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Bdud 'joms rol pa rtsal + (There seems to be some confusion regarding … There seems to be some confusion regarding this figure, and he is likely conflated with a later figure of the same name on his BDRC page, namely the Tertön Dudjom Rolpa Tsal that was a student of Dzogchen Khenpo Padma Vajra and teacher to Kathok Situ Chökyi Gyamtso and others. The Dudjom Rolpa Tsal whose Red Garuda treasure is included in the Terdzö, seems to have lived circa the 17th-18th centuries. Kongtrul doesn't give much details in his brief biography of him, other than that Kathok Rigdzin seems to have met him in his younger years. However, in the addendum included by Kongtrul in the text found in the Terdzö, which delineates the lineage from which he received this particular treasure, it is clear that this figure lived a couple generations before Kongtrul. The text in question comes from the Tertön's student Drime Zhingkyong (b. 1724), whom was the son of Chöje Lingpa and the teacher of several prominent lamas, such as Kunzang Ngedön Wangpo and Getse Mahāpaṇḍita, that lived toward the second half of the 18th century. Therefore, the BDRC page in which we find the Tertön's collected works is inaccurate in its biographical details and subsequently in the associated persons, all of which are related to the later Dudjom Rolpa Tsal that lived in the 18-19th centuries. However, Jeff Watt's description on HAR of the image included here does seem to reference the correct Dudjom Rolpa Tsal, a.k.a. Pema Chögyal. In this image we find Drime Zhingkyong depicted as a disciple of the Tertön.yong depicted as a disciple of the Tertön.)
Cleary, T. + (Thomas Cleary passed away on June 20, 2021 … Thomas Cleary passed away on June 20, 2021. https://www.shambhala.com/remembering-thomas-cleary :Of his passing, renowned Buddhist scholar Robert Thurman wrote on Facebook:::“There is no doubt in my mind that Thomas Cleary is the greatest translator of Buddhist texts from Chinese or Japanese into English of our generation, and that he will be so known by grateful Buddhist practitioners and scholars in future centuries. Single-handedly he has gone a long way toward building the beginnings of a Buddhist canon in English.”Cleary became interested in Buddhism when he was a teenager; his researches into Buddhist thought began with a desire to learn during this time of his life. When he began translating, he chose either untranslated works or—as in the case of Sun Tzu's ''The Art of War''—books whose extant translations were "too limited".Cleary earned a Ph.D in East Asian Languages and Civilizations from Harvard University and a JD from the Boalt Hall School of Law at the University of California, Berkeley. Since completing his doctoral studies, Cleary has had little involvement with the academic world. In a rare interview, Cleary stated: "There is too much oppression in a university setting . . . I want to stay independent and reach those who want to learn directly through my books."Cleary's brother Jonathon also completed his doctoral work in EALC at Harvard. The two brothers worked together to translate the koan collection ''The Blue Cliff Record''; Shambhala published the translation in 1977.Thomas Cleary's most widely disseminated translation has been of Sun Tzu's ''The Art of War'' (''Sunzi Bingfa'').He also translated the monumental ''Avatamsaka Sutra'' (also called ''Huayan Jing'', or the ''Flower Ornament Scripture'').Another major translation was of the commentaries of the 18th century Taoist sage Liu Yiming, who explains the metaphoric coding of the main Taoist texts dealing with the transformation of consciousness, and the fusion of the human mind with the mind of Tao.In 2000, Cleary's various translations of Taoist texts were collected into four volumes by Shambhala Publications as ''The Taoist Classics''. Following the success of these publications, a five-volume collection of Buddhist translations was collected as ''Classics of Buddhism and Zen''. Another translation from the Muslim wisdom tradition is ''Living and Dying with Grace''. In 1993 Cleary published a translation of Miyamoto Musashi's ''Book of Five Rings''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Cleary Source Accessed Sept 18, 2020])mas_Cleary Source Accessed Sept 18, 2020]))
Doctor, T. + (Thomas Doctor received his BA and MA degre … Thomas Doctor received his BA and MA degrees in Tibetan Studies from the University of Copenhagen and his Ph.D. in Buddhist Studies from the University of Lausanne. He has studied Buddhist philosophy at Ka-Nying Shedrub Ling Monastery since the late 1980s and serves as a senior translator for the lamas and scholars there. Thomas’ main research interests are the pāramitā and mantra views and practices of Buddhism in India and Tibet. He has translated several classics of Buddhist philosophy, including Speech of Delight (Ju Mipham's commentary to the Madhyamakālaṃkāra) and Ornament of Reason (Mabja Jangchub Tsöndrü's commentary to the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā). Thomas contributes to the 84000, an ongoing project to translate the Tibetan collection of the Buddha's words and associated treaties into English. He is currently teaching several courses on the MA program at RYI. (Source: [http://www.ryi.org/faculty Rangjung Yeshe Institute])ryi.org/faculty Rangjung Yeshe Institute]))
Tilopa + (Tilopa. (T. Ti lo pa) (988–1069). An India … Tilopa. (T. Ti lo pa) (988–1069). An Indian tantric adept counted among the eighty-four mahāsiddhas and venerated in Tibet as an important source of tantric instruction and a founder of the Bka' brgyud sect. Little historical information exists regarding Tilopa's life. According to his traditional biographies, Tilopa was born a brāhmaṇa in northeast India. As a young man he took the vows of a Buddhist monk, but later was compelled by the prophecies of a ḍākinī messenger to study with a host of tantric masters. He lived as a wandering yogin, practicing tantra in secret while outwardly leading a life of transgressive behavior. For many years Tilopa acted as the servant for the prostitute Barima (in truth a wisdom ḍākinī in disguise) by night while grinding sesame seeds for oil by day. The name Tilopa, literally "Sesame Man," derives from the Sanskrit word for sesamum. Finally, Tilopa is said to have received instructions in the form of a direct transmission from the primordial buddha Vajradhara. Tilopa instructed numerous disciples, including the renowned Bengali master Nāropa, who is said to have abandoned his prestigious monastic position to become Tilopa's disciple, undergoing many difficult trials before receiving his teachings. Those teachings were later received by Marpa Chos kyi blo gros, who brought Tilopa's teachings to Tibet. As with many Indian siddhas, Tilopa's main instructions are found in the form of dohā, or songs of realization. Many of his songs, together with several tantric commentaries and liturgical texts, are included in the Tibetan canon. Among the teachings attributed to him are the bka’ ’babs bzhi ("four transmissions"), the lus med mkha’ ’gro snyan rgyud chos skor dgu ("nine aural lineage cycles of the formless ḍākinīs"), and the Mahāmudropadeśa. (Source: "Tilopa." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 914. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Lin, N. + (Title: Associate Professor of Tibetan and … Title: Associate Professor of Tibetan and South Asian Studies at the Institute of Buddhist Studies, Berkeley, CA.Nancy Lin joined the faculty in 2021 after previously teaching at Vanderbilt University, Dartmouth College, and the University of California, Santa Cruz. Her research focuses on how literary and visual cultures have shaped Buddhist traditions of Tibet and the Himalaya. Her current book project is a study of worldly Buddhists and courtly cultures of Tibet in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Her teaching emphasizes how people draw from the resources of their historical and living traditions, including rituals, narratives, values, objects, environments, and cosmologies.:Degrees::Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley::MA, Columbia University::AB, Harvard University:Research and Teaching Interests::Buddhism in Tibet and the Himalaya, South Asia, and Inner Asia::World-engaging and world-renouncing aspects of Buddhist thought and practice::Karma and rebirth::Poetic language, rhetoric, and narrative::Buddhist visual and material culture::Translation and circulation of words and images::Courtly cultures and networks:Selected Publications::“Ornaments of This World: Materiality and Poetics of the Fifth Dalai Lama’s Reliquary Stūpa.” In Jewels, Jewelry, and Other Shiny Things in the Buddhist Imaginary, edited by Vanessa R. Sasson. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, forthcoming.::“Recounting the Fifth Dalai Lama’s Rebirth Lineage.” Revue d’Etudes Tibétaines 38 (February 2017): 119–156.::“Purity in the Pudding and Seclusion in the Forest: Si tu paṇ chen, Monastic Ideals, and the Buddha’s Biographies.” Journal of the International Association of Tibetan Studies 7 (August 2013): 86–124.::“Döndrup Gyel and the Remaking of the Tibetan Ramayana.” In Modern Tibetan Literature and Social Change, edited by Lauran R. Hartley and Patricia Schiaffini-Vedani, 86–111. Durham: Duke University Press, 2008.:Courses Taught::Buddhism and World Religions::Buddhist Pastoral Cared World Religions ::Buddhist Pastoral Care)
Trogawa Rinpoche + (Trogawa Rinpoche, Gyurme Ngawang (khrod ga … Trogawa Rinpoche, Gyurme Ngawang (khrod ga 'ba 'gyur med ngag dbang, 1931–2005) was an eminent practitioner and teacher of Tibetan medicine, who was trained at the famed Lhasa Chakpori medical college. He taught at the Tibetan Medical and Astrological Institute (Men-Tsee-Khang) in Dharamsala at the request of H. H. the Dalai Lama and then spent many years in Darjeeling, India, where he founded the Chagpori Institute in commemoration of the famous institute of the same name that existed in Lhasa. His main spiritual teacher was Dzongsar JamyangKhyentse Chokyi Lodro, and he was also a disciple of Dudjom Rinpoche, Kangyur Rinpoche, and Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche. (Source: Enlightened Vagabond)e Rinpoche. (Source: Enlightened Vagabond))
Tshar chen blo gsal rgya mtsho + (Tsarchen Losal Gyatso was the founder of t … Tsarchen Losal Gyatso was the founder of the Tsar subschool of the Sakya tradition and of its main monastery, Dar Drangmoche Monastery in the province of Tsang. A number of his writings survive such as his compositions on the Hevajra visualization (Tib. ཉི་མའི་འོད་ཟེར, Wyl. nyi ma'i 'od zer) and on the Vajrayogini teachings. His biography was written by the Fifth Dalai Lama. His chief disciples were Jamyang Khyentse Wangchuk, who is compared to the sun, and Mangtö Ludrup Gyatso, who is likened to the moon, as well as Yol Khenchen Shyönnu Lodrö, the Third Dalai Lama Sonam Gyatso, and Bokarwa Maitri Döndrup Gyaltsen. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Tsarchen_Losal_Gyatso Rigpa Wiki])p?title=Tsarchen_Losal_Gyatso Rigpa Wiki]))
Tuladhar, Tsering + (Tsering Tuladhar (Venerable Tsen-la) is a … Tsering Tuladhar (Venerable Tsen-la) is a nun in the Gelug tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. Born in Lhasa, she grew up in Kathmandu, Nepal, and was ordained there in 1979 by Lama Yeshe and Lama Zopa Rinpoche. She has acted as translator for many Buddhist lamas, led meditation courses around the world, and was instrumental in the founding of Khachoe Ghakyil Nunnery in Kathmandu. (Source: [https://wisdomexperience.org/product/practicing-path/ Wisdom Publications])uct/practicing-path/ Wisdom Publications]))
Zenkar, Alak + (Tudeng Nima is the 2nd Alak Zenkar Rinpoch … Tudeng Nima is the 2nd Alak Zenkar Rinpoche. The 1st Alak Zenkar Rinpoche, Pema Ngödrup Rolpai Dorjé, lived from 1881 to 1943. For a short biography, see Tulku Thondup, ''Masters of Meditation and Miracles'' (Shambhala Publications, 1996), 275–77.Tudeng Nima Rinpoche is the Director of the Paltseg Tibetan Rare Texts Research Center, TBRC board member, visiting scholar at the University of Virginia, and board member of the China Association for Preservation and Development of Tibetan Culture. In 2000-2003, he was a Senior Research Scholar at Columbia University in the East Asian Institute. From 2004 to the present he has been a visiting scholar at the University of Virginia. Tudeng Nima Rinpoche has written many papers for which he has received numerous awards. He has rescued and reproduced thousands of important and rare Tibetan texts. He has made outstanding contributions to Tibetan culture and education and is renowned as one of the world’s leading Tibetan Buddhist scholars. ([https://www.tbrc.org/#!footer/about/board Adapted from BDRC September 17, 2020])[http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Alak_Zenkar_Rinpoche Rigpa Wiki Bio]title=Alak_Zenkar_Rinpoche Rigpa Wiki Bio])
Topgyal, Orgyen + (Tulku Orgyen Tobgyal Rinpoche (o rgyan sto … Tulku Orgyen Tobgyal Rinpoche (o rgyan stobs rgyal rin po che, b. 1951) is the elder son of the 3rd Neten Chokling Rinpoche. He is considered to be an incarnation of Taksham Nuden Dorje. After the death of his father, he took care of Pema Ewam Chogar Gyurme Ling Monastery in Bir, India, for many years before handing it over to the 4th Neten Chokling Rinpoche. He is a disciple of Dzongsar Khyentse Chokyi Lodro and Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche. Renowned for his vast memory of the lives of past teachers, he recounted The Life of Chokgyur Lingpa to Erik Pema Kunsang. (Source: Enlightened Vagabond)ma Kunsang. (Source: Enlightened Vagabond))
Dorje, Lama Sherab + (Tulku Sherdor is Executive Director of Bla … Tulku Sherdor is Executive Director of Blazing Wisdom Institute. Born in Montreal, Canada in 1961, he began studying Buddhist Insight meditation from a very young age, and met his principal teacher, Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, in Nepal in 1981. He was fortunate to study with other pre-eminent masters of the 20th century, including His Holiness Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, Khetsun Zangpo Rinpoche, Dung Say Trinley Norbu Rinpoche, Chokyi Nyima Rinpoche, Kalu Rinpoche, and many others. He completed a 3-year lama retreat in the Karma and Shangpa Kagyu schools of Tibetan Buddhism, and a year-long solitary retreat in the Chogling Tersar practice lineage held by Tulku Urgyen. Over the past 18 years he has traveled far and wide, teaching and working with and translating for a great number of distinguished Nyingma and Kagyu meditation masters, such as helping Trangu Rinpoche establish the monastic retreat program at Gampo Abbey in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia in the early 1990s; helping Kenpo Sonam Topgyal Rinpoche re-establish the vajrayana Buddhist tradition for the Chinese community in Thailand in the mid-1990s; and working closely with his precious teacher, His Holiness Orgyen Kusum Lingpa, to advance many philanthropic projects in Tibet dedicated to world peace. (Source: [http://www.blazingwisdom.org/id1.html Blazing Wisdom Institute])om.org/id1.html Blazing Wisdom Institute]))
Rigsang, Tenzin + (Tulku Tenzin Rigsang was born in Golog, ea … Tulku Tenzin Rigsang was born in Golog, eastern Tibet, near the Mardo Tashi Choling monastery. He became a monk at a young age and was recognized by the dzogchen yogi Yeshe Wangpo as the reincarnation of his own brother Sherab Gyaltsen.Tulku Rigsang studied with many spiritual teachers including Khenpo Jigme P’huntsog. In India he studied within the Nyingma tradition, at Namdroling monastery and within the Gelug tradition, at Drepung monastery. After having completed the entire curriculum, he moved to Dharamsala, where he received many teachings from HH the Dalai Lama, while also studying English and other subjects.In 2013, he was invited to the United States by Khentrul Lodro Thaye Rinpoche to be a full-time resident teacher at Katog Rithrod Mountain Retreat Center. Tulku Rigsang was selected by Rinpoche to help teach the dharma in the United States, both formally and by example, as “he is greatly learned, a pure monk, has few desires, is rich with contentment, and is truly humble.”In 2014, he visited Katog Choling sanghas throughout the US, beginning in March, with a two week residency with the Katog Vajra Ling sangha in Connecticut.In December 2015, Tulku Tenzin Rigsang returned to the east to continue his studies. ([https://katogcholing.com/tulkurigsang Source Accessed June 16, 2021])lkurigsang Source Accessed June 16, 2021]))
Thondup, Tulku + (Tulku Thondup Rinpoche was born in Golok i … Tulku Thondup Rinpoche was born in Golok in 1936 and trained from childhood at Dodrupchen Monastery, after having been recognized as the reincarnation of Khenpo Konchog Dronme (1859-1936). He lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he writes and translates under the auspices of the Buddhayana Foundation. A few of his books in English are ''Masters of Meditation and Miracles''; ''Enlightened Living''; ''The Healing Power of Mind''; ''Peaceful Death'', ''Joyful Rebirth''; and ''The Heart of Unconditional Love''. (Source: Enlightened Vagabond)nal Love''. (Source: Enlightened Vagabond))
Chemchok, Urgyen + (Tulku Urgyen Chemchog (1915?-2003?) was on … Tulku Urgyen Chemchog (1915?-2003?) was one of the closest disciples of Khenpo Ngawang Palzang and a disciple of Dudjom Rinpoche, Jigdral Yeshe Dorje. He was able to teach quite a few disciples in secret while spending twenty years in Chinese labor camps in Tibet. After being freed, he lived and taught in Konjo province. After his passing away, his body shrank to the size of an arm's length, a phenomenon considered to be similar, though not identical, to the achievement ofthe rainbow body. (Source: Enlightened Vagabond). See also his biography on [http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Gojo_Orgyen_Chemchok Rigpa Wiki].hp?title=Gojo_Orgyen_Chemchok Rigpa Wiki].)
Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche + (Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche passed away on the 1 … Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche passed away on the 13th of February at his hermitage Nagi Gompa on the southern slope of the Shivapuri mountain. He was born in eastern Tibet on the tenth day of the fourth Tibetan month in 1920. He was recognized by H.H. Khakyab Dorje, the 15th Gyalwang Karmapa, as the reincarnation of the Chowang Tulku, as well as the emanation of Nubchen Sangye Yeshe, one of the chief disciples of Padmasambhava. Guru Chowang the First (1212-70 AD) was one of the five Terton Kings, the major revealers of secret texts hidden by Guru Padmasambhava.Tulku Urgyen’s main monastery was Lachab Gompa in Nangchen, Eastern Tibet. He studied and practiced the teachings of both the Kagyu and Nyingma schools of Tibetan Buddhism. Among the four greater Kagyu Schools, his family line was the main holder of the Barom Kagyu Lineage.In the Nyingma tradition, Tulku Urgyen held the complete teachings of the last century’s three great masters: Terchen Chokgyur Lingpa, Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo and Kongtrul Lodro Thaye. He had an especially close transmission for the New Treasures, a compilation of all the empowerments, reading transmissions and instructions of Padmasambhava’s teachings, which were rediscovered by Terchen Chokgyur Lingpa, his great-grandfather. Rinpoche passed on this tradition to the major regents of the Karma Kagyu lineage as well as to many other lamas and tulkus.The close relationship between the lineage of the Karmapas and Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche came about since the 14th Gyalwang Karmapa was one of the main recipients of Chokgyur Lingpa’s termas, receiving the empowerments from the terton himself. Tulku Samten Gyatso, the grandson of Chokgyur Lingpa and the root guru of Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, offered the same transmission to the 15th Gyalwang Karmapa Khakyab Dorje. The Gyalwang 16th Karmapa, Rangjung Rigpey Dorje, was offered the major transmissions of the Chokling Tersar by Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche. In addition, Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche also felt fortunate to pass on the transmission for the important Dzogchen Desum, the Three Sections of the Great Perfection, to both His Holiness Karmapa and Dudjom Rinpoche, as well as numerous Tulkus and lamas of the Kagyu and Nyingma lineages.Tulku Urgyen established six monasteries and retreat centers in the Kathmandu region. The most important of these are at Boudhanath, the site of the Great Stupa, and another at the Asura Cave, where Padmasambhava manifested the Mahamudra Vidyadhara level. He lived at Nagi Gompa Hermitage above the Kathmandu Valley. Under his guidance were more than 300 monks and nuns. He stayed in retreat for more than 20 years, including four three-year retreats.In 1980 Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, accompanied by his oldest son Chokyi Nyima Rinpoche, went on a world tour through Europe, the United States and South East Asia, giving teachings on Dzogchen and Mahamudra to many people. Every year since then a seminar on Buddhist study and practice has been held at Ka-Nying Shedrub Ling Monastery in essential meditation practice, combining the view and meditation of Dzogchen, Mahamudra and the Middle Way. Less concerned with the systematic categories of topics of knowledge or with the logical steps of philosophy, Tulku Urgyen directly addressed the listener’s present state of mind. His published works in English include ''Repeating the Words of the Buddha'', ''As It Is 1'' & ''As It Is 2'', ''Rainbow Painting'' and ''Vajra Speech''.The over-all background of the teachings of Dzogchen and Mahamudra, which are tremendously vast and profound, can be condensed into simple statements of immediate relevance to our present state of mind. Tulku Urgyen was famed for his profound meditative realization and for the concise, lucid and humorous style with which he imparts the essence of the 84,000 sections of the Buddhist teachings. His method of teaching is ‘instruction through one’s own experience.’ Using few words, this way of teaching points out the nature of mind, revealing a natural simplicity of wakefulness that enables the student to actually touch the heart of the Buddha’s Wisdom Mind.—written by Chokyi Nyima Rinpoche and Erik Pema Kunsang, New York, 1981. ([http://www.rangjung.com/book_author/tulku-urgyen-rinpoche/ Source Accessed Feb 6, 2019])urgyen-rinpoche/ Source Accessed Feb 6, 2019]))
Gyatso, Yeshi + (Tulku Yeshi Rinpoche is a Dzogchen master … Tulku Yeshi Rinpoche is a Dzogchen master and the reincarnation of Dzogchen Gyaltsab Thodo Rinpoche. He was recognized by Kyabje Trulshig Rinpoche. He has received teachings from over forty masters representing all five schools of Tibetan Buddhism, Nyingma, Kagyu, Sakya, Gelug and Shiji (or Chod). Tulku Yeshi has authored fifteen books on subjects of Tibetan Buddhism and culture. He also writes novels, poetry for mind training and how to enjoy life.Currently he lives at Sakya Monastery and works on Dharma activities both here in Seattle and across the US. He has dedicated himself in service of H.H. Dagchen Rinpoche, Sakya Monastery and Phuntsok Phodrang. (Source: [https://84000.co/about-translators-html/ 84000])//84000.co/about-translators-html/ 84000]))
Vajrabodhi + (Vajrabodhi. (C. Jingangzhi; J. Kongōchi; K … Vajrabodhi. (C. Jingangzhi; J. Kongōchi; K. Kǔmgangji 金剛智) (671-741). Indian ācārya who played a major role in the introduction and translation in China of seminal Buddhist texts belonging to the esoteric tradition or Mijiao . . .; also known as Vajramati. His birthplace and family background are uncertain, although one source says that he was a south Indian native whose brāhmaṇa father served as a teacher of an Indian king. At the age of nine, he is said to have gone to the renowned Indian monastic university of Nālandā, where he studied various texts of both the abhidharma and Mahāyāna traditions. Vajrabodhi also learned the different vinaya recensions of the eighteen mainstream Buddhist schools. It is said that Vajrabodhi spent the years 701–708 in Southern India, where he received tantric initiation at the age of thirty-one from Nāgabodhi (d.u.), a south Indian mahāsiddha of the Vajraśekhara line. He later traveled to Sri Lanka and then to Śrīvijaya before sailing to China, eventually arriving in the eastern Tang capital of Luoyang in 720. In 721, Vajrabodhi and his famed disciple Amoghavajra arrived in the western capital of Chang’an. Under the patronage of Emperor Xuanzong (r. 712–756), Vajrabodhi and Amoghavajra translated the ''Vajraśekharasūtra'' and other related texts. Vajrabodhi devoted his energy and time to spreading tantric Buddhism by establishing the abhiṣeka or initiation platforms and performing esoteric rituals. In particular, Vajrabodhi was popular as a thaumaturge; his performance of the rituals for rainmaking and curing diseases gained him favor at the imperial court; he even gave tantric initiation to the Tang emperor Xuanzong. During his more than twenty years in China, Vajrabodhi introduced about twenty texts belonging to the Vajraśekhara textual line. Vajrabodhi attracted many disciples; the Silla monk Hyech'o (704–87), known for his travel record Wang O Ch'ǒnch'uk kuk ch’ōn ("Record of a Journey to the Five Kingdoms of India"), also studied with him. The Japanese Shingonshū honors Vajrabodhi as the fifth of the eight patriarchs in its lineage, together with Nāgabodhi and Amoghavajra. (Source: "Vajrabodhi." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 952–53. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Radlov, V. + (Vasily Vasilievich Radlov or Friedrich Wil … Vasily Vasilievich Radlov or Friedrich Wilhelm Radloff (Russian: Васи́лий Васи́льевич Ра́длов; 17 January [O.S. 5 January] 1837 in Berlin – 12 May 1918 in Petrograd) was a German-born Russian founder of Turkology, a scientific study of Turkic peoples. According to Turkologist Johan Vandewalle; he knew all the Turkic languages and dialects as well as German, French, Russian, Greek, Latin, Manchu, Mongolian, Chinese, Arabic, Persian and Hebrew.Working as a schoolteacher in Barnaul, Radlov became interested in the native peoples of Siberia and published his ethnographic findings in the influential monograph From Siberia (1884). From 1866 to 1907, he translated and released a number of monuments of Turkic folklore. Most importantly, he was the first to publish the Orhon inscriptions. Four volumes of his comparative dictionary of Turkic languages followed in 1893 to 1911. Radlov helped establish the Russian Museum of Ethnography and was in charge of the Asiatic Museum in St. Petersburg from 1884 to 1894.Radlov assisted Grigory Potanin on his glossary of Salar language, Western Yugur language, and Eastern Yugur language in Potanin's 1893 Russian language book The Tangut-Tibetan Borderlands of China and Central Mongolia.During the Stalinist repressions of the late 1930s, the NKVD and state science apparatus accused the late (ethnically German) Radlov of Panturkism. A perceived connection with the long-dead Radlov was treated as incriminating evidence against Orientalists and Turkologists, some of whom were executed, including Alexander Samoylovich in 1938. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasily_Radlov Source Accessed May 6, 2022])asily_Radlov Source Accessed May 6, 2022]))
Churinoff, G. + (Ven. George Churinoff (Gelong Thubten Tsul … Ven. George Churinoff (Gelong Thubten Tsultrim) has taught and studied in FPMT centers around the world. Since attending his first November Course in Kopan in 1974 and ordaining in 1975, he has studied extensively. A physics graduate from MIT, Venerable George earned a Masters degree in Buddhist studies from Delhi University, India. He took ordination in 1975 and studied the Geshe Studies Program at Manjushri Institute, England, where he also served as Spiritual Program Coordinator.Venerable George was instrumental in founding the Masters Program at Istituto Lama Tzong Khapa in Italy, where he also served as Program Coordinator. After studying and teaching there for eight years he spent several years at Tushita Centre in Delhi, followed by three years as Lama Osel Rinpoche's English curriculum tutor at Sera Je Monastery in South India. Venerable George has done many retreats in the sutra and tantra traditions and taught extensively in FPMT centers all over the world. He taught the Basic Program as resident teacher at Dorje Chang Institute, New Zealand and at Land of Medicine Buddha, USA. Venerable George now resides in Asheville, NC. ([https://landofmedicinebuddha.org/events/basic-program-tenets-module-with-ven-george-churinoff-2021-03-19/ Source Accessed Aug 19, 2021])2021-03-19/ Source Accessed Aug 19, 2021]))
Sherab, Khenchen Palden + (Ven. Khenchen Palden Rinpoche (1942-2010) … Ven. Khenchen Palden Rinpoche (1942-2010) began his intensive monastic training at the age of six at Gochen Monastery. So strong was his desire to study and learn that he would sneak outdoors after curfew and into the shrubberies to read his books under the moonlight. At age 12, he entered Riwoche Monastery, one of the oldest and largest monastic institutes in eastern Tibet and famous for its philosophers and logicians. There he was trained to become the next Abbot of Gochen. He completed his studies just as the Chinese invasion reached the area. ([http://www.padmasambhava.org/teach.html Source Accessed Jan 29, 2015])/teach.html Source Accessed Jan 29, 2015]))
Khadro, Sangye + (Ven. Sangye Khadro has taught several retr … Ven. Sangye Khadro has taught several retreats and courses at Sravasti Abbey, including Dealing with Difficult Emotions in 2017, Meditative Concentration retreat in 2018, and Peaceful Living, Peaceful Dying courses in 2019 and 2020.California-born, Ven. Sangye Khadro ordained as a Buddhist nun at Kopan Monastery in 1974, and is a longtime friend and colleague of Abbey founder Ven. Thubten Chodron.Ven. Sangye Khadro took the full (bhikshuni) ordination in 1988. While studying at Nalanda Monastery in France in the 1980s, she helped to start the Dorje Pamo Nunnery, along with Ven. Chodron.Ven. Sangye Khadro has studied Buddhism with many great masters including Lama Zopa Rinpoche, Lama Yeshe, His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Geshe Ngawang Dhargyey, and Khensur Jampa Tegchok.She began teaching in 1979 and was a resident teacher at Amitabha Buddhist Centre in Singapore for 11 years.She followed the Masters Program at Lama Tsong Khapa Institute in Italy from 2008 – 2013, and was resident teacher at the FPMT center in Denmark from 2016–2017.Ven. Sangye Khadro has authored several books, including the best-selling, ''How to Meditate'', now in its 17th printing, which has been translated into thirteen languages. ([https://sravastiabbey.org/community-member/sangye-khadro/ Source Accessed Nov 8, 2021])ngye-khadro/ Source Accessed Nov 8, 2021]))
Tarpa, Thubten + (Ven. Thubten Tarpa is an American practici … Ven. Thubten Tarpa is an American practicing in the Tibetan tradition since 2000 when she took formal refuge. She has lived at Sravasti Abbey under the guidance of Ven. Thubten Chodron since May 2005. The first person to ordain at the Abbey, Ven. Tarpa took her śrāmaṇerikā and śikṣamāṇā ordinations with Ven. Chodron as her preceptor in 2006. See photos.On December 20, 2008 Ven. Tarpa traveled to Hsi Lai Temple in Hacienda Heights California to receive bhikshuni ordination. The temple is affiliated with Taiwan’s Fo Guang Shan Buddhist order.Ven. Tarpa’s other main teachers are the late H.H. Jigdal Dagchen Sakya and H.E. Dagmo Kusho. She has had the good fortune to receive teachings from some of Ven. Chodron’s teachers as well.Before moving to the Abbey, Ven. Tarpa worked as a physical therapist/athletic trainer for 30 years in colleges, hospital clinics, and private practice settings. In this career she had the very rewarding opportunity to help patients and teach students and colleagues. She has B.S. degrees from Michigan State University and the University of Washington and an M.S. degree from the University of Oregon. Among many other Abbey responsibilities, Ven. Tarpa coordinates the Abbey’s building projects. ([https://sravastiabbey.org/community-member/thubten-tarpa/ Source Accessed Nov 1, 2021])ubten-tarpa/ Source Accessed Nov 1, 2021]))
Lhakdor, Geshe + (Venerable Geshe Lhakdor is the Director of … Venerable Geshe Lhakdor is the Director of the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives in Dharamsala. Geshe La was born in western Tibet and came to India, completing advanced degrees at the University of Delhi and Punjab and continuing on to complete a full Geshe degree at Drepung Loseling Monastic University in south India. He has held many posts in support of the Dharma, as well as translating many texts, some from Tibetan to English, and some from English to Tibetan including: *Shantideva's Compendium of Precepts (Shikshasamucchaya)*The Three Essential Meanings (Nyingpo Donsum) *Tsongkhapa's Three Principal Aspects of Path*Words of Manjushri by the Fifth Dalai lama (into English)*Versified Lamrim by Dvagpo Ngawang Drakpa (Into English)*Universe in a Single Atom (into Tibetan)**Co-translator, co-editor, co-producer (partial list)***The Way to Freedom, by HH Dalai Lama, HarperCollins (USA)***The Joy of Living and Dying in Peace by HH Dalai Lama, HarperCollins***Awakening the Mind and Lightening the Heart by HH Dalai Lama, HarperCollins***Stages of Meditation by HH Dalai Lama, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca NY, USA***His Holiness's Commentary of Nagarjuna's Fundamental Wisdom (into Tibetan)***Kindness, Clarity and Insight by HH Dalai Lama (into Tibetan)***His Holiness's Commentary on Nagarjuna's Letter to the Friend (into Tibetan)***His Holiness's Extensive Commentary on Thogme Zangpo's 37 Bodhisattava Practices.Thogme Zangpo's 37 Bodhisattava Practices.)
Mindrol, Gyalten + (Venerable Gyalten Mindrol met the Dharma t … Venerable Gyalten Mindrol met the Dharma through her father when she was ten years old and came to Tibetan Buddhism at the age of seventeen. She joined the FPMT family in her mid-twenties, first attending Basic Program courses with Geshe Tsulga at Kurukulla Center in Boston and Ven. George Churinoff at Land of Medicine Buddha in California. She has also received numerous teachings from His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Lama Zopa Rinpoche, Kirti Tsenshab Rinpoche, Choden Rinpoche, Geshe Lhundub Sopa Rinpoche, and Gyume Khensur Lobsang Tenzin Rinpoche, as well as Ven. Sarah Thresher and Ven. Robina Courtin. She joined the staff of FPMT International Office as editor working in educational materials development in 2005, and later that year took novice ordination with Choden Rinpoche. She has led Nyung Ne fasting retreats at Land of Medicine Buddha and currently visits a prison near Vancouver, WA, as well as offering "Discovering Buddhism" courses as part of Maitripa College’s Jokhang program. She has been a student of Yangsi Rinpoche at Maitripa College since 2006. ([https://dharmafriendship.org/teachers/ Source Accessed Apr 14, 2022])g/teachers/ Source Accessed Apr 14, 2022]))
Gyaltsen, Kalsang + (Venerable Khenpo Kalsang Gyaltsen is the s … Venerable Khenpo Kalsang Gyaltsen is the spiritual director of Sakya Phuntsok Ling Centers for Tibetan Buddhist Study and Meditation. He is a widely recognized and accomplished teacher and translator of Buddhism. His Holiness Sakya Trizin and other high lamas of the Sakya Order have repeatedly praised his Dharma activities as exemplary.Training and Dharma Work:As a youth, Khenpo Kalsang met his first teacher, Venerable Tharig Tulku Rinpoche, and from him received novice ordination and monastic and religious training. He received full ordination and advanced religious training from His Eminence Luding Khenchen Rinpoche.After assisting Venerable Tharig Tulku Rinpoche in building the first Sakya monastery in Kathmandu, Nepal, Khenpo Kalsang served as assistant abbot, teacher of young monks, disciplinarian and also held other religious offices. He continued to pursue advanced Dharma study, requesting and receiving many special teachings in both sutra and tantra from His Holiness the Sakya Trizin, His Eminence Luding Khenchen Rinpoche, His Eminence Chogye Trichen Rinpoche, Venerable Khenpo Appey Rinpoche and Venerable Khenpo Rinchen. From His Eminence Dezhung Rinpoche, he also received many special Sakya oral instructions.In recognition of his accomplishment of study and meditation, His Holiness the Sakya Trizin requested Khenpo Kalsang to lead the meditation training sessions during His Holiness’ bestowal of the precious Lam Dre teaching cycle in Friday Harbor, Washington in 1995.At the request of His Holiness the Sakya Trizin and his own students, Venerable Khenpo Kalsang Gyaltsen has translated numerous major Sakya texts into English. These include His Holiness’ autobiography, the Hevajra Cause and Path Initiations, the Anatomy of the Lam Dre Teaching and numerous other tantric texts, sadhanas and prayers. His Holiness the Sakya Trizin chose Khenpo Kalsang to provide simultaneous English interpretation when he bestowed the Collection of All the Sadhanas teaching cycle in Kathmandu in 1994. Khenpo Kalsang has also served as interpreter for the teaching tours of His Eminence Luding Khen Rinpoche, His Eminence Dezhung Rinpoche and Venerable Tharig Tulku Rinpoche.Founding Sakya Phuntsok LingIn 1986, at the request of students in the Washington, D.C. area, Venerable Khenpo Kalsang Gyaltsen established Sakya Phuntsok Ling Center for Tibetan Buddhist Studies and Meditation.With the blessings of His Holiness the Sakya Trizin and His Eminence Dezhung Rinpoche and the expert teaching and wise guidance of Venerable Khenpo Kalsang Gyaltsen, Sakya Phuntsok Ling has flourished, and the Center’s activities have been praised by His Holiness and other high lamas of the Sakya Order.Venerable Khenpo Kalsang Gyaltsen continues to teach and guide students at Sakya Phuntsok Ling, in Silver Spring, Maryland, near Washington D.C. He is active in translation of Sakya texts and travels regularly to give teachings at Sakya centers in the United States. (Source: [http://sakyaphuntsokling.org/khenpo-kalsang-gyaltsen/ Sakya Puntsok Ling Official Website])alsang-gyaltsen/ Sakya Puntsok Ling Official Website]))
To, L. + (Venerable Master Lok To's origin is the Xi … Venerable Master Lok To's origin is the Xiao County in Anhui Province. He was born in 1923. He became a novice at the age of ten and his tonsuring Master was Venerable Master Xue Feng of the Long Quan Temple. At the age of sixteen, he was ordained at Xinghua Temple in Mount Yunlong of Xuzhou. At eighteen, he arrived at Cham Shan Temple in Qingdao and began his Tiantai education at the Cham Shan Temple School of Buddhism, under the guidance of 65-years-old Elder Master Tan Xu.In 1947, Venerable Master Lok To came to Hong Kong to further his studies. He encountered the Dao Feng Shan Religious Studies Research Institute and discovered their intention of weakening the faith in the Buddhist Saṅgha community. He then published a pamphlet to expose this. In 1948, Venerable Master Tan Xu arrived in Hong Kong and founded the South China (Huanan) School of Buddhism, where Master Lok To furthered his studies at the age of 26. He was determined to learn English then, planting his seed for translation work in years to come. This marked the milestone where Cham Shan's lineage was established in Hong Kong.In 1962, Master Lok To decided to go to the U.S.A. and landed in San Francisco. He was the third member of the Chinese Saṅgha community who pioneered in propagating Buddhist Dharma in the United States. The next year, Elder Master Tan Xu passed away. Master Lok To then returned to Hong Kong for the funeral service and further prepared to establish a monastery in the U.S.A.Master Lok To finally set foot in New York on March 15, 1964. He was warmly received by many devotees like Upasika Jiang Huang Neng Jin and Upasaka Shen Jia Zhen. In October 1964, The Buddhist Association of The United States (BAUS) was established with Master Lok To as the Chairman. Two years later, he founded the Da Jue Temple of Enlightenment, and became the first Abbot of the temple.During the World Expo held in Montreal in 1967, Master Lok To invited Master Sing Hung and Master Shing Cheung to immigrate to Canada. In 1968, with their effort and help from devotees, The Buddhist Association of Canada (BAC) was founded, thus began their Canadian lineage.In 1972, Master Lok To returned to the west coast to establish The Buddhist Association of San Francisco. In September 1974, Venerable Master Lok To resigned from his positions in The Buddhist Association of United States and the Da Jue Temple of Enlightenment. He then founded the Young Men's Buddhist Association of America in the Bronx district of New York. He also founded the Sutra Translation Committee of the United States and Canada. Together with devotees who had exemplary ability in the English language, Venerable Master Lok To focused his effort on translating Buddhist texts into English. For over forty years, Venerable Master Lok To had published a lot of English Buddhist texts in the United States and Canada for free distribution. His translation has been widely accepted and welcomed by English-speaking communities, and his work is still delivering merits to truth-seekers today. ([https://obo.genaud.net/backmatter/gallery/lok_to.htm Source Accessed March 28, 2022])ok_to.htm Source Accessed March 28, 2022]))
Feusi, R. + (Venerable René Feusi trained as a florist … Venerable René Feusi trained as a florist for the purpose of taking over the family business of flower shops in Geneva, Switzerland. In 1979, while on a spiritual quest in India and Nepal, he met Lama Yeshe and Lama Zopa Rinpoche, who were to become his main teachers, at the month-long November course at Kopan Monastery in Kathmandu Valley. Until his ordination he would spend half the year working in the family business and the other half receiving teachings and doing retreats. At the advice of Lama Zopa Rinpoche in 1985, he took ordination as a novice monk from Losang Nyingma Rinpoche, abbot of Namgyal Monastery, and then a year later full ordination from His Holiness the Dalai Lama. He spent two more years in India and Nepal receiving teachings and doing retreats before joining Nalanda Monastery in the south of France. Khensur Rinpoche Geshe Tekchog was the abbot and teacher at that time. In his four years there, he studied a number of texts on the graduated path to enlightenment, mind training, as well as various philosophical texts. (Source: [https://wisdomexperience.org/product/beautiful-way-life/ Wisdom Publications])/beautiful-way-life/ Wisdom Publications]))
Bhikkhu, Saddhāloka + (Venerable Saddhāloka was born in Germany i … Venerable Saddhāloka was born in Germany in 1938. His mother passed away at his age of two; he then grew up in the loves of his father and paternal grandparents. Since childhood, he already had the character of a nature lover; he honoured the life of every creature around such as leaves, grass, and small animals like birds, livestock, and poultry. Being studious, he read a lot of books at a young age, especially the books concerning the Buddha's teachings.In 1964, he was officially ordained as a novice (sāmaṇera) of the Theravāda tradition in the United Kingdom. His preceptor (upajjhāya) was a Sri Lankan master, Venerable Saddhātissa. He studied Buddhism in England for two years, then continued his study at Buddhist Centre in Canada for one year. Later, he went to Thailand to acquire more knowledge of Buddhist doctrine and some languages, Thai, Pāli, and Sanskrit, in order to study Buddhism directly from authentic scriptures. He also had a chance to practice meditation. He was staying in Thailand for a couple of years and was fully ordained as a bhikkhu there in 1967 with Venerable Buddhadāsa as his preceptor.In 1969, he made up his decision to go to China to continue his studies, however he was not granted an entry visa at that time, so that he kept staying in Hong Kong. While being in Hong Kong, he taught Buddhism and treated patients with Chinese herbal medicines.During 1970s, Venerable Saddhāloka translated Buddhist texts from Chinese language into English for a Buddhist magazine, Visakhapūjā. Some of his works are known as: The Question of Deva, The Discourse on the Foundation of Mindfulness (Chu Ching Nien), The Twelve Kings of Birth and Death: A Dialogue Between And Ha-Shan Shih-te (B.E. 2509 - 2516), v.v...From 1982 to 1997, Venerable Saddhāloka, having compassion for the Vietnamese boatpeople being desperate and hopeless in closed camps and detention centers, did not mind long roads going back and forth to the centers with heavy loads of foods, beverages, medicines, books, etc. Everyday he got up in the early morning at three o’ clock to prepare then bring the goods to the people in needs. With bare-feet and shaved-head, on sunny or raining days, he patiently kept his routine, visiting the suffering people. In hot afternoons in summer seasons, his brown robes got wet with sweats, but his gentle smiles were always blown on his lips. For 16 years long, he was not only taking his great care of material needs for the detained refugees but also concerning about their spiritual practice, helping them learning the Buddha’s teachings and preserving Vietnamese culture. Therefore, Vietnamese boatpeople in Hong Kong affectionately call him as "Thay Tay Duc." ([https://terebess.hu/zen/mesterek/saddhaloka.pdf Source Accessed Aug 10, 2021])dhaloka.pdf Source Accessed Aug 10, 2021]))
Vidyākarasiṃha + (Vidyakarasimha worked on more than 20 Kang … Vidyakarasimha worked on more than 20 Kangyur and Tengyur translations with various Tibetan translators. Among them are Yeshe De and Mañjusrīvaram, Kawa Paltsek and Khon Lui Wangpo. ([https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Lha_Rinpoche Source Accessed Aug 5, 2021])Lha_Rinpoche Source Accessed Aug 5, 2021]))
Eltschinger, V. + (Vincent Eltschinger is Professor for India … Vincent Eltschinger is Professor for Indian Buddhism at the École Pratique des Hautes Études, PSL Research University, Paris. His research work focuses on the religious background, the apologetic dimensions and the intellectual genealogy of late Indian Buddhist philosophy. His publications include numerous books and articles dedicated to various aspects of the Indian Buddhists’ polemical interaction with orthodox Brahmanism from Aśvaghoṣa to late Indian Buddhist epistemologists. Mention can be made of Penser l’autorité des Écritures (2007), Caste and Buddhist Philosophy (2012), Buddhist Epistemology as Apologetics (2014), Self, No-Self and Salvation (2013, together with Isabelle Ratié). Vincent Eltschinger has been teaching at various universities including Budapest, Lausanne, Leiden, Leipzig, Tokyo, Venice, Vienna, and Zurich. ([https://ephe.academia.edu/VincentEltschinger Source Accessed March 18, 2019])tschinger Source Accessed March 18, 2019]))
Vorenkamp, D. + (Vorenkamp, a member of the Lawrence religi … Vorenkamp, a member of the Lawrence religious studies department since 1997, specializes in Asian religions, especially Buddhism. His teaching was recognized with the Lawrence Freshman Studies Teaching Award in 2000 and his scholarly research has been published in the Encyclopedia of Monasticism, the Journal of Asian Studies and the Journal of Chinese Philosophy, among others. He earned his Ph.D. at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. ([https://blogs.lawrence.edu/news/tag/dirck-vorenkamp Source Accessed April 15, 2020])vorenkamp Source Accessed April 15, 2020]))
Weijing + (Weijing was one of the few Chinese monks t … Weijing was one of the few Chinese monks that figured prominently in the translation activities of the Song, "who never visited India, but was trained in Buddhism and Sanskrit at the Institute for the Transmission of the Dharma in the Song capital" (Tansen Sen, ''Buddhism, Diplomacy, and Trade'' [Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield 2016], 127). A native of Jinling (present-day Nanjing), "Weijing is noted to have shown tremendous talent in learning and understanding Sanskrit texts. Within a year [after arriving at the Institute], he was ordained and began participating in the translation projects as a translator-scribe" (Sen, 128). Furthermore, "many of Dharmapāla's translations were completed with the help of Weijing. Both Dharmapāla and Weijing are also credited with comiling the Sanskrit-Chinese dictionary ''Jingyou Tianzhu ziyuan'' 景祐天竺字源 (Phrase Book of Indian Words [Complied during the] Jingyou [Period])" (Sen, 128).ied during the] Jingyou [Period])" (Sen, 128).)
Fletcher, W. + (Wulstan Fletcher holds degrees in Modern L … Wulstan Fletcher holds degrees in Modern Languages and Theology (Oxford and Rome) and is a teacher of modern languages. He completed a three-year retreat at Chanteloube France from 1986–1989. He is a member of the Padmakara Translation Group and has been a Tsadra Foundation Fellow since 2001. '''Current Projects as a Tsadra Foundation Fellow (with Helena Blankleder):'''* ''Lion Speech, The Life of Jamgön Mipham'', Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche'''Completed Projects as a Tsadra Foundation Fellow (with Helena Blankleder):'''* ''Treasury of Precious Qualities'' (Sutra Section), Jigme Lingpa, commentary by Longchen Yeshe Dorje, Kangyur Rinpoche* ''Counsels from My Heart'', Dudjom Rinpoche* ''Introduction to the Middle Way'', Chandrakirti, commentary by Jamgön Mipham* ''The Adornment of the Middle Way'', Shantarakshita, commentary by Jamgön Mipham* ''Food of Bodhisattvas: Buddhist Teachings on Abstaining from Meat'', Shabkar Tsokdruk Rangdrol* ''The Way of the Bodhisattva'', Shantideva (rev. ed.)* ''The Nectar of Manjushri’s Speech: A Detailed Commentary on Shantideva’s "Way of the Bodhisattva,"'' Kunzang Pelden* ''The Root Stanzas on the Middle Way'', Nagarjuna* ''White Lotus: An Explanation of the Seven-line Prayer to Guru Padmasambhava'', Jamgön Mipham* ''Treasury of Precious Qualities'' (Tantra Section), Jigme Lingpa, commentary by Longchen Yeshe Dorje, Kangyur Rinpoche* ''The Purifying Jewel and Light of the Day Star'' by Mipham Rinpoche* ''Trilogy of Resting at Ease'', Longchenpa(Source: [http://www.tsadra.org/translators/wulstan-fletcher/ Tsadra.org])translators/wulstan-fletcher/ Tsadra.org]))
Xuanzang + (Xuanzang [ɕɥɛ̌n.tsâŋ] (Chinese: 玄奘; fl. c. … Xuanzang [ɕɥɛ̌n.tsâŋ] (Chinese: 玄奘; fl. c. 602 – 664) was a Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveller, and translator who travelled to India in the seventh century and described the interaction between Chinese Buddhism and Indian Buddhism during the early Tang dynasty.[1][2]During the journey he visited many sacred Buddhist sites in what are now Pakistan, India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. He was born in what is now Henan province around 602, from boyhood he took to reading religious books, including the Chinese classics and the writings of ancient sages.While residing in the city of Luoyang (in Henan in Central China), Xuanzang was ordained as a ''śrāmaṇera'' (novice monk) at the age of thirteen. Due to the political and social unrest caused by the fall of the Sui dynasty, he went to Chengdu in Sichuan, where he was ordained as a bhikṣu (full monk) at the age of twenty. He later travelled throughout China in search of sacred books of Buddhism. At length, he came to Chang'an, then under the peaceful rule of Emperor Taizong of Tang, where Xuanzang developed the desire to visit India. He knew about Faxian's visit to India and, like him, was concerned about the incomplete and misinterpreted nature of the Buddhist texts that had reached China.[3]He became famous for his seventeen-year overland journey to India (including Nalanda), which is recorded in detail in the classic Chinese text ''Great Tang Records on the Western Regions'', which in turn provided the inspiration for the novel ''Journey to the West'' written by Wu Cheng'en during the Ming dynasty, around nine centuries after Xuanzang's death.[4] During Xuanzang's travels, he studied with many famous Buddhist masters, especially at the famous center of Buddhist learning at Nalanda. When he returned, he brought with him some 657 Sanskrit texts. With the emperor's support, he set up a large translation bureau in Chang'an (present-day Xi'an), drawing students and collaborators from all over East Asia. He is credited with the translation of some 1,330 fascicles of scriptures into Chinese. His strongest personal interest in Buddhism was in the field of Yogācāra (瑜伽行派), or Consciousness-only (唯識).The force of his own study, translation and commentary of the texts of these traditions initiated the development of the Faxiang school (法相宗) in East Asia. Although the school itself did not thrive for a long time, its theories regarding perception, consciousness, karma, rebirth, etc., found their way into the doctrines of other more successful schools. Xuanzang's closest and most eminent student was Kuiji (窺基) who became recognized as the first patriarch of the Faxiang school. Xuanzang's logic, as described by Kuiji, was often misunderstood by scholars of Chinese Buddhism because they lack the necessary background in Indian logic.[32] Another important disciple was the Korean monk Woncheuk.Xuanzang was known for his extensive but careful translations of Indian Buddhist texts to Chinese, which have enabled subsequent recoveries of lost Indian Buddhist texts from the translated Chinese copies. He is credited with writing or compiling the ''Cheng Weishi Lun'' as a commentary on these texts. His translation of the Heart Sutra became and remains the standard in all East Asian Buddhist sects; as well, this translation of the Heart Sutra was generally admired within the traditional Chinese gentry and is still widely respected as numerous renowned past and present Chinese calligraphers have penned its texts as their artworks.[33] He also founded the short-lived but influential Faxiang school of Buddhism. Additionally, he was known for recording the events of the reign of the northern Indian emperor, Harsha. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuanzang Source Accessed Feb 5, 2020])====notes====1. Wriggins, Sally (27 November 2003). The Silk Road Journey With Xuanzang (1 ed.). Washington DC: Westview press (Penguin). ISBN 978-0813365992. 2. Upinder Singh (2008). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century. Pearson Education. p. 563. ISBN 9788131716779. 3. Wriggins, Sally (27 November 2003). The Silk Road Journey With Xuanzang. New York: Westview (Penguin). ISBN 978-0813365992. 4. Cao Shibang (2006). "Fact versus Fiction: From Record of the Western Regions to Journey to the West". In Wang Chichhung (ed.). Dust in the Wind: Retracing Dharma Master Xuanzang's Western Pilgrimage. p. 62. Retrieved 2 February 2014. 32. See Eli Franco, "Xuanzang's proof of idealism." Horin 11 (2004): 199-212. 33. "Heart Sutra Buddhism". Vincent's Calligraphy. Retrieved 16 March 2017. "Heart Sutra Buddhism". Vincent's Calligraphy. Retrieved 16 March 2017.)
Yangsi Rinpoche + (Yangsi Rinpoche (President) was recognized … Yangsi Rinpoche (President) was recognized as the reincarnation of Geshe Ngawang Gendun, a renowned scholar and practitioner from Western Tibet, at the age of six. Rinpoche trained in the traditional monastic system for over 25 years, and practiced as a monk until the age of 35.In 1995 he graduated with the highest degree of Geshe Lharampa from Sera Je Monastery in South India. He then completed his studies at Gyume Tantric College, and, in 1998, having the particular wish to benefit Western students of the Buddhadharma, Rinpoche came to the West to teach and travel extensively throughout America and Europe.Rinpoche served as a resident teacher at Deer Park Buddhist Center in Madison, Wisconsin for five years, and is currently the Spiritual Director of Ganden Shedrup Ling Buddhist Center in San Juan, Puerto Rico and Spiritual Director of Dharma Friendship Foundation in Seattle, Washington.He founded Maitripa College in 2005 in Portland, Oregon. Rinpoche is the author of Practicing the Path: A Commentary on the Lamrim Chenmo, published in 2003 by Wisdom Publications.Rinpoche teaches in English, and is admired wherever he travels for his unique presentation of the Dharma, his interest in and enthusiasm for Western culture, and his evident embodiment of the wisdom and compassion of the Buddhist path. When not in the classroom at Maitripa College, during academic year breaks and for special events, Yangsi Rinpoche travels widely, representing Maitripa College at conferences and giving teachings around the world. [https://maitripa.org/yangsi-rinpoche/ Source]ps://maitripa.org/yangsi-rinpoche/ Source])
Huei, Y. + (Yeo Puay Huei is the director of Kasih Hos … Yeo Puay Huei is the director of Kasih Hospice and founding member of Losang Dragpa Buddhist Society (an affiliate of FPMT) in Malaysia. She is a long-time student of Lama Zopa Rinpoche and has edited a number of Dharma books both for Lama Thubten Zopa and Geshe Tenzin Zopa.r Lama Thubten Zopa and Geshe Tenzin Zopa.)
Mingyur, Yongey, 7th + (Yongey Mingyur Rinpoche (born 1975) is a T … Yongey Mingyur Rinpoche (born 1975) is a Tibetan teacher and master of the Karma Kagyu and Nyingma lineages of Tibetan Buddhism. He has authored two best-selling books and oversees the Tergar Meditation Community, an international network of Buddhist meditation centers.As the head of the Tergar Meditation Community, Mingyur Rinpoche supports groups of students in more than thirty countries, leading workshops around the world for new and returning students every year. [https://tergar.org/about/mingyur-rinpoche/ Learn more at https://tergar.org/]Mingyur Rinpoche was born in Nepal in 1975, the youngest of four brothers. His mother is Sönam Chödrön, a descendant of the two Tibetan kings Songtsen Gampo and Trisong Deutsen. His brothers are Chokyi Nyima Rinpoche, Tsikey Chokling Rinpoche, and Tsoknyi Rinpoche, and his nephews are Phakchok Rinpoche and the reincarnation of Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, known popularly as Khyentse Yangsi Rinpoche. From the age of nine, his father, Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, taught him meditation, passing on to him the most essential instructions of the Dzogchen and Mahamudra traditions.At the age of eleven, Mingyur Rinpoche began studies at Sherab Ling Monastery in northern India, the seat of Tai Situ Rinpoche. Two years later, Mingyur Rinpoche began a traditional three-year retreat at Sherab Ling. At age twenty, Mingyur Rinpoche became the functioning abbot of Sherab Ling. At twenty-three, he received full monastic ordination. During this time, Mingyur Rinpoche received important Dzogchen transmissions from Nyoshul Khen Rinpoche. At the age of nineteen, he enrolled at Dzongsar Institute, where, under the tutelage of the renowned Khenpo Kunga Wangchuk, he studied the primary topics of the Buddhist academic tradition, including Middle Way philosophy and Buddhist logic.In 2007, Mingyur Rinpoche completed the construction of Tergar Monastery in Bodhgaya, India, which will serve large numbers of people attending Buddhist events at this sacred pilgrimage site, serve as an annual site for month-long Karma Kagyu scholastic debates, and serve as an international study institute for the Sangha and laity. The institute will also have a medical clinic for local people.Mingyur Rinpoche has overseen the Kathmandu Tergar Osel Ling Monastery, founded by his father, since 2010. He also opened a shedra (monastic college) at the monastery.In June 2011, Mingyur Rinpoche left his monastery in Bodhgaya to begin a period of extended retreat. Rinpoche left in the middle of the night, taking nothing with him, but leaving a farewell letter. He spent four years as a wandering yogi... After continuing with his retreat for four years, he later returned to his position as abbot. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yongey_Mingyur_Rinpoche Source Accessed June 27, 2022])r_Rinpoche Source Accessed June 27, 2022]))
Yunmen Wenyan + (Yúnmén Wényǎn (Chinese: 雲門文偃; Pinyin: Yúnm … Yúnmén Wényǎn (Chinese: 雲門文偃; Pinyin: Yúnmén Wényǎn; Romanji: Ummon Bun'en; 862 or 864 – 949 CE), was a major Chinese Chan master in Tang-era China. He was a dharma-heir of Xuefeng Yicun.Yunmen founded the Yunmen school, one of the five major schools of Chán (Chinese Zen). The name is derived from Yunmen monastery of Shaozhou where Yunmen was abbot. The Yunmen school flourished into the early Song Dynasty, with particular influence on the upper classes, and eventually culminating in the compilation and writing of the ''Blue Cliff Record''.The school would eventually be absorbed by the Linji school later in the Song. The lineage still lives on to this day through Chan Master Hsu Yun (1840–1959). ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunmen_Wenyan Source Accessed July 15, 2021])men_Wenyan Source Accessed July 15, 2021]))
Baker, R. + (Zentatsu Richard Baker (born March 30, 193 … Zentatsu Richard Baker (born March 30, 1936), born Richard Dudley Baker, is an American Soto Zen master (or roshi), the founder and guiding teacher of Dharma Sangha—which consists of Crestone Mountain Zen Center located in Crestone, Colorado and the Buddhistisches Studienzentrum (Johanneshof) in Germany's Black Forest. As the American Dharma heir to Shunryu Suzuki, Baker assumed abbotship of the San Francisco Zen Center (SFZC) shortly before Suzuki's death in 1971. He remained abbot there until 1984 . . . Baker was instrumental in helping the San Francisco Zen Center to become one of the most successful Zen institutions in the United States. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zentatsu_Richard_Baker Source Accessed Nov 23, 2020])chard_Baker Source Accessed Nov 23, 2020]))
Zhi Qian + (Zhi Qian. (J. Shi Ken; K. Chi Kyǒm 支謙) (fl … Zhi Qian. (J. Shi Ken; K. Chi Kyǒm 支謙) (fl. c. 220–252). Prolific earlier translator of Buddhist texts into Chinese. A descendant of an Indo-Scythian émigré from the Kushan. kingdom in the Kashmir-GandhAra region of northwest India, Zhi Qian is said to have been fluent in six languages. Although never ordained as a monk, Zhi Qian studied under the guidance of Zhi Liang (d.u.), a disciple of the renowned Indo-Scythian translator Lokakṣema (fl. c. 178–198 CE). Zhi Qian fled northern China in the political chaos that accompanied the collapse of the Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE), eventually migrating to the Wu Kingdom in the south. There, he settled first in Wuchang and later in the Wu Capital of Jianye, which was where the majority of his translations appear to have been made. Zhi Qian was known to have been artistically talented, and many of his translations were noted for their fluent style that did not strive to adhere to the exact meaning of each word and phrase, but instead sought to convey the insights of the text in an accessible fashion for a Chinese audience. The fifty-three translations that are attributed to Zhi Qian range widely between Āgama and didactic materials and early Mahāyāna scriptural literature, but also include many spurious later attributions. . . . Among the translations that may with confidence be ascribed to Zhi Qian are early renderings of the''Vimalakīrtinirdeśa'', the ''Pusa Benye Jing'', the ''Sukhāvatīvyūhasūtra'', the ''Aṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā'', and a primitiverecension of the ''Avataṃsakasūtra''. Zhi Qian is also presumed to be one of the first Buddhist commentators in the East Asiantradition: Dao'an (314–385) States in his scriptural catalogue Zongli zhongjing mulu (now embedded in the Chu sanzang jiji) that Zhi Qian wrote a commentary to the ''Śālistambasūtra'' (C. ''Liaoben shengsi jing'') while preparing its translation. Late in his life, Zhi Qian retired to Mt. Qionglong, where he is said to have passed away at the age of sixty. (Source: "Zhi Qian." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 1056. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Zhaozhou + (Zhàozhōu Cōngshěn (Chinese: 趙州從諗; Wade-Gil … Zhàozhōu Cōngshěn (Chinese: 趙州從諗; Wade-Giles: Chao-chou Ts'ung-shen; Japanese: Jōshū Jūshin) (778–897) was a Chán (Zen) Buddhist master especially known for his "paradoxical statements and strange deeds".Zhaozhou became ordained as a monk at an early age. At the age of 18, he met Nánquán Pǔyuàn (南泉普願 748–835; J: Nansen Fugan), a successor of Mǎzǔ Dàoyī (709–788; J. Baso Do-itsu), and eventually received the Dharma from him. When Nanquan asked Zhaozhou the koan "What is the Way?", the two had a dialogue, at the height of which Zhaozhou attained enlightenment. Zhaozhou continued to practice under Nanquan until the latter's death.Subsequently, Zhaozhou began to travel throughout China, visiting the prominent Chan masters of the time before finally, at the age of eighty, settling in Guānyīnyuàn (觀音院), a ruined temple in northern China. There, for the next 40 years, he taught a small group of monks.Zhaozhou is sometimes touted as the greatest Chan master of Tang dynasty China during a time when its hegemony was disintegrating as more and more regional military governors (jiédùshǐ) began to assert their power. Zhaozhou's lineage died out quickly due to the many wars and frequent purges of Buddhism in China at the time, and cannot be documented beyond the year 1000.Many koans in both the ''Blue Cliff Record'' and ''The Gateless Gate'' concern Zhaozhou, with twelve cases in the former and five in the latter being attributed to him. He is, however, probably best known for the first koan in ''The Gateless Gate'':A monk asked Chao-chou, "Has the dog Buddha-nature or not?" Chao-chou said, "Wu."([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhaozhou_Congshen Source Accessed July, 15, 2021])_Congshen Source Accessed July, 15, 2021]))
Fischer, N. + (Zoketsu Norman Fischer is an American poet … Zoketsu Norman Fischer is an American poet, writer, and Soto Zen priest, teaching and practicing in the lineage of Shunryu Suzuki. He is a Dharma heir of Sojun Mel Weitsman, from whom he received Dharma transmission in 1988. Fischer served as co-abbot of the San Francisco Zen Center from 1995–2000, after which he founded the Everyday Zen Foundation in 2000, a network of Buddhist practice group and related projects in Canada, the United States and Mexico. Fischer has published more than twenty-five books of poetry and non-fiction, as well as numerous poems, essays and articles in Buddhist magazines and poetry journals. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoketsu_Norman_Fischer Source Accessed Jul 21, 2020])man_Fischer Source Accessed Jul 21, 2020]))
Ansermet, A. + ([Anne Ansermet] grew up in Geneva, alongsi … [Anne Ansermet] grew up in Geneva, alongside a father [Ernest Ansermet] totally absorbed by music, where she met Ravel, de Falla, Stravinsky, [and] Ramuz. Having become a nurse, she converted to Catholicism, then married and lived in Paris, where she discovered the misery of the suburbs. After a divorce and two remarriages, she lived in Zurich and in the South of France. A few years later, she returned to Rolle with her son and established very close relationships with her father, accompanying him on his concert tours, developing a very rich intellectual exchange with him. Then she left for India, became a Buddhist, and returned to Switzerland to settle at the Buddhist Center of Mont-Pèlerin, before settling in Rolle. ([https://www.plansfixes.ch/films/anne-ansermet/ Adapted from Source Feb 16, 2021])Anne was instrumental in helping to establish Rabten Choeling (formerly Tharpa Choeling) , one of the first Tibetan Buddhist monasteries to be established in the West after the exodus of Tibetans into India. At the age of 70, Anne was drawn to Buddhism and even traveled to India to be ordained by His Holiness the Dalai Lama. It was the hard work of Anne and her group that allowed the ordained and lay people in Tharpa Choeling to live a life of study and contemplation without having to worry about their material needs. ([https://www.dorjeshugden.com/places/rabten-choeling-switzerland/ Adapted from Source Feb 16, 2021])erland/ Adapted from Source Feb 16, 2021]))
Gordi, I. + ([Isidro Gordi] was born in Mollet del Vall … [Isidro Gordi] was born in Mollet del Vallés (Barcelona) in 1954. A pacifist from a very young age, he was one of the first conscientious objectors in Spain, which is why he suffered exile from 1973 to 1977. During this time he traveled throughout Europe, landing for a long period of time in Greece, whose culture and customs captivated him and aroused his “appetite for the East”. He returned to Spain thanks to the pardon granted after Franco's death.Nostalgic for the Greek islands, in 1979, he settled in Menorca where his first encounter with a Tibetan Master, Lama Orgyen, an expert in Buddhist rituals, took place with whom he took refuge. From those days he became a student of Tibetan Buddhism, a tireless seeker of the teaching that will already be an integral part of his life. Together with his wife, Marta Moll, became one of the pioneers of Buddhism in Spain, deploying its dissemination work through Ediciones Amara , a publishing house specializing in Buddhist philosophy.In Menorca, in 1980, he created the Dharma Institute under the guidance of Venerable Geshe Kelsang Gyatso, a resident of England and abbot at the time of the Manjushri Institute. His wish was to establish a study center where the Buddhist Dharma could be made known with rigor and seriousness. Determined to have the best means to do so, Isidro invites Venerable Geshe Tamding Gyatso as Master resident in Menorca(1927-2002) exiled at that time in India. After a long legal process, Geshe Tamding Gyatso arrived on the island in 1987. That endearing old man would not only become the Master of the Heart of Isidro and Marta, but also almost a grandfather to his children Shanti and Amara who practically saw him daily. During twelve very intense years Isidro received the nectar of the Dharma from the mouth of Geshe Tamding Gyatso , who was one of the most learned Geshes of the famous Ganden monastery. ([https://escuelalaicadebudismoymeditacion.es/index.php/quienes-somos/isidro-gordi Source Accessed Mar 19, 2021])sidro-gordi Source Accessed Mar 19, 2021]))
Dharma Publishing Staff + ([http://dharmapublishing.com/about/our-fou … [http://dharmapublishing.com/about/our-founder/ About Tarthang Tulku]Keenly aware of Tibet’s irreparable loss and willing to do everything possible to sustain the precious heritage of the Land of Snows, Dharma Publishing has worked to realize three principle goals: preservation of Tibetan texts and art, publication of works in Western languages that communicate the meaning and value of the Dharma, and distribution of texts to monks and scholars of the Tibetan Community.It is our hope that, even if the lineages do not survive in their traditional form, the texts and the knowledge they contain will be available for future generations. Although civilizations rise and fall, perhaps the day will come when this precious enlightened knowledge can once more be fully applied for the benefit of all sentient beings. ([http://dharmapublishing.com/about/ Source Accessed August 26, 2015])m/about/ Source Accessed August 26, 2015]))
Śikṣānanda + (Śikṣānanda. (C. Shichanantuo; J. Jisshanan … Śikṣānanda. (C. Shichanantuo; J. Jisshananda; K. Silch'anant'a 實叉難陀) (652-710). A monk from Khotan (C. Yutian), who was an important translator of Buddhist texts into Chinese during the Tang dynasty. The Empress Wu Zetian (r. 690-705) invited Śikṣānanda to the Chinese Capital of Luoyang, asking him to bring from Khotan its Sanskrit recension of the ''Avataṃsakasūtra'' (alt. ''Buddhāvataṃsakasūtra''; C. ''Dafangguang Fo huayan jing''), which was longer and more comprehensive than the sixty-roll version then in use in China, which had previously been translated by the Indian monk Buddhabhadra (359-429). Śikṣānanda arrived in Luoyang in 695 and supervised a translation team in rendering this Khotanese recension into Chinese; his team included Bodhiruci (693-727), Yijing (635-713), and Wǒnch'ǔk (613-696). Śikṣānanda and his team finished their translation in 699, after four years of work, in a total of eighty rolls. The translation that Śikṣānanda supervised is typically called within the tradition the "new" (xin) translation, in contrast to Buddhabhadra's "old" translation. (Li Tongxuan's commentary to Śikṣānanda's new rendering of the text is, for example, called the ''Xin Huayan jing lun''; see ''Huayan jing helun''.) Śikṣānanda continued with his translation projects until 705, when he returned to Khotan to care for his aged mother. Some thirteen other translations are attributed to him, including the ''Laṅkāvatārasūtra'' and several shorter dhāraṇī sūtras, as well as a version of the ''Dasheng qixin lun'' ("Awakening of Faith According to the Mahāyāna"). Emperor Zhongzong (r. 705-710) invited Śikṣānanda to return once again to China in 708, but he died of illness in 710 at the age of fifty-nine without beginning any new translation work. It is reported that after his cremation, his tongue remained untouched by flames—an indication of his remarkable erudition. (Source: "Śikṣānanda." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 820. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Śrīmitra + (Śrīmitra—literally meaning ‘lucky friend’ … Śrīmitra—literally meaning ‘lucky friend’ was a Śramaṇa of western origin [Kucha] who was the heir apparent of a king of that country. He, however, gave up his kingdom to his younger brother and became a Śramaṇa. He came to China in the Yun-Kia period A.D. 307–12, under the western Tsin dynasty and translated 3 works at Kin-khan (Nanking) under the reign of Yuen-ti, A.D. 317–322 and died at the age of eighty in the Hhien-Khan period, A.D. 335–342. The works are ''Mahāhhishekarāddhidhāraṇi-sūtra'', ''Mahāmayūri-Vidyārāgnī'' and in two Fascimulae (Nanjio: ''Catalogue'', ii, 36, pp. 397–98). (Puri, ''Buddhism in Central Asia'', 115n91; see also Nanjio, ''A Catalogue of the Chinese Translation of the Buddhist Tripiṭaka'', appendix 2, no. 36, 397–98. http://www.kanji.zinbun.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~wittern/data/nanjio-catalog.pdf.)u.ac.jp/~wittern/data/nanjio-catalog.pdf.))
Khöndung Asanga Vajra Rinpoche + (༧འཁོན་གདུང་ཨ་སངྒ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་ནི་ས་སྐྱ་ག … ༧འཁོན་གདུང་ཨ་སངྒ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་ནི་ས་སྐྱ་གོང་མའི་གདུང་བརྒྱུད་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཕོ་བྲང་སྐྱབས་མགོན་གོང་མ་འཇིགས་བྲལ་བདག་ཆེན་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ཡི་རིགས་རུས་སུ་འཁྲུངས་པ་དང་ཡུམ་ཕྱོགས་སྔར་འགྱུར་རྙིང་མའི་བླ་མ་སྐྱབས་རྗེ་ཁམས་སྤྲུལ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ཚ་བོ་སུ་འཁྲུངས་ཡོད་པར་ཡིན་ནོ།།His Eminence Khöndung Asanga Vajra Rinpoche is the son of H.E.Khöndung Ani Vajra Sakya Rinpoche, the second son of the Phuntsok Phodrang family and Dagmo Chimey la. He is also the youngest grandson of the His Holiness Jigdal Dagchen Dorjechang Rinpoche and therefore a direct descendant of the unbroken Khön lineage which dates back to 1073. His Eminence is also the grandson of H.E. Garje Khamtrul Rinpoche, a highly realized and accomplished Nyingmapa master on his mother’s side. ([https://www.asangasakya.com/about/ Source Accessed Feb 24, 2022]).com/about/ Source Accessed Feb 24, 2022]))
Thanissaro Bhikkhu + (Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu (Geoffrey DeGraff) is a … Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu (Geoffrey DeGraff) is an American Buddhist monk of the Kammatthana (Thai Forest) Tradition. After graduating from Oberlin College in 1971 with a degree in European Intellectual History, he traveled to Thailand, where he studied meditation under Ajaan Fuang Jotiko, himself a student of the late Ajaan Lee. He ordained in 1976 and lived at Wat Dhammasathit, where he remained following his teacher's death in 1986. In 1991 he traveled to the hills of San Diego County, USA, where he helped Ajaan Suwat Suvaco establish Metta Forest Monastery (Wat Mettavanaram). He was made abbot of the Monastery in 1993. ([https://www.dhammatalks.org/index.html Source Accessed Aug 7, 2020])g/index.html Source Accessed Aug 7, 2020]))
Drukchen, 4th + ("After the death of 'Jam dbyangs chos kyi … "After the death of 'Jam dbyangs chos kyi grags pa (the 3rd Drukchen or Gyalwang Drukpa), monks found the rebirth in the house of a minor aristocrat of Kongpo, to the disappointment of both the families of Rwa lung and Bya. This child, the sprul sku Ngag dbang nor bu, was to be the great Padma dkar po. Padma dkar po was one of those rare renaissance men. The breadth of his scholarship and learning invites comparison with the Fifth Dalai Lama. It was Padma dkar po who systematized the teaching of the 'Brug pa sect. It is no wonder that the 'Brug pa Bka' brgyud pa always refer to him as Kun mkhyen, the Omniscient, an epithet reserved for the greatest scholar of a sect. Padma dkar po was a shrewd and occasionally ruthless politician. His autobiography is one of the most important sources for the history of the sixteenth century. Padma dkar po was a monk and insisted on adherence to the vinaya rules for his monastic followers. He also held that in the administration of church affairs the claims of the rebirth and the monastic scholar took priority over those of the scion of a revered lineage. Although he preached often at both Rwa lung and Bkra shis mthong smon, the seats of his two immediate predecessors, he never exercised actual control over these monasteries and their estates. He founded his monastery at Gsang sngags chos gling in Byar po, north of Mon Rta dbang, which became the seat of the subsequent Rgyal dbang 'Brug pa incarnation." (Gene Smith, ''Among Tibetan Texts'', 81) (Gene Smith, ''Among Tibetan Texts'', 81))
McBride, R. + ('''Biography:''' Richard was raised in Los … '''Biography:'''Richard was raised in Los Angeles, California, and served a mission for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the Korea Pusan Mission from 1988 to 1990. He double majored in Asian Studies and Korean at BYU, graduating in 1993, and later earned a Ph.D. in East Asian Languages and Cultures (with emphasis on Korean and Chinese Buddhism and early Korean History) at UCLA in 2001. He was a Fulbright Senior Researcher at Dongguk University in Korea from 2007 to 2008, He taught in the History Department at BYU-Hawaii from 2008 to 2018. His wife of 17 years, Younghee Yeon McBride, passed away from pancreatic cancer in February 2018. They are the parents of two sons, David and Sean. Prof. McBride began teaching at BYU in the fall 2018 semester.'''Research Interests:'''Prof. McBride has broad research interests. He is interested in and has published broadly on Korean Buddhist literature, particularly Buddhist spells and incantations (dharani and mantra). He is also interested Buddhist narrative literature, such as is found in the Samguk yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms, ca. 1285); traditional historiography, such as the Samguk sagi (compiled in 1146); as well as strange tales and ghost stories, which have long been popular genres for East Asians. Prof. McBride is also a scholar of the history and society of the early Korean state of Silla (ca. 300-935), particularly the hwarang (flower boys) organization. ([https://hum.byu.edu/directory/richard-mcbride-ii Source Accessed Aug 2, 2023])d-mcbride-ii Source Accessed Aug 2, 2023]))
Sangpo, Khetsun + ('''Khetsün Zangpo Rinpoche''' ([[Wyl.]] … '''Khetsün Zangpo Rinpoche''' ([[Wyl.]] ''mkhas btsun bzang po rin po che'') (1920-2009) was born in Central Tibet in 1920 from a patrilineal descent of [[ngakpa]]s. He studied the [[sutra]]s and [[tantra]]s from 1937 to 1949. After which and until 1955 he mainly practised in closed retreat. In 1959 he fled Tibet for India where he first spent two years on retreat. Then he went to Japan to teach for 10 years at the request of Kyabjé [[Dudjom Rinpoche]]. Back in India he became in charge of the [[Library of Tibetan Works and Archives]] in [[Dharamsala]]. He is the author of many volumes of teachings including the outstanding ''Biographical Dictionary of Tibet and Tibetan Buddhism'' in 12 vol.Rinpoche lived at his monastery in Sundarijal in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal, which he established at the request of Kyabjé Dudjom Rinpoché. He passed into [[parinirvana]] on 6th December, 2009.He attended the historic gathering at [[Prapoutel 1990|Prapoutel]] in 1990. ([http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Khetsun_Zangpo_Rinpoche Source Accessed Jun 24, 2015])po_Rinpoche Source Accessed Jun 24, 2015]))
Dewar, T. + ('''Short Biography:''' Mitra Tyl … '''Short Biography:''' Mitra Tyler Dewar met [[Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche]] in 1997, just one year after beginning his journey of practicing the dharma. Through an auspicious coincidence, he learned the Tibetan alphabet that summer and soon after formed the conviction to serve the dharma through translating Tibetan into English. He became a formal student of Rinpoche's in 1998 and began translating for Rinpoche's organizations, Nalandabodhi and Nitartha Institute, in 2000. In 2001 he became the regular translator for Acharya Sherab Gyaltsen Negi at Nalandabodhi Seattle. From that point onward, Tyler has traveled extensively with The Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche on Rinpoche's teaching tours, translating for the Tibetan segments of Rinpoche's teachings and occasionally presenting aspects of Rinpoche's teachings himself. In 2003 Nalandabodhi welcomed Acharya Tashi Wangchuk as a resident teacher; Tyler served as Acharya's oral interpreter and also worked closely with Acharya on the translation of several texts from the philosophical and intuitive traditions of Indian and Tibetan Buddhadharma. Tyler has served as a secretary in the Office of The Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche for the past seven years, and has thus felt enriched by the opportunity to support Rinpoche's teaching activity from many perspectives.In terms of his formative dharma training, Tyler completed two dathuns (month-long intensive meditation retreats) in the late 90s and resided for one year, 1997-1998, at Gampo Abbey Monastery in Nova Scotia, Canada, practicing intensively, participating in several study curricula, and attending lengthy seminars by Ani Pema Chödrön on Mind Training. He has attended Nitartha Institute's summer program since 1999 and has been a faculty member since 2000, translating for such courses as Collected Topics, Abhidharma, Mind Only, and Madhyamaka. He attended his first Nalandabodhi Sangha Retreat in 2001 and has been in attendance ever since.Two books of Tyler's translations have been published by [[Snow Lion Publications]]: [[Trainings in Compassion]]: Manuals on the Meditation of Avalokiteshvara (2004) and [[The Karmapa's Middle Way]]: Feast for the Fortunate (2008), a translation of a major philosophical work by the Ninth Karmapa, Wangchuk Dorje.hical work by the Ninth Karmapa, Wangchuk Dorje.)
Bo dong paN chen phyogs las rnam rgyal + ((Chokle Namgyal) (1376-1451). The twenty-t … (Chokle Namgyal) (1376-1451). The twenty-third abbot of Bo dong E monastery, founded in about 1049 by the Bka' gdams geshe (dge bshes) Mu dra pa chen po, and the founder of the Bo dong tradition. His collected works, said to number thirty-six titles, include his huge encyclopedic work ''De nyid 'dus pa'' ("Compendium of the Principles"); it alone runs to 137 volumes in the incomplete edition published by the Tibet House in Delhi. Phyogs las rnam rgyal (who is sometimes confused with Jo nang pa Phyogs las rnam rgyal who lived some fifty years earlier) was a teacher of Dge 'dun grub (retroactively named the first Dalai Lama) and Mkhas grub Dge legs dpal bzang, both students of Tsong kha pa. Among his disciples was the king of Gung thang, Lha dbang rgyal mtshan (1404–1463), whose daughter Chos kyi sgron me (1422–1455) became a nun after the death of her daughter and then the head of Bsam lding (Samding) monastery, which her father founded for her. The monastery is the only Tibetan monastery whose abbot is traditionally a woman; incarnations are said to be those of the goddess Vajravārāhī (T. Rdo rje phag mo), "Sow-Headed Goddess." (Source: "Bo dong Phyogs las rnam rgyal." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 139. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Zablocki, A. + (<h5>Teaching and Scholarly Interests … <h5>Teaching and Scholarly Interests</h5>Professor Zablocki teaches courses on Buddhism and other Asian religions, as well as the anthropology of religion, religion and theory, and Asian studies (with particular attention to Tibet and South Asia). His research focuses on contemporary globalization of Buddhism and on the transnational transformation of Tibetan religion, culture, and politics.<h5>Professional Activities</h5>Professor Zablocki's essay "The Taiwanese Connection: Politics, Piety, and Patronage in Transnational Tibetan Buddhism" appears in ''Buddhism Between Tibet and China'', Matthew Kapstein, ed. (Wisdom Publications, 2009). He also co-edited (with Nalini Bhushan and Jay Garfield) ''TransBuddhism: Transmission, Translation and Transformation'' (University of Massachusetts Press, 2009); he co-authored the Introduction (with Bhushan) and contributed a chapter entitled "Transnational Tulkus: The Globalization of Tibetan Buddhist Reincarnation." His book, ''Global Mandala: The Transformation of Tibetan Buddhism in Exile'', is forthcoming from University of Hawaii Press. ([https://www.agnesscott.edu/directory/faculty/zablocki-abraham.html Source Accessed Feb 13, 2023])ctory/faculty/zablocki-abraham.html Source Accessed Feb 13, 2023]))
Dbang phyug rin chen + (A disciple of Latö Könchok Khar, he became the abbot of Nering.)
Chogye Trichen, 18th + (A modern Tibetan biography is available on … A modern Tibetan biography is available on [https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=W1KG17214 BDRC W1KG17214 ]: bco brgyad khri chen rin po che'i mdzad rnam mdor bsdus. Edited by Yon tan bzang po (P5949). Kathmandu, Nepal: Sachen International, 2008. His Eminence Chogye Trichen Rinpoche, Ngawang Khyenrab Thupten Lekshe Gyatso, is the most senior Sakya Lama and the head of the Tsar sub-school of Sakya tradition. His Eminence is a renowned tantric master, a dedicated practitioner, an outstanding scholar, an eloquent poet, and embodies the wisdom, spirit and activities of the holy Dharma. His Eminence is a master of masters as most Tibetan Buddhist lineage holders are his disciples. Amongst these disciples are His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, and His Holiness the 41st Sakya Trizin, Ngawang Kunga, and His Eminence is regarded as the definitive authority on Kalacakra Tantra. In addition to His Eminence's stature among Tibetan lamas, the late King Birendra of Nepal awarded His Eminence "Gorkha Dakshin Babu", a tribute which has never been awarded to a Buddhist monk in Nepal before.Born in 1919 in the Tsang province of Central Tibet into the Zhalu Kushang family of the Che clan, a lineage descended from the clear light gods, he was recognized as the reincarnation of the previous Chogye Rinpoche of Nalendra Monastery by the 13th Dalai Lama, Thupten Gyatso. Many auspicious and marveleous signs accompanied His Eminence's birth. His Eminence is the 26th patriarch of Phenpo Nalendra Monastery, North of Lhasa. Founded by Rongton Sheja Kunrig (1367-1449), Nalendra is one of the most important Sakya monasteries in Tibet. Wondrously, each generation of the Kushang family has produced no less than four sons, most of who have served as throne holders of many important monasteries including Nalendra, Zhalu and Ngor.The name "Kushang" meaning 'royal maternal uncle' derived from the fact that many daughters from the family were married to numerous Sakya throne holders, one of whom, Drogon Chagna, was supreme ruler of Tibet, who succeeded Chogyal Phakpa.The name "Chogye" means 'Eighteen' and comes from the time of Khyenrab Choje, the 8th abbot of Nalendra who also belonged to the aristocratic Kushang family. Khyenrab Choje, a great teacher possessing the direct lineage of Kalacakra received from Vajrayogini, was invited to be the abbot of Nalendra by Sakya Trizin Dagchen Lodro Gyaltsen (1444-1495). Khyenrab Choje visited the Emperor of China who was greatly impressed by the tantric scholar from Tibet and bestowed on him 'eighteen' precious gifts. From Khyenrab Choje the lineage of Chogye Rinpoches began.At the age of twelve His Eminence was officially enthroned at the Phenpo Nalendra Monastery. In these early years he studied intensively all the basic liturgies and rituals of Nalendra Monastery. His two main root Gurus were the 4th Zimwog Tulku, Ngawang Tenzin Thrinley Norbu Palzangpo, the other main incarnate lama of Nalendra Monastery, and Dampa Rinpoche Shenphen Nyingpo of Ngor Ewam. From these two great teachers His Eminence recieved all the major and minor teachings of Sakya such as the two Lamdre Traditions, the Greater and Lesser Mahakalas, the Four Tantras, the Thirteen Golden Dharmas, Kalacakra, etc. His Eminence completed extensive studies in all major fields of study taught in Lord Buddha's teachings. His Eminence becomes a master in both Sutrayana and Mantrayana teachings. His Eminence is also a great scholar of literature, poetry, history and Buddhist metaphysics and a highly accomplished poet. ([https://www.yuloling.com/khacho-yulo-ling/spiritual-leaders/his-eminence-chogye-trichen-rinpoche.html Source Accessed June 16, 2020])poche.html Source Accessed June 16, 2020]))
Appey, Khenchen + (A more detailed biography is available her … A more detailed biography is available here: https://www.khenpoappey.org/en/khenpo-appey-rinpocheand here: http://internationalbuddhistacademy.org/biography-of-our-founder-khenchen-appey-rinpoche/<big>'''An Introduction to Khenpo Appey Foundation'''</big> Khenpo Appey Foundation (KAF) was established in 2010 to honor the most Venerable Khenchen Appey Rinpoche (1927-2010), an eminent, recognized, and humble Tibetan Buddhist scholar and practitioner who dedicated his life exclusively to the propagation of the Buddhadharma. The foundation was established by Mdm Doreen Goh, a devoted follower and sponsor of Khenchen Appey Rinpoche. Inspired by Khenchen Appey Rinpoche’s vision, KAF is a non-profit organization dedicated to the support and enhancement of Buddhist study and practice. KAF’s primary aim is to extend the Buddha’s wisdom and compassion as widely as possible, in order to benefit all beings.<big>'''Short Biography'''</big> Khenpo Appey was born in Kusé in the kingdom of Dergé in 1927. He studied at Serjong Monastery and later at the Kham-jé shedra at Dzongsar Monastery.At the age of nine he became a monk at Serjong Monastery, where a year later he received his first teachings from Gapa Khenpo Jamgyal, also known as Khenpo Jamyang Gyaltsen.For nine years, from the age of 14 to 23, at Serjong Shedra, Khenpo Appey studied ‘the thirteen classical texts’ based on Khenpo Shenga’s famous annotation commentaries. During his last two years at the shedra he studied with Khenpo Dragyab Lodrö who later became the fifth khenpo at Dzongsar Shedra and wrote a commentary on the ninth chapter of the Bodhicharyavatara. After his nine years of intensive study at Serjong Shedra, Khenpo Appey went to the shedra at Dzongsar Monastery, where he was able to continue his studies under Khenpo Dragyab Lodrö for another year. He also studied with Dezhung Ajam Rinpoche.He went to see Jamyang Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö in Sikkim in 1957. He then returned to Tibet and spent time at Ngor Monastery, but left in 1959 when Tibet was lost. He went to see Jamyang Khyentse who was ill in Sikkim. After Jamyang Khyentse passed away, in accordance with his final wishes, he began to teach Sogyal Rinpoche, giving him instruction on the Bodhicharyavatara in the Palace Monastery in the presence of Jamyang Khyentse's kudung.Later, while Sogyal Rinpoche was attending school in Kalimpong, Khenpo Appey spent one or two years in retreat in a small village in Sikkim. He was later requested to tutor Dzongsar Khyentse Rinpoche. For this purpose, he founded the Sakya College in Barlow Ganj, Mussoorie, on 19th December 1972, the anniversary of Sakya Pandita. In the first year, there were only seven students. Dzongsar Khyentse Rinpoche studied there for five years. From 1972 to 1985, Khenpo Appey worked full time to look after the college and was responsible for teachings the classes, supervising the administration and raising funds.In 2001 he established the International Buddhist Academy in Boudhanath, Nepal. He passed away in Nepal on Tuesday 28th December, 2010.Source: [http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Khenpo_Appey Rigpawiki]10. Source: [http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Khenpo_Appey Rigpawiki])
Zhechen Gyaltsab, 4th + (A remarkable master who lived at the end o … A remarkable master who lived at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century. He wrote ''The Great Medicine That Conquers Clinging to the Notion of Reality'' (''Byang chub kyi sems bsgom pa'i rim pa bdag 'dzin 'joms pa'i sman chen''). He was a disciple of the greatest luminaries of the nineteenth century, including Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, Jamgön Kongtrul Lodrö Thaye, and Lama Mipam Rinpoche.trul Lodrö Thaye, and Lama Mipam Rinpoche.)
Dpyi sa blo gros rgya mtsho + (A renowned scholar born in Chisa in the Am … A renowned scholar born in Chisa in the Amdo Rebgong region. A student of Dzong Ngon Lodoe Tshang, Tsang Geshe Tshang, Zhwamar Pandita, Jampa Lobsang, Dzoge Lobsang Gyatsho, Horchen Yeshe Gyatsho, etc. He was an important holder of Tsongkhapa's transmission of the Whisper Lineage (''snyan rgyud''). His primary students were Tulku Jamyang Thinle Wangpo, Dzongkar Jigme Sherab Dagpa, Tulku Jigme Thinle Lhundup, Nangso Kukey, and Khaso Chogtrul.Lhundup, Nangso Kukey, and Khaso Chogtrul.)
Sihlé, N. + (A social anthropologist by training (PhD P … A social anthropologist by training (PhD Paris-Nanterre University 2001), Nicolas Sihlé first taught at the Department of anthropology at the University of Virginia (USA) from 2002 to 2010, before joining the Centre for Himalayan Studies. He is a specialist of Tibetan society and religion, and of Buddhist societies more generally. His work focuses in particular on religious specialists called tantrists (''ngakpa''), key figures of the non-monastic side of Tibetan Buddhism, generally characterized by their practice of tantric rituals involving occasionally strong ritual power and even ritual violence, as in violent exorcisms. He has carried out extended fieldwork in the Mustang district (northern Nepal) as well as in the Repkong district in northeast Tibet (Amdo/Qinghai), but also shorter periods of research in Ladakh (northern India), Dolpo (NW Nepal), Nyemo (central Tibet), and Bhutan.His first book, based on ethnographic fieldwork carried out in culturally Tibetan areas in the north of Nepal, appeared in 2013, under the title ''Rituels bouddhiques de pouvoir et de violence : La figure du tantriste tibétain'' [Buddhist rituals of power and violence: The figure of the Tibetan tantrist]. It analyzed the striking features of this type of Buddhist specialist: a highly ritualistic orientation (with a strong magical component); the practice of tantric rituals involving strong ritual power and even ritual violence (which shows here, comparatively speaking, quite a paradoxical centrality in a Buddhist context); the association between ritual legitimacy and power on the one hand and hereditary lineage on the other; and the relative absence of references to renunciation. The analysis of the monk vs. tantrist duality is more broadly relevant for thinking about religious fields that are organized around values such as ritual power/violence vs. ritual/ethical purity. This work has also involved thinking about written texts (such as a local corpus of manual rituals) as objects in need of a fully ethnographic analysis that takes into account their materiality, their partaking in a social and political economy, but also their particular status, at the juncture between a local universe of meanings and practices and a wider (e.g., Buddhist or Tibetan) cultural world.His current major research project focuses on the large communities of Buddhist and Bönpo tantrists of the Repkong district in northeast Tibet (Chinese Qinghai province), where is has been conducting fieldwork since 2003. The focus is here (i) on very large-scale collective rituals and their place, among others, in the constitution of supra-local collectivities and the negotiation of identities, as well as (ii) on the vicissitudes of the religious sphere, and in particular of ritual, in the context of the transformations of the moral, intellectual, social and political universe of post-Mao Amdo.These projects all contribute to a comparative anthropology of Buddhism—a major emphasis in his research activity. He is thus involved for instance in the coordination of a network of scholars (with several years of workshops and seminars) engaging in the comparative anthropology of Buddhism. In this context, he has co-edited a special issue on the Buddhist gift (''Religion Compass'' 2015).He is also the main editor of the collective research blog ''The Himalayas and Beyond'' (http://himalayas.hypotheses.org/). ([https://himalaya.cnrs.fr/spip3/spip.php?article135&lang=en Source Accessed Nov 14, 2023])135&lang=en Source Accessed Nov 14, 2023]))
Gro ston kun dga' rgyal mtshan + (A student of Chim Lobzang Drakpa and Zhönu Senge. A teacher of Nyendrak Zangpo, Khenchen Drupa Sherap, Nyakpuwa Sönam Wangchuk, Ritröpa Sönam Gyatso, and Tsongkhapa Lobzang Drakpa.)
Glag bla bsod nams chos 'grub + (A student of Jamgön Kongtrul, Patrul Rinpoche, Mipam Gyatso, etc. A teacher of Mewa Khenchen Sönam Gönpo.)
Dka' bzhi pa grags pa gzhon nu + (A student of Khenpo Drakpa Bum, Khenchen D … A student of Khenpo Drakpa Bum, Khenchen Dewa Pal, Lopön Tukjé Palzang, Lopön Chöden Palzang, etc. A teacher of Joden Khenpo Sönam Drakpa, Butön Rinchen Drup, Zhangtön Sönam Drak, etc. Kadam master; important figure in the transmission lineage of both the kha che tradition of the vinaya and the gzhung pa transmission of the lam rim. ([https://library.bdrc.io/show/bdr:P2130 Source Accessed Feb 8, 2023])ow/bdr:P2130 Source Accessed Feb 8, 2023]))
Dkyil khang mkhan zur blo bzang sbyin pa + (A student of Tenpai Nyima and Ngakchen Palden Drakpa. A teacher of Sengchen Lobzang Tenzin Paljor, Lachiwa Lobzang Chökyi Gyatso, and Lhachö Khentri Drupwang Tulku Lobzang Tsöndru Gyatso.)
Sde dge mkhan po bsam gtan blo gros + (A teacher of Ngawang Puntsok Döndrup and The Second Dzongsar Khyentse, Jamyang Chökyi Lodrö.)
Dpa' ris blo bzang rab gsal + (A well known scholar of the Dge lugs tradi … A well known scholar of the Dge lugs tradition from Bla brang bkra' shis 'khil in Amdo. The place of his birth was Dpa' ri. He was a teacher of the 13th Dalai Lama and a close friend of the Zhwa dmar pa. He famously criticized Mipam Rinpoche's commentary to the ninth chapter of the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'', ''The Ketaka Gem'' (''Nor bu ke ta ka''). ''The Ketaka Gem'' (''Nor bu ke ta ka'').)
O'Sullivan, A. + (Adrian O'Sullivan has been a student of La … Adrian O'Sullivan has been a student of Lama Jampa Thaye for over two decades and is a director of the Sakya Samten Ling Buddhist centre in Santa Monica, California. His previous translations include Tsarchen Losal Gyamtso's ''Opening the Door to Precious Accomplishments'' (2005), ''Telescope of Wisdom'' (2009) and ''The Lamp that Dispels Darkness'' (2013), the latter two being translations of commentaries composed by the great Sakya and Karma Kagyu master Karma Thinley Rinpoche. ([https://www.amazon.com/Bodhicaryavatara-Commentary-Acarya-Santideva/dp/1733556001 Source Accessed Jan 8, 2021])p/1733556001 Source Accessed Jan 8, 2021]))
Trisoglio, A. + (Alex is an executive coach and life coach … Alex is an executive coach and life coach to senior business executives, including two CEOs of Fortune 500 companies, as well as movie stars and rock musicians. He also serves the global Performance Leadership practice at McKinsey & Company, helping the world’s leading companies build performance cultures that are aligned with their strategic objectives, and coaching executives and managers through personal transformations that support business goals and also bring greater meaning and purpose to their lives. He is currently serving clients on four continents. Alex was formerly a Professor of Business Administration in London and Copenhagen, teaching leadership on MBA programs. He holds a Ph.D. in Strategy and Organizational Behaviour from London University and an M.A. in Theoretical Physics from Cambridge University. He has been awarded a Natwest Fellowship to the London Business School and a Fulbright Fellowship to the Harvard Business School. Alex has transcribed and edited Khyentse Rinpoche’s Madhyamakavatara teachings given in France from 1996-2000, and organized them into Khyentse Foundation’s first publication, the Madhyamakavatara Commentary. He is now editing Rinpoche’s cycle of ''Uttaratantra'' teachings. Alex serves as a teaching assistant at select Khyentse Rinpoche teachings. (Source: [https://khyentsefoundation.org/project/alex-trisoglio/ Khyentse Foundation])/project/alex-trisoglio/ Khyentse Foundation]))
Yiannopoulos, A. + (Alexander holds a dual BA in Linguistics a … Alexander holds a dual BA in Linguistics and Philosophy from Boston College, an MA in Buddhist Philosophy and Himalayan Languages from the Rangjung Yeshe Institute at Kathmandu University in Boudhanath, Nepal, and a PhD in Religion from Emory University completed under Drs. Sara McClintock and John Dunne. He has been studying and practicing Buddhadharma since 2005, when he took refuge under the Bodhi Tree with Chökyi Nyima Rinpoche during a semester spent studying abroad in Nepal. After graduating ''magna cum laude'' from Boston College, he returned to Kathmandu on his first Fulbright research fellowship. Alexander remained in Nepal for the next six years, studying the foundational texts of Tibetan Buddhist scholastic philosophy. During that time, apart from his formal studies at RYI, he was also fortunate to receive teaching and empowerment from the lamas of Ka-Nying Shedrub Ling, as well as many other teachers, including Khenchen Thrangu Rinpoche, Kyabgon Gongma Trichen Rinpoche, and Lama Tsering Wangdu Rinpoche. During his second Fulbright research fellowship in Sarnath, India, Alexander was similarly fortunate to receive instruction in Sanskrit Buddhist philosophy from Drs. Ram Shankar Tripathi and Pradeep Gokhale.To date, Alexander’s research has focused primarily on “luminosity” (''’od gsal'' or ''gsal ba'') as this key term is presented in Indian Buddhist epistemological literature. His Master’s thesis translates and examines a pithy presentation of luminosity by Ratnākaraśānti, also known as the Mahāsiddha Śāntipa, who was a teacher of Maitripāda and one of four debate-masters at Vikramaśīla Mahāvihāra. Alexander’s doctoral dissertation, a partial translation and commentary on the Perception Chapter of Dharmakīrti’s ''Pramāṇavārttika'', places a particular emphasis on the closely-related technical term 'reflexive awareness" (''rang rig'') as this term is developed in Dharmakīrti’s epistemology.Alexander lives in his hometown of New Orleans, where he enjoys walks along the Mississippi with his wife and their two sons. ([https://www.khyentsevision.org/team/alexander-yiannopoulos/ Source Accessed June 5, 2023])alexander-yiannopoulos/ Source Accessed June 5, 2023]))
Holmes-Tagchungdarpa, A. + (Amy Holmes-Tagchungdarpa is an associate p … Amy Holmes-Tagchungdarpa is an associate professor in the Department of Religious Studies at Occidental College. She is the author of ''The Social Life of Tibetan Biography: Textuality, Community, and Authority in the Lineage of Tokden Shakya Shri'' (Lexington, 2014), which explores the trans-Himalayan lineage of Tokden Sakya Sri that spanned communities in eastern Tibet, western China, Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal, Ladakh, and beyond. Her current research focuses on Buddhism, book culture, language, and community formation across the Himalayas. (Source: ''A Gathering of Brilliant Moons'', 329): ''A Gathering of Brilliant Moons'', 329))
Karma phrin las pa + (An important master of the Dakpo Kagyu tra … An important master of the Dakpo Kagyu tradition. He was a student of the Seventh Karmapa and a teacher to the Eighth Karmapa and the Second Pawo Rinpoche. An immanent scholar, he wrote works on both sūtra and tantra, as well as an acclaimed commentary on the three cycles of doha of the famed Indian master Saraha.of doha of the famed Indian master Saraha.)
Chaudhary, A. + (Angraj Chaudhary was appointed Professor o … Angraj Chaudhary was appointed Professor of Pāli at the Nava Nalanda Mahavihara University in the Indian State of Bihar in 1980. Besides teaching English and Pāli, the professor carried out research and editing work, and guided MA, PhD, and D. Litt students in their research. Soon after retirement from Bihar Education Service in 1992 the professor joined Vipassana Research Institute at Dhamma Giri, established by our late Vipassana Teacher S.N. Goenka.Based at Dhamma Giri, the professor has worked on editing Pāli books and translating some of the Pāli atthakathas, or commentaries, (written 1500 year ago but not translated into any other language) into Hindi for the first time. The Professor has also transliterated some of the Pāli atthakathas into Devanagari script and he was one of the editors who edited the Pāli Tipiṭaka with its atthakathas, tikas (sub-commentaries), and anutikas in Devanagari script in 140 volumes for the first time-a Himalayan task never undertaken anywhere in the whole world.From the various books he published, mostly on different aspects of Buddhist philosophy and Pāli literature, the Pariyatti Edition ''Aspects of Buddha-Dhamma'' is his latest. ([https://store.pariyatti.org/chaudhary-angraj?_gl=1*1d2aaft*_gcl_au*MTM4NDI0NDg2MC4xNzAwMDkzNDE3 Source Accessed Nov 15, 2023])zAwMDkzNDE3 Source Accessed Nov 15, 2023]))
Palmo, L. + (Ani Lodrō Palmo was one of the most senior … Ani Lodrō Palmo was one of the most senior and earliest Tibetan Buddhist nuns from the West. She was born and grew up in Vermont, USA, and went to India in the early 1960’s with a strong calling to serve humanity in the Peace Corps. While there she met one of the greatest lamas of the Kagyu tradition, Kyabje Khamtrul Rinpoche, and took her monastic vows with him. Since then she lived mainly in the East studying and practicing all the major traditions of Tibetan Buddhism, particularly under the guidance of Kyabje Khamtrul Rinpoche and Kyabje Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche. She received many empowerments and teachings from other lamas such as the 16th Gyalwang Karmapa, Kyabje Dudjom Rinpoche, Kyabje Dodrupchen Rinpoche, Kyabje Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, Kyabje Chatral Rinpoche, Kyabje Khunu Rinpoche, Kyabgon Sakya Gongma Rinpoche, along with many of the younger generation of Tibetan teachers. Ani la studied and practiced the Vajrayana dharma for almost sixty years and much of this time she spent in retreat. She possessed immense humility as a practitioner and was incredibility devoted, clear, and dedicated to the path of enlightenment. She also was a fierce advocate for social justice, the environment, and political democracy and equality for all. She held these values dear to her heart and expressed them candidly to us all. ([https://www.facebook.com/dzigarkongtrul/posts/dear-noble-sangha-around-the-worldas-many-of-you-know-ani-lodro-palmo-one-of-the/10156946147553143/ Adapted from Source July 25, 2023])53143/ Adapted from Source July 25, 2023]))
Chodron, Karma Migme + (Ani Migme as she was known to anyone who m … Ani Migme as she was known to anyone who met her during her long tenure at Gampo Abbey for many she embodied what it was to be a western Buddhist monastic. Her commitment to monasticism was unwavering and her influence on life at Gampo Abbey was all pervasive. In 2008 a short biography and interview with Ani Migme The Fortunate Life of Ani Migme was included in the Abbey’s newsletter The Lionsroar. https://gampoabbey.org/files/2016/10/Ani-Migme-a-Fortunate-Life.pdf.In addition to her unwavering commitment to the monastic tradition Migme Chödrön worked tirelessly to make the dharma available to others through her work as a transcriber, editor and translator of Buddhist teachings. Gampo Abbey has had the privilege to host many prominent Buddhist teachers over the years most of whom would give teachings to the community. Ani Migme transcribed and edited all of these teachings which amounted to dozens of talks, most in the early years were done with a manual typewriter. Many of these talks became the basis for some of the earliest published teachings of their kind available to western students including Acharya Pema Chödrön’s first book. In later years working in conjunction with Lodro Sangpo under the mandate of the Chökyi Gyatso Translation Committee, Ani Migme translated many scholarly Buddhist texts from French into English. For more details on her translation work visit [https://www.kccl.ca/committees-projects-2/ the Karma Changchub Ling website].Gelongma Migme Chödrön has produced translations of the following texts:Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra. Translated by Étienne Lamotte. Vijñaptimātratāsiddhi. Translated by Louis de La Vallée Poussin. Mahāyānasaṃgraha. Translated by Étienne Lamotte. Les Sectes Bouddhiques du Petit Véhicule. By André Bareau. La Saveur de l’Immortel (Amṛtarasa). Translated by Van den Broeck. Vie et chants de ‘Brug-pa Kun-legs le yogin (The Life and Songs of Drugpa Kunlegs). Translated by R.A. Stein. (Note that Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche was said to be an incarnation of Drugpa Kunlegs, who was known as the Madman of Bhutan.)n incarnation of Drugpa Kunlegs, who was known as the Madman of Bhutan.))
Aśoka + (Aśoka. (P. Asoka; T. Mya ngan med; C. Ayu … Aśoka. (P. Asoka; T. Mya ngan med; C. Ayu wang; J. Aiku ō; K. Ayuk wang 阿育王) (c. 300-232 BCE; r. c. 268-232 BCE). Indian Mauryan emperor and celebrated patron of Buddhism; also known as Dharmāśoka. Son of Bindusāra and grandson of Candragupta, Aśoka was the third king of the Mauryan dynasty. Aśoka left numerous inscriptions recording his edicts and proclamations to the subjects of his realm. In these inscriptions, Aśoka is referred to as Devānām Priyaḥ, "beloved of the gods." These inscriptions comprise one of the earliest bodies of writing as yet deciphered from the Indian subcontinent. His edicts have been found inscribed on boulders, on stone pillars, and in caves and are widely distributed from northern Pakistan in the west, across the Gangetic plain to Bengal in the east, to near Chennai in South India. The inscriptions are ethical and religious in content, with some describing how Aśoka turned to the dharma after subjugating the territory of Kaliṅga (in the Coastal region of modern Andhra Pradesh) in a bloody war. In his own words, Aśoka states that the bloodshed of that campaign caused him remorse and taught him that rule by dharma, or righteousness, is superior to rule by mere force of arms. While the Buddha, dharma, and saṃgha are extolled and Buddhist texts are mentioned in the edicts, the dharma that Aśoka promulgated was neither sectarian nor even specifically Buddhist, but a general code of administrative, public, and private ethics suitable for a multireligious and multiethnic polity. It is clear that Aśoka saw this code of ethics as a diplomatic tool as well, in that hedispatched embassies to neighboring states in an effort to establish dharma as the basis for international relations. The edicts were not translated until the nineteenth century, however, andtherefore played little role in the Buddhist view of Aśoka, which derives instead from a variety of legends told about the emperor. The legend of Aśoka is recounted in the Sanskrit Divyāvadāna, in the Pāli chronicles of Sri Lanka, Dīpavaṃsa and Mahāvaṃsa, and in the Pāli commentaries, particularly theSamantapāsādikā. Particularly in Pāli materials, Aśoka is portrayed as a staunch sectarian and exclusive patron of the Pāli tradition. The inscriptional evidence, as noted above, does not support that claim. In the Mahāvaṃsa, for example, Aśoka is said to have been converted to Theravāda Buddhism by thenovice Nigrodha, after which he purifies the Buddhist saṃgha by purging it of non-Theravāda heretics. He then sponsors the convention of the third Buddhist council (samgītī) under the presidency of Moggaliputtatissa, an entirely Theravāda affair. Recalling perhaps the historical Aśoka's diplomatic missions, the legend recounts how, after the council, Moggaliputtatissa dispatched Theravāda missions,comprised of monks, to nine adjacent lands for the purpose of propagating the religion, including Aśoka's son (Mahinda) and daughter (Saṅghamittā) to Sri Lanka. In Sri Lanka, where the legend appears to have originated, and in the Theravāda countries of Southeast Asia, the Pāli account of King Aśoka was adopted as one of the main paradigms of Buddhist kingship and models of ideal governance and proper saṃgha-state relations. A different set of legends, which do not recount the conversionof Sri Lanka, appears in Sanskrit sources, most notably, the Aśokāvadāna. (Source: "Aśoka." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 70–71. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Bardor Rinpoche, 3rd + (Bardor Tulku Rinpoche was born in 1949 in … Bardor Tulku Rinpoche was born in 1949 in Kham, East Tibet. At a very early age, he was recognized by His Holiness the 16th Gyalwang Karmapa as the third incarnation of Terchen Barway Dorje.When Rinpoche was a small child, with his family and his Dharma tutor he maintained a nomadic life style. Rinpoche was six when he left East Tibet in the company of his grandparents on a journey that took him first to Lhasa, then Tsurphu, and finally to Drikung where Rinpoche was to remain for a couple of years at the home of his grandparents.After Rinpoche’s grandparents passed away, his parents and siblings joined him in Drikung. When the political and social conditions in Tibet worsened as a result of the Chinese Communist occupation, Rinpoche and his family—initially a party of thirteen—set out toward India over the Himalayas along with many other Tibetans who were also fleeing the fighting.They traveled through Kongpo to Pema Ku. In Pema Ku, at the border of Tibet and India, as a result of the arduous journey, all Rinpoche’s family members died. When Rinpoche’s father—the last member of his family—died, Rinpoche left Pema Ku and continued on toward Assam with other refugees.At the township known as Bomdila, where the borders of Tibet, Bhutan, and India meet, a bombing raid dispersed the group. Rinpoche and a young friend fled the attack and traveled westward, along the border of Bhutan and India, to Siliguri and eventually to Darjeeling. When they arrived in Darjeeling, His Holiness the 16th Karmapa was notified that Rinpoche had safely made his way out of Tibet. Filled with joy at the good news, His Holiness arranged for Rinpoche to be brought to Sikkim, and for Rinpoche’s friend to be taken care of.Bardor Tulku Rinpoche was enthroned as a tulku at Rumtek Monastery when he was in his teens. It was also at Rumtek Monastery, under the tutelage of His Holiness the 16th Karmapa, that Rinpoche’s formal training took place.After completing many years of study and practice, Bardor Tulku Rinpoche accompanied the 16th Karmapa on his world tours in 1974 and 1976. In 1977, His Holiness asked Rinpoche to remain in Woodstock, New York, at Karma Triyana Dharmachakra (KTD). During his first two years at KTD, Rinpoche worked side-by-side with the staff to renovate and winterize the house and prepare for the last visit of His Holiness the Sixteenth Karmapa to the West. During that last visit, in 1980, His Holiness directed that his monastery and seat in North America be established at KTD, and he performed the formal investiture. After the groundbreaking ceremony in May of 1982, Bardor Rinpoche directed the construction activities and labored each day to build the monastery. When the construction of the shrine building was essentially completed in early 1990s, he assumed responsibilities as a teacher at KTD and its affiliate Karma Thegsum Chöling centers (KTCs).In 2000, with a blessing from His Holiness the 17th Karmapa and His Eminence the 12th Tai Situ Rinpoche, Bardor Tulku Rinpoche established Raktrul Foundation in order to help rebuild the Raktrul Monastery in Tibet and provide educational facilities for monks and the lay community. In 2003, Rinpoche established Kunzang Palchen Ling (KPL), a Tibetan Buddhist Center in Red Hook, New York. Based on nonsectarian principles, KPL offers Dharma teachings from all traditions of Tibetan Buddhism and serves as a base for preserving and bringing to the West the terma teachings of Terchen Barway Dorje.After working tirelessly for thirty-one years with the Venerable Khenpo Karthar Rinpoche, the abbot of KTD, to firmly establish KTD and its affiliates in the United States, in October 2008, Bardor Tulku Rinpoche resigned from all his responsibilities at KTD. In August 2009, the KTD Board of Trustees issued an appreciation letter acknowledging Bardor Tulku Rinpoche’s role in the establishment KTD and its affiliates in North America.Since he left KTD, Bardor Tulku Rinpoche has been directing the activities of Kunzang Palchen Ling, guiding Palchen Study Groups nationwide, overseeing translation projects of terma texts of Terchen Barway Dorje and the construction of the new facility at Kunzang Palchen Ling that is an implementation of his vision for KPL. Rinpoche also serves as an adviser for Dharma TV, an online Buddhist television project. [http://www.kunzang.org/biography/ Source Kunzang.org, Accessed January 27, 2022.]e Kunzang.org, Accessed January 27, 2022.])
Brauen, Sonam + (Born in 1953, Sonam Dolma Brauen spent the … Born in 1953, Sonam Dolma Brauen spent the first six years of her life in Tibet. Due to the Chinese occupation of Tibet, she fled across the Himalayan mountains with her family to India in 1959. From the age of seven, Sonam joined her mother in working in road construction to support their family. She began attending school for the first time at age 13, learning English and basic studies at an English Medium School in India. At the age of 19, Sonam and her mother emigrated to Switzerland, where she married Swiss anthropologist and curator Martin Brauen. They have two children.Sonam began her training in 1990, studying at Art School Bern with Arthur Freuler, Leopold Schropp, Mariann Bissegger, and most significantly, Serge Fausto Sommer. The majority of her paintings are abstract. They are illusory appearances following the Buddhist belief that all appearance is ultimately illusory.After moving to New York City in 2008, where she lived for four years, she began working more with installations using materials and objects like used monk robes from Asia, plaster, empty amunition shells. Provocative works utilize teeth and used ammunition in pieces that comment on contemporary society.Her installations express ongoing themes that preoccupy her: Machoism and its relation to power, money and war; and the political situation in her home country Tibet. Her work has been shown worldwide alongside artists such as Bill Viola and Zhang Huan, Jenny Holzer, Kiki Smith and Robert Longo among others. ([https://www.sonambrauen.net/bio Source Accessed Oct. 31, 2023])en.net/bio Source Accessed Oct. 31, 2023]))
Dakpa Senge, CIHTS Khenpo + (Born in 1974, he joined the main Sakya Mon … Born in 1974, he joined the main Sakya Monastery in North India as a young boy and learned prayers and rituals. He also received empowerments, teachings, and training in the sūtra and tantric teachings in the Sakya tradition. In 1991, he joined Sakya College in Dehradun and pursued higher education in Buddhist Studies, after which he taught in the same college for some years. In 2002, according to the wishes of H.H. Sakya Trichen Rinpoche, he was appointed as the Sakya lecturer in the Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies. He has served there as a lecturer for over 22 years and was conferred the Khenpo title by H.H. Sakya Trichen and his sons. He has regularly participated in conferences and seminars and has written articles on the wheel of Dharma, Sakya meditation practice, store consciousness, the luminous nature of the mind, the two truths, the view and Middle Way theory in the Sakya tradition, lower and higher abhidharma, bodhicitta, the twelve links of dependent origination, the four tenet systems, etc. origination, the four tenet systems, etc.)
Ngawang Tsesang, Ganden Shartse Geshe + (Born in 1979 in Khyungpo Tengchen, he beca … Born in 1979 in Khyungpo Tengchen, he became a monk at the age of eight under Lamrim Lama Pema Dorje and joined Dilgo Samtenling Monastery, where he studied reading, writing, prayers, and rituals. In 1996, he arrived in India and joined Ganden Shartse College. He finished his study of the five great treatises and in 2012 sat for the series of Grand Geluk Examinations. In 2018, he finished the course with the final defense for Lharam Geshe at the Grand Prayer Festival. After this, he undertook tantric studies at Gyuto Monastery and in 2019 he served on the Academic Council of Ganden Shartse. He currently teaches at Ganden Shartse and is also undertaking research on the Middle Way under the International Geluk Commission. under the International Geluk Commission.)
Dawa Zangpo, Jonang Lopon + (Born in 1998 in Mang village in the Mukhum … Born in 1998 in Mang village in the Mukhum region of Nepal, he joined Jonang Ngedon Takten Shedrup Chokhorling in Parping after meeting Tashi Gyaltsen Rinpoche in 2006. He learned reading, writing, grammar, rituals, and how to play musical instruments. In 2010, he started learning logic and epistemology under Khenpo Ngawang Rinchen Gyatso and Geshe Drime Ozer and received novice ordination from Khentrul Chokyi Nangwa and full monastic ordination from Chogtrul Jamyang Jinpa. In 2016, he received further education in Buddhist literature, including the five great treatises, from Khenpo Ngawang Gedun Gyatso, and he completed his higher Buddhist education in 2022 and received the Lopen title in first rank. He currently serves as an assistant lecturer at Jonang Monastery in Parping.t lecturer at Jonang Monastery in Parping.)
Isaacson, H. + (Born in Kuma, Japan, in 1965, Harunaga Isa … Born in Kuma, Japan, in 1965, Harunaga Isaacson studied philosophy and Indology at the University of Groningen (MA 1990), and was awarded a PhD in Sanskrit by the University of Leiden (1995). After holding teaching positions at Hamburg University and the University of Pennsylvania, he was appointed Professor of Classical Indology in the Department of Indian and Tibetan Studies, Asien-Afrika-Institut, Hamburg University, in April 2006.His main research areas are: tantric traditions in pre-13th century South Asia, especially Vajrayāna Buddhism; classical Sanskrit poetry; classical Indian philosophy; and Purāṇic literature.He received major honours, including in 2015 the Ratnākara Grant of the Khyentse Foundation (a newly initiated grant aimed at supporting the academic development of Buddhist Studies in Thailand); in 2011 elected ordentliches Mitglied (full member) of the Akademie der Wissenschaften in Hamburg; in 2010 elected member of the Istituto Italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente (IsIAO), Rome, Italy.Prof. Isaacson is a member of the Board of Advisors of the International PhD Programme in Buddhist Studies, Mahidol University; member of the Editorial Advisory Board of Brill’s Encyclopedia of Buddhism; Chief Editor, together with Dramdul and Helmut Krasser, of Sanskrit Texts from the Tibetan Autonomous Region; external consultant of the AHRC funded project “The intellectual and religious traditions of South Asia as seen through the Sanskrit manuscript collections of the University Library, Cambridge”, 2011–2014; member of the Vorstand (Board of Directors) of the Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures = Sonderforschungsbereich 950, Manuskriptkulturen in Asien, Afrika und Europa, July 2011–June 2015; Chief Editor, together with Prof. Michael Friedrich and Prof. Jörg Quenzer, of the Encyclopedia of Manuscript Cultures in Asia and Africa (forthcoming from de Gruyter); Editor, together with Prof. Michael Friedrich and Prof. Jörg Quenzer, of Studies in Manuscript Cultures (published by de Gruyter; ﬁrst volume released in 2011, three volumes released to date); Co-Editor, with Prof. Francesco Sferra, of Manuscripta Buddhica, a new subseries of the Serie Orientale Roma (ﬁrst volume appeared in 2009); Editor of the Publications of the Nepal Research Centre; Director of the Nepal Research Centre, 2006–2014; General Director of the Nepalese-German Manuscript Cataloguing Project (longterm project funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft), 2006–2014; Contributor to the Tāntrikābhidhānakośa, ‘A Hindu Tantric Dictionary’, a project of the Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Wien); Member of the Editorial Board of the Groningen Oriental Studies; Member of the Advisory Board of Indo-Iranian Journal; Reader for Princeton University Press, the Journal of the American Oriental Society, the Journal of Indian Philosophy, the Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies/Indogaku Bukkyōgaku Kenkyū, the Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, and others; President of the Oriental Club of Philadelphia, 2003‒2004. ([https://www.tantric-studies.uni-hamburg.de/en/people/isaacson.html Source Accessed July 11, 2023])acson.html Source Accessed July 11, 2023]))
Lhakpa Yeshi, Benchen Khenpo + (Born in Nubri, the sacred land blessed by … Born in Nubri, the sacred land blessed by Milarepa and many other saints, in the Gorkha region of Nepal in 1992, he spent his early youth at home. In 2001, he had the opportunity to join Benchen Monastery near Bouddha and study under Sangay Nyenpa Rinpoche and Tenga Rinpoche. He received monastic ordination from H.H. Tenga Rinpoche and started his education, including reading, writing, grammar, Buddhist teachings in general, and the Marpa Kagyu tradition in particular. In 2007, he joined Benchen College, which was newly established, and became a part of the first cohort and undertook education in Buddhist literature, including the five great treatises, history, language, etc. He finished his education in 2018 and currently serves as a lecturer at the monastic college.ves as a lecturer at the monastic college.)
Sherab Phuntsho, Thrangu Khenpo + (Born in Nyeshang Drakar, as a young boy he … Born in Nyeshang Drakar, as a young boy he joined Trangu Tashiling monastery near Bouddha and became a monk. For four years, he learnt prayers, rituals, making of tormas and butter sculpture, and playing musical instruments. In 1996, he joined the Trangu Monastic College in Namo Buddha started by HH Trangu Rinpoche and studied Buddhist texts including the five great treatises, and language and grammar under Khenpo Karma Tashi, Lobzang Tenzin and Jigme. He served as Assistant Lecturer for three years and in 2003 was conferred the Khenpo title. He studied under HH Trangu Rinpoche as the main teacher receiving monastic, Bodhisattva and tantric vows and numerous instructions from him. For 15 years, he served as a lecturer at the Trangu Monastic College and from 2016 for over four years, he undertook retreat in order to carry out meditation at Sekhar Retreat Centre according to the Kamtshang tradition. He currently serves as a lecturer/teacher at Trangu Monastic College and has authored many works including commentaries and synopses on the Middle Way, Perfection of Wisdom, monastic discipline, brief biographies of 17 Karmapa lamas, brief biographies of the founding fathers of Kagyu, and works on Kālacakra and Sarvavid.agyu, and works on Kālacakra and Sarvavid.)
Ngawang Lodoe, Mindroling Khenpo + (Born in Phadru Lhok village in the Lato Di … Born in Phadru Lhok village in the Lato Dingri region, he joined school for about four years. Then, he left Tibet and joined Mindrolling Monastery in Dehradun, India. For three years, he learned monastic rituals and language. He got his novice ordination from H.H. Trulzhik Rinpoche and his full monastic ordination from H.H. Taklung Tsetrul Rinpoche. He entered the monastic college in Mindrolling to undertake the nine-year program of studying the 13 great treatises. Even before completing his study, he served as an assistant lecturer, and in 2014, he completed his higher Buddhist education and became a lecturer in the same college for four years and the chief of examination for one year. In 2018, he was awarded the Khenpo title by Mindrolling Monastery. He taught in the Mindrolling college for three years and also worked for four months in the project of creating an extensive catalogue of the Kangyur canon under the aegis of H.H. Darthang Rinpoche. He participated in the Nyingma conferences at Namdrolling twice and currently serves as a teacher at Zhelpa Monastery in Kathmandu. teacher at Zhelpa Monastery in Kathmandu.)
Tsultrim Norbu, Ngagyur Nyingma Khenpo + (Born in Serta in Kham in 1984, he started … Born in Serta in Kham in 1984, he started learning Tibetan language at the age of nine. From the age of 15, he studied at Jamyangling Academy for three years. In 2005, he arrived in India and got the opportunity to see both H.H. the Dalai Lama and H.H. Penor Rinpoche, and in 2006 he joined the Ngagyur Nyingma Institute to pursue higher Buddhist education and completed the course in 2015. Between 2015 and 2019, he served as a teacher at Ngagyur Nyingma Institute, Serme Thoesamling, and Zhichen Vairoling. In 2020, he joined the research team at Ngagyur Nyingma Institute and worked on a shared topic of ''Twenty Lines on Vows'' and an individual topic of ''The Lock of Secret Mantra Teachings''. In 2023, he was conferred the title of Khenpo in Namdrolling. He has published a book on poetry called ''The Splendor of Youth'' and authored many other writings, lectures, and presentations in magazines and online forums.sentations in magazines and online forums.)
Zhiru, S. + (Born in Singapore, Shi Zhiru is an ordaine … Born in Singapore, Shi Zhiru is an ordained Chinese Buddhist nun in the lineage of the great scholar-monk Master Yinshun. Shi Zhiru received her M.A. degree from the University of Michigan and her Ph.D. degree from the University of Arizona. She is currently professor of Religous Studies at Pomona College in Southern California. She is the author of ''The Making of a Savior Bodhisattva: Dizang in Medieval China'', Kuroda Institute Studies in East Asian Buddhism no. 21 (2007), and has also published on modern Chinese Buddhism and Taiwanese Buddhism. She is currently working on two research directions: Buddhist women and architecture in contemporary Taiwan, and Buddhism in tenth-century Hangzhou. A scholar-practitioner, she was named one of the Outstanding Women in Buddhism in Bangkok 2010. ([https://buddhism.arts.ubc.ca/shizhiru/ Source Accessed June 20, 2023])/shizhiru/ Source Accessed June 20, 2023]))
Tshewang Sonam, Tharpaling Khenpo + (Born in Ura village, Bumthang, Bhutan, he … Born in Ura village, Bumthang, Bhutan, he joined Wangthang Temple as young boy to learn prayers and rituals in the Nyingma and Kagyu traditions under Wangthang Rinpoche Yeshi Dorje. He also learned language and grammar under Lama Gyalwang Nyima and astrology under Lopen Norbu Wangchuk. He joined Ngagyur Nyingma Institute in Mysore and completed his education in 1996 while he also received training in meditation from Nyoshul Khenpo, Khenpo Akhyug, and Tulku Thubzang. In 1988, he served as a teacher at Tsangkha Monastic College, and from 1997, at the behest of H.H. Penor Rinpoche, he served as chief lecturer at Palyul Chokhorling in North India, Palyul Monastery in Tibet, and Ngagyur Nyingma Institute in Mysore. He also taught a large public gathering in Bhutan and regularly gave teachings on national TV on a wide range of topics. After spending three years in retreat in solitude, he currently serves as the head of Tharpaling Monastery and has authored commentaries on ''Entering the Middle Way'', ''Ornament of Realization'', and many other works.nt of Realization'', and many other works.)
Bhattacharyya, B. + (Born on 6 January 1897 in a family devoted … Born on 6 January 1897 in a family devoted to Sanskrit learning, Bhattacharyya had his first lessons in Sanskrit with his father Maha-mahopadhyaya Haraprasad Shastri-a great scholar in different branches of Sanskrit literature and an ar,tiquarian. In 1919 he took a first class M.A. in Sanskrit from Calcutta University and in 1925 Ph. D., the first such. from Dacca University. While his father had guided him through the different branches of Sanskrit literature, young Bhattacharyya had in Professor Alfred Foucher his preceptor in matters relating to ancient art forms and archaeology of India. He spent some years studying Sanskrit manuscripts in Nepal. While just thirty he made his mark as a scholar of Tantra and Pratima.In 1924 Maharaja Sayaji Rao Gaekwad, a great patron of learning and scholarship, took Bhattacharyya to Baroda to be the General Editor of Gaekwad's Oriental Series and after three years made him the Director of Oriental Institute. Baroda. As the General Editor of the Oriental Series and the Director of the Oriental Institute, Bhattacharyya showed extraordinary organizing abilities as well as erudition. Part of his time was devoted to lectures to degree students. The Gaekwad recognized his merits by conferring on him the titles of Rajya Ratna and Jnana Jyoti. He retired in 1952. Among his publications are: ''The Indian Buddhist Iconography'' (Oxford 1924; revised edition Calcutta 1958); ''Sadhanamala'' (Vol. I Baroda 1925 and Vol. II Baroda 1928); ''Twn Vajrayana Works'' (Baroda 1929); ''Guhyasamaja Tantra'' (Baroda 1931}; ''An Introduction to Buddhist Esoterism'' (Oxford 1932); and ''Nispannayogavali'' (Baroda 1949).In his study of the Tantras Bhattacharyya began with no particular sympathy for the mystic practices and rituals as is evident from his earlier writings. With the progress of his studies in Brahmanical. Jain and Buddhist sources he came to an acceptance of the higher values of the Tantras. While he was among the first to assert that the Hindu Tantra borrowed much from the Vajrayana and even debased many Vajrayana practices. Bhattacharyya very firmly held that later Mahayana pantheon deliberately and consciously incorporated a number of Hindu deities. From medieval Hindu tradition he identified the Mahayana deity Prajna with the Hindu deity Sakti. He was as firm on this as about the nomenclature Ohyani Buddha being ancient and correct. The symposium on Tantras opened in this number of the Bulletin will no doubt be poorer because Bhattacharyya can no longer join issue. He had also advised us to organize in our pages a probe into the nomenclature Dhyani Buddha. Namgyal Institute of Tibetology benefited much from his advice regarding identification of images and figures on scrolls. The publication RGYAN-DRUG MCHOG-GNYIS had his guidance as our next publication on iconography was to have the same. In retirement that is since 1 952 Bhattacharyya spent his time on finding remedies and systematic cure for physical and mental ailments in the Tantric lore. A large number of difficult cases were cured. Bhattacharyya c!aimed to have freely used Hindu and Buddhist. Indian and Tibetan, formulae and spells He published some books on tele-therapy: The Science of Tridosha (New York 1951), Gem Therapy (Calcutta 1958: 1963). and Magnet Dowsing (Calcutta 1960), For strictly academic class he wrote a paper entitled "Scientific Background of the Buddhist Tantras" in Buddha Jayanti Special Number of the ''Indian Historical Quarterly'' (Calcutta 1956).As an academician of highest discipline and as an authority on Indian esoteric systems and iconography Bhattacharyya was held in esteem in connected circles all over the world. Those who came into intimate contact with him found him more a Bodhisattva than a Pandita. ([https://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/bot/pdf/bot_01_02_obituary.pdf Source Accessed Feb 24, 2024])bituary.pdf Source Accessed Feb 24, 2024]))
Cutillo, B. + (Brian Cutillo (1945–2006) was an American … Brian Cutillo (1945–2006) was an American scholar and translator. He was also an accomplished neuro-cognitive scientist, musician, anthropologist and textile weaver. Cutillo was a student of Geshe Wangyal and other Tibetan teachers. He also collaborated with Lama Kunga Rinpoche on the translation of additional songs and stories of Milarepa published in the volume ''Miraculous Journey''. (Source: [https://wisdomexperience.org/content-author/brian-cutillo/ Wisdom Experience])-author/brian-cutillo/ Wisdom Experience]))
Newman, Bruce + (Bruce Newman has studied and practiced Tib … Bruce Newman has studied and practiced Tibetan Buddhism, mostly in the Kagyu and Nyingma traditions, for almost thirty years. He spent eleven years in India and Nepal studying under his primary teacher, Venerable Chökyi Nyima Rinpoche. He also completed a four-year retreat at Kagyu Samye Ling in Scotland. For the past ten years, he has been practicing and teaching under the guidance ofVenerable Gyatrul Rinpoche in Ashland, Oregon.rable Gyatrul Rinpoche in Ashland, Oregon.)
Cappeller, C. + (CAPPELLER, Carl Johann Wilhelm. Alexkehmen … CAPPELLER, Carl Johann Wilhelm. Alexkehmen, Ostpreussen 22.3.1840 — Jena 17.7.1925. German Indologist. Professor in Jena. Son of an estate owner from East Prussia, Wilhelm C., and Amalie Knochenhauer, educated at Glumbinnen Gymnasium. In 1860-64 studies of classical philology, soon also of Sanskrit (under Bopp and Weber), IE and Lithuanian at Berlin. Ph.D. 1868 Leipzig. In 1872 habilitation at Jena. With the Bopp Scholarship visited Paris, London and Oxford studying manuscripts. Back in Jenaworked as schoolteacher and, nominated 1875 ao. Professor at university, also continued at school until 1905 to supplement his meagre salary.Never promoted to ordinarius.Hofrat 1908. Married 1889 Anna Lengning, three sons.In Jena Cappeller represented the philological side of Indology beside the linguist Delbrück. He was one of the best specialists of Indian drama and knew Sanskrit remarkably well. As a philologist he followed eclectic method without giving much attention to recensions. Thus e.g. his Śakuntalā is an eclectic text based on the Devanāgarī recension. His dictionary was prepared to offer the gist of Böhtligk’s large works to students and it has been very much used. Translated Western poetry in Sanskrit. He was popular as a teacher, but as he never got ordinary position all finished their doctorate under others. ([https://whowaswho-indology.info/1176/cappeller-carl-johann-wilhelm/ Source Accessed Jan 15, 2024])nn-wilhelm/ Source Accessed Jan 15, 2024]))
Meinert, C. + (Carmen Meinert holds the chair for Central … Carmen Meinert holds the chair for Central Asian Religions at the Center for Religious Studies (CERES) at Ruhr University Bochum, Germany. One of her research interests focuses on the transmission of Buddhism in Central Asia, Tibet and China with particular emphasis on early Tantric and Esoteric Buddhist Traditions. Her publications include ed., ''Buddha in the Yurt—Buddhist Art from Mongolia''. Munich: Hirmer, 2 vols., 2011; “Assimilation and Transformation of Esoteric Buddhism in Tibet and China. Case Study of the Adaptation Processes of Violence in a Ritual Context.” In ''Tibet after Empire. Culture, Society and Religion between 850–1000. Proceedings of the Seminar Held in Lumbini, Nepal, March 2010'', edited by Christoph Cüppers, Robert Mayer and Michael Walter, 295–312. Lumbini: Lumbini International Research Institute, 2013. ([https://brill.com/display/book/9789004307438/B9789004307438_001.xml Source Accessed Aug 1, 2023])7438_001.xml Source Accessed Aug 1, 2023]))
Chah, A. + (Chah Subhaddo (Thai: ชา สุภัทโท, known in … Chah Subhaddo (Thai: ชา สุภัทโท, known in English as Ajahn Chah, occasionally with honorific titles Luang Por and Phra) also known by his honorific name "Phra Bodhiñāṇathera" (Thai: พระโพธิญาณเถร, Chao Khun Bodhinyana Thera; 17 June 1918 – 16 January 1992) was a Thai Buddhist monk. He was an influential teacher of the Buddhadhamma and a founder of two major monasteries in the Thai Forest Tradition.Respected and loved in his own country as a man of great wisdom, he was also instrumental in establishing Theravada Buddhism in the West. Beginning in 1979 with the founding of Cittaviveka (commonly known as Chithurst Buddhist Monastery) in the United Kingdom, the Forest Tradition of Ajahn Chah has spread throughout Europe, the United States and the British Commonwealth. The dhamma talks of Ajahn Chah have been recorded, transcribed and translated into several languages.More than one million people, including the Thai royal family, attended Ajahn Chah's funeral in January 1993[5] held a year after his death due to the "hundreds of thousands of people expected to attend".[3] He left behind a legacy of dhamma talks, students, and monasteries. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajahn_Chah Source Accessed Nov 20, 2023])/Ajahn_Chah Source Accessed Nov 20, 2023]))
Orzech, C. + (Charles D. Orzech is Professor Emeritus at … Charles D. Orzech is Professor Emeritus at University of North Carolina, Greensboro. He received is PhD from the University of Chicago. His primary interests are in cultural contact and interaction and in the fundamental hybridity of human cultural activity. He explores those interests primarily through research on the appropriation and transformation of late Mahāyāna Buddhism in eighth- through thirteenth- century China. he teaches a variety of courses, from introductory Buddhism and Chinese religion to seminars on theories of myth and on semiotics and religious images.His articles and translations have appeared in ''History of Religions'', ''Journal of the American Oriental Society'', ''Cahiers d’Extreme-Asie'', ''Journal of the International Buddhist Studies Association'', ''Journal of Chinese Religions'', and elsewhere. He is the author of ''Politics and Transcendent Wisdom: The Scripture for Humane Kings in the Creation of Chinese Buddhism'' (Pennsylvania State University Press, Hermeneutics Series, 1998). More recently, he was the general editor of ''Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras in East Asia'' (1200 pages, E. J. Brill). ([https://rel.uncg.edu/faculty/orzech/ Adapted from Source June 2, 2023])orzech/ Adapted from Source June 2, 2023]))
Hastings, C. + (Charles has been a Dharma practitioner and … Charles has been a Dharma practitioner and scholar for over fifty years, and was one of the founding members of Padmakara Translation Group. Charles is one of our in-house editors and a mentor for junior editors and translators. He brings both editorial skills and a wealth of Dharma knowledge and experience to his role. Charles’ adventure with the Dharma started in 1968. He has had the great privilege of receiving teachings from great masters, including Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche and Dudjom Rinpoche, and had the immense fortune to spend two years in India with his root teacher, Kyabje Kangyur Rinpoche. Charles has completed about nine years of retreat, including two traditional three-year retreats in Dordogne, France, as well as a couple of shorter retreats. During these retreats he received detailed instructions on the nine yānas and had the opportunity to put them into practice intensively.Charles has BA and MA degrees in Asian languages from Cambridge University, where he studied archaeology and anthropology. He also studied Sanskrit, Prakrits, and Pāli under Professor K.R. Norman, whose methodology and rigor continue to inspire his approach to translation and mentoring. Charles was cotranslator of the renowned translation of Patrul Rinpoche’s The Words of My Perfect Teacher, which attempts to reflect the verve of the original in a way that is comprehensible and inspiring for modern readers. He has translated two books by his long-time friend Matthieu Ricard from French into English. He has also worked as an editor for 84000, mainly working on Prajñāpāramitā texts. ([https://www.khyentsevision.org/team/charles-hastings/ Source Accessed May 25th, 2023])hastings/ Source Accessed May 25th, 2023]))
Cheng-Yen, S. + (Cheng Yen or Shih Cheng Yen (Chinese: 證嚴法師 … Cheng Yen or Shih Cheng Yen (Chinese: 證嚴法師, 釋證嚴; pinyin: Zhèngyán Fǎshī; born Chin-Yun Wong; 14 May 1937) is a Taiwanese Buddhist nun (bhikkhuni), teacher, and philanthropist. She is the founder of the Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, ordinarily referred to as Tzu Chi, a Buddhist humanitarian organization based in Taiwan. In the West, she is sometimes referred to as the "Mother Teresa of Asia".Cheng Yen was born in Taiwan during the Japanese occupation. She developed an interest in Buddhism as a young adult, ordaining as a Buddhist nun in 1963 under the well known proponent of humanistic Buddhism, master Yin Shun. After an encounter with a poor woman who had a miscarriage, and a conversation with Roman Catholic nuns who talked about the various charity work of the Catholic Church, Cheng Yen founded the Tzu Chi Foundation in 1966 as a Buddhist humanitarian organization. The organization began as a group of thirty housewives who saved money for needy families. Tzu Chi gradually grew in popularity and expanded its services over time to include medical, environmental, and disaster relief work, eventually becoming one of the largest humanitarian organizations in the world, and the largest Buddhist organization in Taiwan.Cheng Yen is considered to be one of the most influential figures in the development of modern Taiwanese Buddhism. In Taiwan, she is popularly referred to and is the last surviving of the "Four Heavenly Kings" of Taiwanese Buddhism, along with her contemporaries Sheng-yen of Dharma Drum Mountain, Hsing Yun of Fo Guang Shan and Wei Chueh of Chung Tai Shan. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheng_Yen Source Accessed Aug 8, 2023])ki/Cheng_Yen Source Accessed Aug 8, 2023]))
Heze Shenhui + (Chinese Chan master and reputed main disci … Chinese Chan master and reputed main disciple of the sixth patriarch Huineng; his collateral branch of Huineng’s lineage is sometimes referred to as the Heze school. Shenhui was a native of Xiangyang in present-day Hubei province. He became a monk under the master Haoyuan (d.u.) of the monastery of Kuochangsi in his hometown of Xiangyang. In 704, Shenhui received the full monastic precepts in Chang'an, and extant sources provide differing stories of Shenhui's whereabouts thereafter. He is said to have become a student of Shenxiu and later visited Mt. Caoxi where he studied under Huineng until the master's death in 713. After several years of traveling, Shenhui settled down in 720 at the monastery of Longxingsi in Nanyang (present-day Henan province). In 732, during an "unrestricted assembly" (wuzhe dahui) held at the monastery Dayunsi in Huatai, Shenhui engaged a monk by the name of Chongyuan (d.u.) and publicly criticized the so-called Bei zong (Northern school) of Shenxiu’s disciples Puji and Xiangmo Zang as being a mere collateral branch of Bodhidharma's lineage that upheld a gradualist soteriological teaching. Shenhui also argued that his teacher Huineng had received the orthodox transmission of Bodhidharma's lineage and his "sudden teaching" (dunjiao). In 745, Shenhui is said to have moved to the monastery of Hezesi in Luoyang, whence he acquired his toponym. He was cast out of Luoyang by a powerful Northern school follower in 753. Obeying an imperial edict, Shenhui relocated to the monastery of Kaiyuansi in Jingzhou (present-day Hubei province) and assisted the government financially by performing mass ordinations after the economic havoc wrought by the An Lushan rebellion in 755. He was later given the posthumous title Great Master Zhenzong (Authentic Tradition). Shenhui also plays a minor, yet important, role in the ''Liuzu tan jing'' ("Platform Sūtra of the Sixth Patriarch"). A treatise entitled the ''Xianzongji'', preserved as part of the ''Jingde chuandeng lu'', is attributed to Shenhui. Several other treatises attributed to Shenhui were also discovered at Dunhuang. Shenhui's approach to Chan practice was extremely influential in Guifeng Zongmi's attempts to reconcile different strands of Chan, and even doctrine, later in the Tang dynasty; through Zongmi, Shenhui's teachings also became a critical component of the Korean Sǒn master Pojo Chinul’s accounts of Chan soteriology and meditation. (Source: "Heze Shenhui." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 349. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Wilkinson, Christopher + (Christopher Wilkinson began his career in … Christopher Wilkinson began his career in Buddhist literature at the age of fifteen, taking refuge vows from his guru Dezhung Rinpoche. In that same year he began formal study of Tibetan language at the University of Washington under Geshe Ngawang Nornang and Turrell Wylie. He then received many instructions from Kalu Rinpoche, completing the traditional practice of five hundred thousand Mahamudra preliminaries. In his later life he completed several lengthy meditation retreats. He became a Buddhist monk for three years, beginning at the age of eighteen, living in the home of Dezhung Rinpoche while he continued his studies at the University of Washington. He graduated in 1980 with a B.A. degree in Asian Languages and Literature and another B.A. degree in Comparative Religion (College Honors, Magna Cum Laude, Phi Beta Kappa). After a two year tour of Buddhist pilgrimage sites throughout Asia he worked for five years in refugee resettlement in Seattle, Washington, then proceeded to the University of Calgary for an M.A. in Buddhist Studies where he wrote a groundbreaking thesis on the Yangti transmission of the Great Perfection tradition titled “Clear Meaning: Studies on a Thirteenth Century rDzog chen Tantra.” He proceeded to work on a critical edition of the Sanskrit text of the 20,000 line Perfection of Wisdom in Berkeley, California, followed by an intensive study of Burmese language in Hawaii. In 1990 he began three years’ service as a visiting professor in English Literature in Sulawesi, Indonesia, exploring the remnants of the ancient Sri Vijaya Empire there. He worked as a research fellow for the Shelly and Donald Rubin Foundation for several years, playing a part in the early development of the famous Rubin Museum of Art. In the years that followed he became a Research Fellow at the Centre de Recherches sur les Civilisations de l'Asie Orientale, Collège de France, and taught at the University of Calgary as an Adjunct Professor for five years. He is currently completing his doctoral dissertation, a study of the Yoginitantra first translated into Tibetan during the Eighth century of our era, at the University of Leiden’s Institute for Area Studies. Wishing to bring the literature which has inspired him through his many years of Buddhist study and practice into fruition he has spent the years from 2009 to the present translating the works of the Sakya Founders, a portion of which forms the contents of the present volume. (Source = Chris Wilkinson person communication)ce = Chris Wilkinson person communication))
Yü, C. + (Chün-fang Yü has long been interested in h … Chün-fang Yü has long been interested in how Buddhism developed in China, and how conditions in China shaped various changes in Buddhism. She has explored these questions in works that range from the historical transformation of Guanyin (Kuan-yin) from male to female, to the work of women in Buddhism today. She was born in China and educated in Taiwan, graduating from Tunghai University with a major in English Literature and minor in Chinese philosophy. She received a MA degree from Smith College in English Literature and a Ph.D. in Religion from Columbia University, specializing in Chinese Buddhism. She taught at Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey from 1972 to 2004 when she returned to Columbia. She is the Sheng Yen Professor Emerita in Chinese Buddhist Studies, and a faculty member in both Religion and EALAC.Her research interests are quite broad. Her early works deal with the history of Chinese Buddhist thought and institutions.Later she focused on Buddhist rituals and practices. Her first book, "The Renewal of Buddhism in China: Chu-hung and the Late Ming Synthesis (1981), is one of the earliest studies in English on post-Tang Buddhism. Other articles dealing with Chinese Buddhism in the late imperial period include: “Chung-feng Ming-pen and Ch’an Buddhism in the Yuan” (1982), “Ch’an Education in the Sung: Ideals and Procedures” (1989), and the Cambridge History of China’s “Buddhism in the Ming Dynasty” (1998). She is also interested in the interaction between religion, including Buddhism, and Chinese society. With Susan Naquin, she co-edited "Pilgrims and Sacred Sites in China" (1992). She is the editor of “In Search of the Dharma: Memoirs of a Modern Chinese Buddhist Pilgrim” ( 1992) and "The Ultimate Realm: Doctrines of Tienti Teachings, A New Religion" (1994) Her book "Kuan-yin: The Chinese Transformation of Avalokiteśvara" (2001) traces the patterns of the evolution of the cult of Guanyin through the various medias of transmission and promotion of the cult. More recently she studied the prominent roles of Buddhist nuns in Taiwan which resulted in the publication of “Passing of the Light: The Incense Light Community and Buddhist Nuns in Contemporary Taiwan” (2013).Her current research interests reflect her continuing fascination with the transformation of Buddhism in China. She has begun a new project which is tentatively entitled “The Creation of a Buddhist Pantheon”; it studies the pairing of two bodhisattvas: Guanyin and Dizang, in iconography and temple architecture from the tenth century on. ([https://religion.columbia.edu/content/chun-fang-yu Source Accessed June 2, 2023])hun-fang-yu Source Accessed June 2, 2023]))
Chǒngjung Musang + (Chǒngjung Musang. (C. Jingzhong Wuxiang; J … Chǒngjung Musang. (C. Jingzhong Wuxiang; J. Jōshu Musō (680-756, alt. 684-762). Korean-Chinese Chan master of the Tang dynasty; because he was of Korean heritage, he is usually called Musang in the literature, following the Korean pronunciation of his dharma name, or Master Kim (K. Kim hwasang; C. Jin heshang), using his Korean surname. Musang is said to have been the third son of a Silla king and wasordained in Korea at the monastery of Kunnamsa. In 728, he arrived in the Chinese capital of Chang’an (present-day Xi’an) and had an audience with the Tang emperor Xuanzong (r. 712-756), who appointed him to the monastery of Chandingsi. Musang subsequently traveled to Chu (in present day Sichuan province) and became a disciple of the monk Chuji (alt. 648-734, 650-732, 669-736), who gave him dharmatransmission at the monastery of Dechunsi in Zizhou (present day Sichuan province). He later resided at the monastery of Jingzhongsi in Chengdu (present-day Sichuan province; later known as Wanfosi), which gave him his toponym Chǒngjung (C. Jingzhong). Musang became famous for his ascetic practices and meditative prowess. Musang also began conferring a unique set of precepts known as the three propositions (sanju): “no recollection” (wuji), which was equated with morality (śīla); “no thought” (wunian) with concentration (samādhi); and “no forgetting” (mowang) with wisdom (prajñā). He also taught a practice known as yinsheng nianfo, a method of reciting the name of the Buddha by extending the length of the intonation. Musang’s prosperous lineage in Sichuan came to be known as the Jingzhong zong line of Chan. Musang seems to have taught or influenced several renowned Chan monks, including Heze Shenhui (668-760), Baotang Wuzhu (714-774), and Mazu Daoyi (707-786); he also played an important role in transmitting Chan to Tibet in the 750s and 760s. (Source: "Chǒngjung Musang." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 187. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Fregiehn, C. + (Claudia Fregiehn completed her master's de … Claudia Fregiehn completed her master's degree in translation at Rangjung Yeshe Institute in 2023. She was a recipient of a Tsadra Foundation Study Scholarship. The title of her MA thesis is "Who Is the Author? Mangtö Ludrup Gyatso's ''Essential Nectar'' in the Collected Works of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo: A Case Study of the Attribution of Authorship in Tibetan Buddhism."bution of Authorship in Tibetan Buddhism.")
Segers, C. + (Corinne Segers is a translator for the Ringu Tulku Archive and an editor of several of his books.)
Suzuki, D. T. + (Daisetsu Teitaro Suzuki (鈴木大拙貞太郎 ''Suzuk … Daisetsu Teitaro Suzuki (鈴木大拙貞太郎 ''Suzuki Daisetsu Teitarō''; he rendered his name "Daisetz" in 1894; 18 October 1870 – 12 July 1966) was a Japanese author of books and essays on Buddhism, Zen and Shin that were instrumental in spreading interest in both Zen and Shin (and Far Eastern philosophy in general) to the West. Suzuki was also a prolific translator of Chinese, Japanese, and Sanskrit literature. Suzuki spent several lengthy stretches teaching or lecturing at Western universities, and devoted many years to a professorship at Ōtani University, a Japanese Buddhist school. He was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1963. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D.T._Suzuki Source Accessed July 30, 2020]).T._Suzuki Source Accessed July 30, 2020]))
Brown, D. + (Daniel Brown is the author of 15 books inc … Daniel Brown is the author of 15 books including Transformations of Consciousness (with Ken Wilbur & Jack Engler), and a book on Mahamudra, Pointing Out the Great Way: The Mahamudra Tradition of Tibetan Meditation-Stages (Wisdom Publications), and two books on public dialogues with H.H. The Dalai Lama. He is also the co-author of a forthcoming book on the Bon A Khrid lineage of Bon Great Completion Meditation. In graduate school at The University of Chicago he studied Sanskrit with Hans van Beutenen, and also studied Tibetan, Buddhist Sanskrit, and Pali languages in the Buddhist Studies Program at the University of Wisconsin, Madison WI. He spent 10 years translating meditation texts for his doctoral dissertation on Tibetan Buddhist Mahamudra meditation.He has studied meditation practice for about 45 years, beginning with reading Patanjali’s Yogasutras and its main commentaries in the original Sanskrit with the great historian of religion professor Mircea Eliade, as well as practicing Patanjali's stages of meditation directly with Dr. Arwind Vasavada. At the same time, Dr. Brown studied the Burmese Theravadin Buddhist mindfulness meditation, first with Western teachers in the United States like Jack Kornfield, Joseph Goldstein, Sharon Salzberg, and Christopher Titmus, and then directly with the originator of the Burmese mindfulness tradition, Mahasi Sayadaw in Rangoon, Burma and other masters like Tungpulo Sayadaw and Achaan Cha. Read more [https://www.drdanielpbrown.com/buddhist-meditation-teacher here].lpbrown.com/buddhist-meditation-teacher here].)
Bennett, D. + (David Bennett first became involved in Bud … David Bennett first became involved in Buddhism in 1975 at Samye Ling Buddhist Centre in Scotland. After studying with various teachers he met Traleg Kyabgon Rinpoche IX in 1981 in Australia and continued studying and practicing under his guidance until Traleg passed away in 2012. David was Vice-President of Traleg’s main Centre E-Vam Institute in Melbourne Australia for many years. He works as a graphic designer and has used these skills to contribute to Traleg Rinpoche’s ongoing activities since joining the Centre. ([https://www.shogam.com/project/david-bennett/ Source Accessed Dec 6, 2023])vid-bennett/ Source Accessed Dec 6, 2023]))
Bubna-Litic, D. + (David Bubna-Litic is an internationally re … David Bubna-Litic is an internationally recognized interdisciplinary scholar with interests in whole of systems thinking applied to individual, organizational, economic, and social change.He researches the dialogue between mindful ways of being (presence), deep integrity, eastern philosophy, and established western disciplines to create a merged horizon for social and economic change.He is Senior Lecturer at the University of Technology Sydney. ([https://au.linkedin.com/in/david-bubna-litic-1a84259 Adapted from Source June 16, 2023])a84259 Adapted from Source June 16, 2023]))
Gonsalez, D. + (David Gonsalez (Losang Tsering) has been p … David Gonsalez (Losang Tsering) has been practicing Dharma for over twenty-five years and since that time has devoted the entirety of his life to practice, study, translation, as well as hosting and organizing numerous Dharma teachings and events in the Seattle area. He first began studying with Geshe Khenrab Gajam and traveled to Montreal on several occasions to receive teachings. After Geshe Khenrab’s passing David developed a close relationship with several lamas including Lama Zopa Rinpoche and Ribur Rinpoche. Most notably David invited Gen Lobsang Choephel to Seattle on five occasions at which time he received countless empowerments, oral transmissions, and commentaries. David has also received numerous empowerments and teachings from other great lamas such as Lati Rinpoche, Denma Locho Rinpoche, Kirti Tsenshab Rinpoche, and many more.David has devoted a great deal of the last twenty-five years to retreat and has completed forty-three fully qualified retreats including subsequent fire pujas. As the translator for Dechen Ling Press these retreats give David a unique opportunity to approach these translations as not only a translator but an experienced practitioner as well assuring the translations are accurate and true to the lineage passed down through Tibetan lamas. ([https://dechenlingpress.org/about/the-translator/ Source: Dechen Link Press 2014 Website])/ Source: Dechen Link Press 2014 Website]))
Dharmottara + (Dharmottara. (T . Chos mchog) (fl. eighth … Dharmottara. (T . Chos mchog) (fl. eighth century). Indian author of a number of works on pramāṇa, the most important of which are his detailed commentary on Dharmakīrti's ''Pramāṇaviniścaya'' and a shorter commentary on his ''Nyāyabindu''. A Contemporary or Student of Prajñākaragupta, Dharmottarawas influential in the transmission of pramāņa (T . tshad ma) studies in Tibet. Rngog Blo ldan shes rab's translation of Dharmakīrti's ''Pramāṇaviniścaya'' and ''Nyāyabindu'' into Tibetan together with Dharmottara's commentaries and his own explanations laid the foundations for the study of pramāṇa inGsang phu ne'u thog monastery. This importance continued unchallenged until Sa skya Paņḍita's detailed explanation of Dharmakīrti's ideas based on all his seven major works, particularly his ''Pramāṇavārttika'', opened up a competing tradition of explanation. (Source: "Dharmottara." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 254. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Halkias, G. + (Dr Georgios T. Halkias is currently Assist … Dr Georgios T. Halkias is currently Assistant Professor of Buddhism at the Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong. He received his DPhil in Oriental Studies (Tibetan and Himalayan Studies) in 2006 at the University of Oxford and has extensive fieldwork experience in India and Nepal. He specializes in Tibetan Buddhism, the transmission of Buddhism to Tibet, and Himalayan history and culture. Dr Halkias has been a Visiting Associate Researcher at the Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford since 2007, and a Fellow at the Oxford Centre of Buddhist Studies since 2009. [http://translationintibet.wordpress.com/who-we-are-buddhist-translation-tibet/georgios-t-halkias/ source]nslation-tibet/georgios-t-halkias/ source])
Wirth, J. + (Dr. Jason M. Wirth is professor of philoso … Dr. Jason M. Wirth is professor of philosophy at Seattle University and works and teaches in the areas of Continental Philosophy, Buddhist Philosophy, Aesthetics, and Environmental Philosophy. His recent books include Nietzsche and Other Buddhas: Philosophy after Comparative Philosophy (Indiana 2019), Mountains, Rivers, and the Great Earth: Reading Gary Snyder and Dōgen in an Age of Ecological Crisis (SUNY 2017), a monograph on Milan Kundera (Commiserating with Devastated Things, Fordham 2015), Schelling’s Practice of the Wild (SUNY 2015), and the co-edited volume (with Bret Davis and Brian Schroeder), Japanese and Continental Philosophy: Conversations with the Kyoto School (Indiana 2011).He is the associate editor and book review editor of the journal, Comparative and Continental Philosophy. He is currently completing a manuscript on the cinema of Terrence Malick as well as a work of ecological philosophy called Turtle Island Anarchy. He was ordained in 2010 in Japan as a priest in the Soto Zen lineage and is the founder and co-director of the Seattle University EcoSangha (www.ecosangha.net). ([https://www.seattleu.edu/artsci/about/directory/profile/jason-wirth.html Source Accessed May 28, 2023])-wirth.html Source Accessed May 28, 2023]))
Carter, R. + (Dr. Robert Carter, was recognized for his … Dr. Robert Carter, was recognized for his dedication to teaching and students with a Symons Award for Excellence in Teaching in 1987. He is now a Professor Emeritus at Trent.In his role as Professor in the Philosophy Department at Trent, Dr. Carter developed East Asian philosophy courses and served as the first Master of Otonabee College. He also directed the interdisciplinary M.A. program. In 2003 he was awarded the Japan Foundation, a prestigious research grant awarded to only 10 scholars from across North America. He has written or co-authored at least 10 books and more than 70 articles and reviews, and has spent time in Japan studying the Japanese Great Arts and ethics. ([https://www.trentu.ca/teaching/robert-carter Source Accessed Apr 18, 2023])bert-carter Source Accessed Apr 18, 2023]))
Burr, R. + (Dr. Ron Burr has been a philosophy and rel … Dr. Ron Burr has been a philosophy and religious studies professor for over two decades with the University of Southern Mississippi [www.usm.edu]. Ron has more than 20 years of leadership training experience in companies and non-profits. He has worked with the Fulbright Commission [www.fulbright.co.uk] where he helped institute business ethics programs in Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and the Philippines, and with the Center for Creative Leadership [www.ccl.org/leadership/index.aspx] where he conducted numerous training events for Fortune 500 companies.Ron was instrumental in creating Religious Youth Service's experience-based, service learning model. He has served as a RYS project and educational leader in Spain, Italy, Poland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Dominican Republic, Taiwan, Mongolia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, the Philippines, Trinidad, Guatemala, The U.K., Jamaica and Estonia.After earning his Ph.D. in comparative philosophy at the University of California [www.ucsb.edu], Santa Barbara, Ron studied Buddhism in Thailand, Taiwan, Sri Lanka and Japan. He also pursued post-doctoral studies with the best known comparative religionists of the twentieth century: Huston Smith [www.hustonsmith.net] and Ninian Smart [www.scottlondon.com/interviews/smart.html]. In addition to the Fulbright Ron has been the recipient of many private and national government grants. He edited a lengthy book on comparative philosophy and religion and has a long list of other publications in these fields. ([http://www.religiousyouthservice.org/about/leadership/burr.htm Source Accessed June 14, 2023])p/burr.htm Source Accessed June 14, 2023]))
Yarnall, T. + (Dr. Tom Yarnall is an Associate Research S … Dr. Tom Yarnall is an Associate Research Scholar and Adjunct Professor in the Department of Religion at Columbia University in New York. As a teacher he specializes in Indo-Tibetan Buddhist Studies, teaching courses in Buddhist history, philosophy, ethics, and contemplative sciences, and in Tibetan and Sanskrit languages. As a researcher he works with the Columbia Center for Buddhist Studies (CCBS) and the Columbia-affiliated American Institute of Buddhist Studies (AIBS), serving as the Executive Editor for the “Treasury of the Buddhist Sciences” series of translations of works from the Tibetan Tengyur (and associated literature), being co-published by AIBS, CCBS, and Tibet House US, and being distributed by Columbia University Press. He participated as an AIBS representative at the Khyentse Foundation’s Translators’ Conference in Bir, India in 2009, and was a principal organizer and host of (and a participant in) the AIBS Tengyur Translation Conference in Sarnath, India in 2011.Dr. Yarnall began his engagement with Buddhism over 35 years ago (in the late 70s), studying with Tibetan Lamas from all four orders (including H.H. the Dalai Lama, H.H. Sakya Dagchen Rinpoche, Ven. Dezhung Rinpoche, and many others), while earning a B.A. in Religion (Buddhist Studies) at Amherst College in 1983. He later enrolled in the graduate program in Religion at Columbia University, earning an M.A., an M.Phil, and ultimately a Ph.D. (with honors) in 2003.Dr. Yarnall’s own scholarly work has focused on Mādhyamika philosophy, Buddhist ethics, and especially on Indian and Tibetan Tantric materials of the Unexcelled Yoga class. His study and translation of the creation stage chapters of Tsong Khapa’s Great Treatise on the Stages of Mantra (sngags rim chen mo) was published in the “Treasury of the Buddhist Sciences” series in 2013. of the Buddhist Sciences” series in 2013.)
Brag dkar blo bzang dpal ldan bstan 'dzin snyan grags + (Drakar Lobzang Palden Tendzin Nyendrak (Br … Drakar Lobzang Palden Tendzin Nyendrak (Brag dkar blo bzang dpal ldan bstan 'dzin snyan grags 1866–1928) of Trehor Kardzé wrote a refutation of Mipam Rinpoche's commentary on the ninth chapter of the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra''. He was also a disciple of the Longchen Nyingtik master Ragang Chöpa, and a teacher of Amdo Geshe Jampal Rolwé Lodrö. ([https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Drakkar_Lobzang_Palden Adapted from Source Oct 4, 2022])g_Palden Adapted from Source Oct 4, 2022]))
Kunsang, E. + (Erik Pema Kunsang is one of the most highl … Erik Pema Kunsang is one of the most highly regarded Tibetan translators and interpreters today. Erik has been the assistant and translator for [[Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche]] and his sons since the late 1970s. He has translated and edited over fifty volumes of Tibetan texts and oral teachings, and was one of the founding directors of [[Rangjung Yeshe Publications]]. ([http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Erik_Pema_Kunsang Source Accessed Jul 24, 2020])ema_Kunsang Source Accessed Jul 24, 2020]))
Bianchi, E. + (Ester Bianchi holds a Ph.D. in ‘Indian and … Ester Bianchi holds a Ph.D. in ‘Indian and East-Asian Civilization’ from the University of Venice (co-tutorial Ph.D. received from the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Section des Sciences Religieuses of Paris). She is currently associate professor of Chinese Literature, Chinese Religions and Philosophy, and Society and Culture of China at the University of Perugia (Italy); in the past, she has also been in charge of classes of Chinese Language (modern and classical) and Sinology. She is external associated researcher of the Groupe Sociétés, Religions, Laïcités CNRS-EPHE (2012-) and, together with Daniela Campo, directs the research project “當代中國、臺灣的戒律復興 – Vinaya Revival in 20th Century China and Taiwan” (funded by the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange, August 2015-July 2018).Her studies focus on the religions of China, and particularly on Buddhism, both in imperial and in modern and contemporary time; her research is centered on Sino-Tibetan Buddhism, Chinese Buddhist monasticism and, more recently, the revival of Buddhist monastic discipline in China.Ester Bianchi is the author of ''The Iron Statue Monastery, Tiexiangsi: A Buddhist Nunnery of Tibetan Tradition in Contemporary China'' (Firenze 2001), of a general book on the history, practices and cultural traditions of Daoism (Milano 2009), and of the first Italian translation of the ''Gaoseng Faxian zhuan (Faxian: un pellegrino cinese nell’India del V secolo'', Perugia, 2012-13).Her main publications include the following articles: “Subtle erudition and compassionate devotion: Longlian (1909-2006), the most outstanding bhiksuni in modern China” (in D. Ownby, V. Goossaert, Ji Zhe, eds., ''Making Saints in Modern China'', Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016- 2017, pp. 272-311), “Chinese Chantings of the Names of Mañjuśrī: The ''Zhenshi ming jing'' 真實名經 in Late Imperial and Modern China” (in V. Durand-Dastès ed., ''Empreintes du Tantrisme en Chine et en Asie Orientale. Imaginaires, rituals, influences'', Leuven-Paris-Bristol: Peeters 2015, pp. 117-138), “A Religion-Oriented ‘Tibet Fever’. Tibetan Buddhist Practices Among the Han Chinese in Contemporary PRC” (in Dramdul and F. Sferra eds., ''From Mediterranean to Himalaya. A Festschrift to Commemorate the 120th Birthday of the Italian Tibetologist Giuseppe Tucci'' – 从地中海到喜马拉雅: 意大利著名藏学家朱塞佩·图齐诞辰120周年纪念文集, Beijing: China Tibetology Publishing House 2014, pp. 347-374), “Yamāntaka-Vajrabhairava in Modern China. Analysis of 20th Century Translations from Tibetan” (in G. Orofino, S. Vita eds., ''Buddhist Asia'' 2, Kyoto: Italian School of East Asian Studies 2010, pp. 99-140), “The ‘Chinese ''lama''' Nenghai (1886-1967). Doctrinal tradition and teaching strategies of a Gelukpa master in Republican China” (in M. Kapstein ed., ''Buddhism Between Tibet and China'', Boston: Wisdom Publications 2009, pp. 295-346), “Protecting Beijing: The Tibetan Image of Yamāntaka-Vajrabhairava in Late Imperial and Republican China” (in M. Esposito ed., ''Images of Tibet in the 19th and 20th Centuries'', Paris: l’École Française de l’Extrême Orient 2008, pp. 329-356), and “The Tantric Rebirth Movement in Modern China. Esoteric Buddhism re-vivified by the Japanese and Tibetan Traditions” (''Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungarica'' 57, 1, 2004, pp. 31-54). ([https://vinayarevival.com/ester-bianchi/ Source Accessed Feb 27, 2023])ival.com/ester-bianchi/ Source Accessed Feb 27, 2023]))
Natanya, E. + (Eva Natanya is a Teacher, Translator, Scho … Eva Natanya is a Teacher, Translator, Scholar, Philosopher, and Theologian. I have studied the classical Tibetan language for over twenty years, and have translated hundreds of pages from the works of Je Tsongkhapa (1357-1419), as well as from such Gelukpa masters as Gyaltsab Je, Khedrub Je, the First Panchen Lama Lobsang Chukyi Gyaltsen, and Choney Lama Drakpa Shedrup. I also have significant experience reading and translating texts from the Great Perfection (Dzokchen) tradition of the Nyingma lineage. I care deeply about the nonsectarian (Rimé) movement in nineteenth century Tibetan history, and am committed to contemporary efforts that seek mutual understanding between the great lineages of Tibetan Buddhism. ([https://www.evanatanya.com/ Source Accessed April 23, 2024])anya.com/ Source Accessed April 23, 2024]))
Fahai + (Fahai. (J. Hōkai; K. Pǒphae 法海) (d.u.). In … Fahai. (J. Hōkai; K. Pǒphae 法海) (d.u.). In Chinese, "Sea of Dharma": a disciple of Huineng, the sixth patriarch (Liuzu) of the Chan zong. Fahai is said to have been the head monk of the monastery of Tafansi in Shaozhou Prefecture, where Huineng is presumed to have delivered a sermon on the "sudden" teachings(dunjiao) of the Southern school (Nan zong) of Chan. Fahai is dubiously credited with compiling the written record of this sermon, the ''Liuzu tan jing'' ("Platform Sūtra of the Sixth Patriarch"). A rather late "brief preface” (luexu) to the ''Liuzu tan jing'' is also retrospectively attributed to Fahai. The story of this figure may have been based on a monk by the same name who was affiliated with the Niutou zong of Chan. (Source: "Fahai." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 289. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Fazang + (Fazang is Zhiyan’s most accomplished and i … Fazang is Zhiyan’s most accomplished and influential student, and became the third patriarch of Huayan. He is responsible for systematizing and extending Zhiyan’s teaching, and for securing the prominence of Huayan-style Buddhism at the imperial court. He is known especially for his definitive commentaries on the ''Avatamsaka Sutra'' and ''Awakening of Faith in Mahayana'', and for making Huayan doctrines accessible to laity with familiar technologies such as mirror halls and wood-block printing. These contributions support the traditional regard for Fazang as the third patriarch of the Huayan School.Fazang’s ancestors came from Sogdiana (a center for trade along the Silk Road, located in what is now parts of Uzbekistan and Tajikestan), but he was born in the Tang dynasty capital of Chang’an (now Xi’an), where his family had become culturally Chinese. Fazang was a fervently religious adolescent. Following a then-popular custom that took self-immolation as a sign of religious devotion, Fazang burned his fingers before a stupa at the age of 16. After becoming a monk, he assisted Xuanzang—famous for his pilgrimage to India—in translating Buddhist works from Sanskrit into Chinese. Fazang had doctrinal differences with Xuanzang, though, so he later became a disciple of Zhiyan, probably around 663 CE.Zhiyan’s access to the imperial court gave Fazang access to Empress Wu, with whom he quickly gained favor. He undertook a variety of public services, such as performing rain-prayer rituals and collaborating in various translation projects. He traveled throughout northern China, teaching the ''Avatamsaka Sutra'' and debating Daoists. He intervened in a 697 military confrontation with the Khitans, gaining further favor when Empress Wu ascribed to his ritual services an instrumental role in suppressing the rebellion. In addition, Fazang provided information to undermine plots by some of the empress’ advisors to secure power after her death. This secured Fazang’s status—and the prominence of Huayan teachings—with subsequent rulers. ([https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/buddhism-huayan/#Faza643712 Source Accessed Jan 28, 2020])#Faza643712 Source Accessed Jan 28, 2020]))
Chaoul, M. + (Founding Director – Jung Center’s Mind Bod … Founding Director – Jung Center’s Mind Body Spirit Institute Adjunct Faculty – Integrative Medicine Program Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation & Integrative Medicine MD Anderson Cancer Center Adjunct Faculty – McGovern Center for Humanities and Ethics McGovern Medical School, UT Health Instructor – Rice University Glasscock School of Continuing Studies, aster of Liberal Studies program Instructor – University of Maryland, Baltimore, Masters in Integrative MedicineDr. Chaoul is the Huffington Foundation Endowed Director of the Mind Body Spirit Institute at the Jung Center of Houston, bringing a new approach for helping healthcare professionals flourish by reducing stress and burnout, and improving health, resilience and nourish the human spirit.He holds a PhD in Tibetan religions from Rice University, and has studied in the Tibetan tradition since 1989, and for almost 30 years with Yongdzin Tenzin Namdak and Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche, completing the 7-year training at Ligmincha Institute in 2000, and also training in Triten Norbutse monastery in Nepal and Menri monastery in India.Alejandro is a Senior Teacher of The 3 Doors, an international organization founded by Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche with the goal of transforming lives through meditation, and since 1995, he has been teaching meditation classes and Tibetan Yoga (Tsa Lung & Trul Khor) workshops nationally and internationally under the auspices of Ligmincha International.In 1999 he began teaching these techniques at the Integrative Medicine Program of the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, TX, where he holds an adjunct faculty position and for the last twenty years has conducted research on the effect of these practices in people with cancer and their caregivers. He is also an adjunct faculty member at The University of Texas’ McGovern Center for Humanities and Ethics, where he teaches medical students in the areas of spirituality, complementary and integrative medicine, and end-of-life care. In addition he is an Instructor at Rice University’s Glasscock School of Continuing Studies Master of Liberal Studies program and an at The University of Maryland, Baltimore, Masters in Integrative Medicine.In addition, he is an advisor to The Rothko Chapel and past board member of The Boniuk Center for Religious Tolerance at Rice University, and founding member of Compassionate Houston. His research and publications focus on mind-body practices in integrative care, examining how these practices can reduce chronic stress, anxiety and sleep disorders and improve quality of life. He is the author of ''Chod Practice in the Bon Tradition'' (SnowLion, 2009), ''Tibetan Yoga for Health and Wellbeing'' (Hay House, 2018), and ''Tibetan Yoga: Magical Movements of Body, Breath & Mind'' (Wisdom Publications, 2021). He has published in the area of religion and medicine, medical anthropology and the interface of spirituality and healing. Dr. Chaoul has been recognized as a Fellow at the Mind & Life Institute. ([https://alechaoul.com/home/about-ale/ Source Accessed Nov 27, 2023]) Institute. ([https://alechaoul.com/home/about-ale/ Source Accessed Nov 27, 2023]))
Staron, G. + (Gabriele Staron is a translator who took p … Gabriele Staron is a translator who took part in the Translator Training Program 2006-2008 initiated by Venerable Khenchen Konchog Gyaltsen Rinpoche from the Drikung Kagyu Institute, Dehradun. She has translated Ayang Thubten Rinpoche’s ''Rays of Sunlight'', a commentary on Zhedang Dorje's ''The Heart of the Mahāyāna Teachings'', a detailed guide to the stages of the path to awakening.de to the stages of the path to awakening.)
Dalai Lama, 1st + (Gendün Drub was a close disciple of Tsongk … Gendün Drub was a close disciple of Tsongkhapa, after first ordaining and training in the great Kadam monastery of Nartang. Gendün Drub was instrumental in spreading the new Geluk tradition in Tsang; he founded the great monastery Tashilhunpo in 1447 and was its first abbot, until 1484. He was posthumously identified as the First Dalai Lama, a previous incarnation of the third Dalai Lama, Sonam Gyatso, who first held the title. Gendün Drub was identified as an emanation of Avalokiteshvara, the bodhisattva of compassion believed to be embodied in the Dalai Lama incarnation line.bodied in the Dalai Lama incarnation line.)
Arnold, G. + (Geoffrey Shugen Arnold is the abbot and re … Geoffrey Shugen Arnold is the abbot and resident teacher of Zen Mountain Monastery and abbot of the Zen Center of New York City. He received dharma transmission from John Daido Loori Roshi in 1997. ([https://www.lionsroar.com/mind-is-buddha/ Source Accessed Nov 18, 2019])-is-buddha/ Source Accessed Nov 18, 2019]))
Gelek, Drakpa + (Geshe Drakpa Gelek (1955–2018) was born Lh … Geshe Drakpa Gelek (1955–2018) was born Lhakpa Tsering to parents in the Keydong, Zongka region in Central Tibet. He sought political asylum in India in the wake of Communist China's invasion and subsequent occupation of Tibet, which until then, preserved one of humankind's most ancient civilizations and traditions. He began his monastic education in one of Tibet's largest center of learning, Drepung Losel-Ling Monastic University, which is now re-established in India. (Founded in 1416 in Tibet, Drepung was the home of the early Dalai Lamas.)He was formally ordained as a novice monk by His Eminence Drepung Khenchen Pema Gyaltsen and was given the religious name Drakpa Gelek. In 1991, Geshe Drakpa Gelek successfully completed the intensive spiritual studies and training in the five sciences, and graduated with a Master of Metaphysics degree, called Geshe, from Drepung Loseling Monastic University. Following completion of the Geshe degree, he enrolled himself at the re-established Lower Tantric University in Hunsur, India, in 1992. For his skilled communication and originality, he was unanimously appointed as Disciplinarian of the Tantric University. Geshe Drakpa taught Buddhist philosophy and practice at Drepung University from 1991 to 1997, and is well-known for his spiritual insights, knowledge, and debating skills.He received profound and vast Buddhist teachings from distinguished and accomplished spiritual teachers including His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama, the Dalai Lama's tutors His Eminence Kyabje Ling Rinpoche and His Eminence Kyabje Trijang Rinpoche, as well as other realized Buddhist saint-scholars. He received spiritual education in the five major Buddhist philosophy and tenets (such as the Buddhist Science of Debate, the perfection of wisdom, the theory of the Middle Way View, ethical discipline, and the Buddhist science of Cosmology by several of Tibet's renowned saint-scholars and accomplished spiritual masters such as His Eminence Drepung Khenchen Pema Gyaltsen, and His Eminence Shakor Khen Nyima Gyaltsen.Geshe Drakpa received rare oral transmissions of the entire texts of the Buddha's actual teaching, the Kangyur in 1999 and 2000, and the complete works of the founder of the Gelukpa sect, Je Tsongkhapa Rinpoche, and his two heart-disciples saint-scholar Gyaltsab Je and Khedrup Je. He also received explanatory transmission of "The Great Commentary of the Kalachakra Tantra" from His Eminence Kyabje Kirti Tsenshab Rinpoche, and the complete oral transmission of the 225 voluminous Buddhist spiritual commentaries, the Tengyur, written by the great masters from India and Tibet, from the accomplished hermit His Eminence Paknang Rinpoche.Geshe-la spend many years living in solitude in spiritual retreat in the high mountains in Dharamsala where the headquarters of the Tibetan Government in-exile is based. He received empowerments and experiential teachings from His Holiness the Dalai Lama and occasionally from other spiritual teachers. He has taught general Tantra and Kalachakra Tantra grounds and paths to the monks of Namgyal Monastery, the personal monastery of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, during their regular annual summer retreat. In recent years he traveled to the United States, South Korea, Spain, Belgium, and France to give teachings.Geshe-la passed away in India in December, 2018. ([https://www.tbcwp.org/geshe-drakpa-gelek-archive.html Source Accessed Dec 1, 2023])archive.html Source Accessed Dec 1, 2023]))
Nornang, Ngawang + (Geshe Nawang L. Nornang (Nor nang Ngag dba … Geshe Nawang L. Nornang (Nor nang Ngag dbang blo mthun) was born on 9 December, 1924, the wood-rat year, to Rdo rje rgyal po and Dbyangs can of the aristocratic Nor nang family, the sixth of their nine children, at a time when his father was commissioner of Sku rnam Rdzong in Dwags po.In 1933, Geshela entered the G.yul sgang private school in Lhasa where he studied reading and writing until 1937. Thereafter he spent a year under the tutelage of his maternal uncle, Thub bstan kun mkhyen, one of the chief secretaries (drung yig che mo) of the Ecclesiastic Office (Yig tshang).In 1938, he took his novice vows in the presence of the Stag brag Regent, and he was enrolled in Dwags po Bshad sgrub rnam rgyal ba’i gling, a monastery noted for its strict devotion to scholarship and discipline. There he was tutored by Dge bshes Blo bzang dbyigs bsnyen in logic, philosophy and ritual, following a standard Dge-lugs-pa curriculum which included the Abhisamayālaṃkāra and other Prajñāpāramitā works, the Abhidharmakośa and its commentaries, the Madhyamakāvatāra and the major works of Tsong kha pa on Madhyamaka, works by the 19thgdan rab of Dwags po, Rje byams pa chos mchog and on logic by Phur bu lcog yongs ‘dzin. As a chos mdzad, a monk whose family makes a substantial contribution to the monastery and is thereby excused from the obligatory labor of a young monk, he was also allowed to visit his family in Lhasa for three months a year.In 1946, Geshela took his vows as fully ordained monk and served as a tutor at Bshad sgrub gling. In 1948, he served for two years as monastic treasurer (phyag mdzod). In 1950, monastic stores were almost depleted due to the over-enrolment of monks, and the monastery petitioned the government for a permit to solicit funds and supplies. Geshela was in charge of this mission and travelled extensively throughout Central Tibet in order to do so. He also visited India twice on wool-trading trips in 1953 and 1956, when he also completed the pilgrimage at Bodh Gaya during the 2500th anniversary of the parinirvāṇa of the Buddha. He also continued his studies toward the geshe degree which he completed just before the 1959 revolt in Tibet. Unfortunately the political turmoil of that year prevented the formal conferral of the degree.From 1954 on, as the representative for his monastery, he also went annually to Lhasa for the “Great Prayer Festival” (Smon lam chen mo), when the government would honor a request to supply monasteries with fiscal help.At the time of the revolt in 1959, he was in Lhasa for the Great Prayer Festival. After the Dalai Lama fled, he returned to his monastery, but Chinese military movements in the area forced him to flee south through E, Gnyal, Bya yul, Klo yul and the Northeast Frontier Area of India. After two months at Misamari refugee camp he took up residence in Kalimpong with relatives and lived there until 1960, when he and his niece, Lhadon Karsip (Rnam rgyal lha sgron Skyar srib), were brought to the University of Washington by Professor Turrell V. Wylie as Tibetan language instructors in the University’s newly-established Tibet Studies Program, the first of its kind in the United States.At this time, the Far Eastern Languages Department at the University of Washington had also contracted with the US Office of Education under the National Defense Education Act to produce the first systematic study and teaching materials of the Lhasa dialect of Tibetan. His work with the linguists Chang Kun and Betty Shefts Chang over the next three years resulted in their Manual of Spoken Tibetan (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1964), as well as material that Chang & Shefts published later (Spoken Tibetan Texts, Taipei:Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, 1978-1980). After the NDEA contract expired in 1963, Geshela was hired by the Department of Asian Languages and Literature as Tibetan language instructor, where he remained until his retirement in 1985. During this time he also coauthored with Melvyn C. Goldstein Modern Spoken Tibetan: Lhasa Dialect (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1970). It would be no exaggeration to say that, through these works, particularly the latter, Geshela became the primary teacher of Lhasa Tibetan to a generation of scholars. In addition to his language teaching duties, Geshela worked tirelessly for his students and colleagues at the University of Washington, giving generously of his time and knowledge to help students and scholars with their projects, whether they involved translations from Tibetan, questions in Buddhist philosophy or other social and cultural subjects. His influence and assistance, acknowledged or otherwise, is found in many works of students who passed through the Tibetan program at the University of Washington and elsewhere for more than a quarter of a century and even well beyond the time he retired. He was always available to help many new Tibetans settle in when they came to live in the Seattle area, and he volunteered to teach Tibetan to Tibetan children for more than twelve years. ([https://asian.washington.edu/news/2014/11/24/memory-geshe-nornang-1924-2014 Source Accessed Oct 31, 2023])rnang-1924-2014 Source Accessed Oct 31, 2023]))
Dorjee, Pema + (Geshe Pema Dorjee is an internationally re … Geshe Pema Dorjee is an internationally recognized authority, scholar, and teacher of Tibetan Buddhism. His fluent English, keen intellect, clear and practical explanations, warm-hearted nature, and infectious sense of humor enrich his talks and discussions with meaning and inspiration.He was born into a nomadic family in Tibet in 1951. They escaped from the invading Chinese, and he settled in Dharamsala, India, the seat of the Tibetan government-in-exile and the home of His Holiness the Dalai Lama.From 1973 to 1981 at the Institute of Buddhist Dialectics founded by H.H. the Dalai Lama in Dharamsala, he completed an undergraduate degree and two Masters degrees in Buddhist Philosophy, one in Prajnaparamita (the Perfection of Wisdom) and one in Madhyamika (the Middle Way).For the next 16 years, he dedicated himself to the Tibetan Children’s Village School located in Dharamsala. For nine of those years, he taught Tibetan Buddhism, language, and culture. In 1990, he was appointed Principal of the school, and from 1993 to 1997 he was its Director.In 1995, he earned his Geshe degree at the Drepung Loseling Monastery.Geshe Pema Dorjee served for two years as the Principal of the Tibetan Teachers Training Center. He was then named the first Principal of the College for Higher Tibetan Studies, and he remained in charge of that College from 1997 to 2002.The Tibetan government-in-exile asked him to undertake various tasks. The Cabinet, for example, appointed him to the Higher Level Textbook Review Committee. His Holiness appointed him as a member of the Public Service Commission. The Department of Health appointed him as spiritual counselor to former political prisoners who had been tortured.In 2001, H. H. the Dalai Lama asked Geshe Pema Dorjee to revive an important part of Tibetan Buddhism that had fallen into desuetude, the Bodong tradition. Fulfilling this task required him to establish both a scholarly project and a very practical one. To find the lost writings of that ancient tradition, to study them, translate them, and publish them, he founded in 2003 and continues to direct the [[Bodong Research and Publication Center]] in Dharamsala. To educate new monks in the Bodong tradition, he founded and continues to direct the Bodong monastery and school known as Porong Pelmo Choeding in Kathmandu, Nepal.Although he insists that he is only a simple monk, Geshe Pema Dorjee lives the compassionate life about which he preaches. He travels to the most remote and impoverished regions of Himalayan India and Nepal. After a thorough analysis of what is most needed, he creates, organizes, directs, and raises funds for numerous humanitarian projects.These projects include establishing schools, arranging medical care for the sick and injured, providing care for the elderly, creating an orphanage, supporting a drug rehabilitation center, educating villagers to protect them from human trafficking, creating a safe house for street girls, helping young people in Tibetan refugee camps, introducing new agricultural techniques, and providing safe water, toilets, and smokeless cookstoves.Since 1997, he has donated much of his time to teaching and lecturing about Buddhist philosophy in countries around the world, including Sweden, England, Switzerland, Belgium, Germany, Finland, Norway, France, Estonia, India, Nepal, and Israel.Since 2009, Geshe Pema Dorjee has lectured and taught in cities across the United States, including New York, Chicago, Minneapolis, Portland, Miami, San Francisco, Washington, D.C., Boston and Cambridge. (Source: [https://tibethouse.us/presenter/geshe-pema-dorjee/ Tibet House US])senter/geshe-pema-dorjee/ Tibet House US]))
Rabten, Geshe + (Geshe Rabten (1921–1986) was a Tibetan Ges … Geshe Rabten (1921–1986) was a Tibetan Geshe born in Tibet in 1921.He was a student at Sera Monastery in Lhasa, and achieved Geshe status before leaving Tibet in 1959. He became known as a debater, scholar, and meditation master.Lama Yeshe and Lama Zopa Rinpoche were guided by him in their early days outside of Tibet.In the mid 1960s Geshe Rabten was a religious assistant to the Dalai Lama.The Dalai Lama asked him to teach Dharma to Westerners in Dharamshala in 1969.He went to teach in Switzerland in 1974.He was the founder of the Rabten Choeling Centre (which was originally named Tharpa Choeling) in Switzerland in 1979. He remained there till his death in 1986.Other centres that he founded in Europe included the Tibetan centre in Hamburg, Tashi Rabten at the Letzehof, Puntsog Rabten in Munich and Gephel Ling in Milan. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geshe_Rabten Source Accessed Feb 23, 2023])eshe_Rabten Source Accessed Feb 23, 2023]))
Coleman, G. + (Graham Coleman is writer and director of t … Graham Coleman is writer and director of the acclaimed feature documentary ''Tibet: A Buddhist Trilogy''. He studied Tibetan language and literature at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, and between 1976 and 1989 received teachings on Tibetan Buddhist theory and practice, privately, from H. H. the Fourteenth Dalai Lama, H. H. Trijang Rinpoche, H. H. Dudjom Rinpoche, H. H. Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, and H. E. the Sixth Tharig Rinpoche. He has been chief executive of the Orient Foundation for Arts and Culture since 1983, and since 1988 has co-managed the creation of Tibetan-knowledge.org, one of the world’s largest online multimedia archives of classical Tibetan knowledge. From 2014 to the present he has co-managed the formation of Gompa – Tibetan Monastery Services in cooperation with senior Tibetan lamas and the major monasteries and nunneries of India and Nepal. He is editor of ''A Handbook of Tibetan Culture'' (Rider, 1993), the first complete translation of the ''Tibetan Book of the Dead'' (Penguin Classics, 2005), and ''Meditations on Living, Dying, and Loss'' (Penguin, 2008). (Source: [https://wisdomexperience.org/wisdom-podcast/graham-coleman/ Wisdom Experience])odcast/graham-coleman/ Wisdom Experience]))
Ge bcags rtogs ldan tshangs dbyangs rgya mtsho + (Great Dzogchen yogi and practitioner of the Ratna Lingpa (Rat+na gling pa) transmissions. A disciple of Drupwang Tsoknyi and rebirth of both Lingje Repa (Gling rje ras pa) and Guru Thugse Gyalwa Chogyang (Guru thugs sras rgyal ba mchog dbyangs).)
Rgya dmar ba byang chub grags + (Gyamarwa Changchub Drak (Wyl. rgya dmar ba … Gyamarwa Changchub Drak (Wyl. rgya dmar ba byang chub grags) was an important scholar born in the late eleventh or early twelfth century. He studied Madhyamika, Pramana and other philosophical topics with Khyung Rinchen Drak and Kangpa She'u Lodrö, and soon became an expert. From Lhajé Dawé Özer, he received many pith instructions related to the secret mantra from the lineage of Ancient Translations, and from Lhopa Könchok Pal he received instructions on mind training. As a result of his studies, he gained a reputation for excellent scholarship; and, in addition, he was also a holder of the lineage of pith instructions. In places such as Nyangro and Tölung, Sethang and elsewhere, he taught Madhyamika, Pramana, the treatises of Maitreya and other topics. His students included Chapa Chökyi Senge, Karmapa Düsum Khyenpa, Phagmodrupa Dorje Gyalpo, Chokro Chökyi Gyaltsen, Shyang Bal Tsepa, Kyilkhar Lhakhangwa and many other learned scholars. Chapa Chökyi Sengé, in particular, said that it was from Gyamarwa that he learned all the various tenets of Madhyamika and Pramana.Writings: Gyamarwa’s writings included commentaries on the Pramanasamuccaya and Madhyamaka Two Truths, and many original treatises, including summaries of Pramana and Middle Way philosophy. Recently discovered works include ''Ascertaining the Nature Itself in the Middle Way'' (''dbu ma’i de kho na nyid gtan la dbab pa''), which was found in a volume in the Nechu temple at Drepung Monastery, ''Summary of the Bodhicharyavatara'' (''spyod 'jug bsdus don''), and his clear explanation of the meaning of the text of the ''Bodhisattvacharyavatara''. ([https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Gyamarwa_Changchub_Drak Source Accessed Feb 8, 2023])rwa_Changchub_Drak Source Accessed Feb 8, 2023]))
Avertin, G. + (Gyurme Avertin began his study of the Tibe … Gyurme Avertin began his study of the Tibetan language in 1997. He spent two years following the Tibetan program at Langues’O University in Paris. He then went to Nepal in 1999 to study at the [[Rangjung Yeshe Institute]], before making his way to Bir in northern India, where he studied at Dzongsar Shedra. He regularly interprets for teachers visiting Rigpa centres and at the Rigpa Shedra East. (2014 Translation & Transmission Conference Program)slation & Transmission Conference Program))
Han Yongun + (Han Yongun. (한용운) (1879-1944). Korean monk … Han Yongun. (한용운) (1879-1944). Korean monk, poet, and writer, also known by his sobriquet Manhae or his ordination name Pongwan. In 1896, when Han was sixteen, both his parents and his brother were executed by the state for their connections to the Tonghak ("Eastern Learning") Rebellion. He subsequently joined the remaining forces of the Tonghak Rebellion and fought against the Chosǒn-dynasty governmentbut was forced to flee to Oseam hermitage on Mt. Sǒrak. He was ordained at the monastery of Paektamsa in 1905. Three years later, as one of the fifty-two monastic representatives, he participated in the establishment of the Wǒn chong (Consummate Order) and the foundation of its headquarters at Wǒnhǔngsa. After returning from a sojourn in Japan, where he witnessed Japanese Buddhism’s attempts to modernize in the face of the Meiji-era persecutions, Han Yongun wrote an influential tract in 1909 calling for radical changes in the Korean Buddhist tradition; this tract, entitled ''Chosǒn Pulgyo yusin non ("Treatise on the Reformation of Korean Buddhism"), set much of the agenda for Korean Buddhist modernization into the contemporary period. After Korea was formally annexed by Japan in 1910, Han devoted the rest of his life to the fight for independence. In opposition to the Korean monk HoegwangSasǒn's (1862-1933) attempt to merge the Korean Wǒn chong with the Japanese Sōtōshū, Han Yongun helped to establish the Imje chong (Linji order) with its headquarters at Pǒmǒsa in Pusan. In 1919, he actively participated in the March First independence movement and signed the Korean Declarationof Independence as a representative of the Buddhist community. As a consequence, he was sentenced to three years in prison by Japanese colonial authorities. In prison, he composed the ''Chosǒn Tongnip ǔi so'' ("Declaration of Korea’s Independence"). In 1925, three years after he was released from prison, he published a book of poetry entitled ''Nim ǔi ch'immuk'' ("Silence of the Beloved"), a veiled call for the freedom of Korea (the "beloved" of the poem) and became a leader in resistance literature; this poem is widely regarded as a classic of Korean vernacular writing. In 1930, Han became publisher of the monthly journal ''Pulgyo'' ("Buddhism"), through which he attempted to popularize Buddhism and to raise the issue of Korean political sovereignty. Han Yongun continued to lobby for independence until his death in 1944 at the age of sixty-six, unable to witness the long-awaited independence of Korea that occurred a year later on August 15th, 1945, with Japan's surrender in World War II. (Source: "Han Yongun." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 344–45. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Havnevik, H. + (Hanna Havnevik is Associate Professor, Dep … Hanna Havnevik is Associate Professor, Department of Culture Studies and Oriental Languages,University of Oslo (since 2002).Undergraduate studies in Social Anthropology, History, and the Study of Religion at the universities of Bergen and Oslo. Magister Artium thesis: "Tibetan Buddhist Nuns; History, Cultural Norms and Social Reality"; Doctor philos. thesis: The Life on Jetsun Lochen Rinpoche (1865-1951) as Told in Her Autobiography." Associate Professor at the Department of Culture Studies and Oriental Languages from 2003, Professor from 2012. Chair of the Network for University Cooperation Tibet-Norway 2003-2010. President of the International Association for Tibetan Studies from 2019. In 2016 Hanna convened the 14th International Seminar of Tibetan Studies (IATS) at the University of Bergen, in cooperation with Astrid Hovden, Associate Professor, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, and a group of researchers from UiO and UiB.d a group of researchers from UiO and UiB.)
Tenpa Tshering, Ngagyur Nyingma Khenpo + (He was born in Adrong in the Gojo region o … He was born in Adrong in the Gojo region of Kham and became a monk at young age at Goego Monastery, where he studied prayers and rituals. In 2004, he arrived in South India via Nepal and joined Namdrolling Monastery, where he began his study in grammar and language. In 2005, he joined Ngagyur Nyingma Institute and finished the nine-year program of study in general sciences and sūtra and tantric forms of Buddhism. Since the eighth grade, he served as assistant lecturer and manager of the summer retreat. He finished his education in 2015 and served as lecturer for eight years until 2022 and also as the treasurer for the Institute. He was conferred the title of Khenpo in 2023 by Karma Kuchen Rinpoche during the enthronement of the 8th cohort of Khenpos in Ngagyur Nyingma Institute. Currently, he is teaching at Tshogyal Shedrupling Nunnery. teaching at Tshogyal Shedrupling Nunnery.)
Blo gsal bstan skyong + (He was born in the upper Nyang region of T … He was born in the upper Nyang region of Tsang. His mother died early and he was brought up by a nun who was a student of one of the great masters of this time, Tshechogling Yeshe Gyaltsen. Losal Tenkyong was then eventually recognized as the incarnation of Drubwang Losal Tsengyen (1727-1802). His education was rather eclectic and he studied with the great Gelugpa masters of his day, such as Ngulchu Dharmabhadra (1772-1851) and the masters of his own Zhalu monastery (zhwa lu) as well masters of Ngor and Sakya. He became a noted ritual expert and especially excelled in his practice of the Kalacakra. Several of his works are included in such collections as the "rgyud sde kun btus" and "sgrub thabs kun btus". In his personal practice he also emphasized the Shangpa Kagyu teachings very much. Even though he is not mentioned in any Shangpa lineage supplication, he was of instrumental importance for the survival of the Shangpa Kagyu tradition and even authored some important empowerment and instruction manuals which are still in use today. As the abbot of the famous Kadampa monastery of Zhalu in western Tibet, originally founded by the fourteenth century scholar and historian Buton Rinchen Drub (1290-1364), he eventually managed to achieve the unsealing of the printing blocks of Taranatha's works at Jonang monastery, which contain so many Shangpa materials of crucial importance. He was a close friend and associate of both Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo and Jamgön Kongtrul Lodrö Thaye, and passed on a large number of transmissions to them, especially to Jamyang Khyentse, who received the full Shangpa Kagyu transmissions from him. (Source: [http://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/Shalu_Ribug_Tulku_Losal_Tenkyong RYwiki])/Shalu_Ribug_Tulku_Losal_Tenkyong RYwiki]))
Nevin, H. + (Heidi Nevin studied Tibetan language at Ma … Heidi Nevin studied Tibetan language at Manjushri Center for Tibetan Culture (1996-8); apprenticed to Kyabje Chatral Rinpoche (1996-2003); served Lama Tharchin by helping to translate the mkha’ ‘gro thugs thig (Vol. Ma of Dudjom Rinpoche’s Collected Works) and other texts (2006-present). She translated the autobiography of Khenpo Ngakchung (Wondrous Dance of Illusion, Shambhala, 2013, restricted text) and volume one of Dungse Trinley Norbu Rinpoche’s three-volume Collected Works (Shambhala 2022, as Ruby Rosary). She is currently translating volume 20 of the Complete Nyingma Tradition (mdo rgyud mdzod), among other things. Heidi lives in Corvallis, Oregon, USA.gs. Heidi lives in Corvallis, Oregon, USA.)
Herdman, H. + (Hilary Herdman, Ph.D, studied and taught a … Hilary Herdman, Ph.D, studied and taught at Rangjung Yeshe Institute at Ka-Nying Shedrub Ling monastery since 2000. Hilary was a founding member of the Dharmachakra Translation Committee. She completed an MA and later a Ph.D in Buddhist Studies at the University of Bristol, UK. Her thesis concerned the origins of pilgrimage and her research interests include pilgrimage, devotional and ritual practices, and their significance in the Buddhist tradition. She is a member of Samye Institute Executive Committee. She humbly wishes to thank her teachers, Khyabje Chökyi Nyima Rinpoche and Phakchok Rinpoche for their tremendous compassion, wisdom and kindness. Hilary feels deep gratitude to all the excellent Buddhist teachers throughout the years, and the lamas, khenpos, and nuns associated with Ka-Nying Shedrub Ling monastery. ([https://samyeinstitute.org/instructors/hilary-herdman/ Source Accessed Mar 9, 2023])ary-herdman/ Source Accessed Mar 9, 2023]))
Dalai Lama, 14th + (His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin G … His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, describes himself as a simple Buddhist monk. He is the spiritual leader of Tibet. He was born on 6 July 1935, to a farming family, in a small hamlet located in Taktser, Amdo, northeastern Tibet. At the age of two, the child, then named Lhamo Dhondup, was recognized as the reincarnation of the previous 13th Dalai Lama, Thubten Gyatso.The Dalai Lamas are believed to be manifestations of Avalokiteshvara or Chenrezig, the Bodhisattva of Compassion and the patron saint of Tibet. Bodhisattvas are realized beings inspired by a wish to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings, who have vowed to be reborn in the world to help humanity. ([https://www.dalailama.com/the-dalai-lama/biography-and-daily-life/brief-biography Read more here . . .])ife/brief-biography Read more here . . .]))
Karmapa, 17th + (His Holiness the 17th Gyalwang Karmapa Org … His Holiness the 17th Gyalwang Karmapa Orgyen Trinley Dorje is the head of the 900-year-old Karma Kagyu Lineage and guide to millions of Buddhists around the world. Orgyen Trinley Dorje is a Tibetan practitioner and scholar, a painter, poet, songwriter and playwright, an environmental and social justice activist, and world spiritual leader who uses modern technology, such as Facebook and other digital platforms, to teach Buddhism and bring the Karma Kagyu lineage’s activities fully into the 21st century. You can see some of the projects he has initiated on Adarsha or Dharma Treasures: [https://digital-toolbox.dharma-treasure.org/ Digital Toolbox] & [https://dharmaebooks.org/ Dharma Books] [https://kagyuoffice.org/news/ News and links to teachings from His Holiness]*[https://kagyuoffice.org/joint-long-life-prayer-for-kunzig-shamar-rinpoches-reincarnation/ Long Life Prayer for Shamar Rinpoche with HH Karmapa Trinley Thaye Dorje]*[https://www.facebook.com/karmapa/ Facebook - Live Teachings and News]*[http://www.kagyuoffice.org/karmapa.html Karmapa Biography from kagyuoffice.org]*[https://kagyu.org/gyalwang-karmapa-ogyen-trinley-dorje/ Karmapa Biography from kagyu.org][[Category:Karmapas]]Category:Karmapas]])
Sakya Trizin, 42nd + (His Holiness the 42nd Kyabgon Gongma Trizi … His Holiness the 42nd Kyabgon Gongma Trizin, Ratna Vajra Rinpoche, is the eldest son of His Holiness Sakya Trichen (the 41st Sakya Trizin). He is considered one of the most highly qualified lineage masters of Tibetan Buddhism. Renowned for his erudition and the clarity of his teachings, His Holiness the 42nd Sakya Trizin the prestigious Khön family, whose successive generations have provided an unbroken lineage of outstanding masters.On March 9, 2017, His Holiness accepted the mantle of leadership from his esteemed father and root guru, in his new capacity as the 42nd Sakya Trizin or throne holder of the lineage. In doing so, he will continue to guide and inspire Dharma students from all over the world with his wisdom, genuine qualities of unaffected simplicity, humility and complete honesty, by presenting the Buddha’s teachings in the most authentic way, while maintaining the purest of Buddhist traditions.[https://hhsakyatrizin.net/42nd-sakya-trizin/ Source accessed on July 11, 2023]-trizin/ Source accessed on July 11, 2023])
Shutong, L. + (Hong Yi (23 October 1880 – 13 October 1942 … Hong Yi (23 October 1880 – 13 October 1942; Chinese: 弘一; pinyin: Hóngyī, also romanized Hung Yit), or Yan Yin (Chinese: 演音; pinyin: Yǎnyīn), born Li Shutong (李叔同 and 李漱筒) was a Chinese Buddhist monk, artist and art teacher. He also went by the names Wen Tao, Guang Hou, and Shu Tong, but was most commonly known by his Buddhist name, Hong Yi. He was a master painter, musician, dramatist, calligrapher, seal cutter, poet, and Buddhist monk.He was born in Tianjin to a banking family originating in Hongtong County, Shanxi, that migrated to Tianjin in the Ming Dynasty, though his mother was from Pinghu, Zhejiang province.In 1898 Li moved to Shanghai and joined the "Shanghai Painting and Calligraphy Association,", and the "Shanghai Scholarly Society" while he was attending the Nanyang Public School (later became Jiaotong University). In 1905 Li went to Japan to study at Tokyo School of Fine Art in Ueno Park where he specialized in Western painting and music, and met a lover by the name of Yukiko who was to become his concubine. In 1910 Li returned to China and was appointed to Tianjin's Beiyang Advanced Industry School. The next year he was appointed as a music teacher in a girls' school in Shanghai. He went to Hangzhou in 1912 and became a lecturer in the Zhejiang Secondary Normal College (now Hangzhou Normal University). He taught not only Western painting and music but also art history. By 1915 Jiang Qian hired him as a teacher at Nanjing Higher Normal School (renamed in 1949 to Nanjing University), where he taught painting and music. He also taught at Zhejiang Secondary Normal School (浙江兩級師範學堂), the predecessor of the famous Hangzhou High School.During these later years, Li's reputation grew, as he became the first Chinese educator to use nude models in his painting classes, not to mention as the first teacher of Western music in China. Some of the students, like Singapore artist Chen Wen Hsi (陳文希) whom he personally groomed, went on to become accomplished masters of the arts in their later days. Li Shutong himself was also an accomplished composer and lyricist. Many of his compositions are still remembered and performed today.In 1916 [he took?] refuge in the Three Jewels of Buddhism. After spending another year there, Li began a new chapter in his life by choosing to be ordained as a monk, and thus began a holistic life dedicated to propagating Buddhism and its code of conduct. After becoming a monk he practised only calligraphy, developing a simple and unadorned, yet unique style, which was treasured by everyone who received a sample. He became known to all as Master Hong Yi. In 1942, Master Hong Yi died peacefully at the age of 61 in Quanzhou, Fujian Province. Li is one of the three great poetic monks in the late Qing Dynasty. (Others for Su Manshu, Shi Jingan). ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Yi Source Accessed July 21, 2023])ki/Hong_Yi Source Accessed July 21, 2023]))
Ives, I. + (Ian Ives grew up in the US and has been a … Ian Ives grew up in the US and has been a student of Sogyal Rinpoche since he was a teenager. He studied at the Rigpa Shedra East in Pharping, Nepal under the guidance of Khenchen Namdrol from 2007 to 2012, and before that at Rigpa Shedra West, from 2003 to 2006. He attended the seven-month teaching periods of Rigpa’s 2006–2009 Three Year Retreat, and served as a teaching assistant to Rinpoche from 2007 to 2017; travelling with him extensively from 2012 onward. Since this time, and with the encouragement of Rinpoche, he has been guiding study sessions and teaching on topics connected to the foundational and Mahayana levels.Ian helps design and guide Rigpa’s international study programme and the programme for Lerab Ling, Rigpa’s retreat centre in southern France. He has a family with two young children and lives near Lerab Ling. ([https://www.rigpa.org/rigpa-teachers Source Accessed June 28, 2023])a-teachers Source Accessed June 28, 2023]))
Villarreal, I. + (Ian Villarreal is a mystic, altruist, poet … Ian Villarreal is a mystic, altruist, poet, artist, videographer, historical video archivist, tax accountant and licensed tax preparer. In 1994 he became part of Vimala Video, a small non-profit historical video archive established in 1980 dedicated to documenting the historical transmission of Varjayana Buddhism to the West. As one of a team of two primary videographers, he has captured hundreds of hours of footage of largely Tibetan teachers teaching in various venues in California, Oregon, Montana, and Maryland. In addition to editing and producing for dissemination a number of documentary videos, he is engaged in the task of archiving, cataloging, and preserving the body of rare footage accumulated over the last forty years. He serves on the board of Vimala Video, and works in a volunteer capacity contributing to the support and maintenance of the video archive. He is also a board member of Heartisan Foundation and serves as Secretary/Treasurer.ndation and serves as Secretary/Treasurer.)
Shelton, C. + (In addition to her role with [The Contempl … In addition to her role with [The Contemplative Resource Center] (CRC), Cindy is a board member of the nonprofit charity Causa.international, and serves in the office of Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche as chief of staff. For 10 years, she worked as managing editor for Bodhi Magazine, a publication of Nalandabodhi, a nonprofit Buddhist network of meditation centers. She currently serves as the primary editor of Ponlop Rinpoche’s commercial books. Cindy is a practicing Buddhist and has been a student of Ponlop Rinpoche since 1996.Cindy earned a BA in English from Rollins College, an MA in Secondary Education from Florida International University, and an MA in Contemplative Religious Studies from Naropa University. After many years in Boulder, Colorado and Seattle, Washington, she now resides in Sarasota, Florida, with frequent stays at the Contemplative Resource Center in Bandera, Texas. She has a keen interest in community outreach programs for youth and families and in environmental education. ([https://crctexas.info/team/ Source Accessed Aug 1, 2023])s.info/team/ Source Accessed Aug 1, 2023]))
Bacot, J. + (Jacques Bacot (4 July 1877 – 18 June 1965) … Jacques Bacot (4 July 1877 – 18 June 1965) was an explorer and pioneering French Tibetologist. He travelled extensively in India, western China, and the Tibetan border regions. He worked at the École pratique des hautes études. Bacot was the first western scholar to study the Tibetan grammatical tradition, and along with F. W. Thomas (1867–1956) belonged to the first generation of scholars to study the Old Tibetan Dunhuang manuscripts. Bacot made frequent use of Tibetan informants. He acquired aid from Gendün Chöphel in studying Dunhuang manuscripts. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Bacot Source Accessed Dec 7, 2023])acques_Bacot Source Accessed Dec 7, 2023]))
Pratt, J. + (James Bissett Pratt (June 22, 1875 – Janua … James Bissett Pratt (June 22, 1875 – January 15, 1944) held the Mark Hopkins Chair of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy at Williams College. He was president of the American Theological Society from 1934 to 1935.Born in Elmira, New York, Pratt was the only child of Daniel Ransom Pratt and Katharine Graham Murdoch. He had an early appreciation of being read to by his mother, and particularly admired the idealism of Ralph Waldo Emerson in his youth. Pratt graduated from Elmira Free Academy in 1893, then attended Williams College, graduating in 1898.He subsequently studied at the University of Berlin and at Harvard University, earning his doctorate through his mentor William James in 1905. He returned to Williams to teach and write on philosophy thereafter. Pratt began teaching at Williams College in 1905 as Instructor of Philosophy. In 1906, he was promoted to Assistant Professor.In 1910, Pratt traveled to Chicago, where he met his future wife, Catherine Mariotti. They traveled to Italy in 1911 and were married. In 1917, Pratt was named the Mark Hopkins Chair of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy. He took a sabbatical in 1923, travelling in the Far East and teaching at the Chinese Christian University in Peking. Pratt retired in 1943 and received an honorary L.H.D. from Williams College. He died on January 15, 1944. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bissett_Pratt Source Accessed Nov 20, 2023])''The Pilgrimage of Buddhism and a Buddhist Pilgrimage'' (New York: Macmillan, 1928) constitutes his major contribution to Buddhist studies.is major contribution to Buddhist studies.)
Cahill, J. + (James Cahill [was] an art historian and cu … James Cahill [was] an art historian and curator who played an influential role in expanding the study and teaching of Chinese painting in the West before and after the opening up of U.S.-China relations in the early 1970s . . .A longtime professor at UC Berkeley, Cahill was a dominant scholar in his field for 50 years. In the late 1950s, he was one of a small number of Western scholars permitted access to the imperial paintings that had been evacuated to Taiwan before the Chinese mainland fell under Communist rule. He was allowed to photograph many of the works for ''Chinese Painting'', his classic 1960 text that for decades was required reading in Chinese art history classes. ([https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-cahill-20140222-story.html#axzz2uLyt7i66 Adapted from Source July 14, 2023])yt7i66 Adapted from Source July 14, 2023]))
Low, J. + (James Low is a disciple and teacher in the … James Low is a disciple and teacher in the Byangter and Khordong lineages of the late Chhimed Rigdzin Lama.He began studying and practising Tibetan Buddhism in India in the 1960’s and received teachings from Kalu Rinpoche, Chatral Rinpoche, Kanjur Rinpoche and Dudjom Rinpoche. Having met his root teacher, Chhimed Rigdzin Lama (also known as C R Lama), he lived in his home in West Bengal, India for many years, serving him as required and being taught many aspects of the tradition. During this period in India James did several retreats and pilgrimages in the Himalayas. In the 1970’s and 1980’s, on his return to Europe, he also had teachings and guidance from Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche.James translated many tantric texts and sadhanas with CR Lama who wanted texts from his lineages, Byangter and Khordong, to be available in English. These are used as practice texts by CR Lama’s disciples and have been translated into various European languages.C R Lama asked James to teach in 1976 and later gave him the transmissions necessary to do this, together with full lineage authority. In particular, James was encouraged to give the traditional instructions using methods that enable people in the west to get the point. James has been teaching in this way for over twenty years.James regularly teaches the principles of dzogchen in Europe and he publishes translations and commentaries from time to time. . . .James studied at Edinburgh and other universities and has retired from his work in London as a Consultant Psychotherapist in the National Health Service. He is slowly winding down his private psychotherapy practice. He has taught on many psychotherapy trainings in Britain. ([https://simplybeing.co.uk/about-james-low-2/ Source Accessed Nov 29, 2023])ames-low-2/ Source Accessed Nov 29, 2023]))
'jam dbyangs blo gter dbang po + (Jamyang Loter Wangpo was an important Rime … Jamyang Loter Wangpo was an important Rime Sakya master of Ngor Thartse Monastery who played a key role in the Rimé movement. He was a disciple of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo and a teacher of Jamyang Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö. He is well known for compiling the Compendium of Tantras under the inspiration of his guru, Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo as well as publishing the very first printed edition of the Explanation for Private Disciples of the Lamdre system of the Sakya School, which before that had been transmitted only orally and was tenuously preserved in manuscript form. Jamyang Loter Wangpo also received Dzogchen instructions from Nyoshul Lungtok. The collection of 139 painted mandala thangkas for the Compendium of Tantras was saved in 1958 by Sonam Gyatso Thartse Khen Rinpoche, and later published in more than one edition. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Jamyang_Loter_Wangpo Rigpa Wiki])hp?title=Jamyang_Loter_Wangpo Rigpa Wiki]))
Paine, J. + (Jeffery Paine is a writer recognized for h … Jeffery Paine is a writer recognized for his work in bringing Eastern culture and spirituality to popular audiences in the West. "Jeffery Paine is an unusual voice in American letters," observed Indian novelist and Underscretary General of the United Nations Shashi Tharoor, "one steeped in the wisdom of the East and yet infused with a knowing and witty sensibility that is profoundly Western." Paine's books, such as Father India and Re-enchantment, have been named by publications ranging from Publishers Weekly to Spirituality & Health as "Best Book of the Year." His writing falls in the category of creative or literary nonfiction, which unites original scholarship with the dramatic narrative and character development associated with a novel.Paine was born midcentury in Houston and grew up in Goose Creek and Baytown, Texas. He studied history at Rice University and received his PhD in crosscultural intellectual history from Princeton University. When he began writing he supported himself by managing hotels in America and Europe, including the oldest hotel in Amsterdam, and afterwards by working in advertising and public relations. He was later the editor-in-chief of Universal Reference Publishers and literary editor of the magazine the Wilson Quarterly.He has received fellowships from the Woodrow Wilson Foundation, the American Institute of Indian Studies, and from the Templeton Foundation[9] to study Tibetan medicine at Cambridge University. During the 1990s he was regularly a visiting fellow at the East–West Center in Honolulu and subsequently had residencies at Yaddo, the MacDowell Colony, and the Rockefeller Foundation Bellagio Center. Paine has been a guest professor at Princeton University, San Francisco State University, the New School for Social Research, the Volksuniversiteit Amsterdam, and the University of Minnesota. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffery_Paine Source Accessed Feb 6, 2023])ki/Jeffery_Paine Source Accessed Feb 6, 2023]))
Bolick, J. + (Jerry has been a nembutsu follower for som … Jerry has been a nembutsu follower for some twenty-five years or so, closely connected with the San Francisco Buddhist Temple most of that time. The late Rev. Ken Yamaguchi took him on as his unofficial assistant many years ago and opened the door to many wonderful experiences that the average lay follower would not have. He has, for most of that time, and continues now, to be an active lay speaker, mostly in the small Shinsu temple in Marin County, across the Golden Gate Bridge - from time to time, he speaks at other temples. ([http://www.nembutsu.info/poets/ Source Accessed Mar 21, 2023])info/poets/ Source Accessed Mar 21, 2023]))
Jhado Rinpoche + (Jhado Rinpoche is one of the most highly e … Jhado Rinpoche is one of the most highly esteemed lamas in the Geluk lineage today. In addition to his excellent education in the Geluk monastic college system, over the years Rinpoche has also received many oral transmissions and empowerments from His Holiness the Dalai Lama and his two main tutors, as well as from many great teachers from other traditions. Renowned for his keen intelligence and dynamic teaching style, Jhado Rinpoche is also highly acclaimed for his ability to engage Western students in ways that are interesting and personally relevant. In addition to these qualities, Rinpoche is also well known and loved for his gentle demeanor and his kindness. ([https://maitripa.org/jhado-rinpoche/ Source Accessed Dec 2, 2023])do-rinpoche/ Source Accessed Dec 2, 2023]))
Jingjue + (Jingjue. (J. Jōkaku; K. Chǒnggak 淨覺) (683- … Jingjue. (J. Jōkaku; K. Chǒnggak 淨覺) (683-c. 760). Chinese author of the ''Lengqie shizi ji'' ("Records of the Masters and Disciples of the Laṅkāvatārasūtra" ); an early lineage record of the Chan zong, presented from the standpoint of the so-called Northern school (Bei zong). (Source: "Jingjue." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 389. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Halifax, J. + (Joan Jiko Halifax (born July 30, 1942) is … Joan Jiko Halifax (born July 30, 1942) is an American Zen Buddhist teacher, anthropologist, ecologist, civil rights activist, hospice caregiver, and the author of several books on Buddhism and spirituality. She currently serves as abbot and guiding teacher of Upaya Zen Center in Santa Fe, New Mexico, a Zen Peacemaker community which she founded in 1990. Halifax-roshi has received Dharma transmission from both Bernard Glassman and Thich Nhat Hanh, and previously studied with the Korean master Seung Sahn. In the 1970s she collaborated on LSD research projects with her ex-husband Stanislav Grof, in addition to other collaborative efforts with Joseph Campbell and Alan Lomax. She is founder of the Ojai Foundation in California, which she led from 1979 to 1989. As a socially engaged Buddhist, Halifax has done extensive work with the dying through her Project on Being with Dying (which she founded). She is on the board of directors of the Mind and Life Institute, a non-profit organization dedicated to exploring the relationship of science and Buddhism. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Halifax Source Accessed July 24, 2023])an_Halifax Source Accessed July 24, 2023]))
Reynolds, J. + (John Myrdhin Reynolds, aka Vajranatha, stu … John Myrdhin Reynolds, aka Vajranatha, studied History of Religions, Anthropology, Arabic, Sanskrit, Tibetan, and Buddhist Studies at Columbia University, at the University of California at Berkeley, and at the University of Washington at Seattle. At the former he pursued Islamic Studies under Prof. Arthur Jeffrey and Iranian Studies under Prof. J. Duchesne-Guillemin. He did his PhD research in Sanskrit, Tibetan, and Buddhist Philosophy under Prof. Edward Conze, the world-renowned scholar of the Buddhist Prajnaparamita literature.He then spent more than ten years in India and Nepal doing field research at various Hindu Ashrams in South India and at Tibetan Buddhist monasteries in Darjeeling, Kalimpong, and Nepal. At these latter locales, he researched the literature, rituals, and meditation practices of the Nyingmapa and Kagyudpa schools of Tibetan Buddhism. His Lama teachers included Dezhung Rinpoche, Kangyur Rinpoche, Chatral Rinpoche, Dudjom Rinpoche, Kalu Rinpoche, Gyalwa Karmapa, and many others. His special study was Dzogchen and the Buddhist Tantras, both in their own terms, and in comparison with Gnosticism and other mystical traditions of the West. As a result, he translated into English many original Tibetan texts belonging to the Nyingmapa and Kagyudpa traditions, and more recently texts from the Bon tradition. In Nepal he researched the techniques and lore of Tibetan shamanism, including rites of exorcism and soul retrieval, employed and practiced among Ngakpa Lamas belonging to the Nyingmapa school. The thrust of this research was experiential and participatory, and not just restricted to texts. He has been initiated into both the Nyingmapa and the Kagyudpa orders of Tibetan Buddhism and in 1974 in Kalimpong he received ordination from HH Dudjom Rinpoche as a Ngakpa or Buddhist Tantric Yogin of the Nyingmapa order, receiving the name Vajranatha (Rigdzin Dorje Gonpo). With the inspiration and permission of His Holiness, he began in-depth research into the Ngakpa tradition of Tibetan Buddhism stemming from Guru Padmasambhava and Nubchen Sangye Yeshe in the 8th century of our era.Since then he has continued his researches and lectured widely in India, Europe, and America. He has taught History of Religions and Buddhist Studies at Shanti Ashram (South India), at the University of Massachusetts (Amherst), at the University of California (Santa Cruz), and more recently at the College of New Rochelle in New York City. Furthermore, he has taught in various countries of Europe, lecturing and presenting seminars on Buddhism, meditation, Tibetan shamanism, and psychological development in Amsterdam, Den Haag, Groningen, Copenhagen, Malmo, Oslo, Devon, and London, as well as in Italy, Greece, Mallorca, Poland, Hungary, and Jugoslavia.In the past two decades he has worked closely with Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche, the foremost exponent of Dzogchen practice in the West, on a number of translations of important Nyingmapa Dzogchen texts. Since 1989, he has worked closely with Lopon Tenzin Namdak, the foremost scholar of the Bonpo tradition outside of Tibet, on the translation into English of a large number of ancient and rare Bonpo Dzogchen texts, including the Zhang-zhung Nyan-gyud, and also the Ma Gyud, the Bonpo Mother Tantra. As his principal focus, he continues his research into the historical origins of Dzogchen in both the Nyingmapa and the Bon traditions, and especially into the connections of Dzogchen and the Bon tradition with the Iranian religious culture of ancient Central Asia and the West, including Iranian Buddhism, Mithraism, and Gnosticism. This research into original texts in Tibetan and Sanskrit, as well as comparative studies in terms of religion, mysticism, and magic, and the producing of monographs thereon, is known as the Vidyadhara Project.PublicationsHis publications include The Alchemy of Realization (1978, Simhanada Publications),Tibetan Astrological Calendar and Almanac (1978, Kalachakra Publications),The Cycle of Day and Night (1984, 1987, Station Hill Press),The Golden Rosary of Tara (1985, Shang Shung Edizione), The Adamantine Essence of Life (1987, Vidyadhara Publications),Self-Liberation through Seeing with Naked Awareness (1989, 2000 Snow Lion),The Secret Book of Simhamukha (1990, 2001, Vidyadhara Publications),Wicca, Paganism, and Tantra (1994, Vidyadhara Publications),Path of the Clear Light (forthcoming 2006- 2007),The Golden Letters (1996, Snow Lion), and Space, Awareness, and Energy (forthcoming with Snow Lion).As the Bonpo Translation Project of the Bonpo Research Foundation, he has privately published a series of monographs on Bonpo Dzogchen and Tantra, and as Simhanada Publications, he has privately published a series of monographs and practice texts (sadhanas) from the Nyingmapa and Kagyudpa traditions of Tibetan Buddhism relating to Dzogchen and Buddhist Tantra. In San Diego, California, he established the Vidyadhara Institute for Comparative Studies in Mysticism and the Esoteric Traditions which, in the near future, will publish or republish a series of monographs on Buddhist and Tibetan Studies and also on various topics from the History of Religions, focusing on a comparive study of Buddhism and Bon with other mystical traditions such as Gnosticism, Neo-Platonism, Early Christianity, Kabalah, and Sufism, as well as dealing with the questions of East-West Psychology and meditation practice.([http://vajranatha.com/bio.html Source Accessed April 11, 2016])Read more: *http://vajranatha.com/*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Myrdhin_Reynoldsn.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Myrdhin_Reynolds)
Barnes, J. + (Jonathan Barnes, FBA (born 26 December 194 … Jonathan Barnes, FBA (born 26 December 1942 in Wenlock, Shropshire) is an English scholar of Aristotelian and ancient philosophy.<h2>Education and career</h2>He was educated at the City of London School[1] and Balliol College, Oxford University.[1]He taught for 25 years at Oxford University before moving to the University of Geneva. He was a Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, 1968–78;[1] a Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford, 1978–94, and has been Emeritus Fellow of Balliol College since 1994.[1]He was Professor of Ancient Philosophy, Oxford University, 1989–94.[1]He was Professor of Ancient Philosophy at the University of Geneva 1994–2002.[1]He taught at the University of Paris-Sorbonne in France, and took his éméritat in 2006.He was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1987.[1]He is an expert on ancient Greek philosophy, and has edited the two-volume collection of Aristotle's works as well as a number of commentaries on Aristotle, the pre-Socratics and other areas of Greek thought.He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1999.[2]He was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Humboldt University of Berlin in 2012.[3]<h2>Family</h2>He married in 1965 and has two daughters.[2]He is the brother of the novelist Julian Barnes, and he and his family feature in the latter's memoir Nothing to be Frightened Of (2008).<h2>Philosophical views</h2>Barnes holds that our modern notion of the scientific method is "thoroughly Aristotelian." He emphasizes the point in order to refute empiricists Francis Bacon and John Locke, who thought they were breaking with the Aristotelian tradition. He claims that the "outrageous" charges against Aristotle were brought by men who did not read Aristotle's own works with sufficient attention and who criticized him for the faults of his successors.[4]<h2>Writings</h2>''The Complete Works of Aristotle'', 2 vols, 1984; reprinted with corrections, 1995 (General Editor) ''Posterior Analytics'' (translation and commentary on Aristotle), (1975) (revised edition, 1994) ''The Ontological Argument'' (1972) ''Presocratic Philosophers'' 2 Vols., 1979; 1 vol. revised edition, 1982 ''Aristotle'' (1982) ''The Modes of Scepticism'' (1985), with Julia Annas ''Early Greek Philosophy'' (1987) ''The Toils of Scepticism'' (1990) ''The Cambridge Companion to Aristotle'' (1995) ''Logic and the Imperial Stoa'' (1997) Barnes, Jonathan (2000). ''Aristotle: A Very Short Introduction''. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-285408-7. ''Porphyry: introduction'' (2003) ''Truth, etc.'' (2007) ''Coffee with Aristotle'' (2008) ''Methods and Metaphysics: Essays in Ancient Philosophy I'' (2011) ''Logical Matters: Essays in Ancient Philosophy II'' (2012) ''Proof, Knowledge, and Scepticism: Essays in Ancient Philosophy III'' (2014) ''Mantissa: Essays in Ancient Philosophy IV'' (2015) ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Barnes Source Accessed Feb 2, 2023])epticism: Essays in Ancient Philosophy III'' (2014) ''Mantissa: Essays in Ancient Philosophy IV'' (2015) ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Barnes Source Accessed Feb 2, 2023]))
Brallier, J. + (Joshua is a doctoral candidate in Buddhist … Joshua is a doctoral candidate in Buddhist Studies at Northwestern University. His dissertation research considers the gendered dimensions of tantric ritual, narrative, and ideology in Tibetan Vajrayāna Buddhism, with particular interest in the role of masculinity in tantric Buddhist subject formation. His dissertation focuses on the life and writings of Do Khyentsé Yeshé Dorjé, the deer-hunting, alcohol-drinking, gun-wielding tantric master from the Golok region of eastern Tibet. He holds an M.A. in Buddhist Studies from the University of Colorado Boulder, an M.Div. in Indo-Tibetan Buddhism from Naropa University, and a B.A. in Religious Studies from Georgetown. He is advised by Sarah Jacoby.Joshua currently serves as the Graduate Coordinator for the Khyentse Foundation Buddhist Studies Lecture Series at Northwestern. ([https://religious-studies.northwestern.edu/people/graduate-students/joshua-shelton.html Source Accessed Oct. 31, 2023])elton.html Source Accessed Oct. 31, 2023]))
Zeitlin, J. + (Judith T. Zeitlin (b. 1958; Chinese: 蔡九迪) … Judith T. Zeitlin (b. 1958; Chinese: 蔡九迪) is the William R. Kenan Jr. Professor of East Asian Languages and Civilizations at the University of Chicago. Her areas of interest are Ming-Qing literary and cultural history, with specialties in the classical tale and drama. In 2011 she was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship.She describes her personal interests on her academic page at the University of Chicago as follows:I’m especially interested in combining literary concerns with other disciplines, such as visual and material culture, medicine, performance, music, and film. I have two books coming out next year, both coming out from the University of Hawaii Press in 2007. The first, called ''The Phantom Heroine: Ghosts and Gender in Seventeenth-Century Chinese Literature'' explores the representation of ghosts across the range of literary genres in the late Ming and early Qing, specifically the fantasy of a female corpse revived through love, the imagination of death through a ghostly poetic voice, the mourning of the historical past by the present, and the theatricality of the split between body and soul. The second book is an interdisciplinary volume of essays, co-edited with Charlotte Furth and Ping-chen Hsiung, entitled ''Thinking with Cases: Specialist Knowledge in Chinese Cultural History'' to which I contributed a piece on the literary self-fashioning of a famous and garrulous sixteenth-century physician named Sun Yikui. I’m currently co-editing another interdisciplinary volume of essays with Joseph Lam, tentatively entitled ''Musiking the Late Ming'', which grew out of a conference we co-organized in May 2006 at the University of Michigan. Two of my current research projects involve tracing the cultural biography of a rare musical instrument as a way to understand the role of things in Chinese literature, and exploring the pleasure quarters as a site of cultural production in music and print.She is the daughter of classics scholar Froma Zeitlin and the sister of the economic historian Jonathan Zeitlin. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_T._Zeitlin Source Accessed June 19, 2023])T._Zeitlin Source Accessed June 19, 2023]))
Kalu Rinpoche + (Kalu Rinpoche was one of the most prominen … Kalu Rinpoche was one of the most prominent Tibetan lamas of the twentieth century, active in both exile communities and in the West. As a young man he spent over a decade in isolated retreat, coming out only to serve as retreat master at Tsādra Rinchen Drak. Although never formally enthroned, he was commonly recognized as a reincarnation of Jamgon Kongtrul. In exile he settled in India, where he was a primary teacher to many contemporary Kagyu lamas and served as the main propagator of the Shangpa Kagyu tradition. In the later decades of his life he traveled multiple times to Europe and North America, where he established dharma centers and three-year retreat centers and initiated the translation of Kongtrul's Treasury of Knowledge into English. (Source: [https://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/kalu-rinpoche/12180 Treasury of Lives])ew/kalu-rinpoche/12180 Treasury of Lives]))
Bhattacharya, K. + (Kamaleswar Bhattacharya (born on August 29 … Kamaleswar Bhattacharya (born on August 29, 1928, died March 16, 2014) is a French Indianist and Sanskritist of Indian origin.Kamaleswar Bhattacharya was born in August 1928 in a small village north of Dhaka, capital of present-day Bangladesh, he was educated in Calcutta, Paris and at the Sanskrit University of Varanasi. In September 1955, with a French government academic group, he came to France to work in the Indology sector. In February 1962 he obtained a doctorate of letters (State doctorate) with the "very honorable mention". Domiciled in France in Brunoy, he died on March 16, 2014 in Dhaka.'''Area of advanced research ''' His two important researches, ''Brahmanic religions in ancient Cambodia, according to Epigraphy and Iconography'' (1961) and ''Researches on the Vocabulary of Sanskrit Inscriptions of Cambodia'' (1964-1991), are considered by scholars of the sector as classics and exemplars of Khmerology. He checked and corrected for the editions the translations of the Cambodian Sanskrit inscriptions of Auguste Barth, Abel Bergaigne, Louis Finot and George Coedès, great French Sanskritists. He is one of the few scholars with acquired knowledge for such a difficult mission.'''Great specialist in Buddhism''' After receiving his state doctorate, he turned to more classical branches of Indology, in particular philosophy. His long association with Louis Renou (1956 - 1966) formed his philological point of view and guided all his research. His book ''The Ātman - Brahman in Ancient Buddhism'' (1973), based on extensive studies of the Pali Canon and Sanskrit sources, is the result of his extensive research on Cambodia. And then he touched on late Buddhist philosophy including Madhyamaka philosophy and some aspects of Buddhist epistemology. His translation of ''Vigrahavyāvartanī'' with annotations and his articles on the grammatical elements of Nāgārjuna's thought can serve as models for scholars of future generations.'''Rare logician of modern times''' For the past forty years he has published extensively on various aspects of Indian thought: philosophy, logic, semantics and poetry. He has amply completed his annotated translation concerning the Navya-Nyāya (New Logic), the Siddhañta lakṣaṇa prakaraṇa of the Tattvacintāmaṇi of Gangesa with the Dīdhiti of Raghunātha Śiromaṇi and the Țīkā of Jagadīśa Tarkālamkāra. He also published his edition of the ''Tattvacintāmaṇiprabhā'' (Anumānakhaṇḍa) of the Yajñapati Upādhyāya. This is the first commentary of the well-known ''Tattvacintāmaṇi''. In his research on the texts, he emphasized the close relationship between the science of grammar and philosophical thought in India.'''Distinguished researcher and professor''' During his career, he held important chairs and received honorary awards. Thanks to the support of Louis Renou, he entered in 1960 as a research associate at the National Center for Scientific Research in Paris where he retired in September 1996 to the rank of first-class research director. During this period he also taught as a visiting professor at Brown University (1967-1969), the University of Toronto (1977-1979), Viśva-Bhāratī University, Santiniketan (1980), and Adyar Library and Research. Center, Madras (1994-1995). After his retirement he was a Mercator-Gast professor at the University of Bonn in Germany. ([https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamaleswar_Bhattacharya Source Accessed Feb 23, 2023])ia.org/wiki/Kamaleswar_Bhattacharya Source Accessed Feb 23, 2023]))
Karma chags med + (Karma Chakme, also known as Raga Asé (Rāgā … Karma Chakme, also known as Raga Asé (Rāgāsya), was one of the most highly realized and accomplished scholar-yogins of Tibet. An important Karma Kamtsang teacher, he was recognized by many as the incarnation of the ninth Karmapa (but not selected.) His teachers included the most famous masters of his time, both Nyingma and Kagyu. He was both the teacher and student of Tertön Mingyur Dorje. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Karma_Chakm%C3%A9 Rigpa Wiki])x.php?title=Karma_Chakm%C3%A9 Rigpa Wiki]))
Karma gling pa + (Karma Lingpa was a 14th century tertön kno … Karma Lingpa was a 14th century tertön known for his expansive revelation on the Peaceful and Wrathful deities, the ''Zab chos zhi khro dgongs pa rang grol''. Commonly known as ''Kar gling zhi khro'' it remains to this day an extremely popular treasure cycle and was highly influential in the early days of Western interest in Tibetan Buddhism, as it is the source of the text popularly known as the ''Tibetan Book of the Dead''. He was also the son of Nyida Sangye who is known for his '''pho ba'' revelation that would become the basis for the religious festival known as the Drikung Phowa Chenmo.estival known as the Drikung Phowa Chenmo.)
Thinley, Karma + (Karma Thinley Rinpoche, (b. 1931) is an im … Karma Thinley Rinpoche, (b. 1931) is an important lama of the Kagyu and Sakya traditions of Tibetan Buddhism active in the west highly regarded as a meditation master, scholar, and poet.([https://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/Karma_Trinley_Rinpoche_IV Source Accessed April 21, 2023])npoche_IV Source Accessed April 21, 2023]))
Tupten, Karma + (Karma Thupten is a doctor who was the Second Bardor Rinpoche's attendant. He compiled ''The Light of Dawn: A Brief Biography of the Second Barway Dorje, Karma Dechen Gaway Yeshe Trinley Kunkyap Pal Zangpo''.)
Tupden, Yeshey + (Kensur Yeshey Tupden (Ye-shes-thub-bstan, … Kensur Yeshey Tupden (Ye-shes-thub-bstan, 1916-1988) was one of the most respected among the last generation of Gelukba scholars to complete their training in Tibet prior to the Chinese takeover in 1959. Kensur came into exile in India in the early 1960s, and during his ten years as abbot he oversaw the reestablishment of Loseling College, Drebung Monastery in Mundgod, India. ([https://www.namsebangdzo.com/Path-to-the-Middle-p/12807.htm Source Accessed Aug 9, 2023])-p/12807.htm Source Accessed Aug 9, 2023]))
Khang sar bstan pa'i dbang phyug + (Khangsar Tenpa’i Wangchuk (1938–2014), aka … Khangsar Tenpa’i Wangchuk (1938–2014), aka Tulku Tenpo, was a monk and tertön of the Nyingma school. A revered master of his own tradition, he was also learned in the rigorous Geluk scholastic curriculum. While imprisoned for twelve years during the Cultural Revolution, he continued his dedicated practice alongside other great masters. He studied with Palyul Choktrul Jampal Gyepe Dorje, Akyong Tokden Rinpoche Lodrö Gyatso, and others. In his later years, he focused on teaching, writing, and restoring the monasteries of Khangsar Taklung and Payak in the region of Golok (mgo log), Tibet. His collected writings include commentaries on ''The Thirty-Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva'' ([[gyal sras lag len so bdun ma]]), ''Rigdzin Düpa'' ([[rig 'dzin 'dus pa]]), ''Tsik Sum Né Dek'' ([[tshig gsum gnad brdegs]]), Longchenpa's ''Neluk Dzö'' ([[gnas lugs mdzod]]) and ''Chöying Dzö'' ([[chos dbyings mdzod]]), and Shabkar's ''Flight of the Garuda'' ([[mkha' lding gshog rlabs]]). ([https://www.shambhala.com/authors/u-z/khangsar-tenpa-i-wangchuk.html Source Accessed Feb. .4, 2022])gchuk.html Source Accessed Feb. .4, 2022]))
PaN chen ngag dbang chos grags + (Khenchen Ngawang Chodak (mkhan chen ngag d … Khenchen Ngawang Chodak (mkhan chen ngag dbang chos gragss) was born to hisfather Trungtso Phuntsok (drung 'tsho phun tshogs) and his mother Phenthok Kyi (phanthogs skyid) in Semcher valley of Tsang in 1572. He was intellectually more mature than his peers, so learned reading and writing effortlessly. At the age of eleven, he abided in a holy mountain under the care of Kunkhen Ngawang Chakpa ([[kun mkhyen ngag dbang grags pa]]) for one year. Then he went to the great monastic school of Thupten Yangpajan (thubbstan yangs pa can), and Geshe Kunchok Gyatso ([[dkon mchog rgya mtsho]]) bestowedhim the ordination name of Ngawang Chodak.From then, Khenchen Ngawang Chodak studied with numerous great masters: KenchenWangchok Pelsang ([[mkhyen chen dbang phyug dpal bzang]]), Mangthu Logrub Gyatso([[mang thos klu sgrub rgya mtsho]]), Grubchok Suonam Chophel ([[grub mchog bsod namschos 'phel]]), Jonang Daranatha ([[jo nang ta ra na tha]]), Khenchen Jampa Sangpo ([[mkhanchen byams pa bzang po]]), Muchen Sangye Gyaltsen ([[mus chen sangs rgyas rgyalmtshan]]), etc., and became expert in the treatises of the Six Volumes and knowledge ofsutras and mantras with his brilliant intellect. He pilgrimaged to Sagya and Ngamring,and gained reputation for his erudite debate skills.Khenchen Ngawang Chodak took gelong vows when he could meditate with the actualmeaning of what he had been taught and he could attain the realization of various deities.At the thirty-five, he took the throne of the Thupten Yangpajan monastic school anddevoted the rest of his life there to study, teach, and write. At age of seventy, he peacefully passedinto Nirvana.eventy, he peacefully passed into Nirvana.)
Dawa Tsering, Drikung Khenpo + (Khenpo Dawa Tsering was born in 1987 in Ti … Khenpo Dawa Tsering was born in 1987 in Tichurong Drigung Gonpa in the Dolpo region of Nepal. At 11, he started learning Tibetan and in 2000 he met H.H. Senge Tenzin and joined Drigung Monastery in India. He received his novice ordination from H.H. Drigung Kyapgon Thinley Lhundrup and undertook monastic education. In 2005, he joined Kagyu Buddhist University and finished his education in common sciences and Buddhist Studies in general and Kagyu systems, including the Single Intent, Five Verse Mahāmudra, etc., in particular under Khenchen Koncho Gyaltsen, Khenchen Nyima Gyaltsen, and H.H. Nubri Rinpoche. Since grade seven, he also taught language and grammar, and in 2014 he finished his education and taught at Samtenling Nunnery for eight years. In 2019, he was conferred the Khenpo title. He currently serves as the disciplinarian at Drigung Jangchubling Monastery.inarian at Drigung Jangchubling Monastery.)
Jorden, Ngawang + (Khenpo Dr Ngawang Jorden was born in 1956 … Khenpo Dr Ngawang Jorden was born in 1956 and grew up in Sikkim. He lived at Lachung, Sikkim until he was 12 then moved to Gangtok, the capital of Sikkim where he began formal studies at Enchey School. At age 14 he joined Sa-Ngor-Choe-Tshok Monastery in Gangtok. After completing his monastic studies such as rituals, he then studied Buddhist Philosophy with the late Khenpo Lodro Zangpo.In 1975 he went to Sakya College, Dehradun, India, where he studied the five branches of Buddhist philosophy under the late Khenchen Appey Rinpoche. He obtained the degree of Kachupa (equivalent to B.A.) and Loppon (equivalent to M.A.) in Buddhist Studies. Khenpo Jorden later taught at Sakya College before going to America to study at Harvard University where he completed his M.A. and then Ph.D. in Buddhist Studies.His Holiness the Sakya Trizin and Khenchen Appey Rinpoche invited Khenpo Jorden to take up the position of Principal of IBA in Kathmandu and so he left his teaching post at the University of Chicago and joined IBA in 2009. As Principal of IBA he oversees the many projects IBA is involved in, teaches the Dharma to students from across the globe and engages in translation work. He also travels extensively to countries such as Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia and Europe to give teachings.IBA has around 40 monastic scholars undertaking the five-year monastic leadership program and each year offers a summer program in Buddhist studies and practice to overseas students. IBA also has an active translation program, the Chödung Karmo Translation Group, with scholars and translators from many countries. Khenpo Jorden is currently managing a rebuilding program at IBA after significant damage to campus buildings in the earthquakes. ([http://internationalbuddhistacademy.org/about-us/khenpo-ngawang-jorden/ Source Accessed July 22, 2020])]g-jorden/ Source Accessed July 22, 2020])])
Brag g.yab blo gros rgyal mtshan + (Khenpo Drayab Lodrö Gyaltsen (Tib. བྲག་གཡབ … Khenpo Drayab Lodrö Gyaltsen (Tib. བྲག་གཡབ་བློ་གྲོས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་, Wyl. brag g.yab blo gros rgyal mtshan) (d. early 1960s?) - He came from Drayab Sakya Monastery. His main teachers were Öntö Khyenrab Chökyi Özer, Gapa Khenpo Jamgyal and Gatön Ngawang Lekpa and Jamyang Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö. He was the fifth khenpo at Dzongsar Shedra, from ca. 1939-1943.He taught just like Öntö Khyenrab Chökyi Özer, who, it is said, taught exactly like Khenpo Shenga. He spent many years in prison, were he was tortured, but he taught his fellow inmates whenever he had an opportunity.<h5>Writings</h5>He composed a commentary on the ninth chapter of the ''Bodhicharyavatara''. He also wrote a commentary to Sakya Pandita's ''Treasury of Valid Reasoning'', which has not survived. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Khenpo_Drayab_Lodr%C3%B6 Rigpa Wiki])/index.php?title=Khenpo_Drayab_Lodr%C3%B6 Rigpa Wiki]))
Gyurme Tsultrim, Shechen Khenpo + (Khenpo Gyurme Tsultrim was born in the Mug … Khenpo Gyurme Tsultrim was born in the Mugu district of western Nepal in 1969 where he studied reading and writing with his uncle. When he was thirteen, he met Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche and became one of the first monks at Shechen Tennyi Dargyeling Monastery in Nepal. In 1985, as the Shechen Philosophical College was not yet built, Khyentse Rinpoche sent him to the Dzongsar Monastic College in India for higher studies. He studied there for six years and then completed the last three years of his study at the Palyul Nyingmapa College in Mysore, India.He became the first monk of Shechen Monastery, Nepal, to attain the rank of Khenpo, the equivalent of a Ph.D., in 1996. Presently, Khenpo Gyurme Tsultrim is the vice abbot of the monastery and teaches at its College. He has traveled to Europe a number of times to give teachings, and he oversees many of the activities of the monastery. (Source: Shechen https://shechen.org/spiritual-development/teachers/khenpo-gyurme-tsultrim/)elopment/teachers/khenpo-gyurme-tsultrim/))
Kunga Sherab Saljay, Khenpo + (Khenpo Kunga Sherab Saljay Rinpoche is Vajra Master of Jonang Jamdha Monastery and Jonang Tsinang Monastery.)
Sangpo, Sherab + (Khenpo Sherab Sangpo began his studies in … Khenpo Sherab Sangpo began his studies in Tibet with the famed master Petsé Rinpoche, with whom he studied for over twenty years. He became a monk at the age of seven at Gyalwa Phukhang Monastery, a branch of Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche’s Sechen Monastery. Under Petsé Rinpoche's guidance, he first studied Tibetan Buddhist ritual, eventually becoming one of the monastery's ritual leaders and chant masters. Even at a young age, he was renowned for his ability to memorize the vast number of texts used at the monastery and his command of Tibetan Buddhist ritual.[Presently,] Khenpo Sherab Sangpo is the Spiritual Director of Bodhicitta Sangha, Heart of Enlightenment Institute in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khenpo_Sherab_Sangpo Source Accessed Oct 7, 2020])For a complete biography [https://www.bodhicittasangha.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Biography-of-Khenpo-Sherab-Sangpo.pdf click here]hy-of-Khenpo-Sherab-Sangpo.pdf click here])
Gyamtso, Khenpo Tsultrim + (Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso is a noted scholar … Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso is a noted scholar and teacher who was born in Eastern Tibet in 1935. After completing this early training, he spent five years wandering throughout Eastern and Central Tibet undertaking extensive solitary retreats in caves. When he reached Tsurphu Monastery, he received instruction from the head of the Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism, the 16th Karmapa, who later named him a khenpo, which is a title of scholastic mastery. In 1977 he came to the West to teach Tibetan language and Buddhism. Known for his highly engaging teaching style, Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso has been traveling and teaching in the West ever since, placing an emphasis on the careful training of Westerners. Some of his students include [[Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche]], [[Acharya Lama Tenpa Gyaltsen]], [[Shenpen Hookham|Lama Shenpen Hookham]], [[Karl Brunnhölzl]], and [[Elizabeth Callahan]]. ([http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0661/2002152104-b.html Source Accessed July, 21 2020])Visit his official site at [http://www.ktgrinpoche.org/ ktgrinpoche.org]tp://www.ktgrinpoche.org/ ktgrinpoche.org])
Khyung sprul pad+ma dbang chen bstan 'dzin phrin las + (Khyungtrul Pema Wangchen Tendzin Trinley ( … Khyungtrul Pema Wangchen Tendzin Trinley (1870-?) was born in the khyung po area of eastern Tibet, met Dza Patrul Rinpoche, Orgyen Jigme Chokyi Wangpo (dpal sprul o rgyan 'jigs med chos kyi dbang po, 1808-1887), and his main teachers were Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo ('jam dbyangs mkhyen brtse'i dbang po, 1820-1892) and Jamgon Kongtrul Lodro Thaye ('jam mgon kong sprul blo gros mtha' yas, 1813-1899). He later became an influential teacher in central Tibet where he gave the transmission of the ''rin chen gter mdzod chen mo'' and other major ''rnying ma'' teachings. He was also a treasure discoverer (''gter ston''). (Source: [[Khyung sprul pad+ma dbang chen bstan 'dzin phrin las kyi rnam thar]]: The Autobiography of Khyung Sprul Padma Dbang Chen Bstan 'Dzin Phrin Las. Delhi: Shechen Publications, 1995.)n Las. Delhi: Shechen Publications, 1995.))
Khri srong lde'u btsan + (King Trisong Deutsen (742-c.800/755-797 ac … King Trisong Deutsen (742-c.800/755-797 according to the Chinese sources) – the thirty-eighth king of Tibet, son of King Me Aktsom, second of the three great religious kings and one of the main disciples of Guru Rinpoche. It was due to his efforts that the great masters Śāntarakṣita and Guru Padmasambhava came from India and established Buddhism firmly in Tibet. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=King_Trisong_Detsen Rigpa Wiki]).hp?title=King_Trisong_Detsen Rigpa Wiki]).)
Kuiji + (Kuiji. (J. Kiki; K. Kyugi 窺基) (632-682). S … Kuiji. (J. Kiki; K. Kyugi 窺基) (632-682). Scholar-monk of the Tang dynasty, commonly regarded as the founder of the Faxiang zong of Chinese Yogācāra Buddhism. Orphaned as a boy, Kuiji was ordained as a teenager and assigned to the imperial translation bureau in the Tang capital; there, he emerged as one of the principal disciples of Xuanzang, under whom he studied Sanskrit and Indian Buddhist abhidharma and Yogācāra scholasticism. He participated in Xuanzang's numerous translation projects and is closely associated with the redaction of the ''Cheng weishi lun'', which included extensive selections from ten Indian commentaries. Kuiji played a crucial role in selecting and evaluating the various doctrinal positions that were to be summarized in the text. Kuiji subsequently wrote a series of lengthy commentaries on Dharmapāla's doctrinally conservative lineage of Vijñaptimātratā-Yogācāra philosophy. His elaborate and technical presentation of Yogācāra philosophy, which came to be designated pejoratively as Faxiang (Dharma Characteristics), contrasted markedly with the earlier Chinese Yogācāra school established by Paramārtha. Because he resided and eventually died at Daci’ensi, he is often known as Ci’en dashi (J. Jion daishi; K. Chaǔn taesa), the Great Master of Ci'en Monastery. Kuiji commentaries include the ''Chengweishi lun shuji'' and the ''Dasheng fayuan yilin zhang''. (Source: "Kuiji." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 450. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Schaeffer, K. + (Kurtis R. Schaeffer received an M.A. in Bu … Kurtis R. Schaeffer received an M.A. in Buddhist Studies from the University of Washington in 1995, a Ph.D. in Tibetan and South Asian Religions from Harvard in 2000 and is now is the Frances Myers Ball Professor of Religion and the Chair of the Department of Religious Studies at the University of Virginia. He is a student of Buddhist history and culture, with a special interest in the spiritual literature of Tibet and the Himalayas. He is the author or editor of nine books, including the largest anthology of Tibetan literature in English and, most recently, a translation of the life of the Buddha. Schaeffer co-directs the half-century old Tibetan Buddhist studies graduate program at the University of Virginia and, with Martien Halvorson-Taylor, directs the Global Religion Lab at UVA. His books include The Life of the Buddha (2015), Sources of Tibetan Tradition (2013), The Tibetan History Reader (2013), The Culture of the Book in Tibet (2009), An Early Tibetan Catalogue of Buddhist Literature (2009), Dreaming the Great Brahmin, and Himalayan Hermitess (2004). ([https://religiousstudies.as.virginia.edu/kurtis-r-schaeffer Source Accessed April 12, 2023])You can watch Kurtis talk about [http://conference.tsadra.org/session/notes-from-the-cave-jigs-med-gling-pa-on-buddha-nature/ Jigmé Lingpa's notes from a cave here] and learn more about [http://conference.tsadra.org/session/kavya-in-tibet/ Kavya literature and translation here].[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZYwvi8-KUk&index=23&list=UL7FWysj1EjdY He is also an editor and contributor to The Lives of the Masters Series] at [https://www.shambhala.com/lives-of-the-masters-series/ Shambhala Publications] and you can [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FWysj1EjdY&list=UL40lXGqjo_oY&index=19 watch him speak more about Jigme Lingpa here]. Kurtis also contributed to the amazing [http://lotb.iath.virginia.edu/ Life of the Buddha project online] with [[People/Quintman,_A.|Andrew Quintman]]. *[http://virginia.academia.edu/KurtisSchaeffer Schaeffer on Academia.edu]*[http://www.uvatibetcenter.org/ Learn more about The UVA Tibet Center]uvatibetcenter.org/ Learn more about The UVA Tibet Center])
Lati Rinpoche + (Kyabje Lati Rinpoche (1922 – 12 April 2010 … Kyabje Lati Rinpoche (1922 – 12 April 2010) Born in the Kham region of Eastern Tibet in 1922, Lati Rinpoche was identified as the reincarnation of a great practitioner by Gongkar Rinpoche and entered monastic life at the age of 10.At the age of fifteen, he enrolled in Gaden Shartse Norling College, one of the 'great three' Gelukpa university monasteries of Tibet.In 1959, Lati Rinpoche sat for the Geshe Lharmapa examination and he was conferred as "Geshe Lharampa". In 1960, Lati Rinpoche joined the tantric college in Lhasa, and started intensive study in Tantra. In 1964, Lati Rinpoche left Tibet to join the 14th Dalai Lama in exile. On arrival in Dharamsala, he was appointed as the Spiritual Advisor to the 14th Dalai Lama.From 1976, Lati Rinpoche taught at the Namgyal Gomba (the 14th Dalai Lama's personal monastery). In the same year, he was appointed as the Abbot of the Shartse Norling College of Gaden Monastery, a replacement university in the like of Gaden Shartse Norling College, for the monkhood in exile. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lati_Rinpoche Source Accessed July 24, 2023])i_Rinpoche Source Accessed July 24, 2023]))
Trulshik Rinpoche + (Kyabje Trulshik Rinpoche, the teacher whos … Kyabje Trulshik Rinpoche, the teacher whose great kindness we remember with so much gratitude, was one of the last great masters to have completed a truly extensive study, training and practice of the Tibetan (Buddhist tradition within the extraordinary cultural environment of Tibet before the invasion by the Chinese communist régime. He was the close disciple of many of the greatest masters of his time including Kyabje Dudjom Rinpoche and Kyabje Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche. Later he was himself to become a respected teacher of His Holiness the Dalai Lama himself. He was the holder of an important monastic lineage as well as of many precious instructions and transmissions.[http://www.songtsen.org/songtsen/founding-teachers/kyabje-trulshik-rinpoche/ Longer version of Trulshik Rinpoche's bio on Songtsen.org]f Trulshik Rinpoche's bio on Songtsen.org])
Chödrön, K. + (Lama Karma Yeshe Chödrön is a scholar, tea … Lama Karma Yeshe Chödrön is a scholar, teacher, and translator in the Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism. She divides her time between the Rigpe Dorje Institute at Pullahari Monastery, Kathmandu, and Santa Fe, New Mexico. Before studying Buddhism, she completed graduate degrees in biology and law and worked as a litigator in Miami and Silicon Valley. With her husband, Lama Karma Zopa Jigme, she cofounded Prajna Fire and the Prajna Sparks podcast. She also co-hosts the Opening Dharma Access: Listening to BIPOC teachers podcast. ([https://www.lionsroar.com/author/lama-karma-yeshe-chodron/ Source Accessed April 25, 2024])-chodron/ Source Accessed April 25, 2024]))
Samdhong Rinpoche, 5th + (Lobsang Tenzin, better known by the titles … Lobsang Tenzin, better known by the titles Professor Venerable Samdhong Rinpoche (zam gdong rin po che) and to Tibetans as the 5th Samdhong Rinpoche (born 5 November 1939), was the previous prime minister (officially Kalon Tripa, or chairman of the cabinet), of the Central Tibetan Administration, or Tibetan government-in-exile, which is based in Dharamshala, India; Lobsang Sangay was elected to this position in April 2011.A close associate of 14th Dalai Lama, the Tibetan leader, he was elected to his current position in 2001.Lobsang Tenzin was born in Jol, in eastern Tibet. At the age of five, he was recognised, according to Tibetan tradition, as the reincarnation of the 4th Samdhong Rinpoche and enthroned in Gaden Dechenling Monastery at Jol. Two years later he took vows as a monk, started his religious training at Drepung Monastery in Lhasa and completed it at the Madhyamika School of Buddhism. But in 1950, after the Chinese invasion of Tibet,[citation needed] he was forced to go into exile in India along with the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso.From 1960 onwards Lobsang Tenzin worked as a teacher in Tibetan religious schools in India, first in Simla and later in Darjeeling. Between 1965 and 1970 he was the Principal of Dalhousie Tibetan School and between 1971 and 1988 he was the Principal of Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies (CIHTS) at Varanasi (Benares), and from 1988 to 2001 he was the director. He is regarded as one of the leading Tibetan scholars of Buddhism and is also an authority on the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi. He is fluent in Hindi and English, Tibetan being his mother tongue.In 1991 Lobsang Tenzin was appointed by the Dalai Lama as a member of the Assembly of Tibetan People's Deputies, and later was unanimously elected as its chairman. Between 1996 and 2001 he was an elected member of the Assembly representing exiled Tibetans from Kham province and also its chairman.In 2000 the Dalai Lama decided that the Tibetan people in exile should elect their own Prime Minister, and in July 2001 Lobsang Tenzin was elected with about 29,000 votes, or about 84% of those cast, which is about 25% of the exile Tibetan population. Juchen Thubten Namgyal, the other candidate, won the remainder.[1] Since 2001 he has travelled extensively to gain support for the cause of Tibetan autonomy and raise awareness of the Dalai Lama's proposals for negotiating autonomy with the Chinese government.( [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobsang_Tenzin Source Accessed May 29, 2015] )ang_Tenzin Source Accessed May 29, 2015] ))
Kambalapāda + (Lva ba pa, or bLa ma dGe slong, Skt. Kamba … Lva ba pa, or bLa ma dGe slong, Skt. Kambalapāda, was a tenth-century master who, with others, discovered the yoginī tantras in the country of Oḍḍīyāna (BA, 753), and was important in the lineage of Guhyasamāja. He was known as the Sleeping Bhikṣu (monk) because he is said to have slept for three years at the gate of king Indrabhūti's palace (BA, 362). A bhasuku or bhusuku is similar to a mendicant (sprang bu), that is, free of purposeful action (bya bral pa) (KTGR 2005). Sleeping for three years would probably qualify! (Harding, ''Esoteric Instructions'', 192n172)rding, ''Esoteric Instructions'', 192n172))
Eckel, M. + (Malcolm David Eckel is Professor of Religi … Malcolm David Eckel is Professor of Religion and Director of the Institute for Philosophy and Religion at Boston University. He received a B.A. from Harvard, a B.A. and M.A. from Oxford, and a Ph.D. in the Study of Religion from Harvard. His scholarly interests include the history of Buddhist philosophy in India and Tibet, the relationship between Buddhism and other Indian religions, the expansion and adaptation of Buddhism in Asia and the West, Buddhist narrative traditions and their relationship to Buddhist ethics, and the connection between philosophical theory and religious practice. His teaching at Boston University has been recognized by the Metcalf Award for Teaching Excellence (1998), and he has served as the Distinguished Teaching Professor of the Humanities (2002-5). He also has served as Assistant Dean and Director of the Core Curriculum (2007-13), an integrated program in the liberal arts for first- and second-year students in the College of Arts and Sciences.His publications include ''Bhāviveka and His Buddhist Opponents'' (Harvard); ''Buddhism: Origins, Beliefs, Practices, Holy Texts, Sacred Places'' (Oxford); ''To See the Buddha: A Philosopher’s Quest for the Meaning of Emptiness'' (Princeton); ''Jñānagarbha’s Commentary on the Distinction Between the Two Truths: An Eighth-Century Handbook of Madhyamaka Philosophy'' (State University of New York); and “Is There a Buddhist Philosophy of Nature?” in ''Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Buddhism and Ecology'' (Harvard Center for the Study of World Religions). He is the editor of two volumes of essays: ''India and The West: The Problem of Understanding'' (Harvard Center for the Study of World Religions) and ''Deliver Us from Evil'' (Continuum).Before joining the faculty at Boston University, he served as Associate Professor at Harvard Divinity School and as Administrative Director of the Harvard Center for the Study of World Religions. He recently returned to Harvard to serve on the Visiting Committee of Harvard Divinity School. In 2013, he was invited to deliver a series of lectures entitled “Modes of Recognition: Aspects of Theory in Mahayana Buddhist Narrative” as Visiting Professor in Buddhist Studies at the University of Sydney, Australia. ([https://www.bu.edu/religion/faculty/m-david-eckel/ Source Accessed July 14, 2023])vid-eckel/ Source Accessed July 14, 2023]))
Man+dA ra ba + (Mandarava was one of the five principal co … Mandarava was one of the five principal consorts of Guru Rinpoche, she was an emanation of Dhatvishvari and a princess of Zahor. After leaving the palace out of disgust for samsara, and joining a nunnery, she met Guru Rinpoche who gave her teachings. When the king found out, he cast her into a pit of thorns and tried to burn Guru Rinpoche alive. But through his magical powers, Guru Rinpoche transformed the pyre into a lake. When the king had repented his actions and granted them pardon, Mandarava accompanied Guru Rinpoche to the Maratika cave, where through their accomplishment of long-life practice, they saw the Buddha Amitabha face to face and attained the level of a vidyadhara with power over life. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Mandarava Rigpa Wiki])org/index.php?title=Mandarava Rigpa Wiki]))
Perman, M. + (Marcus Perman is the Executive Director of … Marcus Perman is the Executive Director of Tsadra Foundation, where he has worked for 14 years. He graduated from St. Lawrence University with honors in Psychology and Philosophy and graduated from Naropa University with an MA in Indo-Tibetan Buddhism focused on Tibetan and Sanskrit languages. From 2007-2008 Marcus studied at Tibet University in Lhasa, Tibet and Rumtek, Sikkim, India. His early interests lay primarily in philosophical interpretations of Tibetan Buddhism, but his current work focuses on online educational resources and digital resources for translators and scholars. With Tsadra Foundation, Marcus developed the Translation & Transmission Conference series and the Lotsawa Workshops and regularly hosts online events and other workshops. Other interests include comparative philosophy, writing, Vladimir Nabokov, and rock climbing.===Published Works===*Tricycle Magazine Review of ''Contemplating Reality: A Practitioner's Guide to the View in Indo-Tibetan Buddhism'' by Andy Karr. Tricycle Summer 2007. http://www.tricycle.com/reviews/balancing-act*"Appreciating all Sentient Beings." in Heart Advice. Dharamsala, India: Altruism Press, 2008.*Mind Only Tenet System. Translation of ''sems tsam pa'i grub mtha''' by Acharya Lama Tenpa Gyaltsen. Seattle: Nitartha Institute Publications, 2009.===Unpublished Works (completed)===M.A. Thesis: “Tshad Ma Literature: Towards a History of Tibetan Buddhist Epistemology” B.S. Honors project: “Neurofeedback: The effect of training attentional abilities in female college students” Advisor: Dr. Artur Poczwardowski.female college students” Advisor: Dr. Artur Poczwardowski.)
Silverstone, M. + (Marilyn Rita Silverstone (9 March 1929 – 2 … Marilyn Rita Silverstone (9 March 1929 – 28 September 1999) was an English photojournalist and ordained Buddhist nun.<h5>Youth:</h5>The eldest daughter of Murray and Dorothy Silverstone was born in London. Her father, the son of Polish immigrants to America, rose to become managing director, and president, international, respectively, of United Artists and 20th-Century Fox, working with Charlie Chaplin and other early film stars in London. The family returned to America just before the outbreak of the Second World War in Europe.Silverstone grew up in Scarsdale, New York. After graduating from Wellesley College, she became an associate editor for Art News, Industrial Design and Interiors in the early 1950s. She moved to Italy to make documentary art films.<h5>Photojournalist:</h5>Silverstone became a working photojournalist in 1955, traveling and capturing the range of images that her vision led her to find in Europe, Africa and the Middle East.In 1956, she travelled to India on assignment to photograph Ravi Shankar. She returned to the subcontinent in 1959; what was intended to be a short trip became the beginning of a fascination with India which lasted for the rest of her life.[5] Her photographs of the arrival in India of the Dalai Lama, who was escaping from the Chinese invasion of Tibet, made the lead in Life.In that period, she met and fell in love with the journalist Frank Moraes. Moraes was then editor of The Indian Express. The couple lived together in New Delhi until 1973, socializing with politicians, journalists and intellectuals, and diplomats. A number of Moraes' editorials had earned the ire of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and the situation deteriorated to the point that a retreat to London became the best course.Over the years, Silverstone's reputation as a photographer grew. In 1967, she joined Magnum Photos,[6] in which she was only one of five women members.[4] Silverstone's work for Magnum included photographing subjects ranging from Albert Schweitzer to the coronation of the Shah of Iran.At the time of Silverstone's death, preparation of an exhibition at the Scottish National Portrait Gallery featuring her work and that of other Magnum photographers was nearing completion. The University of St Andrews hosted a seminar in conjunction with this exhibition, and as Silverstone had just recently died, the seminar became an opportunity for her peers to celebrate her life and career.<h5>Buddhist nun:</h5>Silverstone's conversion to Buddhist nun was said to have begun when she was an teenager suffering from the mumps. She later explained that during this conventional childhood illness, she read Secret Tibet by Fosco Maraini and she said the book provided a key she long carried in her subconscious.In the late 1960s, Silverstone had worked on a photography assignment about a Tibetan Buddhist lama in Sikkim named Khanpo Rinpoche and, when the lama came to London for medical treatment in the 1970s, Rinpoche stayed with the couple. At this point, Silverstone decided to learn Tibetan in order to study Buddhism with him. After Moraes's death in 1974, Silverstone decided to join the entourage of another celebrated lama, Khentse Rinpoche, who left London for a remote monastery in Nepal.In 1977, she took vows as a Buddhist nun. Her Buddhist name was Bhikshuni Ngawang Chödrön,[9] or Ani Marilyn to her close friends. In her new life in Kathmandu, she researched the vanishing customs of Rajasthan and the Himalayan kingdoms.In 1999, Ngawang Chödrön returned to the United States for cancer treatment and she learned that she was terminally ill. She was clear that she wanted to die in Nepal, her home for the past 25 years. However, no airline would carry a passenger in her fragile condition. She resolved the impasse by persuading a doctor on vacation to accompany her on the return to Kathmandu. The journey was fraught with difficulties. She was barely conscious during the trip and a stopover was necessary in Vienna. She died in 1999 in a Buddhist monastery near Katmandu where she had worked to establish and maintain. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Silverstone Source Accessed July 25, 2023])ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Silverstone Source Accessed July 25, 2023]))
Batchelor, M. + (Martine Batchelor was born in France in 19 … Martine Batchelor was born in France in 1953. She was ordained as a Buddhist nun in Korea in 1975. She studied Zen Buddhism under the guidance of the late Master Kusan at Songgwang Sa monastery until 1984. From 1981 she served as Kusan Sunim's interpreter and accompanied him on lecture tours throughout the United States and Europe. She translated his book 'The Way of Korean Zen'. Following Master Kusan’s death she returned her nun’s vows and left Korea. She returned to Europe with her husband, Stephen, in 1985. She has worked as a lecturer and spiritual counsellor both at Gaia House and elsewhere in Britain. She was also involved in interfaith dialogue and was a Trustee of the International Sacred Literature Trust until 2000. Her latest book is ‘The Spirit of the Buddha’. With her husband she co-leads meditation retreats worldwide. She now lives in France. She speaks French, English and Korean and can read Chinese characters. She has written various articles for magazines on the Korean way of tea, Buddhism and women, Buddhism and ecology, and Zen cooking. She is interested in meditation in daily life, Buddhism and social action, religion and women's issues, Zen and its history, factual and legendary. ([https://www.amazon.com/Buddhism-Ecology-Martine-Batchelor/dp/8120812468/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= Source Accessed Feb 22, 2023])F8&qid=&sr= Source Accessed Feb 22, 2023]))
Sheehy, M. + (Michael R. Sheehy is a Research Assistant … Michael R. Sheehy is a Research Assistant Professor in Tibetan and Buddhist Studies, Director of Scholarship at the Contemplative Sciences Center, and affiliated faculty with the Tibet Center at the University of Virginia. He has conducted extensive fieldwork in Tibet, including three years training in a Buddhist monastery in the far eastern cultural domain of Golok. Michael’s research interests include Buddhist philosophy of mind, practices of contemplation, and the history of thought and science in Tibet. His writings and translations have given attention to histories of marginalized lineages in Tibet, most notably the ''zhentong'' (''gzhan stong'') and Kālacakra lineages of the Jonang order of Tibetan Buddhism. For over a decade, through extensive collaborations with monastic communities, Michael worked on-the-ground to digitally preserve rare Tibetan manuscripts across the plateau. From 2008 to 2016, he was the editor-in-chief and research director at the Buddhist Digital Resource Center (formerly the Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center, TBRC). He worked closely with the late Tibetologist E. Gene Smith (1936-2010) to digitize Tibetan literature, develop scholarly resources, and architect the encyclopedic digital library. In 2004, together with Jonangpa exemplars, he founded the Jonang Foundation, an international nonprofit that preserves and promotes research on the Jonang order of Tibetan Buddhism. Michael’s current research focus is contexts and dynamics of Tibetan contemplative practices. Most broadly, his interest lies in questions about how Buddhism, and Tibetan contemplative traditions more specifically, can contribute to discourses in the humanities, cognitive science, and cultural psychology about consciousness and its transformations. He is particularly interested in Tibetan contemplative practices of attention, dream, imagination and visualization, and embodiment as detailed in Tibetan yoga and meditation manuals. He recently coedited with Klaus-Dieter Mathes (Vienna University) the book, ''The Other Emptiness: Rethinking the Zhentong Buddhist Discourse in Tibet'' (SUNY Press 2019), an anthology of scholarship on the history, literature, and philosophy of zhentong in Tibet. With David Germano, he is Series Editor of the ''Traditions and Transformations in Tibetan Buddhism'' and the ''Contemplative Sciences'' book series published by the University of Virginia Press.Recent publications include: * "The Philosophical Grounds and Literary History of Zhentong." 2019. Co-authored with Klaus-Dieter Mathes. In ''The Other Emptiness: Rethinking the Zhentong Buddhist Discourse in Tibet''. Edited by Michael R. Sheehy and Klaus Dieter-Mathes. State University of New York Press. ([http://www.sunypress.edu/pdf/64101.pdf Click here to read])* "The Dharma of the Perfect Eon: Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsan’s (1292-1361) Hermeneutics of Time and the Jonang Doxography of Zhentong Madhyamaka." 2019. In ''The Other Emptiness: Rethinking the Zhentong Buddhist Discourse in Tibet''. Edited by Michael R. Sheehy and Klaus Dieter-Mathes. State University of New York Press.* "The Zhentong Lion Roars: Dzamthang Khenpo Lodro Drakpa (1920-1975) and the Jonang Scholastic Renaissance." 2019. In ''The Other Emptiness: Rethinking the Zhentong Buddhist Discourse in Tibet''. Edited by Michael R. Sheehy and Klaus Dieter-Mathes. State University of New York Press.* "Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen on Refraining from Meat." 2019. In ''The Faults of Meat: Tibetan Buddhist Writings on Vegetarianism''. Edited by Geoff Barstow. Boston: Wisdom Publications.* "Traversing the Path of Meditation." 2017. In ''A Gathering of Brilliant Moons: Practice Advice from Rimé Masters of Tibet''. Ed. Holly Gayley and Joshua Schapiro. Wisdom Publications: Boston, MA.Schapiro. Wisdom Publications: Boston, MA.)
Wilkinson, Constance + (Ms Wilkinson is a writer whose plays have … Ms Wilkinson is a writer whose plays have been seen in New York, Nepal, Kenya and South Africa; she co-founded Kuku Ryku Theater Lab with Sally Jones, and with Susan Weiser-Finley created pieces in the lineage of Grotowski performed in New York and at universities and experimental theaters festivals in the United States and Europe. For KRTL, acclaimed director/actor William Finley (Dionysus in '69, Phantom of the Opera) directed Wilkinson's best-known play, the dark comedy “Sacco and Vanzetti Meet Julius and Ethel Rosenberg! (or, Patrick Henry in Hell).”Wilkinson moved from Manhattan to Kathmandu, Nepal where she taught English as a second language, studied Nepali and Tibetan at Tribhuvan University and continued to act, direct, and write plays, this time for an audience largely composed of Kathmandu’s large international expat community.After a decade in Nepal, she returned to the US and became a licensed psychotherapist specializing in treating post-traumatic stress disorder, while continuing to write plays (and to direct and act on occasion). ([https://www.linkedin.com/in/constance-wilkinson-mfa-lmhc-288a089/ Source Accessed Sep 30, 2022])hc-288a089/ Source Accessed Sep 30, 2022]))
Jinpa, Gelek + (NAGRU GESHE GELEK JINPA was born in Kham, … NAGRU GESHE GELEK JINPA was born in Kham, East Tibet in 1967. He grew up in a nomad family, spending his childhood much as any young Tibetan would, tending the animals and working on the farm. Geshe Gelek also attended a local school, where he learnt to read and write. In 1986 H. E. Yongdzin Tenzin Namdak Rinpoche visited East Tibet, and it was then that Geshe Gelek made up his mind to take vows from him and become a monk; he was nineteen at the time.As a novice, he began his monastic studies in Thongdrol Ritröd Monastery, starting with the Preliminary practices, and going on to receive teachings on Dzogchen as well as many other aspects of the Bön tradition. He later stayed in Tsedrug Gompa for a year and studied philosophy with the renowned scholar Lopon Drangsong Yungdrung in Lungkar Gompa for two years. Geshe Gelek completed several personal retreats, including a 49 day dark retreat and a 100 day Tummo retreat. He also practised Trekchö and Thögal. In 1988 he began studying Bön philosophy, alongside Tantra and Dzogchen. Having begun studying Bön philosophy in 1988, Geshe Gelek decided to continue his studies with the great Bön masters in exile in India and Nepal. In 1992 he managed to travel from Tibet toNepal where he spent some time with Yongdzin Lopön Tenzin Namdak Rinpoche before transferring to the new Menri monastery in Dolanji, India, where he continued his studies under the guidance of Menri Tridzin Lungtok Tenpi Nyima Rinpoche.In 1994 Geshe Gelek returned to Nepal to the newly-established Triten Norbutse Monastery where he was able to receive many extremely important Dzogchen teachings from Yongdzin Lopon Tenzin Namdak Rinpoche. It was during this time that Geshe Gelek began researching and writing his own books, including a treatise on Bön Vinaya, the History of Zhang Zhung (currently being translated into English by Prof. Charles Ramble), and the Bön Kanjyur (canon). The latter was published in Nepal in 2001. From 1999-2000 Geshe Gelek collaborated with Prof. Nagano of the National Museum of Ethnology Osaka, Japan and Prof. Samten G. Karmay of INRS on a major project to catalogue the Bön canon. Geshe Gelek received his Geshe degree from Triten Norbutse in 2001; his class was the first to graduate in Nepal for many centuries, and the final exam were held in the presence of H. H. Lungtok Tenpi Nyima Rinpoche, H.E. Yongdzin Lopon Tenzin Namdak Rinpoche and Khenpo Tenpa Yungdrung. Like the others in his class, Geshe Gelek received his degree certificate from a representative of H. H. the Dalai Lama. Later that year Geshe Gelek was invited to France by the Kalpa Group to participate in a scientific study of Tummo for Harvard University, USA. Together with two other Bönpo monks, he completed a full 100 day retreat during which he was monitored regularly by physicians and scientists to establish the physical effects of this practice of inner heat. It was during that time that Geshe Gelek struck up what was to become a lasting friendship with Dr. Charles Ramble, then head of Tibetan and Himalayan Studies at Oxford University, UK (now professor at École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris).In 2003-2005 Geshe Gelek collaborated with Dr. Ramble and the Kalpa Group on research into the history and culture of Zhang Zhung, and this led to a fieldtrip in the Mount Kailash region which culminated in the production of a documentary film In Search of Zhang Zhung (featured om this site) and a book The Sacred Landscape and Pilgrimage in Tibet; In Search of the Lost Kingdom of Bön, Abbeville Press, New York, London, 2005. Further research followed in 2008 when the newly-formed Bönpo Mahasangha of Nepal, headed by Khenpo Tenpa Yungdrung, asked him to undertake a survey of Bön peoples, temples and customs in various regions of Nepal. This led to the production of a documentary film Secrets of Mustang: Treasure of Bön (featured on this website) and a book, BÖN IN NEPAL: Traces of the Great Zhang Zhung Ancestors - The Light of the History of Existence (forthcoming).In 2003/4 Geshe Gelek studied English in Oxford and in 2008 he was invited to participate at Hope University's Big Hope conference in Liverpool, UK. He has made invaluable contributions to several recent publications, such as Masters of the Zhang Zhung Nyengyud, Heart Essence of the Khandro: Experiential Inistructions on Bönpo Dzogchen - Thirty signs and Meanings from Women Lineage-Holders and other yet unpublished texts.Since the establishment of Shenten Dargye Ling, Yongdzin Lopön Tenzin Namdak Rinpoche's international centre in France, in 2005, Geshe Gelek has spend many months based in Europe; he travels regularly to teach a growing number of students throughout Europe, as well as in the US. His lively, energetic teaching style and easy-going, compassionate nature are much appreciated by his Western students.In 2013 he was inaugurated as Khenpo (Abbott) of Shenten Dargye Ling at a ceremony held in Triten Norbutse Monastery, Kathmandu.Source: [http://www.yungdrungbon.co.uk/GesheGelekJinpa.html]w.yungdrungbon.co.uk/GesheGelekJinpa.html])
Norbu, Namkhai + (Namkhai Norbu (Tibetan: ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ནམ་མཁའི་ན … Namkhai Norbu (Tibetan: ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ནམ་མཁའི་ནོར་བུ་; Wylie: nam mkha’I nor bu, 8 December 1938 – 27 September 2018) was a Tibetan Buddhist master of Dzogchen and a professor of Tibetan and Mongolian language and literature at Naples Eastern University. He was a leading authority on Tibetan culture, particularly in the fields of history, literature, traditional religions (Tibetan Buddhism and Bon), and Traditional Tibetan medicine, having written numerous books and scholarly articles on these subjects.When he was two years old, Namkhai Norbu was recognized as the 'mindstream emanation', a tulku, of the Dzogchen teacher Adzom Drugpa (1842–1924). At five, he was also recognized as a mindstream emanation of an emanation of Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyel (1594–1651). At the age of sixteen, he met master Rigdzin Changchub Dorje (1863–1963), who became his main Dzogchen teacher.In 1960, he went to Italy at the invitation of Giuseppe Tucci and served as Professor of Tibetan and Mongolian Language and Literature from 1964 to 1992 at Naples Eastern University. In 1983, he hosted the first International Convention on Tibetan Medicine, held in Venice, Italy.In 1976, Namkhai Norbu began to give Dzogchen instruction in the West, first in Italy, then in numerous other countries. He became a respected spiritual authority among many practitioners, and created centers for the study of Dzogchen worldwide. Namkhai Norbu taught Dzogchen for more than fifty years and was considered by the Tibetan government in exile as "the foremost living Dzogchen" teacher at the time of his death, in 2018. Norbu founded the Dzogchen Community, which today has centers around the world, including in the US, Mexico, Australia, Russia, and China. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namkhai_Norbu Source Accessed Mar 17, 2022])mkhai_Norbu Source Accessed Mar 17, 2022]))
Willock, N. + (Nicole Willock is an assistant professor o … Nicole Willock is an assistant professor of Asian religions at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia. She is currently a 2017 Research Fellow through the Robert H. N. Ho Family Foundation Program in Buddhist studies for her book project, ''Lineages of the Literary: Tibetan Buddhist Scholars Making Modern China''. This project analyzes the writings of three Tibetan Buddhist intellectuals (Tseten Zhabdrung, Dungkar Rinpoche, and MugeSamten) through the lens of postcolonial and poststructuralist theories to challenge normative assumptions on religious subjects, state-driven secularization, and moral agency in China. Her publications include "The Revivalof the Tulku Institution in Modern China: Narratives and Practices" (''Revue d'Etudes Tibetaines'', 2017) and "Dorje Tarchin, the Melong, and the Tibet Mirror Press: Negotiating Discourse on the Religious and the Secular in Tibet" (''Himalaya Journal'', 2016). Since 2011, she has served as a Tibet and Himalaya Panel Steering Committee member for the American Academy of Religion (AAR) and as an Academic Advisory Board member for the Treasury of Lives: Biographical Encyclopedia digital project. (Source: ''A Gathering of Brilliant Moons'', 331): ''A Gathering of Brilliant Moons'', 331))
Niguma + (Niguma was one of two great dakinis who fo … Niguma was one of two great dakinis who founded the Shangpa Kagyu school of Vajrayana Buddhism.In the tenth and eleventh centuries, Niguma was one of the most important Buddhist teachers and yoginis in India. While there are only brief glimpses of her life from sources and texts, Sarah Harding’s Niguma: Lady of Illusion surveys what little literature there is surrounding “the heiress of unimaginable qualities.”Although not much is known about Niguma’s life, her teachings had a significant impact on Buddhism. Alongside the dakini Sukhasiddhi, she is one of two female founders of the Shangpa Kagyu school of Vajrayana Buddhism.Niguma developed esoteric instructions, treatises, and practice manuals. Within the collection of commentaries in the Tibetan Buddhist canon, called the Tengyur — part of the core of the Tibetan Buddhist tradition — seventeen texts are attributed to Niguma, though they were likely written by her student Khyungpo Naljor. Niguma is said to watch over the holders of the lineage with impartial compassion, blessing them and compassionately overseeing the success of their activity.Niguma’s birthplace was most likely near Kashmir, a hub of Buddhist tantric activity. She is thought by some to be the sister of Naropa, the famous Vajrayana Buddhist teacher, although others suggest that Niguma was Naropa’s consort. There is often confusion and overlap between the biographical details of Niguma and Naropa’s respective lives and accomplishments.Although it is difficult to identify the woman behind the mystery of Niguma’s dakini image, Tibetan master Taranatha (1575-1634) wrote a short biography that helps shine light on her story: The dakini Niguma’s place of birth was the Kashmiri city called “Incomparable.” Her father was the brahmin Santivarman. Her mother was Shrimati. Her real name was Srijnana. She had previously gathered the accumulations for three incalculable eons. Thus, in this life, based on the teachings of the instructions by the adept Lavapa and some others, she manifested the signs of progress in the secret mantra Vajrayana, and attained the body of union. So her body became a rainbow-like form. She had the ability to really hear teachings from the great Vajradhara. Having become a great bodhisattva, her emanations pervaded everywhere and accomplished the welfare of beings.Harding points out that Niguma’s life story consists of only six folios, while that of her student Khyungpo Naljor consists of forty-three. According to scholars, Niguma had high-level realization, attained rainbow body, and received teachings directly from Vajradhara — the tantric form of Shakyamuni Buddha. It is said that Niguma cultivated the Buddhist path in previous lives, so that in her lifetime she directly saw the truth of the nature of phenomena just by hearing basic instruction from a few adept masters. (Source: Buddhadharma Magazine, Spring 2024)ource: Buddhadharma Magazine, Spring 2024))
Dpal sprul nam mkha' 'jigs med + (Patrul Rinpoche's reincarnation, Patrul Na … Patrul Rinpoche's reincarnation, Patrul Namkha Jigme (dpal sprul nam mkha' 'jigs med, 1888–1960), who was the seventh son of the renowned treasure revealer Dudjom Lingpa (bdud 'joms gling pa, 1835–1904), was Kunzang Wangmo's father. He was also know as Padma Khalong Yangpa Tsal and Tulku Namkha Jikmé. (Source: [https://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Kunzang-Wangmo/13819 Treasury of Lives]). Patrul Namkha Jikmé’s two main teachers were his father Dudjom Lingpa, and Khenpo Kunpal. He revealed nine volumes of terma, and constructed a shedra at Dza Pukhung Gön and a Zabchö Shitro Gongpa Rangdrol drupdra at Dzagyal Monastery. His main dharma heir was his own daughter, Khandroma Kunzang Wangmo, a great-daughter of Dudjom Lingpa. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Patrul_Namkha_Jikm%C3%A9 Rigpa Wiki])itle=Patrul_Namkha_Jikm%C3%A9 Rigpa Wiki]))
Skilling, P. + (Peter Skilling is a Fellow of the Lumbini … Peter Skilling is a Fellow of the Lumbini International Research Institute (Lumbini, Nepal) and a Special Lecturer at Chulalongkorn University (Bangkok, Thailand). He is founder of the Fragile Palm Leaves Foundation (Bangkok), a project dedicated to the preservation, study and publication of the Buddhist literature of Southeast Asia. He is a founding member of the International Centre for Buddhist Studies (Bangkok). Peter Skilling has lived in Thailand for over thirty years, and has travelled extensively in Asia. His interests include the early history of religion in Southeast Asia as known through inscriptions and archaeological remains; the history of Indian Buddhism and the development of Mahayana sutras; and the Pali and vernacular literature of pre-modern Siam, including jataka and sermon genres. He has also written about the history of the Buddhist order of nuns in India and Siam and the development of the Tibetan canonical collections (Kanjur). His publications include Mahasutras, a critical edition and study of ten Sarvastivadin texts preserved in Tibetan translation in the Kanjur compared with their Pali counterparts (Vols. I and II, Oxford: The Pali Text Society, 1994, 1997; Vol. III, translations, forthcoming). Skilling is reported to be overly fond of durian. He lives in Nandapuri on the outskirts of Bangkok with a turtle rescued from the streets after a flood some years ago.Translation & Transmission Conference Bio: Professor Skilling is a Fellow of the LumbiniInternational Research Institute (Lumbini, Nepal) and a Special Lecturer at ChulalongkornUniversity (Bangkok, Thailand). At present he is Maître de Conférences with the Écolefrançaise d’Extrême-Orient (EFEO) and Head of the Buddhist Studies Group of the EFEO.He is founder of the Fragile Palm Leaves Foundation (Bangkok), a project dedicated to thepreservation, study and publication of the Buddhist literature of Southeast Asia. He received a PhD with honours and a Habilitation in Paris (Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes). Peter’s publications include numerous articles and several books, the most recent being ''How Theravada is Theravada?'' (University of Washington Press, 2012) and ''Mahāsātras: Great Discourses of the Buddha'' (2 vols., Oxford, The Pali Text Society, 1994 and 1997) and the edited volume ''Wat Si Chum, Sukhothai: Art, Architecture and Inscriptions'' (River Books, Bangkok, 2008).d Inscriptions'' (River Books, Bangkok, 2008).)
Hardacre, H. + (Professor Helen Hardacre began the study o … Professor Helen Hardacre began the study of Japanese religions as an undergraduate at Vanderbilt University, and she earned her doctorate from the University of Chicago in 1980, studying with Professor Joseph Kitagawa. Her research on religion focuses on the manner in which traditional doctrines and rituals are transformed and adapted in contemporary life. Concentrating on Japanese religious history of the modern period, she has done extended field study of contemporary Shinto, Buddhist religious organizations and the religious life of Japan's Korean minority. She has also researched State Shinto and contemporary ritualizations of abortion. From 1980 to 1989, Professor Hardacre taught at Princeton University's Department of Religion, and from 1990 she taught two years in the School of Modern Asian Studies, Griffith University (Australia). She came to Harvard in 1992. Her publications include ''The Religion of Japan's Korean Minority'' (Berkeley, 1984), ''Lay Buddhism in Contemporary Japan: Reiyukai Kyodan'' (Princeton, 1984), ''Kurozumikyo and the New Religions of Japan'' (Princeton, 1986), ''Shinto and the State, 1868-1988'' (Princeton, 1989), ''Marketing the Menacing Fetus in Japan'' (Berkeley, 1997), which won the Arisawa Hiromichi Prize, and ''Religion and Society in Nineteenth-Century Japan: A Study of the Southern Kanto Region, Using Late Edo and Early Meiji Gazetteers'' (Michigan, 2002). Her current research centers on the issue of constitutional revision and its effect on religious groups. Hardacre was awarded a J.S. Guggenheim Fellowship in 2003, elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2014, and awarded the Order of the Rising Sun 3rd Class Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon from the Government of Japan in 2018. Hardacre's most recent monograph is ''Shinto: A History'' (Oxford, 2016), a comprehensive study of Shinto from ancient Japan to the present. ([https://ealc.fas.harvard.edu/people/helen-hardacre Source Accessed July 10, 2023])n-hardacre Source Accessed July 10, 2023]))
Ping-chen, H. + (Professor Hsiung Ping-chen received her Ph … Professor Hsiung Ping-chen received her Ph.D. in History from Brown University and her S.M. in Population Studies and International Health from Harvard University. She is Professor of History and Director of the Taiwan Research Centre at The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Her main research interest lies in the area of women’s and children’s health. Her works included ''A Tender Voyage: Children and Childhood in Late Imperial China'', ''Childhood in the Past: A History of Chinese Children'' and ''Ill or Well: Diseases and Health of Young Children in Late Imperial China''.She is a visiting fellow at the Global and Transregional Studies Platform at the University of Göttingen. ([https://www.cemeas.de/meet-our-researchers-prof-hsiung-ping-chen/ Source Accessed June 19, 2023])ping-chen/ Source Accessed June 19, 2023]))
Thub bstan bshad sgrub rgya mtsho + (Rago Choktrul Tupten Shedrup Gyatso (Wyl. … Rago Choktrul Tupten Shedrup Gyatso (Wyl. ''rag mgo mchog sprul thub bstan bshad sgrub rgya mtsho'') (1879–1972) — a prolific author of the Palyul tradition.<h5>Texts</h5>Vines of Amṛta: A Prayer to the Lineage of the Bodhicaryāvatāra (''spyod 'jug brgyud pa'i gsol 'debs bdud rtsi'i 'khri shing''). English translation: [https://www.lotsawahouse.org/tibetan-masters/rago-choktrul-tupten-shedrup-gyatso/bodhicaryavatara-lineage-prayer Vines of Amṛta: A Prayer to the Lineage of the Bodhicaryāvatāra], translated by Adam Pearcey, 2019.The Short Commentary on the Tantra of Twenty-one Homages to Tara called The Treasure Vase of Benefit and Happiness (''sgrol ma phyag 'tshal nyer gcig rgyud kyi 'grel chung phan bde'i gter bum mchog sbyin''). English translation: [https://www.tibetanbuddhistaltar.org/tag/21-homages-to-tara/ The Short Commentary on the Twenty-One Homages to Tara called The Treasure Vase of Benefit and Happiness], translated by Khenpo Tenzin Norgey, 2004.Lute of Lotus Flowers: A Concise Fulfillment for the Female Practice of the Queen of Great Bliss, from the Heart Essence of the Vast Expanse ([https://library.bdrc.io/show/bdr:MW21957 ''klong chen snying gi thig le las/ yum bka' bde chen rgyal mo'i skong bsdus pad+ma'i rgyud mangs'']) ([https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Rago_Choktrul_Tupten_Shedrup_Gyatso Source Accessed Feb 9 2023])rul_Tupten_Shedrup_Gyatso Source Accessed Feb 9 2023]))
Rak ra thub bstan chos dar + (Rakra Rinpoche (Rakra Thubten Choedar) was … Rakra Rinpoche (Rakra Thubten Choedar) was born in 1925 (Fire Ox Year) to Gyurme Gyatso Tethong, then Governor of Derge (Derge chikyap) and Dolma Tsering nee Rong Dikyiling (d/o Dikyiling Sawang Tsering Rabten). The boy was named Rigzin Namgyal by Khenchen Ngawang Samten Lodroe (1868-1931) of the Great Monastery of Derge. At the age of two he was recognized as the 6th Rakra incarnate of Pakshoe monastery in Kham. His father was initially against having his child become a lama, but after the 13th Dalai Lama himself recognized the incarnation, Gyurme Gyatso had to give up his son. His Holiness named the boy Rakra Thubten Choedar.Rakra was first schooled at Pakshoe monastery, but from 1935 he started his formal education at Drepung monastery, specifically Gomang college, Ghungru khamtsen (fraternity). He was a bright child and a fast learner. He was also very lucky to have as his principal teacher a geshe (doctor of divinity) who combined profound erudition with an unusual liberal disposition. This geshe seemed to have left a deep impression on the young Rakra. ([https://tibetanwhoswho.wordpress.com/2018/12/09/rakra-rinpoche/ Source Accessed Feb 10, 2023])a-rinpoche/ Source Accessed Feb 10, 2023]))
Cardenas, K. + (Reverend Konin Cardenas, also known as Ven … Reverend Konin Cardenas, also known as Ven. Dhammadipa, started the practice of Zen in 1987 and was ordained as a nun in 2007. She has trained at Hosshinji in Japan, at Tassajara Zen Mountain Center, and at the Zen Center in San Francisco. She received Dharma Transmission in the Shunryu Suzuki lineage. Ven. Dhammadipa serves as the Principal Teacher of Ekan Zen Studies Center, a virtual sangha. She currently resides in Aloka Vihara Monastery of the Forest, a Theravada training center for nuns.Konin Cardenas, también conocida como Ven. Dhammadipa, comenzó la práctica del Zen en 1987 y fue ordenada en 2007. Entrenó en el Templo Hosshinji en Japón, en el monasterio Zen de Tassajara y en el Centro Zen de San Francisco. Recibió la transmisión del Dharma en el linaje Shunryu Suzuki. Sirve como Maestra Principal de Ekan Centro de Estudios Zen, una Sangha virtual, y actualmente reside en Aloka Vihara Monasterio del Bosque, un centro de entrenamiento Theravada para monjas Budistas. ([https://www.sfzc.org/teachers/ven-dhammadipa-konin-cardenas Source Accessed April 25, 2024])-cardenas Source Accessed April 25, 2024]))
Barron, R. + (Richard Barron is a Canadian-born translat … Richard Barron is a Canadian-born translator who specializes in the writings of Longchenpa. He has served as an interpreter for many lamas from all four schools of Tibetan Buddhism, including his first teacher, Kalu Rinpoche. He completed a traditional three-year retreat at Kagyu Ling in France and later became a close disciple of the late Chagdud Tulku Rinpoche. He was engaged in a long-term project to translate ''The Seven Treasuries'' of Longchenpa.His other translations include ''Buddhahood Without Meditation'', ''The Autobiography of Jamgön Kongtrul: A Gem of Many Colors'', and ''A Marvelous Garland of Rare Gems: Biographies of Masters of Awareness in the Dzogchen Lineage'' by Nyoshul Khen Rinpoche. ''The Autobiography of Jamgön Kongtrul'' was his first translation in the Tsadra Foundation Series published by Snow Lion Publications.eries published by Snow Lion Publications.)
Aitken, R. + (Robert Baker Dairyu Chotan Aitken Rōshi (J … Robert Baker Dairyu Chotan Aitken Rōshi (June 19, 1917 – August 5, 2010) was a Zen teacher in the Harada-Yasutani lineage. He co-founded the Honolulu Diamond Sangha in 1959 together with his wife, Anne Hopkins Aitken. Aitken received Dharma transmission from Koun Yamada in 1985 but decided to live as a layperson. He was a socialist advocating social justice for homosexuals, women and Native Hawaiians throughout his life, and was one of the original founders of the Buddhist Peace Fellowship. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Baker_Aitken Source Accessed Feb 10, 2023])aker_Aitken Source Accessed Feb 10, 2023]))
Beer, R. + (Robert Beer has studied and practiced Tibe … Robert Beer has studied and practiced Tibetan thangka painting for thirty years, including five years of study with master artists Jampa of Dharamsala and Khamtrül Rinpoche of Tashijong. Beer is one of the first Westerners to become actively involved in this art form. Over the last two decades he has concentrated on an extensive series of iconographical drawings depicting the major deities, lineage holders, and symbols that occur in the spectrum of Tibetan art. (Source: [https://www.shambhala.com/the-encyclopedia-of-tibetan-symbols-and-motifs.html Shanbhala Publications])s-and-motifs.html Shanbhala Publications]))
Goldman, R. + (Robert Goldman is the William and Catherin … Robert Goldman is the William and Catherine Magistretti Distinguished Professor of Sanskrit and India Studies. He completed his doctoral studies at the University of Pennsylvania in 1971 and has taught and held fellowships and several academic institutions around the world, including the University of Rochester, Oxford University, Jadavpur University and Jawaharlal Nehru University. His areas of scholarly interest include Sanskrit literature and literary theory, Indian Epic Studies, and psychoanalytically oriented cultural studies. He has published widely in these areas, authoring several books and dozens of scholarly articles. He is perhaps best known for his work as the Director, General Editor, and a principal translator of a massive and fully annotated Princeton University Press translation of the critical edition of the ''Valmiki Ramayana'', perhaps the single most widely copied and massively influential text on the religions, literatures, societies politics and general cultures of the entire region of South and Southeast Asia from antiquity to the modern world. His work has been recognized by several awards, fellowships and prizes including election as a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1966), Citation and Award for Distinguished Teaching at the University of California at Berkeley (1974), Honorary Fellowship at Calcutta Sanskrit College (1992), Honorary Degree of "Vidyāsāgara" ("Ocean of Learning") by the Mandākinī Saṃskṛta Vidvat Pariṣad, New Delhi (1997), President’s Certificate of Honour for Sanskrit (International) (2013), Excellence in Teaching Award presented by the Phi Beta Kappa Northern California Association (2016), the World Sanskrit Award 2017 presented by the Indian Council for Cultural Relations, (2017) and the A.K. Ramanujan Translation Prize by the Association of Asian Studies (with Sally Sutherland Goldman) (2020). ([https://sseas.berkeley.edu/people/robert-p-goldman/ Source Accessed Feb 7, 2023])t-p-goldman/ Source Accessed Feb 7, 2023]))
Devenish, R. + (Rodney P. Devenish (Karma Kunzang Palden R … Rodney P. Devenish (Karma Kunzang Palden Rinpoche) and his wife Lisa Devenish are co-founders of the Hermitage, and Lama has been teaching meditation there from the start, personally guiding individuals as they develop their meditation practice. His specialty is the Kagyü teaching of Mahāmudrā, which he received chiefly from his root master Karma Namgyal Rinpoche, but also from Trungpa Rinpoche, Kalu Rinpoche and a number of other Lamas. From those Lamas, and from His Holiness the 16th Karmapa, he received an array of Kagyü empowerments--particularly the Marpa lineage full crown empowerments of Śrī Vajradhara and Hevajra-ḍākiṇī-jālasaṃvara. Having completed both the Kagyü and Nyingma preliminary practices, he has further received the crowning empowerment of the Gūhyagarbha from Penor Rinpoche, late head of the Nyingmapa school, the Mindrolling Vajrasattva-cycle and Dzogchen instruction from Khenpo Palden Sherab Rinpoche, and the transmission of Vajrakīlāya from Khenpo Jigme Phuntsok Rinpoche (1933-2004). The Chöd practice of Jigme Lingpa was given by Khenchen Palden Sherab Rinpoche. During a ten year period as a celibate Buddhist monk, Lama Rodney spent his long winters in isolated meditation retreat in the snowy wilderness of the Rocky Mountains, where he completed the Kagyü practices given him by his teacher Namgyal Rinpoche, with particular focus on the Six Yogas of Nāropa and Mahāmudrā.As a Western Lama inspired by the broad interests of his teacher Karma Namgyal Rinpoche, Lama's teaching style is ecumenical and universalist, while remaining deeply rooted in the Kagyü tradition. Originally trained as an artist, he has studied many subjects extensively, including analytical psychology, psychotherapy, hypnotherapy, comparative religion, philosophy and classical metaphysics. He takes a non-dogmatic approach, believing that the essence of Dharma chiefly consists of personal self-enquiry, investigation of the nature of consciousness and the world in which we find ourselves, coupled with a persistent effort to establish love in the heart. Many students at the Hermitage have found Lama's method especially conducive for the rapid induction of blissful one-pointedness, the deep meditative state known as Samādhi. Students practice on their own, in the midst of nature, supported by frequent personal interviews with the teacher.uent personal interviews with the teacher.)
Barraux, R. + (Roland Barraux, born on August 12, 1928 in … Roland Barraux, born on August 12, 1928 in Menotey (Jura), is a French diplomat and writer.<h2>Biography</h2> He served in the Comoros Islands twice from 1954 to 1959 and then from 1967 to 1972 1 . He was French Ambassador to Africa , then to Afghanistan between 1981 and 1985 and finally to Nepal 2 between 1985 and 1990 . A writer, he is notably the author of Histoire des Dalaï-Lamas , a book translated into several languages.<h2>Publications</h2>''From Coral to Volcano: The Story of the Comoros Islands'', 2009 ''History of Nepal: the kingdom of the mountain with three names'', 2007, Éditions L'Harmattan, 2007, (ISBN 2296034918 and 9782296034914) With Andriamampionona Razafindramboa, ''Jean Laborde, a Gascon in Madagascar'', 1805-1878, Komedit, 2004. With Zalmaï Haquani, Sébastien Brabant, Marc Hecker, Paul Presset, Denis Rolland, ''Une vie d'Afghanistan'', L'Harmattan, 2006. ''The Knight of the Bastille: Joseph Arney'', 1762-1802, 2002. ''If I forget you Bamiyan: memories of my mission in Afghanistan 1981-1985'', Bamiyan Editions, 2002. ''History of the Dalai Lamas - Fourteen Reflections on the Lake of Visions'', preface by Dagpo Rinpoche, Albin Michel, 1993; republished in 2002, Albin Michel (ISBN 2226133178) ([https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_Barraux Source Accessed Feb 22, 2023])ichel (ISBN 2226133178) ([https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_Barraux Source Accessed Feb 22, 2023]))
Waldschmidt, R. + (Rose Leonore Marie Waldschmidt (née Ohrlic … Rose Leonore Marie Waldschmidt (née Ohrlich). Berlin 21.5.1895 — 1988. was a German Indologist. She was the daughter of Richard Ohrlich, auditor and tax consultant, and Katharina Herrmann. She was a textile designer and then specialized on the history of South Asian handicrafts. From 1927, she was the wife of Ernst Waldschmidt, whom she survived. In 1932-34 they were together in Sri Lanka and India. Their only son died in WW II. ([https://whowaswho-indology.info/23011/waldschmidt-rose-leonore/?print=print Adapted from Source Jan 30, 2024])t=print Adapted from Source Jan 30, 2024]))
Beal, S. + (Samuel Beal (27 November 1825, in Devonpor … Samuel Beal (27 November 1825, in Devonport, Devon – 20 August 1889, in Greens Norton, Northamptonshire) was an Oriental scholar, and the first Englishman to translate directly from the Chinese the early records of Buddhism, thus illuminating Indian history. [Beal] was born in Devonport, Devon, and went to Kingswood School and Devonport. He graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1847. He was the son of a Wesleyan minister, reverend William Beal; and brother of William Beal and Philip Beal who survived a shipwreck in Kenn Reef. From 1848 to 1850 he was headmaster of Bramham College, Yorkshire. He was ordained deacon in 1850, and priest in the following year. After serving as curate at Brooke in Norfolk and Sopley in Hampshire, he applied for the office of naval chaplain, and was appointed to H.M.S. ''Sybille'' (1847) during the China War of 1856–58. He was chaplain to the Marine Artillery and later to Pembroke and Devonport dockyards 1873–77. In 1857, he printed for private circulation a pamphlet showing that the Tycoon of Yedo (i.e. Tokugawa shōgun of Edo), with whom foreigners had made treaties, was not the real Emperor of Japan. In 1861 he married Martha Ann Paris, 1836–81. In September 1872 he was appointed to examine the Buddhist Chinese books in the India Office Library, London. Of the Chinese language books held by the library, Beale found 72 Buddhist compilations across 112 volumes. His research illustrated key philosophical differences between Indian and Chinese Buddhism. An example was the Chinese version of the Indian Mahāparinibbāṇa Sutta. Beale's exegesis of the Chinese narrative revealed a key doctrinal divergence from the Indian version, and therefore between Northern and Southern Asian Buddhism, namely that Nirvana is not the cessation of Being but its perfection. He retired from the navy in 1877, when he was appointed Professor of Chinese at University College, London. He was Rector of Falstone, Northumberland 1877–80; Rector of Wark, Northumberland 1880–88; and of Greens Norton, Northamptonshire, 1888–89. He was awarded DCL (Durham) in 1885 "in recognition of the value of his researches into Chinese Buddhism." Beale's reputation was established by his series of works which traced the travels of the Chinese Buddhists in India from the fifth to the seventh centuries AD, and by his books on Buddhism, which have become classics.In 1874, Beale requested a Japanese copy of the Chinese Buddhist Tripitaka, the sacred books of Chinese and Japanese Buddhists, from Japanese ambassador Iwakura Tomomi. The copy was deposited at the India Office Library in 1875. This was the first time that the work became available in the West. Beal finished cataloging the books in June 1876. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Beal Source Accessed Aug 16, 2021])Samuel_Beal Source Accessed Aug 16, 2021]))
Hinzelin, S. + (Sandy Hinzelin has a PhD in philosophy, sh … Sandy Hinzelin has a PhD in philosophy, she has taught Eastern and Western philosophy for several years in the philosophy department of the Blaise Pascal University in Clermont-Ferrand. She has also made numerous trips to India, Nepal and the United States for her research and practice. She is currently a research associate at PHIER (University of Clermont Auvergne). Her thesis "Tous les êtres sont des Bouddhas" was published by Sully Editions (2018). She has also published "Les 12 lois du karma" with Anaka (Jouvence, 2021), and translated into french "Joy of being" and "Time, Space and Knowledge: a new vision of reality" by the Tibetan master Tarthang Tulku.ity" by the Tibetan master Tarthang Tulku.)
Harding, S. + (Sarah Harding was born in Malibu in 1951 a … Sarah Harding was born in Malibu in 1951 and educated in Los Angeles, California. She studied English literature and anthropology at Prescott College in Arizona and earned a degree in Religious Studies from Naropa University in Boulder, Colorado. Sarah spent three years traveling through Europe, Africa, and Asia, and while abroad, she studied Tibetan language and culture for two years in Darjeeling, India, and in Kathmandu, Nepal. In 1974, Sarah returned to the United States to continue her studies in Tibetan culture and language. Her interests in Tibetan and Buddhist studies culminated in her participation in the first traditional three-year meditation and study retreat for Westerners, which was conducted entirely in Tibetan, under the guidance of Venerable Kalu Rinpoche, near Dijon, France.Between 1980 and 1992, Sarah served as a resident Dharma teacher and translator in Los Angeles and later in Santa Fe, New Mexico. She has done extensive oral translation internationally for such renowned teachers as Kalu Rinpoche, Chagdud Tulku, Tenga Rinpoche, Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso, Khenchen Thrangu Rinpoche, and Gangteng Rinpoche. Sarah is a founding member of the International Buddhist Translation Committee and a member of the Nalanda Translation Committee. Her prolific career as a translator includes more than thirty-five translations of traditional Buddhist texts, as well as the Tibetan Language Correspondence Course, co-authored with Jeremy Morrelli. From 1992 she was a faculty member in Buddhist Studies at Naropa University and is recently retired. Sarah continues to make her home in Boulder, where she is currently working on her next book. She has been a Tsadra Fellow since 2000. ([https://books.google.com/books?id=eBhgB0Xqr24C&pg=PA193&lpg=PA193&dq=Sarah+Harding+was+born+in+Malibu+in+1951+and+educated+in+Los+Angeles,+California.+She+studied+English+literature+and+anthropology+at+Prescott+College+in+Arizona+and+earned+a+degree+in+Religious+Studies+from+Naropa+University+in+Boulder,+Colorado.+Sarah+spent+three+years+traveling+through+Europe,+Africa,+and+Asia,+and+while+abroad,+she+studied+Tibetan+language+and+culture+for+two+years+in+Darjeeling,+India,+and+in+Kathmandu,+Nepal.+In+1974,+Sarah+returned+to+the+United+States+to+continue+her+studies+in+Tibetan+culture+and+language.+Her+interests+in+Tibetan+and+Buddhist+studies+culminated+in+her+participation+in+the+first+traditional+three-year+meditation+and+study+retreat+for+Westerners,+which+was+conducted+entirely+in+Tibetan,+under+the+guidance+of+Venerable+Kalu+Rinpoche,+near+Dijon,+France.&source=bl&ots=aeYb7bOnh-&sig=ACfU3U0wbLUpmQYmQ8kGJrpCPhiuFrEe9g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwihnZCTuuHqAhXIbc0KHZQ_AP8Q6AEwAXoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=Sarah%20Harding%20was%20born%20in%20Malibu%20in%201951%20and%20educated%20in%20Los%20Angeles%2C%20California.%20She%20studied%20English%20literature%20and%20anthropology%20at%20Prescott%20College%20in%20Arizona%20and%20earned%20a%20degree%20in%20Religious%20Studies%20from%20Naropa%20University%20in%20Boulder%2C%20Colorado.%20Sarah%20spent%20three%20years%20traveling%20through%20Europe%2C%20Africa%2C%20and%20Asia%2C%20and%20while%20abroad%2C%20she%20studied%20Tibetan%20language%20and%20culture%20for%20two%20years%20in%20Darjeeling%2C%20India%2C%20and%20in%20Kathmandu%2C%20Nepal.%20In%201974%2C%20Sarah%20returned%20to%20the%20United%20States%20to%20continue%20her%20studies%20in%20Tibetan%20culture%20and%20language.%20Her%20interests%20in%20Tibetan%20and%20Buddhist%20studies%20culminated%20in%20her%20participation%20in%20the%20first%20traditional%20three-year%20meditation%20and%20study%20retreat%20for%20Westerners%2C%20which%20was%20conducted%20entirely%20in%20Tibetan%2C%20under%20the%20guidance%20of%20Venerable%20Kalu%20Rinpoche%2C%20near%20Dijon%2C%20France.&f=false Adapted from Source July 22, 2020])'''Online Publications''': *[http://tsadra-wp.tsadra.org/2016/07/13/pha-dampa-sangye-and-the-alphabet-goddess/ Pha Dampa Sangye and the Alphabet Goddess: A Preliminary Study of the Sources of the Zhije Tradition]. Presented by Sarah Harding at the 2016 meeting of the International Association of Tibetan Studies (IATS) in Bergen, Norway*[http://magazine.naropa.edu/wisdom-traditions-fall-2017/features/glorious-naropa.php Nāropa’s Life of Liberation and Spiritual Song]*[http://tsadra-wp.tsadra.org/2014/04/28/did-machik-really-teach-chod/ Did Machik Lapdrön Really Teach Chöd? A Survey of the Early Sources]eally-teach-chod/ Did Machik Lapdrön Really Teach Chöd? A Survey of the Early Sources])
Okumura, S. + (Shohaku Okumura was born in Osaka, Japan i … Shohaku Okumura was born in Osaka, Japan in 1948. He is an ordained priest and Dharma successor of Kōshō Uchiyama Roshi in the lineage of Kōdō Sawaki Roshi. He is a graduate of Komazawa University and has practiced at Antaiji with Kōshō Uchiyama Roshi, Zuioji with Narasaki Ikkō Roshi in Japan, and Pioneer Valley Zendo in Massachusetts. He taught at Kyoto Sōtō Zen Center in Japan and Minnesota Zen Meditation Center in Minneapolis. He was the director of the Soto Zen Buddhism International Center (previously called Soto Zen Education Center) in San Francisco from 1997 to 2010.His previously published books of translation include ''Dōgen’s Extensive Record: A Translation of the Eihei Kōroku''; ''Shikantaza: An Introduction to Zazen''; ''Shōbōgenzō Zuimonki: Sayings of Eihei Dōgen Zenji''; ''Heart of Zen: Practice without Gaining-mind'' (previously titled ''Dōgen Zen''); ''Zen Teachings of "Homeless" Kōdō''; ''Opening the Hand of Thought''; ''The Whole Hearted Way: A Translation of Eihei Dōgen’s Bendōwa with Commentary by Kōshō Uchiyama Roshi''; and ''Dōgen’s Pure Standards for the Zen Community: A Translation of Eihei Shingi''. Okumura is also the editor of ''Dōgen Zen and Its Relevance for Our Time''; ''Soto Zen: An Introduction to Zazen''; and ''Nothing is Hidden: Essays on Zen Master Dōgen’s Instructions for the Cook''.He is the founding teacher of the Sanshin Zen Community, based in Bloomington, Indiana, where he lives with his family. (''Realizing Genjokoan'', about the author)''Realizing Genjokoan'', about the author))
Thrangu Rinpoche + (Short Biography of the Ninth Khenchen Thra … Short Biography of the Ninth Khenchen Thrangu Tulku, Karma Lodrö Lungrik Maway Senge: The Venerable Khenchen Thrangu Rinpoche was born in Kham, Tibet, in 1933. At the age of five, he was formally recognized by His Holiness the Sixteenth Karmapa and Tai Situpa as the ninth incarnation of the great Thrangu tulku. He entered Thrangu monastery, where, from the ages of seven to sixteen, he studied reading, writing, grammar, poetry, and astrology, memorized ritual texts, and completed two preliminary retreats. At sixteen, under the direction of Khenpo Lodro Rabsel, he began the study of the three vehicles of Buddhism while in retreat. At twenty-three he received full ordination from the Karmapa.Because of the Chinese military takeover of Tibet, Thrangu Rinpoche, then twenty-seven, was forced to flee to India in 1959. He was called to Rumtek monastery in Sikkim, where the Karmapa has his seat in exile. Because of his great scholarship and unending diligence, he was given the task of preserving the teachings of the Kagyu lineage; the lineage of Marpa, Milarepa, and Gampopa, so that one thousand years of profound Buddhist teachings would not be lost.He continued his studies in exile, and at the age of thirty-five he took the geshe examination before 1500 monks at Buxador monastic refugee camp in Bengal and was awarded the degree of Geshe Lharampa. Upon his return to Rumtek, he was awarded the highest Khenchen degree. Because many of the Buddhist texts in Tibet were destroyed, Thrangu Rinpoche helped in beginning the recovery of these texts from Tibetan monasteries outside of Tibet. He was named Abbot of Rumtek monastery and the Nalanda Institute for Higher Buddhist Studies at Rumtek. Thrangu Rinpoche, along with Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche, was one of the principal teachers at the Institute, training all the younger tulkus of the lineage, including The Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche, who was in the first class. He was also the personal tutor of the four principal Karma Kagyu tulkus: Shamar Rinpoche, Situ Rinpoche, Jamgon Kongtrul Rinpoche, and Gyaltsab Rinpoche. Thrangu Rinpoche established the fundamental curriculum of the Karma Kagyu lineage taught at Rumtek. In addition, he taught with Khenpo Karthar, who had been a teacher at Thrangu Rinpoche's monastery in Tibet before 1959, and who is now head of Karma Triyana Dharmachakra in Woodstock, New York, the seat of His Holiness Karmapa in North America.After twenty years at Rumtek, in 1976 Thrangu Rinpoche founded the small monastery of Thrangu Tashi Choling in Boudhanath, Kathmandu, Nepal. Since then, he has founded a retreat center and college at Namo Buddha, east of the Kathmandu Valley, and has established a school in Boudhanath for the general education of Tibetan lay children and young monks in Western subjects as well as in Buddhist studies. In Kathmandu, he built Tara Abbey, which offers a full dharma education for Tibetan nuns, training them to become khenpos or teachers. He has also established a free medical clinic in an impoverished area of Nepal.Thrangu Rinpoche recently completed a large, beautiful monastery in Sarnath, India, overlooking the Deer Park where the Buddha gave his first teaching on the Four Noble Truths. This monastery is named Vajra Vidya after the Sixteenth Gyalwa Karmapa, and it is now the seat for the annual Kagyu conference led by His Holiness the Seventeenth Karmapa. In January of this year, His Holiness the Dalai Lama came to Sarnath to perform a ceremony in the Deer Park with the Karmapa, Thrangu Rinpoche, and other high lamas.Around 1976, Thrangu Rinpoche began giving authentic Buddhist teachings in the West. He has traveled extensively throughout Europe, Asia, and the United States. In 1984 he spent several months in Tibet where he ordained over one hundred monks and nuns and visited several monasteries. In the United States, Thrangu Rinpoche has centers in Maine and California, and is currently building the Vajra Vidya Retreat Center in Crestone, Colorado. Highly qualified monks and nuns from Thrangu Rinpoche's monastery will give retreatants instruction in various intensive practices. He often visits and gives teachings in centers in New York, Connecticut, and Seattle, Washington. In Canada, he gives teachings in Vancouver and has a center in Edmonton. He is the Abbot of Gampo Abbey, a Buddhist monastery in Nova Scotia. He conducts yearly Namo Buddha seminars in the United States, Canada, and Europe, which are also part of a meditation retreat.Rinpoche has now taught in over twenty-five countries and has seventeen centers in twelve countries. He is especially known for making complex teachings accessible to Western students. Thrangu Rinpoche is a recognized master of Mahamudra meditation.Because of his vast knowledge of the Dharma and his skill as a teacher, he was appointed by His Holiness the Dalai Lama to be the personal tutor for His Holiness the Seventeenth Karmapa.(Source: [http://www.rinpoche.com/bio1.htm Rinpoche.com, Official Site of the 9th Khenchen Thrangu Rinpoche])For ''The Life of Thrangu Rinpoche with Pictures'' [http://www.rinpoche.com/life_of_TR_11_11_2015.pdf Click here].com/life_of_TR_11_11_2015.pdf Click here])
Śrīsiṃha + (Shri Singha was the chief disciple and suc … Shri Singha was the chief disciple and successor of Manjushrimitra in the lineage of the Dzogchen teachings. He was born in the Chinese city of Shokyam in Khotan and studied at first with the Chinese masters Hatibhala and Bhelakirti. In his Ocean of Wondrous Sayings, Guru Tashi Tobgyal adds that Shri Singha received a prophesy from Avalokiteshvara while traveling to Serling, telling him to go to the Sosaling charnel ground in order to be sure of the ultimate attainment. After many years Shri Singha met Manjushrimitra in the charnel ground of Sosaling, and remained with him for twenty-five years. Having transmitted all the oral instructions, the great master Manjushrimitra dissolved his bodily form into a mass of light. When Shri Singha cried out in despair and uttered songs of deep yearning, Manjushrimitra appeared again and bestowed him a tiny casket of precious substance. The casket contained his master's final words, a vital instruction named Gomnyam Drugpa, the Six Experiences of Meditation. Having received this transmission, Shri Singha reached ultimate confidence. In Bodhgaya he found the manuscripts of the tantras previously hidden by Manjushrimitra which he took to China where he classified the Instruction Section into four parts: the outer, inner, secret, and the innermost unexcelled sections. Among Shri Singha's disciples were four outstanding masters: Jnanasutra, Vimalamitra, Padmasambhava and the Tibetan translator Vairotsana. (Source: [https://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/Shri_Singha RY wiki])tsadra.org/index.php/Shri_Singha RY wiki]))
Balsys, B. + (Since the late 1960s Bodo Balsys has dedic … Since the late 1960s Bodo Balsys has dedicated his life to understanding the nature of consciousness and sharing his unique insights with others. He is a writer, a poet, an artist, a meditation teacher and healer. He has studied extensively across multiple fields of life. These include Esoteric science, meditation, healing, cosmology, Christianity, Buddhism, natural science, art, politics and history.Bodo has published multiple books. His first series, The Revelation (three volumes), was concerned with providing insights into fundamental esoteric subjects, and specifically providing an esoteric understanding of the Christian Bible. His more recent books focus on providing new insights into Buddhism and particularly their alignment with esoteric science. Bodo also holds a science degree from the University of Western Sydney. He is currently teaching at the School of Esoteric Sciences (near Sydney), which he established. ([https://www.universaldharma.com/about-us/our-teacher-bodo-balsys/ Source Accessed July 19, 2023])do-balsys/ Source Accessed July 19, 2023]))
Bsod nams dpal dren + (Sonam Peldren (bsod nam dpal 'dren) was bo … Sonam Peldren (bsod nam dpal 'dren) was born on the seventeenth day of the tenth month of the earth male-dragon year (either 1268 or 1328). Her mother was named Nezang Chotso (gnas bzang chos mtsho); her father was named Yondak Ngoli (yon bdag sngo li) and was a descendent of the Tong (stong) clan. She was born in a place called Tashipa Janggyab (bkra shis pa byang rgyab) in Dam Sho ('dam shod), in the Nol (snol) district of U (dbus), near the Nyenchen Tanglha mountain range (gnyen chen thang lha). Her birth name was Gego (ge god); sometime after her marriage at age seventeen she was renamed Sonam Peldren. She was the youngest of four children: she had two elder brothers named Azang (a 'zang) and Kunchog Gyab (dkon mchog skyabs), and one elder sister named Chokyi (chos skyid.)Little is known of the years between Sonam Peldren's birth and her marriage at age sixteen other than that her mother passed away, her father remarried, and that she was a calm child liked by all. When Sonam Peldren was seventeen years old, her father arranged her marriage, choosing from among three available suitors: Chakdor Kyab (phyag dor skyabs), described simply as a nomad from Kham, and who is more commonly known by the name Rinchen Pel; Ga Yar ('ga' yar), also described only as a nomad from Kham; and Pelek (dpal legs), described as the chief scribe (dpon yig) from a wealthy local family in central Tibet. Sonam Peldren's father, with the strong approval of his wife and extended family, betrothed Sonam Peldren to the scribe Pelek.Sonam Peldren, however, refused to marry the groom of her family's choice, and instead insisted that she marry Rinchen Pel, claiming that her union with Rinchen Pel was karmically predestined. Sonam Peldren's father, step-mother, sister, brothers, and several other relatives questioned Sonam Peldren's refusal to marry a wealthy man from central Tibet to marry instead a landless man from the "miserable region" (sdugs sa, sic) of Kham. Sonam Peldren's fiancé himself was appalled by the adamant refusal of his betrothed to follow her father's wishes, and eventually withdrew his offer of marriage. Sonam Peldren's family reluctantly returned the gifts received from the scribe and his family; after Rinchen Pel supplied his own gifts, the two were considered married. Following her death it was Rinchen Pel who would promote her teachings and visions, in part with a written narrative of her life.The biography of Sonam Peldren records only general stories about the events in Sonam Peldren's life between her marriage at age sixteen and the final months of her life before her death at age forty-four. Sonam Peldren lived as a nomad and traveled with her husband and fellow nomads, first in the central Tibetan region of U-Tsang (dbus gtsang) until she was thirty years old, and then in the "eight valley" region (brgyad shod) of eastern Tibet until her death. Sonam Peldren and Rinchen Pel had four children: two sons named Sonam Dondrub (bsod nams don 'grub) and Tsukdor Gyab (gtsug tor skyabs) and two daughters named Gumril or Gumrim (gum ril/m) and Sonam Kyi (bsod nams skyid) The birth order of these children, and Sonam Peldren's age at their birth, is not known.These years of travel are described in the biography as punctuated by Sonam Peldren's miracles and acts of generosity. For example, her biography recounts that Sonam Peldren gave nearly all of her clothing to beggars, opting to live in a simple cotton piece of clothing without shoes; it was said that while other members of her group developed frostbite underneath their thick clothing, Sonam Peldren, barefoot and wearing only a cotton tunic, walked unimpeded through the snow, melting it with her feet. Other examples of miracles attributed to Sonam Peldren include the following: when traveling over a snowy mountain pass, she dug a tunnel through the snow covering the mountain pass and traveled straight through to the other side, shocking the other nomads who traveled around the peak by reaching their destination first; she broke up a knife fight by grabbing four men in each of her hands and holding them apart until they ceased quarreling; when a bandit stole most of the nomadic group's horses in the middle of the night, she leapt onto the nearest remaining horse, raced down the road after the fleeing animals, and, grabbing the animals' manes with her left and right hands, led them back to camp; she carried the carcass of a fallen yak up a steep mountainside and back to her nomad encampment for their consumption; when the ice over a river broke beneath the feet of a pack animal, she yanked the yak out of the freezing water by its tail, pulling it to safety; she flung a load of barley off the back of one pack animal and onto another when the animal became lodged in a narrow pass; when a pack animal stumbled and fell over a rocky cliff, she reached down and pulled it up to safety.Without exception, the biography describes these episodes ending with Sonam Peldren glibly attributing her accomplishments to luck or fortuitous circumstances; for example, she explained that a huge wave had actually lifted the yak out of the freezing river. Also without exception, the biography records that her fellow nomads somehow failed to recognize Sonam Peldren's abilities.In the final year of her life, when she and her fellow nomads were traveling in a Ya Nga near what is now the city of Chamda (bya / lcam mda') in today's Driru ('bri ru) county in the Tibet Autonomous Region, Sonam Peldren gave increasingly explicit religious interpretations of her actions to Rinchen Pel, and described her dreams, visions, and premonitions of death.In particular, Sonam Peldren described recurring dreams and waking visions in which unnamed various female figures, each with their own retinue, appeared before her. Explaining that a plague would erupt in the nomad community if Sonam Peldren did not accompany them by the fifth month of that year, the female figures demanded that Sonam Peldren leave her nomad group and travel with them. Sonam Peldren interpreted these dreams and visions to mean that she would die in the fifth month.Following these visions and for the next several months, Sonam Peldren claimed to experience visions, gave increasingly lengthy teachings to Rinchen Pel about the religious nature of her identity and daily activities, and continued to express a conviction that her death was imminent and that relics would be found in her cremation ashes. Many of her teachings, which took the form of spontaneous songs (mgur), focused on basic Buddhist doctrines of impermanence, non-attachment, and so forth. Other speeches made reference to esoteric Buddhist practices and philosophies, such as the Mahāmudrā and other doctrines typically associated with the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism. These teachings were noteworthy given the absence of any religious training or practice up to that point, a topic which Sonam Peldren's husband, family, and community returned to repeatedly in their criticisms of her claims.On the predicted day of the fifth month of the water mouse year, Sonam Peldren declared that she was ready to die. According to her husband's account, she first claimed to see multi-colored maṇḍalas of dākinīs and tutelary deities in the sky, then conducted an offering ritual, and declared that she was ready "to go." Crying "Heek!" her body was said to have shot into the sky, then to have come down and bounced five times, each time higher. Finally, her corpse glowed with white light; gods and goddesses of light poured from her body, and accompanied her consciousness as it departed for a Buddha realm. The corpse descended slowly to earth and landed in a seated posture on the ground. A red drop appeared in the right nostril and a white drop in the left; when Rinchen Pel wiped the drops away with a flat rock, images of a red sow and a deity wearing a tiger skin appeared on the surface of the stone. Rainbows were seen, and that night visions of palaces and various mandalas filled the sky.The date of her death given in her biography is the twenty-third day of the fifth month of the water male-mouse year (1312 or 1372), meaning she would have been about forty-four years old.Upon cremation Sonam Peldren's skeleton was said to be found covered with images: ḍākinīs and dharma protectors; multiple images of Vajravārahī (known as Dorje Pakmo in Tibetan), Vajrāpaṇī, the Buddha Śākyamuni, Tārā, Vairocana, Cakrasaṃvara, Vajrasattva, Ratnasambhava, Amitābha, Maitreya, Vajrayoginī, Dīpaṃkara and Vajradhara. Also said to be visible were the thirty-two print and cursive letters of the Tibetan alphabet; multiple and variously-colored sows; an elephant, vajra, conch shell, fish, and bell; and the letter "Ah" as well as the syllable "Tam". On her pelvic bone were signs of the secret wisdom ḍākinī, a triangle, the syllable "Bam," a flower, two ḍākinīs, and three circles of mantras.For Rinchen Pel, Sonam Peldren's miraculous death vindicated her claims of religious authority; others in her community were not convinced. Beginning seven months after her passing, Rinchen Pel claimed to experience nine posthumous encounters with Sonam Peldren. The nature of these encounters varied. In some, Rinchen Pel asked questions, such as why Sonam Peldren's body had been ugly, inferior, and female during her lifetime; what he was supposed to do with the vast quantity of relics produced from her corpse; how Sonam Peldren had accrued religious knowledge in her lifetime despite no visible study or practice of religion; and what the meaning had been of Sonam Peldren's strange dreams, visions, songs and religious pronouncements in the last months of her life.In another posthumous vision, when Rinchen Pel retreated to a mountainside to petition Sonam Peldren for guidance about whether he should ordain as a monk, Sonam Peldren appeared and sang a verse about emptiness and the nature of mind. In two other visions, Sonam Peldren chastised Rinchen Pel for neglecting her relics, using them to get material gain for himself, and for letting others' doubts about the authenticity of the relics affect his presentation and explanation of them, an accusation which Rinchen Pel denied. In yet other visions, Sonam Peldren simply appeared in the form of Dorje Pakmo before Rinchen Pel, along with rainbows, ḍākinīs, unusual birds, Sanskrit letters on mountain peaks.Today Sonam Peldren is remembered as an exemplary female practitioner. A nunnery in Driru named Ya Nga Chamda Ganden Khacho Ling Nunnery (ya nga bya mda' btsun dgon dga' ldan mkha' phyod gling), called either Khacho Ling or Ganden Khacho Ling for short, stands on her death site; this nunnery contains a large wall mural depicting events from the lives of both Sonam Peldren and Rinchen Pel. Resident nuns perform and offering ritual to Sonam Peldren three times a month.Her legacy was strong enough that by the sixteenth or seventeenth century a text describing the history of Tibet's only female reincarnation lineage, the Samding Dorje Pakmo (bsam lding rdo rje phag mo), could name her as an early figure in the lineage, both an incarnation of Dorje Pakmo and a pre-incarnation of Chokyi Drolma, the First Samding Dorje Pakmo (bsam sdings rdo rje phag mo 01 chos kyi sgron ma, 1422-1467/1468). However, it is worthwhile to point out that at Ganden Khacho Ling she is not regarded as belonging to the Samding Dorje Pakmo incarnation line, nor is she considered to have been an incarnation of Dorje Pakmo.At least one twentieth-century woman claimed to be an incarnation of Sonam Peldren: Khandro Kunsang (mkha' 'gro kun bzang, d. 2004), a woman affiliated with the Kagyu tradition who gained great regional fame as a tantric practitioner and healer.Source [http://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/bsod-nam-dpal-dren//13196]iographies/view/bsod-nam-dpal-dren//13196])
Teiser, S. + (Stephen F. Teiser is D. T. Suzuki Professo … Stephen F. Teiser is D. T. Suzuki Professor in Buddhist Studies and Professor of Religion in the Department of Religion at Princeton University. His work traces the interaction between cultures using textual, artistic, and material remains from the Silk Road, specializing in Buddhism and Chinese religions. His forthcoming monograph from Sanlian Publishers, based on the 2014 Guanghua Lectures in the Humanities at Fudan University, is entitled 儀禮與佛教研究 (Ritual and the Study of Buddhism). He also serves as Director of Princeton’s interdepartmental Program in East Asian Studies, and in 2014 he received the Graduate Mentoring Award in the Humanities from Princeton University’s McGraw Center for Teaching and Learning,Teiser’s previous work appeared in three monographs: ''Reinventing the Wheel: Paintings of Rebirth in Medieval Buddhist Temples'' (2006), awarded the Prix Stanislas Julien by the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, Institut de France; ''"The Scripture on the Ten Kings" and the Making of Purgatory in Medieval Chinese Buddhism'' (1994), awarded the Joseph Levenson Book Prize (pre-twentieth century) in Chinese Studies by the AAS; and ''The Ghost Festival in Medieval China'' (1988), awarded the prize in History of Religions by the ACLS. He has also edited several books, including ''Readings of the Platform Sūtra'' (2012) and ''Readings of the Lotus Sūtra'' (2009).He is currently Co-Principal Investigator on “Dunhuang Art and Manuscripts,” a four-year project of conferences and publications on Buddhist art and manuscripts of the Silk Road, with primary funding from the Henry Luce Foundation, and he serves on the Steering Committee of “From the Ground Up: East Asian Religions through Multi-media Sources and Interdisciplinary Perspectives,” a SSHRC/Canada partnership grant based at University of British Columbia. From 2005 to 2008 he was Director of the Tibet Site Seminar, an interdisciplinary project for teaching Ph.D. students in the fields of Art History and Buddhist Studies. Prior to that he was a member of the research project on “Merit, Opulence, and the Buddhist Network of Wealth,” sponsored by Northwestern University and the Dunhuang Research Academy in 1999-2001; and a member of the research group on Buddhist texts, Centre de Recherche sur les Manuscrits, Inscriptions, et Documents Iconographiques de Chine, sponsored by CNRS, Paris, 1996-2005.Stephen F. Teiser studied for his A.B. at Oberlin College (Ohio) and received his M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from Princeton University. He has held teaching appointments at Middlebury College and University of Southern California, and has been visiting professor at École pratique des Hautes Études (Paris), Heidelberger Akadamie der Wissenschaften, and Capital Normal University 首都師範大學 (Beijing). He has received fellowships and grants from American Council of Learned Societies, E. Rhodes and Leona B. Carpenter Foundation, Chiang Ching-Kuo Foundation, Robert H.N. Ho Family Foundation, Henry Luce Foundation, Andrew Mellon Foundation, National Endowment for the Humanities, Silkroad Foundation, Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada, and Social Science Research Council.nada, and Social Science Research Council.)
Gethin, S. + (Stephen Gethin studied veterinary medicine … Stephen Gethin studied veterinary medicine at Cambridge University, where he was also awarded a choral exhibition. After a number of years in professional practice, he spent much of the 1980s undertaking two three-year retreats in France, where he now lives and, as a founding member of the Padmakara Translation Group, continues to translate. He became a Tsadra Foundation Translation Fellow in 2005. His published translations include Nagarjuna’s ''Letter to a Friend'', ''Zurchungpa’s Testament'', Dudjom Rinpoche’s ''A Torch Lighting the Way to Freedom'', and Jamgön Mipham’s commentaries on Padmasambhava’s ''Garland of Views'' and the ''Mahāyāna-sūtrālaṃkāra''. He is currently working on a detailed preliminary practice commentary by Shechen Gyaltsap and on a volume of Jamgön Kongtrul’s ''Treasury of Precious Instructions''. ([https://www.colorado.edu/event/lotsawa/presenters/stephen-gethin Source Accessed Sept 18, 2020])hen-gethin Source Accessed Sept 18, 2020]))
Manshu, S. + (Su Manshu (traditional Chinese: 蘇曼殊; simpl … Su Manshu (traditional Chinese: 蘇曼殊; simplified Chinese: 苏曼殊; pinyin: Sū Mànshū, 1884–1918) was a Chinese writer, poet, painter, revolutionist, and translator. His original name was Su Xuanying (Chinese: 蘇玄瑛; pinyin: Sū Xuányīng), Su had been named as a writer of poetry and romantic love stories in the history of early modern Chinese literature. But he was most commonly known as a Buddhist monk, a poetry monk, "the monk of sentiment" (pinyin: qing seng; simplified Chinese: 情僧), and "the revolutionary monk" (pinyin: gem-ing seng; simplified Chinese: 革命僧). Su was born out of wedlock in Yokohama, Japan in 1884. His father was a Cantonese merchant, and his mother was his father's Japanese maid. His ancestral home was in Zhongshan city, Guangdong Province, China. He died at the age of 34 due to a stomach disease in Shanghai. Su had a good master of painting and language. He mastered many languages — English, French, Japanese and Sanskrit. In 1896, he went to Shanghai with his uncle and aunt to study in the British con-cession when he was thirteen years old. Later, in 1898, he went to Japan to study at the School of Universal Harmony (Da Tong School 大同學校) in Yokohama, Japan. In 1902, he continued to study in the special program for Chinese students at Waseda University ( 早稻田大學 ).He became a Buddhist monk three times during his life; once at the age of 12 in 1895, later in 1899, and again in 1903, and adopted Su Manshu as a Buddhist name. He studied in Japan and traveled to many Buddhist countries including India, and Java. In 1895, Su fell ill and nearly died due to neglect of care from his family, which resulted in him resorting Buddhism. However, Su did not follow the rules of Buddhism so he was expelled. In 1898, Su suffered a serious setback in his romantic relationship with a Japanese girl named Jingzi. Jinzi's family forced her to leave Su, but she could not bear the great pressure and soon died. After facing the suffering, Su resorted to Buddhism again as a spiritual consolation for a short period. In 1913, Su felt disappointed about the political and social status, which the Qing government perpetually banned anti-government remarks in the revolutionary newspaper. So he returned to the temple in Guangdong for the rest of his life.Su was the most famous prose translator and his masterworks include Selected poems of Byron and ''Les Miserables''. In 1903, he serialized his incomplete translation of ''Les Miserable World'' in ''The China National Gazette (國民日日報)'' and then published it in 1904. Su also translated quite a few poems by foreign romantic poets from Lord Byron and then published a collection of the translations entitled ''Selected Poems of Byron (拜倫詩選)'' in 1908. In 1911, some of these translations were published again in an anthology entitled ''Chao Yin (Voice of the Tide)''. In 1911 or 1912, Su wrote and published his first as well as a most celebrated semi-autobiographical romance novel, ''Duan Hong Ling Yan Ji (The Lone Swan)''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su_Manshu Source Accessed July 21, 2023])/Su_Manshu Source Accessed July 21, 2023]))
Thornton, S. + (Sybil Thornton's research focuses on three … Sybil Thornton's research focuses on three interrelated areas of Japanese narrative: medieval Buddhist propaganda, late-medieval epic, and the period film. In addition to several articles and book chapters, she is the author of ''Charisma and Community Formation in Medieval Japan: The Case of the Yugyo-ha (1300-1700)'' and of the 2007 Japanese Period Film: ''A Critical Analysis''. She is now working on a translation and study of the c. 1400 Meitokuki, the second of a proposed series of five late-medieval Japanese epics and an article on the fabricated earthquake report as a type scene in the Japanese epic. ([https://search.asu.edu/profile/53371 Source Accessed June 2, 2023])ofile/53371 Source Accessed June 2, 2023]))
Yamasaki, T. + (Taiko Yamasaki . . . is abbot of Jokoin Te … Taiko Yamasaki . . . is abbot of Jokoin Temple in Kobe, Japan, and Dean of the Department of Esoteric Instruction at Shuchi-in University in Kyoto, Japan. He is one of the worlds recognized experts in Ajikan and other forms of Meditation. ([http://www.shingon.org/sbii/books/ShingonJEB.html Adapted from Source Nov 20, 2023])EB.html Adapted from Source Nov 20, 2023]))
Bardor Rinpoche, 1st + (Terchen Barway Dorje (1st Bardor Rinpoche, … Terchen Barway Dorje (1st Bardor Rinpoche, 1836-1918) was a student of the 9th Tai Situ Rinpoche, the 14th Karmapa, Chokgyur Dechen Lingpa, and many other masters of his time.Initially associated with Surmang Monastery of which he was a recognized tulku (Shartse Rinpoche of Surmang), Terchen Barway Dorje devoted a good portion of his life to reviving of the lost teachings of the Barom Kagyu. He was also known as a revealer of terma (treasures) of which he discovered nine volumes.The treasures discovered by Terchen Barway Dorje had been concealed by two of Guru Rinpoche’s principal disciples—Nupchen Sangye Yeshe and Yeshe Tsogyal. Terchen Barway Dorje was an emanation of both of them.Toward the end of his life, Terchen Barway Dorje founded Raktrul Monastery in eastern Tibet.The writings of Terchen Barway Dorje consist of fourteen volumes. Of these, nine volumes are his revelations or termas, three volumes are his collective writings or compositions, one volume is his autobiography, and the one volume is his collective songs of instruction.The autobiography of Terchen Barway Dorje has been translated into English and published by KTD Publications as ''Precious Essence: The Inner Autobiography of Terchen Barway Dorje''. His collective songs of instruction have been published as ''Treasury of Eloquence: The Songs of Barway Dorje''.of Eloquence: The Songs of Barway Dorje''.)
Dzogchen Ponlop, The 7th + (The 7th Dzogchen Ponlop (Karma Sungrap Nge … The 7th Dzogchen Ponlop (Karma Sungrap Ngedön Tenpa Gyaltsen, born 1965) is an abbot of Dzogchen Monastery, founder and spiritual director of Nalandabodhi, founder of Nītārtha Institute for Higher Buddhist Studies, a leading Tibetan Buddhist scholar, and a meditation master. He is one of the highest tülkus in the Nyingma lineage and an accomplished Karma Kagyu lineage holder.Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche was born in 1965 at Rumtek Monastery (Dharma Chakra Center) in Sikkim, India. His birth was prophesied by the supreme head of the Kagyu lineage, Rangjung Rigpe Dorje, 16th Karmapa, to Ponlop Rinpoche's parents, Dhamchö Yongdu, the General Secretary of the Sixteenth Gyalwang Karmapa, and his wife, Lekshey Drolma. Upon his birth, he was recognized by the 16th Gyalwang Karmapa as the seventh in the line of Dzogchen Ponlop incarnations and was formally enthroned as the Seventh Dzogchen Ponlop at Rumtek Monastery in 1968.[1]After receiving Buddhist refuge and bodhisattva vows from the 16th Gyalwang Karmapa, Dzogchen Ponlop was ordained as a novice monk in 1974. He subsequently received full ordination and became a bhikṣu, although he later returned his vows and is now a lay teacher.Rinpoche received teachings and empowerments from the 16th Gyalwang Karmapa, Dilgo Khyentse, Kalu Rinpoche, Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, Khenchen Thrangu Rinpoche (chief Abbot of the Kagyu lineage), Alak Zenkar Rinpoche, and Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche, his root guru.Ponlop Rinpoche began studying Buddhist philosophy at the primary school in Rumtek at age 12. In 1979 (when Rinpoche was fourteen), the 16th Karmapa proclaimed Ponlop Rinpoche to be a heart son of the Gyalwang Karmapa and a holder of his Karma Kagyu lineage. In 1980 on his first trip to the West, he accompanied the Sixteenth Gyalwang Karmapa to Europe, United States, Canada, and Southeast Asia. While serving as the Karmapa's attendant, he also gave dharma teachings and assisted in ceremonial roles during these travels.[2]In 1981, he entered the monastic college at Rumtek, Karma Shri Nalanda Institute for Higher Buddhist Studies where he studied the fields of Buddhist philosophy, psychology, logic, and debate. During his time at Rumtek, Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche worked for the Students' Welfare Union, served as head librarian, and was the chief-editor of the Nalandakirti Journal, an annual publication which brings together Eastern and Western views on Buddhism. Rinpoche graduated in 1990 as Ka-rabjampa from Karma Shri Nalanda Institute for Higher Buddhist Studies in Rumtek Monastery. (Ka-rabjampa means "one with unobstructed knowledge of scriptures", the Kagyu equivalent of the Sakya and Gelug's geshe degree.) He simultaneously earned the degree of Acharya, or Master of Buddhist Philosophy, from Sampurnanant Sanskrit University. Dzogchen Ponlop has also completed studies in English and comparative religion at Columbia University in New York City. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzogchen_Ponlop_Rinpoche Source Accessed Nov 19, 2019])For further information about Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche, visit his [https://dpr.info/ Official Website]t his [https://dpr.info/ Official Website])
Adeu Rinpoche + (The Eighth Adeu Rinpoche was born on the f … The Eighth Adeu Rinpoche was born on the fourth day of the 12th Tibetan month in the Iron Horse year of the fifteenth calendrical cycle, in the middle of a freezing winter. As the 16th Karmapa and the Eighth Choegon Rinpoche recognized the child as the authentic reincarnation of the Seventh Adeu Rinpoche, he was taken to Tsechu Gompa for enthronement at the age of seven. Immediately after this, he began his traditional education in writing, calligraphy, poetry, astrology, mandala painting, spiritual practice and text recitation. At the same time, the young Adeu Rinpoche also received many teachings and pith-instructions based on the old and new traditions, but primarily on the Drukpa lineage from the Eighth Choegon Rinpoche, Jamyang Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö and many other great masters. After this, Rinpoche entered into a seven-year retreat, during which he practised the sadhanas of different deities and trained in tsa-lung, following the Six Yogas of Naropa and the liberating Mahamudra mind-training practices. He also learnt philosophy. Adeu Rinpoche later wrote a precise commentary on the three sets of vows, the root of heart-essence of Nyingmapa lineage, and on the various mandala deities.In 1958, all the sacred texts, statues and precious objects were completely destroyed, and Rinpoche was imprisoned for fifteen years. Although Adeu Rinpoche suffered a great deal, the period in prison gave him an opportunity to meet many accomplished masters, who had also been imprisoned, especially Khenpo Munsel from whom he received instructions on Dzogchen, and under whose guidance, he practised the rare and precious teachings of the aural lineage (Nyengyü) of the Nyingma school, and studied the various Nyingmapa terma teachings.Adeu Rinpoche was an extremely important master of the Drukpa Kagyü lineage, especially following the Cultural Revolution, during which many great Drukpa lineage masters passed away. When teachings of the Drukpa lineage were faced with extinction, Adeu Rinpoche was the only remaining lineage holder of the Khampa tradition of the Drukpa lineage.At the end of 1980, Adeu Rinpoche went to Tashi Jong in India to pass on the entire lineage of the Khampa Drukpa tradition to the present Khamtrul Rinpoche Dongyü Nyima, Choegon Rinpoche Choekyi Wangchuk and many other great tulkus of the Drukpa lineage.In 1990, Adeu Rinpoche also gave the complete empowerments of the Drukpa lineage to the local tulkus in Nangchen. About 51 tulkus and 1600 monks and nuns were present to receive the empowerments and oral transmissions. In this way, Adeu Rinpoche became the main lineage master of the Khampa Drukpa tradition for all the Drukpa tulkus. Thereafter, Adeu Rinpoche went to Bhutan and exchanged initiations with Je Khenpo, Jigme Chodrak Rinpoche, Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche and many other enlightened masters, thus becoming a representative of the Drukpa lineage.Adeu Rinpoche also took responsibility for restoring Tsechu Gompa, and at the same time collecting, correcting and editing all the Drukpa teachings, tantras and practices.Adeu Rinpoche passed away in July 2007, in Nangchen, Tibet.His reincarnation has recently been identified, in Tibet, by Choegon Rinpoche Chökyi Senge. (Source:[https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Adeu_Rinpoche])pawiki.org/index.php?title=Adeu_Rinpoche]))
Dhargyey, Ngawang + (The Most Venerable Geshe Ngawang Dhargyey … The Most Venerable Geshe Ngawang Dhargyey was born on the 13th of the fifth Tibetan month in the year of the Iron-Bird (1921) in the town of Yätsak (or Ya Chak) in the Trehor district of Tibet's eastern province Kham. He was soon enrolled in the large local Dhargyey Monastery of the Gelug tradition, where he took pre-novice ordination vows. Although he was enrolled there he studied mainly in the village Sakya monastery, Lona Gonpa where he received instruction in reading, writing, grammar etc, and learned numerous texts and practices by heart. His teachers there included two of his uncles, as well as Kushu Gonpä Rinpoche, who was a master of all the five major fields of learning.Image of Gen RinpocheAt the age of eighteen Gen Rinpoche left his home country to further his spiritual education at Sera Monastery, the great monastic university in Lhasa. There he underwent extensive training in all the five divisions of Buddhist philosophical study: Logic, Perfection of Wisdom, the Middle View, Metaphysics, and Ethical Discipline. This was interspersed with periods of intensive retreat at some of the many hermitages near Sera. By the time he was nineteen he had already mastered his studies sufficiently to become a scriptural teacher, and he began to have many students of his own. At the age of 21, he took full ordination vows of a Bhikshu from the widely renowned Purchog Jamgön Rinpoche. He also received numerous teachings, initiations and commentaries from the great Lamas of that time such as Kyabje Trijang Dorje Chang (His Holiness the Dalai Lama's Tutor), Bakri Dorje Chang, Lhatsün Dorje Chang, Gönsar Dorje Chang and others. His monastic teachers were the great scholar- practitioners Gen Sherab Wangchuk, Gen Chöntse, and the now Gyume Kensur Ugyän Tseten.He studied in Sera in Tibet for twenty years until, in 1959, Chinese oppression forced him to leave Tibet. Two years earlier he had been appointed tutor to two high incarnate lamas, Lhagön Rinpoche and Thupten Rinpoche. The three escaped from Chinese occupied Tibet together taking a long and dangerous journey of nine months under Chinese gunfire and snowstorms until they reached the Mustang region of Nepal. From Mustang it was a comparatively easy journey to India, where they joined His Holiness the Dalai Lama and some of Gen Rinpoche's other teachers.In India, after a brief pilgrimage to the sacred Buddhist sites, he took up his studies once again, and for several continued tutoring the tulkus (incarnate lamas). In the mid 1960s, he was chosen along with fifty-five other scholars to attend an Acarya course at Mussourie (north of Delhi). During his year in Mussourie, he and the other scholars wrote textbooks for the Tibetan refugee schools being established in India at that time. He then returned to Dalhousie where, over various periods, he continued to teach another seven incarnate lamas. He also finished his Geshe studies and, in oral examinations held at the Buxador refugee camp in Assam in eastern India (the seat of Sera monastery at that time) he gained the highest grade (First Class) Lharampa Geshe.In 1971 he was asked by His Holiness the Dalai Lama to start a teaching program for westerners at the newly constructed Library of Tibetan Works and Archives in Dharamsala, northern India. Two of his incarnate lama disciples, Sharpa Rinpoche and Kamlung Rinpoche, acted as translators. He stayed there, teaching very extensively to thousands of Westerners, until 1984. During this time he himself received extensive and often exclusive teachings from His Holiness the Dalai Lama and from both of the tutors, Kyabje Trijang Rinpoche and Kyabje Ling Rinpoche.In 1982 he travelled to the West for the first time to take up a one-semester visiting professorship for at the University of Washington in Seattle. This was followed by a year-long extensive tour of Buddhist teaching centres all over North America, Europe and Australasia.He spent six weeks in New Zealand during this tour, and at the end of the visit he was requested to establish a Buddhist centre here. In 1985 His Holiness advised Gen Rinpoche to come to New Zealand, initially for one and a half years, to establish a centre. After a six month tour of Australia, he arrived in Dunedin in mid 1985. Due to the success of the Buddhist centre he remained here, occasionally travelling to other parts of New Zealand and to Australia on teaching tours.Gen Rinpoche was a wonderful teacher who loved to teach the great treatises, as well as experiential teachings which distilled their essence. He gave his last formal teaching in February 1995 in Dunedin. Gen Rinpoche entered into the death process on the 11th August 1995 (the 16th of the 6th Tibetan month) remaining in meditation for of three days.His body was cremated with full traditional Tibetan funerary rites at Portobello, near Dunedin on 17th August (22nd of the 6th Tibetan month). Kushu Lhagön Rinpoche, one of Gen Rinpoche's tulku disciples, presided over the Great Offering to His Holy Body Ceremony at a specially built cremation stupa. ([https://dbc.dharmakara.net/GNDBiography.html Source Accessed Feb 24, 2023])graphy.html Source Accessed Feb 24, 2023]))
Bardor Rinpoche, 2nd + (The first rebirth of Terchen Barway Dorje … The first rebirth of Terchen Barway Dorje was recognized by the 15th Karmapa, but lived only a short time and, in fact, died before he was reached by the search party seeking him. The Karmapa later explained what happened: Terchen Barway Dorje had promised a great sinner named Changkyi Mingyur that he would not be reborn in a lower state. Changkyi Mingyur died shortly before the new incarnation of Terchen Barway Dorje was discovered and was about to be reborn in a lower state. In desperation, he called on Barway Dorje and it was therefore necessary for Bardor Rinpoche to depart his new body in order to fulfill his promise.The 15th Karmapa decided to perform another recognition of the 2nd Barway Dorje, but before the time for recognition arrived, the 15th Gyalwang Karmapa departed this realm for the benefit of beings in other places.For this reason, the rebirth of Terchen Barway Dorje—the 2nd Bardor Rinpoche—was recognized by the 11th Tai Situ Rinpoche, Padma Wangchok Gyalpo.The 2nd Bardor Rinpoche was born at the end of 1920 and many auspicious signs accompanied his birth. He was enthroned at Raktrul Monastery at the age of five but received his training and transmissions at Surmang and Kyodrak monasteries.In his thirteenth year, the 2nd Bardor Rinpoche met the 16th Gyalwang Karmapa. Because the Gyalwang Karmapa had been Bardor Rinpoche’s karmically destined guru in many lives, Bardor Rinpoche felt great devotion for the Karmapa upon meeting him.The 2nd Bardor Rinpoche spent much of his life serving the 16th Gyalwang Karmapa, although he occasionally traveled back to Raktrul Monastery to look after its needs. Toward the end of his life, he made an aspiration to be able to serve both the Karmapa and Raktrul Monastery in his future lives. As a result of that aspiration we now have two incarnations of the 3rd Bardor Rinpoche—one who has devoted most of his life to the service of both the 16th and 17th Karmapas and has founded Kunzang Palchen Ling in the US, and one who remains in Tibet and looks after Raktrul Monastery.A detailed account of the life of the 2nd Bardor Rinpoche is available in English translation as ''The Light of Dawn'' composed by Karma Tupten. ([https://www.kunzang.org/treasure-lineage/2nd-bardor-rinpoche/ Source Accessed June 28, 2023])-rinpoche/ Source Accessed June 28, 2023]))
Khyentse, Dzongsar + (The present Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinp … The present Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche, Thubten Chökyi Gyamtso, was born in 1961 in eastern Bhutan. He was recognized as a tulku by H.H. Sakya Trizin, and received empowerments and teachings from many of the greatest masters of Tibetan Buddhism, including H.H. the 16th Karmapa; H.H. Dudjom Rinpoche and Lama Sonam Zangpo (his paternal and maternal grandfathers); Chatral Rinpoche; Nyoshul Khen Rinpoche, Khenpo Appey, and many others. His root guru was Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, who began training Rinpoche from the age of 7.While still a teenager, Rinpoche built a small retreat center in Ghezing, Sikkim and soon began traveling and teaching around the world. In the 1980s, he began the restoration of Dzongsar Monastery in Derge, the responsibility of which he had inherited from his previous incarnation, Jamyang Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö. He established Dzongsar Institute in Bir, India, (now DKCLI in Chauntra), which has grown to be one of the most respected institutions for advanced dialectical study. He also oversees two monasteries in Bhutan and has established dharma centres in Australia, Europe, North America, and Asia. He has written several books and made award-winning films. Rinpoche continuously travels all over the world, practicing and teaching the Dharma. (Source: [https://khyentsefoundation.org/about-dzongsar-jamyang-khyentse-rinpoche/ Khyentse Foundation.org])yentse-rinpoche/ Khyentse Foundation.org]))
Sèngué, T. + (This is the Dharma name and pen name of Fr … This is the Dharma name and pen name of François Jacquemart.Lama Cheuky Sèngué (François Jacquemart) was born in 1949 and had his first encounter with Tibetan Buddhism in 1976. He accomplished a 3-year Buddhist retreat in France in the beginning of the eighties. He became a close student of the late Bokar Rinpoche and served him as an interpreter for a long period.In 1985, he founded (and still directs) Claire Lumière publications dedicated to Tibetan Buddhism, translating, editing, and publishing a considerable number of books in French, mainly for the Kagyu Lineage.He is also in charge of a few small Dharma centres (Aix-en-Provence, Avignon, and Grenoble) and teaches in France and Spain.His Holiness the Karmapa requested him to translate into French the Kagyu Monlam Books, a task which was completed under His direction at the Gyutö Monastery. ([https://karmapafoundation.eu/the-board/francois-jacquemart/ Source Accessed Feb 27, 2023])jacquemart/ Source Accessed Feb 27, 2023]))
Huber, T. + (Toni Huber has been Professor of Tibetan S … Toni Huber has been Professor of Tibetan Studies at the Humboldt University in Berlin, Germany, since 2003. His research interests and published oeuvre focus on ethnography and cultural history of Tibetan Plateau and eastern Himalayan highland societies, environment and society, ritual and religion, and nomadic pastoralism. His major monographs include ''Source of Life. Revitalisation Rites and Bon Shamans in Bhutan and the Eastern Himalayas'' (Vienna, In Press), ''The Holy Land Reborn. Pilgrimage and the Tibetan Reinvention of Buddhist India'' (Chicago, 2008), and ''The Cult of Pure Crystal Mountain. Popular Pilgrimage & Visionary Landscape in Southeast Tibet'' (New York & Oxford, 1999). ([https://buddhiststudies.berkeley.edu/news/2019-khyentse-lecture-toni-huber-humboldt-university-berlin-recently-discovered-ancient-tibetan Source Accessed Nov 21, 2023])red-ancient-tibetan Source Accessed Nov 21, 2023]))
Tsoknyi Rinpoche + (Tsoknyi Rinpoche (Wylie: Tshogs gnyis rin … Tsoknyi Rinpoche (Wylie: Tshogs gnyis rin po che), or Ngawang Tsoknyi Gyatso (born 13 March 1966), is a Nepalese Tibetan Buddhist teacher and author and the founder of the Pundarika Foundation. He is the third Tsoknyi Rinpoche, having been recognized by the 16th Karmapa as the reincarnation of Drubwang Tsoknyi Rinpoche. He is a tulku of the Drukpa Kagyü and Nyingma traditions and the holder of the Ratna Lingpa and Tsoknyi lineages.He began his education at Khampagar Monastery at Tashi Jong in Himachal Pradesh, India, at the age of thirteen. His main teachers are Khamtrul Rinpoche Dongyu Nyima, his father, Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, Nyoshul Khen Rinpoche, and Adeu Rinpoche.Rinpoche has overseen the Tergar Osel Ling Monastery, founded in Kathmandu, Nepal, by his father, Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche. His brothers are Chokyi Nyima Rinpoche, Tsikey Chokling Rinpoche, and Mingyur Rinpoche, and his nephews are Phakchok Rinpoche and the reincarnation of Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, known popularly as Khyentse Yangsi Rinpoche. He has overseen the monastery's operations and introduced studies for non-Tibetans. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsoknyi_Rinpoche Source Accessed November 18, 2019])npoche Source Accessed November 18, 2019]))
Pema Rigtsal + (Tulku Pema Rigtsal Rinpoche is the Supreme … Tulku Pema Rigtsal Rinpoche is the Supreme Head of Namkha Khyung Dzong Monastery in Humla, Nepal ("upper Dudjom lineage" known as Namkha Khyung Dzong, formerly based at Mount Kailash in Tibet). At the age of three he was recognized by Dudjom Rinpoche as the reincarnation of “Chimed Rinpoche,” who is the emanation of the Great Indian Siddha “Dampa Sangye” and spiritual head of the renowned Shedphel Ling Monastery in Ngari, Tibet. In 1985 he reconstructed the Namkha Khyung Dzong Monastery in Humla, Nepal, and has taught the 13 major philosophical texts (Shungchen Chusum) for 24 years. His religious guidance has inspired hundreds of ascetics and other practitioners in Tibet.Rinpoche has studied the Vajrayana tradition of the Nyingma lineage from renowned spiritual masters: Dudjom Rinpoche, Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, Dodrupchen Rinpoche, Penor Rinpoche, Thinley Norbu Rinpoche, Trulshik Rinpoche, and Domang Yangthang Rinpoche. ([https://rubinmuseum.org/events/event/mindfulness-meditation-with-tulku-pema-rigtsal-rinpoche-02-22-24/ Source Accessed January 23, 2024])According to Rigpa Wiki: Tulku Pema Rigtsal gives teachings on the Dudjom Tersar Ngöndro, the ''The Words of My Perfect Teacher'', ''Bodhicharyavatara'', and the Richö, Nang Jang, Neluk Rangjung, and other Dudjom Tersar teachings, to the people of Humla and those from the Ngari part of Tibet.Tulku Pema Rigtsal also holds Summer and Winter Dharma Teaching sessions every year for more than five hundred practitioners including monks, ngakpas (yogis) and nuns residing in Humla and Ngari, Tibet. Hundreds of hermits are practising in caves and solitary locations in Humla, Nepal and Ngari, Tibet under his instruction and guidance.Among his writings, there are::a commentary on the Calling The Lama From Afar of Dudjom Rinpoche:a biography of the Degyal Rinpoche (the first).:his first book in Tibetan, entitled “Semkyi Sangwa Ngontu Phyungwa” (translated and published in English as [[The Great Secret of Mind]]).cret of Mind]]).)
Urgyen, Tulku + (Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche (Tib. སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ཨོ་ར … Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche (Tib. སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་, Wyl. ''sprul sku o rgyan rin po che'') (1920–1996) was one of the greatest teachers of Dzogchen and Mahamudra in recent times, whose lineage is now continued by his sons, including Chökyi Nyima Rinpoche, Tsikey Chokling Rinpoche, Tsoknyi Rinpoche and Mingyur Rinpoche.Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche was born in Nangchen, in the province of Kham, eastern Tibet, in 1920. He began meditation practice at the early age of four, when he attended the teachings his father, Chime Dorje, would give to his many students. Already at four he had what is called a recognition of the nature of mind. Later he studied with his uncle Samten Gyatso, his root master, as well as with many other lamas of both Kagyü and Nyingma schools of Tibetan Buddhism. Among the lineage masters from whom he drew his inspiration were Milarepa and Longchen Rabjam—on merely hearing their names, tears would come to his eyes.In his youth he practised intensively, and stayed in retreat for a total of twenty years. He had four sons, each of whom is now an important Buddhist master in his own right: Chökyi Nyima Rinpoche, Tsikey Chokling Rinpoche, Tsoknyi Rinpoche and Mingyur Rinpoche.When he left Tibet he went to Sikkim and then settled in Nepal at Nagi Gompa Hermitage, in the mountains above the Kathmandu valley. He was the first lama to spread the Tibetan Buddhist teachings to Malaysia. In 1980 Tulku Urgyen went on a world tour encompassing Germany, Belgium, France, Switzerland, Denmark, Holland, Great Britain, the USA, Hong Kong and Singapore. In his later years, however, he did not travel much and his many students, both Eastern and Western, would go to Nepal to visit him.Tulku Urgyen accomplished a great deal in his life. He constructed and restored many temples, and established six monasteries and retreat centres in the Kathmandu region. He had over three hundred monks and nuns under his guidance. In particular he built a monastery and three-year retreat centre at the site of the sacred cave of Asura, the site of Padmasambhava’s famous retreat. He also re-established some traditional annual prayer gatherings in exile.In his childhood he had been recognized by the Fifteenth Karmapa Khakhyap Dorje, as the reincarnation of the master Chöwang Tulku, and he was also an emanation of Nupchen Sangye Yeshe, one of the twenty-five main disciples of Padmasambhava. He was the lineage holder of many teaching transmissions, especially that of the terma teachings of his great grandfather Chokgyur Lingpa. He transmitted the Dzogchen Desum teachings to such masters as Sixteenth Karmapa, Dudjom Rinpoche, and Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche as well as thousands of other disciples. Tulku Urgyen was especially close to the Karmapa—one of his root teachers—and to Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, with both of whom there was a powerful bond of mutual respect.Tulku Urgyen is the author of several books in English, including ''Repeating the Words of the Buddha'' and ''Rainbow Painting''. He also supervised many English translations of Tibetan texts and teachings carried out by his Western students, and gave the name Rangjung Yeshe to the publishing imprint established to make these and other Dharma works available in the West.He was famed for his profound meditative realization and for the concise, lucid and humorous style with which he imparted the essence of the teachings. Using few words, he would point out the nature of mind, revealing a natural simplicity and wakefulness that enables the student to actually touch the heart of the Buddha’s wisdom mind. In this method of instruction, he was unmatched.Tulku Urgyen passed away peacefully on 13th February 1996 (the 24th day of the 12th month of the Wood Pig year), at Nagi Gompa. At that time the sky overhead was clear and completely cloudless for two days, which is traditionally seen as a sign that a highly realized master is passing on.The ''yangsi'' of Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, named Urgyen Jigme Rabsel Dawa, was born in 2001. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Tulku_Urgyen_Rinpoche Rigpa Wiki])p?title=Tulku_Urgyen_Rinpoche Rigpa Wiki]))
Tarthang Tulku + (Twenty-Four Years of Traditional Training … Twenty-Four Years of Traditional Training in TibetDharma Publishing was founded by Tarthang Rinpoche, commonly known as Tarthang Tulku. Rinpoche was born in in the mountains of Golok in the far northeast of Tibet as the son of Sogpo Tulku, Pema Gawey Dorje (b 1894), a highly respected physician and holder of the Nyingma Vidyadhara lineage. Before Rinpoche was two years old, he was recognized and given the name Kunga Gellek by the Sutrayana and Mantrayana master Tragyelung Tsultrim Dargye (b. 1866), who made predictions about Rinpoche’s future mission as a servant of the Dharma, and instructed his parents in the special treatment of young tulkus.Rinpoche’s training began at a very early age, and his first teachers were his father and private tutors. After the age of nine, he resided at Tarthang Monastery where he was initiated into the teachings of the Palyul tradition by Tarthang Choktrul and given instruction in Mahayana view, meditation, and conduct by various expert khenpos. At the age of fifteen in the iron tiger year of 1950, Rinpoche departed from Tarthang Monastery to travel to the major monasteries of Kham in eastern Tibet. There he received blessings, teachings, and initiations from the greatest masters of the 20th century: Jamyang Khyentse Chokyi Lodro, Zhechen Kongtrul, Adzom Gyelsey, Bodpa Tulku, and others, altogether thirty-one teachers. For the next ten years, until the age of 24, Rinpoche was given intensive training in the three Inner Yogas of Maha, Anu, and Ati.Nine Years of Retreat, Research, and Publishing in IndiaIn 1958 Rinpoche departed from his homeland, traveling through Bhutan into Sikkim following in the footsteps of his root guru, Khyentse Chokyi Lodro. The next several years were devoted to pilgrimage and retreat at holy places in India. In 1963 he was appointed by Dudjom Rinpoche as the representative of the Nyingma tradition and given the position of research fellow at Sanskrit University in Benares. In that same year, he set up one of the first Tibetan printing presses in exile and began his life’s work of preserving sacred art and texts. After six years at Sanskrit University and some twenty publications, Rinpoche decided that this was not enough, and departed for America to bring Dharma to the West.Forty-three Years of Dharma Work in the WestArriving in America in late 1968, Rinpoche chose California as his headquarters, and established the Tibetan Nyingma Meditation Center in early 1969. One of the first learned Tibetan exiles to take up residence in the West, he has lived continuously in America for over forty years. With the full support and blessings of Dudjom Rinpoche and Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, Tarthang Tulku began in the 1970s to unfold a vision of wisdom in action that would eventually encompass over twenty different organizations and make a significant impact on the transmission of Dharma to the West and the restoration of Dharma in Asia.([http://dharmapublishing.com/about/our-founder/ Source Accessed August 26, 2015])founder/ Source Accessed August 26, 2015]))
Doboom Tulku + (Venerable Doboom Lozang Tenzin Tulku (rDo- … Venerable Doboom Lozang Tenzin Tulku (rDo-bum Blo-bzang bstan-’dzin sPrul-ku), also known simply as Doboom Tulku, was born in 1942 in Shayul (Sha-yul) in Kham (Khams), eastern Tibet. At the age of two or three, he was recognized by Lama Phurchog Jamgon Rinpoche (Bla-ma Phur-lcog ’Jam-mgon Rin-po-che) to be the reincarnation of the previous Doboom Tulku. Following this, he was taken to stay at a hermitage near Dargye Monastery (Dar-rgyas dGon), where he stayed until the age of twelve.In 1953, Doboom Tulku entered Drepung Monastery (Bras-spungs dGon-pa) in Tibet, where he studied Buddhist philosophy until the Chinese invasion of Tibet in 1959 forced him into exile in India at the age of seventeen. For the following decade, Doboom Tulku resided at the lama camp at Buxa Duar, in West Bengal, enduring harsh conditions until he joined the Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies at Sarnath in 1969. Continuing with his studies in Sarnath, he obtained a Geshe Acharya degree in 1972.After obtaining his degree, he worked as a librarian at Tibet House in New Delhi, until he joined the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives in Dharamsala as a librarian and research assistant in 1973. By 1981, having gained more experience, he returned to Tibet House New Delhi to serve as Director, with the mission of promoting Tibetan cultural heritage through Tibet House’s diverse range of programs. Doboom Tulku served as Director of Tibet House for 30 years.Doboom Tulku has also worked with His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s Private Office and has accompanied His Holiness the Dalai Lama on multiple visits abroad, from trips to the USA, USSR, Japan, and Mongolia. He has published widely, on topics ranging from Tibetan medicine to Buddhist meditation and the Chittamatra Mind-Only School of philosophy. He also has a personal interest in the effects of music for spiritual practice and worked hard at setting up the World Festival of Sacred Music, which became a global event. He passed on 28 January, 2024 in Drepung Loseling Monastery in south India. ([https://studybuddhism.com/en/tibetan-buddhism/spiritual-teachers/l-t-doboom-tulku Source Accessed Dec 6, 2023])doboom-tulku Source Accessed Dec 6, 2023]))
Lamrimpa, Gen + (Venerable Jampel Tenzin, known to his West … Venerable Jampel Tenzin, known to his Western students as Gen Lamrimpa, passed as glorious as he lived. A lifetime meditator, he unified his words and his actions. Humility to the nth degree, kindness and love consistently given to all those whom he came in contact, and a wisdom that clearly recognized reality were his trademarks. His smile lit up the sky and made one feel inner joy and contentment.Gen Lamrimpa lived most of his adult life in Dharamsala, Northern India. Initially, in the early 1970's, he lived for several years moving from cave to cave at the top of the mountains above Dharamsala. Often without food, meditating in a foggy and often wet place under a large rock overhang, he never feared. Food always seemed to appear when he really needed it. Many times self- rationed flour was about to finish, or was finished for one or two days, and almost like magic, or a gift from the buddhas, more flour, and maybe tea, or if very fortunate a little butter and tsampa (roasted barley flour) would arrive. These years of physical hardship, he told me later, were the best years for meditation; even though he claimed not to know much at that time.Later he moved to a mud and stone one-room retreat hut where several other retreatants lived and practiced above the Tibetan Children's Village (TCV) near Trijang Rinpoche's Stupa. There he stayed nearly 18 years. Until 1990 he had no electricity, nor water. Water had to be fetched from afar, by carrying 40-50 lbs. of water up and down steep slopes often through snow or mud. Using candle and daggum (thick woolen Tibetan cape used for warmth during winter meditation), he meditated from 5 a.m. until 1 a.m. There were no week-ends or holidays off. There were breaks for preparing and eating food, gathering wood and fetching water, and occasionally teaching students who came by after lunch. After one of my regular weekly afternoon-evening visits to receive teachings, with a full stomach of Genia's simple, yet delicious food, Genia told me to be careful of snakes. I told him there were no snakes here in the Himalayan foothills at 6000 feet elevation. He was silent, and handed me a torch (flashlight). Off I went with torch in hand. Soon crossing the path in front of me was a snake, (not a rope), the only one I saw in my many years in Dharamsala.Last October 30th, about 4:30 a.m. I felt he was calling me. As I went into his room, he opened his eyes, and asked me to help sit him up and give him some water. Along with the water I gave him chin.lap (blessed substances). After three deep breaths, he stopped his gross breathing. Sitting behind him on his meditation seat, I held his back straight for several hours, then secured him using a mediation belt lying nearby. For five days his body remained fresh, and his mind remained in meditation in the state of clear light unified with emptiness―a remarkable, extraordinary achievement. Those of us who knew him were not surprised. He passed as he lived: clear, profound, and spacious.Source: Ven. Tenzin Choerabt from the Winter, 2004 issue of the Snow Lion Newsletter.r, 2004 issue of the Snow Lion Newsletter.)
Kunga, T. + (Venerable Thubten Kunga grew up bi-cultura … Venerable Thubten Kunga grew up bi-culturally as the daughter of a Filipino immigrant in Alexandria, Virginia, just outside Washington, DC.She received a BA in Sociology from the University of Virginia and an MA from George Mason University in Public Administration before working for the U.S. State Department’s Bureau of Refugees, Population, and Migration for seven years. She also worked in a psychologist’s office and a community-building non-profit organization.Venerable Kunga met Buddhism in college during an anthropology course and knew it was the path she had been looking for, but did not begin seriously practicing until 2014. She was affiliated with the Insight Meditation Community of Washington and the Guyhasamaja FPMT center in Fairfax, VA.Realizing that the peace of mind experienced in meditation was the true happiness she was looking for, she traveled to Nepal in 2016 to teach English and took refuge at Kopan Monastery.Shortly thereafter she attended the Exploring Monastic Life retreat at the Abbey and felt she had found a new home, returning a few months later to stay as a long-term guest, followed by anagarika (trainee) ordination in July 2017 and novice ordination in May 2019. ([https://sravastiabbey.org/community-member/venerable-thubten-kunga/ Source Accessed May 17, 2023])bten-kunga/ Source Accessed May 17, 2023]))
Scott, V. + (Victoria R. M. Scott has an M.A. in Buddhi … Victoria R. M. Scott has an M.A. in Buddhist Studies from Yale University. She has freelance edited since 1984, with an emphasis on the history, religion, art, and literature of Tibet, China, Japan, and Korea; she also edits for scholars whose work delves into the history of Europe, Africa, and other parts of the world.A longtime student of Her Eminence Jetsun Kusho and His Holiness the 41st Sakya Trizin, Victoria has edited all the Sapan Fund’s books to date (see Publications). She has also edited volumes published by the Library of Tibetan Classics, Dechen Ling Press, and Awakening Vajra Publications, as well as by Brill, Harvard, Stanford, and other academic presses. She edited ''Hermit of Go Cliffs'' (Wisdom, 2000), by Cyrus Stearns, and assisted with the publication of ''A Saint in Seattle: The Life of the Tibetan Mystic Dezhung Rinpoche'' (Wisdom, 2003), by David P. Jackson. ([https://www.sapanfund.org/pages/about.php Source Accessed Aug 8, 2023])es/about.php Source Accessed Aug 8, 2023]))
Magee, W. + (William Magee received a Ph.D. in History … William Magee received a Ph.D. in History of Religions from the University of Virginia in 1998.Magee was the author of several books and articles including ''The Nature of Things: Emptiness and Essence in the Geluk World'', and is co-author of ''Fluent Tibetan: A Proficiency-Oriented Learning System''. He was an Associate Professor at Dharma Drum Buddhist College in Jinshan, Taiwan. He is currently teaching at Maitripa College in Portland, Oregon.Magee served as Vice-President of the UMA Institute for Tibetan Studies. ([https://uma-tibet.org/author-magee.html Source Accessed April 1, 2020])'''OBITUARY FROM 22 FEBRUARY, 2023''' (by Paul Hackett on H-Buddhism):It is with great sadness that I must inform you that William Magee passed away at his home in Portland (OR) last night, peacefully, and in the company of his friends and family.Known as “Bill” to his friends and colleagues alike, Bill Magee began his studies of the Tibetan language and Buddhist philosophy in the mid-1980s with the ven. Geshe Jampel Thardo, for whom he subsequently served as translator. Shortly afterward, Bill entered the Ph.D. program of studies in Tibetan Buddhism at the University of Virginia under Jeffrey Hopkins, where he obtained his Ph.D. in 1998, writing his dissertation on the subject of “nature” (svabhāva / prakṛti) in the thought of Nāgārjuna, Candrakīrti, and Tsong-kha-pa. Over the years, Bill taught at the Namgyal Institute in Ithaca, New York, at Dharma Drum Buddhist College in Jinshan, Taiwan, and at Maitripa College in Portland, Oregon. He is perhaps most well-known, however, for teaching the Summer Tibetan Language Intensive courses at the University of Virginia from 1988 to 2000, during which time he taught the fundamentals of the Tibetan language to hundreds of students, many of whom would go on to pursue advanced studies in the field.Bill was renown for jovial disposition and his kindness and generosity toward others, routinely opening his home to students and monks alike, and with his wife, Rabia, generously cared for, fed, and housed any and all who appeared at their door.Even after retiring from teaching the summer language intensives at UVa, throughout the years that followed, Bill’s passion for the Tibetan language remained, and during the COVID pandemic, Bill used his personal funds to revive the Dharma Farm institute (thedharmafarm.net) and began offering free classes online in Tibetan language and Buddhist philosophy.Bill continued to translate and publish research on Buddhist philosophy, authoring several works on the thought of Jamyang Shepa (1648-1721), and publishing them freely online under the auspices of Jeffrey Hopkins’s UMA Institute (uma-tibet.org).Bill is survived by his wife (Rabia), his son (Tristan), and his daughter (Meri). He was 72 years old. his daughter (Meri). He was 72 years old.)
De Bary, W. + (William Theodore de Bary (Chinese: 狄培理; pi … William Theodore de Bary (Chinese: 狄培理; pinyin: Dí Péilǐ; August 9, 1919 – July 14, 2017) was an American Sinologist and scholar of East Asian philosophy who was a professor and administrator at Columbia University for nearly 70 years.De Bary graduated from Columbia College in 1941, where he was a student in the first year of Columbia's famed Literature Humanities course. He then briefly took up graduate studies at Harvard University before leaving to serve in American military intelligence in the Pacific Theatre of World War Two. Upon his return, he resumed his studies at Columbia, where he completed his Ph.D. in 1953.In order to create text books for the non-Western version of the Columbia humanities course, he drew together teams of scholars to translate original source material, ''Sources of Chinese Tradition'' (1960), ''Sources of Japanese Tradition'', and ''Sources of Indian Tradition''. His extensive publications made the case for the universality of Asian values and a tradition of democratic values in Confucianism. He is recognized as training the graduate students and mentoring the scholars who created the field of Neo-Confucian studies. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wm._Theodore_de_Bary Source Accessed July 18, 2023])re_de_Bary Source Accessed July 18, 2023]))
O'Hearn, P. + (Yeshe Gyamtso completed two three-year ret … Yeshe Gyamtso completed two three-year retreats in the 1980s at Kagyu Thubten Chöling in Wappingers Falls, NY. Since then he has taught, interpreted for several Tibetan Buddhist teachers, translated a number of biographies of Buddhist historical figures, and written two books on Buddhist practice. Recent translations include Luminous Clarity (2016), Shower of Blessings (2015), and Siddhas of Ga (2013). (Source: 2017 Translation & Transmission Conference)017 Translation & Transmission Conference))
Ye shes mtsho rgyal + (Yeshe Tsogyal was the principal consort of … Yeshe Tsogyal was the principal consort of Guru Padmasambhava. She was Vajravarahi in human form and also an emanation of Tara and Buddhalochana.She was born as a princess in the clan of Kharchen. According to some accounts her father was called Namkha Yeshe and her mother was Gewa Bum. In other histories, such as the Zanglingma and the biography revealed by Taksham Nüden Dorje, her father is named as Kharchen Palgyi Wangchuk, who is otherwise said to have been her brother. Yet another version names her father as Tökar Lek and her mother as Gyalmo Tso.She became the consort of King Trisong Detsen before being offered to Guru Rinpoche as a mandala offering during an empowerment. She specialized in the practice of Vajrakilaya and experienced visions of the deity and gained accomplishment. In Nepal, she paid a ransom for Acharya Salé and took him as her spiritual consort. Through the power of her unfailing memory, she collected all the teachings given by Guru Rinpoche in Tibet and concealed them as terma. At the end of her life, it is said, she flew through the air and went directly to Zangdokpalri. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Yeshe_Tsogyal Rigpa Wiki])index.php?title=Yeshe_Tsogyal Rigpa Wiki]))
Larson, Z. + (Zach Larson is a practitioner in the Longc … Zach Larson is a practitioner in the Longchen Nyingthig lineage of the Nyingma School, who works as a translator, editor and author. He was born in 1978 in Wisconsin and received a BA in "Buddhism and Politics" at UW-Madison in 2001 after a year-long study-abroad program in Kathmandu, Nepal in which he met his first teacher, Changling Tulku Rinpoche of Shechen Monastery, with whom he studied the Longchen Nyinthig preliminaries for six months. While working on the research project "Nonviolence in Tibetan Culture: A glimpse at how Tibetans view and practice nonviolence in politics and daily life," he met and received profound blessings from Chatral Sangye Dorje Rinpoche and offered to compile and translate teachings by him in the coming years. Chatral Rinpoche approved of the idea, and Larson returned to Wisconsin to study Tibetan language and Buddhism for three years at the UW-Madison Graduate School. He returned to Nepal in 2004 and compiled, edited, and translated Chatral Rinpoche's biography and teachings into the book ''Compassionate Action: The Teachings of Chatral Rinpoche'', which was published by Shechen Publications in New Delhi in 2005.Larson attended the full Nyingma Kama Wang with Trulshik Rinpoche in the winter of 2004 in Boudha and received the Kunsang Lama'i Shelung empowerment from Tsetrul Rinpoche in January 2005.Snow Lion Publications released an expanded and updated version of ''Compassionate Action'' in 2007. The book has since been translated into Spanish (2009), Indonesian (2009), and Russian (2010). ([https://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/Zachary_Larson Source Accessed Nov 21, 2023])hary_Larson Source Accessed Nov 21, 2023]))
Zaya Pandita + (Zaya Pandita or Namkhaijamts (1599–1662) w … Zaya Pandita or Namkhaijamts (1599–1662) was a Buddhist missionary priest and scholar of Oirat origin who is the most prominent Oirat Buddhist scholar. Among his accomplishments is the invention of the Clear Script.Zaya Pandita was the fifth son of Babakhan, a minor Khoshut prince. After Babakhan converted to Tibetan Buddhism in the early 17th century, he, like many other Oirat princes, wished for one of his sons to enter the Buddhist clergy. In pursuit of his wish, Babakhan chose Zaya to become a śrāmaṇera ("novice monk"). In 1615, Zaya journeyed to Lhasa where he would study and practice Buddhism, including study under the guidance of the Lobsang Chökyi Gyaltsen, 4th Panchen Lama.In 1638, Zaya Pandita left Tibet at the direction of the Panchen Lama to conduct missionary work among the Mongols. One year later in 1640, he assisted Erdeni Batur, Khun Taiyishi of the Choros (Oirats) tribe, in assembling a pan-Mongol conference between the Oirat and the Khalkha Mongols. The purpose of the conference was to encourage the formation of a united Mongolian front against potential external enemies, such as the Kazakhs, Manchus, and Russians and to settle all internal matters peacefully. The conference produced a code, which provided protection from foreign aggression to both the Oirat and the Khalkha and guaranteed the free movement of people throughout Mongol land.When not engaged in diplomacy between the Oirat and the Khalkha, Zaya Pandita spread Tibetan Buddhism to the Oirats, the Khalkha and even the Kalmyk people in far away Russia. In furtherance of his missionary work, Zaya Pandita composed a new alphabet, based on the traditional Mongolian alphabet, called "Clear script" (''todo bichig'') to transcribe the Oirat language as it is pronounced. By doing so, Zaya Pandita eliminated the ambiguities of the traditional Mongolian alphabet.From the time Zaya Pandita developed the Clear Script in 1648 until his death in 1662, he translated approximately 186 Buddhist texts from Tibetan language to the Oirat language while still serving the religious needs of the Oirat tribes in Dzungaria.The todo bichig script is still used by Oirats in Xinjiang with slight revisions, and is taught alongside standard classical written Mongolian in that region. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaya_Pandita Source Accessed Oct 6, 2023])According to Fredrick Liland, "The Oirat scholar Zaya Pandita (1599-1662) according to his biography made a new translation of the BCA. Zaya Pandita was influential in spreading the Buddhist faith also among the Kalmyks, a Mongolian people who migrated to the shore of the Caspian Sea in the 17th Century. He is said to have translated a large number of texts into the Oirat/Kalmyk language, so it is quite likely that the BCA was among these. The translation of Zaya Pandita has however not been found. (Source: Liland, Fredrik. "Later Editions and Translations." In "The Transmission of the Bodhicaryāvatāra: The History, Diffusion, and Influence of a Mahāyāna Buddhist Text," 49–58. MA thesis, University of Oslo, 2009.)–58. MA thesis, University of Oslo, 2009.))
Goddard, V. + (Zuisei is a writer and lay Zen teacher bas … Zuisei is a writer and lay Zen teacher based in Playa del Carmen in the south of Mexico. Zuisei lived and trained full time at Zen Mountain Monastery from 1995 to 2018, and was a monk for fourteen of those years. In 2018 she received ''shiho'' or dharma transmission (empowerment to teach) from Geoffrey Shugen Arnold Roshi, and after a short stint in New York City, moved back to Mexico, where she is originally from, and began teaching virtually.She has served as the Teachings Editor at the Buddhist journal ''Tricycle'', and her dharma writing has been featured there as well as in ''Lion's Roar'', ''Buddhadharma'', and ''Parabola''. Her books include ''Still Running: The Art of Meditation in Motion'' and the children's book ''Weather Any Storm''. As Ocean Mind Sangha's Guiding Teacher, Zuisei continues to welcome students for group and private teaching. ([https://www.oceanmindsangha.org/zuisei-goddard Source Accessed April 25, 2024])i-goddard Source Accessed April 25, 2024]))
Patel, P. + ([Prabhubhai Bhikhabhai Patel] belonged to … [Prabhubhai Bhikhabhai Patel] belonged to a peasant family of Kunabi caste and was born at Sarpor-Pardi of the district of Surat in 1906. He had one sister and five brothers, he himself being the fourth. His father was Sri Bhikhabhai and mother Srimati Benabai. His education began at the village school of Satem andthence he was sent with his nephew Sri Govindaji Bhulabhai Patel, now a Homeopathic Physician atNavasari, to the Central Boarding School of Supa. It was a village middle school. After his reading up to Matriculation came the call of Mahatma Gandhi for triple boycott of schools and colleges, Government Law Courts and foreign cloths. This was in 1919. Having given up school he joined a National School at Surat and from that time till his death he used to put on ''khaddar'' [homespun cotton cloth of India].After two years in 1921 he went to the Gujarat Vidyapith, the National University founded by Mahatma Gandhi, and plunged deep in Congress ideology. There he came under the influence of such leaders and thinkers as Principal A. T. Gidwani, Acharya J. B. Kripalani, Kaka Kalelkar and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, andProf. Dharmananda Kausambi. The last-named teacher impressed upon him the glory of the ancient lore ofIndia.Prabhubhai then come to Visva-bharati, Santiniketan with some other students from that part of the country. Indeed, it was owing to his personal influence that at that time a good number of Gujarati students came to Santiniketan and joined the different departments of Visva-bharati. In due time Prabhubhai was admitted to the Yidya-bhavana, the Research Department of the institution of which I was then the Principal. I had there the good fortune of teaching students coming not only from the different parts of the country, but also from such distant lands as Japan and Germany.As a student Prabhubhai endeared himself to all his teachers and inmates of the Asrama including our revered Gurudeva, Rabindranath. He was very intelligent and promising. In the Vidya-bhavana he was one of those students who studied under my personal guidance and I felt fortunate and proud to have him as a pupil. His subject of study here was Buddhism with special reference to its Tibetan and Chinese sources.Here in Yisva-bharati he lived for more than seven years and made it almost his permanent home. Once again come the call from Mahatma Gandhi, and Prabhubhai left his studies for the time being in order to serve his motherland and courted arrest and was imprisoned. This proved too much for him, for after two years of jail life he came out a total wreck in health. His robust constitution broke down and he developed hemiplagia from a little strain in his spine. Best of India's doctors, physicians, surgeons and specialists in nature-cure could do no better than giving some temporary relief. He removed to the house of his nephew Dr. G. B. Patel, already referred to, at Navasari. He was now a complete invalid, crippled and confined to his wheel-chair and bed, but his mind was clear till the end which came on the 30th December, 1942. He was taken to his village home where he breathed his last after an agony of red sores and now lies buried in his family land. He remained unmarried after the divorce from his wife with whom he was married at a very tender age according to the social custom prevailing there at the time. (Vidhushekhara Bhattacharya, foreword to ''Cittavisuddhiprakarana of Aryadeva'', vi–vii)tavisuddhiprakarana of Aryadeva'', vi–vii))
Tshe mchog gling ye shes rgyal mtshan + ([https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A1%E … [https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%9B%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B You can read a short Tibetan biography on the Bo Wiki here]. First Tsechokling Yongdzin Tulku, Yeshe Gyeltsen (yongs 'dzin ye shes rgyal mtshan, 1713-1793) was an important scholar of the Geluk School of Tibetan Buddhism and was a tutor of the 8th Dalai Lama Jampel Gyatsho (1758-1804).He received his education in the monastery Trashilhünpo. In 1756 he founded the monastery Trashi Samtenling (bkra shis bsam gtan gling).One of his most famous works is The Necklace of Clear Understanding, An Elucidation of Mind and Mental Factors (Tib. སེམས་དང་སེམས་བྱུང་གི་ཚུལ་གསལ་པར་སྟོན་པ་བློ་གསལ་མགུལ་རྒྱན་, Wyl. sems dang sems-byung gi tshul gsal-par ston-pa blo gsal mgul rgyan). A commentary on the Abhidharma topic of the mind and mental factors. This Tibetan text has been translated into English by Herbert Guenther & Leslie S. Kawamura, in a text entitled Mind in Buddhist Psychology. ([https://encyclopediaofbuddhism.org/wiki/Yongdzin_Yeshe_Gyeltsen Source: Encyclopedia of Buddhism])Six printings of his collected works (each in 19 or 25 volumes, depending on the printing, and [[Yongs 'dzin ye shes rgyal mtshan gyi gsung 'bum|32 volumes in modern book print]]) are cataloged on [https://library.bdrc.io/show/bdr:WA1022 BDRC.org].ary.bdrc.io/show/bdr:WA1022 BDRC.org].)
Smith, G. + ([https://www.tbrc.org/#!footer/about/genes … [https://www.tbrc.org/#!footer/about/genesmith Founder of TBRC, now BDRC]*[https://84000.co/obituary-of-e-gene-smith/ Obituary on 84000]*[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/01/01/AR2011010102390.html Obituary in Washington Post]*[http://digitaldharma.com/home Documentary film about his life and work: Digital Dharma]''[https://www.tbrc.org/#!footer/about/genesmith Biography from BDRC]:'' E. Gene Smith (BDRC Founder and Senior Research Scholar) was born in Ogden, Utah in 1936. He studied at a variety of institutions of higher education in the United States: Adelphi College, Hobart College, University of Utah, and the University of Washington in Seattle.In 1959, the Rockefeller Foundation, seeing the opportunity to promote Tibetan studies, funded the establishment of nine centers of excellence worldwide, one of which was at the University of Washington.Under the auspices of the Rockefeller grant to the Far Eastern and Russian Institute, nine Tibetans were brought to Seattle for teaching and research, including the Ven. Deshung Rinpoche Kunga Tenpai Nyima, the tutor to the Sakya Phuntsho Phodrang. Smith had the good fortune to study Tibetan culture as well as Buddhism with Deshung Rinpoche and the rest of the Tibetan teachers in Seattle from 1960 to 1964. He lived with the Sakya family for five years. He spent the summer of 1962 travelling to the other Rockefeller centers in Europe to meet with the Tibetan savants there.In 1964 he completed his Ph.D. qualifying exams and travelled to Leiden for advanced studies in Sanskrit and Pali. In 1965 he went to India under a Foreign Area Fellowship Program (Ford Foundation) grant to study with living exponents of all of the Tibetan Buddhist and Bonpo traditions.He began his studies with Geshe Lobsang Lungtok (Ganden Changtse), Drukpa Thoosay Rinpoche and Khenpo Noryang, and H.H. Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche. He decided to remain in India to continue serious study of Tibetan Buddhism and culture. He travelled extensively in the borderlands of India and Nepal. In 1968 he joined the Library of Congress New Delhi Field Office. He then began a project which was to last over the next two and a half decades: the reprinting of the Tibetan books which had been brought by the exile community or were with members of the Tibetan-speaking communities in Sikkim, Bhutan, India, and Nepal.He became field director of the Library of Congress Field Office in India in 1980 and served there until 1985 when he was transferred to Indonesia. He stayed in Jakarta running the Southeast Asian programs until 1994 when he was assigned to the LC Middle Eastern Office in Cairo.In February 1997 he took early retirement from the U.S. Library of Congress to become a consultant to the Trace Foundation for the establishment of the Himalayan and Inner Asian Resources (HIAR) library.In December 1999 he and a group of friends established the Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center in Cambridge.He passed away on December 16, 2010. (Source Accessed on June 30, 2020), 2010. (Source Accessed on June 30, 2020))
Mkhan chen zla zer + (he was from Rahor, a branch of Dzogchen mo … he was from Rahor, a branch of Dzogchen monastery founded by the Third Dzogchen Rinpoche in Gyalrong near Dergé. He was a student of Pöpa Tulku. He escaped from Tibet together with his former classmate Rahor Khenpo Tupten and went together with him to Sikkim via Bhutan.He taught at Namdroling in South India, where he also compiled a collection of prayers and liturgies used in Nyingma rituals, and eventually returned to Tibet, where he taught at the Shri Singha Shedra at Dzogchen Monastery. ([https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Khenpo_Daw%C3%A9_%C3%96zer Source Accessed on January 24, 2024])'''Read more: ''':Marilyn Silverstone, 'Five Nyingmapa Lamas in Sikkim', Kailash: A Journal of Himalayan Studies, 1973, vol. 1.1:Nyoshul Khenpo, A Marvelous Garland of Rare Gems, Padma Publishing, 2005, p. 480'''Writings:'''*དོན་རྣམ་འགྲེལ་པ་ལུང་རིགས་དོ་ཤལ་, don rnam 'grel pa lung rigs do shal (Necklace of Scripture and Reasoning: A Commentary on Mipham Rinpoche's Sword of Wisdom for Thoroughly Ascertaining Reality, ཤེས་རབ་རལ་གྲི་དོན་རྣམ་ངེས) (composed in 1982): https://library.bdrc.io/show/bdr:MW1KG4451*ཆོས་སྤྱོད་བསྡུས་པ་ཕན་བདེའི་དགའ་སྟོན་, chos spyod bsdus pa phan bde'i dga' ston (editor)yod bsdus pa phan bde'i dga' ston (editor))
Śāntideva + (Śāntideva (late 7th to mid-8th century CE) … Śāntideva (late 7th to mid-8th century CE) was a Buddhist monk, philosopher, and poet whose reflections on the overall structure of Buddhist moral commitments reach a level of generality and theoretical power that is hard to find elsewhere in Indian thought. His writings were immensely influential in the development of the Tibetan religious tradition. Though Śāntideva repeatedly denied that he had said anything original, his two major works may nevertheless represent the single most significant contribution of the Buddhist tradition to the global enterprise of ethical theory. And some of Śāntideva’s poetic passages exhibit an emotional and rhetorical power that gives them a claim to be included among the greatest achievements of world literature. (Source: [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/shantideva/ The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]) The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]))

'gyur med tshe dbang bstan 'phel + (Gyurme Tsewang Tenpel was one of the four … Gyurme Tsewang Tenpel was one of the four sons of Chogyur Lingpa's daughter Könchok Paldrön. He was recognized as the rebirth of his mother's brother, Tsewang Drakpa, the oldest son of Chogyur Lingpa, and so he became known as Tersey Tulku, "the Emanation of the Treasure-revealer's Son." He was instrumental in the transmission of grandfather's Treasures to many of last generation of lineage holders, such as the late Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, who was his nephew, and Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche.s his nephew, and Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche.)

A paM gter ston chos dbyings rdo rje + ('''Apang Terchen Orgyen Trinlé Lingpa (189 … '''Apang Terchen Orgyen Trinlé Lingpa (1895-1945)'''Choktrul Lozang Tendzin of Trehor studied with the lord Kunga Palden and the Chömaster Dharma Seng-gé, and Apang Terchen in turn studied with Lozang Tendzin.Apang Terchen, also known as Orgyen Trinlé Lingpa, was renowned as the rebirth ofRigdzin Gödem. He was reputed to have been conceived in the following way: TraktungDudjom Lingpa focused his enlightened intent while resting in the basic spaceof timeless awareness, whereupon Apang Terchen's mother experienced an intensesurge of delight. This caused all ordinary concepts based on confusion to be arrestedin her mind for a short time, and it was then that Apang Terchen was conceived in herwomb.2 From that moment on, his mother constantly had dreams that were amazingomens. For example, she found herself among groups of dakinis enjoying the splendorof ganachakras, or being bathed by many dakas and dakinis, or dwelling in pavilionsof light, illuminating the entire world with her radiance.The child was born one morning at dawn, in the area of Serta in eastern Tibet, hismother having experienced no discomfort. Her dwelling was filled with [2.188a] andsurrounded by light, as though the sun were shining brightly. There were also pavilionsof light, and a fragrance pervaded the entire area, although no one could tellwhere it came from. Everyone saw numerous amazing signs on the child's body, suchas a tuft of vulture feathers adorning the crown of his head.3 The mother's brother,Sönam Dorjé, asked, "What will become of this boy who has no father? How shamefulit would be if people saw these feathers!"4 But although he cut the feather tuftoff the child's head several times, it grew back on its own, just as before. This upsetSönam Dorjé even more, and he berated his sister angrily, saying on numerous occasions,"How could your child have no father? You must tell me who he is!" Hissister retorted, "With the truth of karma as my witness, I swear I have never lain witha flesh-and-blood man of this world. This pregnancy might be a result of my ownkarma." She became so extremely depressed that her fellow villagers couldn't bear itand used various means to bring a halt to her brother's inappropriate behavior.From an early age, this great master, Apang Terchen, felt an innate and unshakablefaith in Guru Rinpoché and had a clear and natural knowledge [2.188b] of the ''vajra guru'' mantra and the Seven-Line Supplication. He learned how to read and writesimply upon being shown the letters and exhibited incredible signs of his spiritual potentialawakening. For example, his intelligence, which had been developed throughtraining in former lifetimes, was such that no one could compete with him. As hegrew up, he turned his attention toward seeking the quintessential meaning of life.He studied at the feet of many teachers and mentors, including the Nyingtik masterGyatsok Lama Damlo and Terchen Sogyal, studying many of the mainstream traditionsof the sutras and tantras, especially those of the kama and terma.The most extraordinary lord of his spiritual family was Trehor Drakar Tulku,5with whom he studied for a long time, receiving the complete range of empowerments,oral transmissions, and pith instructions of the secret Nyingtik cycles of utter lucidity.He went to solitary ravines throughout the region, making caves and overhangson cliffs his dwelling places, taking birds and wild animals as his companions, andrelying on the most ragged clothing and meager diet. He planted the victory bannerof spiritual practice, meditating for a long period of time. He was graced by visions ofan enormous array of his personal meditation deities, [2.189a] including Tara, Avalokiteshvara,Mañjushri, Sarasvati, and Amitayus. He was not content to leave thetrue nature of phenomena an object of intellectual speculation, and his realizationprogressed in leaps and bounds.Apang Terchen bound the eight classes of gods and demons — including such spiritsas Nyenchen Tanglha, Ma Pomra, and Sergyi Drong-ri Mukpo6 — to his service.He communicated directly with Tsiu Marpo, the white form of Mahakala, Ganapati,and other protective deities, like one person conversing with another, and enjoinedthem to carry out his enlightened activities. So great was his might that he also boundthese protective deities to his service, causing lightning to strike and so forth, so thatthose who had become his enemies were checked by very direct means, before years,months, or even days had passed.Notably, he beheld the great master of Orgyen in a vision and was blessed as theregent of Guru Padmakara's three secret aspects. On the basis of a prophecy he receivedat that time, Apang Terchen journeyed to amazing holy sites, such as DraklhaGönpo in Gyalrong, Khandro Bumdzong in the lowlands of eastern Tibet, and DorjéTreldzong in Drakar, where he revealed countless terma caches consisting of teachings,objects of wealth, and sacred substances. He revealed some of them in secret,others in the presence of large crowds. In these ways, he revealed a huge trove of profoundtermas. [2.189b] Those revealed publicly were brought forth in the presence ofmany fortunate people and in conjunction with truly incredible omens, which freedall present from the bonds of doubt and inspired unshakable faith in them. ApangTerchen's fame as an undisputed siddha and tertön resounded throughout the land, asthough powerful enough to cause the earth to quake. His terma teachings are foundin the numerous volumes of his collected works and include ''The Hidden Treasure of Enlightened Mind: The Thirteen Red Deities'', practices focusing on the Three Roots, cycles concerning guardian deities and the principle of enlightened activity, and his large instruction manual on Dzogchen teachings.Apang Terchen's students, from Dartsedo in the east, to Repkong in Amdo to thenorth, to the three regions of Golok and other areas, included mentors who nurturedthe teachings and beings, masters such as those known as the "four great illuminatorsof the teachings," the "four vajra ridgepoles,11 the "four named Gyatso," the "greatmasters, the paired sun and moon," and Jangchub Dorjé (the custodian of ApangTerchen's termas).7 He also taught important political figures who exerted greatinfluence over the people of their areas, including the "four great chieftains of theregion of Dza in the north," [2.190a] that is, Getsé Tsering Dorjé of Dza in the northernreaches of eastern Tibet, Gönlha of Akyong in Golok, Mewa Namlo of the Méregion of Golok, and the chieftain of Serta in Washul. Apang Terchen's students alsoincluded countless monks, nuns, villagers, and lay tantric practitioners. He transmittedhis own termas and the great Nyingtik cycles of the Dzogchen teachings, and sonumerous were those he guided that he truly embodied the enlightened activity ofone who held sway over the three realms. In these times of spiritual degeneration, healleviated problems caused by disease, famine, border wars, and civil unrest. In suchways, Apang Terchen rendered great service to the land of Tibet. His kindness to theTibetan people as a whole was truly extraordinary, for he worked to ensure a gloriousstate of peace and well-being.During a pilgrimage to Jowo Yizhin Norbu, the statue of the lord Shakyamuni inLhasa, Apang Terchen paid respect to many tens of thousands of ordained membersof the sangha, sponsoring ganachakras, making offerings, and offering meals, tea,and donations at such monastic centers as Sera, Drepung, and Ganden. He sponsoredthe gilding of statues in these centers and in such ways strove to reinforce his positivequalities. Everyone could see that no matter how many avenues he found to extendgenerosity, his resources of gold, silver, and other valuables [2.190b] continued toincrease, as though he had access to a treasure mine.Among his heart children and intimate students were his sons, Gyurmé Dorjé,Wangchen Nyima, and Dotrul Rinpoché; his daughter, Tare Lhamo; and the custodianof his termas, Jangchub Dorjé. Until recently, Tare Lhamo lived in eastern Tibet,maintaining the teachings.8Thus did Apang Terchen benefit beings with his incredible compassion and activities.As his life was nearing an end, he remarked, "For the sake of the teachings andof beings, I must enter the bloodline of the glorious Sakya school." This fearless lion'sroar proved to be his last testament, spoken with an unobscured awareness of past,present, and future. He then manifested incredible miracles and departed for thegreat palace of Pema Ö.Source: Richard Barron translation of Nyoshul Khenpo, A Marvelous Garland of Rare Gems: Biographies of Masters of Awareness in the Dzogchen Lineage, Padma Publications, 2005, pages 488-491., Padma Publications, 2005, pages 488-491.)
Decleer, H. + ('''In Memoriam: Hubert Decleer (1940–2021) … '''In Memoriam: Hubert Decleer (1940–2021)''':by Andrew QuintmanWith great sadness, we share news that our incomparable teacher, mentor, colleague, and friend Hubert Decleer passed away peacefully on Wednesday, August 25. He was at his home with his wife, the poet Nazneen Zafar, in Kathmandu, Nepal, near the Swayambhū Mahācaitya that had been his constant inspiration for nearly five decades. His health declined rapidly following a diagnosis of advanced-stage lung cancer in May, but he remained lucid and in high spirits and over the past weeks he was surrounded by family members and close friends. Through his final hours, he maintained his love of Himalayan scholarship and black coffee, and his deep and quiet commitment to Buddhist practice.Hubert’s contributions to the study of Tibetan and Himalayan traditions are expansive, covering the religious, literary, and cultural histories of Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, and India. For nearly thirty-five years he directed and advised the School for International Training’s program for Tibetan Studies, an undergraduate study-abroad program that has served as a starting point for scholars currently working in fields as diverse as Anthropology, Art History, Education, Conservation, History, Religious Studies, Philosophy, and Public Policy. The countless scholars he inspired are connected by the undercurrent of Hubert's indelible "light touch" and all the subtle and formative lessons he imparted as a mentor and friend.Hubert embodied a seemingly inexhaustible curiosity that spanned kaleidoscopic interests ranging from Chinese landscapes to Netherlandish still lifes, medieval Tibetan pilgrimage literature to French cinema, 1940s bebop to classical Hindustani vocal performance. With legendary hospitality, his home, informally dubbed “The Institute,” was an oasis for scholars, former students, artists, and musicians, who came to share a simple dinner of daal bhaat or a coffee on the terrace overlooking Swayambhū. The conversations that took place on that terrace often unearthed a text or image or reference that turned out to be the missing link in the visitor's current research project. When not discussing scholarship, Hubert inspired his friends to appreciate the intelligence and charm of animals—monkeys and crows especially—or to enjoy the marvels of a blossoming potted plum tree. His attentiveness to the world around him generated intense sensitivity and compassion. He was an accomplished painter and a captivating storyteller, ever ready with accounts of the artists’ scene in Europe or his numerous overland journeys to Asia. The stories from long ago flowed freely and very often revealed some important insight about the present moment, however discrete. Hubert François Kamiel Decleer was born on August 22, 1940, in Ostend, Belgium. In 1946, he spent three months in Switzerland with a group of sixty children whose parents served in the Résistance. He completed his Latin-Greek Humaniora at the Royal Atheneum in Ostend in 1958, when he was awarded the Jacques Kets National Prize for biology by the Royal Zoo Society of Antwerp. He developed a keen interest in the arts, and during this period he also held his first exhibition of oil paintings and gouaches. In 1959 he finished his B.A. in History and Dutch Literature at the Regent School in Ghent. Between 1960 and 1963 he taught Dutch and History at the Hotel and Technical School in Ostend, punctuated by a period of military service near Köln, Germany in 1961–62. The highlight of his military career was the founding of a musical group (for which he played drums) that entertained officers’ balls with covers of Ray Charles and other hits of the day. In 1963 Hubert made the first of his many trips to Asia, hitchhiking for thirteen months from Europe to India and through to Ceylon. Returning to Belgium in 1964, he then worked at the artists’ café La Chèvre Folle in Ostend, where he organized fortnightly exhibitions and occasional cultural events. For the following few years he worked fall and winter for a Belgian travel agency in Manchester and Liverpool, England, while spending summers as a tour guide in Italy, Central Europe, and Turkey. In 1967 he began working as a guide, lecturer, and interpreter for Penn Overland Tours, based in Hereford, England. In these roles he accompanied groups of British, American, Australian, and New Zealand tourists on luxury overland trips from London to Bombay, and later London to Calcutta—excursions that took two and a half months to complete. He made twenty-six overland journeys in the course of fourteen years, during which time he also organized and introduced local musical concerts in Turkey, Pakistan, India, and later Nepal. He likewise accompanied two month-long trips through Iran with specialized international groups as well as a number of overland trips through the USSR and Central Europe. In between his travels, Hubert wrote and presented radio scenarios for Belgian Radio and Television (including work on a prize-winning documentary on Nepal) and for the cultural program Woord. The experiences of hospitality and cultural translation that Hubert accumulated on his many journeys supported his work as a teacher and guide; he was always ready with a hint of how one might better navigate the awkward state of being a stranger in a new place. With the birth of his daughter Cascia in 1972, Hubert’s travels paused for several years as he took a position tutoring at the Royal Atheneum in Ostend. He also worked as an art critic with a coastal weekly and lectured with concert tours of Nepalese classical musicians, cārya dancers, and the musicologist and performer Michel Dumont.In 1975, during extended layovers between India journeys, Hubert began a two-year period of training in Buddhist Chinese at the University of Louvain with pioneering Indologist and scholar of Buddhist Studies Étienne Lamotte. He recalled being particularly moved by the Buddhist teachings on impermanence he encountered in his initial studies. He also worked as a bronze-caster apprentice and assistant to sculptor—and student of Lamotte—Roland Monteyne. He then resumed his overland journeying full time, leading trips from London to Kathmandu. These included annual three-month layovers in Nepal, where he began studying Tibetan and Sanskrit with local tutors. He was a participant in the first conference of the Seminar of Young Tibetologists held in Zürich in 1977. In 1980 he settled permanently in Kathmandu, where he continued his private studies for seven years. During this period he also taught French at the Alliance Française and briefly served as secretary to the Consul at the French Embassy in Kathmandu. It was during the mid 1980s that Hubert began teaching American college students as a lecturer and fieldwork consultant for the Nepal Studies program of the School for International Training (then known as the Experiment in International Living) based in Kathmandu. In 1987 he was tasked with organizing SIT’s inaugural Tibetan Studies program, which ran in the fall of that year. Hubert served as the program’s academic director, a position he would hold for more than a decade. Under his direction, the Tibetan Studies program famously became SIT’s most nomadic college semester abroad, regularly traveling through India, Nepal, Bhutan, as well as western, central, and eastern Tibet. It was also during this period that Hubert produced some of his most memorable writings in the form of academic primers, assignments, and examinations. In 1999 Hubert stepped down as academic director to become the program’s senior faculty advisor, a position he held until his death.Hubert taught and lectured across Europe and the United States in positions that included visiting lecturer at Middlebury College and Numata visiting faculty member at the University of Vienna. Hubert’s writing covers broad swaths of geographical and historical territory, although he paid particular attention to the Buddhist traditions of Tibet and Nepal. His research focused on the transmission history of the Vajrabhairava tantras, traditional narrative accounts of the Swayambhū Purāṇa, the sacred geography of the Kathmandu Valley (his 2017 lecture on this topic, “Ambrosia for the Ears of Snowlanders,” is recorded here), and the biographies of the eleventh-century Bengali monk Atiśa. His style of presenting lectures was rooted in his work as a musician and lover of music—he prepared meticulously to be sure his talks were rhythmic, precise, and yet had an element of the spontaneous. One of his preferred mediums was the long-form book review, which incorporated new scholarship and original translations with erudite critiques of subjects ranging from Buddhist philosophy to art history and Tibetan music. His final publication, a forthcoming essay on an episode contained in the correspondence of the seventeenth-century Jesuit António de Andrade (translated by Michael Sweet and Leonard Zwilling in 2017), uses close readings of Tibetan historical sources and paintings to complicate and contextualize Andrade’s account of his mission to Tibet. This exemplifies the spirit and method of his review essays, which demonstrate his deep admiration of published scholarship through a meticulous consideration of the work and its sources, often leading to new discoveries. In addition to Hubert’s published work, some of his most endearing and enduring writing has appeared informally, in the guise of photocopied packets intended for his students. Each new semester of the SIT Tibetan Studies program would traditionally begin with what is technically called “The Academic Director’s Introduction and Welcome Letter.” These documents would be mailed out to students several weeks prior to the program, and for most other programs they were intended to inform incoming participants of the basic travel itinerary, required readings, and how many pairs of socks to pack. The Tibetan Studies welcome letter began as a humble, one-page handwritten note, impeccably penned in Hubert’s unmistakable hand. Hubert’s welcome letters evolved over the years, and they eventually morphed into collections of three or four original essays covering all manner of subjects related to Tibetan Studies, initial hints at how to approach cultural field studies, new research, and experiential education, as well as anecdotes from the previous semester illustrating major triumphs and minor disasters. The welcome letters became increasingly elaborate and in later years regularly reached fifty pages or more in length. The welcome letter for fall 1991, for example, included chapters titled “Scholarly Fever” and “The Field and the Armchair, and not ‘Stage-Struck’ in either.” By spring 1997, the welcome letter included original pieces of scholarship and translation, with a chapter on “The Case of the Royal Testaments” that presented innovative readings of the Maṇi bka’ ’bum. Only one element was missing from the welcome letter, a lacuna corrected in that same text of spring 1997, as noted by its title: Tibetan Studies Tales: An Academic Directors’ Welcome Letter—With Many Footnotes.Hubert was adamant that even college students on a study-abroad program could undertake original and creative research, either for assignments in Dharamsala, in Kathmandu or the hilly regions of Nepal, or during independent-study projects themselves, which became the capstone of the semester. Expectations were high, sometimes seemingly impossibly high, but with just the right amount of background information and encouragement, the results were often triumphs. Hubert regularly spent the months between semesters, or during the summer, producing another kind of SIT literature: the “assignment text.” These nearly always included extensive original translations of Tibetan materials and often extended background essays as well. They would usually end with a series of questions that would serve as the basis for a team research project. For fall 1994 there was “Cultural Neo-Colonialism in the Himalayas: The Politics of Enforced Religious Conversion”; later there was the assignment on the famous translator Rwa Lotsāwa called “The Melodious Drumsound All-Pervading: The Life and Complete Liberation of Majestic Lord Rwa Lotsāwa, the Yogin-Translator of Rwa, Mighty Lord in Magic Intervention.” There were extended translations of traditional pilgrimage guides for the Kathmandu Valley, including texts by the Fourth Khamtrul and the Sixth Zhamar hierarchs, for assignments where teams of students would race around the valley rim looking for an elusive footprint in stone or a guesthouse long in ruins that marked the turnoff of an old pilgrim’s trail. For many students these assignments were the first foray into field work methods, and Hubert's careful guidance helped them approach collaborations with local experts ethically and with deep respect for diverse forms of knowledge. One semester there was a project titled “The Mystery of the IV Brother Images, ’Phags pa mched bzhi” focused on the famous set of statues in Tibet and Nepal and based on new Tibetan materials that had only just come to light. Another examined the “The Tibetan World ‘Translated’ in Western Comics.” Finally, there was a classic of the genre that examined the creative nonconformity of the Bhutanese mad yogin Drugpa Kunleg in light of the American iconoclast composer and musician Frank Zappa: “A Dose of Drugpa Kunleg for the post–1984 Era: Prolegomena to a Review Article of the Real Frank Zappa Book.”Frank Zappa was, indeed, another of Hubert’s inspirations and his aforementioned review included the following passage: “If there’s one thing I do admire in FZ, it is precisely these ‘highest standards’ and utmost professional thoroughness that does not allow for any sloppiness (in the name of artistic freedom or spontaneous freedom)…. At the same time, each concert is really different, [and]…appears as a completely spontaneous event.” Hubert’s life as a scholar, teacher, and mentor was a consummate illustration of this highest ideal. Hubert is survived by his wife Nazneen Zafar; his daughter Cascia Decleer, son-in-law Diarmuid Conaty, and grandsons Keanu and Kiran Conaty; his sister Annie Decleer and brother-in-law Patrick van Calenbergh; his brother Misjel Decleer and sister-in-law Martine Thomaere; his stepmother Agnès Decleer, and half-brother Luc Decleer. A traditional cremation ceremony at the Bijeśvarī Vajrayoginī temple near Swayambhū is planned for Friday.Benjamin Bogin, Andrew Quintman, and Dominique TownsendPortions of this biographical sketch draw on the introduction to [[Himalayan Passages]]: Newar and Tibetan Studies in Honor of Hubert Decleer (Wisdom Publications, 2014))
Sperling, E. + ('''Obituary: Elliot Sperling (1951-2017)'' … '''Obituary: Elliot Sperling (1951-2017)''' by Tenzin Dorjee. (''HIMALAYA''. Volume 37, Number 1, pp 149-150)Professor Elliot Sperling’s death was a colossal tragedy byevery measure. He was only 66 years old, and he exudedlife, health, and purpose—the antithesis of death. Afterretiring from a long professorship at Indiana Universityin 2015, where he was director of the Tibetan Studiesprogram at the department of Central Eurasian Studies,Sperling moved back to his native New York. He bought anapartment in Jackson Heights, where he converted everywall into meticulously arranged bookshelves—only thewindows were spared. He was clearly looking forward toa busy retirement, living in what was basically a librarypretending to be an apartment.Sperling was the world’s foremost authority on historicalSino-Tibetan relations. For his landmark work “on the political, religious, cultural, and economic relations betweenTibet and China from the fourteenth through seventeenthcenturies,” he was awarded a MacArthur genius grant atthe age of 33.1He accumulated a compact but enduring body of work that defined and shaped Tibetan studiesover the last three decades. No less important, he was alsoa phenomenal teacher, storyteller, entertainer, whiskey connoisseur (he delighted in teaching us how to enjoythe peaty Scotch whiskies), and a passionate advocate forTibetan and Uyghur causes.Through his seminal writings on Tibet’s relations withChina during the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, hebecame arguably the first historian to use both Chineselanguage archives and Tibetan language sources extensively, bringing to light the separation and independence thatcharacterized the relationship between the two nations.Until he came along, most Western academics viewedTibet through Chinese eyes, largely because they couldnot access Tibetan sources. Sperling, fluent in Tibetan aswell as Chinese, upended the old Sino-centric narrativeand transformed the field. Roberto Vitali, who organized afestschrift for Sperling in 2014, writes that Sperling’s work“will stay as milestones” in Tibetan studies.2 His writingshave become so central to the field that any scholar whowrites a paper about historical Sino-Tibetan relations cannot do so without paying homage to Sperling’s work. He is,so to speak, the Hegel of Sino-Tibetan history.One can imagine the joy many of us felt when ProfessorSperling chose to make his home in Jackson Heights, thesecond (if unofficial) capital of the exile Tibetan world—after Dharamsala, India. We saw him at demonstrations atthe Chinese consulate, art openings at Tibet House, poetrynights at Little Tibet restaurant, and sometimes at dinnerparties in the neighborhood. At every gathering, he heldcourt as the intellectual life of the party. His friends andstudents bombarded him with questions on topics rangingfrom art to politics to linguistics, for his erudition wasnot limited to history alone. Unfailingly generous andeloquent, he supplied the most intriguing, insightful andexhaustive answers to every question. Each conversationwith him was a scholarly seminar. Among the circle ofTibetan activists and artists living in New York City,Sperling quickly fell into a sort of second professorship, anunderground tenure without the trappings of university.We weren’t about to let him retire so easily.Some of Professor Sperling’s most influential early worksinclude: The 5th Karma-pa and Some Aspects of the RelationshipBetween Tibet and the Early Ming (1980); The 1413 MingEmbassy to Tsong-ka-pa and the Arrival of Byams-chen chos-rjeShakya ye-shes at the Ming Court (1982); Did the Early MingEmperors Attempt to Implement a ‘Divide and Rule’ Policy inTibet? (1983); and The Ho Clan of Ho-chou: A Tibetan Family inService to the Yuan and Ming Dynasties (1990) among others.One of my personal favorites in his corpus is The 5th Karmapa and Some Aspects of the Relationship Between Tibet and theEarly Ming. In this text, Sperling argues that in the earlyyears following the collapse of the Mongol Yuan dynasty in1367, the Ming rulers of China adopted a non-expansionistforeign policy, displaying greater interest in drawing clearboundaries to keep the ‘barbarians’ out of China thanin expanding its boundaries to encroach into non-Mingterritories. Ming China was initially conceived more asan inward-looking state than an outward-looking empire,partly in critique of the ruthless expansionism of theirpredecessors, the Mongol Yuan rulers. In fact, Sperlingquotes from the very proclamation carried by the firstmission that Ming Taitsu, or the Hongwu Emperor, sent toTibet::Formerly, the hu people [i.e. the Mongols] usurped:authority in China. For over a hundred years caps:and sandals were in reversed positions. Of all:hearts, which did not give rise to anger? In recent:years, the hu rulers lost hold of the government….:Your Tibetan state is located in the western lands.:China is now united, but I am afraid that you have:still not heard about this. Therefore this proclamation [is sent].3 Sperling goes on to write that this “first mission is acknowledged by Chinese records to have met with nosuccess,” and that necessitated the dispatching of a secondmission.4In ''Did the Early Ming Emperors Attempt to Implement a “Divide and Rule” Policy in Tibet?''5Sperling defies decades of conventional wisdom with a bold argument when he writes::The Chinese court was never, in fact, able to mount:a military expedition beyond the Sino-Tibetan:frontier regions. This fact becomes strikingly:obvious as one glances through both Tibetan and:Chinese sources for the period in question…. Unable:to protect its embassies or even to retaliate against:attacks on them, China was hardly in a position to:manifest the kind of power needed to implement a:policy of “divide and rule” in Tibet.For many Tibetans who care about seemingly inconsequential details of the murky Sino-Tibetan relations from the fourteenth to the seventeenth centuries, a historical period that has become a domain of highly charged information battles between Dharamsala and Beijing, Sperling’s writings are like a constellation of bright lamps illuminating the tangled web of Sino-Tibetan history. He excavated critical pieces of Tibet’s deep past from the forbidding archives of antiquity, arranged them in a coherent narrative, and virtually placed in our hands several centuries of our own history.Elliot Sperling’s academic stature would have allowedhim to be an ivory tower intellectual. Instead, he choseto be a true ally of the Tibetan people and an unwaveringchampion of Tibetan freedom. While he studied withTaktser Rinpoche, the Dalai Lama’s elder brother, hemaintained lifelong friendships with the people he metin Dharamsala: Tashi Tsering (the preeminent Tibetanhistorian), Jamyang Norbu (the rebel intellectual andaward-winning author), Peter Brown (the ‘AmericanKhampa’ and a brother in the Tibetan struggle). Sperlingjoined many of us in the trenches of activism, alwaysencouraging us to embark on bigger and bolder advocacycampaigns for Tibet. Speaking in his Bronx-accentedTibetan, he told us that if only Tibetans studied our historymore seriously, we would be able to believe that Tibet willbe free again.A sharp and fearless critic of Beijing, Sperling neitherminced his words nor censored his writings under fear ofbeing banned from China. Even when he taught in Beijingfor a semester, where he developed a close friendship withthe Tibetan poet Woeser, he successfully avoided the trapof self-censorship that has neutered so many scholars in our time.6While railing against Beijing’s atrocities in Tibet, he managed to be critical of Dharamsala’s excessively conciliatory stance toward Beijing.7His provocative critiques of the Tibetan leadership sometimes made us uncomfortable, but that was exactly the impact he was seeking as a teacher who cared deeply about Tibet: to awaken and educate us by pushing us into our discomfort zone. “Having a teacher like Sperling was a bit like having access to a genius, a father, and some sort of bodhi all in one,” says Sara Conrad, a doctoral student at Indiana University who studied with Sperling for many years. “A walking encyclopedia, I felt I could learn a lot just being near him—and he took every opportunity to teach me. I benefited learning from him about Tibet and Tibetan of course, but also about parenthood and morality, music and comedy. In terms of academia he told me I must be able to live with myself after I write, and therefore it is always best to be honest.”In recent years, Sperling took up the case of Ilham Tohti,the Uyghur intellectual sentenced to life imprisonmentby Beijing. He played a key role in raising Tohti’s profileas a prisoner of conscience, nominating him for humanrights awards. He took Tohti’s daughter, Jewher, underhis wing and oversaw her wellbeing and education. InJewher’s own words, Elliot Sperling became “like a secondfather” to her. His friendship with Ilahm Tohti and Jewherexemplified the compassion and generosity with which hetreated everyone. Sure, he made his mark in this world as ascholar, but his monumental intellect was matched by hisunbounded kindness, altruism, and humanity.“Professor Sperling was the moral compass of Tibetan studies,” said fellow historian Carole McGranahan at Sperling’s March 11 memorial in New York. His untimely deathhas left an abyss in our hearts and a chasm in the world of Tibetology. Christophe Besuchet, a fellow activist, remarked that it is “as if a whole library had burned down.”Even so, it is worth remembering that Sperling has already done far more than his fair share of good in the world, and he deserves a rest (or a break, if you consider it from a Buddhist perspective). In the course of 66 years, he lived multiple lifetimes—as a taxi driver, hippie, scholar, mentor, activist, father—each one more productive and meaningful than the last. He has engraved his spirit so deeply in the lives of so many of us that, in a way, he is still alive. And while one library has burned down, there are thousands of libraries where his words still live and breathe.''Endnotes'' 1. MacArthur Foundation, <https://www.macfound.org/fellows/236/> (accessed 6 March 2017).2. Roberto Vitali, “For Elliot from a Friend,” InternationalAssociation for Tibetan Studies. Also see Trails of the TibetanTradition: Papers for Elliot Sperling, edited by Roberto Vitali(Amnye Machen Institute: 2014).3. Elliot Sperling, “5th Karmapa and Some Aspects ofthe Relationship Between Tibet and the Early Ming,” inMichael Aris and Aung San Suu Kyi, eds., Tibetans Studiesin Honour of Hugh Richardson, Warminster, 1980 (publishedin translation as Shiboling, “Wushi Gamaba yiji Xizanghe Mingchu de guanxi yaolue,” in Guowai Zangxue yanjiuyiwenji, vol. 2, Lhasa, 1987), pp.279-289.4. Ibid.5. Elliot Sperling, “Divide and Rule Policy in Tibet,” inErnst Steinkellner, ed., Contributions on Tibetan Language,History and Culture. Proceedings of the Csoma de KorosSymposium Held at Velm-Vienna, Austria, 13-19 September1981, Vienna, 1983, pp.339-356.6. See Tsering Woeser, “A Chronicle of Elliot Sperling,”in Trails of the Tibetan Tradition: Papers for Elliot Sperling,Roberto Vitali eds., (published by Amnye Machen Institute,2014).7. He has criticized the Dalai Lama’s ‘Middle WayApproach’ to dealing with China as too conciliatory. Seehis article Self-Delusion, <http://info-buddhism.com/SelfDelusion_Middle-Way-Approach_Dalai-Lama_Exile_CTA_Sperling.html#f1>.'''Tenzin Dorjee''' is a writer, activist, and a researcher at TibetAction Institute. His monograph The Tibetan NonviolentStruggle: A Strategic and Historical Analysis was publishedin 2015 by the International Center on Nonviolent Conflict.His writings have been published in various forums includingGlobal Post, Courier International, Tibetan Review, TibetTimes, and the CNN blog. He is a regular commentatoron Tibet-related issues for Radio Free Asia, Voice ofAmerica, and Voice of Tibet. He served as the ExecutiveDirector of Students for a Free Tibet from 2009 to 2013.An earlier version of this obituary was published in theHuffington Post <https://www.huffpost.com/entry/remembering-elliot-sperling-personal-reflections-on_b_5899c990e4b0985224db59cb>.t-sperling-personal-reflections-on_b_5899c990e4b0985224db59cb>.)
Akester, M. + ('''SIT BIO: Matthew Akester, Lecturer and … '''SIT BIO: Matthew Akester, Lecturer and Faculty Advisor''' Matthew is a translator of classical and modern literary Tibetan with 25 years of fieldwork experience as an independent researcher throughout the Tibetan world. His discipline is history, both religious and political history, which corresponds with the program’s double specialization. Matthew's special interests include the history of Lhasa, the life and times of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, historical geography of central Tibet, and history and memoir in occupied Tibet. His published book-length translations include [[The Life of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo]] by Jamgon Kongtrul ([[Shechen Publications]] 2012); [[Memories of Life in Lhasa Under Chinese Rule]] by Tubten Khetsun ([[Columbia University Press]] 2008, Penguin India 2009); and [[The Temples of Lhasa]] (with [[Andre Alexander]], [[Serindia Publications]] 2005). In addition, he has worked as active consultant and contributor for the Tibet Information Network, Human Rights Watch, Tibet Heritage Fund, and [[Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center]]; as translator, editor, and advisor for countless publications on Tibet in English, French, and Tibetan; and as lecturer on contemporary Tibet for student programs including SIT in Nepal and India. ([http://www.sit.edu/studyabroad/faculty_npt.cfm SOURCE])www.sit.edu/studyabroad/faculty_npt.cfm SOURCE]))
Sarvajñamitra + (''Sarvajñamitra'' was a famous Buddhist mo … ''Sarvajñamitra'' was a famous Buddhist monk of Kashmir, described by ''Kalhaṇa'' as one 'who set himself as another ''Jina'' (''Buddha'')'. He lived in a monastery, called ''Kayyavihāra'', founded by ''Kayya'', the king of ''Lāta'' owing allegiance to king ''Lalitāditya'' of Kashmir (701–738 A.D.)[31]. Thus, ''Sarvajñamitra'' would appear to have lived in the later half of the 8th century. He was a worshipper of ''Tārā'' and was known for his generousness. ''Tārānātha'' gives the following biographical account of ''Sarvajñamitra'':He was an extra-(marital) son of a king of Kashmir (probably the contemporary of king ''Lalitāditya'' or his predecessor). When still a baby he was carried away by a vulture when his mother had left him on the terrace, herself having gone to pluck flowers. The baby was taken to a peek of Mount ''Gandhola'' in Nalanda. There he was received by some ''Pandits'' under whose protection he grew-up and became a monk well-versed in the ''Piṭakas''. He propitiated the goddess ''Tārā'' by whose favour he received enormous wealth which he distributed among the needy. At last when he had nothing left to donate he left towards the South fearing that he would have to send the suppliants back without giving alms to them which would be against his wishes. On his journey to the South he met an old blind ''brāhmaṇa'' led by his son. He was going to Nalanda to implore aid from ''Sarvajñāmitra'', about whose generosity he had heard a lot.''Sarvajñāmitra'' told him that he was the same person but had exhausted all his wealth. Hearing this the ''brāhmaṇa'' heaved an afflictive sigh with which ''Sarvajñāmitra'' felt boundless compassion for him and decided to get money for him anyhow. While searching for money he found a king named ''Saraṇa'' who was passionately attached to false views. This king wanted to purchase 108 men for offering them to sacrificial fire. He had already procured 107 men and was in search of one more. ''Sarvajñāmitra'' sold himself for the gold equal to the weight of his body. He gave this gold to the ''brāhmaṇa'' who returned happy.''Sarvajñāmitra'' was put in the royal prison. The other prisoners were overpowered by grief seeing that the number was complete and their death was quire [quite?] near. When fire was kindled, they started wailing. Again. the great ''Ācārya'' felt boundless compassion and he earnestly prayed to the goddess ''Tārā''. The goddess flowed a stream of nectar over the fire and people could see rains coming down only on the fire. When the fire was extinguished the place turned to be a lake. Seeing this wonderful event, the king was filled with admiration for the ''Ācārya''. The prisoners were released with rewards.The ''Ācārya'' after the lapse of a long time, wished to be at his birth place. So he prayed to the goddess. He was asked to catch hold of the corner of her clothes and shut the eyes. When he re-opened his eyes he found himself in a beautiful land in front of a magnificent palace. He could not recognise this place and asked the goddess why she had not taken him to Nalanda. She told him that this was his real birth place. He stayed in Kahemir [Kashmir?] and founded a big temple of goddess ''Tārā''. ''Tārānātha'' further states that he was a disciple of ''Süryagupta'' or ''Ravigupta''[32]. The same tradition is found with minor variations in the commentary on the ''Sragdharāstotra'' by ''Jinarakṣita''[33].''Sragdharāstotra'' is a hymn containing 37 verses which ''Sarvajñamitra'' wrote in praise of goddess ''Tārā''. '' 'Sragdharā' '' is an epithet of ''Tārā'' which means 'wearer of the wreath' or 'the garland bringer' and it is also the name of the metre in which the hymn was written. ''Bstan—'gyur'' contains three translations of the text. The hymn, with its commentary and two Tibetan versions, is edited by S. C. Vidyabhusana in ''Bibliotheca'' series, 1908.Besides '' 'Sragdharāstotra' '' other texts attributed to ''Sarvajñamitra'' are all in praise of goddess ''Tārā'', viz., 1. ''Devītarākuvākyādhyesana nāma stotra'' 2. ''Āryatārāsādhanā'', and 3. ''Aṣṭabhayatrānatārosādhanā''[34]. (Kaul, ''Buddhist Savants of Kashmir'', 19–21)ādhanā''[34]. (Kaul, ''Buddhist Savants of Kashmir'', 19–21))
Yin Shun + ((Master) Yin Shun (印順導師, Yìnshùn Dǎoshī) ( … (Master) Yin Shun (印順導師, Yìnshùn Dǎoshī) (5 April 1906 – 4 June 2005) was a well-known Buddhist monk and scholar in the tradition of Chinese Mahāyāna Buddhism. Though he was particularly trained in the Three Treatise school, he was an advocate of the One Vehicle (or Ekayāna) as the ultimate and universal perspective of Buddhahood for all, and as such included all schools of Buddha Dharma, including the Five Vehicles and the Three Vehicles, within the meaning of the Mahāyāna as the One Vehicle. Yin Shun's research helped bring forth the ideal of "Humanistic" (human-realm) Buddhism, a leading mainstream Buddhist philosophy studied and upheld by many practitioners. His work also regenerated the interests in the long-ignored Āgamas among Chinese Buddhist society and his ideas are echoed by Theravadin teacher Bhikkhu Bodhi. As a contemporary master, he was most popularly known as the mentor of Cheng Yen (Pinyin: Zhengyan), the founder of Tzu-Chi Buddhist Foundation, as well as the teacher to several other prominent monastics. Although Master Yin Shun is closely associated with the Tzu-Chi Foundation, he has had a decisive influence on others of the new generation of Buddhist monks such as Sheng-yen of Dharma Drum Mountain and Hsing Yun of Fo Guang Shan, who are active in humanitarian aid, social work, environmentalism and academic research as well. He is considered to be one of the most influential figures of Taiwanese Buddhism, having influenced many of the leading Buddhist figures in modern Taiwan. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin_Shun Source Accessed July 10, 2020])ed July 10, 2020]))
Gzhon nu rgyal mchog + (1. (from kong sprul gsan yig @ v. 1, f. 16 … 1. (from kong sprul gsan yig @ v. 1, f. 16v)important master in the bka' ma transmission lineage of the rgyud bzhi.2. important bka' gdams/sa skya master in lineage of the blo sbyong teachings; he was involved with his student sems dpa' chen po dkon mchog rgyal mtshan in the compilation of the blo sbyong brgya rtsa. ([https://library.bdrc.io/show/bdr:P1943 Source Accessed June 12, 2022])/bdr:P1943 Source Accessed June 12, 2022]))
Fynn, C. + (===Active Projects=== *Working as a consul … ===Active Projects===*Working as a consultant for the [http://www.dzongkha.gov.bt/ Dzongkha Development Commission]*[http://www.thlib.org/ Tibetan & Himalayan Library - Sections on Tibetan Script]*[http://sites.google.com/site/chrisfynn2/tibetanscriptfonts/jomolhari Jomolhari Font]*[https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/free-tibetan/ Free Tibetan Fonts Project]===Some Previous Projects===*Worked as a consultant for the National Library of Bhutan*Bhutan National Digital Library*Oversaw the text input for a new edition of Padma Lingpa's zab gter chos mdzod for HE Gangteng Tulku's Padmasambhava Project.:([https://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/Christopher_Fynn Source: Chris Fynn, RyWiki Entry])===Other Links===*[http://sites.google.com/site/chrisfynn2/home/tibetanscriptfonts Tibetan script info]*[http://sites.google.com/site/chrisfynn2/ Web site]*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Cfynn Chris Fynn] at Wikimedia Commonski/User:Cfynn Chris Fynn] at Wikimedia Commons)
Vajrācārya, D. + (A Newar Pandit, Divyavajra was born in the … A Newar Pandit, Divyavajra was born in the family of a very well known Vajrāchārya family of Nila Vajra and Bal Kumari in Māhābaudha, Kathmandu, Nepal on ''Jestha 24th Astami'', 1976 Vikram Sambat (1919AD).He tied up his married life with Miss Keshari, the daughter of Meer Subba Heera Man Vajrachrāya at the age of nine. They had four sons and five daughters.Pandit Divyavajra's life consists of two phases: the first half dedicated to the traditional, herbal and naturalopathic (Ayurvedic) medicine and the second half to the preservation of Nepalese Buddhist philosophy and literature. Towards the end of first half period of his life (around the year 2013 VS/ 1956AD) he suffered from diabetes and tuberculosis. That forced him to stay away from his traditional profession of naturopathic treatment which he had started by establishing the Piyusvarshi Aushadhālaya (Medical Center) in Māhābaudha Tole, Kathmandu, Nepal in the year 2001 VS(1944AD). This change in his life had inspired him to study the Buddha's philosophy and to take a teaching job. In addition, he also taught the Pāli language to several Newar Buddhist monks.Until the year 2010 (1953), he was very active in teaching naturalopathy by visiting villages such as Thaiba, Baregāũ etc in the valley, and opened the health related Ayurvedic traditional schools. Besides this, in 2017 VS(1960), he also coordinated the opening of the first National Museum in Kathmandu and in the same year, organized a health and vocational exhibition.From the very beginning of his adulthood, his eyesight was very weak, however he was bold and possessed a sharp memory. He never gave up studying Buddhist texts. By the year 2036 (1979) he had recited the whole text of ''Avidharma'', and collected, translated and explained the Sanskrit Buddhist texts such as ''Bodhi Charyāvatār'', ''Langkāvatār'', and so on to the public. He became an advisory member to several Buddhist organizations and became the president of the Dharmodaya Sabha, the National Buddhist Association in Kathmandu, Nepal.([http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/jns/pdf/JNS_03.pdf Source Accessed Mar 15, 2021])/JNS_03.pdf Source Accessed Mar 15, 2021]))
Amtzis, J. + (A long term student of the Dharma, Judith … A long term student of the Dharma, Judith met both Holiness Pema Norbu Rinpoche and Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche in 1976, and has lived in Asia since then, primarily in Kathmandu, Nepal. On the request of Holiness Penor Rinpoche, she collaborated with Khenpo Sonam Tsewang of Namdroling Monastery in Mysore to translate the Liberation Story of Namcho Migyur Dorje, the terton who discovered the treasures that make up the core of the Palyul tradition. This biography is entitled ''The All-Pervading Melodious Sound of Thunder'', and was written by the first Karma Chagme Rinpoche. ([http://levekunst.com/team_member/judith-amtzis/ Adapted from Source July 20, 2022])mtzis/ Adapted from Source July 20, 2022]))
Helm, A. + (A long–term student of Chogyam Trungpa Rin … A long–term student of Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche, Ann joined the Nalanda Translation Committee in 1986. She studied Tibetan at Naropa University, mainly with Dzigar Kongtrul, and she taught Tibetan and Foundations of Buddhism at Naropa from 1991-2004. After 30 years in Boulder, Ann lived as a retreatant for eight years at Padma Samye Ling, the monastery in upstate New York of Khenchen Palden Sherab and Khenpo Tsewang Dongyal. From 1997 to 2014, she translated primarily with Ringu Tulku and for Dharma Samudra, the Khenpo Brothers’ publication group. In 2014 Ann moved to Portland, Oregon, where she continues her Buddhist practice and study under the guidance of Yongey Mingyur Rinpoche. ([http://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/Ann_Helm Source Accessed Sept 9, 2020])hp/Ann_Helm Source Accessed Sept 9, 2020]))
LaFleur, W. + (A native of Patterson, New Jersey, LaFleur … A native of Patterson, New Jersey, LaFleur received his BA from Calvin College in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He earned two master’s degrees, one in comparative literature from the University of Michigan and another in the history of religions from the University of Chicago. He also completed his doctoral work at the University of Chicago, where he studied with Joseph Kitagawa and Mircea Eliade. After completing his PhD in 1973, LaFleur taught at Princeton University; University of California, Los Angeles; Sophia University, Tokyo; and University of Pennsylvania, where he was the E. Dale Saunders Professor of Japanese Studies. LaFleur was a groundbreaking figure in the interdisciplinary study of Buddhism and culture in Japan and trained two generations of graduate students in these fields. His seminal work ''The Karma of Words: Buddhism and the Literary Arts in Medieval Japan'' (University of California Press, 1986) broke away from a traditional focus on specific Buddhist figures and lineages and instead approached Buddhism as the “cognitive map” by which medieval Japanese of all Buddhist schools and social levels made sense of their world. He also uncovered an intimate relation between the Japanese Buddhist episteme and medieval literary arts. The innovative studies now emerging from a generation of younger scholars working at the intersections of Buddhism and literature owe much to LaFleur’s influence.A scholar of far-reaching interests and expertise, LaFleur refused to be confined by any single research area, historical period, or method of approach. In addition to his work on Buddhist cosmology and the “mind” of medieval Japan, he was a gifted translator and interpreter of poetry and published two volumes on the medieval monk-poet Saigyō. He was deeply interested in Zen, especially as a resource for contemporary thought. He wrote and edited several books and essays, introducing to Western readers the work of the thirteenth century Zen master Dōgen, the Kyoto-school figure Masao Abé, and the twentieth century philosopher and cultural historian Watsuji Tetsurō. In 1989, he became the first non-Japanese to win the Watsuji Tetsurō Cultural Prize.LaFleur’s ''Liquid Life: Abortion and Buddhism in Japan'' (Princeton University Press, 1994) expanded his earlier attention to Buddhist notions of the body and catalyzed his growing interest in comparative public philosophy and social ethics. In his later career, while continuing to study medieval Japanese religion and literature, he produced pioneering studies of Japanese bioethics, highlighting contrasts with Western approaches to such issues as abortion, organ transplants, and medical definitions of death. Altogether, he wrote or edited nine books. He left several other projects still in progress; some of which will be published posthumously. ([http://rsnonline.org/index7696.html?option=com_content Source Accessed Jan 16, 2020])com_content Source Accessed Jan 16, 2020]))
Chodron, T. + (A native of the U.S., Ven. Chodron, whose … A native of the U.S., Ven. Chodron, whose Chinese Dharma name is De Lin, is particularly qualified to teach Western monastics. She trained in Asia for many years, receiving novice ordination from Kyabje Ling Rinpoche in 1977 and full ordination in Taiwan in 1986. Her teachers include His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Tsenzhab Serkong Rinpoche, Lama Zopa Rinpoche, and Lama Thubten Yeshe and many others.In addition to founding Sravasti Abbey, Ven. Chodron is a well-known author and teacher. She has published many books on Buddhist philosophy and meditation, including four volumes (so far) in The Library of Wisdom and Compassion, co-authored with His Holiness the Dalai Lama, with whom she has studied for nearly forty years. Find info on the first four volumes in the series here: Volume 1, ''Approaching the Buddhist Path''; Volume 2, ''The Foundation of Buddhist Practice''; Volume 3, ''Samsara, Nirvana, & Buddha Nature'', and Volume 4, ''Following in the Buddha’s Footsteps''.Ven. Chodron teaches worldwide and is known for her practical (and humorous!) explanations of how to apply Buddhist teachings in daily life. She was resident teacher at Amitabha Buddhist Centre in Singapore and Dharma Friendship Foundation in Seattle. Ven. Chodron is also actively involved in prison outreach and interfaith dialogue. ([https://sravastiabbey.org/community-member/thubten-chodron/ Source Accessed Nov 1, 2021])thubten-chodron/ Source Accessed Nov 1, 2021]))
Bodhiruci + (A renowned Indian translator and monk (to … A renowned Indian translator and monk (to be distinguished from a subsequent Bodhiruci [s.v.] who was active in China two centuries later during the Tang dynasty). Bodhiruci left north India for Luoyang, the Northern Wei capital, in 508. He is said to have been well versed in the Tripiṭaka and talented at incantations. Bodhiruci stayed at the monastery of Yongningsi in Luoyang from 508 to 512 and with the help of Buddhaśānta (d.u.) and others translated over thirty Mahāyāna sūtras and treatises, most of which reflect the latest developments in Indian Mahāyāna, and especially Yogācāra. His translations include the ''Dharmasaṃgīti'', ''Shidijing lun'', ''Laṅkāvatārasūtra'', ''Vajracchedikāprajñāpāramitāsūtra'', and the ''Wuliangshou jing youpotishe yuansheng ji'', attributed to Vasubandhu. Bodhiruci’s translation of the ''Shidijing lun'', otherwise known more simply as the ''Di lun'', fostered the formation of a group of Yogācāra specialists in China that later historians retroactively call the Di lun zong. According to a story in the ''Lidai fabao ji'', a jealous Bodhiruci, assisted by a monk from Shaolinsi on Songshan named Guangtong (also known as Huiguang, 468–537), is said to have attempted on numerous occasions to poison the founder of the Chan school, Bodhidharma, and eventually succeeded. Bodhiruci is also said to have played an instrumental role in converting the Chinese monk Tanluan from Daoist longevity practices to the pure land teachings of the ''Guan Wuliangshou jing''. (Source: "Bodhiruci." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 133. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Ware, J. + (A specialist in the study of pre-Tang Budd … A specialist in the study of pre-Tang Buddhism and Daoism, James Ware was the first student to receive a Ph.D. at Harvard in the field of Chinese studies. He completed his dissertation in 1932, on the representation of Buddhism in the historical chronicle of the Wei dynasty known as the Weishu. He then taught courses in the Chinese language and Chinese history at Harvard, and was, together with Serge Elisséeff, one of the founding faculty members of the Department of Far Eastern Languages. In this capacity, he supervised the Chinese language program for much of the 1930s and 40s.Much of the material for Ware’s early studies was drawn from the Weishu. He wrote on problems relating to the Toba rulers of the Wei, the history of Buddhism and Daoism in the Northern Dynasties, and the textual history of the ''Fanwang jing'' and other scriptures from the Buddhist canon. In the same years, he also published selected translations from several Buddhist sutras. He worked together with Serge Eliseeff to establish the ''Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies'' in 1936, and contributed numerous articles and book reviews to the journal over the course of the next decade. He also developed a series of Chinese language textbooks and wrote on aspects of modern Chinese linguistics.In the latter years of his career, Ware turned his attention his attention to translating, primarily for a non-specialist audience. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, he published selections from the Analects, Zhuangzi, and Mencius. His final significant work was a complete translation of Ge Hong’s fourth century ''Baopuzi'' (1967). ([https://ealc.fas.harvard.edu/james-ware Source Accessed July 28, 2021])james-ware Source Accessed July 28, 2021]))
Bower, E. + (Acharya Emily Bower started meditating and … Acharya Emily Bower started meditating and studying with the Shambhala community in 1987 in Berkeley, California. She went on to live on staff at Karme Chöling for three years, and then moved to Boston, Massachusetts to work as a book editor specializing in Buddhism, yoga, and other spiritual traditions.She worked for Shambhala Publications for a total of ten years. She is fortunate to have been able to work on books with many spiritual teachers, including Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche.She lives and works now in Los Angeles as a book editor and publishing consultant, and is a co-founder of Dharma Spring, a curated online Buddhist bookshop, launching in 2017. She is an editor for 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, an international non-profit initiative to translate all of the Buddha’s words into modern languages and to make them available to everyone, free of charge.In her service as a senior teacher in the Shambhala community, she leads both extended retreats and weekend programs. She especially enjoys presenting on themes that bring practical application to our wisdom traditions. ([https://shambhalaonline.org/acharya-emily-bower/ Source Accessed Mar 18, 2022])mily-bower/ Source Accessed Mar 18, 2022]))
Gyaltsen, Tenpa + (Acharya Lama Tenpa Gyaltsen is core facult … Acharya Lama Tenpa Gyaltsen is core faculty at Nitartha Institute and recently retired from [https://www.naropa.edu/faculty/acharya-gyaltsen.php Naropa University].Lama Tenpa Gyaltsen was born in Trakar, Nepal, near the Tibetan border. He completed 10 years of traditional scholastic training at [http://www.rumtek.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=400&Itemid=612&lang=en Karma Shri Nalanda Institute] at Rumtek Monastery, Sikkim, India, graduating as acharya with honours (graduated in the same class as [[Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche]]). This was followed by traditional yogic training in the first three-year retreat to be conducted at Jamgon Kongtrul Rinpoche's monastery in Pullahari, Nepal. Following the advice of [[Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche]], Lama Tenpa taught at various Kagyu centers in Europe (Teksum Tashi Choling in Hamburg, Germany), at Nitartha, and centers in Canada. In 2004 he moved to Boulder, CO and began teaching at Naropa University. He retired from Naropa in 2020. Learn more about Lama Tenpa Gyaltsen on the [https://nitarthainstitute.org/about/nitartha-faculty/ Nitartha faculty page] and at [https://nalandabodhi.org/teacher/acharya-lama-tenpa-gyaltsen/ Nalandabodhi].hi.org/teacher/acharya-lama-tenpa-gyaltsen/ Nalandabodhi].)
Pearcey, A. + (Adam S. Pearcey is the founder-director of … Adam S. Pearcey is the founder-director of Lotsāwa House, a virtual library of translations from Tibetan. His publications include (as co-translator) Mind in Comfort and Ease by His Holiness the Dalai Lama (Wisdom Publications, 2007); Ga Rabjampa’s ''To Dispel the Misery of the World'' (Wisdom Publications, 2012), which he translated at the suggestion of the late Khenchen Appey Rinpoche; and ''Beyond the Ordinary Mind: Dzogchen Advice from Rimé Masters'' (Snow Lion, 2018). A partial list of the many translations he has published online can be found [https://adamspearcey.com/translations/ here].Adam first encountered Tibetan Buddhism in 1994 when he taught English at two monasteries near Darjeeling in India. He went on to study at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) in London; the Rangjung Yeshe Institute in Kathmandu, where he also taught Tibetan and served as an interpreter; the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives in Dharamsala; Oxford University, where he earned a Master’s degree in Oriental Studies; and again at SOAS, where he completed his PhD with a thesis entitled ''A Greater Perfection? Scholasticism, Comparativism and Issues of Sectarian Identity in Early 20th Century Writings on rDzogs-chen''.In 2018 he was a senior teaching fellow at SOAS, lecturing on Buddhist philosophy and critical approaches to Buddhist Studies. ([https://adamspearcey.com/ Source Accessed Feb 10, 2020])earcey.com/ Source Accessed Feb 10, 2020]))
Krug, A. + (Adam’s dissertation, "The Seven Siddhi Tex … Adam’s dissertation, "The Seven Siddhi Texts: The Oḍiyāna Mahāmudrā Lineage in its Indic and Tibetan Contexts," focuses on an early corpus of Vajrayāna Buddhist texts that came to be known in Nepal and Tibet as part of a larger canon of Indian works on ‘the great seal’ or ''mahāmudrā''. In addition to providing text-critical historical analyses of these works, his dissertation focuses on larger issues such as a revaluation of demonology as an analytic paradigm for critical historical research in South Asian religions, inter-sectarian dynamics in the formulation of the Vajrayāna, and practical canonicity and curriculum in tantric Buddhist textual communities. His recently published work is titled "Pakpa’s Verses on Governance in ''Advice to Prince Jibik Temür: A Jewel Rosary''," published in a special issue of ''Cahiers d’Extrême-Asie'' on Kingship, Ritual, and Narrative in Tibet and the Surrounding Cultural Area by The French Institute of Asian Studies (École française d’Extrême-Orient). He has received two U.S. State Department research grants through the Fulbright-Nehru Student Research Fellowship program and the Council of American Overseas Research Centers, and is currently a lecturer in Religious Studies at the University of Colorado, Boulder. ([https://www.religion.ucsb.edu/people/student/adam-krug/ Source Accessed June18, 2021])/adam-krug/ Source Accessed June18, 2021]))
Ary, E. + (Adjunct Professor chez ESSEC Business Scho … Adjunct Professor chez ESSEC Business School. Geshe Khunawa, recognized by the 14th Dalai Lama; Discovered by Geshe Pema Gyaltsen. Elijah Sacvan Ary was born in Vancouver, Canada. In 1979, at age seven, he was recognized as the reincarnation, or tulku, of a Tibetan scholar and spent his teenage years as a monk at Sera Monastery in South India. He went on to study at the University of Quebec in Montreal and the National Institute for Eastern Languages and Civilizations (Inalco) in Paris, and he earned his PhD in the Study of Religion from Harvard University. His writings have appeared in the books Little Buddhas: Children and Childhoods in Buddhist Texts and Traditions, Oxford Bibliographies Online: Buddhism, Contemporary Visions in Tibetan Studies, and Blue Jean Buddha: Voices of Young Buddhists. He lives in Paris with his wife and teaches Buddhism and Tibetan religious history at several institutions. [http://www.wisdompubs.org/author/elijah-s-ary Source Accessed Jun 12, 2015]elijah-s-ary Source Accessed Jun 12, 2015])
A 'dzoms rgyal sras rig 'dzin 'gyur me rdo rje + (Adzom Gyalse Gyurme Dorje (Tib. ཨ་འཛོམ་རྒྱ … Adzom Gyalse Gyurme Dorje (Tib. ཨ་འཛོམ་རྒྱལ་སྲས་འགྱུར་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་, Wyl. a 'dzom rgyal sras 'gyur med rdo rje) aka Agyur Rinpoche (Wyl. a 'gyur rin po che) (1895-1969) — the third son and student of Adzom Drukpa. He was recognized by Jamgön Kongtrul as an emanation of Orgyen Terdak Lingpa.Adzom Gyalse Gyurme Dorje was the third son and student of Adzom Drukpa Drodul Pawo Dorje. His mother was Tashi Lhamo (Tib. bkra shis lha mo), the daughter of a popular merchant named Budo (Tib. bum dos), who became Adzom Drukpa’s spiritual wife at the recommendation of Jamgön Kongtrul. While regarded as the incarnation of several eminent master, Adzom Gyalse was recognised as the incarnation of Minling Terchen Gyurme Dorje. Adzom Drukpa oversaw the spiritual education of Adzom Gyalse and transmitted to him especially his own terma treasures and the teachings of the Great Perfection such as the Longchen Nyingtik and the Chetsün Nyingtik. These in turn became also the main focus of Adzom Gyalse’s study and practice. Thus Adzom Gyalse rose to become of the main holders of the lineage and transmission of the Great Perfection teachings.Adzom Gyalse took over the legacy of his father and became responsible for, the by his father in 1886 established, Adzom Gar (Tib. A ’dzom gar).[2] Unlike his father, Adzom Gyalse took monastic ordination and remained a monk throughout his entire life. He further developed and expanded Adzom Gar and became its main teacher and holder. While Adzom Gyalse had the potential to become a great tertön he decided to focused instead on the preservation and continuation of existing practices and teachings.In 1958, Adzom Gyalse was arrested and put in prison where he gave teachings to his fellow inmates. He passed away in 1969 with many miraculous signs, and left a letter predicting the date and place of his future rebirth and the names of his future parents. In accordance with this letter, Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche recognised a child born in Bhutan in 1980 as the reincarnation of Adzom Gyalse Gyurme Dorje. This child became a monk at Shechen Monastery and received numerous teachings and initiations from Khyentse Rinpoche. ([https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Adzom_Gyalse_Gyurme_Dorje Source Accessed Sep 30, 2022])yurme_Dorje Source Accessed Sep 30, 2022]))
Sodargye, Khenpo + (After being ordained at Larung Gar Serthar … After being ordained at Larung Gar Serthar Buddhist Institute in 1985, Khenpo Sodargye relied on Kyabje Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok Rinpoche as his root guru.After intensive study of the five principle treatises on Madhyamaka, Prajnaparamita, Abhidharma, Vinaya, and Buddhist logic, Khenpo received direct transmissions of tantric teachings such as the Dzogchen, Kalachakra, and the Web of Magical Illusion from Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok Rinpoche and gained unshakable faith in the Omniscient Longchenpa and Mipham Rinpoche. Through his practice, he obtained supreme realization of these teachings.After engaging in classic Tibetan Buddhist debate and undergoing oral and written examination, he obtained his khenpo degree. Khenpo Sodargye was then placed in charge of the institute by Kyabje Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok Rinpoche and became Kyabje’s chief translator for Chinese disciples.’s chief translator for Chinese disciples.)
Sattizahn, E. + (After meeting Suzuki Roshi in 1970, Rinso … After meeting Suzuki Roshi in 1970, Rinso Ed Sattizahn lived at Tassajara from 1973 to 1977. He spent the next five years at City Center, serving as Zen Center's Vice President and President. From 1983 to 2000 Ed held various executive positions in the microcomputer software industry and developed familiarity with how the world works. In 2003, he served as Shuso (Head Student) at Green Gulch Farm, and in the same year co-founded Vimala Sangha in Mill Valley with Lew Richmond. Vimala Sangha is named after Vimalakirti, the famous householder disciple of the Buddha, and is dedicated to the practice of householder Zen in the tradition of Suzuki Roshi. Ed received Lay Entrustment in 2005, was ordained as a Zen priest in 2010, and received Dharma Transmission in 2012, all from Lew Richmond. Ed previously served on the Zen Center Board for six years (2006-2011) and as board chair for three years (2009-2011). In March 2014, Ed became Abiding Abbot at City Center, and in March 2019 stepped into the role of Central Abbot. He remains the guiding teacher at Vimala Sangha Mill Valley. ([https://www.sfzc.org/teachers/rinso-ed-sattizahn Source Accessed August 13, 2020])attizahn Source Accessed August 13, 2020]))
Cole, A. + (Alan Cole is the author of a number of boo … Alan Cole is the author of a number of books in the field of Religious/Buddhist Studies, including ''Mothers and Sons in Chinese Buddhism'' (Stanford University Press 1998), ''Text as Father: Paternal Seductions in Early Mahayana Buddhist Literature'' (University of California Press 2005), ''Fathering Your Father: The Zen of Fabrication in Tang Buddhism'' (University of California Press 2009), ''Fetishizing Tradition: Desire and Reinvention in Buddhist and Christian Narratives'' (SUNY Press, 2015), and, most recently, ''Patriarchs on Paper: A Critical History of Medieval Chan Literature'' (University of California Press, 2016). He was Professor of Religious Studies at Lewis & Clark College from 2006–2012 and Visiting Professor of Philosophy at National University of Singapore from 2013–2014. ([https://independent.academia.edu/ColeAlan/CurriculumVitae Source Accessed Jul 21, 2020])CurriculumVitae Source Accessed Jul 21, 2020]))
Berzin, A. + (Alexander Berzin (born 1944) grew up in Ne … Alexander Berzin (born 1944) grew up in New Jersey, USA. He began his study of Buddhism in 1962 at Rutgers and then Princeton Universities, and received his PhD in 1972 from Harvard University jointly between the Departments of Sanskrit and Indian Studies and Far Eastern Languages (Chinese). Inspired by the process through which Buddhism was transmitted from one Asian civilization to another and how it was translated and adopted, his focus has been, ever since, on bridging traditional Buddhist and modern Western cultures.Dr. Berzin was resident in India for 29 years, first as a Fulbright Scholar and then with the Translation Bureau, which he helped to found, at the Library of Tibetan Works & Archives in Dharamsala. While in India, he furthered his studies with masters from all four Tibetan Buddhist traditions; however, his main teachers have been His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Tsenzhab Serkong Rinpoche, and Geshe Ngawang Dhargyey. Practicing under their supervision, he completed the major meditation retreats of the Gelug tradition.For nine years, he was the principal interpreter for Tsenzhab Serkong Rinpoche, accompanying him on his foreign tours and training under him to be a Buddhist teacher in his own right. He has served as occasional interpreter for H.H. the Dalai Lama and has organized several international projects for him. These have included Tibetan medical aid for victims of the Chernobyl radiation disaster; preparation of basic Buddhist texts in colloquial Mongolian to help with the revival of Buddhism in Mongolia; and initiation of a Buddhist-Muslim dialogue in universities in the Islamic world.Since 1980, Dr. Berzin has traveled the world, lecturing on Buddhism in universities and Buddhist centers in over 70 countries. He was one of the first to teach Buddhism in most of the communist world, throughout Latin America and large parts of Africa. Throughout his travels, he has consistently tried to demystify Buddhism and show the practical application of its teachings in daily life.A prolific author and translator, Dr. Berzin has published 17 books, including Relating to a Spiritual Teacher, Taking the Kalachakra Initiation, Developing Balanced Sensitivity, and with H.H. the Dalai Lama, The Gelug-Kagyu Tradition of Mahamudra.At the end of 1998, Dr. Berzin returned to the West with about 30,000 pages of unpublished manuscripts of books, articles, and translations he had prepared, transcriptions of teachings of the great masters that he had translated, and notes from all the teachings he had received from these masters. Convinced of the benefit of this material for others and determined that it not be lost, he named it the “Berzin Archives” and settled in Berlin, Germany. There, with the encouragement of H. H. the Dalai Lama, he set out to make this vast material freely available to the world on the Internet, in as many languages as possible.Thus, the Berzin Archives website went online in December 2001. It has expanded to include Dr. Berzin’s ongoing lectures and is now available in 21 languages. For many of them, especially the six Islamic world languages, it is the pioneering work in the field. The present version of the [https://studybuddhism.com/ website] is the next step in Dr. Berzin’s lifelong commitment to building a bridge between the traditional Buddhist and modern worlds. By guiding the teachings across the bridge and showing their relevance to modern life, his vision has been that they would help to bring emotional balance to the world.([https://studybuddhism.com/en/dr-alexander-berzin Source Accessed Dec 4, 2019])Click here for a list of Alexander Berzin's [https://studybuddhism.com/en/dr-alexander-berzin/published-works-of-dr-berzin publications]zin/published-works-of-dr-berzin publications])
Graboski, A. + (Allison Choying Zangmo is Anyen Rinpoche's … Allison Choying Zangmo is Anyen Rinpoche's personal translator and a longtime student of both Rinpoche and his root lama, Kyabje Tsara Dharmakirti. She has either translated or collaborated with Rinpoche on all of his books. She lives in Denver, Colorado.She has received empowerments, transmissions and upadesha instructions in the Longchen Nyingthig tradition from Khenchen Tsara Dharmakirti Rinpoche, as well as others of his main students, such as Khenpo Tashi from Do Kham Shedrup Ling. She also received an unusually direct lineage of Do Khyentse Yeshe Dorje’s chod from the realized chodpa Lama Damphel.After moving to the US with Anyen Rinpoche, she received many other empowerments, transmissions and upadesha instructions in the Secret Mantryana tradition from eminent masters such as Taklong Tsetrul Rinpoche, Padma Dunbo, Yangtang Rinpoche, Khenpo Namdrol, Denpai Wangchuk, and Tulku Rolpai Dorje.Allison Choying Zangmo works diligently for both Orgyen Khamdroling and the Phowa Foundation, as well as composing books and translations of traditional texts & sadhanas with Anyen Rinpoche, and spending a portion of each year in retreat. Although she never had any wish to teach Dharma in the west, based on encouragement by Anyen Rinpoche, Tulku Rolpai Dorje and Khenpo Tashi, she began teaching the dharma under Anyen Rinpoche's guidance in 2017. ([https://orgyenkhamdroling.org/rinpoche/allison Source: Orgyen Khamdroling])/rinpoche/allison Source: Orgyen Khamdroling]))
Lobsang Tharchin, Sermey Khensur + (Also known as Geshe Lobsang Tharchin (1921 … Also known as Geshe Lobsang Tharchin (1921 - 2004). Full Obituary: http://www.acidharma.org/directors/kr_passing.html(Sermey Khensur Rinpoche Lobsang Tharchin) Khensur Rinpoche first came to the United States in April 1972; he continued to live and teach here for more than 30 years. He was one of the most senior Tibetan Buddhist masters to bring the holy teachings of Tibetan Buddhism to the west.Sermey Khensur Rinpoche Lobsang Tharchin was born in Lhasa, Tibet in 1921. He entered the Mey College of Sera Monastery at an early age and proceeded through the rigorous 25 year program of Buddhist monastic and philosophical studies. Upon successful completion of the public examination by the best scholars of the day, Rinpoche was awarded the highest degree of Hlarampa Geshe with honors. In 1954, he entered the Gyumed Tantric College, completed its course of study under strict monastic discipline, and shortly afterwards attained a high-ranking administrative position.In 1959, Rinpoche escaped to India along with His Holiness, the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, and tens of thousands of other Tibetans. Actively involved in Tibetan resettlement, he compiled a series of textbooks for a Tibetan curriculum to be used in refugee schools and also taught in Darjeeling, Simla, and Mussoorie.In 1972, Khen Rinpoche was chosen by H.H. the Dalai Lama to come to the United States to participate in a project involving the translation of Buddhist scriptures. Upon its completion, he was invited to serve as the Abbot of Rashi Gempil Ling Temple in New Jersey, a position that he held until his passing, on December 1, 2004. In 1975 Rinpoche founded the Mahayana Sutra and Tantra Center in Washington D.C., with a branch in New Jersey, as well as, the Mahayana Sutra and Tantra Press. Over the years he has offered a vast range of Buddhist teachings.In 1991, Khen Rinpoche was asked by His Holiness the Dalai Lama to serve as Abbot of Sera Mey monastery in south India. After a brief appointment there, he returned to the United States, where he continued to teach and direct a number of projects dedicated to the restoration of Sera Mey Monastery in India and to the flourishing of the Mahayana Buddhist Dharma in the West unitl his passing in December of 2004. [http://mstcdharma.org/teachers-history-of-center/ Mahayana Sutra and Tantra Center of Washington, DC]Sutra and Tantra Center of Washington, DC])
Bo Fazu + (Also known as Po-yüan or Po Fa-tsu. A prie … Also known as Po-yüan or Po Fa-tsu. A priest and a translator of Buddhist texts during the late Western Chin dynasty (265–316) in China. He built a Buddhist monastery at Ch'ang-an, where he translated and lectured on Buddhist scriptures. In 305 he set out for Lung-yu, where he intended to live in retirement. He was killed along the way, however, because of his refusal to work for Chang Fu, the local governor of Ch'in-chou, and also because of accusations lodged by someone he had defeated in debate. The Buddha's Parinirvāna Sutra, one of the Hinayana versions of the Nirvana Sutra, was translated by Fa-tsu. ([https://www.nichirenlibrary.org/en/dic/Content/F/14 Source Accessed Sep 3, 2021])Content/F/14 Source Accessed Sep 3, 2021]))
Vanaratna + (Also known by his Tibetan name of nags kyi … Also known by his Tibetan name of nags kyi rin chen (1384-1468), a Bengali Paṇḍita and Māhasiddha, reportedly the "last great Indian Paṇdita to visit Tibet". He was born in Sadnagara, near present-day Chittagong. At age eight he received novice ordination from Buddhaghoṣa and Sujataratna. He took up his studies and perfected them very quickly. At age 20 he received full ordination from the same two masters, and went to Shri Lanka for six years, where he spent most of his time meditating in seclusion. Upon his return to India, he was greatly praised by the famous scholar Narāditya.At Śrī Dhānya-kaṭaka mahā-caitya he met, in a vision, with Māhasiddha Shavaripa and received from him his unique transmission of the Sadaṅga-yoga, the Six-limbed Yoga of the Kālacakra tradition. Vanaratna eventually beheld a vision of Avalokiteśvara, who advised him to go to Tibet.Vanaratna visited Tibet in 1426, 1433 and 1453 and spread the Kālacakra lineage and instructions of Paṇḍita Vibhūti-candra there, especially the Sadaṅga-yoga according to Anupamarakṣita, and many other teachings. He also assisted in the translation of many texts and treatises. Such famous Tibetan masters as Gö Lotsawa Shönnu Pal (1392-1481) and Thrimkang Lotsawa Sönam Gyatso (1424-1482) were his close students. He also spent time in Bhutan, where even nowadays there is a temple, near Paro, with a sacred statue of his and a rock that bears his name in old Bengali script. Vanaratna spent his final years in the Gopicandra Vihara in Patan/Kathmandu, now known as Pinthu Bahal, and passed away there. (Source: [https://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/Vanaratna RY wiki])i.tsadra.org/index.php/Vanaratna RY wiki]))
Heller, A. + (Amy Heller is affiliated with CNRS, Paris … Amy Heller is affiliated with CNRS, Paris (Tibetan studies unit 7133). She has traveled many times to Tibet, Nepal and along the Silk Road. Her trip to Tibet in 1995 as a part of team for evaluating restoration of monasteries of Gra thang and Zha lu and its subsequent research resulted in her book Tibetan Art (1999) published in English, French, Italian and Spanish. She has been curator for two exhibitions of Tibetan art (Yale University Art Gallery, and Beinecke Library, Yale). Her forthcoming book Hidden Treasures of the Himalaya: Tibetan manuscripts, paintings and sculptures of Dolpo is a study of the cultural history of Dolpo, Nepal, presenting a collection of 650 volumes of 12th-16th century illuminated Tibetan manuscripts conserved in an ancient Dolpo temple.ipts conserved in an ancient Dolpo temple.)
Palmo, A. J. + (Ani Jinpa Palmo (also [[Ani Jinba Palmo]] … Ani Jinpa Palmo (also [[Ani Jinba Palmo]] or [[Eugenie De Jong]]) is a Dutch Buddhist nun who has studied Tibetan Buddhism since 1968 and was ordained in India in 1969. In the seventies she served as an interpreter for [[Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche]] and currently serves as an interpreter for Kyabje [[Trulshik Rinpoche]] while spending her winters in Nepal and India. During her summers in Europe and the US she occasionally serves as an interpreter for [[Khenpo Pema Sherab]] and [[Kunzang Dechen Lingpa]]. She has translated a number of Tibetan Buddhist books and also did numerous unpublished translations for private purposes.blished translations for private purposes.)
Zilman, A. + (Anna (a.k.a. Anya) holds a MA degree in Bu … Anna (a.k.a. Anya) holds a MA degree in Buddhist Studies from the Kathmandu University Centre for Buddhist Studies at the Rangjung Yeshe Institute. Her MA thesis was entitled: “Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo and the Nonsectarian Movement: A Critical Look at Representations of 19th Century Tibetan Buddhism”.Anna joined the BA program at RYI in 2007, and the Translator Training Program (TTP) in 2008 and has been teaching in RYI since 2009 as a language instructor in the TTP. She has been the a manager of the TTP since 2010. Anna also interprets for a variety of different teachers from Tibetan into English and Russian. ([https://www.ryi.org/faculty/anna-zilman Source Accessed Sept 30, 2020])nna-zilman Source Accessed Sept 30, 2020]))
Burchardi, A. + (Anne Burchardi took refuge with Ven. Kalu … Anne Burchardi took refuge with Ven. Kalu Rinpoche in 1976. In 1978 she became a student of Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche and started her education as a Tibetan translator with him. 1978–1980 she was the secretary of Center for Tibetan Buddhism, Karma Drub Djy Ling, Copenhagen, Denmark. 1978-1979 she was secretary at The Ethnographical Department of The National Museum, Copenhagen. In 1980 she became a member of The Translating Board of Kagyu Tekchen Shedra, International Educational Institute of Higher Learning, Bruxelles, Belgium. She lived in Kathmandu from 1984–1992 and in 1986 she became Teacher at Marpa Institute for Translation, Kathmandu, Nepal. 1988–1991 she was secretary and course coordinator at Marpa Institute for Translation. From 1986 to 2015 she was interpreter for various Tibetan Lamas of the Kagyu, Nyingma, and Gelukpa lineages teaching Buddhism mainly in Europe and Asia, and occasionally in the USA and Canada.1997–2002 she was Teaching Assistant in Tibetan Language Studies, at The Asian Insitute, University of Copenhagen. 1999–2015 she was Associate Professor in Tibetology, Department of Asian Studies, Institute of Cross Cultural & Regional Studies, University of Copenhagen. 1999-2007 she was Research Librarian and Curator, Tibetan Section, Department of Orientalia & Judaica, The Royal Library of Denmark, Copenhagen. 2000 She was Consultant for Tibet, International Development Partners, DANIDA, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in Lhasa and Denmark.2001-2015 she was Lecturer on Buddhism and Tibetan Culture at The Public University, Copenhagen & Aarhus.2002–2010 she was Researcher and Consultant at The Twinning Library Project, between The National Library of Bhutan, Thimphu and The Royal Library of Denmark, Copenhagen.2004–2005 she was Visiting Professor at Deparmnet of Religion, Naropa University, Boulder, CO.2005–2015 she was Lecturer on Buddhism at Pende Ling, Center for Tibetan Buddhism, Copenhagen.2007–2015 she was Lecturer on Buddhist Studies, The Buddhist University, Pende Ling, Copenhagen.2010 She was for Consultant for Liason Office of Denmark, Thimphu, Bhutan, DANIDA, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Copenhagen.2011-2013 She was a Culture Guide in Nepal, Bhutan, and Tibet for Cramon Travels and for Kipling Travels.2012–2020 She was a translator for the 84000 project.(Source: Anne Burchardi Email, Jan 18, 2021.)project. (Source: Anne Burchardi Email, Jan 18, 2021.))
Klein, A. + (Anne Carolyn Klein (Rigzin Drolma), Profes … Anne Carolyn Klein (Rigzin Drolma), Professor and Former Chair of Religious Studies, Rice University, and Founding Director of Dawn Mountain. (www.dawnmountain.org). Her six books include ''Heart Essence of the Vast Expanse: A Story of Transmission''; ''Meeting the Great Bliss Queen'', ''Knowledge & Liberation, and Paths to the Middle'' as well as ''Unbounded Wholeness'' with Geshe Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche. She has also been a consulting scholar in several Mind and Life programs. Her central thematic interest is the interaction between head and heart as illustrated across a spectrum of Buddhist descriptions of the many varieties of human consciousness. ([https://www.colorado.edu/event/lotsawa/presenters/anne-klein Source Accessed July 24, 2020])ers/anne-klein Source Accessed July 24, 2020]))
Drolma, C. + (Anne Holland (Pema Chonyi Drolma), Tibetan … Anne Holland (Pema Chonyi Drolma), Tibetan Buddhist priest, translator, meditation guide and teacher.Chönyi Drolma completed six years of retreat under the direction of Thinley Norbu Rinpoche and Lama Tharchin Rinpoché in 2012 at Pema Osel Ling. She translated the autobiography of Traktung Dudjom Lingpa into English, published as [[A Clear Mirror]], as well as the secret biography of [[Yeshe Tsogyal]] as [[The Life and Visions of Yeshe Tsogyal]]. She currently lives in Montreal where she continues to translate and take her lamas’ instructions to heart.[http://www.jnanasukha.org/news-blog/translation-secret-biography Source Accessed 16 March, 2016]-biography Source Accessed 16 March, 2016])
Jack, A. + (Anthony Abraham Jack (Ph.D., Harvard Unive … Anthony Abraham Jack (Ph.D., Harvard University, 2016) is a junior fellow at the Harvard Society of Fellows and an assistant professor of Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. He holds the Shutzer Assistant Professorship at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study.His research documents the overlooked diversity among lower-income undergraduates: the ''Doubly Disadvantaged'' — those who enter college from local, typically distressed public high schools — and ''Privileged Poor'' — those who do so from boarding, day, and preparatory high schools. His scholarship appears in the ''Common Reader'', ''Du Bois Review'', ''Sociological Forum'', and ''Sociology of Education'' and has earned awards from the American Educational Studies Association, American Sociological Association, Association for the Study of Higher Education, Eastern Sociological Society, and the Society for the Study of Social Problems. Jack held fellowships from the Ford Foundation and the National Science Foundation and was a National Academy of Education/Spencer Foundation Dissertation Fellow. The National Center for Institutional Diversity at the University of Michigan named him an Emerging Diversity Scholar. In May 2020, Muhlenberg College will award him an honorary doctorate for his work in transforming higher education.The ''New York Times'', ''Boston Globe'', ''The Atlantic'', ''The New Yorker'', ''The Chronicle of Higher Education'', ''The Huffington Post'', ''The Nation'', ''American Conservative Magazine'', ''The National Review'', ''Commentary Magazine'', ''The Washington Post'', ''Financial Times'', ''Times Higher Education'', ''Vice'', ''Vox'', and ''NPR'' have featured his research and writing as well as biographical profiles of his experiences as a first-generation college student. ''The Privileged Poor: How Elite Colleges Are Failing Disadvantaged Students'' is his first book. ([https://www.gse.harvard.edu/faculty/anthony-jack Source Accessed Mar 22, 2021])nthony-jack Source Accessed Mar 22, 2021]))
Goldfield, A. + (Ari Goldfield is a Buddhist teacher. He ha … Ari Goldfield is a Buddhist teacher. He had the unique experience of being continuously in the training and service of his own teacher, Khenpo Tsültrim Gyamtso Rinpoche, for eleven years. From 1998-2009, Ari served as Khenpo Rinpoche’s translator and secretary, accompanying Rinpoche on seven round-the-world teaching tours. Ari received extensive instruction from Rinpoche in Buddhist philosophy, meditation, and teaching methods, and meditated under Rinpoche’s guidance in numerous retreats. In 2006, Khenpo Rinpoche sent Ari on his own tour to teach philosophy, meditation, and yogic exercise in Europe, North America, and Asia. In 2007, Ari moved with Rinpoche to Seattle, where he served and helped care for him until Rinpoche moved back to Nepal in 2009. Ari now teaches in Rinpoche’s Karma Kagyu lineage, with the blessings of the head of the lineage, H.H. the 17th Gyalwang Karmapa, and of Khenpo Rinpoche.Ari is also a published translator and author of books, articles, and numerous songs of realization and texts on Buddhist philosophy and meditation. These include Khenpo Rinpoche’s books ''Stars of Wisdom'', ''The Sun of Wisdom'', and Rinpoche’s ''Song of the Eight Flashing Lances'' teaching, which appeared in ''The Best Buddhist Writing'' 2007. He is a contributing author of ''Freeing the Body, Freeing the Mind: Writings on the Connections Between Yoga and Buddhism''.Ari studied Buddhist texts in Tibetan and Sanskrit at Buddhist monasteries in Nepal and India, and at the Central Institute for Higher Tibetan Studies in India. In addition to translating for Khenpo Rinpoche, he has also served as translator for H.H. Karmapa, Tenga Rinpoche, and many other Tibetan teachers. From 2007–11, Ari served as president of the Marpa Foundation, a nonprofit organization initiated by Khenpo Rinpoche that supports Buddhist translation, nunneries in Bhutan and Nepal, and other Buddhist activities. Ari holds a BA from Harvard College and a JD from Harvard Law School, both with honors. ([https://insightla.org/teacher/ari-goldfield-2/ Source Accessed July 22, 2020])ldfield-2/ Source Accessed July 22, 2020]))
Schelling, Arne + (Arne Schelling studied Western and Chinese … Arne Schelling studied Western and Chinese medicine in Germany and China and now works as a physician in Berlin. From 1995 to 2001 he worked to develop the Kagyu Centers Theksum Tashi Chöling in Hamburg and Kamalashila-Institute in Langenfeld, Germany. He frequently translates (from English to German) for masters of all the Tibetan Buddhist traditions, in Germany and Switzerland. In 2001 Dzongsar Khyentse Rinpoche appointed Arne as president of Siddhartha’s Intent Europe, and he later became a country representative for Khyentse Foundation in Germany. Since 2002 he has directed the film project "Heart Advice," which aims to preserve the essence of the teachings of Tibetan masters. He also gives instruction at several Buddhist centers in Germany.on at several Buddhist centers in Germany.)
Engle, A. + (Artemus B. Engle began studying the Tibeta … Artemus B. Engle began studying the Tibetan language in Howell, New Jersey in early 1971 at Labsum Shedrup Ling, the precursor of the Tibetan Buddhist Learning Center. In 1972 he became a student of Sera Mey Khensur Lobsang Tharchin Rinpoche, a relationship that spanned more than thirty years. In 1975 he enrolled in the Buddhist Studies program at the University of Wisconsin in Madison and received a PhD in 1983. Since the mid-1980s he taught Tibetan language and Buddhist doctrine at the Mahayana Sutra and Tantra Center in Howell, New Jersey. In 2005 he became a Tsadra Foundation Translation Fellow and has worked primarily on the ''Pañcaskandhaprakarana'' and the ''Bodhisattvabhūmi''.aprakarana'' and the ''Bodhisattvabhūmi''.)
Ba ri lo tsA ba + (Bari Lotsawa, also known as Rinchen Drak, … Bari Lotsawa, also known as Rinchen Drak, was the second throne holder of Sakya school (Tib. Sakya Trizin). At the age of 63, he retained the seat of Sakya for a period of eight years (1102-1110). He is one of the main lineage figures in the transmission and translation of the White Tara practice and tantras that originate from the Indian master Vagishvarakirti. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Bari_Lotsawa Rigpa Wiki])/index.php?title=Bari_Lotsawa Rigpa Wiki]))
Connelly, B. + (Ben Connelly is a Soto Zen teacher and dha … Ben Connelly is a Soto Zen teacher and dharma heir in the Katagiri lineage based at Minnesota Zen Meditation Center. He also provides secular mindfulness training in a variety of contexts including police training, half-way houses, and correctional facilities, and is a professional musician. He lives in Minneapolis, Minnesota. (Source: Amazon Author Page)Learn more at the [https://www.mnzencenter.org/teachers.html Minnesota Zen Meditation Center website].Watch a video of Ben talking about his book ''Vasubandhu’s Three Natures'': https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBK5k17eYDwttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBK5k17eYDw)
Tri Hai, Bhikkhunī + (Bhikkhuni Tri Hai (Tam Hy), one of Su Ba's … Bhikkhuni Tri Hai (Tam Hy), one of Su Ba's outstanding disciples, was born Nguyen Phuoc Cong Tang Ton Nu Phung Khanh in Hue on March 9, 1938, to an aristocratic family of devout Buddhists who were descendants of the Minh Mang emperor (reigned 1820-40). Phung Khanh excelled in her studies. After she graduated from high school at the age of seventeen, she wanted to renounce the household life, but first she became a high school teacher in Da Nang. After that, she went to the United States where, from 1962 to 1963, she took graduate courses in the English Department at Indiana University, Bloomington. After completing her studies in late 1963, she returned to Vietnam. In 1964, she finally renounced the household life and became a nun under Bhikkhunī Dieu Khong at Hong An Temple in Hue. As a novice nun, she was chosen to become an assistant to Bhikkhu Minh Chau at Van Hanh University, the first Buddhist university in Vietnam. In 1968, she took the ''sikkhamana'' precepts in Nha Trang. She was selected to be the librarian at Van Hanh University and the manager of the School of Youth for Social Service. In 1970, she became fully ordained in Da Nang and was given the monastic name Tri Hai. At Van Hanh University, she lectured to both monastics and laypeople, translated, and also undertook many charitable activities. For example, the humanitarian organization Oxfam asked her to head the Vietnam Oxfam Association, which she directed from 1965 to 1975. She also taught Levels III to V of the Majjhima Nikāya in English at the Vietnam Buddhist Academy and Van Hanh Temple. When in Hue, Bhikkhunī Tri Hai lectured on the ''Canh Sach'' (Guishan's Admonitions) at Dieu Hy and Hong An Temples. During ''vassa'' each year, she was invited to lecture at Phuoc Hoa Temple in Hoc Mon and Dai Giac Temple in Soc Trang. From 1996 to 1999, she taught the ''bhikkhunī vinaya'' and the ''bodhisattva'' precepts at the Intermediate Buddhist School (Thien Phuoc Temple) in Long An Province. At the ordination ceremonies at Thien Phuoc Temple in Long An, she was invited to lecture on the ''bhikkhunī vinaya'', where she gave the examinations and was head of the exam group. In 2003, she was the vice-master at the ordination ceremony at Tu Nghiem Temple. At the time of her death, she was the director of finances and vice president of the Vietnam Buddhist University in Ho Chi Minh City. Bhikkhunī Tri Hai was a Dharma master, teacher, translator, poet, editor, and publisher. She knew English, French, Chinese, Pali, and some German. She has more than one hundred published works, including introductory works for Buddhist students, a Pali-English-Vietnamese dictionary, works introducing Tibetan Buddhism, and works on contemporary philosophers such as Gandhi, Krishnamurti, Tagore, and Erich Fromm. For decades, she was involved in charitable works throughout Vietnam. Tragically, on December 7, 2003, while returning from a charitable mission in Phan Thiet Province, she and two other nuns (Sa Di Phuoc Tinh and Bhikkhunī Tue Nha) were killed in a traffic accident. Bhikkhunī Tri Hai was sixty-six years old and had been a nun for thirty-three years.At the memorial service and afterward, letters, poems, and couplets of praise and remembrance poured in from all over Vietnam and around the world for Bhikkhunī Tri Hai, an eminent nun of Vietnam and a beacon of wisdom and compassion. She is buried at Dieu Khong Temple in Hoc Mon District, outside Ho Chi Minh City. The Dieu Khong Temple that she built in 2003 is now home to six nuns. Two of them, Bhikkhunīs Tue Dung and Tue Nguyen, are currently building a new temple complex and continue Tri Hai's charitable activities: visiting hospitalized cancer patients during the Lunar New Year to give donations ("red envelopes") and giving aid to the elderly, sick, handicapped, and orphaned. Bhikkhunī Tue Dung became a nun in 1980 after hearing Tri Hai speak in 1979 on the ''Diamond Sutra''. She has completed some translations from English and French into Vietnamese. Each year on the death anniversary of Tri Hai, Tue Dung publishes a manuscript or republishes a work by Tri Hai, for example, the Majjhima Nikāya, translated from Pāli by Thich Minh Chau, abridged and annotated by Tri Hai. (Elise Anne DeVido, "Eminent Nuns in Hue, Vietnam," in ''Eminent Buddhist Women'', edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo, 77–78)en'', edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo, 77–78))
Dharmamitra, Bhikshu + (Bhikshu Dharmamitra (ordination name "Heng … Bhikshu Dharmamitra (ordination name "Heng Shou" - 釋恆授) is a Chinese-tradition translator-monk and one of the earliest American disciples (since 1968) of the late Guiyang Ch'an patriarch, Dharma teacher, and pioneer of Buddhism in the West, the Venerable Master Hsuan Hua (宣化上人). He has a total of 34 years in robes during two periods as a monastic (1969‒1975 & 1991 to the present). Dharmamitra's principal educational foundations as a translator of Sino-Buddhist Classical Chinese lie in four years of intensive monastic training and Chinese-language study of classic Mahāyāna texts in a small-group setting under Master Hsuan Hua (1968-1972), undergraduate Chinese language study at Portland State University, a year of intensive one-on-one Classical Chinese study at the Fu Jen University Language Center near Taipei, two years of course work at the University of Washington's Department of Asian Languages and Literature (1988-90), and an additional three years of auditing graduate courses and seminars in Classical Chinese readings, again at UW's Department of Asian Languages and Literature. Since taking robes again under Master Hua in 1991, Dharmamitra has devoted his energies primarily to study and translation of classic Mahāyāna texts with a special interest in works by rya Nāgārjuna and related authors. To date, he has translated more than fifteen important texts comprising approximately 150 fascicles, including most recently the 80-fascicle Avataṃsaka Sūtra (the "Flower Adornment Sutra"), Nāgārjuna's 17-fascicle Daśabhūmika Vibhāṣā ("Treatise on the Ten Grounds"), and the Daśabhūmika Sūtra (the "Ten Grounds Sutra") . . . ([https://www.alibris.com/search/books/author/Bhikshu-Dharmamitra# Source Accessed July 15, 2021])u-Dharmamitra# Source Accessed July 15, 2021]))
Red Pine + (Bill Porter (born October 3, 1943) is an A … Bill Porter (born October 3, 1943) is an American author and translator of Chinese and Sanskrit works who writes under the name Red Pine (Chi Song). [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Porter_(author) Source]*2018: Porter, 74, a translator of Chinese poetry and author, has been awarded the American Academy of Arts & Letters Thornton Wilder Prize for translation. He writes under the name Red Pine (Chi Song) and has lived in Port Townsend since the late 1980s. ([https://www.peninsuladailynews.com/news/port-townsend-translator-of-chinese-poets-wins-national-prize/ Source Accessed May 8, 2020])-national-prize/ Source Accessed May 8, 2020]))
Little, H. + (Binks devoted much of his life to the stud … Binks devoted much of his life to the study and teaching of religion. Before coming to Williams, he taught religion at Wilson College in Chambersburg, Pa., and served as a teaching assistant at Harvard, where he earned his Ph.D.At Williams, he contributed greatly to the life of the college, both inside and outside the classroom. In the 20 years during which he chaired the Department of Religion, starting in 1967, rapid growth of departmental enrollments, followed by new faculty appointments, set the stage for the development of an exciting and rigorous introductory religion course that was both highly popular at Williams and emulated nationally.An intellectual who cared deeply about his students, Binks was intensely curious about developments in the full range of liberal arts disciplines. “Almost immediately following his faculty appointment in the Department of Religion, it became apparent that Binks Little had the potential to become a significant leader in his department and in the college generally,” says John Chandler, Williams president, emeritus, who served as dean of the faculty and religion department chair when Binks joined Williams.Binks was also the first-ever chair of the Committee of Undergraduate Life when it was conceived in the late 1960s. Under his leadership, the committee recommended and the college implemented major revisions of protocols governing residential life. He also paved the way for student membership on standing committees that, up until then, were strictly composed of faculty. “Binks had a great memory for students and a complete devotion to them,” says Mark C. Taylor, Cluett Professor of Humanities, emeritus.Binks became a full professor in 1974. That year he was appointed the managing editor of the American Academy of Religion Dissertation Series, a publishing venture organized to make outstanding doctoral research in the study of religion readily available to the wider scholarly community.Shortly before he retired from Williams, Binks participated for two years in an experimental faculty development program, mentoring second-year faculty across the academic divisions and coordinating and directing periodic seminars and conferences that addressed the myriad challenges faced by new faculty members.Born in St. Louis, Mo., in 1932, Binks grew up in Columbus, Ohio, and Pasadena, Calif., and attended Deerfield Academy. He graduated from Princeton University in 1954 and earned a B.D. from Princeton Theological Seminary in 1957, having spent the 1954-55 academic year at the University of Edinburgh. He earned a Ph.D. from Harvard in 1965. ([https://president.williams.edu/writings-and-remarks/articles-2/the-passing-of-professor-h-ganse-binks-little/ Source Accessed Apr 21, 2022])nks-little/ Source Accessed Apr 21, 2022]))
Phuntsok, Tulku Orgyen + (Birth and Recognition: Tulku Orgyen Phun … Birth and Recognition: Tulku Orgyen Phuntsok was born in Pemakö, in northeastern India, as the son of Lama Rigdzin Phuntsok. He was recognized at a young age by Dudjom Rinpoche as the reincarnation of Togden Kunzang Longrol, his father’s root guru. Togden Kunzang Longrol was a great Dzogchen yogi from the Powo region who had been a main disciple of Dudjom Rinpoche, and who had been influential in spreading the dharma and the Dudjom Tersar lineage both in Tibet and in upper and lower Pemakö.Training: Tulku Orgyen Phuntsok spent his early years in retreat in Pemakö, at his own monastery, under the blessings of his first root teacher, the great master Tulku Dawa Rinpoche. Tulku Orgyen Phuntsok underwent vigorous training in multiple fields of study, including various ritual sadhana performances from different terma lineages, with an emphasis on the Dudjom Tersar lineage, all under the care of his previous incarnation’s disciples, including his father Lama Rigzin Phuntsok.At the age of 15, Tulku Orgyen commenced advanced studies in southern India at Namdroling Monastery, the largest Nyingma monastery in India, established by Penor Rinpoche. There, Tulku Orgyen completed a nine-year-long program of study, obtaining the degree of Khenpo. While appointed to a teaching position for the duration of his final three years at the monastery, he taught various Buddhist philosophies to monks. Over the course of his nine years of study, he also received empowerments and transmissions from many masters of the Nyingma lineage such as Bhakha Tulku Rinpoche, Lama Rigdzin Phuntsok, Penor Rinpoche, and Tulku Dawa Rinpoche.Upon completion of his studies at Namdroling monastery, Tulku Orgyen Phuntsok returned to his retreat land in Pemakö, where he engaged in solitary retreat and completed the requisite practices to become a qualified Vajra master in this lineage.Activity:Since late 1999, Tulku Orgyen Phuntsok has assisted his uncle and teacher, Bhakha Tulku Rinpoche, by giving teachings, leading practices and retreats, and undertaking various other Dharma activities at Vairotsana Foundation Centers in California and New Mexico and in various cities in North America and Asia. In order to gain a western education and perspective, Tulku Orgyen studied and guest lectured at the University of California, Santa Barbara.Currently, Tulku Orgyen Phuntsok splits his time between North America and Asia, spending winters in Pemakö where he oversees reconstruction of the temple. he oversees reconstruction of the temple.)
Bo dong sangs rgyas mgon po + (Bodong Sangye Gönpo was a Tibetan yogi ade … Bodong Sangye Gönpo was a Tibetan yogi adept in the practice of Siṃhamukhā. Though he initially practiced the teaching cycle of this deity associated with Bari Lotsāwa, through his practice he was able to encounter Siṃhamukhā and received empowerment for her practice from Guru Rinpoche. This became the basis for the Siṃhamukhā cycle known as the Bodong Tradition of the Aural Lineage of the Profound Secret of the Lion Faced [Ḍākinī] (''bo dong lugs zab gsang seng gdong snyan brgyud).g lugs zab gsang seng gdong snyan brgyud).)
Bokar Rinpoche + (Bokar Tulku Rinpoche (1940 – 17 August 200 … Bokar Tulku Rinpoche (1940 – 17 August 2004) was heart-son of the Second Kalu Rinpoche and a holder of the Karma Kagyü and Shangpa Kagyü lineages.Bokar Rinpoche was born in western Tíbet not far from Mount Kailash, in 1940 (Iron Dragon year) to a family of nomadic herders. When Rinpoche was four years old, His Holiness the 16th Karmapa recognized him as the reincarnation of the previous Bokar Tulku, Karma Sherab Ösel.Bokar Rinpoche was trained at the monastery founded by the previous Bokar incarnation. He continued his studies at Tsurphu Monastery in central Tibet, main seat of the Karmapas. While still a teenager, he assumed full responsibilities for the Bokar monastic community. Then, due to the Communist oppression in Tibet, Bokar Rinpoche fled into exile at the age of 20. In India, he became a close disciple of Dorje Chang Kalu Rinpoche.Under Kalu Rinpoche's guidance in Sonada, Bokar Rinpoche twice completed the traditional three-year retreat. During the first one, he followed the practices of the Shangpa Kagyu; the second was based on the practices of the Karma Kagyu.In Mirik, India, Bokar Rinpoche founded a retreat center that is an important centre for Kalachakra practice, now called Bokar Ngedhon Choekhor Ling. Brief bio available at [http://www.bokarmonastery.org/mod/data/index.php?REQUEST_ID=cGFnZT1iaW9ncmFwaHktQm9rYXI= bokarmonastery.org]Also see [http://www.bokarmonastery.org/mod/data/index.php?REQUEST_ID=cGFnZT1wdWJsaWNhdGlvbnM= Bokar Publications]FnZT1wdWJsaWNhdGlvbnM= Bokar Publications])
Ricard, M. + (Born in France in 1946, son of philosopher … Born in France in 1946, son of philosopher Jean-François Revel and artist Yahne LeToumelin, Matthieu Ricard is a Ph.D. in cell genetics turned Buddhist monk who has studiedBuddhism in the Himalayas for the last 50 years under respected masters such as KangyurRinpoche and Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche. He is a humanitarian, an author, a photographer,and a speaker at various international events. His books in English include ''The Monk and the Philosopher''; ''The Quantum and the Lotus'';''Happiness: A Guide to Developing Life's Most Important Skill''; ''Why Meditate?''; ''Altruism:The Power of Compassion to Change Yourself and the World'', ''A Plea for the Animals'',''Enlightened Vagabond'', ''Beyond the Self: A conversation between Neuroscience andBuddhism'', ''In Search of Wisdom'', ''Freedom for All and Our Animal Neighbours''.As a translator from Tibetan, in English, his works include, :Dilgo Khyentse, ''The Wish-Fulfilling Jewel'', Shambhala Publications.:Dilgo Khyentse, ''The Heart Treasure of the Enlightened Ones'', Shambhala Publication.:Dilgo Khyentse, ''The Excellent Path to Enlightenment'', Snow Lion Publications.:Dilgo Khyentse, ''The Hundred Verses of Advice'', Shambhala Publications.:Dilgo Khyentse, ''The Heart of Compassion'', Shambhala Publications.:Rabjam Rinpoche, ''The Great Medicine that Vanquishes Ego Clinging'', Shambhala Publications.:''Shabkar, Autobiography of a Tibetan Yogin'', SUNY Press, reprinted Snow Lion Publications.:''On the Path to Enlightenment: Heart Advice from the Great Tibetan Masters''. Shambhala Publications, 2013.:''The Enlightened Vagabond, The life and teachings of Patrul Rinpoche'', Shambhala Publications.As a photographer, he has published a number of albums in French, including, in English ''Journey to Enlightenment (Aperture)'', ''Tibet: An Inner Journey'' (Thames and Hudson), ''Motionless Journey: From a Hermitage in the Himalayas'' (Thames and Hudson), ''Bhutan: Land of Serenity''. Henri Cartier Bresson wrote about his photographic work: "Matthieu's camera and his spiritual life are one. From there, spring these images, fleeting yet eternal."As a scientist and Buddhist monk, under the umbrella of the Mind and Life Institute, he has been an active participant in the scientific research on the effects of meditation on the brain and has co-authored a number of scientific publications.He presently lives at Shechen monastery in Nepal and devotes all the proceedings of his books and activities to humanitarian projects in India, Nepal and Tibet, through Karuna- Shechen, the organization he founded twenty-one years ago (www.karuna-shechen.org), which benefit over 400,000 people every year. (Source: Matthieu Ricard, personal communication, Oct. 12, 2021.)www.matthieuricard.comn, Oct. 12, 2021.) www.matthieuricard.com)
Brunnhölzl, K. + (Born in Germany, Karl Brunnhölzl, M.D. was … Born in Germany, Karl Brunnhölzl, M.D. was trained as a physician in Germany. He studied Tibetology, Buddhology, and Sanskrit at [[Hamburg University]]. He received training in Tibetan language and Buddhist philosophy and practice at the Marpa Institute for Translators, founded by [[Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamsto Rinpoche]]. [[The Foliage of Superior Insight|Ashé Journal Article]] [http://www.nalandabodhi.org/teachers/western-teachers/karl-brunnholzl.aspx Nalandabodhi teacher page] '''Brief Biography:'''Karl was originally trained, and worked, as a physician. He took Buddhist refuge vows in 1984 and, in 1990, completed a five-year training in higher Buddhist philosophy at Kamalashila Institute, Germany, receiving the traditional Kagyü title of "dharma tutor" (Tib. skyor dpon). Since 1988, he received his Buddhist and Tibetan language training mainly at Marpa Institute For Translators in Kathmandu, Nepal (director: Khenpo Tsültrim Gyamtso Rinpoche) and also studied Tibetology, Buddhology, and Sanskrit at Hamburg University, Germany. Since 1989, Karl served as a translator, interpreter, and Buddhist teacher mainly in Europe, India, and Nepal. Since 1999, he has acted as one of the main translators and teachers at Nitartha Institute (director: Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche) in the USA, Canada, and Germany. In addition, he regularly taught at Gampo Abbey's Vidyadhara Institute from 2000-2007. He is the author of several books on Buddhism, such as The Center of the Sunlit Sky, Straight from the Heart, In Praise of Dharmadhātu, and Luminous Heart (all Snow Lion Publications).Karl met Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche in 1986 during Rinpoche's first teaching tour through Europe, receiving extensive teachings as well as pratimoksha vows from him during the following years in both Europe and Nepal, and later also in Canada and the USA. He served as Rinpoche's personal translator during his teachings tours in Europe (particularly at Nitartha Institute in Germany) from 1999-2005. In 2005, he was appointed as one of five Western Nalandabodhi teachers and given the title "mitra."In 2006, he moved to Seattle and works as a full-time Tibetan translator for Tsadra Foundation. Since his arrival in Seattle, Karl was instrumental in creating the new introductory NB Buddhism 100 Series, leads NB Study Path classes, presents weekend courses and open house talks at Nalanda West, offers selected teachings to the Vajrasattva and Mahamudra practice communities, and provides personal guidance as a PI. He also teaches weekend seminars and Nitartha Institute courses in NB centers in the US, Canada, and Mexico as well as other locations.Within the Mitra Council, Karl is the current Dean until 2010 and is mainly supervising and revising the NB Study Path (which includes revising the Hinayana and Mahayana study path and creating a Vajrayana study path). While enthusiastic about all facets of the dharma, his main interests are the teachings on Mahamudra, Yogacara and Buddha Nature, and to make the essential teachings by the Karmapas and other major Kagyu lineage figures available to contemporary Western audiences. [http://www.nalandabodhi.org/teachers/western-teachers/karl-brunnholzl.aspx Source]i.org/teachers/western-teachers/karl-brunnholzl.aspx Source])
Blumenthal, J. + (Born in Los Angeles, Jim grew up in Southe … Born in Los Angeles, Jim grew up in Southern California. He completed his undergraduate degree at the University of San Diego and continued to the University of Wisconsin, Madison, where he finished his MA and PhD under the direction of the Tibetan Buddhist scholar/practitioner Geshe Lhundub Sopa. His graduate studies focused on the work of the Indian teacher Śāntarakṣita.Both in his career as Associate Professor in the School of History, Philosophy and Religion at Oregon State University and as Professor of Buddhist Studies at Maitripa College, Jim displayed the rare combination of deep commitment to teaching and rigorous engagement as a research scholar. Even more unusually, Jim was able to produce scholarly texts that were valued equally by the academy and by Buddhist communities. He published analytical and translation works on Indian Mahāyāna Buddhism based upon this research, including The Ornament of The Middle Way: A Study of the Madhyamaka Thought of Śāntarakṣita (2004) and Sixty Stanzas of Reasoning (2004). With Geshe Sopa, he completed a translation of the 4th Chapter of the ''Lamrim Chenmo'', and was pursuing the publication of a translation of Śāntarakṣita’s ''Madhyamakālaṃkāravṛtti''.Jim was a strong advocate for institutions of higher education that strive to integrate the knowledge base of Buddhist philosophy with meditative practice and service to the community. In 2004, Jim invited Yangsi Rinpoche to Portland, Oregon to speak to interested persons. In 2005, Jim began working alongside Yangsi Rinpoche, Namdrol Adams, and Angie Garcia on the founding of Maitripa Institute, soon to become Maitripa College, which seeks to embody those ideals. . . .His main teachers were His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Geshe Lhundub Sopa Rinpoche, Jangtse Choje Rinpoche, Choden Rinpoche, Lama Zopa Rinpoche, Yangsi Rinpoche, and Chokyi Nyima Rinpoche. ([https://maitripa.org/jim-blumenthal/ Source adapted from an obituary written by Namdrol Miranda Adams, Damcho Diana Finnegan, and Jim's wife, Tiffany)] Diana Finnegan, and Jim's wife, Tiffany)])
Murillo, A. + (Born in Mexico City in 1961, Alan Murillo … Born in Mexico City in 1961, Alan Murillo studied as a professional translator at the Higher Institute of Interpreters and Translators in Mexico City and has dedicated himself for 25 years to the translation of legal, financial and technical documents.As part of the Casa Tíbet translation team, he has translated several books on Buddhism into Spanish: ''Buddhism with an Attitude'' by Alan Wallace; ''Iridescent Splendor: The Memoirs of Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche''; and ''Geshe Lhundup Söpa's Autobiography'' , as well as numerous texts and teachings for Casa Tíbet México.A student of Casa Tíbet since 1998, he is part of the group of instructors under the guidance and instruction of his main teacher, Marco Antonio Karam, founder and director of Casa Tíbet México.As a student of said institution, he has received teachings on the theory and practice of Buddhist teachings, fundamentally the study and analysis of consciousness and the cultivation of human potential based on transcendental values, in order to develop a more meaningful life for the benefit of other beings and oneself.During this time he has attended short retreats, seminars and teachings of great masters of the Tibetan Buddhist tradition, such as Geshe Sopa, Geshe Thabke, Khenpo Pema Wangdak, Alan Wallace, Matthieu Ricard, Dr. Jeffrey Hopkins, Khandro Rinpoché, Marcia Dechen Wangmo, among others.From 2008 to 2012 he was part of the editorial project at the Autonomous University of Mexico City (UACM) as a translator in the Department of Educational Innovation and Critical Thinking, translating four books on these topics.He currently coordinates the Editorial Committee of Casa Tíbet México and is the editorial director of the quarterly human development magazine 84 Thousand - Words that wake up. ([https://casatibet.org.mx/2016/09/05/alan-murillo/ Adapted from Source Apr 6, 2021])murillo/ Adapted from Source Apr 6, 2021]))
Fatian + (Born in central India, Fatian (法天, ?-1001) … Born in central India, Fatian (法天, ?-1001), or Dharmadeva, had been a monk in the Nālandā Monastery in the kingdom of Magadha. In 973, the sixth year of the Kaibao (開寶) years of the Northern Song Dynasty, he went to China and stayed in Pujin (蒲津), in Lu County (漉州). He translated the Sūtra of the Infinite-Life Resolute Radiance King Tathāgata Dhāraṇī, the Stanzas in Praise of the Seven Buddhas, and other texts. His translations were recorded and edited by Fajin (法進), an Indian monk of the Kaiyuan Temple (開元寺) in Hezhongfu (河中府).In 980, the fifth year of the Taiping-Xinguo (太平興國) years, the county official presented a written recommendation of Fatian to Emperor Taizong (宋太宗). Very pleased with what he read in the report, the emperor summoned Fatian to the capital city and bestowed upon him the purple robe. Furthermore, he decreed the building of an institute for sūtra translation. In 982, at the command of the emperor, Fatian, Tianxizai (天息災), Shihu (施護), and others moved into the institute, starting to translate the Sanskrit texts each had brought. In the seventh month, Fatian completed his translation of the Mahāyāna Sūtra of the Holy Auspicious Upholding-the-World Dhāranī. Then the emperor named him Great Master of Transmission of Teachings. Between 982 and 1000, he translated forty-six sūtras. Fatian died in 1001, the fourth year of the Xianping (咸平) years, his age unknown. The emperor conferred upon him a posthumous title, Great Master of Profound Enlightenment. ([http://www.buddhism.org/Sutras/3/translators.html Source Accessed Aug 25, 2021])lators.html Source Accessed Aug 25, 2021]))
Karthar, Khenpo + (Born in eastern Tibet in 1924, Khenpo Kart … Born in eastern Tibet in 1924, Khenpo Karthar Rinpoche was one of the great masters of the Karma Kagyu tradition. Rinpoche, who received most of his training and education in Tibet before the Chinese invasion, was highly accomplished in meditation, philosophy, and monastic arts. As abbot of Karma Triyana Dharmacakra Monastery (KTD) in Woodstock, New York; spiritual guide of thirty-five Karma Thegsum Choling (KTC) affiliate centers; and retreat master at the Karme Ling Retreat Center in Delhi, New York, Rinpoche touched the lives of thousands of students. He was also known for numerous books, including ''The Quintessence of the Union of Mahamudra and Dzokchen''; ''Dharma Paths''; ''Instructions of Gampopa''; ''Bardo: Interval of Possibility''; ''The Wish-Fulfilling Wheel: The Practice of White Tara''; and the five-volume masterwork ''Karma Chakme’s Mountain Dharma''.erwork ''Karma Chakme’s Mountain Dharma''.)
Reshetov, A. + (Born on August 1, 1932. In 1956, graduated … Born on August 1, 1932. In 1956, graduated from Leningrad State University, the Faculty of Oriental Studies, the Department of Chinese Philology, and was admitted to the doctoral course at the Institute of Ethnography, the USSR Academy of Sciences. Soon he went to China for the academic training and spent there several years. In 1960, he started his work at the Leningrad Branch of the Institute of Ethnography and immediately took an active part in the edition of issues Peoples of Eastern Asia [Народы Восточной Азии] and Peoples of South Eastern Asia [Народы Юго-Восточной Азии] published by the Institute as a part of the series Peoples of the World [Народы мира]. In 1967, he defended the PhD Dissertation, The Puyi. An Historical and Ethnographic Account [Буи. Историко-этнографический очерк], supervised by Dr N.N. Cheboksarov, a well-known Russian ethnographer and anthropologist.At the same time, he started his fieldworks. First he explored Siberia and Central Asia, especially the areas populated by the Uigurs and Dungans. During late 1970s through early 1980s, he took part in the Soviet Mongolian research expedition. He brought a number of artifacts to the Museum of anthropology and ethnography (MAE).During the 1960s through 1970s, his major research interests were in ethnography of various ethnic groups of China, Mongolia, the Far East. He contributed much to the description and popularization of relevant rich collections kept at the MAE. It resulted in a series of his papers published at the MAE’s academic issues.During the 1970s, he contributed to the study of general ethnography, its theory and methodology, editing two books of essays such as The Hunters, Gatherers, Fishers [Охотники, собиратели, рыболовы] and The Early Farmers [Ранние земледельцы].Starting from mid-1980s, he concentrated also on the history of Russian ethnography and Oriental studies and published more than 100 papers on both well-known scholars and those whose names were undeserved forgotten. Thanks to him the names of many Russian ethnographers, anthropologists and Orientalists, including the emigrants of the first wave who worked mostly in Harbin and the scholars oppressed by the Stalinists were returned. During the last years of his life, Dr A.Reshetov worked on the fundamental Biobliographic Dictionary of Russian Ethnographs and Anthropologists. The 20th Century [Биобиблиографический словарь отечественных этнографов и антропологов. XX век] that he was not destined to complete.Moreover, Dr A. Reshetov organized many important conferences. During many years, he was the academic secretary of the Leningrad Branch of the Institute of Ethnography, then headed its Department of Foreign Asian Studies. ([http://www.orientalstudies.ru/eng/index.php?option=com_personalities&Itemid=74&person=649 Source Accessed Apr 12, 2022])d=74&person=649 Source Accessed Apr 12, 2022]))
Smith, Brian K. + (Brian was born in Seattle, Washington, in … Brian was born in Seattle, Washington, in 1953 to Gordon and JoAnne Smith who moved to St. Paul Minnesota soon thereafter. His father and grandfather were ordained Baptist ministers and Brian had an abiding interest and education in the Christian tradition. He did his undergraduate work at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota and went on to earn a Ph.D. in the History of Religions from the University of Chicago, where he focused on Hindu and Sanskrit texts. During his academic studies, he cultivated an unorthodox understanding of religion thanks to the influence of such renowned scholars as Mircea Eliade, Wendy Doniger and Jonathan Z. Smith. Brian taught for over two decades in the academic world, first at Columbia University’s Barnard College and later, at the University of California, Riverside, where he retired as Professor Emeritus in 2004. In 1998, Brian began an intensive study of Tibetan Buddhism in the Gelugpa tradition with Geshe Michael Roach and his teacher, Geshe Lobsang Tharchin. Later he took further teachings and initiations with Lama Christie McNally, His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Kyabje Lati Rinpoche, Geshe Tsultrim Gyeltsen and Chogyal Namkhai Norbu. He became a Tibetan Buddhist monk and took the ordination name of Sumati Marut, becoming affectionately known by his many students as Lama Marut. He lived as a monk for 8 years. Brian – now called Lama Marut – continued his interest in comparative religion, studying the teachings of other spiritual masters, drawing inspiration from many past and contemporary teachers of the Buddhist and yoga traditions. He also returned to his Christian roots through study and personal friendships with Christian priests and ministers. In addition to several scholarly studies and translations based on Sanskrit materials, Brian/Lama Marut, authored the popular and award-winning books, ''A Spiritual Renegade’s Guide to the Good Life'' and ''Be Nobody''. ([http://lamamarut.org/lama-maruts-obituary/ Source Accessed May 3, 2021])ts-obituary/ Source Accessed May 3, 2021]))
Buddhaśrī + (Buddhaśrī was an important Sakya master active in western central Tibet in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth century. He was an important Lamdre master who passed on that teaching cycle to Ngorchen Kunga Zangpo.)
Ermakov, C. + (CAROL ERMAKOVA was born in Malaysia in 196 … CAROL ERMAKOVA was born in Malaysia in 1967 and much of her first two years was spent travelling with her family before they returned to live in the UK. Carol studied modern languages and literature at St. Andrews University, Scotland, graduating in 1992 with First Class Honours. She also holds an MA in Contemporary Russian Studies from SSEES, London University (1994), and an MA in Translation and Interpreting from Bath University (2005). She has worked as an English Language teacher in Italy, Russia and the UK, and has also assisted many Bönpo Geshes in their language studies, notably Geshe Gelek Jinpa, Ponlob Tsangpa Tenzin, Drubdra Khenpo Tsultrim Tenzin, Khenpo Rakhyung Kalsang Norbu. Many of her literary translations have been published in journals such as The London Magazine, Litro and Steppe. Her work has also been included in anthologies such as Squaring the Circle, Winners of the Debut Prize, 2010 and Shadowplay on a Sunless Day. Carol currently works as a freelance, self-employed translator in the North Pennines, UK.It was as a student in St. Andrews that she first became interested in Tibetan Buddhism when a friend took her to visit Karma Kargyu Samye Ling, Eskdalemuir, Scotland. Struck by the strong spiritual energy of the rituals, Carol returned several times to sit with the monks, first in the atmospheric puja room, then in the newly-built temple. It was not until 1994, however, that she received her first Buddhist teachings, from Chögyal Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche, in Ulaan Baatar, Mongolia.Source [http://www.yungdrungbon.co.uk/CarolErmakova.html]www.yungdrungbon.co.uk/CarolErmakova.html])
Bastos, C. + (Candida Bastos is a translator of Buddhist … Candida Bastos is a translator of Buddhist works into Portuguese. She has translated a number of works by by Chagdud Tulku, including ''Portões da Prática Budista: Ensinamentos Essenciais de um Lama Tibetano'', ''O senhor da dança: a autobiografia de um lama tibetano'', ''Para Abrir o Coração: Treinamento para Paz'', ''Comentários sobre Tara Vermelha'', and ''Vida e morte no Budismo Tibetano''. She has also co-translated, with Manoel Vidal, ''O caminho do bodisatva'', a Portuguese translation of the revised edition of the English translation of the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' made by the Padmakara Translation Group. She lives in São Paulo, Brazil.ion Group. She lives in São Paulo, Brazil.)
Candragomin + (Candragomin. (T. Btsun pa zla ba). Fifth-c … Candragomin. (T. Btsun pa zla ba). Fifth-century CE Indian lay poet and grammarian, who made substantial contributionsto Sanskrit grammar, founding what was known as the Cāndra school. A junior contemporary of the great Kālidāsa, Candragomin was one of the most accomplished poets in the history of Indian Buddhism. His play ''Lokānanda'', which tells the story of the bodhisattva king Maṇicūḍa, is the oldest extant Buddhist play and was widely performed in the centuries afterits composition. He was a devotee of Tārā and composed several works in her praise. Tibetan works describe him as a proponent of Vijñānavãda who engaged in debate with Candrakīrti, but there is little philosophical content in his works that can be confidently ascribed to him. Among those works are the "Letter to a Disciple" (''Śiṣyalekha''), the "Confessional Praise" (''Deśanāstava''), and perhaps the "Twenty Verses on the Bodhisattva Precepts" (''Bodhisattvasaṃvaraviṃśaka''). (Source: "Candragomin." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 165. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Roloff, C. + (Carola Roloff (born 1959 in Holzminden, We … Carola Roloff (born 1959 in Holzminden, West Germany) is a German Buddhist nun. Her monastic name is Bhiksuni Jampa Tsedroen. An active teacher, translator, author, and speaker, she is instrumental in campaigning for equal rights for Buddhist nuns. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carola_Roloff Source Accessed July 23, 2018]). Dr. Roloff is Visiting Professor for Buddhism (endowed docentship until 31.03.2025) in the Academy of World Religions of the University of Hamburg. From 1981-1996 she studied Tibetan Buddhist philosophy and practice with Geshe Thubten Ngawang in the Tibetan Centre e.V. and then Tibetology and Classical Indology with a focus on Buddhist Studies in the Asia-Africa-Institute of the University of Hamburg (M.A. 2003, PhD in 2009). Her current focus in research and teaching is "Buddhism and Dialogue in Modern Societies". Other research topics include: Interreligious dialogue, Buddhism between tradition and modernity, Mindfulness and other meditative techniques, Socially engaged Buddhism, and Gender-religion interactions in Buddhism and their significance in social dialogue processes (including in relation to their countries of origin).([https://www.buddhismuskunde.uni-hamburg.de/personen/roloff.html Source Accessed July 23, 2018])oloff.html Source Accessed July 23, 2018]))
Dalton, C. + (Catherine Dalton is an oral interpreter an … Catherine Dalton is an oral interpreter and a translator for the Dharmachakra Translation Committee. She has published a number of translations with Dharmachakra, including several for 84000. Catherine studied and taught at the Rangjung Yeshe Institute in Nepal for a number of years, and is the co-director of the Dharmachakra Center for Translation and Translation Studies at Rangjung Yeshe Gomde, CA. She holds an MA in Buddhist Studies from Kathmandu University, and is currently a doctoral student in Buddhist Studies at UC Berkeley. (Source: [https://conference.tsadra.org/past-event/the-2014-tt-conference/ 2014 Translation & Transmission Conference Program])lation & Transmission Conference Program]))
Luk, C. + (Charles Luk (1898-1978) (simplified Chines … Charles Luk (1898-1978) (simplified Chinese: 陆宽昱; traditional Chinese: 陸寬昱; pinyin: Lù Kuānyù; Wade–Giles: Lu K'uan Yü; Jyutping: Luhk Fūn-Yūk) was an early translator of Chinese Buddhist texts and commentaries into the English language. He was born in Guangdong province, and moved later to Hong Kong, where he wrote most of his books.Charles Luk often used the title Upāsaka (居士), e.g. "Upāsaka Lu K'uan Yü" (陸寬昱居士), referring to his role as a devout lay follower of Buddhism. His first Buddhist teacher was a tulku of Esoteric Buddhism, the Khutuktu of Xikang. Later he became a disciple of Hsu Yun, the famous inheritor of all five houses of the Chán school in China.[1] Master Hsu Yun personally asked Charles Luk to translate key Chinese Buddhist texts into English, so that Western Buddhists could have access to authentic teachings to assist their practice. Upon his death in 1978, this task was taken on by his British disciple Richard Hunn (1949–2006), also known as Upasaka Wen Shu - who edited the 1988 Element edition of Charles Luk's book entitled ''Empty Cloud: The Autobiography of the Chinese Zen Master Xu Yun''.Charles Luk contributed broadly to Buddhist publications in India, London, Paris, and New York.Translations:*''Shurangama Sutra'' (1966)*''Platform Sutra''*''Vimalakirti Sutra'' (1972)*Some works on Daoist Neidan meditation.Other works:*''Ch'an and Zen Teachings, First Series'' (1960),*''Secrets of Chinese Meditation'' (1964)*''Ch'an and Zen Teachings, Second Series'' (1971),*''Practical Buddhism'', Rider, (1971)*''Ch'an and Zen Teachings, Third Series'' (1973),*''Taoist Yoga: Alchemy And Immortality'' (1973)*''Empty Cloud: The Autobiography of the Chinese Zen Master Xu Yun'' (1974)*''The Transmission of the Mind: Outside the Teaching'' (1974)*''Master Hsu Yun's Discourses and Dharma Words'' (1996) ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Luk Source Accessed Jan 20, 2022])Charles_Luk Source Accessed Jan 20, 2022]))
Mchims 'jam pa'i dbyangs + (Chim Jampé Yang (Tib. མཆིམས་འཇམ་པའི་དབྱངས་ … Chim Jampé Yang (Tib. མཆིམས་འཇམ་པའི་དབྱངས་, Wyl. ''mchims 'jam pa'i dbyangs'') (13th century) — author of the most famous Tibetan commentary on Vasubandhu's ''Abhidharmakosha'', ''The Ornament of Abhidharma'', often known simply as the 'Chim Dzö' or 'Chim Chen'. Here large (chen) is referring to the size of his commentary. Some traditions identify the author of this text with Chim Namkha Drak.His teacher was Chim Lozang Drakpa, who is known as The Omniscient Chim, and who is the author of the 'Chim chung', the smaller commentary. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Chim_Jamp%C3%A9_Yang Rigpa Wiki])hp?title=Chim_Jamp%C3%A9_Yang Rigpa Wiki]))
Nyima, Chökyi + (Chokyi Nyima Rinpoche is a world-renowned … Chokyi Nyima Rinpoche is a world-renowned teacher and meditation master in the Kagyu and Nyingma traditions of Tibetan Buddhism. He was born in Tibet in 1951 as the oldest son of his mother Kunsang Dechen, a devoted Buddhist practitioner, and his father Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, an accomplished master of Buddhist meditation. As a young child, Chokyi Nyima—"Sun of the Dharma"—was recognized as the 7th incarnation of the Tibetan meditation master Gar Drubchen.In 1959, following the Chinese occupation of Tibet, Rinpoche's family fled to India where Rinpoche spent his youth studying under some of Tibetan Buddhism’s most illustrious masters, such as His Holiness the 16th Gyalwang Karmapa, Kyabje Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, His Holiness Dudjom Rinpoche, Khunu Lama Tenzin Gyaltsen, and his father, Kyabje Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche.In 1974, Rinpoche left India to join his parents in Kathmandu, Nepal, where he assisted them in establishing Ka-Nying Shedrub Ling Monastery. Upon its completion in 1976, H.H. the Karmapa enthroned Chokyi Nyima Rinpoche as the monastery's abbot. To this day, Ka-Nying Shedrub Ling remains the heart of Rinpoche’s ever-growing mandala of activity. (Source: [https://shedrub.org/about-us/ Shedrub.org])ttps://shedrub.org/about-us/ Shedrub.org]))
Chos kyi 'od zer (Nom-un gerel) + (Chos kyi 'od zer (Nom-un gerel, Choiji Ods … Chos kyi 'od zer (Nom-un gerel, Choiji Odser, or Čosgi Odsir) was a Uighur scholar of the Sakya order who translated the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' into Mongolian in 1305 (other sources say 1312, see Baumann, 2008) and wrote a commentary on the text, of which only a fragment remains. According to Liland's MA thesis (2009), he flourished between 1305–1321. According to Alexander Berzin, "The first Buddhist text translated from Tibetan into Mongolian was Shantideva's ''Engaging in Bodhisattva Behavior'' (''Byang-chub sems-dpa’i spyod-pa-la ‘jug-pa'', Skt. ''Bodhisattvacaryavatara''). It was prepared by the Uighur translator Chokyi Ozer (Chos-kyi ‘od-zer), during the reign of the Mongol Yuan Emperor Khaisan Külüg (Chin. Wuzong, Wu-tsung, 1308–1311). ([https://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/history-culture/transmission-of-buddhism/traditional-guidelines-for-translating-buddhist-texts See Berzin]). Vesna Wallace also notes that he was this first to translate the ''Four Medical Tantras'' from Tibetan to Mongolian. His student was Shes rab seng ge.ngolian. His student was Shes rab seng ge.)
Jones, Christopher + (Chris Jones completed doctoral research at … Chris Jones completed doctoral research at the University of Oxford (St Peter’s College) in 2015, with a thesis that explored the language of selfhood (ātman) in relation to teachings about buddha-nature in Indian Buddhist literature. The thesis was awarded the Khyentse Foundation Award for outstanding doctoral research produced in Europe, and was the foundation for his first monograph – The Buddhist Self: On Tathāgatagarbha and Ātman. Jones spent three further years researching and teaching at Oxford as a Postdoctoral Fellow of the British Academy, and is now on a UK Arts and Humanities Research Project connected to the University of Cambridge, associated also with the University of Edinburgh. His continuing research concerns predominantly Mahāyāna Buddhist thought as preserved across Sanskrit, Chinese and Tibetan literature, as well as the boundaries and interactions between Buddhism and other religious traditions in India and elsewhere. (Personal Communication, September 2021]) (Personal Communication, September 2021]))
Bernert, C. + (Christian Bernert (MA) comes from Austria … Christian Bernert (MA) comes from Austria where he studied Tibetology at the University of Vienna until 2009. He embarked on the Buddhist path in 1999 under the guidance of Khenchen Amipa Rinpoche. Since 2001 he has been studying at IBA, where he currently works as language program coordinator and translator. Christian is a founding member of the Chödung Karmo Translation Group. ([https://conference.tsadra.org/past-event/the-2014-tt-conference/ Source Accessed Jul 20, 2020])His dissertation was published as a book-length translation: ''Perfect or Perfected? Rongtön on Buddha-Nature: A Commentary on the Fourth Chapter of the Ratnagotravibhāga'' (v v.1.27-95[a]). Kathmandu: Vajra Books, 2018.1.27-95[a]). Kathmandu: Vajra Books, 2018.)
Charrier, C. + (Christian Charrier holds a Masters degree … Christian Charrier holds a Masters degree in English and a diploma in psycholinguistics. He was a translator for Geshe Tengye in France, and he completed a three-year retreat under Lama Gendun Rinpoche in le Bost, France. He has been a translation consultant for Tsadra Foundation from 2002–2003 and has been a Tsadra Foundation Fellow since 2004.'''Current Projects as a Tsadra Foundation Fellow:''' *''Le Voyage et son but'', Jamgön Kongtrul*''La pratique des tantras bouddhistes'', Jamgön Kongtrul'''Completed Projects as a Tsadra Foundation Fellow:''' *''Marpa, maître de Milarépa, sa vie, ses chants'', Tsang Nyeun Hérouka*''Vie de Jamgœun Kongtrul, écrite par lui-même'', Jamgön Kongtrul*''L’Ondée de sagesse, Chants de la lignée Kagyu'', Karmapa Mikyeu Dorje, Tènpai Nyinjé*''Rayons de lune, Les étapes de la méditation du Mahamudra'', Dakpo Tashi Namgyal*''Au Coeur du ciel Vol I and II'', Pawo Rinpoche, the Eighth Karmapa Mikyö Dorje (from the English translation by Karl Brunnhölzl – ''The Centre of the Sunlit Sky'')*''Lumière de diamant'', de Dakpo Tashi Namgyal*''Mémoires: La Vie et l’œuvre de Jamgön Kongtrul'', by Jamgön Kongtrul, new edition*''Traité de la Continuité suprême du Grand Véhicule - Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra, avec le commentaire de Jamgön Kongtrul Lodreu Thayé L'Incontestable Rugissement du lion''. Plazac: Éditions Padmakara, 2019.*''Les Systèmes Philosophiques Bouddhistes'', Éditions Padmakara, 2020.'''Previously Published Translations:''' *''Kalachakra'', Dalai Lama*''La Roue aux lames acérées'', Dharmarakshita, commentary by Geshé Tengyé*''La Voie progressive vers l’éveil'', Jé Tsong Khapa ([http://tsadra-wp.tsadra.org/translators/christian-charrier/ Source: Tsadra.org])dra.org/translators/christian-charrier/ Source: Tsadra.org]))
Chos rje gling pa + (Chöje Lingpa, also known as Rokje Lingpa a … Chöje Lingpa, also known as Rokje Lingpa as well as several other names, was initially recognized as the rebirth of a Kagyu master by the Seventh Shamarpa and installed at Rechung Phuk, an institution named after Milarepa's disciple Rechungpa and the site where Tsangnyön Heruka wrote his famous biography of Milarepa. Though Chöje Lingpa he would become an important teacher to several important Kagyu hierarchs including the Karmapa and Shamarpa, he we also involved with several Nyingma masters, including the tertön Taksham Nuden Dorje who granted him prophecies and made him the steward of his treasures. He would become a prolific tertön in his own right and came to be considered the penultimate emanation of Gyalse Lhaje, prior to his rebirth as Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo.to his rebirth as Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo.)
Dahl, C. + (Cortland J. Dahl received a Ph.D. in Mind, … Cortland J. Dahl received a Ph.D. in Mind, Brain and Contemplative Science from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and also completed an MA degree in Buddhist Studies and Tibetan language at Naropa University. He has worked as an instructor at Kathmandu University's Center for Buddhist Studies, located in Kathmandu, as well as an interpreter for various lamas, including Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche and Yongey Mingyur Rinpoche. He currently serves as president of Tergar International and as a senior instructor in the Tergar Meditation Community. He lives with his wife and son in Madison, Wisconsin.th his wife and son in Madison, Wisconsin.)
Yates, J. + (Culadasa (John Yates, Ph.D.) is the direct … Culadasa (John Yates, Ph.D.) is the director of Dharma Treasure Buddhist Sangha in Tucson, Arizona and author of The Mind Illuminated: A Complete Meditation Guide Using Buddhist Wisdom and Brain Science (Dharma Treasure Press, October 6, 2015). A meditation master with over four decades of experience in the Tibetan and Theravadin Buddhist traditions, Culadasa was ordained as an Upasaka (dedicated lay-practitioner) in 1976 and received ordination in the International Order of Buddhist ministers in Rosemead, California in December 2009.His principle teachers were Upasaka Kema Ananda and the Venerable Jotidhamma Bhikkhu, both trained in the Theravadin and Tibetan Karma Kagyu traditions with lineage to the Venerable Ananda Bodhi (later recognized by the 16th Gyalwa Karmapa as the tulku Namgyal Rinpoche).For many years, Culadasa taught physiology and neuroscience and worked at the forefront of the new fields of complementary healthcare education, physical medicine, and therapeutic massage. His unique lineage allows Culadasa to provide his students with a broad and in-depth perspective on the Buddha Dharma. He combines the original teachings of the Buddha with an emerging, scientific understanding of the mind to give students a rich and rare opportunity for rapid progress and profound insight.In 1996, Culadasa retired from academia and moved with his wife Nancy into an old Apache stronghold in the southeastern Arizona wilderness to live a contemplative life and deepen their spiritual practice together. Culadasa leads retreats on his land in Arizona and across the United States. Source[http://culadasa.com/about/]ates. Source[http://culadasa.com/about/])
Nguyen, C. + (Cuong Tu Nguyen received his PhD from Harv … Cuong Tu Nguyen received his PhD from Harvard University (specializing in Indian Buddhism). His works on Vietnamese Buddhism include "Rethinking Vietnamese Buddhist History: Is the ''Then Uyen Tap Anh'' a 'Transmission of the Lamp Text'?" "Tran Thai Tong and Khoa Hu Lue: A Study of Syncretic Ch'an in 13th Century Vietnam," and ''Zen in Medieval Vietnam: A Study and Translation of the Thien Uyen Tap Anh.'' With A. Charles Muller he co-edited ''Wonhyo's Philosophy of Mind'', Volume II, (University of Hawai'i Press). He is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies at George Mason University.igious Studies at George Mason University.)
Martin, D. + (Currently a literary translator for The In … Currently a literary translator for The Institute of Tibetan Classics, Dan Martin completed his doctoral degree in Tibetan Studies with minors in Religious Studies and Anthropology at the Department of Central Eurasian Studies in 1991. He has taught courses as a Visiting Lecturer at Indiana, Hamburg, and Harvard Universities. He has held research positions in Bloomington, Oslo, and Jerusalem. His publications include over 30 articles as well as books entitled ''Mandala Cosmogony'', Harrassowitz (Wiesbaden 1994), ''Unearthing Bon Treasures'', Brill (Leiden 2001), and the bibliography ''Tibetan Histories'', Serindia (London 1997). His main areas of research fall within the realm of the cultural history of Tibet, from the tenth century to the twentieth. His interests are in Indian and Tibetan literature, medicine and religions, as well as Eurasian interconnections in the same fields. These days he is finalizing a translation of a 400-page history of Buddhism in India and Tibet composed in the late 13th century. ([https://iias.huji.ac.il/people/dan-martin Source Accessed Aug 3, 2020])e/dan-martin Source Accessed Aug 3, 2020]))
Stearns, C. + (Cyrus Stearns has twenty-seven years of ex … Cyrus Stearns has twenty-seven years of experience in the study of Tibetan language, literature, and religion. He has extensive experience in the translation of Tibetan Buddhist texts into English. From 1973 until 1987 he studied with the late Dezhung Tulku Rinpoche, and from 1985 until 1991 he studied with Chogye Trichen Rinpoche. During most of these years he was the principal translator for both teachers. Cyrus lived for about eight years Nepal, India, and Southeast Asia. He has often translated for Tibetan teachers of all traditions during public talks and seminars in the United States, Europe, and Southeast Asia.Cyrus was educated at the University of Alabama and received his PhD from the University of Washington in 1996. In 1985 Cyrus was the leader of the Smithsonian Institute's Associates Tour to Tibet and China, one of the first groups allowed into Tibet after many years of travel restriction by the Chinese government. He was a Tsadra Foundation fellow from 2003–2015. He is currently an independent scholar and translator and lives in the woods on Whidbey Island north of Seattle, Washington.'''Completed Projects as a Tsadra Foundation Fellow:'''*''King of the Empty Plain: The Tibetan Iron-Bridge Builder Tangtong Gyalpo'', Lochen Gyurmé Dechen*''Treasury of Esoteric Instructions: A Commentary on Virupa’s "Vajra Lines,"'' Lama Dampa Sönam Gyaltsen*''The Buddha from Dölpo: A Study of the Life and Thought of the Tibetan Master Dölpopa Sherab Gyaltsen'', rev. ed.*''Treasury of Esoteric Instructions'', Lama Dampa Sonam Gyaltsen, Virupa*''Song of the Road, The Poetic Travel Journal of Tsarchen Losal Gyatso'', Tsarchen Losel Gyatso'''Previously Published Books:'''*''The Buddha from Dolpo: A Study of the Life and Thought of the Tibetan Master Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen''*''Luminous Lives: The Story of the Early Masters of the Lam ’Bras Tradition in Tibet''*''Hermit of Go Cliffs: Timeless Instructions from a Tibetan Mystic'', Godrakpa*''Taking the Result as the Path: Core Teachings of the Sakya Lamdré Tradition'' ([http://tsadra-wp.tsadra.org/translators/cyrus-stearns/ Source Accessed March 29, 2019])-stearns/ Source Accessed March 29, 2019]))
Ermakov, D. + (DMITRY ERMAKOV was born in 1967 in Leningr … DMITRY ERMAKOV was born in 1967 in Leningrad, Soviet Union, and trained as a classical musician from the age of six. He was raised in a highly cultural environment, attending after-school classes on ancient history, mythology and art history at the prestigious Hermitage Museum. During his summer holidays he often participated in archaeological digs led by his aunt, the former Head of Archaeology at Kiev University. In 1987 Dmitry joined the University of Leningrad's expedition to Khakassia near the Tuvan (Tyvan) border to excavate Scythian Kurgans. This was his first trip to Siberia.His interest in Buddhism began in his childhood, with a book called Gods of the Lotus by Parfionov. The book details the author's trip to the Himalayas and it opened up a whole new world of deities and religions. Later, this interest was combined with martial arts based on Taoism and Zen philosophy, and Qi Gong, disciplines which were strictly forbidden in the Soviet Union. It was only with the coming of Perestroika in 1989 that Dmitry was able to meet Buddhist masters: receiving a blessing for the Lotus Sutra from a Japanese Zen master; and then teachings and initiations from a Tibetan Buddhist lamas: Bakula Rinpoche (1989), Khenchen Palden Sherab and Khenpo Tsewang Dongyal Rinpoches (1991), Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche (1992). In 1993 Dmitry moved to the UK and in 1995 he met the great Bönpo master Yongdzin Lopon Tenzin Namdak Rinpoche. He has been practising Yungdrung Bon and attending Yongdzin Rinpoche's teachings ever since.Dmitry first visited Buryatia in 1990 where he struck up a deep friendship with the Buddhist thangka-painter Batodalai Doogarov as well as with a several of the local bo and utgan shamans. Welcomed into their circle, Dmitry was able to gain unique insight into the Buryatian spiritual tradition of Bo Murgel, insight which developed into a detailed study of the similarities and differences between this ancient tradition and Yungdrung Bon. With the patient help of Yongdzin Rinpoche, Dmitry spent years researching a large anthology, Bo and Bon: Ancient Shamanic Traditions of Siberia and Tibet in their Relation to the Teachings of a Central Asian Buddha, (2008), which sheds new light on both traditions. Dmitry went on to study Tibetan at Oxford University with Prof. Charles Ramble (2009-2010) and, as well as having articles published in both English and Russian, has been invited to lecture in Oxford, London, St. Petersburg, Vilnius, Cagliari, Budapest etc. His knowledge of Tibetan brings a new level of scholarship to the books and transcripts he and his wife Carol produce for the international Bonpo sangha.Dmitry currently lives in the North Pennines, UK, where he works as a freelance translator. Alongside his work for the Bon tradition, he is currently composing pieces for a new fusion album.y composing pieces for a new fusion album.)
Boucher, D. + (Daniel Boucher's scholarly focus is Buddhi … Daniel Boucher's scholarly focus is Buddhist studies, particularly the early development of the cluster of Indian Buddhist movements called the Mahayana and their transmission to China in the first few centuries of the Common Era. His related interests include translation as a religious genre, with special focus on the earliest translations of Buddhist texts into Chinese; Buddhist Middle Indo-Aryan, particularly the role of Gandhari Prakrit in the earliest transmission of Buddhism to Central Asia and China; art historical, epigraphical, and archeological materials as sources for the study of religion; and history, theory, and methods in the academic study of religion. ([https://religious-studies.cornell.edu/daniel-boucher Source Accessed May 20, 2021])iel-boucher Source Accessed May 20, 2021]))
Ellerton, D. + (David Ellerton grew up in Denver, Colorado … David Ellerton grew up in Denver, Colorado, and took his first Shambhala Training level in 1995 after reading several of Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche’s books. A few years later he met Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche in Boulder and in 1999 participated in Seminary and Warriors Assembly. The following year he attended Kalapa Assembly. After a year on staff at Shambhala Mountain Center, he travelled with the Sakyong as a Continuity Kusung and Secretary (2001-2002). In 2004 he moved to Japan, where he taught English and continued his study of Japanese and Aikido, which he began practicing as an undergraduate student in Boulder.Upon returning to the United States he enrolled in [[Naropa University]]’s M.A. program in Indo-Tibetan Buddhism (Shedra Track), and began his study of Tibetan. During this time he received the Vajrayogini Abhisheka from the Sakyong. After graduating, he spent much of 2008 in both India and Nepal studying Tibetan and receiving commentary on the Uttaratantra Shastra at Pullahari Monastery. In 2008 he began a Ph.D. program in Religious Studies at [[University of California, Santa Barbara]]. He is currently a Ph.D. Candidate at UCSB and is conducting his dissertation research on Tibetan prophecy (lung bstan) at the [[Central University of Tibetan Studies]] in India. ([http://nalandatranslation.org/who-we-are/members/david-ellerton/ Source Accessed May 26, 2015])d-ellerton/ Source Accessed May 26, 2015]))
Kalupahana, D. + (David J. Kalupahana (1936–2014) was a Budd … David J. Kalupahana (1936–2014) was a Buddhist scholar from Sri Lanka. He was a student of the late K.N. Jayatilleke, who was a student of Wittgenstein. He wrote mainly about epistemology, theory of language, and compared later Buddhist philosophical texts against the earliest texts and tried to present interpretations that were both historically contextualized and also compatible with the earliest texts, and in doing so, he encouraged Theravadin Buddhists and scholars to reevaluate the legitimacy of later, Mahayana texts and consider them more sympathetically.Born in Galle District, Southern Sri Lanka, Kalupahana attended Mahinda College, Galle for his school education. He obtained his BA (Sri Lanka, 1959), Ph.D (London), and D. Litt (Hon. Peradeniya, Sri Lanka). He was Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Hawaii. He was assistant lecturer in Pali and Buddhist Civilization at the University of Ceylon, and studied Chinese and Tibetan at the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London where he completed a Ph.D. dissertation on the problem of causality in the Pali Nikayas and Chinese Agamas in 1966.He left the University of Ceylon (1972) to join the University of Hawaii, serving as the Chairman of the Department of Philosophy and Chairman of the Graduate Field in Philosophy (1974–80). He directed international intra-religious conferences on Buddhism, and on Buddhism and Peace.Many of his books are published and widely available in India (by Motilal Banarsidass and others), and therefore presumably have a fairly significant influence on the fields of Buddhism and Buddhist Studies in India and other nearby South Asian countries, such as his native Sri Lanka. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Kalupahana Source Accessed Apr 21, 2021])_Kalupahana Source Accessed Apr 21, 2021]))
Jackson, D. + (David P. Jackson received his doctorate in … David P. Jackson received his doctorate in 1985 from the University of Washington and studied and translated for many years in Seattle for the polymath Tibetan scholar Dezhung Rinpoche. Until 2007, he was a professor of Tibetan Studies at Hamburg University in Germany and is now a curator for the Rubin Museum of Art in New York. He is the author of numerous articles and books on Tibetan art, literature, and history, including ''A Saint in Seattle'', ''Tibetan Thangka Painting'', ''The Mollas of Mustang'', and ''Enlightenment by a Single Means''. He lives in Washington State. ([http://www.wisdompubs.org/author/david-p-jackson Source Accessed Oct 19, 2019])d-p-jackson Source Accessed Oct 19, 2019]))
Bruyat, C. + (Degree in English, teacher of French, prof … Degree in English, teacher of French, professional translator; completed two three-year retreats at Chanteloube, France, 1980–1985 and 1990–1993; founding member of Padmakara Translation Group. Tsadra Foundation Fellow since 2002.Declaring himself “methodical and particular” to the point of excess, Christian Bruyat is pleased that working with Tsadra allows him the extra time to try and do accurate translations. Coupled with this drive he has an “uncanny ability” to find translation errors “even when I read the works of others who are much more worthy than me, and are big scholars.” He does not mean to be arrogant or irritating, and attributes his knack to “some kind of karma with Tibetan …” Since at age five he informed his parents that he intended to marry a Japanese lady when he grew up—he married a Chinese woman instead—one might well agree that some sort of past-life Asian connection seems to be at play in Christian’s life.He has had the fortunate destiny to spend five years with Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche in Nepal and Bhutan. Appropriately enough, Dzogchen teachings are Christian’s favorite and most inspiring scriptural material, especially the works of Longchenpa, Patrul Rinpoche, and Mipham Rinpoche.Previously Published Translations • Le Chemin de la Grande Perfection, Patrul Rinpoché (and preliminary work on the draft of its English version, The Words of My Perfect Teacher, with Charles Hastings)'''Completed Projects as a Tsadra Foundation Fellow''' • Mahasiddhas, La vie de 84 sages de l’Inde, Abhayadatta (with Patrick Carré)• Le Précieux Ornement de la libération, Gampopa• Perles d’ambroisie (3 vols.), Kunzang Palden (with Patrick Carré)• Bodhicaryavatara, La Marche vers l’Éveil, Shantideva (with Patrick Carré)a Marche vers l’Éveil, Shantideva (with Patrick Carré))
Suvarṇadvīpa Dharmakīrti + (Dharmakirti (Skt. Suvarṇadvīpa Dharmakīrti … Dharmakirti (Skt. Suvarṇadvīpa Dharmakīrti; Tib. ཆོས་ཀྱི་གྲགས་པ་, Chökyi Drakpa, Wyl. chos kyi grags pa) or Dharmapala (Wyl. chos skyong) of Suvarnadvipa (b. 10th century) was the most important of Atisha's teachers. In Tibetan he is known simply as Serlingpa (Tib. གསེར་གླིང་པ་, Wyl. gser gling pa), literally 'the master from Suvarnadvipa'. Atisha is said to have stayed with him for twelve years receiving teachings on Lojong. ([https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Dharmakirti_of_Suvarnadvipa Source Accessed Jun 21, 2022])uvarnadvipa Source Accessed Jun 21, 2022]))
Dharmakṣema + (Dharmakṣema. (C. Tanwuchen; J. Donmusen; K … Dharmakṣema. (C. Tanwuchen; J. Donmusen; K. Tammuch'am 曇無讖 (385-433 CE). Indian Buddhist monk who was an early translator of Buddhist materials into Chinese. A scion of a brāhmaṇa family from India, Dharmakṣema became at the age of six a disciple of Dharmayaśas (C. Damoyeshe; J. Donmayasha) (d.u.), an Abhidharma specialist who later traveled to China c. 397–401 and translated the ''Śāriputrābhidharmaśāstra''. Possessed of both eloquence and intelligence, Dharmakṣema was broadly learned in both monastic and secular affairs and was well versed in mainstream Buddhist texts. After he met a meditation monk named "White Head" and had a fiery debate with him, Dharmakṣema recognized his superior expertise and ended up studying with him. The monk transmitted to him a text of the ''Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra'' written on bark, which prompted Dharmakṣema to embrace the Mahāyāna. Once he reached the age of twenty, Dharmakṣema was able to recite over two million words of Buddhist texts. He was also so skilled in casting spells that he earned the sobriquet "Great Divine Spell Master" (C. Dashenzhou shi). Carrying with him the first part of the ''Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra'' that he received from "White Head," he left India and arrived in the Kucha kingdom in Central Asia. As the people of Kucha mostly studied Hīnayāna and did not accept the Mahāyāna teachings, Dharmakṣema then moved to China and lived in the western outpost of Dunhuang for several years. Juqu Mengxun, the non-Chinese ruler of the Northern Liang dynasty (397–439 CE), eventually brought Dharmakṣema to his capital. After studying the Chinese language for three years and learning how to translate Sanskrit texts orally into Chinese, Dharmakṣema engaged there in a series of translation projects under Juqu Mengxun's patronage. With the assistance of Chinese monks, such as Daolang and Huigao, Dharmakṣema produced a number of influential Chinese translations, including the ''Dabanniepan jing'' (S. ''Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra''; in forty rolls), the longest recension of the sūtra extant in any language; the ''Jinguangming jing'' ("Sūtra of Golden Light"; S. ''Suvarṇaprabhāsottamasūtra''; in four rolls); and the ''Pusa dichi jing'' (S. ''Bodhisattvabhūmisūtra''; in ten rolls). He is also said to have made the first Chinese translation of the ''Laṅkāvatārasūtra'' (C. ''Ru Lengqie jing'', but his rendering had dropped out of circulation at least by 730 CE, when the Tang Buddhist cataloguer Zhisheng (700–786 CE) compiled the Kaiyuan Shijiao Lu. The Northern Wei ruler Tuoba Tao, a rival of Juqu Mengxun's, admired Dharmakṣema's esoteric expertise and requested that the Northern Liang ruler send the Indian monk to his country. Fearing that his rival might seek to employ Dharmakṣema's esoteric expertise against him, Juqu Mengxun had the monk assassinated at the age of forty-nine. Dharmakṣema's translation of Indian Buddhist texts into Chinese had a significant impact on Chinese Buddhism; in particular, the doctrine that all beings have the buddha-nature (''foxing''), a teaching appearing in Dharmakṣema's translation of the ''Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra'', exerted tremendous influence on the development of Chinese Buddhist thought. (Source: "Dharmakṣema." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 247–48. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Dharmarakṣita + (Dharmarakṣita is a c. 9th century Indian B … Dharmarakṣita is a c. 9th century Indian Buddhist credited with composing an important Mahayana text called the ''Wheel of Sharp Weapons'' (Tib. ''blo-sbyong mtshon-cha 'khor-lo''). He was the teacher of Atiśa, who was instrumental in establishing a second wave of Buddhism in Tibet.''Wheel of Sharp Weapons'' is an abbreviated title for ''The Wheel of Sharp Weapons Effectively Striking the Heart of the Foe''. This text is often referenced as a detailed source for how the laws of karma play out in our lives; it reveals many specific effects and their causes. A poetic presentation, the "wheel of sharp weapons" can be visualized as something we throw out or propel, which then comes back to cut us... something like a boomerang. In the same way, Dharmarakṣita explains, the non-virtuous causes we create through our self-interested behavior come back to 'cut us' in future lives as the ripening of the negative karma such actions create. This, he explains, is the source of all our pain and suffering. He admonishes that it is our own selfishness or self-cherishing that leads us to harm others, which in turn creates the negative karma or potential for future suffering. Our suffering is not a punishment, merely a self-created karmic result. In most verses, Dharmarakṣita also offers a suggested alternative virtuous or positive action to substitute for our previous non-virtuous behavior, actions that will create positive karma and future pleasant conditions and happiness.Despite the fact that ''Wheel of Sharp Weapons'' has come to be considered a Mahayana text, Dharmarakṣita is said to have subscribed to the Vaibhāṣika view. His authorship of the text is considered questionable by scholars for various reasons. [(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharmarak%E1%B9%A3ita_(9th_century) Source Accessed May 18, 2021])th_century) Source Accessed May 18, 2021]))
Dhongthog Rinpoche + (Dhongthog Rinpoche Tenpé Gyaltsen (Wyl. gd … Dhongthog Rinpoche Tenpé Gyaltsen (Wyl. gdong thog bstan pa’i rgyal mtshan) aka T.G. Dhongthog Rinpoche (1933-2015) was one of the foremost Tibetan Buddhist scholars of recent times, noted especially for his work as a historian, lexicographer and prolific author. From 1979 Rinpoche was based in Seattle, USA. He published a number of books in Tibetan and English, especially through the Sapan Institute, of which he was the founding-director.After being recognized as the fifth reincarnation of Jampal Rigpai Raldri by the Sakya Dagchen Ngawang Kunga Rinchen, Rinpoche studied Tibetan literature and Buddhist philosophy at Dzongsar Shedra. Before leaving Tibet in 1957, Rinpoche was the head teacher of Dhongthog Rigdrol Phuntsog Ling Monastery, Kardze, Tibet. Rinpoche served the Tibetan Government-in-Exile for 13 years before moving to the United States in 1979. In those 13 years, Rinpoche worked at the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives in Dharamsala and at Tibet House in New Delhi.He wrote several books, including The History of Sakyapa School of Tibetan Buddhism, The Cleansing Water-drops, The Earth Shaking Thunder of True Word, The History of Tibet, and New Light English-Tibetan Dictionary. In addition, he worked as a translator and editor on the Tibetan version of Sogyal Rinpoche's The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying and translated David Jackson's biography of Dezhung Rinpoche into Tibetan.Ven. Dhongthog Rinpoche passed away on the morning of 13th January, 2015 in Seattle, Washington.([http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Dhongthog_Rinpoche Source Accessed, April 10, 2015])Rinpoche Source Accessed, April 10, 2015]))
Khyentse, Dilgo + (Dilgo Khyentse Tashi Peljor was one of the … Dilgo Khyentse Tashi Peljor was one of the most prominent Nyingma lamas of the twentieth century, widely known also in the West. The mind reincarnation of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, his seat was Shechen Monastery, which he reestablished in Boudhanath, Nepal, in 1980. After fleeing the Communist takeover of Tibet, Dilgo Khyentse settled in Bhutan. A prolific author and treasure-revealer, his compositions are collected in twenty-five volumes. Although he received novice vows at age ten, he never fully ordained, living the life of a householder with wife and children. ([http://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Dilgo-Khyentse-Tashi-Peljor/P625 Source: Treasury of Lives])hi-Peljor/P625 Source: Treasury of Lives]))
Divākara + (Divākara (地婆訶羅, 613–87), or Rizhao (日照) in … Divākara (地婆訶羅, 613–87), or Rizhao (日照) in Chinese, was born in central India in the Brahmin Caste.He became a Monk when he was just a child, and he spent many years at the Mahābodhi Temple and the Nālandā Monastery. He was an accomplished Tripiṭaka master, excelled in the five studies and especially in Mantra practices.Already in his sixties, Divākara went to Chang-an (長安), China, in 676, the first year of the Yifeng (儀鳳) years of the Tang Dynasty (618–907).Emperor Gaozong (唐高宗) treated him as respectfully as he had treated the illustrious Tripiṭaka master Xuanzang.In 680, the first year of the Yonglong (永隆) years, the emperor commanded ten learned Monks to assist Divākara in translating sūtras from Sanskrit into Chinese.In six years Divākara translated eighteen sūtras, including the ''Sūtra of the Buddha-Crown Superb Victory Dhāraṇī'' (T19n0970), the ''Sūtra of the Great Cundī Dhāraṇī'' (T20n1077), and the ''Mahāyāna Sūtra of Consciousness Revealed'' (T12n0347).Longing to see his mother again, he petitioned for permission to go home.Unfortunately, although permission was granted, he fell ill and died in the twelfth month of 687, the third year of the Chuigong (垂拱) years, at the age of seventy-five.Empress Wu (武后則天) had him buried properly at the Xiangshan Monastery (香山寺) in Luoyang (洛陽).([http://www.chinabuddhismencyclopedia.com/en/index.php?title=Div%C4%81kara Source Accessed Aug 18, 2020])v%C4%81kara Source Accessed Aug 18, 2020]))
Joshi, S. + (Dr Shubhada Joshi has done her PHD in 'Lok … Dr Shubhada Joshi has done her PHD in 'Lokyata' a Critical Study with Specialization in Indian Philosophy, Ethics, Metaethics, Saint Philosophy and Bhakti, Inter-Cultural and Inter-Religious Philosophy, Philosophy of 19th century, Maharashtra. Being in the teaching profession spanning 37 years, she was the Head, Department of Philosophy, 1991-2005 and 2008-2014 University of Mumbai. She was instrumental in introducing 10 Certificate and Diploma courses started in the Department of Philosophy, to introduce various Philosophical traditions to people from all walks of life from 1996 onwards. ([https://in.bookmyshow.com/person/dr-shubhada-joshi/1080441 Source Accessed Jan 28, 2021])shi/1080441 Source Accessed Jan 28, 2021]))
Wenta, A. + (Dr. Aleksandra Wenta is Assistant Professo … Dr. Aleksandra Wenta is Assistant Professor in the School of Buddhist Studies, Philosophy and Comparative Religions. She was trained at Oxford University, Banaras Hindu University, and Jagiellonian University. She was fellow at the Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla (2012-2014) where she worked on the aesthetics of power in medieval Chidambaram. Her scholarly interests range from Buddhism in India and Tibet, through Sanskrit and history of Śaivism in Kashmir and South India, to the performance theories and emotions in pre-modern India. She is currently working on the history of the transmission of the esoteric Buddhist cult from India to Tibet. ([https://nalandauniv.edu.in/faculties/aleksandra-wenta/ Source Accessed Feb 11, 2021])ndra-wenta/ Source Accessed Feb 11, 2021]))
Chen, F. + (Dr. Frederick Shih-Chung Chen holds a DPhi … Dr. Frederick Shih-Chung Chen holds a DPhil degree in Oriental Studies from the University of Oxford and two MA degrees, in Oriental and African Religions and in the History and Culture of Medicine, respectively, from the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. He is a Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. In 2004-2005, he was a research fellow at the Institute of Oriental Studies, University of Tokyo, sponsored by the Bukkyō Dendō Kyōkai fellowship. After completing his DPhil degree, he was awarded Post-doctoral fellowships by the National Science Council of Taiwan R.O.C. and the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation of European Region during 2010-2012, to conduct his research project, The Early Formation of the Buddhist Otherworld Bureaucracy in Early Medieval China, at the Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford. He has published articles on related topics, which will eventually be collected in a planned book. Before arriving at IKGF, he was a researcher on the project, Buddhist Stone Inscriptions in China, at the Heidelberg Academy of Science and Humanities and a research associate at the Faculty of Archaeology, University of Oxford. Dr. Chen specializes in East Asian Buddhism and Chinese religions. He is also interested in the history of Chinese medicine and the history of knowledge transmission. His current research focuses on transcultural exchange between Buddhism and Chinese religions in the border areas of China during the early medieval and medieval periods. ([http://www.ikgf.uni-erlangen.de/people/index.shtml/frederick-chen.shtml Source Accessed May 26, 2020])sed May 26, 2020]))
Shiu, H. + (Dr. Henry Shiu is the Shi Wu De Professor … Dr. Henry Shiu is the Shi Wu De Professor in Chinese Buddhist Studies at Emmanuel College on Toronto, Canada. Dr. Shiu holds a Ph.D. from the University of Toronto (2006). He is currently a Sessional Lecturer in the Buddhism, Psychology, and Mental Health Program at New College; and Emmanuel College. Dr. Shiu’s teaching of Buddhist Contemplative Care represents a development of the principles of Engaged Buddhism. He brings expertise in the foundational areas that contribute to the Buddhist focus within Emmanuel’s Master of Pastoral Studies Program, including the foundational tenets and practices of Buddhism, Buddhist ethics, and Buddhist meditative traditions. As the coordinator of the Applied Buddhist Studies Initiative at Emmanuel College, he facilitated connections with the local and international Buddhist communities. His published research focuses on early Mahayana Buddhism and the transmission of Buddhism to China. He has recently completed articles about Buddhist women in the Chinese diaspora and about the construction of Buddhist pilgrimage sites in Canada. He is also the author of numerous scholarly works in Chinese, including his forthcoming book with Oxford University Press, ''The Cultural Interpretation of the Heart Sutra in India, China, and Tibet''. ([https://emmanuel.utoronto.ca/home/henry-shui/ Source Accessed June 1, 2020])henry-shui/ Source Accessed June 1, 2020]))
Rdzong sar blo gros phun tshogs + (Dr. Lodrö Phuntsok is the doctor in chief … Dr. Lodrö Phuntsok is the doctor in chief of the Tibetan hospital of Dzongsar, and a very active influence in the preservation of the medical and cultural heritage of Tibet.Lodrö Phuntsok began his studies of Tibetan medicine at the age of 16. He also studied Tibetan Buddhism, grammar, poetry, astrology, art, woodcraft, and sculpture. He has published books on Buddhism and medicine, and has written extensively about the history of Dzongsar monastery and the lives of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo and Jamyang Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö. Since 1983, he has been promoting community service projects such as environmental protection, medical care for the poor, and cultural preservation, and has introduced classes in traditional Tibetan handicrafts at Dzongsar shedra. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Doctor_Lodr%C3%B6_Puntsok Rigpa Wiki])tle=Doctor_Lodr%C3%B6_Puntsok Rigpa Wiki]))
Boord, M. + (Dr. Martin J. Boord (Rig-’dzin rdo-rje) A … Dr. Martin J. Boord (Rig-’dzin rdo-rje)As one of Rinpoche’s (Chimed Rigdzin Rinpoche?) senior students, Martin Boord is well known already to many people within the Khordong sangha.Visiting India and Nepal as a teenager in 1967, Martin became a devoted Buddhist and immediately embarked on the study of Sanskrit in order to read the original texts. Receiving teachings from many of the great Tibetan masters of all schools who had become settled in India following the takeover of their country by Chinese communists, he studied the doctrines of both sūtra and tantra. Over the years, he carefully surveyed the entire Buddhist Tripiṭaka with the lamas of Tibet before immersing himself fully in the guhyamantra practices of the Nyingma school under the guidance of H.H. Dudjom Rinpoche and Lama Khamtrul Yeshe Dorje, the renowned “weather man” of the Dalai Lama in Dharamsala. It was whilst on a pilgrimage with Yeshe Dorje to Sarnath in 1973 that Martin first met with the Khordong Terchen Tulku, Lama Chhimed Rigdzin, with whom he immediately began to form a close bond of attachment.Subsequently, Martin invited Lama Chhimed Rigdzin to Great Britain in order to inaugurate his new Dharma Centre, granting empowerments and teaching the Byang-gter Dorje Phurpa (Northern Treasures Vajrakīla) for the first time in the west.Later, moving from Europe back to India, this master and disciple together translated a number of Byang-gter texts, including hundreds of pages of Vajrakīla Sādhana (practice texts), which have remained the major focus of Martin’s life.Taking the Byang-gter Phurpa as his theme, Martin went on to study at the School of Oriental & African Studies at the University to London, for which he was awarded a BA in Religious Studies (Buddhism), followed by the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in 1992. His doctoral thesis was subsequently published as The Cult of the Deity Vajrakīla, by the Institute of Buddhist Studies, Tring, 1993.Having completed his studies at SOAS, he was awarded a scholarship from the Stein-Arnold Exploration Fund which enabled him to return to India in order to research the sacred geography of Sikkim, one of the seven “hidden lands” of Rigzin Godem. This work was eventually published in the Bulletin of Tibetology.Reading Sanskrit and Tibetan languages, as well as having studied Tibetan art for many years, Martin has acted as a consultant to the Ashmolean Museum, one of the oldest public museums in Europe, helping to identify and arrange their holdings of Tibetan cultural artefacts and paintings, and he continues to work on similar projects at different times when called to do so. The British Museum, for example, requested his assistance when they were offered a collection of Tibetan phurba for purchase, about which they had no specialist knowledge, and he has collaborated with the makers of documentary films for television, etc.Having spent many years developing his understanding of the Dharma in meditation retreats, in 1998 Martin was invited by Lama Chhimed Rigdzin Rinpoche to accompany him as an assistant teacher on his European Dharma tour, in order to give teachings on the Deity Vajrakīla as part of the Pfauenhof retreat in Germany. This was so successful that the invitation was repeated in the following years, so that Martin again gave Vajrakīla teachings in Berlin in 1999 and he accompanied Rinpoche to Oxford, Wales and Vienna in the year 2000, where he taught many aspects of the Vajrayāna path, as well as his special subject — the deity Vajrakīla. Since then Martin has given innumerable teachings on many aspects of the Byang-gter tradition, throughout Europe and the USA.He now lives and works in Oxford, pursuing his research interests with like-minded academics and Dharma practitioners at the Oriental Institute, reading manuscripts at the Indian Institute Library and working on an ad hoc basis as Academic Visitor with those studying for doctorates in Buddhist Studies, etc.In recent years, he has completed a translation of the most illustrious commentary on Phurba practice, known as The Black 100,000 Words (Phur ‘grel ‘bum nag). This important text is a report of a group retreat that was undertaken by the three masters, Padmasambhava, Vimalamitra and Silamanju, in Nepal in the 8th century. It was transmitted in Tibet by Padmasambhava to Yeshe Tsogyal and the translation of this text is now available from edition khordong (published 2002). He has also expanded his work on the Northern Treasures texts to include further research on the Hidden Lands of Rigzin Godem, as well as the ritual cycle of the Greatly Compassionate Avalokiteśvara. His text on the Byang-gter funeral ceremonies of Avalokiteśvara will shortly become available from Wandel Verlag.About events with Martin Boord please visit our Khordong website in english: http://www.khordong.de/alt/EnglSummary of Publications:Forthcoming (Editor) The Guhyagarbha Tantra and its Commentary Moonbeams, translated by Gyurme Dorje2017 A Cloudburst of Blessings The water initiation and other rites of empowerment for the practice of the Northern Treasures Vajrakīla. Vajrakīla Texts of the Northern Treasures Tradition, volume four. edition khordong im Wandel Verlag, berlin, 20172015 A Blaze of Fire in the Dark Homa rituals for the fulfilment of vows and the performance of deeds of great benefit. Vajrakīla Texts of the Northern Treasures Tradition, volume three. edition khordong im Wandel Verlag, berlin, 20152014 The Path of Secret Mantra: Teachings of the Northern Treasures Five NailsPema Tinley’s guide to vajrayāna practice. Explanation of Rigzin Godem’s Jangter Ngöndro Zer Nga (byang gter sngon ‘gro gzer lnga) according to the commentary by Rigzin Pema Tinley, translation and oral transmission by Khenpo Chowang, edited by Martin Boord. edition khordong at Wandel Verlag, Berlin, 20142013 Gathering the Elements. The Cult of the Wrathful Deity Vajrakila (Vajrakila Texts of the Northern Treasures Tradition, Volume One), revision and re-publishing of The Cult of the Deity Vajrakīla, 19932012 Illuminating Sunshine: Buddhist funeral rituals of Avalokiteśvara2011 Editor The Five Nails – A Commentary on the Northern Treasures Accumulation Praxis edition khordong by Wandel Verlag, Berlin 20112010 A Roll of Thunder from the Void  (Vajrakīla Texts of the Northern Treasures Tradition, Volume 2)2010 (Index) Jokhang: Tibet’s most sacred Buddhist temple, Edition Hansjorg Mayer2006 Meditations on the Great Guru Padmasambhava, Khordong Newsletter, Berlin2006 Entering the Maṇḍala Gates, Tiger’s Nest Dharma Diary for 2007, Sussex2005 Editor (Tibetan & Sanskrit) The Complete Tibetan Book of the Dead, translated by Gyurme Dorje, Penguin Books, London2003 A Bolt of Lightning From the Blue, edition khordong, Berlin2003 “The symbolism of the gCod drum, by ’Gyur-med blo-gsal” (English translation)  in Dzogchen Journal, London2003 “A Pilgrim’s Guide to the Hidden Land of Sikkim: Proclaimed as a Treasure by Rig-’dzin rgod-ldem” in Bulletin of Tibetology 39(1), Gangtok1999 (with Stephen Hodge) The Illustrated Tibetan Book of the Dead, Thorsons, London1998 A India, Pórtico do Norte Exhibition catalogue (contributor) Auditorio de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela1998 “Maṇḍala Meaning & Method: Ritual delineation of sacred space in tantric Buddhism” in Performance Research Vol.3, No.3, Winter 1998, Routledge/ARC, London1998 Editor (Tibetan) High Peaks, Pure Earth: Collected Writings on Tibetan History and Culture, by Hugh Richardson, Serindia Publications, London1998 East Asian Books, Tibetan MSS, Catalogue 19, Sam Fogg Rare Books, London1998 “Tibet” & “Mongolia” in Encyclopaedia of World Mythology, The Foundry Creative Media Company Limited, London1996 Manuscripts from the Himalayas and the Indian Subcontinent, Tibetan MSS, Catalogue 17, Sam Fogg Rare Books, London1996 (with Losang Norbu Tsonawa) Overview of Buddhist Tantra by Panchen Sonam Dragpa, Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, Dharamsala1996 Maṇḍala Meaning & Method, Kailash Editions, London (unpublished)1994 “Buddhism” in Sacred Space, edited by John Holm with Jean Bowker, Pinter Publishers, London, New York1993 The Cult of the Deity Vajrakīla (Buddhica Britannica Series Continua IV), The Institute of Buddhist Studies, Tring.  This book is re-published as Volume One of Vajrakila Texts of the Northern Treasures Tradition: Gathering the Elements. The Cult of the Wrathful Deity Vajrakila)1993 “Tibet and Mongolia” in World Mythology: The Illustrated Guide, Roy Willis, Simon & Schuster, LondonNOTE from Martin: Over the years I have had many book reviews published in The Middle Way (journal of the Buddhist Society, London) and other such journals and, of course, I did a fair amount of work with C.R. Lama, the details of which I have forgotten. These include::Padmasambhava’s teachings on the downfalls of tobacco:The Dragon Roar that fulfills all wishes (Protector text):The Violent Storm of Meteoric Vajras (sādhana of rDo rje gro lod):A Gentle Rainfall of Honey (sādhana of Guru mTshan brgyad)([https://www.wandel-verlag.de/en/dr-martin-j-boord-rig-dzin-rdo-rje/ Source: Wandel Verlag Berlin Accessed July 1, 2021])dzin-rdo-rje/ Source: Wandel Verlag Berlin Accessed July 1, 2021]))
Salvini, M. + (Dr. Mattia Salvini obtained a BA and MA Sa … Dr. Mattia Salvini obtained a BA and MA Sanskrit from RKM Vivekānanda College Chennai, India, and a PhD in Buddhist Studies from the School of Oriental and African Studies (London). He was also part of two research projects on Vāstuśāstra, in teams headed by Prof. Adam Hardy (Cardiff University).His main research interests are: Buddhist philosophy as expressed in Sanskrit, and especially Madhyamaka; the relationship between philosophy and vyākaraṇa; the relationship between Madhyamaka, Yogācāra, and non-Mahāyāna Abhidharma; Buddhist Sūtras in Sanskrit and Tibetan; Vāstuśāstra; Buddhist kāvya.During his stay in India and Nepal, Mattia had the opportunity to study with Prof. Rāṁśaṅkar Tripāṭhī, and has learnt from several Tibetan Buddhist masters, especially Ayang Rinpoche, Lama Gelong Tsultrim Gyaltsen, Lama Rinchen Phuntsok, and others.Mattia has taught in Nepal (Rangjung Yeshe Institute), Thailand (Mahidol University), and, as visiting professor, Taiwan (Hua Fan University) and Germany (Hamburg University, as a Numata Visiting Professor), and has offered occasionally lectures and reading sessions in UK (Oxford University), Malaysia (Than Hsiang, Brickfields Mahāvihāra, MyBA), Japan (Kyoto University), India (Ashoka University, Delhi University) and mainland China. ([http://ibc.ac.th/en/Mattia-Salvini Source Accessed Sep 8, 2021])ttia-Salvini Source Accessed Sep 8, 2021]))
Tinti, P. + (Dr. Paola Tinti works as Head of Fundraisi … Dr. Paola Tinti works as Head of Fundraising at one of the oldest business schools in the UK, among an elite group of business schools holding triple-accredited status from the leading UK, European and US accrediting bodies.Her volunteering experience includes supporting a Sailability group, part of a national programme enabling people with disabilities to access sailing. She did this both on the water and through fundraising advice and even managed to secure the donation of a sailing boat! She has also volunteered her professional knowledge as advisor to the Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies, part of the University of Oxford.Paola is originally from Italy and holds a DPhil in Oriental Studies. She is a keen traveller and a transoceanic yachtswoman. She loves all things Japanese and is mad about dogs, especially chocolate Labradors. ([https://www.encephalitis.info/paola-tinti Source Accessed Aug 25, 2021])paola-tinti Source Accessed Aug 25, 2021]))
Sasaki, S. + (Dr. Shizuka Sasaki is a Professor of India … Dr. Shizuka Sasaki is a Professor of Indian Buddhism at Hanazono University. His research focuses on Indian Buddhist monasticisms, history of Mahayana Buddhism, Buddhist philosophy, and the relationship between Buddhism and science. A recognized authority in these areas, Sasaki’s publications include a celebrated series of eight articles "Buddhist Sects in the Asoka Period" (1989-1999) and "A Study of the Origin of Mahayana Buddhism" (1997). ([https://frogbear.org/panelists-buddhism-and-business/ Source Accessed May 20, 2020])d-business/ Source Accessed May 20, 2020]))
Heine, S. + (Dr. Steven Heine is Professor of Religious … Dr. Steven Heine is Professor of Religious Studies and History as well as Director of Asian Studies at Florida International University. He specializes in East Asian and comparative religions, Japanese Buddhism and intellectual history, Buddhist studies, and religion and social sciences. Dr. Heine earned his B.A. at the University of Pennsylvania and M.A. and Ph.D. at Temple University. Before coming to FIU in 1997, he taught at Pennsylvania State University and directed the East Asian Studies center there. Professor Heine teaches a variety of courses including Modern Asia and Methods in Asian Studies at graduate and undergraduate levels as well as Japanese culture and religion, Zen Buddhism, Ghosts, spirits and folk religions, religions of the Silk Road, and other aspects of Asian society.Dr. Heine was a Fulbright Senior Researcher in Japan and twice won National Endowment for Humanities Fellowships plus funding from the American Academy of Religion and Association for Asian Studies in addition to the US Department of Education, the Japan Foundation and Freeman Foundation. He has conducted research on Zen Buddhism in relation to medieval and modern society primarily at Komazawa University in Tokyo. Heine has lectured there institutions in addition to Brown, Cambridge, Columbia, Emory, Florida, Free University, Harvard, Hawaii, Iowa, London, North Carolina, McGill, Ohio State, Oslo, Princeton, Pennsylvania, Stanford, UCLA, Yale, Zurich and many other conferences and institutions. He was chair of the national Japanese Religions Group and the Sacred Space in Asia Group, and he is editor of Japan Studies Review and a former book review editor for Japan for Philosophy East and West published by the University of Hawaii Press.Dr. Heine’s research specialty is medieval East Asian religious studies, especially the transition of Zen Buddhism from China to Japan. In addition to 100 articles in peer-reviewed journals and outstanding edited volumes, he has published thirty-five books, both monographs and edited volumes. Over a dozen of his books have been reviewed or noted in such publications as CHOICE, Chronical of Higher Education, Booklist, Library Journal, or Times Literary Supplement, in addition to multiple reviews in various academic journals or professional outlets.The most recent books include ''From Chinese Chan to Japanese Zen: A Remarkable Century of Transmission and Transformation'' (Oxford); ''Zen and Material Culture'' (Oxford); ''Chan Rhetoric of Uncertainty in the Blue Cliff Record: Sharpening the Sword at the Dragon's Gate'' (Oxford); ''Zen Koans'' (Hawaii); ''Like Cats and Dogs: Contesting the Mu Kōan in Zen Buddhism'' (Oxford); ''Dōgen and Sōtō Zen: New Perspectives'' (Oxford); ''Dōgen: Textual and Historical Studies'' (Oxford); and ''Sacred High City, Sacred Low City: A Tale of Sacred Sites in Two Tokyo Neighborhoods'' (Oxford). Three books are forthcoming in 2020: ''Readings of Dōgen’s Treasury of the True Dharma Eye'' (Columbia); ''Flowers Blooming on a Withered Tree: Giun's Verse Comments on Dōgen's Shōbōgenzō'' (Oxford); ''Creating the World of Chan/ Sǒn /Zen: Chinese Chan Buddhism and its Spread throughout East Asia''.Other books include ''Zen Skin, Zen Marrow: Will the Real Zen Buddhism Please Stand Up?'' (Oxford); ''Did Dōgen Go to China? What He Wrote and When He Wrote It'' (Oxford); ''Opening a Mountain: Kōans of Zen Masters'' (Oxford); ''Shifting Shape, Shaping Text: Philosophy and Folklore in the Fox Kōan'' (Hawaii); ''The Zen Poetry of Dōgen: Verses From the Mountain of Eternal Peace'' (Tuttle); ''Dōgen and the Kōan Tradition: A Tale of Two Shōbōgenzō Texts'' (SUNY); ''Existential and Ontological Dimensions of Time in Heidegger and Dōgen'' (SUNY); ''The Zen Canon: Studies of Classic Zen Texts'' (Oxford). His book ''White Collar Zen: Using Zen Principles to Overcome Obstacles and Achieve Your Career Goals'' (Oxford) was reviewed by the Harvard Business School, USA Today, and the Washington Post. For more detailed information on his books, please see [https://asian.fiu.edu/about/director/books/ here]. ([https://asian.fiu.edu/about/director/ Source Accessed Jan 17, 2020])t/director/ Source Accessed Jan 17, 2020]))
Drupa Rinpoche, 7th + (Drupa Rinpoche Lobsang Yeshi who is 7th in … Drupa Rinpoche Lobsang Yeshi who is 7th in the lineage of Drupa Rinpoches, is the head of Drupa Monastery in Kham, Eastern Tibet. The present Drupa Rinpoche was born in India and recognized by His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama in the year of 1988 as the reincarnation of 6th Drupa Rinpoche Shedrup Tenpai Gyaltsen.Drupa Rinpoche joined Drepung Loselling Monastery in 1988 and completed his monastic studies by receiving his Geshe degree in 2005. Rinpoche is tri-lingual (Tibetan, English and Hindi) which enabled him to successfully pursue a Bachelor in Psychology (Hons) degree from HELP University, Malaysia and thereafter, a Master of Science in Positive Psychology (MSPP) from Life University, GA, USA. Rinpoche presented his research paper titled “Are materialism and spirituality two sides of the happiness coin? A mixed-methods study” at the 31st International Congress of Psychology (ICP), Yokohama, Japan. Rinpoche has been inducted as a member of Psy Chi, the International Honor Society in Psychology. ([https://www.khacholing.org/w/teachers/drupa-rinpoche-lobsang-yeshi-bio/ Source Accessed Oct 28, 2021])-yeshi-bio/ Source Accessed Oct 28, 2021]))
Dudjom Sangye Pema Shepa Rinpoche + (Dudjom Sangye Pema Shepa (1990-2022) was t … Dudjom Sangye Pema Shepa (1990-2022) was the head of the Dudjom Tersar tradition and a reincarnation of [[Dudjom Jikdral Yeshe Dorje]] who resided mainly in Tibet and Nepal.See the official [https://www.dudjominternationalfoundation.com Dudjom International Foundation website] for more:Also see [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Dudjom_Sangye_Pema_Shepa_Rinpoche the Rigpa Wiki Entry]Dudjom Rinpoche III first traveled to the west in 2018 and visited the United States of America and Canada. (He bestowed the entire Dudjom Tersar cycle of empowerments at Pema Osel Ling in California in 2018.) In 2019 he made his first trip to Spain, Switzerland, France, and Russia and took leadership of a Dudjom center in Valencia, Spain. Up until 2018, Dudjom Rinpoche III had passed his time devoutly focused on practicing and training in Tibet and Nepal. All of this happened under the close supervision of Chatral Sangye Dorje who personally taught him to read and write. It was Chatral who instructed Dudjom Yangsi to undertake a traditional three-year retreat at the famous hermitage of Gangri Tokar in Tibet, which he began in 2008 and completed in 2011. Dudjom Rinpoche III has visited many of the most important Buddhist pilgrimage sites in Tibet, China, Nepal, Spiti and Bhutan. His principal seats are in Nepal and Tibet. ([https://www.dudjominternationalfoundation.com/hh-dudjom-rinpoche-iii-sangye-pema-shepa/ Source Accessed Feb 18, 2022])'''Official Statement on the passing of His Holiness the 3rd Dudjom Rinpoche from [http://www.dunzhuxinbaozang.com/ Dudjom Labrang]:'''Attention all sublime beings spreading and upholding the precious Buddhadharma, the general sangha, and in particular all students in monasteries and Dharma centers of the New Treasures of Düdjom: As everyone knows, the one whose name is hard to say except for good reason, His Holiness Düdjom Rinpoche Sangyé Pema Shepa, never had any kind of sickness from the time he was young up until now. On the evening of the Tibetan 13th he said, “Tomorrow I want to rest and relax. Please all of you be quiet and take care.” Then he went into his bedroom. At that time there was nothing out of the ordinary. The next day, the 14th day of the 12th month of the Tibetan Iron Ox year, when going to call him for his morning tea and breakfast, totally unbelievably, he had passed into parinirvana, to benefit other beings.From the perspective of disciples who grasp to permanence, it seems the external appearance of his rüpakaya, his precious form body, has subsided into the great expanse of primordially pure inner space. Right now, his radiant countenance has not declined at all, and he is resting in meditation.Later, once his meditation releases, his precious kaya will be taken to Zheyu Monastery (Xie Wu Temple) and there, for forty-nine days, Dorsem Lama Chödpa (''Offering to the Lama as Vajrasattva'') will be offered to fully perfect his wisdom intentions such that there will be no obstacles for traversing the grounds and paths, and his transcendence state of realization will be completely perfected without any hindrance.For all his vast intentions for the teachings of Buddha and sentient beings to be accomplished, in India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim, Tibet and countries all over the world, Düdjom Tersar monasteries and all students should please practice guru yoga, the rituals of Lama Chödpa and so on and perform as much virtuous activity as possible to fulfill his wisdom intentions, along with making vast prayers and aspirations.All those left behind in the Düdjom Labrang are making this earnest request.m Labrang are making this earnest request.)
Bhattacharya, D. + (Durga Mohan Bhattacharya was an Indian sch … Durga Mohan Bhattacharya was an Indian scholar of Sanskrit. He had served as a professor of Sanskrit at the Scottish Church College in Calcutta.He was a key figure in reviving many manuscripts of the Paippalāda-Saṃhitā and its ancillary literature like the Āṅgirasakalpa after painstaking search over years in Orissa and south-west Bengal. Durgamohan Bhattacharya's discovery of a living tradition of the Paippalāda-Saṃhitā, unknown until then, was hailed in the Indological world as epoch making. Ludwig Alsdorf went so far as to say that it was the greatest event in Indology. Bhattacharya died in 1965 leaving his edition of the text incomplete. This task was completed by his son Dipak, whose critical edition of the first 18 kāṇḍas was published by the Asiatic Society, Calcutta in three volumes in 1997, 2008 and 2011.'''Early Life''' In the early 1900 he with other members of his family, migrated to Sahanagar, Lalbag in the district of Murshidabad. The family was poor and could not send its young children to an English medium school. His early education was derived from tols and chatuspathis, where the main subjects taught were Bengali and Sanskrit, the medium of education primarily being Bengali. Durgamohan was an exceptionally brilliant student and by the year 1915 he had appeared at several Sanskrit Upadhi examinations and topped the list of candidates for the several examinations on Sanskrit conducted by the Government of Bengal. He acquired the highest degrees in Kavya, Sankhya and Purana and got the title of Bhagavataratna.Durgamohan with his widowed mother (Sarada) and only younger brother moved to his maternal uncle's house in Calcutta. Coming to know about the keen desire of Durgamohan to study English, his senior maternal uncle took him to Suresh Chandra Kundu, then the headmaster of Town School, Calcutta, an institution of great reputation. It was an immense task for Durgamohan to achieve as he had already reached the age of 16 and he was required to complete the normal course of ten years in a single year. He successfully completed the task and in 1917 he sat for the Entrance Examination of the University of Calcutta and was declared successful, obtaining a place in the First Division of successful candidates.The Intermediate Examination (F.A.) was achieved in 1919 at the Vidyasagar College, the B.A. Examination with a First Class honours Degree in Sanskrit from the Scottish Church College was gained in 1921 and the master's degree in Sanskrit was obtained in 1923 from the University of Calcutta.'''Career''' After completing his studies in the University, Durgamohan decided to take up the educational line as his field of activities. Having served as a Professor of Sanskrit in the Narasinha Dutt College of Howrah for some time, he joined the Scottish Church College as a professor of Sanskrit and Bengali and eventually became the head of the department of Sanskrit in the early thirties. In 1952 he was inducted in the West Bengal Senior Educational Service as Professor of Vedic Language, Literature and Culture in the Postgraduate Training and Research Department of the Sanskrit College, which position he occupied till the date of his death.He used to be invited by learned societies like the Asiatic Society of Bengal, the Asiatic Society of Bombay, the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, and others to deliver talks on specific topics particularly the Vedas. He was awarded gold medals by the Asiatic Societies for his services in the field of Sanskrit.'''Work on Paippalāda-Saṃhitā''' He had come to infer from many sources that of the four Vedas, the Atharva Veda and its practice had not become extinct in India as many scholars of repute used to hold and propagate. To prove his conviction in this regard he visited a large number of places all over India, and, ultimately a few years before his death, he was able to locate a place in Orissa, Guhiapal to be precise where he found the Atharva Veda to be actively practiced and there he discovered several Oriya manuscripts in which the Paippalāda-Saṃhitā, one of the nine versions of the Atharva Veda was faithfully reproduced. The discovery was made known to the world and the belief about the extinction of the practice of Atharva Veda was proved incorrect. He was hailed for his painstaking effort and perseverance in the unearthing of the Paippalāda-Saṃhitā as an epoch making discovery.He started serious work on the Paippalāda-Saṃhitā, and publications also started which received acclamations from scholars all over the world. But unfortunately Durgamohan fell ill with cancer and died on 12 November 1965. His task was completed by his son Dipak Bhattacharya whose critical edition of the first 18 kāṇḍas published by the Asiatic Society, Calcutta came out in three volumes in 1997, 2008 and 2011. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durga_Mohan_Bhattacharyya Adapted from Source Mar 25, 2022])Durga_Mohan_Bhattacharyya Adapted from Source Mar 25, 2022]))
Dzigar Kongtrul, 2nd + (Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche (b.1964) — the pr … Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche (b.1964) — the present Dzigar Kongtrul, Jigme Namgyel (འཛི་སྒར་ཀོང་སྤྲུལ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་, Wyl. 'dzi sgar kong sprul 'jigs med rnam rgyal), was born in Northern India, shortly before the Tibetan community settlement at Bir was established by his father, the third Neten Chokling Rinpoche. When Rinpoche was just nine years old, his father passed away. Soon after this His Holiness Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche recognized him as an emanation of Jamgön Kongtrul the Great and His Holiness the 16th Karmapa confirmed this. He was soon enthroned at Chokling Gompa in Bir.Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche grew up in a monastic environment and received extensive training in all aspects of Buddhist doctrine. In particular, he received the teachings of the Nyingma lineage, especially those of the Longchen Nyingtik, from his root teacher, His Holiness Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche. Rinpoche also studied extensively under Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, Nyoshul Khen Rinpoche, and the great scholar Khenpo Rinchen.Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche then moved to the United States in 1989 with his family and began a five-year tenure as a professor of Buddhist philosophy at Naropa University (then Institute) in 1990. Not long after arriving in the United States, he founded Mangala Shri Bhuti, an organization dedicated to furthering the practice of the Longchen Nyingtik lineage. He established a mountain retreat centre, Longchen Jigme Samten Ling, in southern Colorado, where he spends much of his time in retreat and guides students in long-term retreat practice.Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche's students include Pema Chödrön, the best-selling buddhist author, his wife Elizabeth Mattis-Namgyel, and his son Dungse Jampal Norbu. He is also an avid painter in the abstract expressionist tradition. ([https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Dzigar_Kongtrul_Rinpoche Source Accessed Dec 11, 2020])ul_Rinpoche Source Accessed Dec 11, 2020]))
'jam dbyangs mkhyen brtse chos kyi blo gros + (Dzongsar Khyentse Chokyi Lodro was one of … Dzongsar Khyentse Chokyi Lodro was one of the most influential religious teachers in Kham in the first half of the twentieth century. One of multiple reincarnations of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, he served as head of Dzongsar Monastery, which he enlarged, founding the monastic college, Khamshe, in 1918. Chokyi Lodro fled Kham in 1955 during the Communist takeover of Tibet, settling in Sikkim, where he passed away in 1959. ([http://www.treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Jamyang-Khyentse-Chokyi-Lodro/9990 Source: Treasury of Lives]). Also see his collected works at [https://khyentselineage.tsadra.org/index.php/%27jam_dbyangs_mkhyen_brtse_chos_kyi_blo_gros Tsadra Foundation's Khyentse Lineage webiste] and the translations of his texts at [https://www.lotsawahouse.org/tibetan-masters/jamyang-khyentse-chokyi-lodro/ Lotsawa House].ang-khyentse-chokyi-lodro/ Lotsawa House].)
Dōgen + (Dōgen Zenji (道元禅師; 19 January 1200– 22 Sep … Dōgen Zenji (道元禅師; 19 January 1200– 22 September 1253), also known as Dōgen Kigen (道元希玄), Eihei Dōgen (永平道元), Kōso Jōyō Daishi (高祖承陽大師), or Busshō Dentō Kokushi (仏性伝東国師), was a Japanese Buddhist priest, writer, poet, philosopher, and founder of the Sōtō school of Zen in Japan.Originally ordained as a monk in the Tendai School in Kyoto, he was ultimately dissatisfied with its teaching and traveled to China to seek out what he believed to be a more authentic Buddhism. He remained there for five years, finally training under Tiantong Rujing, an eminent teacher of the Chinese Caodong lineage. Upon his return to Japan, he began promoting the practice of zazen (sitting meditation) through literary works such as ''Fukan zazengi'' and ''Bendōwa''.He eventually broke relations completely with the powerful Tendai School, and, after several years of likely friction between himself and the establishment, left Kyoto for the mountainous countryside where he founded the monastery Eihei-ji, which remains the head temple of the Sōtō school today.Dōgen is known for his extensive writing including his most famous work, the collection of 95 essays called the ''[[Shōbōgenzō]]'', but also ''Eihei Kōroku'', a collection of his talks, poetry, and commentaries, and ''Eihei Shingi'', the first Zen monastic code written in Japan, among others. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen Source Accessed Jan 9, 2020])i/D%C5%8Dgen Source Accessed Jan 9, 2020]))
Gruber, E. + (ELMAR R. GRUBER, PhD, was born in Vienna, … ELMAR R. GRUBER, PhD, was born in Vienna, Austria, in 1955. He is a psychologist, an independent scholar and freelance popular-science writer, as well as a scientific advisor for radio and television in Europe. He is the author of twenty books that have been published in fifteen languages throughout the world. A longtime practitioner of Tibetan Buddhism, he is a student of Drikung Chetsang Rinpoche.is a student of Drikung Chetsang Rinpoche.)
Franco, E. + (Eli Franco (born June 19, 1953 in Tel Aviv … Eli Franco (born June 19, 1953 in Tel Aviv ) is an Israeli Indologist. He received his BA in Philosophy and Jewish Philosophy from the University of Tel Aviv in 1976, the Diplôme de l' Ecole des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales in 1978, Paris, and the Doctorat 3e cycle from the Université de Paris X and L'Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes in 1980. Since 2004 he has held the chair for Indology at the Institute for Indology and Central Asian Studies at the University of Leipzig, Germany. Among his writings include: ''Perception, Knowledge and Disbelief: A Study of Jayarāśi's Skepticism'' (Franz Steiner Verlag Wiesbaden, 1987), ''Dharmakīrti on Compassion and Rebirth'' (Arbeitskreis für Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien, Universität Wien, 1997), ''The Spitzer Manuscript: The Oldest Philosophical Manuscript in Sanskrit'' (Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2004), and (with Miyako Notake) ''Dharmakīrti on the Duality of the Object: Pramāṇavārttika III, 1 - 63'' (Lit Verlag, 2014). ([https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli_Franco Adapted from Source July 20, 2019])Franco Adapted from Source July 20, 2019]))
Guarisco, E. + (Elio was born in Varese, Italy, on 5 Augus … Elio was born in Varese, Italy, on 5 August 1954 and grew up in Como. He studied art and received a Master of Arts before traveling to India to study Buddhism. On his return from India he moved to Switzerland, where for ten years he learned Tibetan language and Buddhist philosophy under one of the Dalai Lama’s philosophical advisors. Elio joined the Dzogchen community in 1986, when he received teachings from Chögyal Namkhai Norbu for the first time.Invited by the late Kalu Rinpoche, Elio spent almost twenty years in India working on the large encyclopedia on Indo-Tibetan knowledge known as Shes bya kun khyab (Myriad Worlds,Buddhist Ethics, Systems of Buddhist Tantra, The Elements of Tantric Practice) authored by Kongtrul the Great, published in separate volumes by Snow Lion Publications. During this time Elio continued to actively collaborate with the Dzogchen Community and especially with the Shang Shung Institute in Italy, of which he is a founding member.Elio has worked on various translations for the Shang Shung Institute in Italy, including several books by Chögyal Namkhai Norbu relating to Tibetan medicine. He has completed several levels of the Santi Maha Sangha training, and became an authorized teacher of the base, first, and second level. Since 2003, Elio has been one of the three principal translators for the Ka-ter project of the Shang Shung Institute of Austria. Aside from serving as instructor for the Training for Translators from Tibetan program, he also works for the Dzogchen Tantra Translation Project. ([http://skyjewel.org/ Source Accessed March 26, 2020])ewel.org/ Source Accessed March 26, 2020]))
Prophet, E. + (Elizabeth Clare Prophet (née: Wulf, a.k.a. … Elizabeth Clare Prophet (née: Wulf, a.k.a. Guru Ma) (April 8, 1939 – October 15, 2009) was an American spiritual leader, author, orator, and writer. In 1963 she married Mark L. Prophet (after ending her first marriage), who had founded The Summit Lighthouse in 1958. Mark and Elizabeth had four children. Elizabeth, after her second husband's death on February 26, 1973, assumed control of The Summit Lighthouse.In 1975 Prophet founded Church Universal and Triumphant, which became the umbrella organization for the movement, and which she expanded worldwide. She also founded Summit University and Summit University Press. In the late 1980s Prophet controversially called on her members to prepare for the possibility of nuclear war at the turn of the decade, encouraging them to construct fallout shelters. In 1996, Prophet handed day-to-day operational control of her organization to a president and board of directors. She maintained her role as spiritual leader until her retirement due to health reasons in 1999.During the 1980s and 1990s Prophet appeared on Larry King Live, Donahue and Nightline, among other television programs. Earlier media appearances included a feature in 1977 in "The Man Who Would Not Die," an episode of NBC's In Search Of... series. She was also featured in 1994 on NBC's Ancient Prophecies. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Clare_Prophet Source accessed March 11, 2020])e_Prophet Source accessed March 11, 2020]))
Pearlman, E. + (Ellen Pearlman has been a Buddhist practit … Ellen Pearlman has been a Buddhist practitioner for over 30 years under Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche and has studied with Buddhist teachers in India, Sikhim, Burma, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Europe, Latin America, and North America. She lives in Brooklyn, New York. Source: ([https://www.scribd.com/author/229965933/Ellen-Pearlman# SCRIBD])/author/229965933/Ellen-Pearlman# SCRIBD]))
McRae, E. + (Emily McRae is an Assistant Professor of P … Emily McRae is an Assistant Professor of Philosophy at the University of New Mexico. She specializes in Tibetan Buddhist philosophy, ethics, moral psychology, and feminism. She has published articles on issues in comparative moral psychologyin both Western and Asian philosophical journals and volumes, including ''American Philosophy Quarterly'', ''History of Philosophy Quarterly'', ''Journal of Religious Ethics'', ''Philosophy East and West'', and ''The Oxford Handbook of Buddhist Ethics''. Her translation, with Jay Garfield, of the nineteenth-century Tibetan master Patrul Rinpoche's ''Essential Jewel of Holy Practice'' has been published by Wisdom Publications (2017). She has also coedited, with Dr. George Yancy, a volume entitled ''Buddhism and Whiteness: Critical Reflections'' (Lexington Books, 2019). (Adapted from Source: [https://research.tsadra.org/index.php/Ethics_without_Self,_Dharma_without_Atman Ethics without Self, Dharma without Atman])thics without Self, Dharma without Atman]))
Greene, E. + (Eric Greene is Assistant Professor of Reli … Eric Greene is Assistant Professor of Religious Studies. He received his B.A. in Mathematics from Berkeley in 1998, followed by his M.A. (Asian Studies) and Ph.D. (Buddhist Studies) in 2012. He specializes in the history of medieval Chinese Buddhism, particularly the emergence of Chinese forms of Buddhism from the interaction between Indian Buddhism and indigenous Chinese culture. Much of his recent research has focused on Buddhist meditation practices, including the history of the transmission on Indian meditation practices to China, the development of distinctly Chinese forms of Buddhist meditation, and Buddhist rituals of confession and atonement. He is currently writing a book on the uses of meditative visionary experience as evidence of sanctity within early Chinese Buddhism. In addition to these topics, he has published articles on the early history of Chan (Zen) Buddhism, Buddhist paintings from the Silk Roads, and the influence of modern psychological terminology on the Western interpretation of Buddhism. He is also presently working on a new project concerning the practice of translation - from Indian languages to Chinese - in early Chinese Buddhism. He teaches undergraduate classes on Buddhism in East Asia, Zen Buddhism, ritual in East Asian Buddhism, and mysticism and meditation in Buddhism and East Asia, and graduate seminars on Chinese Buddhist studies and Chinese Buddhist texts. After completing his Ph.D. in 2012, Eric took a position at the University of Bristol (UK), where he taught East Asian Religions until coming to Yale in 2015. ([https://religiousstudies.yale.edu/people/eric-greene Source Accessed July 21, 2020])ed July 21, 2020]))
Cho, E. + (Eun-su Cho (趙恩秀) is a professor of Buddhis … Eun-su Cho (趙恩秀) is a professor of Buddhist Philosophy at Seoul National University in Korea. She received her Ph.D. in Buddhist Studies from the University of California and was an assistant professor in the Department of Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Michigan before she joined SNU in 2004. Her research interests include Indian Abhidharma Buddhism, Korean Buddhist thought, and women in Buddhism. She has written articles and book chapters, including "Wŏnch’ŭk’s Place in the East Asian Buddhist Tradition," "From Buddha’s Speech to Buddha’s Essence: Philosophical Discussions of Buddha-vacana in India and China," "Re-thinking Late 19thCentury Chosŏn Buddhist Society," and "The Uses and Abuses of Wŏnhyo and the ‘T’ong Pulgyo’ Narrative." Recently her article titled “Repentance as a Bodhisattva Practice—Wŏnhyo on Guilt and Moral Responsibility” was published in ''Philosophy East & West'' (2013). She co-translated the Jikji simgyeong into English, and edited a volume ''Korean Buddhist Nuns and Laywomen – Hidden Histories and Enduring Vitality'' (SUNY Press, 2011). She was the founding director of the International Center for Korean Studies at SNU in 2007-2008, had served as the chair of the Editorial Subcommittee of the MOWCAP (Asia/Pacific Regional Committee for the Memory of the World Program) of UNESCO in 2007-2009, and was the elected president of the Korean Society for Buddhist Studies (Bulgyohak yŏn’guhoe) from 2012-2014. ([https://snu-kr.academia.edu/EunsuCho Source Accessed Nov 27, 2019])ia.edu/EunsuCho Source Accessed Nov 27, 2019]))
Brambilla, F. + (Filippo Brambilla is a PhD candidate at th … Filippo Brambilla is a PhD candidate at the Department of South Asian, Tibetan and Buddhist Studies of the University of Vienna. He is currently writing his dissertation on Tshogs gnyis rgya mtsho (1880–1940), a late Jo nang scholar whose philosophical works are characterized by a distinctive approach that reconciles typically rang stong positions with more orthodox Jo nang views. Filippo’s PhD thesis will include a complete edition and translation of Tshogs gnyis rgya mtsho’s Illuminating Light (''Rab gsal snang''). Recently, Filippo also started working as a researcher in the FWF funded project “Emptiness of Other (gZhan stong) in the Early Jo nang Tradition.” He holds a BA and an MA in Languages and Cultures of Eastern Asia, with specialization in Chinese language and culture, from Ca’ Foscari University of Venice. Filippo has also spent long periods of study and research in China and Eastern Tibet. (Source: [https://conference.tsadra.org/session/empty-of-true-existence-yet-full-of-qualities-tshogs-gnyis-rgya-mtsho-1880-1940-on-buddha-nature/ Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia])ddha-nature/ Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia]))
Rizzi, F. + (Fiorella Rizzi has been a student of Buddh … Fiorella Rizzi has been a student of Buddhism since 1980, when she met the late Geshe Yeshe Tobden. Since 1997, she has been translating and editing texts on Buddhist philosophy and practice and is the founder of the nonprofit cultural association La Ruota del Dharma. She lives in Pomaia, Italy. (Source: [http://authors.simonandschuster.com/Fiorella-Rizzi/451426178 Wisdom Publications])ella-Rizzi/451426178 Wisdom Publications]))
Keizan + (Following Dogen Zenji, the Dharma lamp was … Following Dogen Zenji, the Dharma lamp was transmitted to Ejo Zenji, then to Gikai Zenji, and then to Keizan Zenji, who was the fourth ancestor in the Japanese Soto Zen lineage.Keizan Zenji was born in 1264 in Echizen Province, which is present-day Fukui Prefecture. His mother, Ekan Daishi, was a devoted believer in Kannon Bosatsu (Avalokiteshvara), the bodhisattva of compassion. It is said that she was on her way to worship at a building dedicated to Kannon when she gave birth. For that reason, the name that Keizan Zenji was given at birth was Gyosho.At the age of eight, he shaved his head and entered Eiheiji where he began his practice under the third abbot, Gikai Zenji. At the age of thirteen, he again went to live at Eiheiji and was officially ordained as a monk under Ejo Zenji. Following the death of Ejo Zenji, he practiced under Jakuen Zenji at Hokyoji, located in present-day Fukui. Spotting Keizan Zenji’s potential ability to lead the monks, Jakuen Zenji selected him to be ino, the monk in charge of the other monks’ practice.In contrast to Dogen Zenji, who deeply explored the internal self, Keizan Zenji stood out with his ability to look outwards and boldly spread the teaching. For the Soto Zen School, the teachings of these two founders are closely connected with each other. In spreading the Way of Buddha widely, one of them was internal in his approach while the other was external.After more years of practice in Kyoto and Yura, Keizan Zenji became resident priest of Jomanji in Awa, which is present-day Tokushima Prefecture. He was twenty-seven years old. During the next four years, he gave the Buddhist precepts to more than seventy lay people. From this we can understand Keizan Zenji’s vow to free all sentient beings through teaching and transmitting the Way.He also came forth emphasizing the equality of men and women. He actively promoted his women disciples to become resident priests. At a time when women were unjustly marginalized, this was truly groundbreaking. This is thought to be the origin of the organization of Soto Zen School nuns and it was for this reason many women took refuge in Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha.Keizan Zenji finally moved back to Daijoji, in present-day Kanazawa City, where he became the second abbot, following Gikai Zenji. It was here that he gave teisho on Transmission of Light (Denkoroku). This book explains the circumstances by which the Dharma was transmitted from Shakyamuni Buddha through the twenty eight ancestors in India, the twenty three patriarchs in China, through Dogen Zenji and Keizan Zenji in Japan until Keizan’s teacher, Tettsu Gikai.In 1321 at the age of fifty-eight, a temple called Morookaji in Noto, which is present-day Ishikawa Prefecture, was donated to Keizan Zenji and he renamed it Sojiji. This was the origin of Sojiji in Yokohama, which is, along with Eiheiji, the other Head Temple (Daihonzan) of the Soto Zen School.Keizan Zenji did not, by any means, make light of the worldly interests of ordinary people and along with the practice of zazen used prayer, ritual, and memorial services to teach. This was attractive to many people and gave them a sense of peace. For this reason, the Soto Zen School quickly expanded.Even in the Soto Zen School today, while all temples have zazen groups to serve the earnest requests of believers, they also do their best to fulfill the requests that many people have for benefiting in the everyday world, which include memorial services and funerals.Keizan Zenji died in 1325 at the age of sixty-five. In succeeding years, his disciples did a good job in taking over for him at Sojiji on the Noto Peninsula. However, that temple was lost to fire in 1898. This provided the opportunity in 1907 to move Sojiji to its present location. The former temple was rebuilt as Sojiji Soin and continues today with many supporters and believers. (Source: [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/what/Buddha_founders/dogen_zenji.html Sotozen.com])ha_founders/dogen_zenji.html Sotozen.com]))
Holmes, Katia + (Following an education in France and Ameri … Following an education in France and America, Katia Holmes gained an M.A. in political science at SciencePo in Paris and went on to gain an M.Sc. in economics at the University of Paris. Her research at this time took her to India. Following a year of lecturing at Vincennes University in Paris, in 1970 she stayed for much of a sabbatical year in Kagyu Samye Ling Tibetan Centre in Scotland, which she had visited in 1969. Based in Samye Ling and France, she has dedicated her life since then to the study and preservation of Tibetan wisdom. In 1987 she gained a pre-doctoral DEA diploma in Religious Anthropology of Asia and Africa at the EPHE, Paris. Since 1993, she has concentrated on Tibetan Medicine and has worked in close conjunction with Khenpo Troru Tsenam Rinpoche . . . Katia is the main translator and interpreter for the Tara-Rokpa College of Tibetan Medicine where she is working on a translation of the famous Fourfold Tantra . . . ([http://kagyu.org.za/harare/visiting-teachers/ken-and-katia-holmes-october-23-november-2-2013/ Source Accessed Jul 22, 2020])ber-2-2013/ Source Accessed Jul 22, 2020]))
Handrick, D. + (For six months each year, Don Handrick ser … For six months each year, Don Handrick serves as the resident teacher at Thubten Norbu Ling, in Santa Fe, NM, a center affiliated with the Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition (FPMT). During that time, he also teaches at Ksitigarbha Tibetan Buddhist Center in Taos, NM, and volunteers for the Liberation Prison Project, teaching Buddhism once a month at a local prison. Since 2012 he has been an active member of the Interfaith Leadership Alliance of Santa Fe. Don spends the other half of each year as a touring teacher for the FPMT, visiting centers around the world. In 2015, Don had the honor of being selected to lead the renowned November Course, a one month teaching and meditation retreat held annually at Kopan Monastery in Kathmandu, Nepal. Don's study of Buddhism began in 1993 after reading The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying by Sogyal Rinpoche. Over the next two years he practiced with Sogyal Rinpoche's organization, until he began attending classes in 1996 with Venerable Robina Courtin at Tse Chen Ling in San Francisco. Don left the Bay Area in 1998 to attend the FPMT's Masters Program of Buddhist Studies in Sutra and Tantra, a seven-year residential study program conducted at Lama Tzong Khapa Institute in Tuscany, Italy, taught by the scholar and kind Spiritual Friend, Geshe Jampa Gyatso. He successfully completed all five subjects of this program in 2004, receiving an FPMT final certificate with high honors. Don then moved to Santa Fe, serving as the Spiritual Program Coordinator for Thubten Norbu Ling before being appointed resident teacher in 2006. Don has received teachings from many esteemed lamas in the Tibetan Buddhist tradition including His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Lama Zopa Rinpoche, Ribur Rinpoche, Choden Rinpoche, and Khensur Jampa Tegchok. ([https://www.donhandrick.com/about Source Accessed Nov 12, 2020]) Khensur Jampa Tegchok. ([https://www.donhandrick.com/about Source Accessed Nov 12, 2020]))
Villalba, D. + (Francisco Dokushō Villalba, (born November … Francisco Dokushō Villalba, (born November 8, 1956) is a Spanish Buddhist teacher. In 1984, he was the first Spaniard to be recognized as a Zen master. He was a disciple of the Japanese Zen master Taisen Deshimaru, a Zen diffuser in Europe, who ordained him a Zen Buddhist monk in 1978. Villalba became his collaborator, translating into Spanish the works by Deshimaru and was the translator of the first Spanish version of the ''Bodhicaryavatara''. After the death of his teacher in 1982, Villalba returned to Spain, where he founded several Zen centers. In the eighties he traveled to Japan to complete his training. In 1987 he received the Dharma Transmission, recognition as a Zen master and the authorization to found temples and centers from his second master, Shuyu Narita. Villalba is the founder of the Soto Zen Buddhist Community in Spain in 1989 and the Zen Buddhist Monastery Luz Serena, the first Buddhist monastery founded in Spain, where [he] usually resides. Writer, lecturer, and translator of international reputation, he has participated in numerous meetings and debates on religion and interculturality, including the Parliament of the World's Religions. ([https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dokush%C3%B4_Villalba Source Accessed Mar 22, 2021])B4_Villalba Source Accessed Mar 22, 2021]))
Müller, M. + (Friedrich Max Müller (1823-1900), Sanskrit … Friedrich Max Müller (1823-1900), Sanskrit scholar and philologist, was a pioneer in the fields of Vedic studies, comparative philosophy, comparative mythology and comparative religion. Müller was born on 6 December 1823 in Dessau, Germany, to the popular lyric poet Willhelm Müller and his wife Adelheid, the eldest daughter of Präsident von Basedow, the prime minister of the Anhalt-Dessau duchy. [...] Müller won a scholarship allowing him to attend the University of Leipzig.In 1841, Müller entered the University of Leipzig, concentrating on the study of Latin and Greek and reading Philosophy – in particular the thought of G. F. W. Hegel. He was awarded a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1843, at the age of 19, for his dissertation, ‘On the Third Book of Spinoza’s Ethics, De Affectibus.’ Müller travelled to Berlin in 1844 to study with Friedrich Schelling, whose lectures proved to be very influential to his intellectual development. Whilst in Berlin, he was also given access to the Chambers collection of Sanskrit manuscripts. At Schelling’s request, Müller translated some of the most important passages of the Upanishads, which he understood to be the greatest outcome of Vedic literature. He emphasised the necessity of studying the ancient hymns of the Veda in order to be able to appreciate the historical growth of the Indian mind during the Vedic age. Müller was convinced that all mythological and religious theories would remain without a solid foundation until the whole of the Rig Veda had been published.Müller arrived in Paris in 1845 where he studied with the famous French Sanskrit scholar Eugene Burnouff, with whom he remained friends for many years. Burnouff encouraged Müller to undertake the preparation and publication of a full edition of the Rig Veda; this project proved to be his most significant and lasting contribution to scholarship. To further his work on the Rig Veda, Müller came to London in June 1846 to work with manuscripts in the library of the East India Company, which eventually underwrote much of the expense of printing Müller’s Rig Veda. While Müller initially came to England to spend three weeks in Oxford, he stayed in England, making it his home for the remainder of his life. He became a close friend of William Howard Russell, the famous Times correspondent, and Baron von Bunsen, the Prussian ambassador in London. Müller was visiting Paris in early 1848 when the revolution began, but he and his valuable manuscripts were able to return unscathed to England. In 1849 Oxford University Press published Müller’s first volume of the Rig Veda, the sixth and final volume of which was not published until 1874. In 1851 he was appointed Professor of Modern European Languages at Oxford and was made full professor in 1854. He became a naturalized British citizen in 1855, and he married Georgina Adelaide on 3 August 1859; their marriage produced four children.In 1860, Müller was considered for Professor of Sanskrit at Oxford. The chair has been left vacant due to the death of the previous professor, and Müller was by far the most eligible candidate. However, at this time in Oxford, candidates for professorships were elected by all those holding MA degrees from the University (mostly clergymen), and much more attention was paid to a candidate’s political and religious view than to his academic qualifications. Müller’s Christianity, which was of a liberal Lutheran variety, was brought under considerable scrutiny, and the supporters of Müller’s evangelical competitor even waged a defamation campaign against him in the press. Their efforts were successful, for the post went to the less qualified candidate. [Monier-Williams] After Müller’s bitter disappointment at being passed over for the professorship, the focus of his career shifted slightly. He continued to work on his monumental Rig Veda, but most of his time was devoted to the preparation of books and lectures on comparative philosophy and mythology written with the public in mind. He delivered a series of very popular lectures at the Royal Institution, London, on the science of language in 1861 and 1863, which were quickly published and reprinted fifteen times between 1861 and 1899. His contributions to such public discourse brought a level of recognition that considerably made up for his aforementioned disappointment, and he was generally thought to be a leading figure of public life in Victorian England.In 1868 the University of Oxford created a new Chair of Comparative Philology, and Müller became its first occupant. This new post was accompanied by a decrease of lecturing responsibilities and an increase in salary, both of which were welcome changes. After twenty-five years of service at Oxford, he formed a small society of the best Oriental scholars from Europe and India, and they began to publish a series of translations of the Sacred Books of the East. Müller devoted the last thirty years of his life to writing and lecturing on comparative religion. In 1873 he published Introduction to the Science of Religion, and he delivered lectures on the subject at the Royal Institution (1870) and Westminster Abbey (1873). In 1878 Müller inaugurated the annual Hibbert lectures on the science of religion at Westminster Abbey, and he was invited to deliver the Gifford Lectures in Natural Theology at the University of Glasgow. [...]Müller’s other important project during those years was founding and editing of a series of English translations of Indian, Arabic, Chinese and Iranian religious texts. Müller translated selections from the hymns of the Rig Veda, the Upanishads, and the Dhammapada, a Buddhist text and also contributed to The Sacred Books of the East published by Oxford University Press. By 1900, at the time of Müller’s death, forty-eight translated volumes had been published in the series, with only one volume remaining to be published. [...] [https://www.giffordlectures.org/lecturers/friedrich-max-müller Source: Gifford Lectures]ordlectures.org/lecturers/friedrich-max-müller Source: Gifford Lectures])
Funayama, T. + (Funayama Toru, born in 1961, is currently … Funayama Toru, born in 1961, is currently a professor of Buddhist studies at Institute for Research in Humanities, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. His research mainly covers two different areas in the history of Buddhism. One is Chinese Buddhism from the fifth–seventh centuries, a period from the late Six Dynasties period up to early Tang; his focuses are on the formation of Chinese Buddhist translation and apocrypha, spread of the notion of Mahayana precepts, the exegetical tradition on the ''Nirvana Sutra'', and so on. The other is philological and philosophical issues in Buddhist epistemology and logic in India from the fifth–tenth centuries, particularly Kamalaśīla's (the late eighth century) theory of perception. In both areas, he is interested in the concept of saintliness as firmly related with the system of practice. ([https://www.iias.asia/profile/toru-funayama Source Accessed June 16, 2020])u-funayama Source Accessed June 16, 2020]))
Sga bla ma 'jam dbyangs rgyal mtshan + (Gapa Khenpo Jamyang Chökyi Gyaltsen or Khe … Gapa Khenpo Jamyang Chökyi Gyaltsen or Khenpo Jamgyal (1870-1940) was the third khenpo of Dzongsar shedra. He was a student of Loter Wangpo as well as Khenpo Shenga. He was a teacher of Dezhung Rinpoche and Khenpo Appey. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Khenpo_Jamyang_Gyaltsen Rigpa Wiki])title=Khenpo_Jamyang_Gyaltsen Rigpa Wiki]))
Garchen Rinpoche + (Garchen Rinpoche, Konchog Gyaltsen (mgar c … Garchen Rinpoche, Konchog Gyaltsen (mgar chen dkon mchog rgyal mtshan, b. 1949), is a master ofthe Drigung Kagyu tradition. By the time he finally left Tibet in the 1990s, he had spent twenty-three years imprisoned by the Chinese. Of his time in prison, twenty years were spent in the company of his teacher, Khenpo Munsel (mkhan po mun sel, 1916-1994). Since coming out of Tibet, he has been tirelessly teaching throughout the world. (Source: Enlightened Vagabond) the world. (Source: Enlightened Vagabond))
Sangpo, L. + (Gelong Lodrö Sangpo is a student of the la … Gelong Lodrö Sangpo is a student of the late Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche. After receiving his first ordination in the Karma Kagyü Sangha in 1984, he moved to Gampo Abbey in 1985 and received bhikshu ordination in 1987 from H.E. Jamgön Kongtrül Rinpoche. From 1990–1996 he participated in the first group of three-year retreatants at Söpa Chöling and afterwards entered a four-year study retreat. He served as acting Director of Gampo Abbey for some years and is one of the co-founders of the Nitartha Institute for Higher Buddhist Studies.Lodrö Sangpo currently is head of the Chökyi Gyatso Translation Committee and has published an English translation of Erich Frauwallner’s The Philosophy of Buddhism (Motilal Banarsidass). His annotated English translation of Louis de La Vallée Poussin’s Vasubandhu’s Abhidharmakośabhāṣya was published in 2012 (4 volumes: Motilal Banarsidass). He is presently working on an English translation of Professor Lambert Schmithausen’s Collected Writings.He has been a senior teacher of Vidyādhara Institute since its inception and serves as its chair. ([http://www.gampoabbey.org/shedra-faculty.php Source Accessed May 18, 2015])faculty.php Source Accessed May 18, 2015]))
Driessens, G. + (Georges Driessens was a Buddhist monk (She … Georges Driessens was a Buddhist monk (Sherpa Tulku) from the Tibetan tradition and has translated a number of Buddhist texts: ''Le grand livre de la progression vers l'éveil'', by Tsongkhapa, ''La lettre à un ami (Suhṛllekha)'' and ''Le traité du milieu (Mādhyamaka-śāstra)'' by Nāgārjuna. ([https://grupsderecerca.uab.cat/trafil/sites/grupsderecerca.uab.cat.trafil/files/00-edite-chez-Benjamins.pdf Adapted from Source Jan 8, 2021])mins.pdf Adapted from Source Jan 8, 2021]))
Krastev, G. + (Georgi Krastev M.A. is currently a Univers … Georgi Krastev M.A. is currently a University of Vienna, Department of South Asian, Tibetan, and Buddhist Studies graduate student. He is a freelance translator at the Khyentse Foundation. ([https://www.linkedin.com/in/georgi-krastev-m-a-583456142/?originalSubdomain=at Source Accessed Sep 7, 2021])Subdomain=at Source Accessed Sep 7, 2021]))
Wiener, G. + (Gerry Wiener is a software engineer workin … Gerry Wiener is a software engineer working at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado. He began his Buddhist studies with Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche in 1971 and studied under Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche until his parinirvana in 1987. Gerry received teachings from His Holiness, the 16th Karmapa, Rangjung Rigpe Dorje in 1974 and in 1980 during the times His Holiness was visiting the United States. Gerry has continued his Tibetan Buddhist studies under Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche focusing on Tibetan translation and the development of the [http://nitarthadigitallibrary.org/xtf/search Nitartha Digital Library]. ([https://karmapacenter16.org/contact/board-volunteers/ Source Accessed Feb 20, 2022])volunteers/ Source Accessed Feb 20, 2022]))
Ngawang, Thubten + (Geshe Thubten Ngawang was the spiritual di … Geshe Thubten Ngawang was the spiritual director of Tibetisches Zentrum V. Hamburg (Tibetan Centre Germany).In 1979 Geshe Rinpoche was appointed spiritual director of the Tibetan Centre by His Holiness the Dalai Lama, the Patron of the Centre. Geshe Rinpoche was a living example of a Buddhist monk and gave teachings on Tibetan Buddhism throughout Germany for 23 years. Through his continual presence he played an important role in the initial establishment and the transmission of the Buddhist doctrine to the West.As a scholar and meditation master who received most of his religious education in old Tibet, Geshe Thubtan Ngawang belonged to a generation of Tibetan lamas who directly experienced what is most probably the last flowering of their advanced civilization and bear the responsibility for the preservation of the Tibetan religion and culture in exile.An important concern of his was the friendly exchange with representatives of other religions, scientists and other groups in society. School classes and adult groups visit the Tibetan Centre regularly in order to learn about Buddhism from an authentic source. In 1984 the so-called interfaith dialogue was established at Hamburg University. Geshe Thubten Ngawang played an active role in the discussions with representatives of various religious groups.In 1998 the Tibetan Centre, under the leadership of Geshe Thubten Ngawang, organized its largest event in Schneverdingen/Lüneburg Heath. Here His Holiness the Dalai Lama taught “Buddhas Weg zum Glück” (Buddha’s path to happiness). At the invitation of Geshe Thubten Ngawang His Holiness resided in the meditation house Semkye Ling for ten days and blessed it with his presence. Before that the Patron had visited Hamburg and the Tibetan Centre at Geshe Rinpoche’s invitation in 1982 and 1991.From 2000 onwards, alongside his active teaching programme, Geshe Rinpoche continued his preparatory practices for his three-year retreat, which he was planning to begin at the end of 2003. ([https://www.phayul.com/2003/01/16/3624/ Adapted from Source Mar 31, 2021])6/3624/ Adapted from Source Mar 31, 2021]))
Soepa, Thubten + (Geshe Thubten Soepa was born in Zanskar, I … Geshe Thubten Soepa was born in Zanskar, India in 1955. At the age of fourteen he entered the monastery of Dromo Geshe Rinpoche in Kalimpong and at 19, he was sent to Sera Je Monastery in South India.Geshe Soepa took his novice vows before Serkong Tsenshab Rinpoche and his full vows before Kyabje Ling Dorjechang, the 97th head of the Gelug tradition (Tib: Ganden Tri Rinpoche). He also received many teachings and initiations from them, as well as from Ganden Zong Rinpoche. He attained the lharumpa geshe degree at Sera Je in 1997.After three years as resident teacher at Dzongkha Chode monastery, Lama Zopa Rinpoche invited Geshe Soepa to be the resident geshe of Aryatara Institut in Munich, Germany, where he taught for ten years.Geshe Soepa has travelled extensively in Europe and the United States, and teaches at many FPMT centers around the world. He is respected for his teachings on cherishing animals and is well known for his advocacy of animal rights and his stance on leading a vegetarian life.''Protecting the Lives of Helpless Beings'', a book by Geshe Soepa, presents a detailed discussion in support of vegetarianism and animal welfare. ([https://www.lamayeshe.com/teacher/geshe-thubten-soepa Source Accessed Oct 29, 2021])ubten-soepa Source Accessed Oct 29, 2021]))
Gha rung pa lha'i rgyal mtshan + (Gharungwa Lhai Gyeltsen (g+ha rung ba lha' … Gharungwa Lhai Gyeltsen (g+ha rung ba lha'i rgyal mtshan) was born at Nyetang (snye thang) in 1319. At five years of age he received ordination as a novice monk at Kumbumtang (sku 'bum thang) and began studies of the monastic code. For two years he also studied Prajñāpāramitā, epistemology, and Abhidharma. Then he traveled to many different monasteries in U for further studies in the same subjects and others such as the Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra and the Five Treatises of Maitreya. While at the great Karma Kaygu monastery of Tsurpu (mtshur phu), he received the transmission of several tantras from the clairvoyant yogin Tokden Drakseng (rtogs ldan grags seng), who also recognized him as an incarnation of the Indian master Aryadeva.When he was twenty years old Gharungwa traveled to the Tsang region, where he reached a high level of expertise in the treatises of the vehicle of the perfections, epistemology, Abhidharma, and the monastic code under the teacher Konchok Sangpo (slob dpon dkon bzang, d.u.) at Drakram Monastery (brag ram). He also studied and taught at many other places before arriving at the great monastery of Sakya (sa skya), where he studied the same subjects under the master Jamyang Chokyi Gyeltsen ('jam dbyangs chos kyi rgyal mtshan, d.u.), but also received the Tantra Trilogy of Hevajra and the Bodhisattva Trilogy.He then studied at Pelteng Monastery (dpal steng dgon) under the master Rinchen Zangpo (rin chen bzang po, d.u.), and next traveled to the Kagyu monastery of Ralung (ra lung dgon), where he received many tantric transmissions such as the initiations of Hevjara in both the Sakya and the Kagyu traditions and the Doha Trilogy of the great Indian adept Saraha. While at Ralung, he heard about Dolpopa Sherab Gyeltsen (dol po pa shes rab rgyal mtshan) and was filled with faith.When Gharungwa was thirty-two years old he arrived at Jonang Monastery (jo nang dgon) and met Dolpopa. He offered the great master a white conch shell and other gifts and received many initiations such as Kālacakra and Guhyasamāja, and all the guiding instructions such as the six-branch yoga. He gained exceptional experience in meditation, actually beheld Avalokiteśvara and his pure land, and experienced pure visions such as the transformation of himself into a buddha and the light rays of his own body illuminating the entire three worlds. For many years Gharungwa received from Dolpopa a number of profound teachings such as the Bodhisattva Trilogy and the ten sutras of definitive meaning.Gharungwa also received special transmissions from some of Dolpopa's other major disciples: from Kunpang Chodrak Pelzang (kun spangs chos grags dpal bzang, 1283-1363) he received the Vimalaprabhā commentary on the Kālacakra Tantra seven times, the instructions of the six-branch yoga, Nāropa's commentary on the Sekoddesha, and so forth; from Jonang Lotsāwa Lodro Pel (jo nang lo tsA wa blo gros dpal, 1299-c.1353) he received the Vimalaprabhā and other tantric teachings; from Mati Paṇchen (ma ti paN chen blo gros rgyal mtshan, 1294-1376) he received many teachings such as the Five Treatises of Maitreya and the Lamdre (lam 'bras); from Chokle Namgyel (phyogs las rnam rgyal, 1306-1386) and Nyawon Kunga Pel (nya dbon nun dga' dpal, 1285-1379) he received many transmissions such as the Lamdre in both the Sakya tradition and the Shang tradition, and the Bodhisattva Trilogy.Gharungwa then ascended to the monastic seat of Gharung Monastery (g+ha rung), where he taught for many years. He was eventually offered the hermitage of Namkha Dzod (nam mkha' mdzod) and took up residence there, teaching the Vimalaprabhā and various other topics.He passed away in 1401.ous other topics. He passed away in 1401.)
McDougall, G. + (Gordon McDougall was director of Cham Tse … Gordon McDougall was director of Cham Tse Ling, the FPMT’s Hong Kong center, for two years in the 1980s and worked for Jamyang Buddhist Centre in London from 2000 to 2007. He helped develop the Foundation of Buddhist Thought study program and administered it for seven years. Since 2008 he has been editing Lama Zopa Rinpoche’s lamrim teachings for Lama Yeshe Wisdom Archive’s FPMT Lineage series. ([https://wisdomexperience.org/content-author/gordon-mcdougall/ Source Accessed Feb 23, 2021])-mcdougall/ Source Accessed Feb 23, 2021]))
Gu, G. + (Guo Gu (Dr. Jimmy Yu) is the founder of th … Guo Gu (Dr. Jimmy Yu) is the founder of the Tallahassee Chan Center (www.tallahasseechan.com) and is also the guiding teacher for the Western Dharma Teachers Training course at the Chan Meditation Center in New York and the Dharma Drum Lineage. He is one of the late Master Sheng Yen’s (1930–2009) senior and closest disciples, and assisted him in leading intensive retreats throughout the United States, Europe, and Asia. Guo Gu has edited and translated a number of Master Sheng Yen’s books from Chinese to English. He is also a professor of Buddhism and East Asian religions at Florida State University, Tallahassee. (Source: [https://www.shambhala.com/authors/g-n/guo-gu.html Shambhala Publications])s/g-n/guo-gu.html Shambhala Publications]))
Roth, G. + (Gustav Roth (born January 22, 1916 in Bres … Gustav Roth (born January 22, 1916 in Breslau; † June 6, 2008 in Lenglern) was a German Indologist.Roth passed his Abitur in 1935 at the König-Wilhelm-Gymnasium in Breslau. He then studied from 1935 (immediately in 1935 and all year round in 1936 due to work in the labor service, so that he could not begin attending lectures until 1937), first at the University of Breslau and then from 1939 in Leipzig and in 1941 in Halle (Saale). During his time in Breslau he became a member of the Corps Silesia there. During the Second World War he worked as a teacher for Persian at an interpreting school of the Wehrmacht in Meissen and then moved to Bordeaux. From January 1944 until the end of the war he was an interpreter for Hindustani and Punjabi for the Indian Freedom Corps Azad Hind Fauj, which he had already looked after during his time in Königsbrück. In 1949 he enrolled at the University of Munich. He graduated in 1952 with a doctorate of philology. From 1953 to 1960 he stayed for scientific studies in India and Nepal. After his return he was an academic advisor at the Indological seminar at the University of Göttingen where he stayed until his retirement in 1981. From 1982 to 1985 Roth lived as director of the Shri Nava Nalanda Mahavihara Institute in Bihar, India, before finally returning to Germany. Roth's scientific life achievement was recognized by several commemorative publications in his honor. ([https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Roth Adapted from Source July 22, 2021])v_Roth Adapted from Source July 22, 2021]))
Rgyal sras lha rje + (Gyalse Lhaje, also known as Chokdrup Gyalpo, was the second son of the Tibetan prince Mutik Tsenpo. He came to be considered the subsequent rebirth of his grandfather, Dharma King Trisong Deutsen.)
Yang dgon pa rgyal mtshan dpal + (Gyalwa Yang Gönpa Gyaltsen Pal (Tib. ཡང་དག … Gyalwa Yang Gönpa Gyaltsen Pal (Tib. ཡང་དགོན་པ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དཔལ་, Wyl. yang dgon pa rgyal mtshan dpal) (1213-1258 or 1287) was a great yogin of the Drukpa Kagyü school and one of the foremost disciples of Gyalwa Götsangpa (1189-1258). He also studied with Godrakpa (1181-1261), who is considered the first great non-sectarian master of Tibet, Drikung Chenga Rinpoche (1175-1255) of the Drikung Kagyü school, Sakya Pandita (1182-1251), and Sangye Repa, and other masters. He is known as one of the 'three victorious ones', the other two being his teacher Gyalwa Götsangpa and Gyalwa Lorepa. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Yang_Gönpa Rigpawiki])org/index.php?title=Yang_Gönpa Rigpawiki]))
Dorje, G. + (Gyurme Dorje (1950 – 5 February 2020) was … Gyurme Dorje (1950 – 5 February 2020) was a Scottish Tibetologist and writer. He was born in Edinburgh, where he studied classics (Latin and Greek) at George Watson's College and developed an early interest in Buddhist philosophy. He held a PhD in Tibetan Literature (SOAS) and an MA in Sanskrit with Oriental Studies (Edinburgh). In the 1970s he spent a decade living in Tibetan communities in India and Nepal where he received extensive teachings from Kangyur Rinpoche, Dudjom Rinpoche, Chatral Rinpoche, and Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche. In 1971 Dudjom Rinpoche encouraged him to begin translating his recently completed ''History of the Nyingma Schoo''l (རྙིང་མའི་སྟན་པའི་ཆོས་འབྱུང་) and in 1980 his ''Fundamentals of the Nyingma School'' (བསྟན་པའི་རྣམ་གཞག) - together this was an undertaking that was to take twenty years, only reaching completion in 1991. In the 1980s Gyurme returned to the UK and in 1987 completed his 3 volume doctoral dissertation on the ''Guhyagarbhatantra'' and Longchenpa's commentary on this text at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) at the University of London.From 1991 to 1996 Gyurme held research fellowships at London University, where he worked with Alak Zenkar Rinpoche on translating (with corrections) the content of the Great Sanskrit Tibetan Chinese Dictionary to create the three volume ''Encyclopaedic Tibetan-English Dictionary''. From 2007 until his death he worked on many translation projects, primarily as a Tsadra Foundation grantee. He has written, edited, translated and contributed to numerous important books on Tibetan religion and culture including ''The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism: Its Fundamentals and History'' (2 vols.) (Wisdom, 1991), ''Tibetan Medical Paintings'' ( 2 vols.) (Serindia, 1992), ''The Tibet Handbook'' (Footprint, 1996), the first complete translation of the ''Tibetan Book of the Dead'', and ''A Handbook of Tibetan Culture'' (Shambhala, 1994). ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyurme_Dorje Source Accessed Jul 14, 2020])yurme_Dorje Source Accessed Jul 14, 2020]))
'gyur med tshe dbang bstan 'phel +
Mgon po tshe brtan + (Gönpo Tseten was born in 1906 in Amdo, an … Gönpo Tseten was born in 1906 in Amdo, an eastern province of Tibet, into a family heritage of ngakpas. At the age of seven he was sent to Sangchen Mingye Ling, a Nyingmapa monastery. At the age of 15, having shown great promise as a future teacher, he studied with Kargi Tertön and accomplished the preliminary practices of Tibetan Buddhism.At Sangchen Mingye Ling, Gönpo Tseten continued his Dharma studies and the traditional Tibetan arts and sciences. It was at this time that he began to display great skill in drawing, painting, and sculpture. In 1925, at the age of 18, he completed two images of Thousand-Armed Avalokiteshvara, each standing over six feet high.About the age of twenty he married and had a son, Pema Rigdzin. He then undertook a journey of twenty days in order to study for a year with the Tertön Choling Tuching Dorje, a disciple of Dodrupchen Rinpoche.After this, he studied with the great Dzogchen master Khenchen Thubten Chöpel, who was also a guru of Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, Khenpo Jikmé Phuntsok, and the Sixth Dzogchen Rinpoche. During that time he received the complete transmission of the Rinchen Terdzö—he later received it twice more from Dilgo Khyentse around 1950 and 1978. Later, the ngakpa Gönpo Tsering taught him Tu, the art of overcoming enemies. This was essential since his gompa in Amdo needed protection from surrounding afflictions, including ruthless bandits and wild animals. After this, he studied sutra and tantra, including the Yönten Dzö, at Sukchen Tago Gompa in Golok, which was established by the First Dodrupchen Rinpoche in 1799. (Full bio available at [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=G%C3%B6npo_Tseten_Rinpoche Rigpa Wiki])le=G%C3%B6npo_Tseten_Rinpoche Rigpa Wiki]))
Zurmang Gharwang, 12th + (H. E. Zurmang Gharwang Rinpoche teaches Ti … H. E. Zurmang Gharwang Rinpoche teaches Tibetan Buddhist meditation and philosophy worldwide. Rinpoche was born a prince of the Sikkimese Royal Court and was recognized by H. H. 16th Gyalwa Karmapa as the 12th incarnation of the Gharwang Tulkus.Rinpoche is the supreme lineage holder of the Whispered Lineage of the Zurmang Kagyu tradition. He continues the activity of the unbroken line of the Gharwang Tulkus tracing back to the great 14th century Tibetan siddha Trung Mase, an emanation of the Indian mahasiddha Tilopa, and founder of Zurmang Monastery and the Zurmang Kagyu tradition. ([http://zurmangkagyu.org/the-12th-zurmang-gharwang/ Source Accessed Feb. 8, 2022]) Listen to an interview at [https://wisdomexperience.org/wisdom-podcast/gharwang-rinpoche/ the Wisdom Experience here].For more information see: *[http://zurmangkagyu.org/the-12th-zurmang-gharwang/ The Official Website of Zurmang Kagyu]*[https://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/12th_Zurmang_Gharwang Source: Erik Pema Kunsang]*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurmang_Gharwang_Rinpoche Source: Wikipedia]rmang_Gharwang_Rinpoche Source: Wikipedia])
Haenisch, E. + (Haenisch was the architect German Sinology … Haenisch was the architect German Sinology never had. He was primarily a Mongolist, but impinged on Sinology as well, usually to its benefit.His family background was official and military. He studied Sinology, Mongol, and Manchu under Wilhelm Grube at Berlin. Haenisch was himself a Berliner, and Berlin was to remain the center of his career. From it he made four significant departures. The first was immediate: after his studies with Grube, he went to China to teach at military schools in Wuchang and Changsha from 1904 to 1911. During this time he also traveled in China and in Eastern Tibet. In 1912 he returned to Germany and joined the Berlin Museum für Völkerkunde. In 1913 he completed his Habilitation and became an assistant to F W Müller. Another military interlude followed, as an officer during WW1. In 1920 he made a handsome return to civilian life as Professor of Mongol and Manchu at Berlin.In 1925 he moved to the Chair of Sinology at Leipzig, in succession to Conrady, and his publications take for a while a Sinological turn, starting with an article on Some Sinological Desiderata (1926): taking stock of the field and setting priorities. Due to Haenisch's protracted absence from Leipzig while traveling in China and Mongolia, the Conrady student Eduard Erkes was appointed in 1928 to fill in for him as an Ausserordentlicher Professor. The three volumes of Haenisch's Lehrgang der Chinesischen Schriftsprache appeared over the years 1929-1933. It must be said that this is not the wonderful thing it is sometimes said to be. Presumably it was an improvement over whatever people had been doing previously. All the more credit, then, (let it be said in a parenthesis) to those of the pioneering generation who achieved a sometimes staggering competence in the language.Haenisch returned to Berlin in 1932, with a renewed emphasis on things Inner Asian. A first instalment of his translation of the Secret History of the Mongols had been published in 1931, and further instalments appeared in 1937 and 1939. It has been judged by those who know that it is superior to the never-published version - the Secret Translation of the Secret History - by the indomitable but procrastinating Pelliot. Haenish picked up the retired Franke's student George Kennedy, and supervised Kennedy's thesis, which was on a legal topic, and based on the Tang Code. He also put in a word at Berlin for a Sinological resource which had been formally banned by Pelliot in 1929: the fractious von Zach. Looking back on that interlude, Haenisch put it this way: "Of course one could not mention his name in De Groot's presence. When I once dared to break a lance for him, he came straight back at me, "Do you want Sinology in Berlin to be built, or demolished?" Well, naturally, built, but Zach ought to help with the building. This positive contribution he himself unfortunately denied us, by the often intemperate tone of his criticisms."Haenisch, a decent man as well as a careful scholar, had protested German treatment of Duyvendak in the occupied Netherlands, and distinguished himself in 1944 as the only German Sinologist to sign a petition for the release of Henri Maspero, then a prisoner at Buchenwald. There had been more international spirit, and it had had better success, in the case of Henri Pirenne in WW1, who as a result of international and German scholarly pressure was released from a prison camp in Belgium and transferred to the house arrest situation in rural Germany, where, partly out of his head, he was able to put down what became his masterpiece: the Histoire de l'Europe. Had the world received a similar final synthesis from Maspero, Haenisch would have deserved mention on the dedication page. It was not to be.Germany had been hard on Sinology before and during WW2, driving many of the most promising people out of the country. And WW2 had been hard on Germany. Haenisch was one of those left to become the statesmen of the Sinological building effort after 1945. Of the prewar centers that still existed (among them Heidelberg, Göttingen, Hamburg), Berlin was a divided city, and Leipzig had come under Soviet domination. Haenisch, making his fourth and final excursus from Berlin, founded in 1946 the Sinological Section of the Institute of East Asian Studies at Munich, the first such center to be created in postwar Germany. Conditions were not ideal: "In summer, we sometimes held classes in corridors and sometimes in wooden shacks; in winter, we held them in the department's only undamaged building. Eventually we got a building of our own which served as library, classroom and office." ([https://web.archive.org/web/20170209043749/http://www.umass.edu/wsp/resources/profiles/haenisch.html Source Accessed Jan 25, 2022])enisch.html Source Accessed Jan 25, 2022]))
Shastri, H. + (Hara Prasad Shastri (Bengali: হরপ্রসাদ শাস … Hara Prasad Shastri (Bengali: হরপ্রসাদ শাস্ত্রী) (6 December 1853 – 17 November 1931), also known as Hara Prasad Bhattacharya, was an Indian academic, Sanskrit scholar, archivist and historian of Bengali literature. He is most known for discovering the Charyapada, the earliest known examples of Bengali literature.Hara Prasad Shastri was born in Kumira village in Khulna, Bengal (now in Bangladesh) to a family that hailed from Naihati in North 24 Parganas of the present-day West Bengal. The family name was Bhattacharya, a common Bengali surname.Shastri studied at the village school initially and then at Sanskrit College and Presidency College in Calcutta (now Kolkata). While in Calcutta, he stayed with the noted Bengali scholar and social reformer, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, who was a friend of Shastri's older brother Nandakumar Nyayachunchu.Shastri passed entrance (school-leaving) examination in 1871, First Arts, the undergraduate degree, in 1873, received a BA in 1876 and Honours in Sanskrit in 1877. Later, he was conferred the title of ''Shastri'' when he received a MA degree. The Shastri title was conferred on those who secured a first class (highest grade) and he was the only student in his batch (class) to do so. He then joined Hare School as a teacher in 1878.Hara Prasad Shastri held numerous positions. He became a professor at the Sanskrit College in 1883. At the same time, he worked as an Assistant Translator with the Bengal government. Between 1886 and 1894, besides teaching at the Sanskrit College, he was the Librarian of the Bengal Library. In 1895 he headed the Sanskrit department at Presidency College. During the winter 1898-99 he assisted Dr. Cecil Bendall during research in Nepal, collecting informations from the private Durbar Library of the Rana Prime Minister Bir Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana, and the total registration of manuscripts was later published as ''A Catalogue of Palm-Leaf and selected Paper Manuscripts belonging to the Durbar Library, Nepal'' (Calcutta 1905) with historical introduction by Cecil Bendall (including description of Gopal Raj Vamshavali).He became Principal of Sanskrit College in 1900, leaving in 1908 to join the government's Bureau of Information. Also, from 1921–1924, he was Professor and Head of the Department of Bengali and Sanskrit at Dhaka University.Shastri held different positions within the Asiatic Society, and was its President for two years. He was also President of Vangiya Sahitya Parishad for twelve years and was an honorary member of the Royal Asiatic Society in London.Shastri's first research article was "Bharat mahila", published in the periodical ''Bangadarshan'' when he was a student. Later, Shastri became a regular contributor to the periodical, which was then edited by the noted Bengali author Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay, authoring around thirty articles on different topics, as well as novel reviews. He was first introduced to research by Rajendralal Mitra, a noted Indologist, and translated the Buddhist Puranas which Mitra included in the book ''The Sanskrit Buddhist Literature of Nepal''. Shastri was also Mitra's assistant at the Asiatic Society, and became Director of Operations in Search of Sanskrit Manuscripts after Mitra's death.Shastri was instrumental in preparing the Catalogue of the Asiatic Society's approximately ten thousand manuscripts with the assistance of a few others. The long introduction to the Catalogue contains invaluable information on the history of Sanskrit literature.Shastri gradually became interested in collecting old Bengali manuscripts and ended up visiting Nepal several times, where, in 1907, he discovered the ''Charyageeti'' or ''Charyapada'' manuscripts. His painstaking research on the manuscript led to the establishment of ''Charyapada'' as the earliest known evidence of Bengali language. Shastri wrote about this finding in a 1916 paper titled "হাজার বছরের পুরোনো বাংলা ভাষায় রচিত বৌদ্ধ গান ও দোঁহা” (Hajar bochhorer purono Bangla bhasay rochito Bouddho gan o doha) meaning "Buddhist songs and verses written in Bengali a thousand years ago".Shastri was the collector and publisher of many other old works, author of many research articles, a noted historiographer, and recipient of a number of awards and titles.Some of his notable works were: ''Balmikir jai'','' Meghdoot byakshya'', ''Beneyer Meye'' (''The Merchant's Daughter'', a novel), ''Kancanmala'' (novel), ''Sachitra Ramayan'', ''Prachin Banglar Gourab'', and ''Bouddha dharma''.His English works include: ''Magadhan Literature'', ''Sanskrit Culture in Modern India'', and ''Discovery of Living Buddhism in Bengal''.He also discovered an old palm-leaf manuscript of Skanda Purana in a Kathmandu library in Nepal, written in Gupta script. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hara_Prasad_Shastri Source Accessed Mar 8, 2021])asad_Shastri Source Accessed Mar 8, 2021]))
Dzogchen Pema Kalsang + (Having received an intense and enlightenin … Having received an intense and enlightening education with some of the most eminent masters of the 20th century, while still a teenager, Dzogchen Pema Kalsang Rinpoche became twelfth throne holder of Dzogchen Monastery. Throughout the bleak period of the 1960s and '70s, he managed to maintain and practice the Dharma in secret, and as soon as circumstances permitted, he completely rebuilt Dzogchen Monastery, Shirasing Buddhist College, and established the Lotus Ground Great Perfection Retreat Centre. He now devotes his time to teaching Dzogpa Chenpo to tens of thousands of studetns from all over the world, and to date, thirty-two volumes of his teachings have been published in Tibetan. (Source: [[Introduction to the Nature of Mind (Dzogchen Pema Kalsang)]] (2019), translated by [[Christian Stewart]].[[Christian Stewart]].)
Smin gling gcung ngag dbang chos grags + (He was born in Mindroling Monastery in the … He was born in Mindroling Monastery in the Earth Monkey year. His father was Pema Wangchen or Gyurme Kunga Tendzin, and his mother was Chimé Deden Drolma, the daughter of the eighth throneholder, Gyurme Yishyin Wangyal. He therefore shared the same father as the tenth throneholder, Gyurme Döndrup Wangyal, Penam Rinpoche, and Khenchen Ngawang Khyentse Norbu. He had the same mother as Penam Rinpoche, Jetsün Tsewang Lhamo (d. 1995) and Mayum Dechen Wangmo.He studied from a young age with many different teachers from Kham and Central Tibet. At the age of 21, he received full ordination from Khenchen Ngawang Norbu. He became the regent during the minority of Minling Trichen Rinpoche. After the tragedies of the cultural revolution he worked hard to revive the Mindroling tradition and to repair the monastery and give teachings and transmissions.He passed away in Lhasa in 1980 (or 1979 according to some sources). (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Minling_Chung_Rinpoche Rigpa Wiki])?title=Minling_Chung_Rinpoche Rigpa Wiki]))
Tenzin, Sakya Khenpo Sangyay + (He was born in Tibet in the year 1904, in … He was born in Tibet in the year 1904, in the area of Sakya... At the age of ten he became a novice monk, receiving his novice vows from Khenpo Rinzin Gyaltsen. He studied Buddhism with many distinguished masters, such as Drayab Thupten Zangpo...At the age of 37, he took full ordination in the presence of Zimhog Rinpoche in the lineage of the great Monastery of Sakya. Following the advice of his guru, he then became the abbot of Ngor Ewam Choden Monastery for three years, and then proceeded on to Tanak Thupten Namgyal Ling Monastery, founded by Gho Ramjampa. In this monastery he served 15 years as an abbot. The most remarkable events of his scholarly career include his teaching of the “Clear Differentiation of the Three Vows,” with his own commentary, to His Eminence Chobgye Trichen Rinpoche, and the oral transmission of the “Uncommon Stages of Meditation” by Kamalashila to His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama. To this day, His Holiness mentions his gratitude towards Khenchen Sangye Tenzin for having conferred this rare transmission.([https://sakyagurudarjeeling.wordpress.com/rinpoches/people/ Source Accessed May 20, 2020])hes/people/ Source Accessed May 20, 2020]))
Sangye Nyenpa, 9th + (He was the older brother of H.H. Dilgo Khy … He was the older brother of H.H. Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche (1910-1991) and the root teacher of Ven. Kyabje Tenga Rinpoche (1932-2012) of Benchen monastery. Sangye Nyenpa was recognized and confirmed as the authentic incarnation of the previous 8th Sangye Nyenpa Tendzin Drubchog, by the 15th Karmapa Kakhyab Dorje (1871-1922). The Karmapa had had a vision of the protective deity Palden Lhamo, in which he saw a vajra appearing in her mirror and heard the name Sangye Nyenpa and his family's name "Dilgo" spoken. Also, before his birth a resident lama on the Dilgo estate dreamed repeatedly of a famous pair of cymbals kept in Benchen monastery being played in the house. This was felt to mean that the incarnation of Sangye Nyenpa would be born there. The Karmapa gave him the name Karma Geleg Drubpe Nyima Thrinle Ozer Kunkhyab Palzangpo (karma dge legs sgrub pa'i nyi ma phrin las 'od zer kun khyab dpal bzang po). From Drongpa Lama Tendzin Chögyal, Tenga Rinpoche's previous incarnation, he received many empowerments and oral transmissions, among them the Kagyu Ngagdzo and the 9th Karmapa Wangchug Dorje's (1556-1603) Chikshe Kundröl collection. In about 1904, aged eight, Sangye Nyenpa met with the omniscient Mipham Rinpoche Namgyal Gyatso (1846-1912) and received the oral transmissions of the Manjushrinamasamgiti from him. From Mipham Rinpoche's disciple Lama Ösal, he later received the transmission of all his works. Around that time he also received novice ordination from Palpung monastery's famous Khenchen Tashi Öser. Until age 20, Sangye Nyenpa attended upon many great masters of his time and received all the Kagyu and Nyingma transmissions, as well as the Jonang and Zhalu tradition's Kalacakra and much more. From the 2nd Tsike Chokling Könchok Gyurme Tenpei Gyaltsen () he received important transmissions from the Chokling Tersar and from Lama Karma Tashi Chöphel, a close disciple of Jamgon Kongtrul, the transmission of Kongtrul's works. Later, when in Tsurphu monastery in Central Tibet for six months, he received transmissions and instruction on all the major Mahamudra works of the Kagyu traditions from the 15th Karmapa, as well as the Six Doctrines of Naropa, many protector empowerments, and other teachings. In particular, he was fortunate to receive the special longevity transmission of the revelations of Surmang Tertön Zilnön Namkhai Dorje (zur mang gter ston zil gnon nam mkha'i rdo rje), when the same came to Tsurphu as well, to offer it to the Karmapa. Two other great Karma Kagyu masters who were to become two of Sangye Nyenpa's most important root teachers, were the 11th Tai Situpa Pema Wangchog Gyalpo (pad ma dbang mchog rgyal po, 1886-1952), from whom he received full monastic ordination in his twenties, and the 2nd Kongtrul, Jamgon Choktrul Palden Khyentse Özer ('jam mgon mchog sprul dpal ldan mkhyen brtse'i 'od zer, 1904-1953), commonly known as Karsey Kongtrul. From the masters of the major Nyingma monasteries in eastern Tibet, such as Khatog, Shechen and Dzogchen, Sangye Nyenpa received many Terma transmissions, such as the revelations of Ratna Lingpa, Dorje Linga and Sangye Lingpa, and much more. His outlook and practice having been completely non-sectarian, he also received and transmitted teachings from the Sakyapa and Gelugpa schools. Practicing many solitary retreats in which he trained in all the major transmissions he had received, he experienced many visionary encounters with masters of the past and received instructions and prophecies from them, as well as from yidam deities and dakinis. In 1959 he fled Eastern Tibet, first to Central Tibet, where he spent time at Tsurphu monastery with the 16th Karmapa Rangjung Rigpe Dorje (rang byung rig pa'i rdo rje, 1924-1981), and then on to Sikkim, where he spent his remaining years in the Karmapa's Rumtek monastery. He passed away on "Lhabab Düchen", the 22nd day of the 9th month of the Tibetan Water-Tiger year, 1962. In November 1964 the 10th Sangye Nyenpa Rinpoche was born near the sacred site of Paro Taktsang in Bhutan.H.H. Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche has composed a short biography of his older brother. It is entitled "sangs rgyas mnyan sprul dgu pa'i rnam thar mdor bsdus pa'i sa bon" and is included in Vol. 1, pp. 275-306 of his collected works. (Source: [https://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/9th_Sangye_Nyenpa_Rinpoche RYWiki])ex.php/9th_Sangye_Nyenpa_Rinpoche RYWiki]))
Eimer, H. + (Helmut Eimer, Ph.D. (1974) in Indology, Ti … Helmut Eimer, Ph.D. (1974) in Indology, Tibetan and Oriental Art History, University of Bonn, is a senior researcher (emeritus) at that same university. He has published extensively on, e.g. the life of Atisha (Dipankarashrijnana), Kanjur transmission, collections of Tibetan manuscripts and blockprints. His most recent work is ''The Early Mustang Kanjur Catalogue'' (dkar chag) (Vienna, 1999). ([https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Many_Canons_of_Tibetan_Buddhism.html?id=jubNIsX6P50C Source Accessed Feb 22, 2021])ubNIsX6P50C Source Accessed Feb 22, 2021]))
Sangye Nyenpa, 10th + (His Eminence, the 10th Sangye Nyenpa Rinpo … His Eminence, the 10th Sangye Nyenpa Rinpoche was born in 1964 at Paro Taktsang, Guru Rinpoche’s temple, Bhutan and was recognized by His Holiness, the 16th Karmapa, who saw through His undiluted wisdom eye the birthplace, the name of the parents, the year and sign of birth and thus gave clear indications. Nyenpa Rinpoche was born in a family of practitioners; Sangye Lekpa and the mother Karma Tshewang Choden.At the tender age of four, he brought to Rumtek Monastery by His Holiness the 16th Karmapa Ranjung Rigpe Dorje, where he was enthroned by His Holiness the 16th Karmapa and given the name of "Karma Palden Rangjung Thrinle Kunkyab Tenpe Gyaltsen Pal Sangpo". He received from His Holiness the 16th Karmapa the Novice and Bodhisattva vows, many empowerment of the highest Yoga Tantra, instructions on Chagchen Da Ser, Marig Münsel (Eliminating the Darkness of Ignorance), Chöku Tzubtsug (Pointing out the Dharmakaya), etc and this was introduced to the ultimate realisation. His Eminence Sangye Nyenpa was brought up at Rumstek Monastery by His Holiness the 16th Karmapa and many other masters; had a particularly close relationship with His Holiness Dilgo Kyentse Rinpoche. The previous 9th Sangye Nyenpa Rinpoche, who passed away in Rumstek in 1962, had been His Holiness Dilgo Kyentse Rinpoche's older brother. From an early age, he has been studying Buddhist philosophy with various teachers of the Kagyu and Nyingma traditions, including His Holiness the 16th Karmapa and His Holiness Dilgo Kyentse Rinpoche. His thorough education on Sutrayana and Tantrayana textual learning, philosophy, liturgy, meditation and so forth at Nalanda Institute in Rumstek, Sikkim was a total of eighteen years and obtained the title of an Acharya. An accomplished scholar and practitioner, His Eminence Sangye Nyenpa Rinpoche taught three years at the Institute.His Eminence Sangye Nyenpa Rinpoche is one of the most learned Rinpoches in both philosophy and tantric rituals. When the construction of the Benchen Monastery was completed in the early nineties, His Eminence Sangye Nyenpa Rinpoche gave the transmission of the whole Kangyur to several thousand people.In recent years, he has restored his traditional seat in Nangchen, the great Benchen Monastery, which was originally founded by the 4th Sangye Nyenpa Rinpoche. The Benchen Monastery is being looked after by himself and in 2006, on the 15th day of the new Tibetan year, the third three year- three-fortnight retreat began under the Sangye Nyenpa Rinpoche's guidance.His other projects consisted of completion of a monastic university, or "Shedra" in Pharping near Kathmandu for the purpose of teaching Buddhist Philosophy. He has also rebuilt the monastery in Qinghai, China and has also been giving transmission to His Holiness the 17th Karmapa in Gyuto Monastery and as well as to many monks & to the public at Sherabling Monastery, India. As of recent His Eminence Sangye Nyenpa Rinpoche has a vision to built a modest retreat centre in Gomphukora, East Bhutan at a religious ground that was blessed by Guru Rinpoche with many auspicious prayers carried out from time to time and is one of the pilgrimage grounds in Bhutan. Currently, His Eminence Sangye Nyenpa travels to several countries in Asia and as far as Europe every year to spread Dharma teachings, give transmission to the public and effortlessly trying to help as many people as possible. Sangye Nyenpa Rinpoche resides at Benchen Phuntsok Dargyeling Monastery in Kathmandu, Nepal.tsok Dargyeling Monastery in Kathmandu, Nepal.)
Sakya Trizin, 41st + (His Holiness Kyabgon Gongma Trichen Rinpoc … His Holiness Kyabgon Gongma Trichen Rinpoche (The Sakya Trichen) served as the 41st head of the Sakya Order of Tibetan Buddhism until March 2017, when the throneholder duties were handed over to His Holiness Ratna Vajra Rinpoche, the 42nd Sakya Trizin, formally addressed as His Holiness Kyabgon Gongma Trizin Rinpoche.His Holiness the Sakya Trichen is a member of Tibet‘s noble Khon family, which founded the Sakya Order in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Just as His Holiness the Dalai Lama is an emanation of Avalokiteshvara, the manifestation of all the Buddha’s great compassion, His Holiness the Sakya Trichen is the manifestation of all the Buddha’s transcendent wisdom.In addition to his leadership of the Sakya Order for over fifty years, His Holiness Sakya Trichen is renowned throughout the world for the brilliance and clarity of his teachings and his fluency and precise command of English. Receiving teachings directly from His Holiness carries a special lineage of blessings from the founders of the Sakya Order, as well as from Manjushri himself. ([http://hhsakyatrizin.net/sakya-trichen/ Source Accessed June 26, 2020])His Holiness was born on the 7th of September 1945, the 1st day of the 8th Lunar month in the year of the Wood Bird at the Sakya palace in Tsedong.A complete bio and family history is available here on [http://hhsakyatrizin.net/sakya-trichen/ H.H. the Sakya Trizin's personal website].H.H. the Sakya Trizin's personal website].)
Penor Rinpoche + (His Holiness Penor Rinpoche (Wyl. pad nor … His Holiness Penor Rinpoche (Wyl. pad nor rin po che) or Kyabjé Drubwang Pema Norbu Rinpoche (1932-2009) was the 11th throne holder of the Palyul Lineage of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. He was the supreme head of the Nyingmapa lineage from 1993 to 2001.H.H. Penor Rinpoche was born in 1932, in the Powo region of Kham, East Tibet. Choktrul Rinpoche was his main master, although he received teachings from many lamas. Beside becoming learned in several subjects including writing, poetry, astrology and medicine, he studied the sutras with different khenpos.Aged twelve, he received from Choktrul Rinpoche the most important transmissions and empowerments of the Nyingma School, including the great empowerment of the Kagyé and the Rinchen Terdzö empowerments. From Karma Kuchen Rinpoche he received the terma revelations of Ratna Lingpa.At twenty one he was fully ordained by his master at Tarthang Monastery following the vinaya lineage transmitted to Tibet by Shantarakshita, receiving all the essential instructions and empowerments of the Nyingma tradition.He also received at that time the cycle of Tendrel Nyesel, Lerab Lingpa’s great terma revelation. He then completed a Vajrakilaya retreat and, having received all the transmissions of the Kangyur and Tengyur, he entered into retreat for four years during which his master gave him all the transmissions of the Palyul tradition, following the secret oral instructions of Tertön Mingyur Dorjé’s Namchö.Penor Rinpoche successfully completed all the stages of the practice, accomplishing the root recitations of the Three Roots (lama, yidam, and khandro), the Namchö preliminary practices, tummo and tsa-lung, and Dzogchen practices.He fled Tibet in 1959 and subsequently established Namdroling Monastery which is located in Karnataka State, in Southern India. Namdroling has become the largest Nyingma monastery in the world, where many khenpos, monks and nuns are receiving an education. Khenpo Namdrol, among others, is one of the main senior khenpos teaching at the shedra of Namdroling.Penor Rinpoche made his first visit to the United States in 1985.In 1993, he was elected the Supreme Head of the Nyingmapa, succeeding Kyabjé Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche. In 2001 the title passed to Kyabjé Minling Trichen Rinpoche. ([https://shakyamuni.net/lineage/his-holiness-penor-rinpoche/ Source])eage/his-holiness-penor-rinpoche/ Source]))
Hua, H. + (Hsuan Hua (Chinese: 宣化; pinyin: Xuānhuà; l … Hsuan Hua (Chinese: 宣化; pinyin: Xuānhuà; lit. 'proclaim and transform'; April 16, 1918 – June 7, 1995), also known as An Tzu, Tu Lun and Master Hua by his Western disciples, was a Chinese monk of Chan Buddhism and a contributing figure in bringing Chinese Buddhism to the United States in the late 20th century.Hsuan Hua founded several institutions in the US. The Dharma Realm Buddhist Association[1] (DRBA) is a Buddhist organization with chapters in North America, Australia and Asia. The City of Ten Thousand Buddhas (CTTB) in Ukiah, California, is one of the first Chan Buddhist monasteries in America. Venerable Master Hsuan Hua founded Dharma Realm Buddhist University at CTTB. The Buddhist Text Translation Society works on the phonetics and translation of Buddhist scriptures from Chinese into English, Vietnamese, Spanish, and many other languages. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hsuan_Hua Source Accessed June 3, 2021])i/Hsuan_Hua Source Accessed June 3, 2021]))
Hanshan Deqing + (Hānshān Déqīng (traditional Chinese: 憨山德清) … Hānshān Déqīng (traditional Chinese: 憨山德清) (1546–1623), formerly transliterated Han-Shan Te-Ch’ing, was a leading Buddhist monk and poet of Ming Dynasty China who widely propagated the teachings of Chán and Pure Land Buddhism.According to his autobiography, Hanshan Deqing entered a monastic school in Nanjing’s Bao’en temple at the age of twelve. While there he studied literature as well as religious subjects and began writing poetry when he was 17. Two years later he was ordained as a Chan monk under the Buddhist name of Cheng Yin. When the monastery burned down in 1566, he busied himself for some years in keeping the community together and raising money for repairs. Then in 1571 he set out as a religious wanderer, going from monastery to monastery in search of instruction and growing in meditative attainment. After four years he settled on Mount Wutai but by 1583 he had become famous as a Buddhist Master and set out travelling to remote areas again. It was at this time that he prefixed his name with that of Hanshan Peak so as to return to anonymity.In consequence of having organized a successful ceremony to ensure the birth of a male heir to the throne while he was still at Mount Wutai, Hanshan obtained the patronage of the emperor's mother. With her support he was able eventually to establish a new monastery at Mount Lao on the coast of the Shandong Peninsula. But when relations between the Wanli Emperor and his mother broke down over the choice of heir, Hanshan was caught in a conflict which also included tensions between Daoists and Buddhists. In 1595, he was put on trial and imprisoned, then afterwards exiled to the Guangdong area. While there, he made himself socially useful and also helped restore Nanhua Temple at Caoxi which, since the time that Huineng was entombed there, had been converted into a meat market. Some of the monks at the temple made a false accusation of embezzlement of the restoration funds against him and, though he was acquitted, he did not return there.Between 1611-22 Hanshan resumed his wanderings from monastery to monastery and also continued writing the religious expositions and commentaries he had begun during his exile. Shortly before his death in 1623 he returned south to Caoxi, where his body was eventually enshrined. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanshan_Deqing Source Accessed Apr 19, 2022])shan_Deqing Source Accessed Apr 19, 2022]))
Patil, P. + (I am currently Professor of Religion and I … I am currently Professor of Religion and Indian Philosophy at Harvard University, where I have been teaching since receiving my PhD from the University of Chicago in 2002. From 2011-2017, I was Chair of the then newly formed Department of South Asian Studies.My primary academic interests are in the history of philosophy in India and its relevance to disciplinary work in Philosophy, South Asian Studies, and the Study of Religion, the three program units in which I teach. Although my philosophical interests are quite broad, I have focused on Buddhist philosophy in India, the Old and New Epistemologists, and Indian traditions of physicalism and skepticism. I also have long-standing interests in contemporary Anglo-American philosophy of religion.Against a Hindu God (Columbia 2009) is a book-length work on Buddhist epistemology and the philosophy of language and mind that supports it. Its textual focus is the work of a Buddhist philosopher named Ratnakīrti and his critique of Nyāya inferential arguments for the existence of God. Buddhist Philosophy of Language in India (Columbia 2010), which I co-authored with my colleague Lawrence J. McCrea, is a study of Jñānaśrīmitra’s Monograph on Exclusion, a text in which he develops and defends the famous Buddhist theory of Apoha.Jñānaśrīmitra and his student Ratnakīrti lived and worked at the monastic and educational complex of Vikramaśīla during the final phase of Buddhism in India. Philosophy at Vikramaśīla continues to fascinate me. At present, I am working on late Buddhist debates on the possibility of contentless consciousness, the metaphysics of relational properties, mereology, and an inference-rule called antarvyāpti.I am also at work on two book length projects on the New Epistemologists of late pre-modern and early modern India. A Reader in the New Epistemologists (Columbia 2020), which is part of the Historical Sourcebook in Indian Traditions series at Columbia University Press, and a monograph, Belief, Desire, and Motivation in the Philosopher’s Stone, which is on Gaṅgeśa’s Tattvacintāmaṇi.Recent work unrelated to these projects include The Impossibility of Freedom in Pre-Modern India, Why Metaphors Are Not a Source of Knowledge, and Dummett in India. In addition to philosophy, I also have interests in classical Sanskrit literature and literary theory and the history of Buddhism in India.([https://studyofreligion.fas.harvard.edu/people/parimal-g-patil Source: Harvard])u/people/parimal-g-patil Source: Harvard]))
Coghlan, I. + (Ian James Coghlan (Jampa Ignyen) trained a … Ian James Coghlan (Jampa Ignyen) trained as a monk at Jé College, Sera Monastic University, completing his studies in 1995, and holds a Ph.D. in Asian Studies from La Trobe University. He has translated and edited a number of works from Tibetan including ''Principles of Buddhist Tantra'' (with Kirti Tsenshap Rinpoché and Voula Zarpani); ''Hundreds of Deities of Tusita, An Offering Cloud of Nectar'', and ''Stairway to the State of Union'' (with Choden Rinpoché and Voula Zarpani). Currently he is a translator for the Institute of Tibetan Classics and an adjunct research fellow at SOPHIS, Monash University. (Source: [https://wisdomexperience.org/product/ornament-abhidharma/ Wisdom Publications])ornament-abhidharma/ Wisdom Publications]))
De Rachewiltz, I. + (Igor de Rachewiltz was an Italian historia … Igor de Rachewiltz was an Italian historian and philologist specializing in Mongol studies. [He] was born in Rome, the son of Bruno Guido and Antonina Perosio. The de Rachewiltz family was of noble roots. His grandmother was a Tatar from Kazan in central Russia who claimed lineage from the Golden Horde. In 1947, he read Michael Prawdin's book ''Tschingis-Chan und seine Erben'' (Genghis Khan and his Heritage) and became interested in learning the Mongolian language. He graduated with a law degree from a university in Rome and pursued Oriental studies in Naples. In the early 1950s, de Rachewiltz went to Australia on scholarship. He earned his PhD in Chinese history from Australian National University, Canberra in 1961. His dissertation was on Genghis Khan's secretary, 13th-century Chinese scholar Yelü Chucai.Starting in 1965 he became a fellow at the Department of Far Eastern History, Australian National University (1965–67). He made a research trip to Europe (1966–67). He published a translation of ''The Secret History of the Mongols'' in eleven volumes of ''Papers on Far Eastern History'' (1971–1985). He became a senior Fellow of the Division of Pacific and Asian History at the Australian National University (1967–94), a research-only fellowship. He completed projects by prominent Mongolists Antoine Mostaert and Henri Serruys after their deaths. He was a visiting professor at the University of Rome three times (1996, 1999, 2001). In 2004 he published his translation of the ''Secret History'' with Brill; it was selected by Choice as Outstanding Academic Title (2005) and is now in its second edition. In 2007 he donated his personal library of around 6000 volumes to the Scheut Memorial Library at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. Late in his life de Rachewiltz was an emeritus Fellow in the Pacific and Asian History Division of the Australian National University. His research interests included the political and cultural history of China and Mongolia in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, East-West political and cultural contacts, and Sino-Mongolian philology generally. In 2015, de Rachewiltz published an open access version of his previous translation, ''The Secret History of the Mongols: A Mongolian Epic Chronicle of the Thirteenth Century'', that is a full translation but omits the extensive footnotes of his previous translations. Igor de Rachewiltz died on July 30, 2016. He was 87. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_de_Rachewiltz Source Accessed Feb 22, 2021])_Rachewiltz Source Accessed Feb 22, 2021]))
Guṇabhadra + (Indian scholiast and major translator of B … Indian scholiast and major translator of Buddhist scriptures into Chinese during the Liu Song period (420–479). Born in central India to a brāhmaṇa family, he is said to have studied in his youth the five traditional Indian sciences, as well as astronomy, calligraphy, mathematics, medicine, and magic. He was converted to Buddhism and began systematically to study Buddhist texts, starting with the Abhidharma and proceeding through the most influential Mahāyāna texts, such as the ''Mahāprajñāpāramitāsūtra'' and ''Avataṃsakasūtra''. Around 435, he departed from Sri Lanka for China, arriving in Guangzhou by sea. In China, he devoted himself to teaching and translating Buddhist scriptures, carrying out most of his translations of Mahāyāna and mainstream Buddhist texts while residing in Qiyuansi in Jiankang and Xinsi in Jingzhou. He translated a total of fifty-two scriptures in 134 rolls, including the ''Saṃyuktāgama'' and the ''Prakaranapāda'' [śāstra], both associated with the Sarvāstivāda school, such seminal Mahāyāna texts as the ''[[Śrīmālādevīsiṃhanādasūtra]]'' and the ''Laṅkāvatārasūtra''. In the ''Lengqie shizi ji'', a Chan genealogical history associated with the Northern school (Bei zong) of the early Chan tradition, Guṇabhadra is placed before Bodhidharma in the Chan patriarchal lineage, perhaps because of his role in translating the ''Laṅkāvatārasūtra'', an important scriptural influence in the early Chan school. (Source: "Guṇabhadra." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 336. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27)ttp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27))
McLeod, I. + (Ingrid McLeod earned a B.A. in Psychology. … Ingrid McLeod earned a B.A. in Psychology. She completed two three-year retreats at Kagyu Ling France, her first from 1976–1980, and her second from 1980–1983. She was resident lama at Montreal Dharma Center from 1985–1987. She is a founding member and coordinator of Kalu Rinoche's International Translation Group. And she was a Tsadra Foundation fellow from 2001 to 2008.Completed Projects as a Tsadra Foundation Fellow* ''The Treasury of Knowledge: Book VI, Part 4; Systems of Buddhist Tantra'', Jamgön Kongtrul (with Elio Guarisco)* ''The Treasury of Knowledge: Book VIII, Part 3; The Elements of Tantric Practice'', Jamgön Kongtrul (with Elio Guarisco)Previously Published Translations (with participation of Kalu Rinpoche’s Translation Group)* ''The Treasury of Knowledge: Book I; Myriad Worlds'', Jamgön Kongtrul* ''The Treasury of Knowledge: Book V; Buddhist Ethics'', Jamgön KongtrulBook V; Buddhist Ethics'', Jamgön Kongtrul)
Horner, I. + (Isaline Blew Horner (30 March 1896 – 25 Ap … Isaline Blew Horner (30 March 1896 – 25 April 1981), usually cited as I. B. Horner, was an English Indologist, a leading scholar of Pali literature and late president of the Pali Text Society (1959–1981). On 30 March 1896 Horner was born in Walthamstow in Essex, England. Horner was a first cousin once removed of the British Theravada monk Ajahn Amaro. In 1917, at the University of Cambridge's women's college Newnham College, Horner was awarded the title of a B.A. in moral sciences. After her undergraduate studies, Horner remained at Newnham College, becoming in 1918 an assistant librarian and then, in 1920, acting librarian. In 1921, Horner traveled to Ceylon (Sri Lanka), India and Burma where she was first introduced to Buddhism, its literature and related languages. In 1923, Horner returned to England where she accepted a Fellowship at Newnham College and became its librarian. In 1928, she became the first Sarah Smithson Research Fellow in Pali Studies. In 1930, she published her first book, ''Women Under Primitive Buddhism''. In 1933, she edited her first volume of Pali text, the third volume of the ''Papancasudani'' (Majjhima Nikaya commentary). In 1934, Horner was awarded the title of an M.A. from Cambridge. From 1939 to 1949, she served on Cambridge's Governing Body. From 1926 to 1959, Horner lived and traveled with her companion "Elsie," Dr. Eliza Marian Butler (1885–1959). ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaline_Blew_Horner Source Accessed Apr 22, 2020])Blew_Horner Source Accessed Apr 22, 2020]))
Waldo, I. + (Ives Waldo (Rime Lodro Waldo) studied with … Ives Waldo (Rime Lodro Waldo) studied with Trungpa Rinpoche from 1970 to 1988, and was trained in Tibetan translation as a member of the Nalanda Translation Committee, of which he is still a member. He participated in the translations of ''The Rain of Wisdom, The Life of Marpa'', and many liturgical texts. He has also recently worked on ''The Life of Tilopa''. ([http://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/Ives_Waldo Source Accessed Sept 18, 2020])Ives_Waldo Source Accessed Sept 18, 2020]))
Dalton, J. + (Jacob Dalton, Professor and Khyentse Found … Jacob Dalton, Professor and Khyentse Foundation Distinguished Professor of Tibetan Buddhism, received his Ph.D. in Buddhist Studies from the University of Michigan in 2002. After working for three years (2002-05) as a researcher with the International Dunhuang Project at the British Library, he taught at Yale University (2005-2008) before moving to Berkeley. He works on Nyingma religious history, tantric ritual, early Tibetan paleography, and the Dunhuang manuscripts. He is the author of The Taming of the Demons: Violence and Liberation in Tibetan Buddhism (Yale University Press, 2011) and Through the Eyes of the Compendium of Intentions: The History of a Tibetan Ritual Tradition (Columbia University Press, under review), and co-author of Tibetan Tantric Manuscripts from Dunhuang: A Descriptive Catalogue of the Stein Collection at the British Library (Brill, 2006). He is currently working on a study of tantric ritual in the Dunhuang manuscripts.([https://ealc.berkeley.edu/people/dalton-jacob Source: UC Berkeley])/people/dalton-jacob Source: UC Berkeley]))
Leschly, J. + (Jakob became a student of Buddhism in 1974 … Jakob became a student of Buddhism in 1974. He traveled to India in 1975, where he became a student of Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, as well as Tulku Pema Wangyal. He met Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse in 1977 and became his student as well.In the early 1980s Jakob did a three-year retreat in France, after which he worked for Association de Centre d’Etudes de Chanteloube. He has worked on translations from Tibetan, including Shabkar and Wondrous Dance of Illusion (supported by Tsadra Foundation), and has also served as oral interpreter for several lamas. In the 1990s he lived in Bir, translating both Madhyamaka and sadhana material for Siddhartha’s Intent. In the late 1990s he began leading study and practice programs for SI Western Door.Working toward clear and inclusive presentations of Buddhism for modern lay people and non-Buddhists, Jakob wrote and edited many of the early summaries and blurbs presenting Rinpoche’s teachings and programs. In the 2000s he earned a BA in Tibetology at the University of Copenhagen, exploring the commonalities and differences between Buddhism and western humanities and sciences. Since 2008 he has lived in Australia, where he presently directs study and practice programs for SI Australia. He is also a member of the KF Ashoka Translation Grants Subcommittee. ([https://khyentsefoundation.org/project/jakob-leschly/ Source: Khyentse Foundation])kob-leschly/ Source: Khyentse Foundation]))
Sakya Trizin, 13th + (Jamyang Donyo Gyeltsen, the Thirteenth Sakya Tridzin, was the brother of the Twelfth Sakya Tridzin, Namkha Lekpai Gyeltsen, and the son of the Eleventh. He held the seat of Sakya from 1343 to his death two years later.)
Sobisch, J. + (Jan Sobisch studied Tibetology as main sub … Jan Sobisch studied Tibetology as main subject at Hamburg University (1985-1992, Prof. Seyfort Ruegg), and the minor subjects Classical Indology (1986-1992, Profs. Schmithausen and Wezler), and Philosophy (1990-1992, Prof. Schnädelbach). During his dissertation (Prof. David Jackson), he worked on a genre of Tibetan literature that debates theories of simultaneously practising without conflicts and within a single mental continuum the ethics and vows of sravakas, bodhisattvas and mantra adepts. During these years (1994-1999) he also worked half time in the Nepal-German Manuscript Preservation Project for Prof. Wezler. While working for the project, he discovered among microfilms made available to us the 30 volumes of the complete works of A mes zhabs (1597-1659), one of the most prolific Tibetan writers on history and mantra.This enabled him to obtain two stipends from the German Research Council (DFG) for studying the manuscripts of A mes zhabs' works (leading to the publication of a catalogue and study) and his documents of transmission (gsan yig or thob yig). The latter project Sobisch passed on to a successor when he accepted the position of an assistant professor in Copenhagen. Within A mes zhabs' works he found numerous writings on the Hevajra Tantra and the connected Path with Its Fruits cycle (lam 'bras). These he researched in his early years in Copenhagen, leading to the publication of a study of the Indian and Tibetan literatures of these teachings. In 2006, he received tenure in Copenhagen and put much effort into building a study program for Tibetan that included classical, Buddhist, and modern studies. His research in the past ten years focussed on the early 'Bri gung bKa' brgyud pas and their unique dGongs gcig, a text that had a tremendous impact on the formation of the bKa' brgyud pas from the 13th c. onwards. His monograph on this work is accepted for publication in the Indian and Tibetan Buddhist Studies Series of Wisdom Publications.Unfortunately, the Danish government began a series of dramatic budget cuts that resulted in the dismissal of over 500 persons at the University of Copenhagen. In order to save the larger programs like Chinese and Religious Studies, his institute leadership decided to sacrifice the smaller subjects like Tibetan, Sanskrit and Thai Studies, and Sobisch was laid-off with six months notice in February, 2016. In the same year he was granted the Humboldt Research Award in recognition of his entire achievements in research to date.([https://ceres.rub.de/de/personen/jsobisch/ Source Accessed Sept 9, 2020])n/jsobisch/ Source Accessed Sept 9, 2020]))
Willis, J. + (Janice Dean Willis, or Jan Willis (born 19 … Janice Dean Willis, or Jan Willis (born 1948) is Professor of Religion at Wesleyan University, where she has taught since 1977; and the author of books on Tibetan Buddhism. She has been called influential by Time Magazine, Newsweek (cover story), and Ebony Magazine. Aetna Inc.'s 2011 African American History Calendar features professor Willis as one of thirteen distinguished leaders of faith-based health initiatives in the United States.Willis grew up in Docena, Alabama (near Birmingham), as the daughter of a Baptist deacon and steelworker. While traveling through Asia during the early 1970s, she became the student of Tibetan lama Thubten Yeshe, who encouraged her academic pursuits. She received BA and MA degrees in philosophy from Cornell University (thesis: History, Faith, and Kerygma; A Critique of Bultmann's Existentialist Theology.), and a Ph.D. in Indic and Buddhist Studies from Columbia University (dissertation: A Study of the Chapter on Reality Based Upon the Tattvartha-patalam of Asanga's Bodhisattvabhumi.).Since 2006, she has contributed to the group blog On Faith (sponsored by Newsweek and the Washington Post) alongside Elie Wiesel, Desmond Tutu, and Madeleine Albright, among others. In 2003, she was awarded Wesleyan University's Binswanger Prize for Excellence in Teaching. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Willis Source Accessed May 17, 2021])/Jan_Willis Source Accessed May 17, 2021]))
Jean Baker Miller + (Jean Baker was born to a poor family in th … Jean Baker was born to a poor family in the Bronx (Backman, 1998). She suffered from polio from the age of eleven months (Backman, 1988). She had to wear braces until the age of seven and had two operations before twelve years old (Backman, 1988).Growing up during the Great Depression had a great impact on her view of women (Backman, 1988). Most of the families in the neighborhood had working women in them; these families were looked down upon (Backman, 1988). It was during her twice weekly visits to the area hospital brought her in contact with two working women who gave her a positive view of women, a view that would stay with her for the rest of her life. The women were two twin sisters who worked as nurses (Backman, 1988). They were able to convince Miller's mother to allow her to attend a special women's school, the Hunter College High School (Backman, 1988). The school was an hour away by subway, but because of the two nurses' insisting, she was allowed to attend the school , thus starting her on her career (Backman, 1988). Were it not for these two women, women's psychology may be quite different today. [http://www.webster.edu/~woolflm/jbmiller.html Source]webster.edu/~woolflm/jbmiller.html Source])
Watt, J. + (Jeff Watt (Wikipedia), one of the leading … Jeff Watt (Wikipedia), one of the leading scholars of Himalayan art, acquired his prodigious knowledge of Buddhist, Bon and Hindu iconography from a longtime study of Buddhism and Tantra. As a teenager, he studied with Dezhung Rinpoche (Seattle, Wash.) and Sakya Trizin (Dehradun, India), dropping out of school at seventeen to take monastic vows from the 16th Gyalwa Karmapa. For the next eleven years, Watt trained intensively in India, Canada and the U.S., with teachers such as Dudjom Rinpoche, Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, Kalu Rinpoche, and Sakya Jetsun Chimey. In 1985 he gave back his monastic ordinations but continued to study and to translate sacred Tibetan and Sanskrit texts, along with completing numerous traditional retreats over years of periodic isolated practice, much of it in the rugged mountains of British Columbia, Canada. He is the Director and Chief Curator of Himalayan Art Resources (HAR), a website and 'virtual museum' featuring upwards of 100,000 images with detailed descriptions, making it the most comprehensive resource for Himalayan 'style' art and iconography in the world. He has worked on HAR since April 1998 at which time there were 625 images in total (Tibetan paintings only). Source: ([https://www.himalayanart.org/search/set.cfm?setID=1769 Himalayan Art Resources])rg/search/set.cfm?setID=1769 Himalayan Art Resources]))
Bondurant, J. + (Jenny Bondurant is a Buddhist teacher who … Jenny Bondurant is a Buddhist teacher who leads workshops and retreats for people from all walks of life and traditions. She has practiced meditation for over thirty years and began teaching under the direction of Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche, with whom she studied until his death. Her teacher is now Anam Thubten, who has ordained her as a teacher in his lineage. She lives in Santa Fe, New Mexico. ([https://www.inquiringmind.com/article/3101_33_bondurant_3-beautiful-loser-shantideva-and-the-way-of-the-bodhisavttva/ Source Accessed Jan 5, 2022])odhisavttva/ Source Accessed Jan 5, 2022]))
Palmo, Jetsunma Tenzin + (Jetsunma Tenzin Palmo is a bhikṣuṇī in th … Jetsunma Tenzin Palmo is a bhikṣuṇī in the Drukpa Lineage of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism. She is an author, teacher and founder of the Dongyu Gatsal Ling Nunnery in Himachal Pradesh, India.Diane Perry grew up in London's East End. At the age of 18 however, she read a book on Buddhism and realised that this might fill a long-sensed void in her life... In 1963, at the age of 20, she went to India and met her root guru, His Eminence the 8th Khamtrul Rinpoche of the Drukpa Kagyu lineage. In 1976 she secluded herself in a remote cave 13,000 feet up in the Himalayas, where she stayed for 12 years between the ages of 33 and 45. In this mountain hideaway she faced unimaginable cold, wild animals, floods, snow and rockfalls, grew her own food and slept in a traditional wooden meditation box, three feet square - she never lay down. In 1988 she emerged from the cave with a determination to build a convent in northern India to revive the Togdenma lineage, a long-forgotten female spiritual elite. (Source: ''Cave in the Snow'', Bloomsbury, 1999.)In 2001 construction began at the Padhiarkar site for the [https://tenzinpalmo.com Dongyu Gatsal Ling Nunnery]. H.E. Khamtrul Rinpoche gave the nunnery the name ''Dongyu Gatsal Ling'', which translates as “Garden of the Authentic Lineage”.In February 2008 Tenzin Palmo was given the rare title of Jetsunma, which means Venerable Master, by His Holiness the 12th Gyalwang Drukpa, Head of the Drukpa Kagyu lineage in recognition of her spiritual achievements as a nun and her efforts in promoting the status of female practitioners in Tibetan Buddhism.Tenzin Palmo spends most of the year at Dongyu Gatsal Ling Nunnery and occasionally tours to give teachings and raise funds for the ongoing needs of the DGL nuns and Nunnery.In addition to her role as Founding Director of Dongyu Gatsal Ling Nunnery, Jetsunma is a former President of Sakyadhita International Association of Buddhist Women, Founding Director of the Alliance of Non Himalayan Nuns, Honorary Advisor to the International Network of Engaged Buddhists, co-president of the International Buddhist Confederation [IBC], and Founding Member of the Committee for Bhiksuni Ordination.To find out more about Jetsunma Tenzin Palmo’s life, read Vicki Mackenzie’s biography Cave in the Snow published by Bloomsbury, and see the ‘Cave in the Snow’ DVD directed by Liz Thompson and narrated by Rachel Ward. ([https://tenzinpalmo.com/jetsunma-tenzin-palmo/ Source: TenzinPalmo.com])*Books: **1999. ''Cave in the Snow: A Western Woman's Quest for Enlightenment'', Bloomsbury. **2002. ''Reflections on a Mountain Lake'', Shambhala Publications.**2011. ''Into the Heart of Life'', Snow Lion Publications.e Heart of Life'', Snow Lion Publications.)
Scott, J. + (Jim Scott, who has been a student and tran … Jim Scott, who has been a student and translator for Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche for over 25 years, is well known for both his translation work and his musical compositions of the songs of Milarepa. He lives in Denmark, where he founded a Buddhist society inspired by both the 16th Karmapa and Kalu Rinpoche, and he teaches annually at Pullahari Monastery in Nepal, and in Europe and the USA. ([http://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/Jim_Scott Source Accessed Sept 17, 2020])/Jim_Scott Source Accessed Sept 17, 2020]))
Park, Jin + (Jin Y. Park is Professor of Philosophy and … Jin Y. Park is Professor of Philosophy and Religion and Founding Director of Asian Studies Program at American University. Park's research areas include East Asian Buddhism (especially Zen and Huayan Buddhism), postmodernism, deconstruction, Buddhist ethics, Buddhist philosophy of religion, Buddhist-postmodern comparative philosophy, and modern East Asian philosophy. Park’s research in Buddhism focuses on the Zen and Huayan schools of East Asian Buddhism on language, violence, and ethics. In her comparative study, Park reads Zen and Huayan Buddhism together with postmodern thought in Continental philosophy, with a special focus on Jacques Derrida’s deconstruction. Park’s research on modern East Asian philosophy examines the dawn of philosophy in East Asia and the East-West encounter in this context. In her monograph ''Buddhism and Postmodernity: Zen, Huayan, and the Possibility of Buddhist-Postmodern Ethics'' (2008), Park discusses Buddhism and continental philosophy on the topics of, among others, self, language, and violence. In this book, Park offers the "ethics of tension" as a potential ethical paradigm drawn from Buddhism and postmodern philosophy. ''Reflections of a Zen Buddhist Nun'' (2014), is a translation of a book published in Korean in 1960 by Kim Iryŏp (1896-1971), a writer, first-generation Korean feminist, Buddhist nun, and philosopher. In this book, Kim Iryŏp offers a creative interpretation of Buddhist philosophy and practice. In ''Women and Buddhist Philosophy: Engaging Zen Master Kim Iryop'' (2017), Park proposes a new mode of philosophizing based on the discussion of Kim Iryŏp’s life and philosophy. Park is also the editor of volumes: ''Buddhisms and Deconstructions'' (2006), ''Merleau-Ponty and Buddhism'' (co-edited, 2009), ''Comparative Political Theory and Cross-Cultural Philosophy'' (2009), and ''Makers of Modern Korean Buddhism'' (2010). ([https://www.american.edu/cas/faculty/jypark.cfm Source Accessed May 18, 2020])/jypark.cfm Source Accessed May 18, 2020]))
Canti, J. + (John Canti is a Buddhist practitioner, tra … John Canti is a Buddhist practitioner, translator, physician and the current Editorial Director of 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha. John first had contact with Buddhist teachers while studying medicine at Cambridge University in England, and started to practice under their guidance. In 1972, he met Dudjom Rinpoche, who became one of his three principal teachers. The others were Kangyur Rinpoche and Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, both of whom he met soon afterwards.In 1980 John undertook 2 consecutive three-year retreats retreats in the Dordogne, France, practicing under the guidance of Dudjom Rinpoche, Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, Pema Wangyal Rinpoche, and Nyoshul Khenpo. Inspired by their teachers and with the aim of making some of the major works of Tibetan Buddhism available to Western readers, John and some of his fellow retreatants formed the Padmakara Translation Group, of which he is now president. He also had the honor of serving Dudjom Rinpoche as physician during his final years, and subsequently coordinated the medical care of other lamas and practitioners in India, Nepal, and Europe, as well as that of three-year retreatants in the Dordogne.Still based in the Dordogne, he has continued his translation work with Padmakara, and for many years was also a Tsadra Foundation Fellow. In 2009, John was appointed Editorial Chair of the 84000 project by Dzongsar Khyentse Rinpoche. ([https://84000.co/public-talk-sunday-dec-15th-berlin/ Source Accessed Jan 15, 2020])5th-berlin/ Source Accessed Jan 15, 2020]))
Pettit, J. + (John Whitney Pettit has been a student of … John Whitney Pettit has been a student of many Tibetan and other Buddhist teachers, especially the first Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche. He holds advanced degrees in religion and Buddhist Studies from Harvard and Columbia University, and is the author of ''Mipham’s Beacon of Certainty'' (Wisdom, 1999). Since 2005, he has researched and translated Tibetan commentaries on the topic of Buddha-nature, which are the subject of a forthcoming volume to be published by the Institute of Tibetan Classics. ([http://www.ewamchoden.org/?p=3702 Source Accessed Aug 5, 2020]).org/?p=3702 Source Accessed Aug 5, 2020]))
Waxman, J. + (Joseph Waxman is a writing and editing pro … Joseph Waxman is a writing and editing professional from Vershire, Vermont. He performs medical and scientific writing, writing on Buddhist teachings, and writes fiction. He is currently an editor for [https://www.mangalashribhuti.org/ Mangala Shri Bhuti], the Dharma organization of Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche. He has served as editor for ''Training in Tenderness'' and ''The Intelligent Heart'', both by Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche, published by Shambhala in 2018 and 2016. He was the Editor-in-chief of ''Crucial Point'', a journal of Tibetan Buddhist teachings by Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche and other teachers in the Longchen Nyingtik lineage. And he was co-editor of ''Like a Diamond'', Dzigar Kongtrul's book-length overview of the Tibetan Buddhist path, published by Palri Editions in 2008. ([https://www.linkedin.com/in/joseph-waxman-4060932a/ Adapted from Source Apr 5, 2021])060932a/ Adapted from Source Apr 5, 2021]))
Lief, J. + (Judy Lief is a Buddhist teacher who traine … Judy Lief is a Buddhist teacher who trained under the Tibetan meditation master Ven. Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche. She has been a teacher and practitioner for over 35 years, and continues to teach throughout the world. Ms. Lief was a close student of Ven. Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche, who trained and empowered her as a teacher in the Buddhist and Shambhala traditions.Judy is a writer. Ms. Lief is the editor of numerous books on Buddhist meditation and psychology. She is the author of Making Friends with Death: A Buddhist Guide to Encountering Mortality and numerous articles. Her articles have appeared in The Shambhala Sun, Tricycle, O Magazine, Buddhadharma, and The Naropa Journal of Contemplative Psychotherapy.She is also an editor. Ms. Lief is the editor of many of Trungpa Rinpoche’s books, including the recently published three-volume set, The Profound Treasury of the Ocean of Dharma, which gives a penetrating overview of the three-yana journey from beginning to end.'''Facing Mortality and Caring for the Dying''' Judy has been presenting classes and workshops on a contemplative approach to death and dying, and on the teachings of The Tibetan Book of the Dead, since 1976. She had the privilege of working with Florence Wald, a founding mother of the Hospice movement in the United States and former head of the Yale School of Nursing, on several conferences, workshops, and dialogues examining the role of spirituality in the care of the sick and dying. Ms. Lief was a keynote speaker at the 10th International Palliative Care Conference, held in Montreal in 1994, and more recently lead a workshop at the 2012 conference. In 2000-2001 Ms Lief served as pastoral counselor for the Maitri Day Health Center (an adult day health center for people with AIDS) in Yonkers, NY.Judy was an active member and chair of the Vermont based organization, the Madison-Deane Initiative, which produced the award winning documentary, Pioneers of Hospice, and has the mission of changing the face of dying through education and advocacy. She served on the board and was a member of the faculty of the Clinical Pastoral Education program at the Fletcher Allen Hospital in Burlington, Vermont.Ms. Lief offers workshops and retreats on the contemplative care of the dying for pastoral counselors, hospice workers, care givers, and medical personnel .'''Dealing with Cancer''' Judy is a founding faculty member of the Courageous Women, Fearless Living Cancer Retreat, held annually at the Shambhala Mountain Center. This retreat empowers women dealing with cancer through meditation and yoga, community, art, movement, and practical information from the integrative medicine perspective.'''Pilgrimages''' Judy leads pilgrimages to India, Tibet, and Bhutan under the auspices of Authentic Asia.'''Peace and Justice''' Judy is a founding member of The Contemplative Alliance, an affiliate of the Global Peace Initiative of Women. This organization brings together contemplatives and activists from many traditions who seek to apply contemplative understanding to pressing global issues.'''Background''' Education. From 1968-1972, Judy did graduate study, completing all but the dissertation at Columbia University in Sociology and Asian Studies. While there, she engaged in research at the Bureau of Applied Social Research and the South Asian Institute. Prior to Columbia she spend as yeas as a Fulbright Scholar in Lucknow, India. She graduated summa cum laude from Luther College in 1967.'''Buddhism''' Judy became a Buddhist practitioner in 1972, when she met her teacher Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche. She became a close student and studied with him until his death in 1987. She served under him as as executive editor of Vajradhatu Publications, and from 1980-1985, as the Dean of Naropa University, in Boulder Colorado. She was on the staff of the Maitri Therapeutic Community and also worked closely with Trungpa Rinpoche as the Head of Study and Practice at several of his advanced three-month training programs, called Vajradhatu Seminaries.'''Family''' Judy currently lives in Boulder, Colorado with her husband and their dog Loki. Her two daughters, Jessica and Deborah, son-in-law Frazier, and Judy and Chuck’s three grandchildren, Niamaya, Neruda, and Kaizer live nearby.([https://judylief.com/blog Source Accessed March 20, 2019])nd Kaizer live nearby. ([https://judylief.com/blog Source Accessed March 20, 2019]))
Levinson, J. + (Jules B. Levinson earned a doctoral degree … Jules B. Levinson earned a doctoral degree in Buddhist Studies at the University of Virginia, where he studied under the guidance of Jeffrey Hopkins. He has served as an oral translator for Khenchen Trangu Rinpoché, Khen Rinpoché Tsültrim Gyatso, and others. At present he lives and works in Boulder, Colorado. [http://www.shambhala.org/teachers/acharya/jlevinson.php Source]Jules B. Levinson graduated from Princeton University in 1975 and soon thereafter began studying at the University of Virginia under the guidance of Dr. Jeffrey Hopkins and the eminent Tibetan scholars invited by the University’s Center for South Asian Studies. He received a doctoral degree in Religious Studies from the University of Virginia in 1994. At present he lives and works in Boulder, Colorado.present he lives and works in Boulder, Colorado.)
Stenzel, J. + (Julia Stenzel is a doctoral student at McG … Julia Stenzel is a doctoral student at McGill University, Montreal, Canada.She received her M.A. in Religious Studies in 2008 from the Universityof the West, California, and lived four years in India and Nepal,studying at the International Buddhist Academy in Kathmandu. Sheis a project manager of the Sakya Pandita Translation Group and amember of the Chodung Karmo Translation Group. She began studyingTibetan in 1990 and has studied in France, Nepal and the UnitedStates. Her main lineages are Karma Kagyu and Sakya. She translatedbyang chub sems dpa’i spyod pa la ‘jug pa’i ‘grel pa legs par bzhad pa’i rgyamtsho by rgyal sras thogs med bzang po. (2014 Translation & Transmission Conference Program)slation & Transmission Conference Program))
Elliot, N. + (Kadam Neil Elliot is the resident teacher … Kadam Neil Elliot is the resident teacher at KMC London, and, also, the teacher of the STTP (special teacher training program).Kadam Neil has been a student of Venerable Geshe Kelsang Gyatso Rinpoche for nearly 40 years and has worked closely with him on editing and translating many of his books. He is a senior teacher who teaches the Special Teacher Training Programme at KMC London with over 800 people around the world studying on the programme by correspondence. ([https://meditaenmenorca.org/kadam-neil-elliot/?lang=en Source Accessed May 24, 2021])ot/?lang=en Source Accessed May 24, 2021]))
Karma nges don bstan 'dzin 'phrin las rab rgyas + (Karma Ngedon Tendzin Trinle Rabgye (karma … Karma Ngedon Tendzin Trinle Rabgye (karma nges don bstan 'dzin 'phrin las rab rgyas) was born in 1770, the iron-tiger year of thirteenth sexagenary cycle, in Kham (khams). He was identified as the reincarnation of Karma Ngelek Tendzin Trinle Rabgye (karma nges legs bstan 'dzin 'phrin las rab rgyas, b. 1700), a nephew of the Eighth Situ, Chokyi Jungne (si tu 08 chos kyi 'byung gnas, 1699-1774).As a youth, Karma Ngedon Tendzin Trinle Rabgye received monastic vows and Buddhist training at Pelpung Monastery (dpal spungs dgon). He specialized in the medical sciences.In 1789, when was twenty, he composed the influential medical treatise, the Jeweled Garland of Immortality ('chi med nor bu'i phreng ba), and later also composed a commentary work for it, the Jeweled Treasury of Wellness (phan bde nor bu'i bang mdzod). (Source: [https://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Karma-Ngedon-Tendzin-Trinle-Rabgye/2639 Treasury of Lives])zin-Trinle-Rabgye/2639 Treasury of Lives]))
Rin chen dar rgyas + (Karma Rinchen Dargye, also known as Karmé … Karma Rinchen Dargye, also known as Karmé Khenpo, was a nineteenth century master recognized at an early age as the reincarnation of master of the Kagyu lineage whose seat was at the monastery of Karma Monastery in Kham. He observed monastic discipline with greatest diligence. A close disciple of Chokgyur Lingpa himself, and he was one of the main lineage holders of Chokgyur Lingpa's termas. He wrote many commentaries which have been included in the Chokling Tersar collection, as well as his own collected works constitute four volumes. (source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Rinchen_Dargye Rigpa Wiki])ndex.php?title=Rinchen_Dargye Rigpa Wiki]))
Katok Situ, 3rd + (Katok Situ Chökyi Gyatso was the third inc … Katok Situ Chökyi Gyatso was the third incarnation from Katok monastery of the great master from Palpung, Situ Panchen Chökyi Jungné. He was born in 1880, near Katok monastery, and was the nephew of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo. He received his name Chos kyi rgya mtsho during his ordination, in front of Jamgön Kongtrul and Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo. Following his ordination, miraculous signs appeared which led to his recognition as the reincarnation of the deceased Katok Situ. He was then brought to Katok Dorje Den, where he studied the sutras and tantras from more than eighteen great masters, particularly Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, Jamgön Kongtrul, Patrul Rinpoche and Mipham Rinpoche. After Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo passed he begged Jamgön Kongtrul to recognize an incarnation of the great master for Katok monastery. Jamyang Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö was recognized as Katok Khyentse and Katok Situ Chökyi Gyatso took care of his upbringing and education. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Katok_Situ_Ch%C3%B6kyi_Gyatso Rigpa Wiki])Katok_Situ_Ch%C3%B6kyi_Gyatso Rigpa Wiki]))
Dowman, K. + (Keith Dowman is a translator and teacher o … Keith Dowman is a translator and teacher of Dzogchen. A student of the great Dzogchen lamas Dudjom Rinpoche and Kanjur Rinpoche, he has lived in Banares, India, and Kathmandu, Nepal, for 50 years. His translations include SkyDancer, and Longchenpa’s Natural Perfection and Spaciousness.A cultural refugee from his native England, Keith Dowman arrived in Banares, India in 1966, after travelling overland from Europe. Apart from an occasional foray back to the West he has spent a lifetime in the sub-continent, engaged in existential buddha dharma. In India and Nepal, not always in Tibetan refugee society, he has lived as a yogin, monk, pilgrim, and then as a householder, and as a scholar and poet gloriously free from western academia and cultural institutions of all shapes and sizes.In India in the ‘sixties he was fortunate enough to encounter the grandfather-lama refugees just after their arrival in India in the wake of the Chinese invasion of Tibet. In those heady years when the old lamas were totally receptive to the solicitation of western disciples seeking confirmation of the validity of their existential trajectories, he received initiation, empowerment, pith instruction and personal guidance from Dudjom Rinpoche Jigdral Yeshe Dorje and Kanjur Rinpoche Longchen Yeshe Dorje, who became his root gurus, among many other Nyingma lamas and lamas of other schools, notably Khamtrul Rimpoche and the 16th Karmapa Rikpai Dorje. As Chogyal Namkhai Norbu remarked "In communion with many great masters [Keith Dowman] has fortuitously absorbed the realization of Dzogchen."Settled in Kathmandu, in the ‘eighties he translated the Rabalaisian hagiography of The Divine Madman (Drukpa Kunley) and also that of the Guru’s Consort, Yeshe Tsogyel, in Skydancer, both of which remain in print. Entering Tibet immediately after it opened to foreign travelers, his three years of seasonal trekking in central Tibet resulted in The Pilgrim’s Guide to Central Tibet. The Power Places of Kathmandu was also written in the ‘eighties, description of pilgrimage in the Kathmandu Valley. Masters of Mahamudra: the Legends of the Eighty-Four Mahasiddhas was the fruit of his connection with the Kagyu school. More recently, spending less time in the polluted Kathmandu Valley, leaving Vajrayana behind, he has concentrated exclusively on the translation of Dzogchen texts: The Flight of the Garuda, Natural Perfection, Maya Yoga, The Great Secret of Mind, and Spaciousness: Longchenpa’s Treasury of the Dharmadhatu. Guru Pema Here and Now, The Mythology of the Lotus-Born, his most recent book, reverts to the imagery of the myth of Padmasambhava to illustrate the reality of Dzogchen.Teaching the Dharma since 1992, his original concern was to assist in bridge building from East to West, a conduit for the lamas’ buddha-dharma. Now that aim has been achieved, leaving even the Dzogchen that is embedded in Vajrayana behind, the essence of Dzogchen which he calls radical Dzogchen is his primary concern and the main content of his teaching.Still based in Kathmandu, he leads a nomadic lifestyle, teaching Dzogchen nonmeditation worldwide. This Dzogchen, derived from the early Nyingma tantras, free of the tendency toward the spiritual materialism so evident in western Buddhism, nonculturally specific, easily assimilable into Western culture, can, he believes provide a key to a renaissance, or at least a reformation, of Western mysticism in the existential mold. ([http://keithdowman.net/footer-pages/about-keith-dowman.html Source Accessed Feb 3, 2021])-dowman.html Source Accessed Feb 3, 2021]))
McLeod, K. + (Ken McLeod is a senior Western translator, … Ken McLeod is a senior Western translator, author, and teacher of Tibetan Buddhism. He received traditional training mainly in the Shangpa Kagyu lineage through a long association with his principal teacher, Kalu Rinpoche, whom he met in 1970. McLeod resides in Los Angeles, where he founded [https://unfetteredmind.org/ Unfettered Mind].ps://unfetteredmind.org/ Unfettered Mind].)
Kraft, K. + (Kenneth Lewis Kraft (July 16, 1949-October … Kenneth Lewis Kraft (July 16, 1949-October 1, 2018) was a professor of Buddhist studies and Japanese religions (emeritus) at Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.====Education====Kraft received a B.A. from Harvard University in 1971. He holds an M.A. in Asian Languages and Cultures from the University of Michigan (1978) and a Ph.D. in East Asian Studies from Princeton University (1984).====Career====In 1984, Kraft became a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard's Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies. He joined the Lehigh University faculty in 1990 and was appointed a full professor in 2001. At Lehigh he has served as chair of the Religion Studies department and director of the College Seminar Program.He was a visiting professor at the Stanford University Japan Center and a visiting scholar at the International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism, both in Kyoto. He also taught at the University of Pennsylvania and Swarthmore College.Kraft has served on the advisory boards of the Buddhist Peace Fellowship in Berkeley, California; the Forum on Religion and Ecology at Yale University; the ''Journal of Buddhist Ethics''; the Rochester Zen Center; and the World Faiths Development Dialogue in Washington DC.In 1992, he was featured in "The Creative Spirit," a PBS television series. In 2008, he participated in "Secrets of the Samurai Sword," a NOVA documentary, and, in 2009, "Inquiry into the Great Matter: A History of Zen Buddhism," an independent film.In his early research, Kraft explored the transmission of Zen from China to Japan in the 13th and 14th centuries. Zen master Daitō, a seminal figure in this process, is best known as an exemplar of post-enlightenment training. Kraft documented Daitō's life, his teaching, and his role in the development of capping phrases (''jakugo''), a form of spiritual/literary commentary.The transmission of Zen from Asia to the West accelerated after World War II. In 1988, Kraft edited ''Zen: Tradition and Transition'', a collaboration by present-day Zen teachers and scholars. It addressed some of the same issues that had arisen in Daitō's era: What is real Zen? What are the criteria of authenticity?Buddhism's encounter with the West in the 20th century inspired an international movement known as engaged Buddhism. Its leaders include the 14th Dalai Lama and Thích Nhất Hạnh. Kraft began writing about engaged Buddhism in the mid-1980s, at the height of the Cold War. Some of the underlying concerns can be framed as questions: What do Buddhist ethical principles signify today? What is the relation between work on oneself and work in the world? Does Buddhist nonviolence call for unwavering opposition to war, or are there exceptions?Some observers challenge the apparent newness of engaged Buddhism. Columbia University scholar Thomas Yarnall has criticized the work of Kraft and other "modernists" who "appropriate, own, and reinvent Buddhism from the ground up." In Yarnall's view, engaged Buddhism should be seen as a revival of original Buddhism, which was more engaged than is usually assumed.Buddhism may have resources that are freshly relevant in a time of ecological crisis. Dharma Rain: Sources of Buddhist Environmentalism, an anthology coedited in 2000 by Kraft and Stephanie Kaza, was an early contribution to an emerging field. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Kraft Source Accessed Sep 17, 2021])nneth_Kraft Source Accessed Sep 17, 2021]))
Ke'u tshang 'jam dpal ye shes + (Keutsang Rinpoche is a Gelugpa lama of the … Keutsang Rinpoche is a Gelugpa lama of the Tibetan Buddhist tradition. He was born in Lhoka, Tibet in 1944. He was recognized at the age of 2 as the fifth Keutsang Rinpoche. His previous incarnation, the fourth Keutsang Rinpoche, was a high Tibetan lama who was responsible for finding the reincanation of the 13th Dalai Lama, now the 14th Dalai Lama. The present Keutsang Rinpoche, was imprisoned for 20 years starting at the age of 16; he was imprisoned as a class enemy under the Chinese occupation of Tibet. He was released from prison in 1980, and in 1985, he left Tibet for India. He currently resides at H.H. the 14th Dalai Lama's residence in Dharmsala, India.Source[http://www.deerparkcenter.org/NewFiles/keutsang.html]deerparkcenter.org/NewFiles/keutsang.html])
Vose, K. + (Kevin Vose is a professor of religious stu … Kevin Vose is a professor of religious studies at the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia. He received his PhD in Buddhist studies from the University of Virginia. His research examines the interplay of late-Indian and early-Tibetan Madhyamaka and the formation of Tibetan scholasticism. Professor Vose's current research concerns a thirty-volume collection of recently discovered Tibetan manuscripts from the Kadampa (bka' gdams pa) order. These manuscripts were recovered from one of the few monastic libraries to survive the Cultural Revolution in Tibet. Within this collection, he's examining several eleventh- and twelfth-century texts pertaining to the formation of Tibetan Madhyamaka ("Middle Way") philosophy.His first monograph was ''Resurrecting Candrakirti: Disputes in the Tibetan Creation of Prasangika''. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 2008. ([http://www.wm.edu/as/religiousstudies/faculty/vose_k.php Source Accessed March 25, 2020])ose_k.php Source Accessed March 25, 2020]))
Konchog Gyaltsen, Khenchen + (Khenchen Konchog Gyaltsen Rinpoche, born i … Khenchen Konchog Gyaltsen Rinpoche, born in Tsari, Tibet in the spring of 1946, came to the West in the early 1980’s to found the Tibetan Meditation Center in Washington, D.C. The only Khenchen in the Drikung lineage, Rinpoche completed a nine-year course of study at the Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies in Varanasi, India beginning in 1967. ([https://drikungtucson.org/our-teachers/khenchen-konchog-gyaltsen-rinpoche/ Source Accessed Jan 30, 2020])n-rinpoche/ Source Accessed Jan 30, 2020]))
Mkhan po mun sel + (Khenchen Munsel Rinpoche (1916-1994) of Wa … Khenchen Munsel Rinpoche (1916-1994) of Wangchen Topa, Golok; was a highly accomplished and respected Dzogchen Master and scholar who in turn instructed some of the greatest living and present-day Lamas. A student of Khenpo Ngawang Palzang, he was imprisoned by the Chinese for many years, during which he taught the Dzogchen teachings, including Yeshe Lama (ye shes bla ma), Choying Dzo (chos dbyings mdzod) and the Nyingtik/Men-ngak Nyengyud Chenmo (snying tig snyan brgyud chen mo/man ngag snyan brgyud chen mo) to other lamas in the prison, including Adeu Rinpoche and Garchen Rinpoche. *Source: [http://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/Khenpo_Munsel Rywiki])sadra.org/index.php/Khenpo_Munsel Rywiki]))
Sherab, Pema + (Khenchen Pema Sherab (Tib. པདྨ་ཤེས་རབ་, Wy … Khenchen Pema Sherab (Tib. པདྨ་ཤེས་རབ་, Wyl. pad+ma shes rab) is one of the seniormost khenpos in the Nyingma tradition and one of the three Khenchen or 'great khenpos' of Namdroling Monastery.Khenpo Pema Sherab was born in 1936, at Riphu, in the Dergé region of Eastern Tibet. He started to study at the age of eight, learning to read and write Tibetan with his uncle, Lama Chözang, while he was herding cattle. At fourteen, he went to Lhasa and studied under masters and scholars of all schools of Tibetan Buddhism. In 1953 he received ordination from Shechen Kongtrul Rinpoche. In Lhasa, he also met Kyabjé Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche and served as his attendant for about ten years, fleeing with him to Bhutan and then India in 1959. Over the years, he received many teachings from him, including the Guhyagarbha Tantra, and Longchenpa’s Treasury of Pith Instructions. During the 1950s he also stayed for long periods at Nenang Monastery and Tshurphu, the monastery of the Karmapas, which at that time was home to many great Kagyü masters who had escaped from the troubles in East Tibet. While on pilgrimage in Central Tibet, he met Jamyang Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö at Tsering Jong, the seat of Jikmé Lingpa. While in India, he also studied with Kyabjé Dudjom Rinpoche and Khenpo Tsöndrü, and from Kyabjé Trulshik Rinpoche he received the vows of a fully ordained monk, and also various empowerments and teachings.In 1968, at the request of Kyabjé Penor Rinpoche he went to Namdroling Monastery to teach. Though the shedra was not yet established at that time, Khen Rinpoche taught the monks for several years. The shedra was finally established in 1978 and from then until 2003, for 25 years, Khenpo Pema Sherab taught there tirelessly while also managing the institution.Among the many books he has written are a biography of Guru Padmasambhava, an exposition of the two truths, lorik and tarik, and an exposition of logic. ([https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Khenchen_Pema_Sherab Source Accessed June 29, 2022])ema_Sherab Source Accessed June 29, 2022]))
Mkhan chen bkra shis 'od zer + (Khenchen Tashi Özer was an important figur … Khenchen Tashi Özer was an important figure in the Rimé movement. He served as a khenpo at the monasteries of Paljor and Palpung, the seat of the Tai Situ incarnations. He was a disciple of Jamgön Kongtrul Lodrö Thaye, Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo and Patrul Rinpoche. When Jamgön Kongtrul wrote his auto-commentary to the Treasury of Knowledge in 1863, Khenchen Tashi Özer acted as his scribe. He was also in the presence of Jamgön Kongtrul when he passed into the samadhi of the clear light dharmakaya in 1899.After offering the reading transmission for the entire Kangyur to the Fifteenth Karmapa at his seat of Tsurpu, he was rewarded with the fulfillment of any request, and took the opportunity to request that Karsé Kongtrul, the incarnation of Jamgön Kongtrul Lodrö Thaye who had been born as the Karmapa's son be returned to his home monastery of Palpung. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Khenchen_Tashi_%C3%96zer Rigpa Wiki])itle=Khenchen_Tashi_%C3%96zer Rigpa Wiki]))
Chödron, Ani K. + (Khenmo Trinlay Chödron is a senior student … Khenmo Trinlay Chödron is a senior student of Khenchen Rinpoche. She teaches at the Tibetan Meditation Center in Fredrick, Maryland, as well as at affiliated centers in the United States and Sweden. ([https://www.shambhala.com/authors/a-f/khenmo-trinlay-chodron.html Source Accessed Sept 4 2020])chodron.html Source Accessed Sept 4 2020]))
Choephel, D. + (Khenpo David Karma Choephel studied Buddhi … Khenpo David Karma Choephel studied Buddhist philosophy at the Vajra Vidya Institute in Namo Buddha, Nepal, and Sarnath, India. He currently serves as Khenchen Thrangu Rinpoche’s main English-language translator, and also translates for the Gyalwang Karmapa and the Kagyu Monlam.His published translations include ''Ngondro for Our Current Day'' by the Gyalwang Karmapa, ''Heart of the Dharma'' by Khenchen Trangu Rinpoche, ''Jewels from the Treasury, Vasubandhu’s Verses on the Treasury of Abhidharma'', with commentary by the Ninth Karmapa Wangchuk Dorje, all published by KTD Publications; and ''Vivid Awareness: The Mind Instructions of Khenpo Gangshar'' by Thrangu Rinpoche, published by Shambhala Publications. His most recent translation, ''The Torch of True Meaning: Instructions and the Practice Text for the Mahamudra Preliminaries'' by Jamgon Kongtrul Lodro Taye and the Ninth Karmapa Wangchuk Dorje, was taught by the 17th Gyalwang Karmapa, Ogyen Trinley Dorje, ''A Collection of Commentaries on The Four-Session Guru Yoga'', Compiled by the Seventeenth Gyalwang Karmapa Ogyen Trinley Dorje, both published by KTD Publications. ([http://www.ktdpublications.com/david-karma-choephel/ Source Accessed Feb 12, 2020])a-choephel/ Source Accessed Feb 12, 2020]))
Gawang, Khenpo + (Khenpo Gawang Rinpoche is the founder and … Khenpo Gawang Rinpoche is the founder and spiritual director of Pema Karpo Meditation Center in Memphis, Tennessee. He holds a khenpo degree after nine years of study at Namdroling Monastery in South India. In April 2006, Khenpo Gawang Rinpoche was formally enthroned as a khenpo by His Holiness Penor Rinpoche and assigned to teach in the West. He came to the United States in 2004 at the invitation of Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche and Shambhala International, and became an American citizen in 2012. He has lived in Memphis, Tennessee since 2007. ([https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Khenpo_Gawang_Rinpoche Source Accessed Sept 9, 2020])ng_Rinpoche Source Accessed Sept 9, 2020]))
Tenzin, J. + (Khenpo Jamyang Tenzin is the abbot of Tsec … Khenpo Jamyang Tenzin is the abbot of Tsechen Dongag Choeling in Mundgod, South India.He studied under the late Khenchen Appey Rinpoche at Sakya College where he also taught for several years, and completed a three year retreat under the guidance of HE Chogye Trichen Rinpoche. Since 2001 Khenpo Jamyang Tenzin has been teaching philosophy and meditation at the International Buddhist Academy. He is currently translating an Abhisamayālaṃkāra commentary by Rongtön Chenpo with Boyce Teoh.Source [https://chodungkarmo.org/the-group/]urce [https://chodungkarmo.org/the-group/])
Tokpa Tulku + (Khenpo Karma Gyurme (Tokpa Tulku) is one of the most popular professors teaching at the Buddhist University at Ka-Nying Monastery in Kathmandu.)
Monlam, Khenpo Konchok + (Khenpo Konchog Monlam was born to Kyashog … Khenpo Konchog Monlam was born to Kyashog Sherab Gyaltsen and Ngoza Tsering Paldon in 1940 at the place called Chitod Dronmey, Kham Nangchen (Eastern Tibet). He grew up in his parent's house and spent his childhood helping his family. He became a monk at the age of 13 and began learning primary studies (reading, writing and ritual) in the Drikung Kagyu monastery of Lho Lungkar Gompa.Due to terrible changes in the region because of Chinese invasion, he had to flee his country at the age of 18. He visited all the holy pilgrimage sites in Nepal and India on his way in to exile, and finally reached Tso Pema, where Guru Rinpoche transformed the fire into a lake when the King of Zahor tried to burn him alive, when he was 20.There he received preliminary instructions on the Longchen Nyingthig teachings from Pomda Khenpo and Dzigar Lama Wangdor and then stayed in retreat for one year doing ngondro practice as had been advised by Drikung Khandro. Drikung Khandro also advised him to seek out and study with the great Nyingma master, Khenchen Thupten Ozer. At the age of 25, Khenpo took both Genyen (begining level buddhist vows) and Getsul (novice) monk vows from Khenchen Thupten Ozer and then at 26 he took Gelong vows (full monk ordination) with his root guru.He received most teachings from his root guru Khenchen Thupten Ozer Rinpoche, the well-learned and highly acclaimed scholar of Dzogchen Shri Singha Institute in Tibet. He also received teachings from many great master like, HH the 14th Dalai Lama, HH Dudjom Jigdral Yeshe Dorje Rinpoche, Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, HH Sakya Trizin, Drikung Chetsang Rinpoche, Khunu Lama Tenzin Gyaltsen , Nyoshul Khenpo Rinpoche, Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, Dodrupchen Rinpoche, Taklung Tsetrul Rinpoche, Trulshik Rinpoche, Penor Rinpoche and many other master. At the same time he was helping his root guru to look after the affairs of his monastery Pangang Ritod which is located in Manali (Northern India).At the age of 40, in 1978, he was initiated as a Khenpo and enthroned by his root guru and named Khenpo Konchog Monlam. Since then he started giving teachings at his monastery in Manali and in Tibet at Lho Lungkar monastery. At the same time he also gave teachings to the local Tibetans at the Tibetan settlement in Bir.In the year 1985, he went back to Tibet to visit relatives who stayed behind there. During his one year stay in Tibet, he gave reading transmissions for both the Mani Mantra and Vajra Guru Mantra and more than a thousand committed to Khen Rinpoche that they would give up alcohol and tobacco. While in Tibet he went on pilgrimage to Lhasa, Tsang, Drikung, and many other holy places, to pay respect and make offerings.In 1987 he took the responsibility of Head Khenpo for nine years and taught the first batch of students at the Drikung Kagyu Institute, at Jangchub Ling, established by HH Drikung Chetsang Rinpoche. He then joined the late Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche and Tulku Chokyi Nyima Rinpoche in their Dharma activities when asked by Urgyen Rinpoche to look after the affairs of Nagi Gompa Nunnery in Nepal. Teaching the nuns and leading rituals until 2000.Khen Rinpoche established his own retreat center "Ngodrup Charbeb Ling Retreat Center" in 1998. It is located on the west side, about 300 meters from the holy Swayambhunath Stupa, the most sacred Buddhist site in the Kathmandu valley of Nepal. To this date, there has been one set of monks and two set of nuns to have completed the traditional 3 year and 3 month retreat in the Longchen Nyingthig lineage under the guidance of Khenpo Konchog Monlam. Now there is a third set of nuns starting their retreat in November 2008, and 18 nuns studying Buddhist philosophy, ritual and sciences, as well as English and Chinese languages. ([http://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/Khenpo_Konchog_Monlam Source Accessed Sep 30, 2022])chog_Monlam Source Accessed Sep 30, 2022]))
Khenpo Kunga + (Khenpo Kunga became a monk at a young age … Khenpo Kunga became a monk at a young age and began his education at Tergar monastery, where he studied the rituals, prayers, and other traditional practices of the Tibetan Buddhist tradition. At fifteen, he entered an extended meditation retreat and spent three years mastering the profound contemplative practices of the Kagyü lineage. Following this period of intense meditation practice, he entered the renowned Dzongsar monastic college near Dharamsala in Northwest India. After studying there for eleven years and receiving his Khenpo degree (roughly equivalent to a PhD), he taught at Dzongsar college for three additional years. Khenpo Kunga’s primary teacher is Yongey Mingyur Rinpoche, though he has studied with many other revered masters as well. In recent years, Khenpo Kunga has taught in Asia, Europe, and the United States as one of the main teachers for the worldwide network of Tergar monasteries, meditation centers, and meditation groups. ([https://tergar.org/about/instrtergar-lamas/ Source Accessed August 14, 2020]))
Tamphel, Khenpo Könchok + (Khenpo Könchog Tamphel was born in 1975 in … Khenpo Könchog Tamphel was born in 1975 in Ladakh. At the age of nine, he became a novice at Lamayuru Monastery, where he received a basic Dharma educationfor several years. There he also studied and practiced some of the Drikung Kagyü rituals. In 1987 he joined the Drikung Kagyu Institute in Dehra Dun, Indiafor advanced Buddhist studies. There he spent nine years studying the twelve main commentaries of the Masters of Nalanda and the Drikung Kagyu treatises such as the Gong Chig, 'The Heart of the Mahayana Sutras', etc., under the skilful guidance of Khenpo Togdol Rinpoche , Khenpo Könchog Mönlam,Khenpo Könchog Tashi and Khenchen Könchog Gyaltsen Rinpoche . After completing his studies in 1996, he traveled to Europe and Southeast Asia as translator of SH Drikung Kyabgon Chetsang. He also taught at Drikung Kagyü Centers in Malaysia, Singapore, North America, Estonia and Latvia.In the meantime, he took part in a one-year translation course English-Tibetan in Dharamsala and then spent a year studying works by Maitreya at the Dzongsar Institute. for several years he was the resident Khenpo in the Songtsen Library in Dehra Dun. In addition to his teachings in the library, he has translated some rare Drikung Kagyü texts into English and has published some English-language books. Since 2015 he lives in Vienna and works at the University of Vienna. Incidentally, he continues to translate texts from Tibetan into English. ([https://drikung.de/die-drikung-kagyue-linie/biographien/khenpo-koenchog-tamphel/ Source Accessed Sept 23, 2020])g-tamphel/ Source Accessed Sept 23, 2020]))
Khri tsho mkhan po blo gros bzang po + (Khenpo Lodrö Zangpo (Tib. མཁན་པོ་བློ་གྲོས་ … Khenpo Lodrö Zangpo (Tib. མཁན་པོ་བློ་གྲོས་བཟང་པོ་, Wyl. mkhan po blo gros bzang po) (1924-1986) was one of Sogyal Rinpoche's tutors. He was from Tritso (khri tsho) Monastery in Derge, the same monastery as Khenpo Rinchen and Khenpo Lhoga. He studied with Khenpo Dragyab Lodrö together with Khenpo Appey. After coming into exile, he lived at Ngor Monastery in Gangtok, Sikkim. He was also a teacher of Dzongsar Khyentse Rinpoche. He passed away in Bodhgaya in the Fire Tiger year (1986) at the end of the sixteenth calendrical cycle. (Source: [http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Khenpo_Lodr%C3%B6_Zangpo Rigpa Wiki])itle=Khenpo_Lodr%C3%B6_Zangpo Rigpa Wiki]))
Wangdak, Pema + (Khenpo Pema became a monk at the age of se … Khenpo Pema became a monk at the age of seven and later attended the Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies in Benares, receiving his Acharya degree from Sanskrit University in 1980. In 1982 he was sent by His Holiness Sakya Trizin to teach in New York City, becoming the first of the younger generation of Tibetan teachers from the Sakya School to settle in the United States.He founded the Vikramasila Foundation in 1989 to support educational initiatives both in the United States and abroad. The foundation now encompasses the Palden Sakya Centers for Tibetan Buddhist studies and mediation in New York, New Jersey, Vermont, Maine, and Ohio; the Pema Ts'al School in Mundgod, India, for Tibetan lay children; Pema Ts’al Sakya Monastic Institute in Pokhara, Nepal; and Pema Ts'al School in New York City, whose curriculum is modeled on that of Sakya College in India.In addition to these institutional projects, Khenpo Pema has a special interest in Tibetan language pedagogy and is the creator of a form of Tibetan Braille known as Bur Yig.He received the title of Khenpo from His Holiness Sakya Trizin in 2007. In recognition of his humanitarian work around the world, Khenpo Pema was awarded the Ellis Island Medal of Honor in 2009. He is the first Tibetan to receive this honor.s the first Tibetan to receive this honor.)
Phun tshogs rnam rgyal + (Khenpo Puntsok Namgyal (b. 1965) learned t … Khenpo Puntsok Namgyal (b. 1965) learned to read and write when he was seven years old. He was ordained when he was fourteen and studied with Khenpo Pema Damchok. In 1983 he began studying the Five Major Basic Texts. In 1986, he took up monastic vows and became one of the first students at the Dzongsar Kham-jé Buddhist Institute after the reconstruction of Dzongsar Monastery. He studied all the teachings and traditions of sutra and tantra, and qualified as a khenpo at 23, completing the traditional three year retreat soon afterwards. Between 1992 and 1999, he taught at the Institute and in 2000 he became its abbot. Dzongsar Khyentse Rinpoche believes that he will become one of the most influential rimé masters of our times.In recent years Khenpo has been invited to teach at five other monasteries or Buddhist academies, including the class for reincarnated lamas at the Highest Buddhist Academy in Beijing. In 2005, he was invited to be the examiner and supervising professor for the Doctoral Class on Buddhist Studies for all of China. He is currently the head of the Dzongsar Kham-jé Insitute and the Vice Director of the Dzongsar Monastery Management Committee.Khenpo visited the USA in January 2007 at the invitation of the University of Virginia. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Khenpo_Puntsok_Namgyal Rigpa Wiki])?title=Khenpo_Puntsok_Namgyal Rigpa Wiki]))
Gyaltsen Negi, Sherab + (Khenpo Sherab Gyaltsen Negi graduated from … Khenpo Sherab Gyaltsen Negi graduated from Nalanda Institute at Rumtek Monastery in 1991 and was awarded the title of Khenpo in recognition of his scholarship. He taught at the Nalanda Institute one and a half years and joined and joined Kagyu Thekchen Ling in Lava, Kalimpong in 1992 to serve the various projects and activities of His Eminence Jamgon Kongtrul Rinpoche. He also completed the traditional three-year Shangpa Kagyu retreat at Mirik Monastery under the guidance of Very Venerable Bokar Rinpoche and Khenpo Lodro Donyod Rinpoche. Today, he is mainly involved with work for Rigpe Dorje Publications. [http://www.jamgonkongtrul.org/section.php?s1=3&s2=4 Jamgön Kongtrül Labrang]ion.php?s1=3&s2=4 Jamgön Kongtrül Labrang])
Khenpo Shönri + (Khenpo Shonri (Shonu Dondrup, gzhon nu don grub, 1938-2015) of Juniong Monastery was a disciple of Khenpo Thubga (Khenpo Thubten Chophel) and a custodian of many of Lama Mipham Rinpoche's and Patrul Rinpoche's relics. (Source: Enlightened Vagabond))
Norgay, Khenpo Tenzin + (Khenpo Tenzin Norgay Rinpoche was born in … Khenpo Tenzin Norgay Rinpoche was born in Bhutan in 1965. He became a senior colleague at Ngagyur Nyingma Institute, the prestigious Buddhist studies and research center, at Namdroling Monastery in Mysore. At the Institute he studied under Khenchen Pema Sherab, Khenpo Namdrol Tsering, Khenchen Tsewang Gyatso, and other visiting professors, including Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok and Khenpo Pema Tsewang from Tibet. He completed the Shedra program in 1995 and joined the Institute staff, teaching there for three years. He was formally enthroned as Khenpo by His Holiness Penor Rinpoche in 1998 and was assigned by His Holiness to teach at the Buddhist college at Palyul monastery in Tibet. He is now the main resident master at [http://www.palyulnyc.org/npdc/ Palyul Dharma Center] in the New York City metropolitan area.Official Bio from Palyul Dharma Center: Khenpo Tenzin Norgay Rinpoche was born in the Tashigang District of Bhutan in 1965. After completing Jigme Sherubling High School in 1986, he joined Ngagyur Nyingma Institute, the prestigious Buddhist studies and research center, at Namdroling Monastery in Mysore. At the Institute he studied under Khenchen Pema Sherab, Khenpo Namdrol Tsering and Khenchen Tsewang Gyatso and other visiting professors, including Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok and Khenpo Pema Tsewang from Tibet.He completed the Shedra program at the Institute in 1995 and joined the Institute staff, teaching there for three years. He was formally enthroned as Khenpo by His Holiness Penor Rinpoche in 1998 and was assigned by His Holiness to teach at the Buddhist college at Palyul monastery in Tibet.He has received all the major empowerments of the Rinchen Terzod, Nam Cho, Nyingthik Yabshi and Nyingma Kama from His Holiness Penor Rinpoche as well as the Mipham Kabum from His Holiness Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche.Because of his knowledge and experience, and fluent command of the English language, His Holiness Penor Rinpoche has assigned him to teach students in the United States in conjunction with the ongoing teaching programs offered by Khenchen Tsewang Gyatso Rinpoche.([http://www.palyulnyc.org/npdc/about/our-teachers/venerable-khenpo-tenzin-norgay-rinpoche/ Source Accessed April 18, 2022])rinpoche/ Source Accessed April 18, 2022]))
Dongyal, Khenpo Tsewang + (Khenpo Tsewang Dongyal Rinpoche was born i … Khenpo Tsewang Dongyal Rinpoche was born in the Dhoshul region of Kham in eastern Tibet on June 10, 1950. On that summer day in the family tent, Rinpoche’s birth caused his mother no pain. The next day, his mother, Pema Lhadze, moved the bed where she had given birth. Beneath it she found growing a beautiful and fragrant flower which she plucked and offered to Chenrezig on the family altar.Soon after his birth three head lamas from Jadchag monastery came to his home and recognized him as the reincarnation of Khenpo Sherab Khyentse. Khenpo Sherab Khyentse, who had been the former head abbot lama at Gochen Monastery, was a renowned scholar and practitioner who lived much of his life in retreat.Rinpoche’s first dharma teacher was his father, Lama Chimed Namgyal Rinpoche. Beginning his schooling at the age of five, he entered Gochen Monastery. His studies were interrupted by the Chinese invasion and his family's escape to India. In India his father and brother continued his education until he entered the Nyingmapa Monastic School of Northern India, where he studied until 1967.He then entered the Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies, which was then a part of Sanskrit University in Varanasi, where he received his B.A. degree in 1975. He also attended Nyingmapa University in West Bengal, where he received another B.A. and an M.A. in 1977.In 1978 Rinpoche was enthroned as the abbot of the Wish-fulfilling Nyingmapa Institute in Boudanath, Nepal by [[H.H. Dudjom Rinpoche]], and later became the abbot of the Department of Dharma Studies, where he taught poetry, grammar, philosophy and psychology. In 1981, H.H. Dudjom Rinpoche appointed Rinpoche as the abbot of the Dorje Nyingpo Center in Paris, France. In 1982 he was asked to work with H.H. Dudjom Rinpoche at the Yeshe Nyingpo Center in New York. During the 1980s, until H.H. Dudjom Rinpoche’s mahaparinirvana in 1987, Rinpoche continued working closely with him, often traveling as his translator and attendant.In 1988, Rinpoche and his brother founded the Padmasambhava Buddhist Center. Since that time he has served as a spiritual director at the various Padmasambhava centers throughout the world. He maintains an active traveling and teaching schedule with his brother, Khenchen Palden Sherab Rinpoche.Khenpo Tsewang Rinpoche has authored two books of poetry on the life of Guru Rinpoche, including ''Praise to the Lotus Born: A Verse Garland of Waves of Devotion'', and a unique two-volume cultural and religious history of Tibet entitled ''The Six Sublime Pillars of the Nyingma School'', which details the historical bases of the dharma in Tibet from the sixth through ninth centuries. At present, this is one of the only books written that conveys the dharma activities of this historical period in such depth. Khenpo Rinpoche has also co-authored a number of books in English on dharma subjects with his brother Khenchen Palden Sherab Rinpoche, including ''Ceaseless Echoes of the Great Silence: A Commentary on the Heart Sutra''; ''Prajnaparamita: The Six Perfections''; ''Door to Inconceivable Wisdom and Compassion''; ''Lion's Gaze: A Commentary on the Tsig Sum Nedek''; and ''Opening Our Primordial Nature''. ([http://www.padmasambhava.org/teach/longkhenpo.html Source Accessed Jan 29, 2015])khenpo.html Source Accessed Jan 29, 2015]))
Sonam, Tshewang + (Khenpo Tshewang Sonam is the Lama of Tharp … Khenpo Tshewang Sonam is the Lama of Tharpaling Monastery, the most well-known center founded by Longchenpa in Bhutan. Prior to becoming the Lama of Tharpaling, he spent many years as a hermit in the mountains of Bhutan while also giving mass teachings on Amitabha and Sukhavati practice in many parts of Bhutan. At the turn of the century, he served as the head of Ngagyur Nyingma Institute in Namdrolling, Mysore, India and as the head of Palyul Shedra, Sichuan in Tibet after he finished his Khenpo degree in Namdrolling in 1998. Khenpo Tshewang received his early education under Wangthang Rinpoche Yeshi Dorji, Lama Gyalwang Nyima, and Lopen Norbu Wangchuk before he moved to study in Namdrolling in Mysore. Since then, he trained under His Holiness Penor Rinpoche and Nyoshul Khenpo in India and Bhutan, and Khenpo Achoe and Trulku Thubzang in Tibet, receiving oral teachings on Dzogchen. He is the author of commentaries on ''Madhyamakāvatāra'' and ''Abhisamayālaṇkāra'' and many other minor writings. (Source: Lopen Dr. Karma Phuntsho)itings. (Source: Lopen Dr. Karma Phuntsho))
Tenzin, Khenpo Tsultrim + (Khenpo Tsultrim Tenzin took his monk’s vow … Khenpo Tsultrim Tenzin took his monk’s vows at the age of 14. He studied the Thirteen Major Texts with Khenchen Nawang Gyalpo Rinpoché and other khenpos. He also received the entire Lamdré-cycle of empowerments of the Ngor-Sakya lineage from Khensur Khenchen Rinpoché and from Amdo Lama Togden Rinpoché and Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoché he received many Nyingma empowerments and teachings. Later, Khenpo Rinpoché joined Drikung Kagyu Institute at Jangchub Ling in Dehra Dun and there met His Holiness Drikung Kyabgön Chetsang Rinpoché. The spontaneous devotion he felt for His Holiness resulted in his request to His Holiness to join the monastery there and continue his education.Having already completed the first four years of his studies at other monasteries, Khenpo Rinpoché quickly completed his education at Jangchub Ling. After three years teaching lower classes in the monastic college, he was enthroned by His Holiness Drikung Kyabgön Chetsang Rinpoché as a “Khenpo” in 1998 and spent three more years teaching Buddhist philosophy at the Institute. In between his busy schedule first as student and later as instructor, Khenpo Rinpoché completed the Ngondro, Chakrasamvara and other practices while in retreat. In April 2001, Khenpo Rinpoché arrived at the TMC to assist Khenchen Rinpoché and also to improve his mastery of the English language so that he can be of more benefit to the spread of Dharma. He began teaching at TMC in August of that year and was subsequently appointed as co spiritual director of TMC by Khenchen Rinpoché. Khenpo Rinpoché is known and loved for his engaging teaching style as well as his complete lack of pretensions. ([http://drikungtmc.com/about/khenpo-tsultrim-tenzin/ Source Accessed Nov 18, 2020])rim-tenzin/ Source Accessed Nov 18, 2020]))
Dge mang mkhan chen yon tan rgya mtsho + (Khenpo Yönga aka Khenchen Yönten Gyatso (T … Khenpo Yönga aka Khenchen Yönten Gyatso (Tib. ཡོན་ཏན་རྒྱ་མཚོ་, Wyl. yon tan rgya mtsho) (19th-20th C.) was a personal student of Patrul Rinpoche and Orgyen Tendzin Norbu. He belonged to Gemang Monastery, a branch of Dzogchen Monastery, and studied at Dzogchen and Shechen monasteries. He wrote a very popular two-part commentary on Rigdzin Jikme Lingpa's Treasury of Precious Qualities, called Lamp of Moonlight and Rays of Sunlight. Among his students were Changma Khenchen Thubten Chöpel (the teacher of Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche and Khenpo Jikmé Phuntsok) and Khenchen Tsewang Rigdzin of Washul Mewa (who attained the rainbow body). (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Khenpo_Yönga Rigpawiki])g/index.php?title=Khenpo_Yönga Rigpawiki]))
Khu nu bla ma bstan 'dzin rgyal mtshan + (Khunu Lama Tenzin Gyaltsen was a teacher o … Khunu Lama Tenzin Gyaltsen was a teacher of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, especially for the ''Bodhicharyavatara'', for which he held Patrul Rinpoche’s lineage, having received it from one of the great khenpos at Dzogchen monastery.... (Keep reading at [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Khunu_Lama_Tenzin_Gyaltsen Rigpa Wiki].)Further details in [https://fpmt.org/wp-content/uploads/mandala/archives/mandala-for-2015/july/the_great_kindness_of_khunu_lama_rinpoche.pdf the story of Khunu Lama as told by Baling Lama].ory of Khunu Lama as told by Baling Lama].)
Henkel, K. + (Kokyo Henkel has been practicing Zen since … Kokyo Henkel has been practicing Zen since 1990 in residence at Tassajara Zen Mountain Center (most recently as Head of Practice), Green Gulch Farm Zen Center, No Abode Hermitage in Mill Valley, and Bukkokuji Monastery in Japan.He was ordained as a priest in 1994 by Tenshin Anderson Roshi and received Dharma Transmission from him in 2010. Kokyo is interested in exploring how the original teachings of Buddha-Dharma from ancient India, China, and Japan can still be very much alive and useful in present-day America to bring peace and openness to the minds of this troubled world.Kokyo has also been practicing with the Tibetan Dzogchen (“Great Completeness”) Teacher Tsoknyi Rinpoche since 2003, in California, Colorado, and Kathmandu. ([https://sczc.org/kokyo-henkel-page Source Accessed Nov 20, 2020])henkel-page Source Accessed Nov 20, 2020]))
Yamamoto, K. + (Kosho Yamamoto was a scholar of Buddhist S … Kosho Yamamoto was a scholar of Buddhist Studies. He is the author/translator of numerous works, including ''The Udumbara: Tales from the Buddhist Japan'' (1959), ''The Buddha: An Appreciation of His Life and Teaching'' (1961), ''An Introduction to Shin Buddhism'' (1965), ''The Life of the Buddha Through Gandhara Sculptures'', and ''The Kyogyoshinsho, or The 'Teaching, Practice, Faith, and Attainment' '' (1975), among many others. He is perhaps known most for his complete English translation of Dharmakṣema's version of the ''Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra'' (1973-75). In 1967 he traveled to Europe (including Spain, The Netherlands, Germany and the U.K.) to meet with prominent members of the Buddhist community at that time (such as Christmas Humphreys and Maurice Walshe in England). He wrote a book about his observations that same year, entitled ''Buddhism in Europe''. While his translation of the ''Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra'' has been criticized for its various imperfections, his work was indeed historic and pioneering, influencing a generation of scholars who studied the text.neration of scholars who studied the text.)
Dudjom Rinpoche + (Kyabje Dudjom Rinpoche or Dudjom Jikdral Y … Kyabje Dudjom Rinpoche or Dudjom Jikdral Yeshe Dorje (Tib. བདུད་འཇོམས་འཇིགས་བྲལ་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྡོ་རྗེ་, Wyl. bdud 'joms 'jigs bral ye shes rdo rje) (1904-1987) — one of Tibet’s foremost yogins, scholars, and meditation masters. He was recognized as the incarnation of Dudjom Lingpa (1835-1904), whose previous incarnations included the greatest masters, yogins and panditas such as Shariputra, Saraha and Khye'u Chung Lotsawa. Considered to be the living representative of Padmasambhava, he was a great revealer of the ‘treasures’ (terma) concealed by Padmasambhava. A prolific author and meticulous scholar, Dudjom Rinpoche wrote more than forty volumes, one of the best known of which is his monumental ''The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism: Its Fundamentals and History''. Over the last decade of his life he spent much time teaching in the West, where he helped to establish the Nyingma tradition, founding major centres in France and the United States. ([https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Dudjom_Rinpoche Source Accessed Feb 20, 2020])om_Rinpoche Source Accessed Feb 20, 2020]))
Gelek, Ngawang + (Kyabje Nawang Gehlek Rimpoche (Tibetan: སྐ … Kyabje Nawang Gehlek Rimpoche (Tibetan: སྐྱབས་རྗེ་དགེ་ལེགས་རིན་པོ་ཆེ།, Wylie: skyabs rje dge legs rin po che/) was a Tibetan Buddhist lama born in Lhasa, Tibet on October 26, 1939. His personal name was Gelek; kyabje and rimpoche, are titles meaning "teacher" (lit., "lord of refuge") and "precious," respectively. He was a tulku, an incarnate lama of Drepung Monastic University, where he received the scholastic degree of Geshe Lharampa, the highest degree given, at the exceptionally young age of 20. The 14th Dalai Lama said "he completed his traditional Buddhist training as a monk in Tibet prior to the Chinese Takeover."Considered "an important link to the great lineages of Tibet’s great masters, especially of the Geluk school. Known more famously for the Tibetans as Nyakre Khentrul Rinpoche, Rinpoche had been instrumental in reprinting many of the Geluk texts in the 1970s, and also remained an important object of affection for both Kyabje Ling Rinpoche and Kyabje Trijang Rinpoche. Of course, his emergence as one of the great Tibetan teachers in the West has also been a source of inspiration for many.” Gelek Rimpoche was a nephew of the 13th Dalai Lama, Thubten Gyatso. He was tutored by many of the same masters who tutored the current 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso.In 1959, Gelek Rimpoche fled to India from Tibet and gave up monastic life. He was one of the first students of the Young Lamas Home School. He was director of Tibet House in New Delhi, India and a radio host at All India Radio. He conducted over 1000 interviews, compiling an oral history of the fall of Tibet to the Communist Chinese. He was the founder and president of Jewel Heart, "a spiritual, cultural, and humanitarian organization that translates the ancient wisdom of Tibetan Buddhism into contemporary life."He moved to Ann Arbor, Michigan in 1987 to teach Buddhism. He became an American citizen and founded Buddhist communities in Ann Arbor, Bloomfield Hills, Chicago, Cleveland, Nebraska, New York, Maylaysia and The Netherlands.Beat-poet Allen Ginsberg was among the more prominent of Jewel Heart's members. Ginsberg met with Gelek Rinpoche through the modern composer Philip Glass in 1989. Allen and Philip jointly staged benefits for the Jewel Heart organization. Professor Robert Thurman, Joe Liozzo, and Glenn Mullin are also Jewel Heart members and frequent lecturers.Gelek Rinpoche died on February 15, 2017 in Ann Arbor, Michigan after undergoing surgery the previous month. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelek_Rimpoche Source Accessed Aug 25, 2020])ek_Rimpoche Source Accessed Aug 25, 2020]))
Dodrupchen, 4th + (Kyabjé Dodrupchen Rinpoche, the Fourth Dod … Kyabjé Dodrupchen Rinpoche, the Fourth Dodrupchen Rinpoche, Tubten Trinlé Pal Zangpo (Tib. ཐུབ་བསྟན་ཕྲིན་ལས་དཔལ་བཟང་པོ་, Wyl. thub bstan phrin las dpal bzang po) aka Jikmé Trinlé Palbar (1927-2022), was one of the most important masters in the Nyingma and Dzogchen traditions. As the fourth incarnation of Dodrupchen Jikmé Trinlé Özer, the heart-son of Jikmé Lingpa who revealed the Longchen Nyingtik cycle, Dodrupchen Rinpoche was the principal holder of the Longchen Nyingtik teachings.He was born in 1927 in the Golok province of Dokham in the eastern part of Tibet....At the age of four, he travelled to the Dodrupchen monastery, where he was enthroned....At Dodrupchen monastery, he built a Scriptural College, and he provided the woodblocks for printing the Seven Treasures of Longchenpa. He gave many major teachings, especially in the eastern part of Tibet.On account of the changing political situation, Dodrupchen Rinpoche left Tibet and arrived in Sikkim in October 1957; from then on, he made Gangtok his permanent residence. Once again he subsidized the printing of many books, including Longchenpa's Seven Treasures and Trilogy of Finding Comfort and Ease. He has given many empowerments, transmissions and teachings in Sikkim, where he has two monasteries, in Bhutan, where he also heads a monastery, and in India and Nepal. Dodrupchen Rinpoche recognized the Seventh Dzogchen Rinpoche, whose enthronement was held in the Royal Temple at Gangtok in 1972...He made a number of visits to the West, his first being in 1973, when he established a centre called the Maha Siddha Nyingmapa Centre in Massachusetts. Dodrupchen Rinpoche also visited Britain, France and Switzerland, and in 1975, gave the empowerment of Rigdzin Düpa at Sogyal Rinpoche's request in London. ([https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Dodrupchen_Rinpoche Rigpa Wiki, Source Accessed February 2, 2022])a Wiki, Source Accessed February 2, 2022]))
Lie, K. + (Kåre Albert Lie (born 9 September 1942 ) … Kåre Albert Lie (born 9 September 1942 ) is a Norwegian historian of religion, non-fiction author and translator. He has translated, or contributed to the translation of, nearly 60 books, especially in the history of religion and culture. In addition, he has published a number of books on Buddhism and the oldest texts of Buddhism.He has a master's degree in phil. with major in religious history, with indology (Sanskrit and Pali ) in the subject area. He has translated books from Pali, Sanskrit, English, German, French, Dutch, Danish and Swedish. Lie worked for several years in the school system before concentrating on his work as a writer and translator from 1996. ([https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A5re_A._Lie Source Accessed Mar 23, 2021])A5re_A._Lie Source Accessed Mar 23, 2021]))
Wangmo, D. + (LAMA DECHEN YESHE WANGMO (1949- ) Lama Ye … LAMA DECHEN YESHE WANGMO (1949- )Lama Yeshe Dechen Wangmo became a lineage holder of The Dakini Heart Essence (''mkha 'gro thug thig''), a treasure teaching of His Holiness Dudjom Rinpoche, when Repkong Lama Tharchin Tsedrup Rinpoche enthroned her in 1992.Based on thirty-eight years of vajrayana study and practice in Canada and the United States, her knowledge is informed by personal retreats, her competence in literary Tibetan, and personal guidance received from the 16th Karmapa, Kalu Rinpoche, His Holiness Dudjom Rinpoche, Dungse Thinley Norbu Rinpoche and Lama Tsedrup Tharchin Rinpoche.As a teacher and sangha leader, Lama places a high value on authenticity, accountability, and connectedness.In 2002, she established Jnanasukha Foundation, a not-for-profit organization, as a venue for the teachings of Yeshe Tsogyal and the female buddhas. The Foundation has sprouted several initiatives including support for Tsogyal Latso, the birthplace of Yeshe Tsogyal in Tibet and several programs for scholarships, grants and humanitarian aid. www.jnanasukha.orgSince 2009, she has traveled to Central Tibet every year, leading pilgrimages and deepening her connection with her spiritual roots.Lama's early activities included textile arts, stone sculpture and a career in sociology and body-based psychotherapy. Born in Montreal, Canada, in 1949, she has lived on the Big Island of Hawai'i since 1986.She is the main author at Vajrayana World blog: https://www.vajrayanaworld.com/orld blog: https://www.vajrayanaworld.com/)
Bla chen dpyal + (Lachen Jel (bla chen dpyal) was one of the … Lachen Jel (bla chen dpyal) was one of the Ten Men of U and Tsang during the later spread of the doctrine in Tibet. His outer activity and inner spiritual accomplishment was unrivaled. He became the head ornament of all scholars. He possessed all inconceivable great superior qualities of Body, Speech and Mind. Even a being dwelling on the bhumis had difficulty communicating with him, needless to say ordinary beings. For the ordinary beings, buddha activity was too difficult to fathom; however he realized it effortlessly. His first greatness was his heavenly descended caste. He renowned as Jel (dpyal) after descending from heaven, therefore his second greatness was meaning of the name. His third greatness was his noble mother lineage— his mother traveled to Five-Peaks Mountain, and was related to the King of China. The fourth greatness— he was the dharmic minister of the manifested Dharma Kings (chos rgyal gyi chos slun), and the grandchild of the ruler of gods and humans. His fifth greatness was his phenomenal transmission— he received the great, middle and small transmission from the manifested Dharma King. His sixth greatness was that he had the most eminent interdependent causes and conditions—for example, the virtuous royal-brother bestowed him the sacred shrine. His seventh greatness was that he appropriately approached the Secret Mantrayana, the profound tantric doctrine, and Vajra Vehicle, and he was the escort of the King with signs of realization and magical powers. His eighth greatness was his well-learned knowledge— he built many temples in center of Myang Ro (myang ro) village in Tsang and visited the noble land of India. He overcame countless difficulties and requested extraordinary teachings from perfected and authentic scholars, and also brought the practice to completion. His ninth greatness was being able to auto-translate the excellent doctrine—he requested numerous sutras and tantras from perfected and authentic scholars and translated them properly; also he attained mastery in meditative power by attaining the imperishable breath of dharmic sky-goers. Since he became a being of the field of forbearance, he benefited all beings for as long as samsara is not emptied—this continuous lineage of the ten directions illuminating the demonstration that transcended all directions, was his tenth greatness. (Source: [[Dpyal gyi gdung rabs za ra tshags dang gang gA'i chu rgyun gnyis gcig tu bris pa kun gsal me long bzhugs so|དཔྱལ་གྱི་གདུང་རབས་ཟ་ར་ཚགས་དང་གང་གཱའི་ཆུ་རྒྱུན་གཉིས་གཅིག་ཏུ་བྲིས་པ་ཀུན་གསལ་མེ་ལོང་]])ung rabs za ra tshags dang gang gA'i chu rgyun gnyis gcig tu bris pa kun gsal me long bzhugs so|དཔྱལ་གྱི་གདུང་རབས་ཟ་ར་ཚགས་དང་གང་གཱའི་ཆུ་རྒྱུན་གཉིས་གཅིག་ཏུ་བྲིས་པ་ཀུན་གསལ་མེ་ལོང་]]))
Dayal, H. + (Lala Har Dayal Singh Mathur (Punjabi: ਲਾਲਾ … Lala Har Dayal Singh Mathur (Punjabi: ਲਾਲਾ ਹਰਦਿਆਲ; 14 October 1884 – 4 March 1939) was an Indian nationalist revolutionary and freedom fighter. He was a polymath who turned down a career in the Indian Civil Service. His simple living and intellectual acumen inspired many expatriate Indians living in Canada and the U.S. to fight against British Imperialism during the First World War.Har Dayal Mathur was born in a Hindu Mathur Kayastha family on 14 October 1884 at Delhi. He was the sixth of seven children of Bholi Rani and Gauri Dayal Mathur. His father was a district court reader. Lala is not so much a surname as a sub-caste designation, within the Kayastha community, but it is generally termed as an honorific title for writers such as the word Pandit which is used for knowledgeable persons in other Hindu communities. At an early age, he was influenced by Arya Samaj. He was associated with Shyam Krishnavarma, Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and Bhikaji Cama. He also drew inspiration from Giuseppe Mazzini, Karl Marx and Mikhail Bakunin. He was, according to Emily Brown as quoted by Juergensmeyer, "in sequence an atheist, a revolutionary, a Buddhist, and a pacifist".He studied at the Cambridge Mission School and received his bachelor's degree in Sanskrit from St. Stephen's College, Delhi, India and his master's degree also in Sanskrit from Punjab University. In 1905, he received two scholarships of Oxford University for his higher studies in Sanskrit: Boden Scholarship, 1907 and Casberd Exhibitioner, an award from St John's College, where he was studying. In a letter to ''The Indian Sociologist'', published in 1907, he started to explore anarchist ideas, arguing that "our object is not to reform government, but to reform it away, leaving, if necessary only nominal traces of its existence." The letter led to him being put under surveillance by the police. Later that year, saying "To Hell with the ICS", he gave up the prestigious Oxford scholarships and returned to India in 1908 to live a life of austerity. But in India too, he started writing harsh articles in the leading newspapers, When the British Government decided to impose a ban upon his writing Lala Lajpat Rai advised him to leave and go abroad. It was during this period that he came into the friendship of the anarchist Guy Aldred, who was put on trial for printing ''The Indian Sociologist''.Among his many literary works include ''The Bodhisattva Doctrines in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature.'' Lala Lajpat Rai, who was a mentor of Har Dayal, had suggested him to write an authentic book based on the principles of Gautam Buddha. In 1927 when Har Dayal was not given permission by the British Government to return to India, he decided to remain in London. He wrote this book and presented it to the University as a thesis. The book was approved for Ph.D. and a Doctorate was awarded to him in 1932. It was published from London in the year 1932. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers of India re-published this book in 1970 as ''The Bodhisattva Doctrines in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature''.This 392-page work of Lala Hardayal consists of 7 chapters which deal with the Bodhisattva doctrine as expounded in the principal Buddhist Sanskrit Literature.*In Chapter I the nature of the Bodhisattva doctrine is described, with particular emphasis upon the distinct characteristics of arhat, Bodhisattva, and Sravaka.*Chapter II recounts the different factors which contributed to the rise and growth of the Bodhisattva doctrine including the influences of Persian religio-cult, Greek art, and Christian ethics.*In Chapter III the production of the thought of Enlightenment for the welfare and liberation of all creatures is expounded.*Chapters IV describes thirty-seven practices and principles conducive to the attainment of Enlightenment.*In Chapter V ten perfections that lead to welfare, rebirth, serenity, spiritual cultivation, and supreme knowledge are explained.*Chapter VI defines different stages of spiritual progress in the aspirant's long journey to the goal of final emancipation.*The last Chapter VII relates the events of the Gautama Buddha's past lives as Bodhisattva.This book contains comprehensive notes and references besides a general index appended at the end. This book has been written in a particularly lucid style which exhibits scholarly acumen and the mastery of Lala Hardayal in literary art. It proved influential with Edward Conze, a German Marxist refugee from Nazi Germany who made Har Dayal 's acquaintance in London in the 1930's. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Dayal Adapted from Source Mar 26, 2021])r_Dayal Adapted from Source Mar 26, 2021]))
Lama Choedak Rinpoche + (Lama Choedak Rinpoche, is the founder and … Lama Choedak Rinpoche, is the founder and Spiritual Director of Sakya Losal Choe Dzong, Rongton Buddhist College and Virupa Retreat Centre in Canberra. He is also Spiritual Director of the Sakya Jamchen Buddhist Centre in Melbourne, as well as at least 20 centres around Australia and New Zealand and has helped design teaching programs for many other Tibetan Buddhist centers in Malaysia, USA, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand. ([https://eastwestwisdoms.com/lama-choedak-rinpoche/ Source Accessed Oct 7, 2021]) For a longer biography, click [http://www.sakya.com.au/lama-choedak-rinpoche/ here].sakya.com.au/lama-choedak-rinpoche/ here].)
Thaye, J. + (Lama Jampa was born in England in 1952; he became a student of Karma Thinley Rinpoche at the age of 20 and met His Holiness 41st Sakya Trizin a year later. [https://lamajampa.org/biography Read the full biography here])
Drolma, P. + (Lama Palden was one of the first Western w … Lama Palden was one of the first Western women to be authorized as a lama in 1986, by her primary teacher, Kalu Rinpoche, following her completion of the traditional Tibetan three year, three month retreat. She has been a student and practitioner of Buddhism and of Comparative Mysticism for over 40 years. She is the founding teacher of Sukhasiddhi Foundation http://www.sukhasiddhi.org in the SF Bay Area, a Tibetan Buddhist center in the Shangpa and Kagyu lineages. Lama Palden has a deep interest in helping to make the teachings and practices of Vajrayana Buddhism accessible and practical for Westerners in order to help students actualize our innate wisdom, love and joy. As a teacher, she is committed to each student's unique unfolding and blossoming.In 1993 Lama Palden completed a Masters degree in Counseling Psychology at Santa Clara University in Silicon Valley. After licensing as a psychotherapist, she engaged in facilitating clients psycho-spiritual integration and development, through bringing together understandings and methods from Buddhism and Psychology, as well as from the Diamond Heart work, that she engaged with and trained in for many years. ([https://www.amazon.com/Lama-Palden-Drolma/e/B07NLJ87GM%3Fref=dbs_a_mng_rwt_scns_share Source Accessed August 13, 2020])ns_share Source Accessed August 13, 2020]))
Hookham, S. + (Lama Shenpen Hookham is the founding Lama … Lama Shenpen Hookham is the founding Lama of the [https://buddhawithin.org.uk/about/ Awakened Heart Sangha] and principle teacher of the [https://ahs.org.uk/training Living the Awakened Heart training].Lama Shenpen has trained for over 50 years in the Mahamudra & Dzogchen traditions of Tibetan Buddhism. She has spent over 12 years in retreat and has been a student of Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche, one of the foremost living masters of the Kagyu tradition of Tibetan Buddhism, since the late 70s.Lama Shenpen is fluent in Tibetan and has translated a number of Tibetan texts into English for her students. On Khenpo Rinpoche’s instructions she produced a seminal study of the profound Buddha Nature doctrines of Mahayana Buddhism, published as ''The Buddha Within'', and gained a doctorate in this from Oxford University. She is also the author of ''[https://www.windhorsepublications.com/product/theres-more-to-dying-than-death/ There’s More to Dying than Death]'', ''[https://buddhawithin.org.uk/autobiography/ Keeping the Dalai Lama Waiting and Other Stories]'', and ''[https://www.shambhala.com/the-guru-principle.html The Guru Principle]''.([https://ahs.org.uk/lama-shenpen Source Accessed July 21, 2020])k/lama-shenpen Source Accessed July 21, 2020]))
Tharchin, Lama + (Lama Tharchin Rinpoche was a Dzogchen (Gre … Lama Tharchin Rinpoche was a Dzogchen (Great Perfection) master of Vajrayana Buddhism. He was the tenth lineage holder of the Repkong Ngakpas. This is a family lineage of yogis, or householders, and was the largest community of non-monastic practitioners in Tibet. Rinpoche was trained in His Holiness Dudjom Rinpoche's monastery, engaged in five years of solitary retreat and then completed the three year retreat with three others under Dudjom Rinpoche.In addition to Dudjom Rinpoche, his main teachers were Chatral Rinpoche, Lama Sherab Dorje Rinpoche, and Dungse Thinley Norbu Rinpoche. Rinpoche left Tibet by foot with his family in 1960. He lived in Orissa, India and Kathmandu, Nepal before coming to America in 1984 for health reasons. While in America, Dudjom Rinpoche asked Lama Tharchin Rinpoche to turn the third wheel of Dharma, the teachings of Vajrayana Buddhism.As a householder with two sons, Rinpoche had a wonderfully kind and wise approach to working with Western students. His gentleness and jewel-like qualities embodied a living expression of the wisdom and compassion of the Buddhadharma. He was so rare and precious, not only because of his great realization, but also for his vast knowledge of Tibetan ritual arts, music, and dance, as well as the philosophical basis of the Vajrayana teachings. ([http://www.vajrayana.org/teachers/#hide1 Source Accessed Oct 14, 2015])hers/#hide1 Source Accessed Oct 14, 2015]))
Duff, T. + (Lama Tony is a very well-known practitione … Lama Tony is a very well-known practitioner, scholar, and translator who has spent over forty years of his life fully dedicated to studying, practising, teaching, and translating the Buddhist teachings. He has been a full-time Buddhist practitioner-scholar since 1973. He was a member of Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche's Nalanda Translator Committee in which he retains honorary status. He was Tsoknyi Rinpoche's personal translator during the 1990's and has translated orally and in writing for many other great teachers during the years. He has been a member of several translation committees and has published or been involved in the publication of many Tibetan Buddhist texts.Based on his long experience with Kagyu teachings, he has prepared many books on the Kagyu view, called "Other Emptiness", and on Mahamudra and the Kagyu teaching of it.Tony has spent decades with the Nyingma teachings. In particular, he spent long periods in Tibet, receiving and practising the highest Dzogchen teachings in retreat. He has made a point of translating the key texts of the system for others who need accurate, reliable, and in-depth information about the practices of Dzogchen. His translation of the ultimate text of Longchen Nyingthig, known in Tibetan as "triyig yeshe lama" or "Guidebook to Highest Wisdom", has been highly praised by Tibetan teachers. ([https://www.amazon.com/-/es/Tony-Duff/e/B004O56VFK?ref=sr_ntt_srch_lnk_1&qid=1599063446&sr=8-1 Source Accessed Sep 2, 2020]);qid=1599063446&sr=8-1 Source Accessed Sep 2, 2020]))
Everest, Tsering + (Lama Tsering Everest was one of the main s … Lama Tsering Everest was one of the main students of Chagdud Tulku Rinpoche, who recognized her as an emanation of Tara and a holder of the Red Tara lineage.Born in the U.S.A., Lama Tsering has served Chagdud Tulku Rinpoche as his translator for more than 11 years. After completing a three year retreat in 1995, she was ordained as a lama and recognized by Chagdud Tulku Rinpoche as a holder of the Red Tara lineage, authorized to give teachings and empowerments. In the same year she was invited to teach in Brazil where she moved to shortly after.She teaches and conducts retreats in many cities across Brazil, Chile, New Zealand and Australia as well as returning each year to fulfill the requests of her students in North America.Lama Tsering is the resident lama and director of Chagdud Gonpa Odsal Ling in São Paulo and is currently coordinating the construction of Odsal Ling's temple in Cotia, Brasil, along with her husband Lama Padma Norbu. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Lama_Tsering_Everest Rigpa Wiki])hp?title=Lama_Tsering_Everest Rigpa Wiki]))
Allione, T. + (Lama Tsultrim Allione is founder and resid … Lama Tsultrim Allione is founder and resident lama of Tara Mandala. She is author of ''Women of Wisdom'', ''Feeding Your Demons'', and ''Wisdom Rising: Journey into the Mandala of the Empowered Feminine''. Born in New England to an academic/publishing family, she traveled to India in her late teens and was ordained as a Buddhist nun at the age of 22 by H.H. the 16th Karmapa. She was the first American to be ordained as a Tibetan Buddhist nun in the Karma Kagyu lineage. After living in the Himalayan region for several years she returned her vows and became the mother of three, while continuing to study and practice Buddhism, particularly focusing on the lineage of Machig Labdron and Dzogchen teachings. In 1993, Lama Tsultrim founded Tara Mandala, a 700-acre center in southwest Colorado where an extraordinary three-story temple in the form of a mandala, dedicated to the sacred feminine in Buddhism has been constructed and consecrated. In 2007 while traveling in Tibet she was recognized as an emanation of Machig Labdron at the historic seat of Machig Zangri Khangmar by the resident lama. This recognition was confirmed by several other lamas, and in 2012 she was given the Machig Labdron empowerment by HH the 17th Karmapa. ([https://taramandala.secure.retreat.guru/teacher/tsultrim-allione/ Source Accessed July 15, 2020])m-allione/ Source Accessed July 15, 2020]))
Yeshe, Thubten + (Lama Yeshe was a founder of the FPMT. A vi … Lama Yeshe was a founder of the FPMT. A visionary teacher who was particularly skilled and intent on presenting the Buddhadharma to Westerners in a way that brought genuine transformation to arise deeply in their hearts and minds. He is the author of many books, including modern Buddhist classics like ''Introduction to Tantra'', and ''The Bliss of Inner Fire''. Lama Yeshe passed away in 1984. Since his passing, the FPMT has grown to over 150 Dharma centers, projects and services in 37 countries. His reincarnation was recognized a few years later as a Spanish boy, Osel Hita, who is now in his early thirties and is teaching Dharma and pursuing interests in filmmaking.arma and pursuing interests in filmmaking.)
Zopa, Thubten + (Lama Zopa Rinpoche is a Tibetan Buddhist s … Lama Zopa Rinpoche is a Tibetan Buddhist scholar and meditator who for over 30 years has overseen the spiritual activities of the extensive worldwide network of centers, projects and services that form the Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition (FPMT) which he founded with Lama Thubten Yeshe. (Source [https://fpmt.org/teachers/zopa/ FPMT.org])https://fpmt.org/teachers/zopa/ FPMT.org]))
Latri Nyima Dakpa + (Latri Khenpo Nyima Dakpa Rinpoche is a sen … Latri Khenpo Nyima Dakpa Rinpoche is a senior geshe at Menri Monastery in Dolanji, India, and one of the new generation of Bön Masters. Rinpoche is the lineage holder and abbot of Latri Monastery in the Kham region of eastern Tibet. Rinpoche received his Geshe degree (Doctorate of Bön) in 1987 from the Bön Dialectic School at Menri Monastery in Dolanji, India. He is officially recognized as a Rinpoche by Menri Monastery.Rinpoche’s early education came from his father, a well-known lama and the lineage holder of the Latri lineage, in the Kham region of eastern Tibet. Further education came from Tsultrim Nyima Rinpoche, the lama of Dorpatan Monastery in Nepal. Rinpoche later entered Menri Monastery in Dolanji, India, the main monastery of Bön religion and education. There, he was taught by His Holiness Lungtok Tonpai Nyima Rinpoche, the 33rd sMenri Trizin (abbot); His Eminence Yongdzin Tenzin Namdak Rinpoche, the Lopon (head teacher) of all Bön education; and master Geshe Yungdrung Namgyal, a teacher of the Bön Dialectic School at Menri. At the request of His Holiness Menri Trizin, Rinpoche founded and is the President of the Bön Children’s Home in Dolanji, India, that provides housing, clothing, food and education for orphaned and underprivileged Bön children from northern India, Nepal, Bhutan and Sikkim. He is also the Vice-Chairman of the LAC for the Central School for Tibetans in Dolanji.Rinpoche was the first Tibetan Bön monk to teach Bon in the United States. Rinpoche has adhered strictly to the authentic Yungdrung Bon texts and teachings as passed down for thousands of years. He is the author of Opening the Door to Bon, the premier guide to the Ngondro practices for Western students of Bon. Rinpoche has taught Bön teachings in the U.S., Europe and Asia since 1989. Rinpoche is an immensely respected monk and teacher throughout the world for his authoritative, compassionate, and engaging teaching of Bön, and his ceaseless service to Bön.He is the founder and Spiritual Director of Yeru Bön Center (headquartered in Minneapolis, with a branch in Los Angeles); Shen Ten Ling Bön Centre in Vienna, Austria; Shen Chen Ling Bon Center in Minsk (Belarus); Sharza Ling Institute in Poland (with headquarters in Warsaw and a retreat center in Zhedoa, Poland); the Bön Shen Ling Center in Moscow; the Bön Shen Drup De Center in Kharkow, Ukraine; and Yeru Canada. Rinpoche is currently supervising a stupa construction project for world peace at the Kungdrol Ling Retreat Center in Thailand. [https://yeruboncenter.org/latri-nyima-dakpa-rinpoche/ Yeru Bon Centre]ruboncenter.org/latri-nyima-dakpa-rinpoche/ Yeru Bon Centre])
Lha btsun nam mkha' 'jigs med + (Lhatsun Namkha Jikme was an important cond … Lhatsun Namkha Jikme was an important conduit of the Dzogchen teachings who was considered to be the combined emanation of Vimalamitra and Longchenpa. He is credited with the "opening" of the hidden land of Sikkim and was instrumental in the establishment of the royal dynasty of this Himalayan kingdom. He was a student of two of the most influential treasure-revealers of his day, Jatsön Nyingpo and Dudul Dorje, though he is perhaps best known for his own pure vision cycle the ''[[Rtsa gsum rig 'dzin srog sgrub]]''. The mountain smoke offering from this cycle has become extremely widespread, especially in the West due to its propagation by Dudjom Rinpoche and his students.ation by Dudjom Rinpoche and his students.)
Damchö, L + (Lhundup Damchö was born and raised in New … Lhundup Damchö was born and raised in New York. After high school, she spent a year back-packing alone in Europe before starting her university studies at Sarah Lawrence, where she earned a BA in humanities. She then spent a year studying and living abroad in Paris and Poland, and then joined the New School for Social Research, for MA studies in Continental and Greek philosophy. In 1989, she left to begin a career as a journalist, continuing for seven years in her hometown of New York and later as bureau chief in Hong Kong. Later, during a year’s sabbatical writing as a freelance journalist, she engaged in a 10-day retreat at Kopan Monastery in Nepal’s Kathmandu valley. It was there that she first heard teachings on Buddhism, from Swedish nun Ani Karin.Within two years, Damchö had left her career, completed several retreats and taken ordination vows in 1999. She was in Dharamsala preparing for another retreat when she first met His Holiness the Karmapa, weeks after his escape from Tibet. Following her retreat, she returned to Madison, Wisconsin, where she continued her seven years of Buddhist philosophy study with Geshe Lhundup Sopa, her abbot. At the same time, Lama Zopa Rinpoche also had a profound influence, and his teachings on renunciation and the cultivation of compassion greatly inspired her practice. In 2003, she was sent to Puerto Rico to offer Dharma talks at the Dharma center founded by Geshe Sopa and directed by Yangsi Rinpoche. Upon arrival in Puerto Rico, Damchö learned that Rinpoche had informed the students there that she would be teaching in Spanish – although her rudimentary knowledge of the language at the time came from having a Cuban sister-in-law, many Latino friends and a lifelong love of languages. Nevertheless, on that slim toehold Damchö began her long engagement with the Dharma in Spanish.During this same period, she lived with other nuns at Deer Park and engaged in graduate studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, studying Sanskrit, Tibetan and interdisciplinary studies of Asian culture and history. Her MA thesis explored reading strategies of Mahayana sutras, particularly the Sanghata Sutra, of which she later produced an English translation and a website devoted to the sutra.In 2006, she returned to India after a six-year absence. After spending over a year reading Sanskrit texts in Pune, Varanasi and Vishakhapatnam with Prabhakara Shastry, (you can read her blog on this period here) she moved to Dharamsala where Dapel and Nangpel had just received their monastic vows from His Holiness the Dalai Lama. After two years in Dharamsala, the seeds of a nuns’ community began to sprout, and when the nuns shared their aspiration with His Holiness the Karmapa, he quickly granted his blessing for them to proceed. In the same year, Damchö received her PhD, with a thesis on gender and ethics in Sanskrit and Tibetan narratives about Buddha’s direct female disciples, entitled “For the Sake of Women, Too: Ethics And Gender in the Narratives of the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya.” Damchö has a project pending to publish an English translation of those stories of these nuns’ lives.Since completing her dissertation in 2009, Damchö has lived in India participating in the life of the nuns’ community, serving His Holiness the 17th Karmapa, Ogyen Trinley Dorje, on various projects, and engaging in various Spanish-language Dharma initiatives.In 2010, under the guidance of the 17th Karmapa, she wrote Karmapa: 900 Years, a historical survey of the Karma Kagyu lineage that has since been translated into twelve languages. She co-translated and edited The Heart Is Noble: Changing the World from the Inside Out, a book of teachings by His Holiness the Karmapa based on several weeks of dialogue between the Karmapa and a group of students from the University of Redlands. She has since organized several other extended interactions between young people and His Holiness. In 2015, she co-translated and edited Nurturing Compassion, teachings by the Karmapa during his first trip to Europe. Under the Gyalwang Karmapa’s guidance, she produced a visual biography to commemorate his predecessor, Dharma King: The Life of the 16th Gyalwang Karmapa in Images, which will be launched in 2016 as part of a commemorative event in Bodhgaya. (Dapel served alongside Damchö to photo-edit this book.) Her translation of his script of a play on the life of Milarepa is also forthcoming from KTD Publications.Damchö gives weekly Dharma talks in Spanish, which can be viewed at www.facebuda.org. She travels regularly to Dharma centers across Latin America, and leads an annual retreat in Mexico. With Silvia Sevilla, she co-founded Editorial Albricias, a Spanish-language publisher of books on Buddhism. With Leslie Serna, she co-founded a Buddhist study institute that offers online courses in Buddhist philosophy and practice in Spanish, free of charge. This study program was given the name Instituto Budadharma by His Holiness the 17th Karmapa in 2012, and currently admits over 500 students each semester.Although the bulk of her time is now divided between India and Latin America, Damchö continues to participate in academic circles, presenting at conferences and engaging in collaborative research projects. She has served as a board member of Maitripa College, a Buddhist college in Portland, Oregon, since its founding in 2005.Source[http://www.dharmadatta.org/en/lhundup-damcho/]://www.dharmadatta.org/en/lhundup-damcho/])
Li-Kouang, L. + (Lin Li-Kouang 林藜光 (1902–1945) was born in … Lin Li-Kouang 林藜光 (1902–1945) was born in 1902 in Xiamen (Amoy), Fujian Province. He graduated in 1926 from the Faculty of Philosophy at Xiamen University and perhaps began his interest in Buddhist Studies at a young age. From 1924 to 1926, he was initiated to Sanskrit by the eminent sinologist and Buddhologist Paul Demiéville (1894–1979) who was in Xiamen at that time. In 1929, he accepted the position as the assistant in the Harvard-Yenching Institute in Peking, at the suggestion of Alexander von Staël-Holstein (1877–1937), an orientalist and a German-Baltic sinologist, with whom he continued his Sanskrit studies and philological researches. At the same time, he started to compile ''Chinese-Sanskrit Index of Kāśyapaparivarta'' that comprised more than 10,000 entries. The index was never published. In 1933, the School of Oriental Languages offered him the position as a Chinese assistant to work alongside Paul Demiéville who was then a professor at the institute. This opportunity allowed him to come to France and study Sanskrit and Pali with the renowned Indologist Sylvain Lévi (1863–1935) at the Collège de France.When Sylvain Levi was in Nepal in 1922, he had someone copy a voluminous collection of Buddhist stanzas, titled ''Dharma-samuccaya''.According to Demiéville,:“''The copy (…) swarmed with faults almost every line (…). A colophon in the manuscript indicated that the stanzas were taken from Saddharma-smṛty-upasthāna-sutra. Sylvain Levi had recognized that the original Sanskrit version of this great work of the Small Vehicle is lost, but a Tibetan version and two Chinese versions have been preserved; he had not, however, succeeded in finding the stanzas from Dharma-samuccaya. The compiler of the Dharma-samuccaya, an obscure monk named Avalokitasiṃha, had the crazy idea of grouping the stanzas of the Saddharma-smṛty-upasthāna-sutra (…) in his own way, and he had upset so well the order according to which the stanzas appeared in the original sutra (…) that Sylvain Levi himself could no longer locate them in their Tibetan or Chinese versions''.” (Demiéville, 1949, Introduction Saddharma-smṛty-upasthāna-sūtration to the Aide-Memoire of the True Law of Lin Li-Kouang)Collating such a manuscript was an enormous task, and one of the most tedious. Sylvain Levi, already too old to undertake this project, entrusted it to Lin Li-kouang. Following the death of his teacher in 1935, Lin Li-Kouang started to copy the Tibetan translation of the sutra at the National Library of Paris before he applied the same process to the versions of the same text that appeared in the “Collection of Buddhist Scriptures in Chinese”. Both translations would then be compared with the Sanskrit manuscript. By dint of patience and obstinacy, he succeeded in identifying Sanskrit stanzas in the Chinese versions one after another until he was able to correct the Sanskrit text of ''Dharma-samuccaya''.Under the mentorship of Louis Renou (1896–1966), then the director of the fourth section of the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Lin Li-kouang finalized an important edition of the 2,549 ''Dharma-samuccaya'' stanzas, accompanied by annotations. The Sanskrit text was published with the revised and corrected Tibetan translation and Chinese translations, as well as a French translation that Lin Li-kouang did himself. On the basis of this collation of the Tibetan translation and the two Chinese adaptations, Lin Li-kouang arrived at some highly insightful observations.After he completed the task, he immediately started to draft Introduction to the Compendium of the Law. The draft was originally conceived as a study on the evolution of the ''Dharma-samuccaya'' in the context of the history and the languages of Buddhism, but due to the numerous implications of the topic, it eventually turned into a complete study of ''Saddharma-smṛty-upasthāna-sutra''. As the text kept expanding, it constituted an enormous sum of researches that studies Therevada Buddhism at a certain point in time during its historical evolution. Under the heading ''The Aide-Memoire of the True Law'', this introductory text consists of five chapters and three hundred and fifty pages. The workload was so prodigious that it required of Lin Li-kouang ten years of his life, including six difficult years during the Second World War. He was incredibly diligent. He devoted his entire daytime to teaching Chinese lessons while carried on his research in the evening, often late into the night.The suffering of the war years, the overwork and his anguish towards the sad fate of his distant county and his relatives, took a toll on his health. On April 29, 1945, at dawn, Lin Li-kouang died silently and in absolute solitude at the sanatorium of St-Hilaire-du-Touvet (Isère) at the age of 43. The following year, his remains were transferred to the Père-Lachaise Cemetery where he is now resting for eternity.After his death, it was in France that his works were revised and published. Paul Demiéville, André Bareau (1921–1993), professor at EPHE and Jan Willem de Jong (1921–2000), professor at the National University of Australia in Canberra, revised the appendices. The Library of America and the East published all his works in four volumes, in 1946, 1949, 1969 and 1973 respectively.It is through these monumental works that Lin Li-kouang has contributed to Buddhist Studies in France. Seventy-two years after the death of this Buddhologist who came to France from a faraway land, we have the honor of associating our annual lecture series with his name. Indeed, his career and his work bear witness to the long tradition of collaborations between the three co-founders of CEIB (Inalco, EPHE and Collège de France), as well as between European and Asian researchers. Most importantly, they perfectly illustrate the deep interests that academics hold for Buddhist Studies, driven by the mission of respecting, translating and reconstructing the plurality of civilizations. ([https://tianzhubuddhistnetwork.org/events/ceib-lin-li-kouang-distinguished-lecture-for-buddhist-studies/ Source Accessed Apr 7, 2022])ist-studies/ Source Accessed Apr 7, 2022]))
Mäll, L. + (Linnart Mäll (7 June 1938 – 14 February 20 … Linnart Mäll (7 June 1938 – 14 February 2010) was an Estonian historian, orientalist, translator and politician. Born in Tallinn, Estonia, Mäll graduated from the University of Tartu in 1962 with a major in general history. He followed graduation with postgraduate studies at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences at the USSR Academy of Sciences (1964–1966) and Department of History, University of Tartu (1966–1969); 1985 Cand. Hist. (PhD) in history, PhD thesis "Ashtasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā as a Historical Source".Since 1994 he was Head of the Centre for Oriental Studies, senior research fellow, Department of History, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Tartu. From 1969 to 1973 he served as lecturer of the Chair of General History at Tartu State University. Later he was dismissed for anti-communist views and subsequently worked for ten years as engineer of the Cabinet for Oriental Studies. He was partly rehabilitated in 1983 and promoted to head of the Laboratory for History and Semiotics (1983–1991). He later served as head of the Laboratory for Oriental Studies (1991–1994).His main research fields included: Buddhist Mahāyāna texts, Buddhist mythology, classical Indian literature and culture, classical Chinese texts, Tibetan Buddhist texts and the history of small nations and peoples.He was one of the first who applied the methods of semiotic analysis for investigation of Buddhist texts and other texts of classical Oriental thought. Mäll was one of the central figures of the branch of oriental studies in the Tartu-Moscow Semiotic School in 1960–70s. In the 1990s he worked on the elaboration of the conception of humanistic base texts; since 1998 the initiator and head of the research project "Humanistic base texts in the history of mankind"; and author of ten books and over one hundred academic articles.Mäll was inspired to become a Buddhist and buddhologist by well-known Estonian theologian and philosopher Uku Masing in the early 1960s. He later studied under and worked together with several Buddhist and non-Buddhist teachers and scholars including Nikolai Konrad, Alexander Piatigorsky, Oktiabrina Volkova, Youri Parfionovich, Lev Menshikov and Lama Bidia Dandaron. He was a teacher and spiritual master for many Estonian Buddhists and orientalists of the younger generation. In the 1990s he established close ties with The Dalai Lama and served as the main organizer of both of his visits to Estonia (1991 and 2001). Mäll was the founder and director of the first Mahāyāna Institute (which existed from 1991 to 1994). ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnart_M%C3%A4ll Source Accessed Mar 17, 2021])t_M%C3%A4ll Source Accessed Mar 17, 2021]))
Stein, L. + (Lisa Stein is a disciple of [https://resea … Lisa Stein is a disciple of [https://research.tsadra.org/index.php/Norbu,_Thinley Thinley Norbu Rinpoche] and [https://research.tsadra.org/index.php/Tharchin,_Lama Lama Tharchin Rinpoche]. She is the co-translator (along with Ngawang Zangpo) of [https://research.tsadra.org/index.php/But%C3%B6n%27s_History_of_Buddhism_in_India_and_Its_Spread_to_Tibet ''Butön's History of Buddhism in India and Its Spread to Tibet'']. She is the owner at EVOLVE, Integrative Personal Training in Portland, Oregon.ive Personal Training in Portland, Oregon.)
Berliner, H. + (Lopön Helen Berliner has been a student of … Lopön Helen Berliner has been a student of Mindrolling Jetsün Khandro Rinpoche since 1994. From 1970-87, she was a student of Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche in the Shambhala Buddhist tradition; and has been fortunate to receive teachings and empowerments from masters of the four great lineages of Tibetan Buddhism. Earlier training in wisdom traditions, East and West, provided the foundation for her path. Ever grateful for the celebration of dharma in the western world, she has worked as editor and/or indexer of books by authors including Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche, Jetsun Khandro Rinpoche, Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche, Ane Pema Chödren, and others. Lopön Helen has degrees in fine arts and psychology, a master’s in Buddhist Studies specializing in environmental psychology, and is the author of ''Enlightened by Design''. As a teacher of Buddhism and contemplative disciplines for over forty years, she delights in sharing the magic, challenges, and ubiquitous potential of the path of practice. ([https://mindroloselling.org/programs-classes/lopons/ Source Accessed Jan 7, 2021])sses/lopons/ Source Accessed Jan 7, 2021]))
Miller, Robert + (Lozang Zopa (Robert Miller) received a B.A … Lozang Zopa (Robert Miller) received a B.A. in History from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (1998). After learning Tibetan in India, he worked for several years as an interpreter, translator, and monastic administrator. His research interests include the use of narrative in Vinaya literature, translation in imperial-era Tibet, and the history of Buddhism in northwest India. ([https://buddhiststudies.berkeley.edu/people/students-cbs Adapted from Source Sep 23, 2021])Robert Miller began working as an interpreter in 2000 under the guidance of Gyume Khensur Rinpoche, Geshe Tashi Tsering at Chenrezig Institute in Australia. In 2007, Garje Khamtrul Rinpoche appointed him Director of Education at Lhundrub Chime Gatsal Ling, a Nyingma monastery near Dharamsala. Since resigning his position in 2015, Robert has begun a PhD with the Group in Buddhist Studies at the University of California-Berkeley. His most recent translations, done under the auspices of 84000, include several chapters from the Vinayavastu, a massive work on monastic community life found in the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya. ([https://conference.tsadra.org/session/approaches-to-transmission-in-the-west-a-discussion-with-contemporary-shedra-students/ Source Accessed Sep 23, 2021])a-students/ Source Accessed Sep 23, 2021]))
Smith, Malcolm + (Malcolm Smith has been a student of the Gr … Malcolm Smith has been a student of the Great Perfection teachings since 1992. His main Dzogchen teachers are Chogyal Namkhai Norbu, the late Kunzang Dechen Lingpa, and the late H.H. Taklung Tsetrul Rinpoche. He is a veteran of a traditional three-year solitary Tibetan Buddhist retreat, a published translator of Tibetan Buddhist texts, and was awarded the Āchārya degree by the Sakya Institute in 2004. He graduated in 2009 from Shang Shung Institute’s School of Tibetan Medicine. He has worked on translations for renowned lamas since 1992, including His Holiness Sakya Trizin, Kunzang Dechen Lingpa, Khenpo Migmar Tseten, Tulku Dakpa Rinpoche, and many others. ([http://www.zangthal.com/about Zangthal Editions - Source Accessed July 8, 2020]) Editions - Source Accessed July 8, 2020]))
Vidal, M. + (Manoel Reverendo Vidal Neto was founder an … Manoel Reverendo Vidal Neto was founder and chief advisor to the newly formed Siddhartha's Intent Brasil as well as long time team member of Khyentse Foundation. Manoel translated Khyentse Rinpoche's live teachings as well as his books into Portuguese. ([http://www.siddharthasintent.org/about-us-2/news/2017/manoel-vidal-founder-and-chief-advisor-to-si-brasil-passes-away/ Adapted from Source Dec 17, 2021])s-away/ Adapted from Source Dec 17, 2021]))
Bazzano, M. + (Manu Bazzano is a psychotherapist/supervis … Manu Bazzano is a psychotherapist/supervisor in private practice and an internationally recognized author, lecturer, and facilitator. He is an associate tutor at Cambridge University. Among his books: ''Buddha is Dead'' (2006); ''Spectre of the Stranger'' (2012); ''After Mindfulness'' (2014); ''Therapy and the Counter-tradition'' (2016); ''Zen and Therapy'' (2017); ''Re-visioning Person-centred Therapy'' (2018); ''Nietzsche and Psychotherapy'' (2019). He is a regular contributor to several academic journals and magazines. ([https://books.google.com/books/about/Re_Visioning_Existential_Therapy.html?id=i1aFzQEACAAJ&source=kp_author_description Source Accessed Jan 7, 2021])thor_description Source Accessed Jan 7, 2021]))
Soeters, M. + (Marianne Soeters is affiliated with Jewel Heart Tibetan Buddhist Learning Center in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and the late Gelek Rimpoche. She is the editor of several works by Gelek Rimpoche.)
Boussemart, M. + (Marie-Stella Boussemart is a Gelugpa nun a … Marie-Stella Boussemart is a Gelugpa nun and a member of the Ganden Ling Congregation, founded by the Venerable Dagpo Rinpoche, with whom she has studied since 1973 and for whom she has served as a French interpreter since 1979. Holder of a doctorate in Tibetan (Inalco), she has translated numerous works. She was president of the Buddhist Union of France from May 2012 to March 2015. ([https://bouddhanews.fr/journaliste/ms-boussemart/ Source Accessed Apr 30, 2021])boussemart/ Source Accessed Apr 30, 2021]))
Mazu Daoyi + (Mazu Daoyi (709–788) (Chinese: 馬祖道一; pinyi … Mazu Daoyi (709–788) (Chinese: 馬祖道一; pinyin: Mǎzŭ Dàoyī; Wade–Giles: Ma-tsu Tao-yi, Japanese: Baso Dōitsu) was an influential abbot of Chan Buddhism during the Tang dynasty. The earliest recorded use of the term "Chan school" is from his ''Extensive Records''. Master Ma's teaching style of "strange words and extraordinary actions" became paradigmatic Zen lore.His family name was Ma – Mazu meaning ''Ancestor Ma'' or ''Master Ma''. He was born in 709 northwest of Chengdu in Sichuan. During his years as master, Mazu lived in Jiangxi, from which he took the name "Jiangxi Daoyi".In the ''Transmission of the Lamp'', compiled in 1004, Mazu is described as follows::His appearance was remarkable. He strode along like a bull and glared about him like a tiger. If he stretched out his tongue, it reached up over his nose; on the soles of his feet were imprinted two circular marks.According to the ''Transmission of the Lamp'', Mazu was a student of Nanyue Huairang (677-744) at Mount Heng in Hunan. A story in the entry on Nanyue Huairang in the ''Transmission of the Lamp'' is regarded as Mazu's enlightenment-account, though the text does not claim it as such. An earlier and more primitive version of this story appears in the ''Anthology of the Patriarchal Hall'' which was transcribed in 952::Reverend Ma was sitting in a spot, and Reverend Rang took a tile and sat on the rock facing him, rubbing it. Master Ma asked, "What are you doing?" Master [Huairang] said, "I'm rubbing the tile to make it a mirror." Master Ma said, "How can you make a mirror by rubbing a tile?" Master [Huairang] said, "If I can't make a mirror by rubbing a tile, how can you achieve buddhahood by sitting in meditation?"This story echoes the ''Vimalakirti Sutra'' and the ''Platform Sutra'' in downgrading purificative and gradualist practices instead of direct insight into the Buddha-nature. . . .Though regarded as an unconventional teacher, Mazu's teachings emphasise Buddha-nature::[L]et each of you see into his own mind. ... However eloquently I may talk about all kinds of things as innumerable as the sands of the Ganges, the Mind shows no increase... . You may talk ever so much about it, and it is still your Mind; you may not at all talk about it, and it is just the same your own Mind. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazu_Daoyi Source Accessed July 15, 2021])Mazu_Daoyi Source Accessed July 15, 2021]))
Blacker, M. + (Melissa Myozen Blacker, Roshi, is a Zen te … Melissa Myozen Blacker, Roshi, is a Zen teacher with Boundless Way Zen, a school of Zen Buddhism with practice centers throughout New England and beyond. She is one of the resident teachers at Boundless Way Temple (Mugendo-ji) in Worcester, MA.Background: Melissa was born in 1954 in Boston, Massachusetts. Her parents were secular Jews, who taught her from an early age to have a deep appreciation of art, theater, music (especially jazz) and leftist politics. In order to understand a spontaneous spiritual experience she had when she was nine years old, Melissa began a life-long exploration of religion and psychology. Education, Work and Family: Melissa is a 1976 graduate of Wesleyan University, with a BA magna cum laude in Anthropology and Music. She went on to earn an MA in Counseling Psychology from Vermont College of Norwich University in 1991, specializing in grief counseling. In 1993, after careers as a vocalist, pianist, music teacher and psychotherapist, she joined the staff of the Center for Mindfulness, founded by Jon Kabat-Zinn at the University of Massachusetts Medical School in Worcester. Until 2012 she was a member of the teaching staff, the Associate Director of the Stress Reduction Clinic, and a Director of professional training programs at the Center. She met her husband David Dae An Rynick, Roshi in 1977, and they married in 1982. Their daughter, Rachel Blacker Rynick, was born in 1986.Zen training and teaching: In 1981 she and David began studying Zen with the independent teacher Richard Clarke, a former student of Philip Kapleau, Roshi. After twenty years of study with Dr. Clarke she became the student of James Myoun Ford, Roshi, a dharma heir of Jiyu Kennett, Roshi and John Tarrant, Roshi. She was ordained a Soto Zen priest (unsui) in 2004 and completed shuso training in 2005. Advancing through the Harada-Yasutani koan curriculum she received Dharma transmission from James Ford in April of 2006, and was elected a guiding teacher of Boundless Way Zen. After hosting a Zen meditation group in their home for 20 years, Melissa and David founded Boundless Way Temple in 2009. Melissa received inka shomei from James Ford in July, 2010.Melissa is co-editor of ''The Book of Mu'', published by Wisdom Publications in April of 2011, and her writing appears in ''Best Buddhist Writing'', 2012, published by Shambhala Publications and ''The Hidden Lamp'', published by Wisdom in 2013 . . . She is a member of the American Zen Teachers Association and the Soto Zen Buddhist Association.([http://www.melissablacker.com/biography/ Source Accessed Jul 20, 2020])/biography/ Source Accessed Jul 20, 2020]))
Miller, Jeff + (Member of the Padma Translation Committee under the direction of Chagdud Tulku.)
Griffin, M. + (Michael Griffin is Associate Professor of … Michael Griffin is Associate Professor of Classics and Philosophy at the University of British Columbia. His research focuses on Ancient Greek philosophy in late antiquity, particularly philosophical education. He is coeditor, with Richard Sorabji, of the Ancient Commentators on Aristotle project. He is author of ''Aristotle's Categories in the Early Roman Empire'' (OUP, 2015) and a two-volume translation of the Neoplatonist Olympiodorus’ introduction to Platonic philosophy, ''Olympiodorus: On Plato’s Alcibiades'' (Bloomsbury, 2014 and 2016). (Source: [[Ethics without Self, Dharma without Atman]])hics without Self, Dharma without Atman]]))
Lackner, M. + (Michael Lackner, Dr. phil. (1983), Ludwig- … Michael Lackner, Dr. phil. (1983), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, is Professor of Sinology at the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg. He has published monographs and many articles on China and co-edited Mapping meanings. The Field of New Learning in Late Qing China (Brill, 2004). Source: ([https://brill.com/view/title/34845?contents=editorial-content Brill])e/34845?contents=editorial-content Brill]))
Tweed, M. + (Michael is a well-known editor of Tibetan … Michael is a well-known editor of Tibetan Buddhist texts, particularly on Dzogchen and Mahamudra. Titles he has worked on include Blazing Splendor by Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, Brilliant Moon by Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, The Great Image: The Biography of Vairotsana, Clear Mirror by Dudjom Lingpa, The Royal Seal of Mahamudra by Khamtrul Rinpoche III, Freedom in Bondage by Adeu Rinpoche, Clarifying the Natural State by Dakpo Tashi Namgyal, Crystal Clear by Thrangu Rinpoche, Lotus Ocean by Tsikey Chokling Rinpoche, The Great Medicine by Shechen Rabjam Rinpoche, Heart Teachings by Penor Rinpoche (forthcoming), Wellsprings of the Great Perfection by Erik Pema Kunsang, and many others. ([http://www.zangthal.com/about Source Accessed May 7, 2020])al.com/about Source Accessed May 7, 2020]))
Khandro Rinpoche + (Mindrolling Jetsün Khandro Rinpoche aka Ts … Mindrolling Jetsün Khandro Rinpoche aka Tsering Paldrön (Tib. ཚེ་རིང་དཔལ་སྒྲོན་, Wyl. tshe ring dpal sgron) (b.1967) is the daughter of Kyabjé Minling Trichen Rinpoche and one of the most renowned Tibetan teachers currently teaching in the West.She was recognized at the age of two by His Holiness the 16th Karmapa as the reincarnation of the great dakini of Tsurphu, Khandro Ugyen Tsomo, one of the most renowned female masters of her time. The present Khandro Rinpoche holds the lineages of both the Nyingma and Kagyü traditions.Khandro Rinpoche has received teachings and transmissions from some of the most accomplished masters of the 20th century, including His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Minling Trichen, Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, Trulshik Rinpoche, Tenga Rinpoche, Taklung Tsetrul Rinpoche and Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche.[Khandro] Rinpoche maintains a rigorous schedule, teaching from both the Kagyü and Nyingma traditions in the USA including Hawaii, Canada, Denmark, Norway, Spain, Germany, France, the Czech Republic and Greece. She has established and heads the Samten Tse Retreat Center in Mussoori, India, which is home to 30 nuns and also provides a place of study and retreat for monastics and western lay practitioners. [Khandro] Rinpoche is also resident teacher at the Lotus Garden Retreat Center in Virginia, USA, which she established to provide retreat practice, the study of important Buddhist texts, and visiting teachers from all lineages. [Khandro] Rinpoche is also actively involved with the Mindroling Monastery in Dehra Dun, India.She also heads a variety of charitable projects that supply health care and Buddhist education for monastics and lay practitioners who work side by side in a variety of challenging settings—including a leprosy project. ([https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Mindrolling_Jets%C3%BCn_Khandro_Rinpoche Source Accessed Oct 14, 2020])ro_Rinpoche Source Accessed Oct 14, 2020]))
Morris, R. + (Morris was born at Bermondsey on 8 Septemb … Morris was born at Bermondsey on 8 September 1833, of Welsh parentage. He was trained as an elementary schoolmaster at St John's College, Battersea, but his education was for the most part self-acquired. In 1869, he was appointed Winchester lecturer on English language and literature in King's College School. In 1871, he was ordained, and served for two years as curate of Christ Church, Camberwell. From 1875 to 1888 he served as headmaster of the Royal Masonic School for Boys at Wood Green, and afterwards for a short time master of the grammar school of Dedham, Essex. His diploma of LL.D. was a Lambeth degree, conferred in 1870 by Archbishop Tait. As early as 1857, Morris showed the bent of his mind by publishing a little book on ''The Etymology of Local Names''. He was one of the first to join as an active member the Chaucer, Early English, and Philological societies, founded by his lifelong friend, Dr F. J. Furnivall. None of his colleagues surpassed him in the devotion which he expended upon editing the oldest remains of our national literature from the original manuscript sources, on the same scientific principles as adopted by classical scholars. Between 1862 and 1880, he brought out no fewer than twelve volumes for the Early English Text Society, including three series of ''Homilies'' (1868 onwards) and two of ''Alliterative Poems'' (1864). In 1866, he edited Chaucer for the ''Aldine Poets'' (2nd ed. 1891). This was the first edition to be based upon manuscripts since that of Thomas Tyrwhitt, and remained the standard one until it was superseded by W. W. Skeat's edition of 1894–7. In 1869, he edited Edmund Spenser for Macmillan's ''Globe'' edition, again using manuscripts as well as the original editions. In 1867, he published ''Specimens of Early English'' for the Clarendon Press, Oxford, which was augmented by Skeat in later editions. Morris's long experience as a schoolmaster also prompted him to undertake a series of successful educational works. The first was ''Historical Outlines of English Accidence'' (1872), which went through some twenty editions, before being thoroughly revised after the author's death by Henry Bradley and Leon Kellner. In 1874 he brought out ''Elementary Lessons in Historical English Grammar''; and in the same year a primer of ''English Grammar''. Scarcely had he struck out on this remunerative line of authorship than he turned aside to devote the remainder of his life to the study of Pāli, the sacred language of Buddhism. The stimulus came from his friendship with Professor Thomas Rhys Davids, founder of the Pāli Text Society. For the PTS he edited four texts between 1882 and 1888, more than any other contributor up to that point. But he did not confine himself to editing: his familiarity with the development of early English caused him to take a special interest in the corresponding position of Pāli, as standing midway between the ancient Sanskrit and the modern vernaculars, and as branching out into various dialects known as Prakrits. These relations of Pāli he expounded in a series of letters to the Academy, which were valuable not only for their lexicographical facts, but also as illustrating the historical growth of the languages of India. The last work he was able to complete was a paper on this subject, read before the International Congress of Orientalists in London in September 1892. He was not personably able to correct the proofs of this paper for publication in the ''Transactions''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Morris_(philology) Source Accessed June 15, 2020]))
Ostensen, M. + (Morten Ostensen is the Digital Curator for … Morten Ostensen is the Digital Curator for the Research Department of Tsadra Foundation where he works to create digital editions of major Tibetan literary collections, as well other online resources developed by the research team and their collaborators. He was a frequent resident of Nepal from the mid 1990's until 2015 where he has studied Buddhism as an undergrad, a graduate student, and a doctoral candidate, as well as in more traditional settings. He now lives in upstate New York with his wife and daughter.state New York with his wife and daughter.)
Ngor mkhan chen, 2nd + (Muchen Sempa Chenpo Konchok Gyeltsen was a … Muchen Sempa Chenpo Konchok Gyeltsen was a Sakya master who was born in the Mu valley of U. Late in his long life he became the second abbot of Ngor Monastery, which was founded by his teacher Ngorchen Kunga Zangpo. Konchok Gyeltsen founded Linga Dewachen Monastery in 1437 and Musu Yama Monastery in 1459, and was important in the transmission of the Sakya Lamdre tradition.ransmission of the Sakya Lamdre tradition.)
Lha sras dam 'dzin mu rub btsan po + (Murub Tsenpo was the second of the three sons of King Trisong Deutsen. Also known as Yeshe Rolpa Tsal and Lhase Lotsāwa, several prominent tertöns were considered to be his emanations, including Sangye Lingpa, Zhikpo Lingpa, and Chogyur Lingpa.)
Adams, M. + (Namdrol Miranda Adams holds an MA in Educa … Namdrol Miranda Adams holds an MA in Education with a focus on Educational Leadership and Policy from Portland State University, and a BA in English Literature from New York University. Since 1998 she has dedicated her life to the study and practice of the Tibetan language and the Tibetan Buddhist tradition, seven of those as a Buddhist nun. She studied the traditional texts and their commentaries at Deer Park Monastery in Wisconsin from 1998–2003 and her editing and translation work includes ''Practicing the Path'', the ''Rubin Foundation's Treasury of Lives'', ''Karmapa 900'', and the ''Lama Yeshe Wisdom Archive's Kopan Lam Rim Courses''. She has been the assistant of Yangsi Rinpoche since 1999 and is one of the founders of Maitripa College, where she is Dean of Education. (Source: [https://wisdomexperience.org/product/practicing-path/ Wisdom Publications])uct/practicing-path/ Wisdom Publications]))
Nanjio, B. + (Nanjo Bunyu, or Nanjō Bun'yū (南条文雄) (1 Jul … Nanjo Bunyu, or Nanjō Bun'yū (南条文雄) (1 July 1849 – 9 November 1927) was a Buddhist priest and one of the most important modern Japanese scholars of Buddhism. Nanjō was born to the abbot of Seiunji Temple (誓運寺), part of the Shinshu Ōtani sect (真宗大谷派) of the Higashi Honganji (東本願寺) branch of Jodo Shinshu.Nanjō studied Classical Chinese texts and Buddhist doctrine in his youth before being sent to Europe in 1876 to study Sanskrit and Indian philosophy from European scholars, including Max Müller, under whom Bunyu studied in England. While there he met the Chinese Buddhist Yang Wenhui, whom he helped to acquire some three hundred Chinese Buddhist texts that had been lost in China to be reprinted at Yang's printing house in Nanjing.In September 1880, Nanjō examined and cataloged a complete edition of the Chinese translation of the Buddhist Tripitaka that had been gifted to the India Office Library in London by the Japanese government. He determined that the India Office Library collection contained the same works as those mentioned in the oldest Catalogue of the Chinese Translation of the Buddhist Tripitaka compiled in 520 AD.He returned to Japan in 1884 and served as a professor or head of a number of Buddhist seminaries and universities until his death. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjo_Bunyu Source Accessed Jan 13, 2022])Nanjo_Bunyu Source Accessed Jan 13, 2022]))

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