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A list of all pages that have property "Bio" with value "Namdrol Miranda Adams holds an MA in Education with a focus on Educational Leadership and Policy from Portland State University, and a BA in English Literature from New York University. Since 1998 she has dedicated her life to the study and practice of the Tibetan language and the Tibetan Buddhist tradition, seven of those as a Buddhist nun. She studied the traditional texts and their commentaries at Deer Park Monastery in Wisconsin from 1998–2003 and her editing and translation work includes ''Practicing the Path'', the ''Rubin Foundation's Treasury of Lives'', ''Karmapa 900'', and the ''Lama Yeshe Wisdom Archive's Kopan Lam Rim Courses''. She has been the assistant of Yangsi Rinpoche since 1999 and is one of the founders of Maitripa College, where she is Dean of Education. (Source: [https://wisdomexperience.org/product/practicing-path/ Wisdom Publications])". Since there have been only a few results, also nearby values are displayed.

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Khri srong lde'u btsan + (King Trisong Deutsen (742-c.800/755-797 ac … King Trisong Deutsen (742-c.800/755-797 according to the Chinese sources) – the thirty-eighth king of Tibet, son of King Me Aktsom, second of the three great religious kings and one of the main disciples of Guru Rinpoche. It was due to his efforts that the great masters Śāntarakṣita and Guru Padmasambhava came from India and established Buddhism firmly in Tibet. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=King_Trisong_Detsen Rigpa Wiki]).hp?title=King_Trisong_Detsen Rigpa Wiki]).)
Janert, K. + (Klaus Ludwig Janert (Wittenberg 9.3.1922 — … Klaus Ludwig Janert (Wittenberg 9.3.1922 — 10.12.1994) was a German Indologist and Professor in Cologne. He studied Indology, Tamil, IE and Slavic linguistics at Halle (under Thieme) and Göttingen, where [he earned his] Ph.D. [in] 1954. He worked in Göttingen University Library. He retired in 1987. He was a demanding teacher and critic. Married twice, with Imogen Mutschmann and Ilse Pliester.The main field of Janert was clearly the study of manuscripts, while a further interest was the Aśoka inscriptions, also history of Indology, Tamil, and Nakhi. Among his students was U. Niklas. ([https://whowaswho-indology.info/2784/janert-klaus-ludwig/ Adapted from Source Jan 15, 2024])ludwig/ Adapted from Source Jan 15, 2024]))
Maitreya + (Known in Tibetan as the "Lord of Love" or … Known in Tibetan as the "Lord of Love" or the "Noble Loving One" འཕགས་པ་བྱམས་པ། (Pakpa Jampa), the "Loving Protector" བྱམས་པའི་མགོན་པོ་ (Jampay Gonpo), in Chinese as 弥勒佛 (Mi Le Fo), Japanese as Miroku, and commonly as Maitreya throughout Asia and beyond. Maitreya is the bodhisattva called the "future Buddha" who resides in Tushita heaven until coming to the human realm to take the role of the next Buddha after Śākyamuni Buddha. According to tradition, Asaṅga received teachings from Maitreya and recorded them in the Five Dharma Treatises of Maitreya, which form the basis for buddha-nature teachings and the larger Yogācāra teachings in general.The list of five is: Ornament of Clear Realization (Abhisamayālaṃkāra, mngon rtogs rgyan, 現觀莊嚴論); Ornament for the Mahāyāna Sūtras (Mahāyānasūtrālaṃkāra, theg pa chen po mdo sde rgyan, 大乘莊嚴經論); Differentiation of the Middle and the Extremes (Madhyāntavibhāga, dbus mtha' rnam 'byed, 辨中邊論頌); Differentiation of Phenomena and Their Nature (Dharmadharmatāvibhāga, chos dang chos nyid rnam 'byed, 辨法法性論); and The Mahāyāna Treatise of the Highest Continuum (Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra, theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos, 分別寶性大乘無上續論).traśāstra, theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos, 分別寶性大乘無上續論).)
Shinohara, K. + (Koichi Shinohara works on Buddhism in East … Koichi Shinohara works on Buddhism in East Asia. Before coming to Yale in 2004 he taught at McMaster University in Ontario, Canada. He has written on a variety of topics including Chinese Buddhist biographies, monastic rules, and Buddhist story literature, with a focus on the works of a famous historian and a vinaya specialist Daoxuan (596-677) and his collaborator Daoshi (dates unknown). Daoshi was the compiler of the Fayuan zhulin, an encyclopedic anthology of scriptural passages and Chinese Buddhist miracle stories. Shinohara reads Buddhist biographies as a distinct type of religious literature and through the study of these biographies, he also became interested in sacred places and the stories told about them. Daoxuan's writings on monastic practices opened doors to unexpected readings of Chinese Buddhist miracle stories. More recently, he has been studying the evolution of early esoteric Buddhist rituals through Chinese sources. These rituals emerged in India and developed from simpler recitation of spells to elaborate rituals performed in front of images and mandalas. Though much of the early evidence for this development no longer exists in Indic languages, it has been preserved in Chinese dharani collections and translations, some of which can be dated fairly reliably. This study sheds some light on the relationship between ritual and images. ([https://mavcor.yale.edu/people/koichi-shinohara Source Accessed Nov 29, 2023])i-shinohara Source Accessed Nov 29, 2023]))
Blancke, K. + (Kristin Blancke is an independent research … Kristin Blancke is an independent researcher in Tibetan Buddhism, working many years on the Italian translation of the ''Hundred Thousand Songs of Milarepa'' by Tsang Nyon Heruka. In her research she evaluates earlier texts about the life and teachings of Milarepa, so as to be able to get a more 'realistic' picture of this great teacher. ([https://independent.academia.edu/kristinblancke Adapted from Source March 19, 2024])ancke Adapted from Source March 19, 2024]))
Kuiji + (Kuiji. (J. Kiki; K. Kyugi 窺基) (632-682). S … Kuiji. (J. Kiki; K. Kyugi 窺基) (632-682). Scholar-monk of the Tang dynasty, commonly regarded as the founder of the Faxiang zong of Chinese Yogācāra Buddhism. Orphaned as a boy, Kuiji was ordained as a teenager and assigned to the imperial translation bureau in the Tang capital; there, he emerged as one of the principal disciples of Xuanzang, under whom he studied Sanskrit and Indian Buddhist abhidharma and Yogācāra scholasticism. He participated in Xuanzang's numerous translation projects and is closely associated with the redaction of the ''Cheng weishi lun'', which included extensive selections from ten Indian commentaries. Kuiji played a crucial role in selecting and evaluating the various doctrinal positions that were to be summarized in the text. Kuiji subsequently wrote a series of lengthy commentaries on Dharmapāla's doctrinally conservative lineage of Vijñaptimātratā-Yogācāra philosophy. His elaborate and technical presentation of Yogācāra philosophy, which came to be designated pejoratively as Faxiang (Dharma Characteristics), contrasted markedly with the earlier Chinese Yogācāra school established by Paramārtha. Because he resided and eventually died at Daci’ensi, he is often known as Ci’en dashi (J. Jion daishi; K. Chaǔn taesa), the Great Master of Ci'en Monastery. Kuiji commentaries include the ''Chengweishi lun shuji'' and the ''Dasheng fayuan yilin zhang''. (Source: "Kuiji." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 450. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Kumāralāta + (Kumāralāta (3rd century) was an Indian fou … Kumāralāta (3rd century) was an Indian founder of the Sautrāntika school of Buddhism. He was a native of Taxila, in modern day Pakistan.According to the Chinese sources, he moved to Kabandha, where the king of the country gave him a splendid monastery in an old palace. He was known all over the Buddhist world for his genius, great learning and abilities; he also had influence on the development of Japanese Buddhism. He was considered one of the "four Suns illuminating the world", other three being Aśvaghoṣa, Āryadeva and Nāgārjuna.The founding of the Sautrāntika school is attributed to the elder Kumāralāta (c. 3rd century CE), author of a "collection of dṛṣtānta" (''Dṛṣtāntapaṅkti'') called the ''Kalpanāmaṇḍitīkā''. The Sautrāntikas were sometimes also called "disciples of Kumāralāta". According to the Chinese sources, Harivarman (250-350 CE) was a student of Kumāralāta who became disillusioned with Buddhist Abhidharma and then wrote the ''Tattvasiddhi-śāstra'' in order to "eliminate confusion and abandon the later developments, with the hope of returning to the origin". This writing then formed the basis of formation of Jōjitsu school of Japanese Buddhism.Kumāralāta's work ''Kalpanāmaṇḍitikā Dṛṣṭāntapaṅkti'' (“Garland of Examples,” henceforth Kumāralāta’s Garland) reflects an urgent statement of the core values of Buddhist urban businesspeople. According to Loukota Sanclemente and Diego, it emphasize both religious piety and the pursuit of wealth, a concern for social respectability, a strong work ethic, and an emphasis on rational decision-making. These values inform Kumāralāta’s religious vision of poverty and wealth. His vision of religious giving conjugates economic behavior and religious doctrine, and the outcome is a model that confers religious legitimation to the pursuit of wealth but also an economic outlet for religious fervor and a solid financial basis for the monastic establishment, depicted by Kumāralāta in close interdependence with the laity and, most importantly, within the same social class. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kum%C4%81ral%C4%81ta Source Accessed Aug 31, 2023])ral%C4%81ta Source Accessed Aug 31, 2023]))
Schaeffer, K. + (Kurtis R. Schaeffer received an M.A. in Bu … Kurtis R. Schaeffer received an M.A. in Buddhist Studies from the University of Washington in 1995, a Ph.D. in Tibetan and South Asian Religions from Harvard in 2000 and is now is the Frances Myers Ball Professor of Religion and the Chair of the Department of Religious Studies at the University of Virginia. He is a student of Buddhist history and culture, with a special interest in the spiritual literature of Tibet and the Himalayas. He is the author or editor of nine books, including the largest anthology of Tibetan literature in English and, most recently, a translation of the life of the Buddha. Schaeffer co-directs the half-century old Tibetan Buddhist studies graduate program at the University of Virginia and, with Martien Halvorson-Taylor, directs the Global Religion Lab at UVA. His books include The Life of the Buddha (2015), Sources of Tibetan Tradition (2013), The Tibetan History Reader (2013), The Culture of the Book in Tibet (2009), An Early Tibetan Catalogue of Buddhist Literature (2009), Dreaming the Great Brahmin, and Himalayan Hermitess (2004). ([https://religiousstudies.as.virginia.edu/kurtis-r-schaeffer Source Accessed April 12, 2023])You can watch Kurtis talk about [http://conference.tsadra.org/session/notes-from-the-cave-jigs-med-gling-pa-on-buddha-nature/ Jigmé Lingpa's notes from a cave here] and learn more about [http://conference.tsadra.org/session/kavya-in-tibet/ Kavya literature and translation here].[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZYwvi8-KUk&index=23&list=UL7FWysj1EjdY He is also an editor and contributor to The Lives of the Masters Series] at [https://www.shambhala.com/lives-of-the-masters-series/ Shambhala Publications] and you can [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FWysj1EjdY&list=UL40lXGqjo_oY&index=19 watch him speak more about Jigme Lingpa here]. Kurtis also contributed to the amazing [http://lotb.iath.virginia.edu/ Life of the Buddha project online] with [[People/Quintman,_A.|Andrew Quintman]]. *[http://virginia.academia.edu/KurtisSchaeffer Schaeffer on Academia.edu]*[http://www.uvatibetcenter.org/ Learn more about The UVA Tibet Center]uvatibetcenter.org/ Learn more about The UVA Tibet Center])
Lati Rinpoche + (Kyabje Lati Rinpoche (1922 – 12 April 2010 … Kyabje Lati Rinpoche (1922 – 12 April 2010) Born in the Kham region of Eastern Tibet in 1922, Lati Rinpoche was identified as the reincarnation of a great practitioner by Gongkar Rinpoche and entered monastic life at the age of 10.At the age of fifteen, he enrolled in Gaden Shartse Norling College, one of the 'great three' Gelukpa university monasteries of Tibet.In 1959, Lati Rinpoche sat for the Geshe Lharmapa examination and he was conferred as "Geshe Lharampa". In 1960, Lati Rinpoche joined the tantric college in Lhasa, and started intensive study in Tantra. In 1964, Lati Rinpoche left Tibet to join the 14th Dalai Lama in exile. On arrival in Dharamsala, he was appointed as the Spiritual Advisor to the 14th Dalai Lama.From 1976, Lati Rinpoche taught at the Namgyal Gomba (the 14th Dalai Lama's personal monastery). In the same year, he was appointed as the Abbot of the Shartse Norling College of Gaden Monastery, a replacement university in the like of Gaden Shartse Norling College, for the monkhood in exile. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lati_Rinpoche Source Accessed July 24, 2023])i_Rinpoche Source Accessed July 24, 2023]))
Trulshik Rinpoche + (Kyabje Trulshik Rinpoche, the teacher whos … Kyabje Trulshik Rinpoche, the teacher whose great kindness we remember with so much gratitude, was one of the last great masters to have completed a truly extensive study, training and practice of the Tibetan (Buddhist tradition within the extraordinary cultural environment of Tibet before the invasion by the Chinese communist régime. He was the close disciple of many of the greatest masters of his time including Kyabje Dudjom Rinpoche and Kyabje Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche. Later he was himself to become a respected teacher of His Holiness the Dalai Lama himself. He was the holder of an important monastic lineage as well as of many precious instructions and transmissions.[http://www.songtsen.org/songtsen/founding-teachers/kyabje-trulshik-rinpoche/ Longer version of Trulshik Rinpoche's bio on Songtsen.org]f Trulshik Rinpoche's bio on Songtsen.org])
Tokuno. K. + (Kyoko Tokuno was a senior lecturer in Comp … Kyoko Tokuno was a senior lecturer in Comparative Religion at the Jackson School of International Studies. She is a graduate of the University of California, Berkeley, and received a Ph.D. in Buddhist Studies in 1994. Since then she has taught at the University of Oregon and joined the UW faculty in 2001. Her current interests focus on Buddhist texts and culture of medieval China and Japan, their relation to Indian Buddhism, and development of Buddhist canon in East Asia. Tokuno’s most recent projects include Byways in Medieval Chinese Buddhism: The Book of Trapusa and Indigenous Scriptures (Kuroda Institute Studies in East Asian Buddhism Series, University of Hawaii Press), which has been accepted for publication. She has published articles in The Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, chapters in Encyclopedia of Buddhism and A Bibliographic Guide to the Comparative Study of Ethics, and a translation of “The Book of Resolving Doubts Concerning the Age of Semblance Dharma” in Buddhism in Practice. She teaches courses on Buddhism and world religions. ([https://jsis.washington.edu/global/people/kyoko-tokuno/ Source Accessed June 2, 2023])oko-tokuno/ Source Accessed June 2, 2023]))
Skyo ston smon lam tshul khrims + (Kyotön Monlam Tsultrim, the abbot who led … Kyotön Monlam Tsultrim, the abbot who led Narthang monastery at the peak of its history, was an illustrious figure of his time in Central Tibet. A resolute monk, a meditation master, a learned scholar, author, and public figure, he epitomized the high ideals, practices, and approaches of the Kadam school and championed its traditions of scriptural exegesis and meditation instructions. A Kadam luminary, he also left behind religious writings which hold great significance for Tibetan Buddhist scholarship and practice today.(Source: Karma Phuntsho, ''The Life and Works of Kyotön Monlam Tsultrim'', iii)nd Works of Kyotön Monlam Tsultrim'', iii))
Kyǒnghǔng + (Kyǒnghǔng (fl. seventh century) came from Silla. According to the catalogue ''Naracho genzai issaikyosho mokuroku'', the monk Kyǒnghǔng wrote thirteen commentaries on Buddhist texts.)
Alldritt, L. + (LESLIE D. ALLDRITT is an Associate Profess … LESLIE D. ALLDRITT is an Associate Professor of Religion and Philosophy at Northland College in Ashland, Wisconsin. He earned his Ph.D. in Religious Studies from Temple University in 1991 and was privileged to study with Dr. Richard DeMartino at Temple University. His current research interest is Japanese Buddhism and its relationship to the ''burakumin'', a discriminated group in Japan. Born in Kansas, he currently resides in northern Wisconsin with his wife, Vicki, and son, Owen. ([https://ia802900.us.archive.org/7/items/religionsoftheworldbuddhismlesliealldrittd._239_D/Religions%20of%20the%20World%20%20Buddhism%20Leslie%20Alldritt%20D..pdf Source Accessed Feb 13, 2023])tt%20D..pdf Source Accessed Feb 13, 2023]))
Chonam, Lama + (Lama Chönam, Chöying Namgyal, was born in … Lama Chönam, Chöying Namgyal, was born in the Golog area of eastern Tibet in 1964. His root teacher, Khenpo Münsel, was a direct disciple of Khenpo Ngagchung and was himself one of the great authentic Dzogchen masters of the twentieth century. Lama Chönam escaped Tibet in 1992 and later came to the United States, where he resides today. Over the past sixteen years Lama Chönam has been teaching Tibetan language and the Buddhadharma. He is one of the founders of the Light of Berotsana Translation Group. (Source: [https://wisdomexperience.org/product/lives-and-liberation-princess-mandarava/ Wisdom Publications])-princess-mandarava/ Wisdom Publications]))
Chödrön, K. + (Lama Karma Yeshe Chödrön is a scholar, tea … Lama Karma Yeshe Chödrön is a scholar, teacher, and translator in the Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism. She divides her time between the Rigpe Dorje Institute at Pullahari Monastery, Kathmandu, and Santa Fe, New Mexico. Before studying Buddhism, she completed graduate degrees in biology and law and worked as a litigator in Miami and Silicon Valley. With her husband, Lama Karma Zopa Jigme, she cofounded Prajna Fire and the Prajna Sparks podcast. She also co-hosts the Opening Dharma Access: Listening to BIPOC teachers podcast. ([https://www.lionsroar.com/author/lama-karma-yeshe-chodron/ Source Accessed April 25, 2024])-chodron/ Source Accessed April 25, 2024]))
Harrington, L. + (Laura Harrington received her received her … Laura Harrington received her received her Ph.D. in Religious Studies from Columbia University and subsequently taught Indo-Tibetan Buddhism, Asian Religions, Buddhist Art and Comparative Asian Medical Traditions at Trinity College and Wesleyan University. Her interests also include Tibetan Buddhism in the United States.Professor Harrington’s research focuses on the study of Buddhist material culture, with a particular emphasis on the role of embodiment and emotion in the production of religious belief. Her interests also include the impact of so-called “modernity” discourse on the study of Tibet. She is contributing editor (with Robert Barnett) of the volume ''New Perspectives on Tibetan Traditionality'', and contributing editor for the books ''Tibetan Astro-Science'' (Tibet Domani, 2000) and ''Kālachakra'' (Tibet Domani, 1999). Her present book in progress is titled ''Secular Incarnations: Buddhist Tantra in Euro-American Thought''.Her recent publications include a translation of a Tantric commentary by the second Dalai Lama of Tibet, and an exploration of a Tibetan Buddhist ritual through the lens of cognitive aesthetics. ([https://www.bu.edu/core/people/laura-harrington/ Source Accessed Dec 4, 2023])-harrington/ Source Accessed Dec 4, 2023]))
Merzagora, S. + (Laureata in Lingue Orientali e con Dottora … Laureata in Lingue Orientali e con Dottorato in Indo-tibetologia, studia e pratica discipline orientali da oltre vent’anni. Si e’ formata come insegnante di Yoga Evolutivo presso l’Associazione Mandala ed e’ istruttore Mindfulness accreditata dal Center For Mindfulness in Medicine, Health Care and Society dell¹Università Medica del Massachussets. Ha collaborato con i carceri di Regina Coeli e Rebibbia per la creazione di progetti di yoga e meditazione per i detenuti. Lavora stabilmente presso l’Associazione Mandala dove conduce corsi di Yoga Evolutivo e meditazione. ([https://mandala.it/chi-siamo/lo-staff/ Source Accessed July 11, 2023])/lo-staff/ Source Accessed July 11, 2023]))
Pruden, L. + (Leo M. Pruden (March 1938 - October 1991) … Leo M. Pruden (March 1938 - October 1991) was an American scholar and translator. His major works include a translation into English of Louis de La Vallée Poussin's six-volume French translation of the Abhidharma-kosa. For this translation, Pruden consulted the Sanskrit source text, as well as contemporary Chinese and Japanese sources.Pruden studied at Tokyo University, in the Department of Indian and Buddhist Studies, from 1961 to 1964.He began teaching on the Abhidharma at Brown University (1970-1971), and subsequently at the Nyingma Institute (Berkeley, California), and at the University of Oriental Studies (Los Angeles).In 1973, Pruden and Venerable Dr. Thich Thien-An co-founded the American University of Oriental Studies in Los Angeles, California. This institution was later restructered as Buddha Dharma University. ([https://encyclopediaofbuddhism.org/wiki/Leo_M._Pruden Source: Encyclopedia of Buddhism online]) Source: Encyclopedia of Buddhism online]))
Bullen, L. + (Leonard A. Bullen was one of the pioneers … Leonard A. Bullen was one of the pioneers of the Buddhist movement in Australia. He was the first president of the Buddhist Society of Victoria when it was established in 1953 and one of the first office-bearers of the executive committee of the Buddhist Federation of Australia. He was also a coeditor of the Buddhist journal ''Metta''. He passed away in 1984 at the age of 76.His other publications issued by BPS are ''A Technique of Living'' (Wheel No. 226/230) and "Action and Reaction in Buddhist Teaching" in ''Kamma and Its Fruit'' (Wheel No. 221/224). (https://www.dhammawiki.com/index.php/Leonard_A._Bullen Source Accessed Mar 30, 2023])d_A._Bullen Source Accessed Mar 30, 2023]))
Kuijp, L. + (Leonard van der Kuijp is professor of Tibe … Leonard van der Kuijp is professor of Tibetan and Himalayan Studies and chairs the Committee on Inner Asian and Altaic Studies. Best known for his studies of Buddhist epistemology, he is the author of numerous works on Tibet and Tibetan Buddhism. Recent publications include An Early Tibetan Survey of Buddhist Literature (Vol. 64, Harvard Oriental Series, 2008), coauthored with Kurtis R. Schaeffer, and In Search of Dharma: Indian and Ceylonese Travelers in Fifteenth Century Tibet (Wisdom, 2009). Van der Kuijp’s research focuses primarily on the Indo-Tibetan Buddhist thought, Tibetan Buddhist intellectual history, Tibetan Buddhism, and premodern Sino-Tibetan and Tibeto-Mongol political and religious relations. He teaches three new courses this term, covering histories, the era of the 5th Dalai Lama, and the historical geography of the Tibetan cultural area. Van der Kuijp received his Master's degree at the University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon, Canada, and his doctorate at the University of Hamburg in Germany. He joined the faculty at Harvard in 1995. He is the former chair of the Department of Sanskrit and Indian Studies (now the Department of South Asian Studies). In 1993 van der Kuijp received the MacArthur Fellowship for "pioneering contributions to the study of Tibetan epistemology, biography and poetry." Van der Kuijp worked with the Nepal Research Center of the Humboldt University of Berlin and the University of Washington in Seattle. In 1999, he founded the Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center (TBRC), together with E. Gene Smith. ([https://ealc.fas.harvard.edu/people/leonard-van-der-kuijp Source Accessed Jan 14, 2019])n-der-kuijp Source Accessed Jan 14, 2019]))
Lancaster, L. + (Lewis Lancaster (born 27 October 1932) is … Lewis Lancaster (born 27 October 1932) is Emeritus Professor of the Department of East Asian Languages at the University of California, Berkeley, USA, and has served as President, Adjunct Professor, and Chair of the dissertation committee at University of the West since 1992. He graduated from Roanoke College (B.A.) in 1954 and received an Honorary Doctorate of Letters from Roanoke in 2007. He is also a 1958 graduate of USC-ST (M.Th.) and a 1968 graduate of the University of Wisconsin (Ph.D.). He received an Honorary Doctorate of Buddhist Studies from Vietnam Buddhist University in 2011.Professor Lancaster has published over 55 articles and reviews and has edited or authored numerous books including ''Prajñāpāramitā and Related Systems'', ''The Korean Buddhist Canon'', ''Buddhist Scriptures'', ''Early Ch’an in China and Tibet'', and ''Assimilation of Buddhism in Korea''. He also founded the Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative to use the computer-based technology to map the spread of Buddhism from the remote past to the present. In 2008 he gave the Burke Lectureship on Religion & Society. Professor Lancaster is the research advisor for the Buddha's Birthday Education Project. He was the Chair of Buddhist Studies at UC, Berkeley, USA and Editor of the Berkeley Buddhist Studies Series. . . .Professor Lancaster was a key figure in the creation of descriptive catalogue and digitization of the Korean Buddhist Canon. He was awarded the 2014 Grand Award from the Korean Buddhist Order for his contribution to Buddhism. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Lancaster Source Accessed March 23, 2020])wis_Lancaster Source Accessed March 23, 2020]))
Covill, L. + (Linda Covill received her PhD from the University of Oxford and is the author of ''Handsome Nanda'', a translation and a study of Asvaghosa's Saundarananda.)
Patrik, L. + (Linda E. Patrik, Professor of Philosophy a … Linda E. Patrik, Professor of Philosophy at Union College, works on bridges between Asian philosophy and western philosophy, particularly with regard to ethical issues and philosophical issues concerning the nature of consciousness. She has studied and taught with Tibetan Buddhist philosophers at the Nitartha Institute, and she is part of a Tibetan text preservation effort based at Nitartha International's Document Input Center in Kathmandu. ([http://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/1/1/bios.html Source Accessed Oct 9, 2022])/1/bios.html Source Accessed Oct 9, 2022]))
Zhen, L. + (Liu Zhen studied Indology, Tibetology and … Liu Zhen studied Indology, Tibetology and Sinology at Universität-München, Germany from 2001-2008. In 2001 he received his MA with a thesis on The Maitreyavyākarana – A Comparison of the Different Versions with a Translation of the Sanskrit Text. In 2008 he received his Ph.D. with a dissertation on Meditation and Asceticism – A New Sanskrit Source for the Buddha Legend. He is currently a professor in the National Institute for Advanced Humanistic Studies, and Director of the Center for Gandhian and Indian Studies, at Fudan University. His research specialties are Veda and Vedic literature, comparisons between Chinese and Indian literature, Indian Mahā- and Hīna-yāna Buddhism, comparisons of Indian, Tibetan and Chinese Buddhist documents, Sanskrit manuscripts and Indian and Central Asian art. ([https://www.harvard-yenching.org/person/liu-zhen/ Source Accessed June 8, 2023])n/liu-zhen/ Source Accessed June 8, 2023]))
Samdhong Rinpoche, 5th + (Lobsang Tenzin, better known by the titles … Lobsang Tenzin, better known by the titles Professor Venerable Samdhong Rinpoche (zam gdong rin po che) and to Tibetans as the 5th Samdhong Rinpoche (born 5 November 1939), was the previous prime minister (officially Kalon Tripa, or chairman of the cabinet), of the Central Tibetan Administration, or Tibetan government-in-exile, which is based in Dharamshala, India; Lobsang Sangay was elected to this position in April 2011.A close associate of 14th Dalai Lama, the Tibetan leader, he was elected to his current position in 2001.Lobsang Tenzin was born in Jol, in eastern Tibet. At the age of five, he was recognised, according to Tibetan tradition, as the reincarnation of the 4th Samdhong Rinpoche and enthroned in Gaden Dechenling Monastery at Jol. Two years later he took vows as a monk, started his religious training at Drepung Monastery in Lhasa and completed it at the Madhyamika School of Buddhism. But in 1950, after the Chinese invasion of Tibet,[citation needed] he was forced to go into exile in India along with the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso.From 1960 onwards Lobsang Tenzin worked as a teacher in Tibetan religious schools in India, first in Simla and later in Darjeeling. Between 1965 and 1970 he was the Principal of Dalhousie Tibetan School and between 1971 and 1988 he was the Principal of Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies (CIHTS) at Varanasi (Benares), and from 1988 to 2001 he was the director. He is regarded as one of the leading Tibetan scholars of Buddhism and is also an authority on the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi. He is fluent in Hindi and English, Tibetan being his mother tongue.In 1991 Lobsang Tenzin was appointed by the Dalai Lama as a member of the Assembly of Tibetan People's Deputies, and later was unanimously elected as its chairman. Between 1996 and 2001 he was an elected member of the Assembly representing exiled Tibetans from Kham province and also its chairman.In 2000 the Dalai Lama decided that the Tibetan people in exile should elect their own Prime Minister, and in July 2001 Lobsang Tenzin was elected with about 29,000 votes, or about 84% of those cast, which is about 25% of the exile Tibetan population. Juchen Thubten Namgyal, the other candidate, won the remainder.[1] Since 2001 he has travelled extensively to gain support for the cause of Tibetan autonomy and raise awareness of the Dalai Lama's proposals for negotiating autonomy with the Chinese government.( [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobsang_Tenzin Source Accessed May 29, 2015] )ang_Tenzin Source Accessed May 29, 2015] ))
Renou, L. + (Louis Renou (French: [ʁənu]; 26 October 18 … Louis Renou (French: [ʁənu]; 26 October 1896 – 18 August 1966) was the pre-eminent French Indologist of the twentieth century.After passing the agrégation examination in 1920, Louis Renou taught for a year at the lycée in Rouen. He then took a sabbatical, read the works of Sanskrit scholars and attended the classes of Antoine Meillet. Henceforth he opted exclusively for the study of Sanskrit. He attended the lectures of Jules Bloch at the École des hautes études. The work he did at this time gave rise to Les maîtres de la philologie védique (1928). His doctoral thesis, submitted in 1925, was La valeur du parfait dans les hymnes védiques. After a short time at the Faculté de lettres in Lyon, he moved to L'École des hautes études and then to the Sorbonne where he succeeded Alfred A. Foucher. In 1946 he was elected to the Académie des Inscriptions.In the following years he undertook three journeys: India in 1948-1949, Yale University in 1953, and Tokyo in 1954-1956 where he was director of the Maison franco-japonaise. He hardly travelled after this.He had settled on his line of study early on and never wrote about any subject other than India. He left to one side archaeology, political history and Buddhism and concentrated firmly on the tradition that, beginning with the Rig Veda, runs through all aspects of belief and practice right up to the present. For forty years he regularly published articles and books that were often voluminous, were based on original research, and are of considerable merit. The study of the Indian theory of grammar lies at the heart of his work. This can be seen in the Études védiques et paninéennes published between 1955 and 1966. The Études consist of more than two thousand pages of translation and commentary of Vedic hymns. The Études covered two thirds of the Rig Veda by the time of his death.He, in his 1953 lectures on the religions of India, observed that "the Jaina movement presents evidence that is of great interest both for the historical and comparative study of religion in ancient India and for the history of religion in general. Based on profoundly Indian elements, it is at the same time a highly original creation, containing very ancient material, more ancient than that of Buddhism, and your highly refined and elaborated."Louis Renou was director of the Institut de civilisation indienne and attended regularly meetings of the Académie and the Societé Asiatique. He died in 1966. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Renou Source Acessed Aug 29, 2023])/Louis_Renou Source Acessed Aug 29, 2023]))
La Vallée Poussin, L. + (Louis Étienne Joseph Marie de La Vallée Po … Louis Étienne Joseph Marie de La Vallée Poussin was born on 1. January, 1869 in Liège, where he received his early education. He studied at the University of Liege from 1884 to 1888, receiving his doctorate at the age of nineteen. He studied Sanskrit, Pali, and Avestan under Charles de Harlez and Philippe Colinet from 1888 to 1890 at the University of Leuven, receiving a docteur en langues orientales in July 1891. Moving to Paris, he began his studies at the Sorbonne that same year under Victor Henri and [[Lévi, S.|Sylvain Lévi]]. During this time (1891-1892), he also occupied the chair of Sanskrit at the University of Liege. He continued his study of Avestan and the Zoroastrian Gathas under Hendrik Kern at Leiden University, where he also took up the study of Chinese and Tibetan. In 1893, he attained a professorship at the University of Ghent teaching comparative grammar of Greek and Latin, a position which he held until his retirement in 1929. Louis de La Vallée Poussin died in Brussels on 18 February, 1938. ([https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=person&vid=92&entity=92 Source Accessed July 27, 2020])d=92&entity=92 Source Accessed July 27, 2020]))
Cunningham, A. + (Major General Sir Alexander Cunningham (Ja … Major General Sir Alexander Cunningham (January 1814 – 28 November 1893) was a British Army engineer with the Bengal Engineer Group who later took an interest in the history and archaeology of India. In 1861, he was appointed to the newly created position of archaeological surveyor to the government of India; and he founded and organised what later became the Archaeological Survey of India.He wrote numerous books and monographs and made extensive collections of artefacts. Some of his collections were lost, but most of the gold and silver coins and a fine group of Buddhist sculptures and jewelery were bought by the British Museum in 1894. He was also the father of mathematician Allan Cunningham. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Cunningham Source Accessed Aug 16, 2023])_Cunningham Source Accessed Aug 16, 2023]))
Eckel, M. + (Malcolm David Eckel is Professor of Religi … Malcolm David Eckel is Professor of Religion and Director of the Institute for Philosophy and Religion at Boston University. He received a B.A. from Harvard, a B.A. and M.A. from Oxford, and a Ph.D. in the Study of Religion from Harvard. His scholarly interests include the history of Buddhist philosophy in India and Tibet, the relationship between Buddhism and other Indian religions, the expansion and adaptation of Buddhism in Asia and the West, Buddhist narrative traditions and their relationship to Buddhist ethics, and the connection between philosophical theory and religious practice. His teaching at Boston University has been recognized by the Metcalf Award for Teaching Excellence (1998), and he has served as the Distinguished Teaching Professor of the Humanities (2002-5). He also has served as Assistant Dean and Director of the Core Curriculum (2007-13), an integrated program in the liberal arts for first- and second-year students in the College of Arts and Sciences.His publications include ''Bhāviveka and His Buddhist Opponents'' (Harvard); ''Buddhism: Origins, Beliefs, Practices, Holy Texts, Sacred Places'' (Oxford); ''To See the Buddha: A Philosopher’s Quest for the Meaning of Emptiness'' (Princeton); ''Jñānagarbha’s Commentary on the Distinction Between the Two Truths: An Eighth-Century Handbook of Madhyamaka Philosophy'' (State University of New York); and “Is There a Buddhist Philosophy of Nature?” in ''Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Buddhism and Ecology'' (Harvard Center for the Study of World Religions). He is the editor of two volumes of essays: ''India and The West: The Problem of Understanding'' (Harvard Center for the Study of World Religions) and ''Deliver Us from Evil'' (Continuum).Before joining the faculty at Boston University, he served as Associate Professor at Harvard Divinity School and as Administrative Director of the Harvard Center for the Study of World Religions. He recently returned to Harvard to serve on the Visiting Committee of Harvard Divinity School. In 2013, he was invited to deliver a series of lectures entitled “Modes of Recognition: Aspects of Theory in Mahayana Buddhist Narrative” as Visiting Professor in Buddhist Studies at the University of Sydney, Australia. ([https://www.bu.edu/religion/faculty/m-david-eckel/ Source Accessed July 14, 2023])vid-eckel/ Source Accessed July 14, 2023]))
Man+dA ra ba + (Mandarava was one of the five principal co … Mandarava was one of the five principal consorts of Guru Rinpoche, she was an emanation of Dhatvishvari and a princess of Zahor. After leaving the palace out of disgust for samsara, and joining a nunnery, she met Guru Rinpoche who gave her teachings. When the king found out, he cast her into a pit of thorns and tried to burn Guru Rinpoche alive. But through his magical powers, Guru Rinpoche transformed the pyre into a lake. When the king had repented his actions and granted them pardon, Mandarava accompanied Guru Rinpoche to the Maratika cave, where through their accomplishment of long-life practice, they saw the Buddha Amitabha face to face and attained the level of a vidyadhara with power over life. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Mandarava Rigpa Wiki])org/index.php?title=Mandarava Rigpa Wiki]))
Deroche, M. + (Marc-Henri Deroche is associate professor … Marc-Henri Deroche is associate professor at Kyōto University (GSAIS, Shishu-Kan), Japan, where he teaches Buddhist studies and cross-cultural philosophy. His doctoral dissertation (École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris, 2011) and a series of articles have investigated the life, works, and legacy of Tibetan author Prajñāraśmi (Tertön Sherab Öser, 1518-84) in the successive revivals of the Nyingma school and the nineteenth-century ecumenical (''rimé'') movement. He is also the coeditor of ''Revisiting Tibetan Religion and Philosophy'' (AMI, 2012). Recent research has focused on Dzokchen, including "The ''Dzogs chen'' Doctrine of the Three Gnoses" (with Akinori Yasuda, RET, No. 33, 2015) and a current project on its specific philosophy of vigilance. Having traveled extensively in Tibet and the Himalayas, and having lived in Kyōto since 2008, his work centers on the philosophical and transcultural significance of the Buddhist paradigm of the development of wisdom according to "listening, reflection, and meditation." (Source: ''A Gathering of Brilliant Moons'', 327–28)'A Gathering of Brilliant Moons'', 327–28))
Lalou, M. + (Marcelle Lalou (1890–1967) was a 20th-cent … Marcelle Lalou (1890–1967) was a 20th-century French Tibetologist. Her major contribution to Tibetology was the cataloging of the entire Pelliot collection of Old Tibetan manuscripts from Dunhuang at the Bibliothèque nationale de France. In addition to her cataloging work, she wrote articles on various aspects of Old Tibet, and she published a Tibetan textbook. Some of her most notable students include Rolf A. Stein and J. W. de Jong.Lalou was born August 23, 1890, at Meudon-Bellevue between Paris and Versailles. She was interested in art from an early age, and she painted and drew for pleasure her whole life. Her studies began in Art History, and many of her early publications are devoted to Art-historical themes.Lalou volunteered as a nurse in the first world war. She made her start in Buddhist Studies following the war, studying Sanskrit with Sylvain Lévi and Tibetan with Jacques Bacot. She finished her doctorate in 1927 at the École Pratique des Hautes Études, where she later taught from 1938 to 1963. She was the secretary and later manager for the Bibliographie Bouddhique, and she was the chief editor of Journal Asiatique from 1950 to 1966. For her work, Lalou was dubbed a Knight of the Légion d'honneur. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcelle_Lalou Source Accessed Aug 24, 2023])celle_Lalou Source Accessed Aug 24, 2023]))
Perman, M. + (Marcus Perman is the Executive Director of … Marcus Perman is the Executive Director of Tsadra Foundation, where he has worked for 14 years. He graduated from St. Lawrence University with honors in Psychology and Philosophy and graduated from Naropa University with an MA in Indo-Tibetan Buddhism focused on Tibetan and Sanskrit languages. From 2007-2008 Marcus studied at Tibet University in Lhasa, Tibet and Rumtek, Sikkim, India. His early interests lay primarily in philosophical interpretations of Tibetan Buddhism, but his current work focuses on online educational resources and digital resources for translators and scholars. With Tsadra Foundation, Marcus developed the Translation & Transmission Conference series and the Lotsawa Workshops and regularly hosts online events and other workshops. Other interests include comparative philosophy, writing, Vladimir Nabokov, and rock climbing.===Published Works===*Tricycle Magazine Review of ''Contemplating Reality: A Practitioner's Guide to the View in Indo-Tibetan Buddhism'' by Andy Karr. Tricycle Summer 2007. http://www.tricycle.com/reviews/balancing-act*"Appreciating all Sentient Beings." in Heart Advice. Dharamsala, India: Altruism Press, 2008.*Mind Only Tenet System. Translation of ''sems tsam pa'i grub mtha''' by Acharya Lama Tenpa Gyaltsen. Seattle: Nitartha Institute Publications, 2009.===Unpublished Works (completed)===M.A. Thesis: “Tshad Ma Literature: Towards a History of Tibetan Buddhist Epistemology” B.S. Honors project: “Neurofeedback: The effect of training attentional abilities in female college students” Advisor: Dr. Artur Poczwardowski.female college students” Advisor: Dr. Artur Poczwardowski.)
Loinaz, M. + (Margarita Loinaz is a community teacher at … Margarita Loinaz is a community teacher at the East Bay Meditation Center in Oakland and a visiting teacher at Spirit Rock. She began teaching in 1997 and co-organized the first People of Color Retreat at Spirit Rock in 1999. A student of both the Theravada and Tibetan traditions, her teaching integrates Dzogchen practice with social justice and environmental awareness. ([https://www.lionsroar.com/author/margarita-loinaz/ Source Accessed April 25, 2024])a-loinaz/ Source Accessed April 25, 2024]))
Silverstone, M. + (Marilyn Rita Silverstone (9 March 1929 – 2 … Marilyn Rita Silverstone (9 March 1929 – 28 September 1999) was an English photojournalist and ordained Buddhist nun.<h5>Youth:</h5>The eldest daughter of Murray and Dorothy Silverstone was born in London. Her father, the son of Polish immigrants to America, rose to become managing director, and president, international, respectively, of United Artists and 20th-Century Fox, working with Charlie Chaplin and other early film stars in London. The family returned to America just before the outbreak of the Second World War in Europe.Silverstone grew up in Scarsdale, New York. After graduating from Wellesley College, she became an associate editor for Art News, Industrial Design and Interiors in the early 1950s. She moved to Italy to make documentary art films.<h5>Photojournalist:</h5>Silverstone became a working photojournalist in 1955, traveling and capturing the range of images that her vision led her to find in Europe, Africa and the Middle East.In 1956, she travelled to India on assignment to photograph Ravi Shankar. She returned to the subcontinent in 1959; what was intended to be a short trip became the beginning of a fascination with India which lasted for the rest of her life.[5] Her photographs of the arrival in India of the Dalai Lama, who was escaping from the Chinese invasion of Tibet, made the lead in Life.In that period, she met and fell in love with the journalist Frank Moraes. Moraes was then editor of The Indian Express. The couple lived together in New Delhi until 1973, socializing with politicians, journalists and intellectuals, and diplomats. A number of Moraes' editorials had earned the ire of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and the situation deteriorated to the point that a retreat to London became the best course.Over the years, Silverstone's reputation as a photographer grew. In 1967, she joined Magnum Photos,[6] in which she was only one of five women members.[4] Silverstone's work for Magnum included photographing subjects ranging from Albert Schweitzer to the coronation of the Shah of Iran.At the time of Silverstone's death, preparation of an exhibition at the Scottish National Portrait Gallery featuring her work and that of other Magnum photographers was nearing completion. The University of St Andrews hosted a seminar in conjunction with this exhibition, and as Silverstone had just recently died, the seminar became an opportunity for her peers to celebrate her life and career.<h5>Buddhist nun:</h5>Silverstone's conversion to Buddhist nun was said to have begun when she was an teenager suffering from the mumps. She later explained that during this conventional childhood illness, she read Secret Tibet by Fosco Maraini and she said the book provided a key she long carried in her subconscious.In the late 1960s, Silverstone had worked on a photography assignment about a Tibetan Buddhist lama in Sikkim named Khanpo Rinpoche and, when the lama came to London for medical treatment in the 1970s, Rinpoche stayed with the couple. At this point, Silverstone decided to learn Tibetan in order to study Buddhism with him. After Moraes's death in 1974, Silverstone decided to join the entourage of another celebrated lama, Khentse Rinpoche, who left London for a remote monastery in Nepal.In 1977, she took vows as a Buddhist nun. Her Buddhist name was Bhikshuni Ngawang Chödrön,[9] or Ani Marilyn to her close friends. In her new life in Kathmandu, she researched the vanishing customs of Rajasthan and the Himalayan kingdoms.In 1999, Ngawang Chödrön returned to the United States for cancer treatment and she learned that she was terminally ill. She was clear that she wanted to die in Nepal, her home for the past 25 years. However, no airline would carry a passenger in her fragile condition. She resolved the impasse by persuading a doctor on vacation to accompany her on the return to Kathmandu. The journey was fraught with difficulties. She was barely conscious during the trip and a stopover was necessary in Vienna. She died in 1999 in a Buddhist monastery near Katmandu where she had worked to establish and maintain. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Silverstone Source Accessed July 25, 2023])ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Silverstone Source Accessed July 25, 2023]))
Dennis, M. + (Mark Dennis is Associate Professor of Reli … Mark Dennis is Associate Professor of Religion at Texas Christian University in Fort Worth Texas. He earned his Ph.D. in Buddhist Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 2006, focusing on early Japanese Buddhism. Before joining the Religion Department at TCU in 2007, he taught for four years at Gustavus Adolphus College in St. Peter, Minnesota. He has lived in Japan and India for eight years where he studied Buddhism and Hinduism, and has traveled widely in Asia. His research focuses on the reception history of Japanese Buddhist texts, looking particularly at notions of authorship, textuality, and canon. He has published a translation of the ''Shomangyo-gisho'', a Japanese Buddhist text written in classical Chinese and attributed to Japan’s Prince Shotoku (574–622 CE). He has also written articles looking at the reception of this text in various periods of Japanese history. One of these articles examines the different ways in which four medieval Japanese monks understood and used the text, while another considers modern representations of it in Japanese manga, or comic books. He has also coedited a volume of essays on Shusaku Endo's novel ''Silence'' that was published in 2014 by Bloomsbury-Continuum. ([https://www.rug.nl/research/centre-for-religious-studies/centre-religion-culture-asia/about/associate-fellows/textual Source Accessed Jun 6, 2019])lows/textual Source Accessed Jun 6, 2019]))
Rowe, M. + (Mark M. Rowe is associate professor of rel … Mark M. Rowe is associate professor of religious studies at McMaster University. He is the author of ''Bonds of the Dead: Temples, Burial, and the Transformation of Contemporary Japanese Buddhism''. ([https://uhpress.hawaii.edu/bookseries/contemporary-buddhism/ Source Accessed Nov 29, 2023])y-buddhism/ Source Accessed Nov 29, 2023]))
Brauen, M. + (Martin Brauen, Ph.D., is Lecturer and Head … Martin Brauen, Ph.D., is Lecturer and Head of the Department of Tibet, Himalaya, and Far East at the Ethnographic Museum of the University of Zurich, Switzerland. He studied Cultural and Social Anthropology, History of Religions, and Buddhism at Zurich and Delhi Universities. ([https://www.abebooks.com/Mandala-Sacred-Circle-Tibetan-Buddhism-Brauen/31252551924/bd Source Accessed Mar 7, 2023])252551924/bd Source Accessed Mar 7, 2023]))
Batchelor, M. + (Martine Batchelor was born in France in 19 … Martine Batchelor was born in France in 1953. She was ordained as a Buddhist nun in Korea in 1975. She studied Zen Buddhism under the guidance of the late Master Kusan at Songgwang Sa monastery until 1984. From 1981 she served as Kusan Sunim's interpreter and accompanied him on lecture tours throughout the United States and Europe. She translated his book 'The Way of Korean Zen'. Following Master Kusan’s death she returned her nun’s vows and left Korea. She returned to Europe with her husband, Stephen, in 1985. She has worked as a lecturer and spiritual counsellor both at Gaia House and elsewhere in Britain. She was also involved in interfaith dialogue and was a Trustee of the International Sacred Literature Trust until 2000. Her latest book is ‘The Spirit of the Buddha’. With her husband she co-leads meditation retreats worldwide. She now lives in France. She speaks French, English and Korean and can read Chinese characters. She has written various articles for magazines on the Korean way of tea, Buddhism and women, Buddhism and ecology, and Zen cooking. She is interested in meditation in daily life, Buddhism and social action, religion and women's issues, Zen and its history, factual and legendary. ([https://www.amazon.com/Buddhism-Ecology-Martine-Batchelor/dp/8120812468/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= Source Accessed Feb 22, 2023])F8&qid=&sr= Source Accessed Feb 22, 2023]))
Kapstein, M. + (Matthew T. Kapstein specializes in the his … Matthew T. Kapstein specializes in the history of Buddhist philosophy in India and Tibet, as well as in the cultural history of Tibetan Buddhism more generally. He regularly teaches Contemporary Theories in the Study of Religion in the History of Religions program, and Introduction to the Philosophies of India in Philosophy of Religions. His seminars in recent years have focused on particular topics in the history of Buddhist thought, such as Buddha Nature, idealism, and epistemology (''pramāṇa''), or on broad themes in the study of religion including the problem of evil, death, and the imagination. Kapstein has published over a dozen books and numerous articles, among the most recent of which are a general introduction to Tibetan cultural history, ''The Tibetans'' (Oxford 2006), an edited volume on Sino-Tibetan religious relations, ''Buddhism Between Tibet and China'' (Boston 2009), and a translation of an eleventh-century philosophical allegory in the acclaimed Clay Sanskrit Series, ''The Rise of Wisdom Moon'' (New York 2009). With Kurtis Schaeffer (University of Virginia) and Gray Tuttle (Columbia), he has completed ''Sources of Tibetan Traditions'', published in the Columbia University Press Sources of Asian Traditions series in 2013. Kapstein is additionally Professor Emeritus of Tibetan Studies at the École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris. In 2018 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. ([https://divinity.uchicago.edu/directory/matthew-kapstein Source Accessed Sep 17, 2019])ew-kapstein Source Accessed Sep 17, 2019]))
Hsiao, M. + (Mei Hsiao received her PhD in Religious Studies from the University of Calgary in 2008. She is an Assistant Professor at China Medical University Center for General Education in Taiwan. She specializes in Mahāyāna Buddhism and Chinese Philosophy.)
Sprung, M. + (Mervyn Sprung, Professor Emeritus at Brock … Mervyn Sprung, Professor Emeritus at Brock University and a former Hooker Visiting Professor at McMaster University, is the author of four previous books on eastern and comparative philosophy, including ''Lucid Exposition of the Middle Way: A Translation of the Prasannapada'' (Routledge & Kegan Paul). ([https://bookshop.org/p/books/the-magic-of-unknowing-an-east-west-soliloquy-mervyn-sprung/9552511 Source Accessed Nov 20, 2023])-sprung/9552511 Source Accessed Nov 20, 2023]))
Aris, M. + (Michael Vaillancourt Aris (27 March 1946 – … Michael Vaillancourt Aris (27 March 1946 – 27 March 1999) was a Cuban-born English historian who wrote and lectured on Bhutanese, Tibetan and Himalayan culture and history. He was the husband of Aung San Suu Kyi, who would later become State Counsellor of Myanmar. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Aris Source Accessed Feb 13, 2013])== Other Information ==*[http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-michael-aris-1083767.html Michael Aris' Obituary at Independent.co.uk]*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Aris Wikipedia Article on Michael Aris]el_Aris Wikipedia Article on Michael Aris])
Cross, C. + (Mike Chodo Cross was born in Birmingham in … Mike Chodo Cross was born in Birmingham in 1959, and graduated from Sheffield University. With Gudo Nishijima, he is the co-translator into English of Master Dogen’s ''Shobogenzo'' in four volumes. He now divides his time between England and France. Together with his wife Chie, who is also an Alexander Technique teacher and Zen practitioner, he runs the Middle Way Re-education Centre in Aylesbury, England. At a small country retreat on the edge of La Foret Des Andaines in northern France, he indulges selfishly in sitting-Zen, amid sounds of a valley stream and abundant singing of birds. ([http://www.zen-occidental.net/enseignements/cross1.html Source Accessed July 13, 2023])ross1.html Source Accessed July 13, 2023]))
Shaw, M. + (Miranda Shaw is Associate Professor of Rel … Miranda Shaw is Associate Professor of Religion at the University of Richmond. Shaw's first book, ''Passionate Enlightenment'', won both the 1994 James Henry Breasted Prize of the American Historical Association and the 1994 Tricycle Prize for Excellence in Buddhist Scholarship. Years of research haveresulted in the recent ''Buddhist Goddesses of India'' and the forthcoming ''Buddhist Goddesses of Tibet and Nepal'', both from Princeton University Press. (Source: ''As Long as Space Endures'', 478)Source: ''As Long as Space Endures'', 478))
Strinu, M. + (Monica Strinu finished her diploma thesis … Monica Strinu finished her diploma thesis on depictions of deities from the founding phase of Tabo in the context of cultural history at the University of Vienna in 2013. Since 2007 she has worked as an archive assistant and graphic designer at the Western Himalaya Archive Vienna, part of the national research network "The Cultural History of the Western Himalaya from the 8th Century" and the "Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Documentation of Inner and South Asian Cultural History" at the Institute for Art History at the University of Vienna. Her research interests include Western Himalayan art from the 10th to 13th centuries and digital art history. ([https://brill.com/display/book/9789004307438/B9789004307438_001.xml Source Accessed Aug 1, 2023])7438_001.xml Source Accessed Aug 1, 2023]))
Bryant, B. + (Mr. Bryant was a painter and musician stro … Mr. Bryant was a painter and musician strongly influenced by Tibetan Buddhism. In 1973 he founded the Samaya Foundation in Manhattan, a nonprofit organization dedicated to spreading Tibetan culture in the United States. (Samaya is the Sanskrit word for vow or commitment.)In the spring of 1988, the foundation brought Tibetan monks to New York City from the Namgyal monastery in India to create the Wheel of Time sand mandala at the American Museum of Natural History. The mandala -- a large, colorful, circular meditational image of intricate design -- was made entirely of sand painstakingly poured from small funnels. It took over two weeks to complete; it was then ritually destroyed, its contents carried in procession to the banks of the Hudson and scattered on the water.The mandala was recreated in other cities in the United States and Europe thereafter. In 1993, Mr. Bryant published a book, ''The Wheel of Time Sand Mandala: Visual Scripture of Tibetan Buddhism,'' to which the Dalai Lama contributed a foreword. ([https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/25/arts/barry-bryant-56-a-proponent-of-the-tibetan-buddhist-culture.html Source Accessed Mar 22, 2023])ulture.html Source Accessed Mar 22, 2023]))
Wilkinson, Constance + (Ms Wilkinson is a writer whose plays have … Ms Wilkinson is a writer whose plays have been seen in New York, Nepal, Kenya and South Africa; she co-founded Kuku Ryku Theater Lab with Sally Jones, and with Susan Weiser-Finley created pieces in the lineage of Grotowski performed in New York and at universities and experimental theaters festivals in the United States and Europe. For KRTL, acclaimed director/actor William Finley (Dionysus in '69, Phantom of the Opera) directed Wilkinson's best-known play, the dark comedy “Sacco and Vanzetti Meet Julius and Ethel Rosenberg! (or, Patrick Henry in Hell).”Wilkinson moved from Manhattan to Kathmandu, Nepal where she taught English as a second language, studied Nepali and Tibetan at Tribhuvan University and continued to act, direct, and write plays, this time for an audience largely composed of Kathmandu’s large international expat community.After a decade in Nepal, she returned to the US and became a licensed psychotherapist specializing in treating post-traumatic stress disorder, while continuing to write plays (and to direct and act on occasion). ([https://www.linkedin.com/in/constance-wilkinson-mfa-lmhc-288a089/ Source Accessed Sep 30, 2022])hc-288a089/ Source Accessed Sep 30, 2022]))
Ichien, M. + (Mujū lchien. (無住一円) (1227-1312). A Japanes … Mujū lchien. (無住一円) (1227-1312). A Japanese monk during the Kamakura period; also known as Mujū Dōgyō. He was born into a warrior family and became a monk at the age of eighteen. Mujū studied the doctrines of various sects, including the Hossōshū, Shingonshū, Tendaishū, and Jōdoshū, and received Zen training from the Rinzaishū monk Enni Ben'en (1202-1280). In 1262, Mujū built Chōboji (Matriarchal Longevity Monastery) in Owari (present-day Nagoya, a port city in the center of the main Japanese island of Honshū), where he spent the rest of his life. Although affiliated with the Rinzaishū, Mujū took an ecumenical approach to Buddhism, arguing that all the different teachings of Buddhism were skillful means of conveying the religion's ultimate goal; he even denounced Nichiren (1222-1382) for his contemporary's exclusivist attitude toward his own eponymous sect. Mujū was also famous for his collections of Japanese folklore, such as the ''Shasekishū'' ("Sand and Pebbles Collection"), written between 1279 and 1283; his ''Tsuma kagami'' ("Mirror for Wives") of 1300; and his 1305 ''Zōdanshū'' ("Collection of Random Conversations"). In particular, in the ''Shasekishū'', Mujū introduced the idea of the "unity of spirits and buddhas" (shinbutsu shūgō) , describing the Japanese indigenous gods, or Kami, as various manifestations of the Buddha. (Source: "Mujū lchien." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 552. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Lee, S. + (My research areas include East Asian Buddh … My research areas include East Asian Buddhism with particular focus on Yogācāra Buddhism, Buddhist philosophy of religion, Buddhist ethics, and Buddhist hermeneutics. My research interests focus on the relationship between Yogācāra and ''tathāgatagarbha'' thought and its soteriological implications, the exegetical interpretations in East Asian Yogācāra tradition, and the intersections between East Asian Yogācāra and Indo-Tibetan Buddhism. In recent years, my research has been focused on the ''Awakening of Faith'', the seminal treatise in East Asian Buddhist tradition, which is well known for its synthesis of Yogācāra and ''tathāgatagarbha'' ideas. ([https://dongguk.academia.edu/SumiLee/CurriculumVitae Source Accessed July 27, 2020])culumVitae Source Accessed July 27, 2020]))
Caine-Barrett, M. + (Myokei Caine-Barrett, Shonin, stands as a … Myokei Caine-Barrett, Shonin, stands as a beacon of pioneering spirit, being the first American woman and the first of African Japanese descent to attain full ordination as a Nichiren priest. She holds the esteemed position of bishop for the Nichiren Shu Buddhist Order of North America, the first woman and westerner to do so. Her guidance emanates from Houston, where she leads as the principal teacher of Myoken-ji Temple. She is among the few westerners, specifically one of three, to undertake and complete the rigorous Aragyo [ascetic practice] at Saijo Inari in Okayama, Japan.Passionate about bringing Buddhism beyond temple walls, Myokei Shonin actively supports three prison sanghas within the Texas Department of Criminal Justice system. Her interfaith endeavors have seen her as a Fellow with Interfaith America, championing dialogue between Buddhists and Muslims in incarceration. Her roles extend to being a board member of Lion’s Roar Magazine and Dharma Relief 2: Healing Racial Trauma.She's actively engaged in programs such as Healing Warrior Hearts, Texas for Heroes, The Gathering, and the International Western Dharma Teachers Gathering. Beyond these, her contributions span across various socio-religious platforms, underlining her commitment to spreading compassionate teachings. As a writer, her voice echoes through publications in Lion’s Roar and Tricycle magazines, and she has made notable contributions to The Hidden Lamp: Stories from Twenty-Five Centuries of Awakened Women. ([https://www.sfzc.org/teachers/myokei-caine-barrett Source Accessed April 25, 2024])e-barrett Source Accessed April 25, 2024]))
Jinpa, Gelek + (NAGRU GESHE GELEK JINPA was born in Kham, … NAGRU GESHE GELEK JINPA was born in Kham, East Tibet in 1967. He grew up in a nomad family, spending his childhood much as any young Tibetan would, tending the animals and working on the farm. Geshe Gelek also attended a local school, where he learnt to read and write. In 1986 H. E. Yongdzin Tenzin Namdak Rinpoche visited East Tibet, and it was then that Geshe Gelek made up his mind to take vows from him and become a monk; he was nineteen at the time.As a novice, he began his monastic studies in Thongdrol Ritröd Monastery, starting with the Preliminary practices, and going on to receive teachings on Dzogchen as well as many other aspects of the Bön tradition. He later stayed in Tsedrug Gompa for a year and studied philosophy with the renowned scholar Lopon Drangsong Yungdrung in Lungkar Gompa for two years. Geshe Gelek completed several personal retreats, including a 49 day dark retreat and a 100 day Tummo retreat. He also practised Trekchö and Thögal. In 1988 he began studying Bön philosophy, alongside Tantra and Dzogchen. Having begun studying Bön philosophy in 1988, Geshe Gelek decided to continue his studies with the great Bön masters in exile in India and Nepal. In 1992 he managed to travel from Tibet toNepal where he spent some time with Yongdzin Lopön Tenzin Namdak Rinpoche before transferring to the new Menri monastery in Dolanji, India, where he continued his studies under the guidance of Menri Tridzin Lungtok Tenpi Nyima Rinpoche.In 1994 Geshe Gelek returned to Nepal to the newly-established Triten Norbutse Monastery where he was able to receive many extremely important Dzogchen teachings from Yongdzin Lopon Tenzin Namdak Rinpoche. It was during this time that Geshe Gelek began researching and writing his own books, including a treatise on Bön Vinaya, the History of Zhang Zhung (currently being translated into English by Prof. Charles Ramble), and the Bön Kanjyur (canon). The latter was published in Nepal in 2001. From 1999-2000 Geshe Gelek collaborated with Prof. Nagano of the National Museum of Ethnology Osaka, Japan and Prof. Samten G. Karmay of INRS on a major project to catalogue the Bön canon. Geshe Gelek received his Geshe degree from Triten Norbutse in 2001; his class was the first to graduate in Nepal for many centuries, and the final exam were held in the presence of H. H. Lungtok Tenpi Nyima Rinpoche, H.E. Yongdzin Lopon Tenzin Namdak Rinpoche and Khenpo Tenpa Yungdrung. Like the others in his class, Geshe Gelek received his degree certificate from a representative of H. H. the Dalai Lama. Later that year Geshe Gelek was invited to France by the Kalpa Group to participate in a scientific study of Tummo for Harvard University, USA. Together with two other Bönpo monks, he completed a full 100 day retreat during which he was monitored regularly by physicians and scientists to establish the physical effects of this practice of inner heat. It was during that time that Geshe Gelek struck up what was to become a lasting friendship with Dr. Charles Ramble, then head of Tibetan and Himalayan Studies at Oxford University, UK (now professor at École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris).In 2003-2005 Geshe Gelek collaborated with Dr. Ramble and the Kalpa Group on research into the history and culture of Zhang Zhung, and this led to a fieldtrip in the Mount Kailash region which culminated in the production of a documentary film In Search of Zhang Zhung (featured om this site) and a book The Sacred Landscape and Pilgrimage in Tibet; In Search of the Lost Kingdom of Bön, Abbeville Press, New York, London, 2005. Further research followed in 2008 when the newly-formed Bönpo Mahasangha of Nepal, headed by Khenpo Tenpa Yungdrung, asked him to undertake a survey of Bön peoples, temples and customs in various regions of Nepal. This led to the production of a documentary film Secrets of Mustang: Treasure of Bön (featured on this website) and a book, BÖN IN NEPAL: Traces of the Great Zhang Zhung Ancestors - The Light of the History of Existence (forthcoming).In 2003/4 Geshe Gelek studied English in Oxford and in 2008 he was invited to participate at Hope University's Big Hope conference in Liverpool, UK. He has made invaluable contributions to several recent publications, such as Masters of the Zhang Zhung Nyengyud, Heart Essence of the Khandro: Experiential Inistructions on Bönpo Dzogchen - Thirty signs and Meanings from Women Lineage-Holders and other yet unpublished texts.Since the establishment of Shenten Dargye Ling, Yongdzin Lopön Tenzin Namdak Rinpoche's international centre in France, in 2005, Geshe Gelek has spend many months based in Europe; he travels regularly to teach a growing number of students throughout Europe, as well as in the US. His lively, energetic teaching style and easy-going, compassionate nature are much appreciated by his Western students.In 2013 he was inaugurated as Khenpo (Abbott) of Shenten Dargye Ling at a ceremony held in Triten Norbutse Monastery, Kathmandu.Source: [http://www.yungdrungbon.co.uk/GesheGelekJinpa.html]w.yungdrungbon.co.uk/GesheGelekJinpa.html])
Bhushan, N. + (Nalini Bhushan's research addresses questi … Nalini Bhushan's research addresses questions in the philosophy of mind and language, aesthetics, the philosophy of science, and 19th- and 20th-century Indian philosophy.Bhushan is co-editor of Of Minds and Molecules: New Essays in the Philosophy of Chemistry (Oxford University Press, 2000) and author of several articles in that field. She has also published articles in aesthetics and the philosophy of mind and language.Bhushan is currently at work on several projects, including a recently completed book on the history of Indian philosophy in the 19th and 20th century (Minds Without Fear: Philosophy in the Indian Renaissance, Oxford University Press, 2017); several essays on topics such as conceptions of suffering and evil in Colonial India; reworkings of scientific concepts, such as causality in Indian modernity; philosophical ideas in the work of American modernist novelist Willa Cather; and the work of modern Indian artist Amrita Sher-Gil.She teaches courses on Nietzsche, aesthetics, the philosophy of language, mind and science, cosmopolitanism and Indian philosophy. In addition to being a faculty member of the philosophy department, she is a member of the South Asia Concentration at Smith. ([https://www.smith.edu/academics/faculty/nalini-bhushan Source Accessed Feb 13, 2023])ini-bhushan Source Accessed Feb 13, 2023]))
Norbu, Namkhai + (Namkhai Norbu (Tibetan: ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ནམ་མཁའི་ན … Namkhai Norbu (Tibetan: ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ནམ་མཁའི་ནོར་བུ་; Wylie: nam mkha’I nor bu, 8 December 1938 – 27 September 2018) was a Tibetan Buddhist master of Dzogchen and a professor of Tibetan and Mongolian language and literature at Naples Eastern University. He was a leading authority on Tibetan culture, particularly in the fields of history, literature, traditional religions (Tibetan Buddhism and Bon), and Traditional Tibetan medicine, having written numerous books and scholarly articles on these subjects.When he was two years old, Namkhai Norbu was recognized as the 'mindstream emanation', a tulku, of the Dzogchen teacher Adzom Drugpa (1842–1924). At five, he was also recognized as a mindstream emanation of an emanation of Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyel (1594–1651). At the age of sixteen, he met master Rigdzin Changchub Dorje (1863–1963), who became his main Dzogchen teacher.In 1960, he went to Italy at the invitation of Giuseppe Tucci and served as Professor of Tibetan and Mongolian Language and Literature from 1964 to 1992 at Naples Eastern University. In 1983, he hosted the first International Convention on Tibetan Medicine, held in Venice, Italy.In 1976, Namkhai Norbu began to give Dzogchen instruction in the West, first in Italy, then in numerous other countries. He became a respected spiritual authority among many practitioners, and created centers for the study of Dzogchen worldwide. Namkhai Norbu taught Dzogchen for more than fifty years and was considered by the Tibetan government in exile as "the foremost living Dzogchen" teacher at the time of his death, in 2018. Norbu founded the Dzogchen Community, which today has centers around the world, including in the US, Mexico, Australia, Russia, and China. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namkhai_Norbu Source Accessed Mar 17, 2022])mkhai_Norbu Source Accessed Mar 17, 2022]))
Lethcoe, N. + (Nancy Jane Ramey (born June 29, 1940), lat … Nancy Jane Ramey (born June 29, 1940), later known by her married name Nancy Lethcoe, is an American former competition swimmer, 1956 Olympic medalist, and former world record-holder in two events. After the Olympics, Ramey earned her doctorate and became a college instructor, environmental activist and political candidate. She and her husband Jim Lethcoe founded Prince William Sound Books. She authored books about Prince William Sound: ''Valdez Gold Rush Trails of 1898-99'', ''History of Prince William Sound'', 'Cruising Guide to Prince William Sound'', and ''Habitats of Change''.Ramey was born in Seattle and grew up on Mercer Island, Washington. At time of the 1956 Olympics, she was a student at Mercer Island High School.As a 16-year-old, Ramey represented the United States at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia, where she won a silver medal in the 100 meter butterfly event. In 1958 she set two world records in the 100 m and one in the 200 m butterfly; the same year she won five American and one Canadian national title. In 1959 she won a silver medal in the 100 m butterfly at the Pan American Games.Later Ramey graduated from the University of Washington and earned M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Wisconsin. In the 1970s she worked as an assistant professor of religious studies at Stanford University. After that she organized Alaskan wilderness safaris, together with her husband Jim Lethcoe. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Ramey Source Accessed July 24, 2023])ancy_Ramey Source Accessed July 24, 2023]))
Nanyue Huisi + (Nanyue Huisi. (J. Nangaku Eshi; K. Namak H … Nanyue Huisi. (J. Nangaku Eshi; K. Namak Hyesa 南嶽慧思) (515-577). Chinese monk in the Tiantai school and teacher of Tiantai Zhiyi (538-597); also known as Great Master Nanyue and Great Master Si. Huisi was a native of Yuzhou in present-day Anhui province. According to his biography in the Liang-era Gaoseng zhuan, Huisi was obsessed with the prospect of death in his youth and assiduously pursued a means of attaining immortality. Studying with his teacher Huiwen (d.u.), about whom next to nothing is known, Huisi is said to have learned a meditative technique based on Nāgārjuna's premise of the identity of emptiness, provisionality, and their mean (see sandi), which he later taught to his own students. Monks who disagreed with his teachings tried to poison him, so Huisi left northern China for the south, but his popularity there prompted jealous monks to brand him a spy. This charge was rejected by the Chen-dynasty emperor, and Huisi continued to teach in the south, where he attracted many students, including the renowned Tiantai Zhiyi. Huisi's meditative teachings on the suiziyi sanmei ("cultivating samādhi wherever mind is directed," or "the samādhi of freely flowing thoughts") were recorded in Zhiyi's ''Mohe Zhiguan''. In this type of meditation, the adept is taught to use any and all experiences, whether mental or physical, whether wholesome or unwholesome, as grist for the mill of cultivating samādhi. Huisi is credited with the compilation of several treatises, such as the ''Dasheng zhiguan'', ''Cidi chanyao'', ''Fahua jing anle xingyi'', and others. (Source: "Nanyue Huisi." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 573. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Rich, N. + (Nathaniel Rich earned his Ph.D. at UCSB with an academic focus on the intellectual and institutional history of the Nyingma tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. He is currently an editor for 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha.)
Donner, N. + (Neal Donner received his Ph.D. in Buddhist … Neal Donner received his Ph.D. in Buddhist Studies in 1976 from the University of British Columbia for an annotated translation of the first chapter of Chih-i’s ''Mo-ho chih-kuan''. His translation (with Shotaro Iida)of Yensho Kanakura’s ''Indo tetsugaku-shi'' has been published as ''Hindu-Buddhist Thought in India''. (''Sudden and Gradual'', contributors, 458)''Sudden and Gradual'', contributors, 458))
Lambert, N. + (Neal Elwood Lambert (born 1934) is an emer … Neal Elwood Lambert (born 1934) is an emeritus professor of English and American Studies at Brigham Young University (BYU). His most notable work was ''A Believing People: Literature of Latter-day Saints'' an anthology co-edited with Richard Cracroft.Neal Lambert was born in Fillmore, Utah to Elwood Delyle Lambert and his wife the former Libbie Utley.Lambert earned a bachelor's degree and a Ph.D., the later in American Studies, both from the University of Utah. His doctoral dissertation was on the western writing of Owen Wister.Lambert began his career as a professor at what is now Weber State University. He joined the BYU faculty in 1966.For a time Lambert served as the chair of the BYU Faculty Advisory Council, which fulfills some of the roles faculty senates serve at other universities. He also in the early 1970s served as the faculty advisor to the BYU bookstore, working to increase the purchasing of scholarly works by the bookstore and the use of the bookstore by the faculty.Lambert also served as the chair of BYU's American Studies Program, chair of the BYU English Department (1991-1994) and Associate Academic Vice President for graduate studies and research from 1982-1985. From 1987 until 1990 Lambert was president of the North Carolina Raleigh Mission of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.In 1991 Lambert became department chair of the BYU English Department. During his tenure BYU faced debates over the extent of dissent allowed by faculty from LDS teachings, many of white focused on members of the English Department. Lambert was succeeded as department chair by C. Jay Fox in 1995. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neal_E._Lambert Source Accessed July 26, 2023])E._Lambert Source Accessed July 26, 2023]))
Willock, N. + (Nicole Willock is an assistant professor o … Nicole Willock is an assistant professor of Asian religions at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia. She is currently a 2017 Research Fellow through the Robert H. N. Ho Family Foundation Program in Buddhist studies for her book project, ''Lineages of the Literary: Tibetan Buddhist Scholars Making Modern China''. This project analyzes the writings of three Tibetan Buddhist intellectuals (Tseten Zhabdrung, Dungkar Rinpoche, and MugeSamten) through the lens of postcolonial and poststructuralist theories to challenge normative assumptions on religious subjects, state-driven secularization, and moral agency in China. Her publications include "The Revivalof the Tulku Institution in Modern China: Narratives and Practices" (''Revue d'Etudes Tibetaines'', 2017) and "Dorje Tarchin, the Melong, and the Tibet Mirror Press: Negotiating Discourse on the Religious and the Secular in Tibet" (''Himalaya Journal'', 2016). Since 2011, she has served as a Tibet and Himalaya Panel Steering Committee member for the American Academy of Religion (AAR) and as an Academic Advisory Board member for the Treasury of Lives: Biographical Encyclopedia digital project. (Source: ''A Gathering of Brilliant Moons'', 331): ''A Gathering of Brilliant Moons'', 331))
Nieh Tao-chen + (Nieh, Tao-chen, a Buddhist layman, born du … Nieh, Tao-chen, a Buddhist layman, born during the West Jin dynasty, was one of the important sutra translators in the early time. He worked as a note taker and editor of Zu, Fa-fu for several years. After Zu Fa-fu passed away, Nieh, Tao-chen translated total sixty-four sutras and a Buddhist catalogue by himself. However, there are very few relevant academic papers dealing with Nieh, Tao-chen and his translations nowadays. This paper focuses on Nieh, Tao-chen's six existent translated sutras collected by Taisho to determine the real translator, then to explore the contrast among them, compare the beginning structure of each sutra, and check the transliteration in order to figure out the change of Nieh, Tao-chen's translation style, his contributions to the development of the sutra translation and the influence on the establishment of Buddhist Schools later in Chinese Buddhism. ([https://buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw/search/search_detail.jsp?seq=396602&comefrom=authorinfo Source Accessed Aug 13, 2023])from=authorinfo Source Accessed Aug 13, 2023]))
Berdyaev, N. + (Nikolai Alexandrovich Berdyaev (/bərˈdjɑːj … Nikolai Alexandrovich Berdyaev (/bərˈdjɑːjɛf, -jɛv/; Russian: Никола́й Алекса́ндрович Бердя́ев; 18 March [O.S. 6 March] 1874 – 24 March 1948) was a Russian philosopher, theologian, and Christian existentialist who emphasized the existential spiritual significance of human freedom and the human person. Alternative historical spellings of his surname in English include "Berdiaev" and "Berdiaeff", and of his given name "Nicolas" and "Nicholas". Russian paleontologist and Christian apologist Alexander V. Khramov (Borissiak Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ph.D. from Moscow University) attributes his ideas about an atemporal human fall to Berdyaev and Evgenii Nikolaevitch Troubetzkoy. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Berdyaev Source Accessed June 1, 2023])ai_Berdyaev Source Accessed June 1, 2023]))
McClelland, N. + (Norman C. McClelland is a retired teacher, … Norman C. McClelland is a retired teacher, independent scholar, and a Zen dharma master, ordained by the Venerable Karuna Dharma, Abbess of the International Buddhist Meditation Center of Los Angeles. He is a published poet and author of a chapter on Zen in an anthology on gay spirituality. He lives in Los Angeles, California. ([https://mcfarlandbooks.com/product/encyclopedia-of-reincarnation-and-karma/ Source Accessed January 19, 2024])-karma/ Source Accessed January 19, 2024]))
Nyanaponika + (Nyanaponika Thera, a German-born Buddhist … Nyanaponika Thera, a German-born Buddhist monk, was a scholar, translator, and founder of The Buddhist Publication Society in Sri Lanka. Thera died in 1994 at the age of 93. (Source: [https://wisdomexperience.org/product/abhidhamma-studies/ Wisdom Publications])/abhidhamma-studies/ Wisdom Publications]))
Ducor, J. + (Né et vivant à Genève, Jérôme Ducor s'est … Né et vivant à Genève, Jérôme Ducor s'est initié aux études bouddhiques à l'Université de Lausanne, avant de poursuivre par une licence en histoire des religions et un doctorat en japonologie à l'Université de Genève. Il s'est spécialisé dans le bouddhisme japonais, notamment à l'Université Ryukoku (Kyoto), où il est chercheur invité permanent du Bukkyô-bunka-kenkyûsho.En outre, il a reçu l'ordination et la maîtrise de l'école bouddhique Jodo-Shinshu, au Hompa-Honganji (Kyôto). Il est actuellement le résident du temple Shingyoji de Genève.De 1992 à 1993, il a enseigné les religions extrême-orientales à l'Université McGill (Montréal). Privat-docent à la section de langues et civilisations orientales de l'Université de Lausanne (UNIL) depuis 1993, il est le conservateur du département Asie du Musée d'ethnographie de la Ville de Genève (MEG) depuis 1995. [http://www.pitaka.ch/ducbio.htm Source]Born and living in Geneva, Jerome Ducor studied Buddhism at Lausanne University. He graduated thereafter in religious studies and passed his doctorate in japonology at Geneva University. He specialized in japanese Buddhism at Ryukoku University and received ordination and master in the Jodo-Shinshu school of Buddhism at Hompa-Honganji (Kyoto). He presently acts as the resident minister at Shingyoji temple in Geneva.From 1992 to 1993 he has been teaching East-Asian religions at McGill University (Montreal).Teaching as a privat-docent at the Department of Oriental Languages and Civilizations of Lausanne University since 1993, he is the curator of the Asia Department of Geneva's Ethnographic Museum since 1995.f Geneva's Ethnographic Museum since 1995.)
Czaja, O. + (Olaf Czaja studied Tibetan, Indian and Mon … Olaf Czaja studied Tibetan, Indian and Mongolian studies as well as history of art at the universities of Leipzig, Bonn and Kathmandu. He submitted his PhD thesis about the Phag mo ru pa ruling house in medieval Tibet at Leipzig University in 2007. His research interests are Tibetan history, art, and medicine. He is currently research fellow in the project Katalogisierung der Orientalischen Handschriften in Deutschland (KOHD, Union Catalogue of Oriental Manuscripts in Germany) at Göttingen Academy of Sciences. ([https://www.iaaw.hu-berlin.de/en/region/centralasia/03-05-tibet-himalaya-lecture-series-mantras-and-rituals-in-tibetan-medicine Source Accessed Feb 24, 2023])an-medicine Source Accessed Feb 24, 2023]))
Ngawang, T. + (Originally from Florida, Venerable Thubten … Originally from Florida, Venerable Thubten Ngawang met the Dharma in 2012 when a friend gave him Venerable Chodron’s book, Open Heart, Clear Mind. After exploring Buddhism online for awhile, he began to attend talks at Drepung Loseling Monastery’s Center for Tibetan Studies in Atlanta, where he took refuge.He first visited the Abbey in 2014 and then spent extensive time here in 2015 and 2016. After about six months of training as an anagarika, he decided to remain as a lay person to reassess his spiritual aspirations and moved to Spokane in early 2017.During his time in Spokane, Ven. Ngawang worked at a non-profit in the affordable housing industry, facilitated classes on Nonviolent Communication at the local prison, and attended the weekly meditation class offered by Abbey monastics at the Unitarian Universalist Church. Coming up to the Abbey frequently to attend retreats and offer service sustained and increased his Dharma practice.In 2020, with the pandemic interrupting many of these activities, Ven. Ngawang moved to Tara’s Refuge, a small house on the Abbey property, to focus more on Dharma. This situation proved very supportive and eventually led to him moving up to the Abbey in the summer of 2021.After reflecting on the distractions of lay life and the disadvantages of following attachment, Ven. Ngawang resumed anagarika training in August, 2021. With more confidence in his ability to work with afflictions, and recognition of his improved ability to live happily in community, he requested ordination ten months later. He was ordained as a sramanera (novice monk) in September 2022.Currently, Ven. Ngawang is a part of the Abbey’s prison program; facilitates SAFE and offering service; supports the grounds team and utilizes his architectural design background where needed. ([https://sravastiabbey.org/community-member/venerable-thubten-ngawang/ Source Accessed May 17, 2023])en-ngawang/ Source Accessed May 17, 2023]))
Strauss, O. + (Otto Strauss (b. Berlin 18.10.1881 — d. Bl … Otto Strauss (b. Berlin 18.10.1881 — d. Bloemendaal, Netherlands 20.10.1940) was a German Indologist and a Professor in Breslau. The son of a banker, he studied Indology, philosophy, and art history at Munich, Berlin and especially Kiel (Oldenberg, Deussen). From Deussen, he developed an interest in Indian philosophy. He received his Ph.D. in 1905 at Kiel (under Oldenberg). From 1913 he was Professor of Comparative Philology at University of Calcutta. In 1915-20, he interned in Ahmednagar (and studied Russian). In 1920 he resumed his docentship at Kiel . . . In 1928 he succeeded Liebich as ord. Professor at Breslau. As a Jew, he was forced to resign in 1935. He lived some time in Berlin, then at his friends in Bloemendaal, Netherlands, and died there of angina pectoris.Strauss was an important pioneer of Indian philosophy in Germany. While Deussen still had few texts and mixed Western ideas in his interpretation of them, Strauss applied strict philological methods to the sources. His greatest interest was in the Mīmāṁsā school. He also worked on Sanskrit grammar. Among his students were K. Marschner, E. Pax, and W. Liebenthal. ([https://whowaswho-indology.info/5929/strauss-otto/ Adapted from Source Jan 19, 2024])s-otto/ Adapted from Source Jan 19, 2024]))
Jingwu, O. + (Ouyang Jingwu (1871-1943), was a leading i … Ouyang Jingwu (1871-1943), was a leading intellectual who revived the Buddhist scholastic movement during the early Republican period in China. Ouyang believed that authentic Indian Buddhism was an alternative to the prevalent Chinese Buddhist doctrines of his time.nt Chinese Buddhist doctrines of his time.)
Cordier, P. + (Palmyr Uldéric Alexis Cordier (1871–1914) … Palmyr Uldéric Alexis Cordier (1871–1914) was a French physician and Indologist and an early specialist of the Āyurveda. Born in a modest family, he was educated in Besançon. He studied medicine in Toulon and Bordeaux, at Marine medical school. He became friends with Liétard and began the study of Sanskrit. Cordier obtained a good command of Sanskrit and, in order to read medical works lost in the original, learned also Tibetan. ([https://whowaswho-indology.info/1361/cordier-palmyr-ulderic-alexis/?print=print Adapted from Source Dec 19, 2023])t=print Adapted from Source Dec 19, 2023]))
Mohan, P. + (Pankaj Mohan is Emeritus Faculty at The Au … Pankaj Mohan is Emeritus Faculty at The Australian National University. He is a former Senior Fellow at Korea Foundation 한국국제교류재단. He studied East Asian history at Peking University Beijing, attending from 1992 to 1993. ([https://www.facebook.com/pankajnmohan/about Source Accesed Aug 2, 2023])jnmohan/about Source Accesed Aug 2, 2023]))
Wangdu, Pasang + (Pasang Wangdu is Professor of Tibetan Hist … Pasang Wangdu is Professor of Tibetan History at the Tibetan Academy of Social Sciences in Lhasa, and concurrently the Director of the Academy's Nationalities Research Institute. He is the author of numerous works on Tibetan history including the recent translation(with Hildegard Diemberger) of the ''Dba' bzhed''. (Source: ''Territory and Identity in Tibet and the Himalayas'', 350)dentity in Tibet and the Himalayas'', 350))
Pranke, P. + (Patrick Pranke received his PhD at the Uni … Patrick Pranke received his PhD at the University of Michigan. Dr. Pranke holds a Ph.D. in Buddhist Stuides from the University of Michigan, currently he is an Assistant Professor of Humanities at the University of Louisville. His area of specialization is Burmese Buddhism and Burmese popular cults, research for which he conducted over the course of several years in the Sagaing Hills, Upper Burma. In addition to his experiences in Burma, Dr. Pranke has been a teacher and administrator on the University of Wisconsin's College of the Year India Program, and Antioch College's Buddhist Studies Program in North India, and he maintains strong academic interests in Hindu fold traditions. ([https://louisville.edu/asianstudies/people/faculty/patrick-pranke Source Accessed June 2, 2023])rick-pranke Source Accessed June 2, 2023]))
Dpal sprul nam mkha' 'jigs med + (Patrul Rinpoche's reincarnation, Patrul Na … Patrul Rinpoche's reincarnation, Patrul Namkha Jigme (dpal sprul nam mkha' 'jigs med, 1888–1960), who was the seventh son of the renowned treasure revealer Dudjom Lingpa (bdud 'joms gling pa, 1835–1904), was Kunzang Wangmo's father. He was also know as Padma Khalong Yangpa Tsal and Tulku Namkha Jikmé. (Source: [https://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Kunzang-Wangmo/13819 Treasury of Lives]). Patrul Namkha Jikmé’s two main teachers were his father Dudjom Lingpa, and Khenpo Kunpal. He revealed nine volumes of terma, and constructed a shedra at Dza Pukhung Gön and a Zabchö Shitro Gongpa Rangdrol drupdra at Dzagyal Monastery. His main dharma heir was his own daughter, Khandroma Kunzang Wangmo, a great-daughter of Dudjom Lingpa. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Patrul_Namkha_Jikm%C3%A9 Rigpa Wiki])itle=Patrul_Namkha_Jikm%C3%A9 Rigpa Wiki]))
Condon, P. + (Paul Condon is an associate professor of p … Paul Condon is an associate professor of psychology at Southern Oregon University. He has also served as a visiting lecturer for the Centre for Buddhist Studies at Rangjung Yeshe Institute, and is a fellow of the Mind & Life Institute. His research examines the relational basis for empathy, compassion, wellbeing, and prosocial action, and the influence of compassion and mindfulness training on those capacities. His writing and teaching also explore the use of diverse scientific theories in dialogue with contemplative traditions to inform meditation practices of compassion, mindfulness, and wisdom. Paul teaches meditation practices adapted from the Tibetan Nyingma and Kagyu traditions for multi-faith and secular application. ([https://paulcondon.org/ Source Accessed April 25, 2024])ulcondon.org/ Source Accessed April 25, 2024]))
Pelliot, P. + (Paul Eugène Pelliot (28 May 1878 – 26 Octo … Paul Eugène Pelliot (28 May 1878 – 26 October 1945) was a French Sinologist and Orientalist best known for his explorations of Central Asia and his discovery of many important Chinese texts such as the Dunhuang manuscripts. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Pelliot Source Accessed Jan 25, 2024])aul_Pelliot Source Accessed Jan 25, 2024]))
Waldau, P. + (Paul Francis Waldau (born January 16, 1950 … Paul Francis Waldau (born January 16, 1950) is an American ethicist and former professor at Canisius College in Buffalo, New York, where he headed the graduate program on anthrozoology, which he founded. He has several times served as Barker Lecturer in animal law at Harvard Law School, and is the author of a number of books on animal rights and speciesism. Waldau has also served as the legal director of the Great Ape Project, which campaigns for rights for chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans. He has served as President of the Religion and Animals Institute since 2003. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Waldau Source Accessed June 16, 2023])aul_Waldau Source Accessed June 16, 2023]))
Hackett, P. + (Paul Hackett specializes in canonical Budd … Paul Hackett specializes in canonical Buddhist philosophy and Tibetan culture, as well as their influence on contemporary alternative religion in America. He is also active in the field of applied computational linguistics and serves as the chair of the Tibetan Information Technology Panel for the International Association for Tibetan Studies. He previously taught Classical Tibetan language at Columbia and Yale universities. ([https://www.shambhala.com/authors/g-n/paul-g-hackett.html Source Accessed Nov 21, 2023])Paul's doctoral dissertation, "Barbarian Lands: Theos Bernard, Tibet, and the American Religious Life" (2008), presented the first and only comprehensive narrative of the life of Theos Bernard (1908-1947). In the context of this narrative, the dissertation examined such issues as Bernard’s place in the early history of the American subculture and counter-culture informed by Indian concepts of religiosity and the narrative of the genesis and spread of Indian and Buddhist religious traditions in America over the last 150 years. In addition, Bernard’s life and writings are examined as a paradigm of an ethnically American counter-culture religious experience and his academic activities are discussed in terms of their broader implications for the study of religion.His masters thesis, "Approaches to Tibetan Information Retrieval: Segmentation vs. n-grams" (2000), reported the results of research evaluating automatic word-segmented indexing for Tibetan documents against a system using n-gram indexing in a search and retrieval system. For the thesis an algorithm for automatic sentence- and word-segmentation for Tibetan was designed and implemented in conjunction with a shallow parser performing automatic Part-of-Speech tagging.rforming automatic Part-of-Speech tagging.)
Williams, P. + (Paul Williams (b. 1950) is Emeritus Profes … Paul Williams (b. 1950) is Emeritus Professor of Indian and Tibetan Philosophy at the University of Bristol, England. Until his retirement in 2011 he was also director for the University's Centre for Buddhist Studies, and is a former President of the UK Association for Buddhist Studies. Williams studied at the University of Sussex's School of African & Asian Studies where he graduated with a first class BA in 1972. He then went on to study Buddhist Philosophy at Wadham College, University of Oxford, where he was awarded his DPhil in 1978. His main research interests are Madhyamaka Buddhist philosophy, Mahayana Buddhism, and Medieval philosophical and mystical thought. Williams was a Buddhist himself for many years but has since converted to Roman Catholicism, an experience he wrote about in his book ''The Unexpected Way'' and in an article, "On Converting from Buddhism to Catholicism – One Convert's Story." He is now a professed lay member of the Dominican Order. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Williams_(Buddhist_studies_scholar) Source Accessed April 16, 2020]))
Gyatso, Pema + (Pema Gyatso is a graduate from the Tibetan … Pema Gyatso is a graduate from the Tibetan Language Department of Tibet University andhas studied under many great masters. He presently works as a researcher of Tibetan language and culture at the Tibetan Academy of Social Science, Lhasa. (Source: ''The Six Brothers'', 2007)hasa. (Source: ''The Six Brothers'', 2007))
Khandro, P. + (Pema Khandro is a scholar-practitioner and … Pema Khandro is a scholar-practitioner and teacher of Tibetan Buddhism. She is the founder of the non-profit organization Ngakpa International and oversees its projects, the Dakini Mountain Retreat Center, the Buddhist Studies Institute and the Yogic Medicine Institute.Pema Khandro’s academic work specializes in the history of Dzogchen, women in Buddhism, and Tibet’s Buddhist yogis. She has a bachelor’s degree in Sociology, a a Master’s degree in Religious Studies specializing in Tibet, and a Ph.D. in Buddhist Studies from the University of Virginia. She is currently an Assistant Professor of Buddhist Studies and studies English, Tibetan and Chinese languages. ([https://pemakhandro.org/biography/ Source Accessed June 6, 2023])/biography/ Source Accessed June 6, 2023]))
Kværne, P. + (Per Kværne (born 1 April 1945) is a Norweg … Per Kværne (born 1 April 1945) is a Norwegian Tibetologist and historian of religion. Kværne was born in Oslo, Norway. In 1970 he received the mag.art. degree in Sanskrit at the University of Oslo. From 1970 to 1975 he worked as a lecturer in the history of religion at the University of Bergen. In 1973 he received the dr.philos. degree from the University of Oslo with his thesis "An Anthology of Buddhist Tantric Songs." From 1975 to 2007 he was professor of the history of religion at the University of Oslo, and he is now a professor emeritus.In 1976 he became an elected member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. From 1992 he served as chairman of the board of the Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture, Oslo. He published a series of books on religious history, mainly on Bön and Buddhism.He also published on art history, including the ''Singing Songs of the Scottish Heart. William McTaggart 1835-1910''.Kværne became a Catholic on 15 June 1998. From 2006 to 2008 he was a member of the Academic Study Group of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. From April 2007 to May 2008 he served as dean of Study at the St. Eystein Priest Seminar. Starting in the autumn of 2008 he was a student priest of the Catholic Diocese of Oslo, and in 2010 Kværne was ordained Roman Catholic priest. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_Kv%C3%A6rne Source Accessed June 14, 2023])v%C3%A6rne Source Accessed June 14, 2023]))
Coyote, P. + (Peter Coyote is an American actor, directo … Peter Coyote is an American actor, director, screenwriter, author and narrator of films, theatre, television, and audiobooks. He worked on films such as E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Cross Creek, Jagged Edge, Bitter Moon, Kika, Patch Adams, Erin Brockovich, A Walk to Remember, and Femme Fatale.ich, A Walk to Remember, and Femme Fatale.)
Hershock, P. + (Peter Hershock is Manager of the Asian Stu … Peter Hershock is Manager of the Asian Studies Development Program (ASDP) at the East-West Center in Honolulu, Hawai'i. In his work with ASDP, he designs and directs higher education faculty and institutional development programs that seek to mainstream the study of Asian cultures and societies in the undergraduate classroom. In connection with his work in the Professional Development Program at the Center, he has collaborated in designing and hosting international education leadership programs and research seminars that critically examine the relationships among higher education, globalization, equity and diversity. Most recently, he has helped launch the Center’s initiative on Humane Artificial Intelligence, with a focus on the societal impacts and ethical issues raised by emerging technologies. Trained in Asian and comparative philosophy, his research and writing draw on Buddhist conceptual resources to reflect on and address contemporary issues of global concern. ([https://www.eastwestcenter.org/about/staff/peter.hershock Source Accessed May 28, 2023])er.hershock Source Accessed May 28, 2023]))
Skilling, P. + (Peter Skilling is a Fellow of the Lumbini … Peter Skilling is a Fellow of the Lumbini International Research Institute (Lumbini, Nepal) and a Special Lecturer at Chulalongkorn University (Bangkok, Thailand). He is founder of the Fragile Palm Leaves Foundation (Bangkok), a project dedicated to the preservation, study and publication of the Buddhist literature of Southeast Asia. He is a founding member of the International Centre for Buddhist Studies (Bangkok). Peter Skilling has lived in Thailand for over thirty years, and has travelled extensively in Asia. His interests include the early history of religion in Southeast Asia as known through inscriptions and archaeological remains; the history of Indian Buddhism and the development of Mahayana sutras; and the Pali and vernacular literature of pre-modern Siam, including jataka and sermon genres. He has also written about the history of the Buddhist order of nuns in India and Siam and the development of the Tibetan canonical collections (Kanjur). His publications include Mahasutras, a critical edition and study of ten Sarvastivadin texts preserved in Tibetan translation in the Kanjur compared with their Pali counterparts (Vols. I and II, Oxford: The Pali Text Society, 1994, 1997; Vol. III, translations, forthcoming). Skilling is reported to be overly fond of durian. He lives in Nandapuri on the outskirts of Bangkok with a turtle rescued from the streets after a flood some years ago.Translation & Transmission Conference Bio: Professor Skilling is a Fellow of the LumbiniInternational Research Institute (Lumbini, Nepal) and a Special Lecturer at ChulalongkornUniversity (Bangkok, Thailand). At present he is Maître de Conférences with the Écolefrançaise d’Extrême-Orient (EFEO) and Head of the Buddhist Studies Group of the EFEO.He is founder of the Fragile Palm Leaves Foundation (Bangkok), a project dedicated to thepreservation, study and publication of the Buddhist literature of Southeast Asia. He received a PhD with honours and a Habilitation in Paris (Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes). Peter’s publications include numerous articles and several books, the most recent being ''How Theravada is Theravada?'' (University of Washington Press, 2012) and ''Mahāsātras: Great Discourses of the Buddha'' (2 vols., Oxford, The Pali Text Society, 1994 and 1997) and the edited volume ''Wat Si Chum, Sukhothai: Art, Architecture and Inscriptions'' (River Books, Bangkok, 2008).d Inscriptions'' (River Books, Bangkok, 2008).)
Kapleau, P. + (Philip Kapleau (August 20, 1912 – May 6, 2 … Philip Kapleau (August 20, 1912 – May 6, 2004) was an American teacher of Zen Buddhism in the Sanbo Kyodan tradition, which is rooted in Japanese Sōtō and incorporates Rinzai-school koan-study. He also strongly advocated for Buddhist vegetarianism. [(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Kapleau Source Accessed Nov 20, 2023])lip_Kapleau Source Accessed Nov 20, 2023]))
Foucaux, P. + (Philippe Édouard Foucaux (15 September 181 … Philippe Édouard Foucaux (15 September 1811 – 20 May 1894) was a French tibetologist. He published the first Tibetan grammar in French and occupied the first chair of Tibetan Studies in Europe.He was born in the town of Angers on 15 September to [a] merchant family. At the age of 27, he left for Paris to study Indology with Eugène Burnouf. After becoming aware of the work of Sándor Kőrösi Csoma, he studied Tibetan by himself for two years. After this he was appointed as a Tibetan teacher at the École des langues orientales where he gave his inaugural lecture on January 31, 1842. Funding for the position was canceled but Foucaux continued to instruct his students thereafter on a pro bono basis. Some of his most well-known students include Léon Feer [fr], William Woodville Rockhill, and Alexandra David-Néel.Foucaux was a member of the Sociéte d'Ethnographie. After France became the Second Empire, Foucaux was elected as a member of the Collège de France. Foucaux was married to Mary Summer, born Marie Filon, who also did work as a buddhologist. He was a corresponding member of the American Oriental Society from 1865. A number of Sanskrit, Tibetan, and Chinese manuscripts and printed books from his library were acquired by the National Library of France and are preserved there. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_%C3%89douard_Foucaux Source Accessed July 29, 2021])rd_Foucaux Source Accessed July 29, 2021]))
Phywa pa chos kyi seng ge + (Phywa pa [alt. Cha pa] Chos kyi Seng ge. ( … Phywa pa [alt. Cha pa] Chos kyi Seng ge. (Chapa Chökyi Senge) (1109–1169). The sixth abbot of Gsang phu ne’u thog, a Bka' gdams monastery founded in 1073 by Rngog Legs pa'i shes rab. Among his students are included the first Karma pa, Dus gsum mkhyen pa and the Sa skya hierarch Bsod nams rtse mo. His collected works include explanations of Madhyamaka and Prajñāpāramitā. With his influential ''Tshad ma'i bsdus pa yid kyi mun sel rtsa 'grel'' he continued the line of ''pramāṇa'' scholarship started by Rngog Blo ldan shes rab, one that would later be challenged by Sa skya Paṇḍita. He is credited with originating the distinctively Tibetan ''bsdus grwa'' genre of textbook (used widely in Dge lugs monasteries) that introduces beginners to the main topics in abhidharma in a peculiar dialectical form that strings together a chain of consequences linked by a chain of reasons. He also played an important role in the formation of the ''bstan rim'' genre of Tibetan Buddhist literature, the forerunner of the more famous ''lam rim''. (Source: "Phywa pa Chos kyi Seng ge." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 644. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27)ttp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27))
Bollée, W. + (Prof. Bollée had a long-standing relations … Prof. Bollée had a long-standing relationship with the South Asia Institute of the University of Heidelberg, where he habilitated in 1977 under Prof. Berger (studies on Sūyagaḍa 1977, Steiner, Wiesbaden) and taught for over two decades (1975-1997). During this time he also represented Prof. Sontheimer and Prof. Berger.His teaching and research focused on Jainism and early Buddhism, with a special interest in Central Indian texts that had not yet been translated. In search of such texts, he also repeatedly went on research trips to South and Southeast Asia, for example to (present-day) Myanmar and Thailand in the early 1960s. He was happy to share this rich wealth of experience with his students in order to awaken their enthusiasm for South and Southeast Asian cultures and religions, in addition to providing a sound philological education.Beginning with his dissertation on Ṣaḍviṃśa-brāhmaṇa (Utrecht, 1956), Prof. Bollée published numerous editions, translations, and indexes, including ''Vyavahāra bhāṣya pīṭhikā'' (2006, Hindi Granth Karyalay, Mumbai), Samantabhadra Deva's ''Ratnakaraṇḍaka Śrāvakācāra'' (2010, Sundara Prakashana, Bangalore) and ''A Cultural Encyclopaedia of the Kathāsaritsāgara in Keywords'' (2015, Universitätsverlag Halle-Wittenberg).As a tireless academic, Prof. Bollée was scientifically active until the last day. Two of his works: ''Stylistic Repetition in Bāṇaʼs Harṣacaritam and Kādambarī'' (Feb. 2020) and the revised 2nd edition of his monograph ''Gone to the Dogs in Ancient India'' (Mar. 2020) are published this year by CrossAsia-Repository . . . Prof. Dr. Willem Bollée received the prestigious Acārya Hemacandra Sūrī Award in recognition of his achievements and merits in the field of Jainism (2004) and [the] Prakrit Jñānabhāratī International Award (2005). ([https://www.herenow4u.net/index.php?id=158094 Source Accessed July 24, 2023])?id=158094 Source Accessed July 24, 2023]))
Bayer, A. + (Professor Achim Bayer teaches Buddhism at Kanazawa Seiryo University, Japan. His main fields of research are tantric Buddhism, Abhidharma systematics and Buddhist ethics.)
Reynolds, C. + (Professor Craig J. Reynolds is a historian … Professor Craig J. Reynolds is a historian of Southeast Asia, particularly the mainland countries. His PhD and MA students have written on Burma, Japan, Laos, Malaya, Thailand and Vietnam. Many of these students have returned to teach and work in the countries of their birth.Craig first encountered Asia as a Peace Corps volunteer in Thailand where he taught English from 1963-1965 in the southern provincial town of Krabi. His current research on the legendary policeman from Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khun Phantharakratchadet, has taken him back to southern Thailand. ([https://anu-au.academia.edu/CraigReynolds Source Accessed July 20, 2023])igReynolds Source Accessed July 20, 2023]))
Keyes, C. + (Professor Emeritus of Anthropology and Int … Professor Emeritus of Anthropology and International Studies, University of Washington, Seattle. Author of T''hailand: Buddhist Kingdom as Modern Nation State''; ''Finding Their Voice: Northeastern Thai Villagers and the Thai State''; and ''Golden Peninsula: Culture and Adaptation in Mainland Southeast Asia''. ([https://www.britannica.com/contributor/Charles-F-Keyes/4068 Source Accessed Nov 20, 2023])-Keyes/4068 Source Accessed Nov 20, 2023]))
King, W. + (Professor Emeritus of Vanderbilt Universit … Professor Emeritus of Vanderbilt University, having also taught at Grinnell and Oberlin Colleges and Colorado State University in the history of religions, specializing in Buddhism. His books include In the ''Hope of Nibbana'', ''A Thousand Lives Away'', ''Death was His Kōan'', and ''Zen and the Way of the Sword''.n'', and ''Zen and the Way of the Sword''.)
Hardacre, H. + (Professor Helen Hardacre began the study o … Professor Helen Hardacre began the study of Japanese religions as an undergraduate at Vanderbilt University, and she earned her doctorate from the University of Chicago in 1980, studying with Professor Joseph Kitagawa. Her research on religion focuses on the manner in which traditional doctrines and rituals are transformed and adapted in contemporary life. Concentrating on Japanese religious history of the modern period, she has done extended field study of contemporary Shinto, Buddhist religious organizations and the religious life of Japan's Korean minority. She has also researched State Shinto and contemporary ritualizations of abortion. From 1980 to 1989, Professor Hardacre taught at Princeton University's Department of Religion, and from 1990 she taught two years in the School of Modern Asian Studies, Griffith University (Australia). She came to Harvard in 1992. Her publications include ''The Religion of Japan's Korean Minority'' (Berkeley, 1984), ''Lay Buddhism in Contemporary Japan: Reiyukai Kyodan'' (Princeton, 1984), ''Kurozumikyo and the New Religions of Japan'' (Princeton, 1986), ''Shinto and the State, 1868-1988'' (Princeton, 1989), ''Marketing the Menacing Fetus in Japan'' (Berkeley, 1997), which won the Arisawa Hiromichi Prize, and ''Religion and Society in Nineteenth-Century Japan: A Study of the Southern Kanto Region, Using Late Edo and Early Meiji Gazetteers'' (Michigan, 2002). Her current research centers on the issue of constitutional revision and its effect on religious groups. Hardacre was awarded a J.S. Guggenheim Fellowship in 2003, elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2014, and awarded the Order of the Rising Sun 3rd Class Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon from the Government of Japan in 2018. Hardacre's most recent monograph is ''Shinto: A History'' (Oxford, 2016), a comprehensive study of Shinto from ancient Japan to the present. ([https://ealc.fas.harvard.edu/people/helen-hardacre Source Accessed July 10, 2023])n-hardacre Source Accessed July 10, 2023]))
Ping-chen, H. + (Professor Hsiung Ping-chen received her Ph … Professor Hsiung Ping-chen received her Ph.D. in History from Brown University and her S.M. in Population Studies and International Health from Harvard University. She is Professor of History and Director of the Taiwan Research Centre at The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Her main research interest lies in the area of women’s and children’s health. Her works included ''A Tender Voyage: Children and Childhood in Late Imperial China'', ''Childhood in the Past: A History of Chinese Children'' and ''Ill or Well: Diseases and Health of Young Children in Late Imperial China''.She is a visiting fellow at the Global and Transregional Studies Platform at the University of Göttingen. ([https://www.cemeas.de/meet-our-researchers-prof-hsiung-ping-chen/ Source Accessed June 19, 2023])ping-chen/ Source Accessed June 19, 2023]))
Lynn, R. + (Professor Lynn has held positions at unive … Professor Lynn has held positions at universities in New Zealand, Australia, U.S.A. and Canada. In 1999, he was appointed as a full-time Professor of Chinese Thought and Literature at the University of Toronto until retiring in 2005. He has more than 100 book sections, journal articles, and reviews published on pre-modern Chinese poetry and poetics, literati culture, intellectual history and the visual arts. He is currently working on the translation and study of the Daoist classic, ''Zhuangzi'', with commentary of Guo Xiang (Columbia University Press, 2020), and a study of Huang Zunxian’s literary experiences in Japan (1877– 82). ([https://www.eas.utoronto.ca/people/directories/all-faculty/richard-john-lynn Source Accesed July 14, 2023])d-john-lynn Source Accesed July 14, 2023]))
Pak, Y. + (Professor Pak has published numerous artic … Professor Pak has published numerous articles, books, and chapters in various publications, such as; ‘The State of Field: Koryo Buddhist Painting.’ How to approach Korean Art History? Craft Art and Craftsman. pp. 151-159 in 2003.As well as History, Language, and Culture in Korea. Proceedings of the 20th Conference of the Association of Korean Studies in Europe, in 2001 (with Youn.J as co-editor) among other publications.She is also an Emeritus Reader, for both the school of arts and the department of, History of art and archaeology, school of art as SOAS, University of London. She is also a research associate for the centre for Korean Studies (London). ([https://londonkoreanlinks.net/2017/08/21/han-collections-korean-arts-lecture-series/ Source Accessed July 19, 2023])re-series/ Source Accessed July 19, 2023]))
Badham, P. + (Professor Paul Badham has been Head of the … Professor Paul Badham has been Head of the Department of Theology and Religious Studies at University of Wales Lampeter since 1991. He was born in 1942 and educated at Jesus College Oxford (traditional Christian Theology); at Jesus College Cambridge (Modern Religious Thought); and at Westcott House (Anglican Ministry). He then went to Birmingham and for five years worked as a Curate while simultaneously writing a PhD under John Hick. Since 1973 he has been at Lampeter where he has gradually moved from Lecturer to Senior Lecturer to Reader and finally to Professor and Dean.On his arrival at Lampeter he joined five other Anglican clergymen in a very traditional Department of Theology. One of his main concerns has been to transform the Department into a vibrant centre for the study of all world religions, with a particular emphasis on religion in the contemporary world and with an emphasis on the possibility of studying each religion from within. The Department now consists of 18 full-time and 12 part-time staff across the whole area of Religious Life and Thought, with specialists in each of the major faiths and with all disciplines of Religious Studies included.Exploration of the arguments for and against belief in a life after death has been one of Paul Badham’s main academic concerns. This led to his books ''Christian Beliefs about Life after Death and Immortality or Extinction? as well as to his edited collections Death and Immortality in the Religions of the World''; ''Perspectives on Death and Dying''; ''Ethics on the Frontiers of Human Existence and Facing Death''. He has for many years directed a unique MA programme on Death and Immortality, taught jointly with the Philosophy Department at Lampeter, and he has always had a succession of research students working in this area from all over the world. He has contributed to seven television documentaries on the Near-death experience and is currently preparing for a major international conference on this in Washington.Paul Badham is also deeply interested in issues of Modern Theology and Inter-faith Dialogue, and has contributed to a series of books in this area arising from Conferences in Claremont as well as his edited ''John Hick Reader''. He has also written a series of bilingual (England and Japanese) publications with Professor Daigan Lee Matsunaga on ''Near-Death Experiences, Interfaith Dialogue and Christian Beliefs About God and Christ in Relation to True Pure Land Buddhism'' (published in Japanese as Christianity for Buddhists). He is currently working on a Centenary volume for the Modern Church People’s Union on ''The Contemporary Challenge of Modernist Theology''.Paul Badham’s other concern is the relationship between Religion and Politics. This has led to his edited work ''Religion, State and Society in Modern Britain'' and to an ongoing project with Vladislav Arzenukhin on ''Religion and Change in Eastern Europe''. This concern also helped to establish an MA degree on ''Religion Politics and International Relations'', jointly taught by the Department of Theology and Religious Studies at Lampeter and by the Department of International Politics at Aberystwyth. ([https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/96773532.pdf Source Accessed Feb 14, 2023])6773532.pdf Source Accessed Feb 14, 2023]))
Baker, D. + (Professor in Korean History and Civilizati … Professor in Korean History and CivilizationHe received his Ph.D. in Korean history from the University of Washington and has taught at UBC since 1987. He teaches undergraduate and graduate courses on Korean history and thought (religion, philosophy, and pre-modern science). In addition, he teaches a graduate seminar on the reproduction of historical trauma in Asia, in which he leads graduate students in an examination of how traumatic events in Asia in the 20th century, such as the Korean and Vietnam Wars, the bombing of Hiroshima, partition of India, China’s Cultural Revolution, and the killing fields of Cambodia have been reproduced in eyewitness accounts, historiography, fiction, and film.He was a co-editor of the Sourcebook of Korean Civilization and editor of Critical Readings on Korean Christianity. He is also the author of Chosŏn hugi yugyo wa ch’ǒnjugyo ŭi taerip (The Confucian confrontation with Catholicism in the latter half of the Joseon dynasty), published by Iljogak in 1997, Korean Spirituality (University of Hawaii Press, 2008), and Catholics and Anti-Catholicism in Chosŏn Korea (University of Hawaii Press, 2017). He will soon publish How to be Moral, an annotated translation of a commentary by Tasan Chŏng Yagyong on the Zhongyong. ([https://asia.ubc.ca/profile/donald-baker/ Source Accessed Aug 2, 2023])onald-baker/ Source Accessed Aug 2, 2023]))
Collcutt, M. + (Professor of History and East Asian Studie … Professor of History and East Asian Studies, teaches Japanese intellectual and cultural history. His interests include the history of Buddhism in Japanese society, Medieval society and economy, and Japan's relations with China and the West. Professor Collcutt completed an English translation of Kume Kunitake's record of the Iwakura Embassy's visit to the United States in 1872. He is working on a companion volume to be entitled ''The Iwakura Embassy in the United States: An Inner History''. He is translating "Dialogues in Dreams" by the fourteenth century Zen master Muso Kokushi and editing a collection of papers on Medieval and Early Modern social history. His regular undergraduate classes include "History of East Asian to 1800" taught with Professor Peterson, "The World of the Tale of Heike: an Introduction to Medieval Japanese Society", and "Ideas and Images in Japanese Culture." ([https://eas.princeton.edu/people/martin-collcutt Source Accessed June 14, 2023])n-collcutt Source Accessed June 14, 2023]))
Grainzvolt, Q. + (Qalvy Grainzvolt, LMHC, is an ordained Shi … Qalvy Grainzvolt, LMHC, is an ordained Shinnyo-en priest, a uniformed police chaplain, a licensed mental health clinician, and a Buddhist chaplain and member of mindfulness faculty for New York University. ([https://www.lionsroar.com/author/qalvy-grainzvolt/ Source Accessed April 25, 2024])ainzvolt/ Source Accessed April 25, 2024]))
Felbur, R. + (Rafal Felbur is Assistant to the Chair of … Rafal Felbur is Assistant to the Chair of Buddhist Studies at the Heidelberg Centre for Transcultural Studies. He received his MA at Leiden University in The Netherlands and his PhD at Stanford University (2018). The title of his dissertation is "Anxiety of Emptiness: Self and Scripture in Early Medieval Chinese Buddhism, With a Focus on Sengrui." Prior to joining the Heidelberg Centre for Transcultural Studies, Rafal was a Postdoctoral Researcher in "The Composition of Buddhist Scriptures: Open Philology" project led by Professor Jonathan Silk at the Leiden Institute for Area Studies. ([https://buddhiststudies.stanford.edu/people/rafal-felbur Adapted from Source June 14, 2023])felbur Adapted from Source June 14, 2023]))
Thub bstan bshad sgrub rgya mtsho + (Rago Choktrul Tupten Shedrup Gyatso (Wyl. … Rago Choktrul Tupten Shedrup Gyatso (Wyl. ''rag mgo mchog sprul thub bstan bshad sgrub rgya mtsho'') (1879–1972) — a prolific author of the Palyul tradition.<h5>Texts</h5>Vines of Amṛta: A Prayer to the Lineage of the Bodhicaryāvatāra (''spyod 'jug brgyud pa'i gsol 'debs bdud rtsi'i 'khri shing''). English translation: [https://www.lotsawahouse.org/tibetan-masters/rago-choktrul-tupten-shedrup-gyatso/bodhicaryavatara-lineage-prayer Vines of Amṛta: A Prayer to the Lineage of the Bodhicaryāvatāra], translated by Adam Pearcey, 2019.The Short Commentary on the Tantra of Twenty-one Homages to Tara called The Treasure Vase of Benefit and Happiness (''sgrol ma phyag 'tshal nyer gcig rgyud kyi 'grel chung phan bde'i gter bum mchog sbyin''). English translation: [https://www.tibetanbuddhistaltar.org/tag/21-homages-to-tara/ The Short Commentary on the Twenty-One Homages to Tara called The Treasure Vase of Benefit and Happiness], translated by Khenpo Tenzin Norgey, 2004.Lute of Lotus Flowers: A Concise Fulfillment for the Female Practice of the Queen of Great Bliss, from the Heart Essence of the Vast Expanse ([https://library.bdrc.io/show/bdr:MW21957 ''klong chen snying gi thig le las/ yum bka' bde chen rgyal mo'i skong bsdus pad+ma'i rgyud mangs'']) ([https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Rago_Choktrul_Tupten_Shedrup_Gyatso Source Accessed Feb 9 2023])rul_Tupten_Shedrup_Gyatso Source Accessed Feb 9 2023]))
Ibana, R. + (Rainier Ibana teaches Ethics, Environmenta … Rainier Ibana teaches Ethics, Environmental Ethics, Social Philosophy and Philosophy of Education at Ateneo de Manila University. He chairs COMEST’s Environmental Ethics Committee and served as Coordinator for the Asia-Pacific Section of UNESCO’s South-south Philosophical Dialogue. He is also President of the Asia-Pacific Philosophy Education Network for Democracy and Vice President of the Philosophy with Children and Youth Network for Asia-Pacific. ([https://transformationstosustainability.org/people/dr-rainier-ibana/ Source Accessed June 1, 2023])nier-ibana/ Source Accessed June 1, 2023]))
Steineck, R. + (Raji C. Steineck, Ph.D. (1999), Bonn Unive … Raji C. Steineck, Ph.D. (1999), Bonn University, is Professor of Japanology at the University of Zurich. He has published extensively on Japanese intellectual history and philosophy and pursues a long-term project on the ''Critique of Symbolic Forms'' (Frommann-Holzboog 2014, 2017). ([https://brill.com/edcollbook/title/32218?contents=editorial-content Source Accessed July 6, 2023])ial-content Source Accessed July 6, 2023]))
Rak ra thub bstan chos dar + (Rakra Rinpoche (Rakra Thubten Choedar) was … Rakra Rinpoche (Rakra Thubten Choedar) was born in 1925 (Fire Ox Year) to Gyurme Gyatso Tethong, then Governor of Derge (Derge chikyap) and Dolma Tsering nee Rong Dikyiling (d/o Dikyiling Sawang Tsering Rabten). The boy was named Rigzin Namgyal by Khenchen Ngawang Samten Lodroe (1868-1931) of the Great Monastery of Derge. At the age of two he was recognized as the 6th Rakra incarnate of Pakshoe monastery in Kham. His father was initially against having his child become a lama, but after the 13th Dalai Lama himself recognized the incarnation, Gyurme Gyatso had to give up his son. His Holiness named the boy Rakra Thubten Choedar.Rakra was first schooled at Pakshoe monastery, but from 1935 he started his formal education at Drepung monastery, specifically Gomang college, Ghungru khamtsen (fraternity). He was a bright child and a fast learner. He was also very lucky to have as his principal teacher a geshe (doctor of divinity) who combined profound erudition with an unusual liberal disposition. This geshe seemed to have left a deep impression on the young Rakra. ([https://tibetanwhoswho.wordpress.com/2018/12/09/rakra-rinpoche/ Source Accessed Feb 10, 2023])a-rinpoche/ Source Accessed Feb 10, 2023]))
Weber, R. + (Ralph Weber, Ph.D. (2007), University of S … Ralph Weber, Ph.D. (2007), University of St. Gallen, is Assistant Professor for European Global Studies at the University of Basel. His publications focus on Chinese and comparative philosophy as well as methodological and conceptual aspects of translinguistic and transcultural research. ([https://brill.com/edcollbook/title/32218?contents=editorial-content Source Accessed July 6, 2023])ial-content Source Accessed July 6, 2023]))
Ra se dkon mchog rgya mtsho + (Rase Konchog Gyatso was born in 1968 in th … Rase Konchog Gyatso was born in 1968 in the village below the monastery of Drikung Thil in Tibet. Dagpo (or Gampo) Chenga is the 8th reincarnation of the heart son of Gampopa (1079-1153).From his young age Dagpo Chenga revealed a virtuous personality as well as a sharp mind. He studied at Drikung Buddhist College and at the Tibetan College in Lhasa. Dagpo Chenga also attended the Medical and Astrological College. He studied the Ten Aspects of Knowledge, as well as natural sciences, social sciences, and history and became very erudite in many fields of knowledge. Already as a young student he began writing papers on many subjects of Tibetan history and Tibetan Buddhism under his name Rase Konchog Gyatso. Among his books is also a seven-volume publication entitled A Faithful Speech that shows how to develop, improve and spread the Dharma tradition of the Drikung Kagyu in the future. Dagpo Chenga is considered one of the most learned lamas of the Drikung tradition. ([https://www.garchen.de/index.php/en/spiritual-guidance/visiting-teachers Source Accessed Oct 6, 2022])ing-teachers Source Accessed Oct 6, 2022]))
Martin, Raymond + (Raymond Martin is Dwane W. Crichton Profes … Raymond Martin is Dwane W. Crichton Professor of Philosophy and chair of the Department of Philosophy at Union College in Schenectady, New York. Formerly, he taught at the University of Maryland, College Park. His publications on the self and personal identity include ''Self-Concern: An Experiential Approach to What Matters in Survival'' (1998), and "What Really Matters" (''Synthese'', 2008). He is also co-author (with John Barresi) of ''Naturalization of the Soul: Self and Personal Identity in the Eighteenth Century'' (2000) and ''The Rise and Fall of Soul and Self: An Intellectual History of Personal Identity'' (2006). (Source: ''Pointing at the Moon'')(2006). (Source: ''Pointing at the Moon''))
French, R. + (Rebecca Redwood French received her B.A. f … Rebecca Redwood French received her B.A. from the University of Michigan and her J.D. from the University of Washington. After practicing law for six years, she went on to receive an LL.M. and Ph.D. in legal anthropology from Yale University. She has been an invited member of the Institute for Advanced Studies at Princeton, received numerous grants for her work from NSF, SSRC, Werner Gren, Fulbright and a host of other agencies and been asked to speak at many conferences including in Bhutan in the summer of 2018.Her work is situated at the intersections of law, anthropology, legal theory, religious studies and Buddhist legal systems. Four years of field research in Tibet and India resulted in a study of the Dalai Lama’s pre-1960 legal system, titled The Golden Yoke (Snow Lion: 2002). She also co-edited with Mark Nathan the book Buddhism and Law: An Introduction (Cambridge University Press: 2014), the first comprehensive study of its kind.In 2015, she founded and is the Editor of the journal, Buddhism, Law & Society, with William S. Hein Publishing, and began a series of conferences on the new sub-discipline at Buffalo every few years. The first conference was in 2006, and the third will be in Buffalo in September 2019 with an international set of scholars attending.She has also worked extensively with Tibetans and Indonesians on immigration and cultural issues and has delivered public lectures for Amnesty International, the Tibetan Conference, the International Association of Tibetan Studies, Tibet House as well as in many scholarly forums.From 2008 to 2010, French served as Director of the Baldy Center for Law and Social Policy at the University at Buffalo School of Law, an endowed academic center for interdisciplinary research on law and legal institutions. She joined the School of Law faculty after serving as an associate professor of law at the University of Colorado from 1992 to 2001. ([https://www.law.buffalo.edu/faculty/facultyDirectory/FrenchRebeccaR.html Source Accessed Nov 20, 2023])chRebeccaR.html Source Accessed Nov 20, 2023]))
Higa, B. + (Rev. Blayne Higa is the Resident Minister … Rev. Blayne Higa is the Resident Minister of the Kona Hongwanji Buddhist Temple in Kealakekua on the Big Island of Hawaii. He holds a Master of Divinity from the Institute of Buddhist Studies in Berkeley, California with a focus on Shin Buddhist ministry and chaplaincy. He has been a contributor to Tricycle, Lion’s Roar, and Buddhadharma, and is a frequent speaker and seminar leader at Buddhist communities in Hawaii and around the nation.Rev. Blayne received Tokudo ordination and Kyoshi certification from the Jodo Shinshu Hongwanji-ha in Kyoto, Japan. He is the Chair of the Committee on Social Concerns and Ministerial Training Committee for the Honpa Hongwanji Mission of Hawaii. He was also a co-planner for the 2022 Future of American Buddhism Conference.Prior to entering ministry, he had careers in state government and the non-profit sector for over seventeen-years. He holds a Master of Public Administration and a certificate in Urban and Regional Planning from the University of Hawaii at Manoa. He received a BA from Willamette University in Salem, Oregon. Committed to civic engagement, Rev. Blayne serves on the boards of the American Civil Liberties Union of Hawaii and Vibrant Hawaii. He is also a member of the Advisory Board of The Interfaith Alliance Hawaii. You can learn more about his work at www.blaynehiga.com. ([https://www.blaynehiga.com/about Source Accessed April 25, 2024])com/about Source Accessed April 25, 2024]))
Cardenas, K. + (Reverend Konin Cardenas, also known as Ven … Reverend Konin Cardenas, also known as Ven. Dhammadipa, started the practice of Zen in 1987 and was ordained as a nun in 2007. She has trained at Hosshinji in Japan, at Tassajara Zen Mountain Center, and at the Zen Center in San Francisco. She received Dharma Transmission in the Shunryu Suzuki lineage. Ven. Dhammadipa serves as the Principal Teacher of Ekan Zen Studies Center, a virtual sangha. She currently resides in Aloka Vihara Monastery of the Forest, a Theravada training center for nuns.Konin Cardenas, también conocida como Ven. Dhammadipa, comenzó la práctica del Zen en 1987 y fue ordenada en 2007. Entrenó en el Templo Hosshinji en Japón, en el monasterio Zen de Tassajara y en el Centro Zen de San Francisco. Recibió la transmisión del Dharma en el linaje Shunryu Suzuki. Sirve como Maestra Principal de Ekan Centro de Estudios Zen, una Sangha virtual, y actualmente reside en Aloka Vihara Monasterio del Bosque, un centro de entrenamiento Theravada para monjas Budistas. ([https://www.sfzc.org/teachers/ven-dhammadipa-konin-cardenas Source Accessed April 25, 2024])-cardenas Source Accessed April 25, 2024]))
Reynolds, F. + (Reynolds, who died on Jan. 9 at age 88, wa … Reynolds, who died on Jan. 9 at age 88, was a leading expert in Theravada Buddhism, a religion predominantly practiced in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. He is remembered not only for his lasting impact on the field, but for his work as a teacher and mentor during his 34 years on the UChicago faculty. . . . An ordained Baptist minister, Reynolds, AM’63, PhD’71, spent three years teaching at a university in Thailand before becoming a UChicago graduate student. His experience working with Christians, Buddhists and Muslims in Bangkok led him to seek a non-sectarian, empirically oriented approach to religious studies. In 1967, Reynolds joined the faculty at the University of Chicago, where his interests ranged from Thai civic religion to religious studies in the liberal arts. But Reynolds was held in particularly high regard for his work to deepen knowledge of Theravada Buddhism. Reynolds held editorial responsibilities for various academic publications, including a decades-long stint as co-editor of the ''History of Religions Journal''. Along with wife Mani Bloch he published a translation of a 14th-century Thai Buddhist cosmology, ''The Three Worlds of King Ruang'' (1982). He retired in 2001 as Professor Emeritus of the History of Religions and Buddhist Studies in the Divinity School and the Department of South Asian Languages and Civilizations. In 2010, Reynolds received the Norman Maclean Faculty Award from UChicago in recognition of his outstanding contributions to teaching and to the student experience of life on campus. Reynolds’ mentorship extended to colleagues as well, with Doniger calling him “the finest teacher I’ve ever known.” ([https://news.uchicago.edu/story/frank-e-reynolds-leading-scholar-buddhism-and-revered-teacher-1930-2019 Adapted from Source Sept 16, 2020]))
Barron, R. + (Richard Barron is a Canadian-born translat … Richard Barron is a Canadian-born translator who specializes in the writings of Longchenpa. He has served as an interpreter for many lamas from all four schools of Tibetan Buddhism, including his first teacher, Kalu Rinpoche. He completed a traditional three-year retreat at Kagyu Ling in France and later became a close disciple of the late Chagdud Tulku Rinpoche. He was engaged in a long-term project to translate ''The Seven Treasuries'' of Longchenpa.His other translations include ''Buddhahood Without Meditation'', ''The Autobiography of Jamgön Kongtrul: A Gem of Many Colors'', and ''A Marvelous Garland of Rare Gems: Biographies of Masters of Awareness in the Dzogchen Lineage'' by Nyoshul Khen Rinpoche. ''The Autobiography of Jamgön Kongtrul'' was his first translation in the Tsadra Foundation Series published by Snow Lion Publications.eries published by Snow Lion Publications.)
Payne, R. + (Richard K. Payne is Dean and Yehan Numata … Richard K. Payne is Dean and Yehan Numata Professor of Japanese Buddhist Studies at the Institute of Buddhist Studies in Berkeley, California. A member of the doctoral faculty of the Graduate Theological Union, he is also a collaborating researcher with the Open Research Center for the Humanities, Science, and Religion at Ryukoku University in Kyoto, Japan. He is an ordained Shingon Buddhist priest.He is an ordained Shingon Buddhist priest.)
Fields, R. + (Rick Fields (1942–1999) was a journalist, … Rick Fields (1942–1999) was a journalist, poet, and leading authority on Buddhism's history and development in the United States.Mr. Field helped found ''Tricycle: The Buddhist Review'' in 1991 and had worked for the magazine as a contributing editor.Mr. Fields wrote several books, the best known of which is ''How the Swans Came to the Lake: A Narrative History of Buddhism in America'' (Shambhala, 1981).The book traces Buddhism's origins in the United States from Chinese railroad workers and American transcendentalists like Henry David Thoreau in the mid-19th century, to Japanese immigrants on the West Coast at the turn of the century, to the writer Alan Watts and Beat poets like Allen Ginsberg in the 1950's, to the mass popularity of Zen Buddhism and the introduction of Tibetan Buddhism in the 1960's and 70's.Fields was also the author of several other books, including ''Chop Wood, Carry Water'' and ''The Code of the Warrior''. ([https://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/11/us/rick-fields-57-poet-and-expert-on-buddhism.html Adapted from Source Dec 6, 2023]0ism.html Adapted from Source Dec 6, 2023]0)
Linrothe, R. + (Rob Linrothe is Associate Professor in the … Rob Linrothe is Associate Professor in the Department of Art History, Northwestern University. Through his field work, he has become a specialist in the Buddhist Art of the Himalayas. He has concentrated on the pre-modern mural painting of Ladakh and Zangskar (Indian Himalayas) and the contemporary revival ofmonastic painting in Amdo (China, Northeastern cultural Tibet). From 2002–2004, Prof. Linrothe served as the inaugural curator of Himalayan Art at the Rubin Museum of Art [RMA] which opened to the public in October of 2004. The catalog of the exhibition he curated (opening in January 2015 at Northwestern University’s Block Museum which will travel to the RMA) entitled ''Collecting Paradise: Buddhist Art of Kashmir and Its Legacies'', with contributions by Christian Luczanits and Mellissa R. Kerin. Ilford: WisdomBooks, 2015. ([https://brill.com/display/book/9789004307438/B9789004307438_001.xml Source Accessed Aug 1, 2023])7438_001.xml Source Accessed Aug 1, 2023]))
Aitken, R. + (Robert Baker Dairyu Chotan Aitken Rōshi (J … Robert Baker Dairyu Chotan Aitken Rōshi (June 19, 1917 – August 5, 2010) was a Zen teacher in the Harada-Yasutani lineage. He co-founded the Honolulu Diamond Sangha in 1959 together with his wife, Anne Hopkins Aitken. Aitken received Dharma transmission from Koun Yamada in 1985 but decided to live as a layperson. He was a socialist advocating social justice for homosexuals, women and Native Hawaiians throughout his life, and was one of the original founders of the Buddhist Peace Fellowship. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Baker_Aitken Source Accessed Feb 10, 2023])aker_Aitken Source Accessed Feb 10, 2023]))
Beer, R. + (Robert Beer has studied and practiced Tibe … Robert Beer has studied and practiced Tibetan thangka painting for thirty years, including five years of study with master artists Jampa of Dharamsala and Khamtrül Rinpoche of Tashijong. Beer is one of the first Westerners to become actively involved in this art form. Over the last two decades he has concentrated on an extensive series of iconographical drawings depicting the major deities, lineage holders, and symbols that occur in the spectrum of Tibetan art. (Source: [https://www.shambhala.com/the-encyclopedia-of-tibetan-symbols-and-motifs.html Shanbhala Publications])s-and-motifs.html Shanbhala Publications]))
Bluck, R. + (Robert Bluck teaches world religions as an … Robert Bluck teaches world religions as an Associate Lecturer at the Open University. He has been a practising Buddhist for over thirty years, and has conducted doctoral research into the teachings, practice and development of different forms of Buddhism in Britain. (Source: [https://www.routledge.com/British-Buddhism-Teachings-Practice-and-Development/Bluck/p/book/9780415483087 Routledge])ent/Bluck/p/book/9780415483087 Routledge]))
Morrell, R. + (Robert E. Morrell, taught Japanese literat … Robert E. Morrell, taught Japanese literature and Buddhism at Washington University in St. Louis for 34 years . . .Born Jan. 19, 1930, in Johnstown, Pa., Morrell earned a bachelor’s degree in music from Duquesne University in Pittsburgh in 1952. He served in the U.S. Navy during the Korean War and, for a time, considered the priesthood. But in 1954 he traveled to Japan, married Sachiko, and soon thereafter entered the University of Chicago philosophy program, earning a master’s degree in 1959.Morrell continued his studies at Stanford, completing a doctorate in Japanese language and literature in 1968. At Washington University, he joined the faculty of Arts & Sciences in 1965; was appointed associate professor in 1972; and full professor in 1987. He was named emeritus professor in 1999.An authority on Buddhist thought in classical Japanese literature, Morrell was author of “Early Kamakura Buddhism: A Minority Report” (1987), which focused on smaller and frequently overlooked Buddhist sects of the Kamakura period; and “Sand and Pebbles: The Tales of Muju Ichien, A Voice for Pluralism in Kamakura Buddhism” (1985), the first complete English rendering of Muju’s “Shasekishu” parables.In 2006, he and Sachiko Morrell — who worked in the university’s East Asian Library for 30 years — co-authored ''Zen Sanctuary of Purple Robes: Japan’s Tōkeiji Convent Since 1285''. The book traces the history of Tōkeiji, the famous Rinzai Zen convent, from its founding, through the Edo and Meiji periods, to the present day.Robert Morrell also co-authored, with Earl Miner and Hiroko Odagiri, ''The Princeton Companion to Classical Japanese Literature'' (1985); and, with J. Thomas Rimer, the ''Guide to Japanese Poetry'' (1975/84). He wrote numerous journal articles and book chapters, contributing to the classroom staple ''Sources of Japanese Tradition: From Earliest Times to 1600'' (2001), as well as ''Religions of Japan in Practice''(1999) and ''Great thinkers of the Eastern World'' (1995), among others. ([https://terebess.hu/zen/mesterek/Morrell.html Adapted from Source Aug 9, 2023])Morrell.html Adapted from Source Aug 9, 2023]))
Goldman, R. + (Robert Goldman is the William and Catherin … Robert Goldman is the William and Catherine Magistretti Distinguished Professor of Sanskrit and India Studies. He completed his doctoral studies at the University of Pennsylvania in 1971 and has taught and held fellowships and several academic institutions around the world, including the University of Rochester, Oxford University, Jadavpur University and Jawaharlal Nehru University. His areas of scholarly interest include Sanskrit literature and literary theory, Indian Epic Studies, and psychoanalytically oriented cultural studies. He has published widely in these areas, authoring several books and dozens of scholarly articles. He is perhaps best known for his work as the Director, General Editor, and a principal translator of a massive and fully annotated Princeton University Press translation of the critical edition of the ''Valmiki Ramayana'', perhaps the single most widely copied and massively influential text on the religions, literatures, societies politics and general cultures of the entire region of South and Southeast Asia from antiquity to the modern world. His work has been recognized by several awards, fellowships and prizes including election as a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1966), Citation and Award for Distinguished Teaching at the University of California at Berkeley (1974), Honorary Fellowship at Calcutta Sanskrit College (1992), Honorary Degree of "Vidyāsāgara" ("Ocean of Learning") by the Mandākinī Saṃskṛta Vidvat Pariṣad, New Delhi (1997), President’s Certificate of Honour for Sanskrit (International) (2013), Excellence in Teaching Award presented by the Phi Beta Kappa Northern California Association (2016), the World Sanskrit Award 2017 presented by the Indian Council for Cultural Relations, (2017) and the A.K. Ramanujan Translation Prize by the Association of Asian Studies (with Sally Sutherland Goldman) (2020). ([https://sseas.berkeley.edu/people/robert-p-goldman/ Source Accessed Feb 7, 2023])t-p-goldman/ Source Accessed Feb 7, 2023]))
Gassmann, R. + (Robert H. Gassmann is Professor emeritus o … Robert H. Gassmann is Professor emeritus of Sinology at Zurich University (Switzerland). He presided the Swiss Asia Society and was chief-editor of the quarterly ''Asiatische Studien/Etudes Asiatiques''. His fields of interest were language, history, and thought of Early China. ([https://brill.com/edcollbook/title/32218?contents=editorial-content Source Accessed July 6, 2023])ial-content Source Accessed July 6, 2023]))
Mayer, R. + (Robert Mayer joined the Oriental Institute … Robert Mayer joined the Oriental Institute in 2002, where he holds the posts of University Research Lecturer and Research Officer. He completed his BA (Hons) at Bristol, and his PhD at Leiden. His first job was Lecturer in Religious Studies at the University of Wales, followed by a Visiting Chair in Tibetology at the Humboldt University of Berlin from 1999 to 2001, and after a year in the Anthropology Department at Kent, he came to Oxford in October 2002. He has also twice been a Visiting Scholar at Wolfson College. He is a specialist in the rNying ma school of Tibetan Buddhism, and has published a number of books, monographs and articles, over twenty of them since 2006 for the current REF period, and mostly together with his wife and co-worker, Dr Cathy Cantwell. One of his goals is to clarify the early rNying ma period by studying the Dunhuang texts in context. Another goal is to improve the standards of philology and critical editing within Tibetan Studies. A third goal is to preserve, protect and describe the few surviving witnesses of the once much more plentiful ‘Ancient Tantra Collection’, or rNying ma’i rgyud ‘bum. A researcher by vocation, he and his wife Dr Cathy Cantwell have designed and directed several large research projects, mainly funded by the AHRC. However, he also occasionally teaches and takes graduate students, particularly if their interests overlap with his. Source: [https://ocbs.org/robert-mayer/ Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies]mayer/ Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies])
Zeuschner, R. + (Robert Zeuschner teaches Philosophy at Pas … Robert Zeuschner teaches Philosophy at Pasadena City College. He has taught in Departments of Philosophy at the University of California at Santa Barbara, Occidental College, and the Department of Asian Studies at the University of Southern California. He has also taught in the Department of Religion at the University of California at Riverside. He received his Ph.D. in Asian and Comparative Philosophy from the University of Hawaii at Manoa and taught philosophy courses at several Hawaiian institutions. He has published translations of Chinese Buddhist texts and numerous articles in philosophical journals. Dr. Zeuschner is the author of a descriptive bibliography of the works of Edgar Rice Burroughs and is assistant editor for the Burroughs Bulletin, the quarterly journal of the Edgar Rice Burroughs literary society. He has appeared on the A&E Biography series. Dr. Zeuschner has many interests. He has been a rare book collector since he was ll years old, and collects art, including Chinse calligraphy and sumi-e painting. He studies Japanaese Zen gardens in Kyoto, and please classical guitar and acoustic blues guitar styles. ([https://books.google.com/books/about/Classical_Ethics_East_and_West.html?id=coMzAAAACAAJ&source=kp_author_description Source Accessed June 14, 2023])author_description Source Accessed June 14, 2023]))
Whitfield, R. + (Roderick Whitfield is professor of Chinese and East Asian art and head of the Percival David Foundation of Chinese Art at the University of London.)
Devenish, R. + (Rodney P. Devenish (Karma Kunzang Palden R … Rodney P. Devenish (Karma Kunzang Palden Rinpoche) and his wife Lisa Devenish are co-founders of the Hermitage, and Lama has been teaching meditation there from the start, personally guiding individuals as they develop their meditation practice. His specialty is the Kagyü teaching of Mahāmudrā, which he received chiefly from his root master Karma Namgyal Rinpoche, but also from Trungpa Rinpoche, Kalu Rinpoche and a number of other Lamas. From those Lamas, and from His Holiness the 16th Karmapa, he received an array of Kagyü empowerments--particularly the Marpa lineage full crown empowerments of Śrī Vajradhara and Hevajra-ḍākiṇī-jālasaṃvara. Having completed both the Kagyü and Nyingma preliminary practices, he has further received the crowning empowerment of the Gūhyagarbha from Penor Rinpoche, late head of the Nyingmapa school, the Mindrolling Vajrasattva-cycle and Dzogchen instruction from Khenpo Palden Sherab Rinpoche, and the transmission of Vajrakīlāya from Khenpo Jigme Phuntsok Rinpoche (1933-2004). The Chöd practice of Jigme Lingpa was given by Khenchen Palden Sherab Rinpoche. During a ten year period as a celibate Buddhist monk, Lama Rodney spent his long winters in isolated meditation retreat in the snowy wilderness of the Rocky Mountains, where he completed the Kagyü practices given him by his teacher Namgyal Rinpoche, with particular focus on the Six Yogas of Nāropa and Mahāmudrā.As a Western Lama inspired by the broad interests of his teacher Karma Namgyal Rinpoche, Lama's teaching style is ecumenical and universalist, while remaining deeply rooted in the Kagyü tradition. Originally trained as an artist, he has studied many subjects extensively, including analytical psychology, psychotherapy, hypnotherapy, comparative religion, philosophy and classical metaphysics. He takes a non-dogmatic approach, believing that the essence of Dharma chiefly consists of personal self-enquiry, investigation of the nature of consciousness and the world in which we find ourselves, coupled with a persistent effort to establish love in the heart. Many students at the Hermitage have found Lama's method especially conducive for the rapid induction of blissful one-pointedness, the deep meditative state known as Samādhi. Students practice on their own, in the midst of nature, supported by frequent personal interviews with the teacher.uent personal interviews with the teacher.)
Llima, R. + (Roger Espel Llima nació en Barcelona, y es … Roger Espel Llima nació en Barcelona, y estudió matemáticas y lingüística en París y Clermont-Ferrand en Francia. Se formó en idioma tibetano y filosofía budista en el Rigpa Shedra East en Pharping, Nepal desde el año 2007. Ha traducido unos cuantos libros de budismo al español, y también tradujo el Libro tibetano de la vida y de la muerte al catalán. ([https://www.lotsawahouse.org/es/translators/roger-espel-llima/ Source Accessed Feb 9, 2023])espel-llima/ Source Accessed Feb 9, 2023]))
Barraux, R. + (Roland Barraux, born on August 12, 1928 in … Roland Barraux, born on August 12, 1928 in Menotey (Jura), is a French diplomat and writer.<h2>Biography</h2> He served in the Comoros Islands twice from 1954 to 1959 and then from 1967 to 1972 1 . He was French Ambassador to Africa , then to Afghanistan between 1981 and 1985 and finally to Nepal 2 between 1985 and 1990 . A writer, he is notably the author of Histoire des Dalaï-Lamas , a book translated into several languages.<h2>Publications</h2>''From Coral to Volcano: The Story of the Comoros Islands'', 2009 ''History of Nepal: the kingdom of the mountain with three names'', 2007, Éditions L'Harmattan, 2007, (ISBN 2296034918 and 9782296034914) With Andriamampionona Razafindramboa, ''Jean Laborde, a Gascon in Madagascar'', 1805-1878, Komedit, 2004. With Zalmaï Haquani, Sébastien Brabant, Marc Hecker, Paul Presset, Denis Rolland, ''Une vie d'Afghanistan'', L'Harmattan, 2006. ''The Knight of the Bastille: Joseph Arney'', 1762-1802, 2002. ''If I forget you Bamiyan: memories of my mission in Afghanistan 1981-1985'', Bamiyan Editions, 2002. ''History of the Dalai Lamas - Fourteen Reflections on the Lake of Visions'', preface by Dagpo Rinpoche, Albin Michel, 1993; republished in 2002, Albin Michel (ISBN 2226133178) ([https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_Barraux Source Accessed Feb 22, 2023])ichel (ISBN 2226133178) ([https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_Barraux Source Accessed Feb 22, 2023]))
Yoeli-Tlalim, R. + (Ronit Yoeli-Tlalim is Reader in History at … Ronit Yoeli-Tlalim is Reader in History at Goldsmiths, University of London, UK. She is the co-editor of ''Rashid al-Din: Agent and Mediator of Cultural Exchanges in Ilkhanid Iran'' (2013), ''Islam and Tibet: Interactions along the Musk Routes'' (2010) and ''Astro-Medicine: Astrology and Medicine, East and West'' (2008). ([https://www.google.com/search?q=Ronit+Yoeli-Tlalim&oq=Ronit+Yoeli-Tlalim+&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOdIBCDU2NGowajE1qAIAsAIA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 Source Accessed Dec 2, 2023])sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 Source Accessed Dec 2, 2023]))
Waldschmidt, R. + (Rose Leonore Marie Waldschmidt (née Ohrlic … Rose Leonore Marie Waldschmidt (née Ohrlich). Berlin 21.5.1895 — 1988. was a German Indologist. She was the daughter of Richard Ohrlich, auditor and tax consultant, and Katharina Herrmann. She was a textile designer and then specialized on the history of South Asian handicrafts. From 1927, she was the wife of Ernst Waldschmidt, whom she survived. In 1932-34 they were together in Sri Lanka and India. Their only son died in WW II. ([https://whowaswho-indology.info/23011/waldschmidt-rose-leonore/?print=print Adapted from Source Jan 30, 2024])t=print Adapted from Source Jan 30, 2024]))
Wiles, R. + (Royce Wiles is a Lecturer (Applied Buddhist Studies) at Nan Tien Institute in the Greater Sydney Area.)
Franke, R. + (Rudolf Otto Franke (born June 24, 1862 in … Rudolf Otto Franke (born June 24, 1862 in Wickerode ; † February 5, 1928 in Königsberg ) was a German Indologist .Franke initially attended elementary school in Questenberg for four years and from there moved to the Latina in Halle, an der Saale , after which, after graduating from high school there, he studied classical , German and Indian philology at the universities of Göttingen and Bonn . In 1885 he received his doctorate in Göttingen and his habilitation in Berlin in 1890. He then became a private lecturer there . In 1896 he accepted the position of associate professor at the University of Königsberg in the field of Sanskrit studies . From 1921 he was a full professor. Franke worked at the Albertina University in Königsberg until 1928. ([https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Otto_Franke Source Accessed Dec 14, 2023])Otto_Franke Source Accessed Dec 14, 2023]))
Read, R. + (Rupert Read is reader in philosophy at the … Rupert Read is reader in philosophy at the University of East Anglia, where he specializes in Wittgenstein, philosophy of the sciences, and environmental and political philosophy. His works include ''Applying Wittgenstein'' (2007) and ''There Is No Such Thing as a Social Science'' (2008). Perhaps his most famous book remains ''The New Wittgenstein'' (2000), an edited collection of essays.'' (2000), an edited collection of essays.)
Gamble, R. + (Ruth is an environmental, cultural and cli … Ruth is an environmental, cultural and climate historian of Tibet, the Himalaya, and Asia. She is writing her third book, a history of the Yarlung Tsangpo (Brahmaputra) River. Her previous books were on the relationship between sacred geography and the reincarnation tradition (Reincarnation in Tibetan Buddhism, OUP 2018) and a biography of the Third Karmapa (Master of Mahamudra, Shambhala 2020). She has also published numerous articles and book chapters on the region’s ecological politics, literatures, and histories. She completed her PhD in Asian Studies at the Australian National University, was a post-doctorate fellow at Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich, and a visiting fellow at Yale University’s School of Forestry & Environmental Studies. Before coming to La Trobe University, she taught Tibetan language studies and Asian Religions at the Australian National University. She was a David Myers Research Fellow at La Trobe and was recently awarded an Australian Research Council DECRA Fellowship to conduct research on the Himalayan Cryosphere. ([https://scholars.latrobe.edu.au/rgamble Source Accessed Oct. 31, 2023])edu.au/rgamble Source Accessed Oct. 31, 2023]))
Conlon, R. + (Ryan Conlon is a doctoral student of Class … Ryan Conlon is a doctoral student of Classical Indology at Hamburg University, where he studies Sanskrit and Tibetan tantric literature. From 2006 to 2019 he studied in Nepal at the Rangjung Yeshe Institute and in the Sangye Yeshe Shedra of Ka-Nying Shedrub Ling Monastery. He has contributed translations to the Dharmachakra Translation Committee, Samye Translations, and the scholarly collective known as the Yakherds.cholarly collective known as the Yakherds.)
Ryōgen + (Ryōgen (良源, 912 – January 31, 985) was the … Ryōgen (良源, 912 – January 31, 985) was the 18th chief abbot of Enryaku-ji in the 10th century. He is considered a restorer of the Tendai school of Mahayana Buddhism, and credited for reviving Enryaku-ji. His supposed role as a precursor of the sōhei, or "warrior monks," is questionable and seems to be a later invention (see Adolphson 2007). Ryōgen was born in the Omi Province in 912, and he began his practice at Mount Hiei in 923, becoming chief abbot in 966. Over the course of the 10th century, there had been a number of disputes between Enryaku-ji and the other temples and shrines of the Kyoto area, many of which were resolved by force. In 970, Ryōgen formed a small army to defend Enryaku-ji and to serve its interests in these disputes. Records are not fully clear on whether this army consisted of hired mercenaries, or, as would be the case later, trained monks. Most likely, this first temple standing army was a mercenary group, separate from the monks, since Ryōgen forbade monks from carrying weapons. In addition to the prohibition on carrying weapons, Ryōgen's monks were subject to a list of 26 articles released by Ryōgen in 970; they were forbidden from covering their faces, inflicting corporal punishment, violently interrupting prayer services, or leaving Mount Hiei during their twelve-year training. In 981 Ryōgen was appointed general administrator, the most important rank in priesthood. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dgen Source Accessed June 4, 2020])sed June 4, 2020]))
Ryōkan + (Ryōkan Taigu (良寛大愚) (1758 – 18 February 18 … Ryōkan Taigu (良寛大愚) (1758 – 18 February 1831) was a quiet and unconventional Sōtō Zen Buddhist monk who lived much of his life as a hermit. Ryōkan is remembered for his poetry and calligraphy, which present the essence of Zen life. He is also known by the name Ryokwan in English.also known by the name Ryokwan in English.)
Beal, S. + (Samuel Beal (27 November 1825, in Devonpor … Samuel Beal (27 November 1825, in Devonport, Devon – 20 August 1889, in Greens Norton, Northamptonshire) was an Oriental scholar, and the first Englishman to translate directly from the Chinese the early records of Buddhism, thus illuminating Indian history. [Beal] was born in Devonport, Devon, and went to Kingswood School and Devonport. He graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1847. He was the son of a Wesleyan minister, reverend William Beal; and brother of William Beal and Philip Beal who survived a shipwreck in Kenn Reef. From 1848 to 1850 he was headmaster of Bramham College, Yorkshire. He was ordained deacon in 1850, and priest in the following year. After serving as curate at Brooke in Norfolk and Sopley in Hampshire, he applied for the office of naval chaplain, and was appointed to H.M.S. ''Sybille'' (1847) during the China War of 1856–58. He was chaplain to the Marine Artillery and later to Pembroke and Devonport dockyards 1873–77. In 1857, he printed for private circulation a pamphlet showing that the Tycoon of Yedo (i.e. Tokugawa shōgun of Edo), with whom foreigners had made treaties, was not the real Emperor of Japan. In 1861 he married Martha Ann Paris, 1836–81. In September 1872 he was appointed to examine the Buddhist Chinese books in the India Office Library, London. Of the Chinese language books held by the library, Beale found 72 Buddhist compilations across 112 volumes. His research illustrated key philosophical differences between Indian and Chinese Buddhism. An example was the Chinese version of the Indian Mahāparinibbāṇa Sutta. Beale's exegesis of the Chinese narrative revealed a key doctrinal divergence from the Indian version, and therefore between Northern and Southern Asian Buddhism, namely that Nirvana is not the cessation of Being but its perfection. He retired from the navy in 1877, when he was appointed Professor of Chinese at University College, London. He was Rector of Falstone, Northumberland 1877–80; Rector of Wark, Northumberland 1880–88; and of Greens Norton, Northamptonshire, 1888–89. He was awarded DCL (Durham) in 1885 "in recognition of the value of his researches into Chinese Buddhism." Beale's reputation was established by his series of works which traced the travels of the Chinese Buddhists in India from the fifth to the seventh centuries AD, and by his books on Buddhism, which have become classics.In 1874, Beale requested a Japanese copy of the Chinese Buddhist Tripitaka, the sacred books of Chinese and Japanese Buddhists, from Japanese ambassador Iwakura Tomomi. The copy was deposited at the India Office Library in 1875. This was the first time that the work became available in the West. Beal finished cataloging the books in June 1876. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Beal Source Accessed Aug 16, 2021])Samuel_Beal Source Accessed Aug 16, 2021]))
Bercholz, S. + (Samuel Bercholz is the founder and editor-in-chief of Shambhala Publications.)
Thévoz, S. + (Samuel Thévoz received a Ph.D. in literatu … Samuel Thévoz received a Ph.D. in literature from the University of Lausanne and leads a three-year stand-alone project as an advanced researcher supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation. He is the author of ''Un horizon infini: Explorateurs et voyageurs français au Tibet, 1846–1912''. Paris: University Press of Paris-Sorbonne, 2010. He recently edited Marie de Ujfalvy-Bourdon, ''Voyage d’une Parisienne dans l’Himalaya'', Paris: Transboréal, 2014. ([https://heiup.uni-heidelberg.de/journals/index.php/transcultural/article/view/23541 Source Accessed Mar 8, 2023])e/view/23541 Source Accessed Mar 8, 2023]))
Boucher, S. + (Sandy Boucher, M.A., has practiced, writte … Sandy Boucher, M.A., has practiced, written about, and taught both Vipassana meditation and writing for 35 years. Her books focus particularly on women's contribution to Buddhism and participation in Buddhist institutions. She leads retreats exploring Creativity, the Feminine Divine, and Healing.Her latest book is ''She Appears! Encounters with Kwan Yin Goddess of Compassion'', a compendium of writings and artwork exploring a Western envisioning of the Celestial Bodhisattva of Compassion Kwan Yin. ([https://www.spiritrock.org/sandy-boucher#:~:text=Sandy%20Boucher%2C%20M.A.%2C%20has,the%20Feminine%20Divine%2C%20and%20Healing. Source Accessed Mar 22, 2023])%20Healing. Source Accessed Mar 22, 2023]))
Hinzelin, S. + (Sandy Hinzelin has a PhD in philosophy, sh … Sandy Hinzelin has a PhD in philosophy, she has taught Eastern and Western philosophy for several years in the philosophy department of the Blaise Pascal University in Clermont-Ferrand. She has also made numerous trips to India, Nepal and the United States for her research and practice. She is currently a research associate at PHIER (University of Clermont Auvergne). Her thesis "Tous les êtres sont des Bouddhas" was published by Sully Editions (2018). She has also published "Les 12 lois du karma" with Anaka (Jouvence, 2021), and translated into french "Joy of being" and "Time, Space and Knowledge: a new vision of reality" by the Tibetan master Tarthang Tulku.ity" by the Tibetan master Tarthang Tulku.)
Harding, S. + (Sarah Harding was born in Malibu in 1951 a … Sarah Harding was born in Malibu in 1951 and educated in Los Angeles, California. She studied English literature and anthropology at Prescott College in Arizona and earned a degree in Religious Studies from Naropa University in Boulder, Colorado. Sarah spent three years traveling through Europe, Africa, and Asia, and while abroad, she studied Tibetan language and culture for two years in Darjeeling, India, and in Kathmandu, Nepal. In 1974, Sarah returned to the United States to continue her studies in Tibetan culture and language. Her interests in Tibetan and Buddhist studies culminated in her participation in the first traditional three-year meditation and study retreat for Westerners, which was conducted entirely in Tibetan, under the guidance of Venerable Kalu Rinpoche, near Dijon, France.Between 1980 and 1992, Sarah served as a resident Dharma teacher and translator in Los Angeles and later in Santa Fe, New Mexico. She has done extensive oral translation internationally for such renowned teachers as Kalu Rinpoche, Chagdud Tulku, Tenga Rinpoche, Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso, Khenchen Thrangu Rinpoche, and Gangteng Rinpoche. Sarah is a founding member of the International Buddhist Translation Committee and a member of the Nalanda Translation Committee. Her prolific career as a translator includes more than thirty-five translations of traditional Buddhist texts, as well as the Tibetan Language Correspondence Course, co-authored with Jeremy Morrelli. From 1992 she was a faculty member in Buddhist Studies at Naropa University and is recently retired. Sarah continues to make her home in Boulder, where she is currently working on her next book. She has been a Tsadra Fellow since 2000. ([https://books.google.com/books?id=eBhgB0Xqr24C&pg=PA193&lpg=PA193&dq=Sarah+Harding+was+born+in+Malibu+in+1951+and+educated+in+Los+Angeles,+California.+She+studied+English+literature+and+anthropology+at+Prescott+College+in+Arizona+and+earned+a+degree+in+Religious+Studies+from+Naropa+University+in+Boulder,+Colorado.+Sarah+spent+three+years+traveling+through+Europe,+Africa,+and+Asia,+and+while+abroad,+she+studied+Tibetan+language+and+culture+for+two+years+in+Darjeeling,+India,+and+in+Kathmandu,+Nepal.+In+1974,+Sarah+returned+to+the+United+States+to+continue+her+studies+in+Tibetan+culture+and+language.+Her+interests+in+Tibetan+and+Buddhist+studies+culminated+in+her+participation+in+the+first+traditional+three-year+meditation+and+study+retreat+for+Westerners,+which+was+conducted+entirely+in+Tibetan,+under+the+guidance+of+Venerable+Kalu+Rinpoche,+near+Dijon,+France.&source=bl&ots=aeYb7bOnh-&sig=ACfU3U0wbLUpmQYmQ8kGJrpCPhiuFrEe9g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwihnZCTuuHqAhXIbc0KHZQ_AP8Q6AEwAXoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=Sarah%20Harding%20was%20born%20in%20Malibu%20in%201951%20and%20educated%20in%20Los%20Angeles%2C%20California.%20She%20studied%20English%20literature%20and%20anthropology%20at%20Prescott%20College%20in%20Arizona%20and%20earned%20a%20degree%20in%20Religious%20Studies%20from%20Naropa%20University%20in%20Boulder%2C%20Colorado.%20Sarah%20spent%20three%20years%20traveling%20through%20Europe%2C%20Africa%2C%20and%20Asia%2C%20and%20while%20abroad%2C%20she%20studied%20Tibetan%20language%20and%20culture%20for%20two%20years%20in%20Darjeeling%2C%20India%2C%20and%20in%20Kathmandu%2C%20Nepal.%20In%201974%2C%20Sarah%20returned%20to%20the%20United%20States%20to%20continue%20her%20studies%20in%20Tibetan%20culture%20and%20language.%20Her%20interests%20in%20Tibetan%20and%20Buddhist%20studies%20culminated%20in%20her%20participation%20in%20the%20first%20traditional%20three-year%20meditation%20and%20study%20retreat%20for%20Westerners%2C%20which%20was%20conducted%20entirely%20in%20Tibetan%2C%20under%20the%20guidance%20of%20Venerable%20Kalu%20Rinpoche%2C%20near%20Dijon%2C%20France.&f=false Adapted from Source July 22, 2020])'''Online Publications''': *[http://tsadra-wp.tsadra.org/2016/07/13/pha-dampa-sangye-and-the-alphabet-goddess/ Pha Dampa Sangye and the Alphabet Goddess: A Preliminary Study of the Sources of the Zhije Tradition]. Presented by Sarah Harding at the 2016 meeting of the International Association of Tibetan Studies (IATS) in Bergen, Norway*[http://magazine.naropa.edu/wisdom-traditions-fall-2017/features/glorious-naropa.php Nāropa’s Life of Liberation and Spiritual Song]*[http://tsadra-wp.tsadra.org/2014/04/28/did-machik-really-teach-chod/ Did Machik Lapdrön Really Teach Chöd? A Survey of the Early Sources]eally-teach-chod/ Did Machik Lapdrön Really Teach Chöd? A Survey of the Early Sources])
Lakshmikara + (Scholar who assisted in producing the first complete translation of the ''Mirror'' in about 1270, collaborating with Shong ston rdo rje rgyal mtshan. ([https://academic.oup.com/book/45656/chapter/398026442 Source Accessed Feb 2, 2024]))
Chenagtsang, N. + (See bio at Sorigkhang Portland's website [http://www.sorigkhangportland.org/dr-nida-chenagtsang/].)
Seizan, Y. + (Seizan Yanagida (聖山柳田, 19.12.1922 - 08.09 … Seizan Yanagida (聖山柳田, 19.12.1922 - 08.09.2006) was one the most important Japanese Buddhologists in the 20th century. He was born in a small mountain temple of the Rinzai-Zen School in the hamlet Inae near Kyōto (Japan). His major area of work was the research of Chinese Chan-Buddhism. Since the year 1960 he taught as a professor at the Institute for Buddhist Studies at Hanazono-University in Kyōto and after his retirement in 1986 he founded the IRIZ (International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism) in Kyōto, that became an important research institution for many Western Buddhologists, as well. In the course of his life Prof. Yanagida published 50 books and several hundred research papers. ([https://terebess.hu/zen/mesterek/YanagidaSeizan.html Source Accessed June 14, 2023])eizan.html Source Accessed June 14, 2023]))
Vermeersch, S. + (Sem Andre Claudine Vermeersch (born 1968 i … Sem Andre Claudine Vermeersch (born 1968 in Blankenberge) is a Belgian academician, editor, author, administrator and professor of Buddhism at Seoul National University.Vermeersch's undergraduate experience at the University of Ghent was followed by further studies at Anhui Normal University in China. In 1992, Vermeersch studied Korean at the Jungsin Cultural Research Center (now The Academy of Korean Studies) in Seoul. His PhD was conferred by the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) at the University of London. His 2001 doctoral thesis was entitled "The Power of Buddha."thesis was entitled "The Power of Buddha.")
Sengchou + (Sengchou 僧稠 (480-560), lived in monastery … Sengchou 僧稠 (480-560), lived in monastery by the name of Xianjusi (Tranquil Dwelling Monastery), whichhad once been the private villa of Emperor Xuanwudi (r. 499-515) of the Northern Wei dynasty. Seng Chou's meditation accomplishments were legendary and he had a profound influence on Chinese Buddhist history as a whole. He was a disciple of Buddhabhadra. whole. He was a disciple of Buddhabhadra.)
Sengzhao + (Sengzhao. (J. Sōjō; K. Sǔngjo 僧肇) (374-414 … Sengzhao. (J. Sōjō; K. Sǔngjo 僧肇) (374-414). Influential early Chinese monk and exegete, whose writings helped to popularize the works of the Madhyamaka school in China. Sengzhao is said to have been born into an impoverished family but was able to support himself by working as a copyist. Thanks to his trade, he was able to read through much of traditional Chinese literature and philosophy, including such Daoist classics as the ''Zhuangzi'' and ''Laozi'', and is said to have resolved to become a monk after reading the ''Vimalakīrtinirdeśa''. He later became a disciple of Kumārajīva and served as the Chinese-language stylistfor Kumārajīva’s translations. After Yao Xing (r. 394-416) of the Latter Qin dynasty (384-417) destroyed the state of Liang in 401, Sengzhao followed his teacher to Chang’an, where he and his colleague Sengrui (352-436) were appointed as two of the main assistants in Kumārajīva’s translation bureau there. YaoXing ordered them to elucidate the scriptures Kumārajīva had translated, so Sengzhao subsequently wrote his ''Bore wuzhi lun'' to explicate the ''Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikāprajñāpāramitāsūtra'' that Kumārajīva and his team had translated in 404. This and other influential treatises by Sengzhao were later compiled together as the Zhao lun. Sengzhao’s treatises and his commentary on the ''Vimalakīrtinirdeśa'' played a crucial role in the development of Mahāyāna thought in China. Sengzhao is treated retrospectively as a vaunt Courier in the San lun zong, the Chinese analogue of the Madhyamaka school, which was formally established some two centuries later by Jizang (549-623). The influential ''Baozang lun'' is also attributed to Sengzhao, although that treatise is probably a later work of the early Chan tradition. (Source: "Sengzhao." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 794. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Kim, Seongcheol + (Seong-cheol KIM is a member of the Department of Buddhist Studies, Dongguk University.)
Bhoil, S. + (Shelly Bhoil is a Brazil-based writer from … Shelly Bhoil is a Brazil-based writer from India. Her works include a poetry book ''An Ember from Her Pyre'' (Writers Workshop), and two reference books on Tibet—(co-editor) ''Negotiating Dispossession: Tibetan Subjectivities on the Global Stage'' and (editor) ''Resistant Hybridities: New Narratives of Exile Tibet'' (forthcoming)—published by Lexington Books. ([http://lifeandlegends.com/katyayani-translated-by-shelly-bhoil/ Source Accessed Mar 10, 2023])elly-bhoil/ Source Accessed Mar 10, 2023]))
Moriyama, Shinya + (Shinya Moriyama 護山真也 is an Associate Profe … Shinya Moriyama 護山真也 is an Associate Professor in the Department of Philosophy at Shinshu University in Japan. His main research interests lie in the Buddhist epistemology of Dharmakīrti and his followers. He has recently published a book entitled ''Omniscience and Religious Authority: A Study on Prajñākaragupta’s'' Pramāṇavārttikālaṅkārabhāṣya ''ad'' Pramāṇavārttika ''II 8-10 and 29-33'' (2014). ([https://www.buddhismuskunde.uni-hamburg.de/pdf/4-publikationen/hamburg-buddhist-studies/hamburgup-hbs03-authors-linradich-mirror.pdf Source Accessed June 29, 2020])mirror.pdf Source Accessed June 29, 2020]))
Okumura, S. + (Shohaku Okumura was born in Osaka, Japan i … Shohaku Okumura was born in Osaka, Japan in 1948. He is an ordained priest and Dharma successor of Kōshō Uchiyama Roshi in the lineage of Kōdō Sawaki Roshi. He is a graduate of Komazawa University and has practiced at Antaiji with Kōshō Uchiyama Roshi, Zuioji with Narasaki Ikkō Roshi in Japan, and Pioneer Valley Zendo in Massachusetts. He taught at Kyoto Sōtō Zen Center in Japan and Minnesota Zen Meditation Center in Minneapolis. He was the director of the Soto Zen Buddhism International Center (previously called Soto Zen Education Center) in San Francisco from 1997 to 2010.His previously published books of translation include ''Dōgen’s Extensive Record: A Translation of the Eihei Kōroku''; ''Shikantaza: An Introduction to Zazen''; ''Shōbōgenzō Zuimonki: Sayings of Eihei Dōgen Zenji''; ''Heart of Zen: Practice without Gaining-mind'' (previously titled ''Dōgen Zen''); ''Zen Teachings of "Homeless" Kōdō''; ''Opening the Hand of Thought''; ''The Whole Hearted Way: A Translation of Eihei Dōgen’s Bendōwa with Commentary by Kōshō Uchiyama Roshi''; and ''Dōgen’s Pure Standards for the Zen Community: A Translation of Eihei Shingi''. Okumura is also the editor of ''Dōgen Zen and Its Relevance for Our Time''; ''Soto Zen: An Introduction to Zazen''; and ''Nothing is Hidden: Essays on Zen Master Dōgen’s Instructions for the Cook''.He is the founding teacher of the Sanshin Zen Community, based in Bloomington, Indiana, where he lives with his family. (''Realizing Genjokoan'', about the author)''Realizing Genjokoan'', about the author))
Thrangu Rinpoche + (Short Biography of the Ninth Khenchen Thra … Short Biography of the Ninth Khenchen Thrangu Tulku, Karma Lodrö Lungrik Maway Senge: The Venerable Khenchen Thrangu Rinpoche was born in Kham, Tibet, in 1933. At the age of five, he was formally recognized by His Holiness the Sixteenth Karmapa and Tai Situpa as the ninth incarnation of the great Thrangu tulku. He entered Thrangu monastery, where, from the ages of seven to sixteen, he studied reading, writing, grammar, poetry, and astrology, memorized ritual texts, and completed two preliminary retreats. At sixteen, under the direction of Khenpo Lodro Rabsel, he began the study of the three vehicles of Buddhism while in retreat. At twenty-three he received full ordination from the Karmapa.Because of the Chinese military takeover of Tibet, Thrangu Rinpoche, then twenty-seven, was forced to flee to India in 1959. He was called to Rumtek monastery in Sikkim, where the Karmapa has his seat in exile. Because of his great scholarship and unending diligence, he was given the task of preserving the teachings of the Kagyu lineage; the lineage of Marpa, Milarepa, and Gampopa, so that one thousand years of profound Buddhist teachings would not be lost.He continued his studies in exile, and at the age of thirty-five he took the geshe examination before 1500 monks at Buxador monastic refugee camp in Bengal and was awarded the degree of Geshe Lharampa. Upon his return to Rumtek, he was awarded the highest Khenchen degree. Because many of the Buddhist texts in Tibet were destroyed, Thrangu Rinpoche helped in beginning the recovery of these texts from Tibetan monasteries outside of Tibet. He was named Abbot of Rumtek monastery and the Nalanda Institute for Higher Buddhist Studies at Rumtek. Thrangu Rinpoche, along with Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche, was one of the principal teachers at the Institute, training all the younger tulkus of the lineage, including The Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche, who was in the first class. He was also the personal tutor of the four principal Karma Kagyu tulkus: Shamar Rinpoche, Situ Rinpoche, Jamgon Kongtrul Rinpoche, and Gyaltsab Rinpoche. Thrangu Rinpoche established the fundamental curriculum of the Karma Kagyu lineage taught at Rumtek. In addition, he taught with Khenpo Karthar, who had been a teacher at Thrangu Rinpoche's monastery in Tibet before 1959, and who is now head of Karma Triyana Dharmachakra in Woodstock, New York, the seat of His Holiness Karmapa in North America.After twenty years at Rumtek, in 1976 Thrangu Rinpoche founded the small monastery of Thrangu Tashi Choling in Boudhanath, Kathmandu, Nepal. Since then, he has founded a retreat center and college at Namo Buddha, east of the Kathmandu Valley, and has established a school in Boudhanath for the general education of Tibetan lay children and young monks in Western subjects as well as in Buddhist studies. In Kathmandu, he built Tara Abbey, which offers a full dharma education for Tibetan nuns, training them to become khenpos or teachers. He has also established a free medical clinic in an impoverished area of Nepal.Thrangu Rinpoche recently completed a large, beautiful monastery in Sarnath, India, overlooking the Deer Park where the Buddha gave his first teaching on the Four Noble Truths. This monastery is named Vajra Vidya after the Sixteenth Gyalwa Karmapa, and it is now the seat for the annual Kagyu conference led by His Holiness the Seventeenth Karmapa. In January of this year, His Holiness the Dalai Lama came to Sarnath to perform a ceremony in the Deer Park with the Karmapa, Thrangu Rinpoche, and other high lamas.Around 1976, Thrangu Rinpoche began giving authentic Buddhist teachings in the West. He has traveled extensively throughout Europe, Asia, and the United States. In 1984 he spent several months in Tibet where he ordained over one hundred monks and nuns and visited several monasteries. In the United States, Thrangu Rinpoche has centers in Maine and California, and is currently building the Vajra Vidya Retreat Center in Crestone, Colorado. Highly qualified monks and nuns from Thrangu Rinpoche's monastery will give retreatants instruction in various intensive practices. He often visits and gives teachings in centers in New York, Connecticut, and Seattle, Washington. In Canada, he gives teachings in Vancouver and has a center in Edmonton. He is the Abbot of Gampo Abbey, a Buddhist monastery in Nova Scotia. He conducts yearly Namo Buddha seminars in the United States, Canada, and Europe, which are also part of a meditation retreat.Rinpoche has now taught in over twenty-five countries and has seventeen centers in twelve countries. He is especially known for making complex teachings accessible to Western students. Thrangu Rinpoche is a recognized master of Mahamudra meditation.Because of his vast knowledge of the Dharma and his skill as a teacher, he was appointed by His Holiness the Dalai Lama to be the personal tutor for His Holiness the Seventeenth Karmapa.(Source: [http://www.rinpoche.com/bio1.htm Rinpoche.com, Official Site of the 9th Khenchen Thrangu Rinpoche])For ''The Life of Thrangu Rinpoche with Pictures'' [http://www.rinpoche.com/life_of_TR_11_11_2015.pdf Click here].com/life_of_TR_11_11_2015.pdf Click here])
Śrīsiṃha + (Shri Singha was the chief disciple and suc … Shri Singha was the chief disciple and successor of Manjushrimitra in the lineage of the Dzogchen teachings. He was born in the Chinese city of Shokyam in Khotan and studied at first with the Chinese masters Hatibhala and Bhelakirti. In his Ocean of Wondrous Sayings, Guru Tashi Tobgyal adds that Shri Singha received a prophesy from Avalokiteshvara while traveling to Serling, telling him to go to the Sosaling charnel ground in order to be sure of the ultimate attainment. After many years Shri Singha met Manjushrimitra in the charnel ground of Sosaling, and remained with him for twenty-five years. Having transmitted all the oral instructions, the great master Manjushrimitra dissolved his bodily form into a mass of light. When Shri Singha cried out in despair and uttered songs of deep yearning, Manjushrimitra appeared again and bestowed him a tiny casket of precious substance. The casket contained his master's final words, a vital instruction named Gomnyam Drugpa, the Six Experiences of Meditation. Having received this transmission, Shri Singha reached ultimate confidence. In Bodhgaya he found the manuscripts of the tantras previously hidden by Manjushrimitra which he took to China where he classified the Instruction Section into four parts: the outer, inner, secret, and the innermost unexcelled sections. Among Shri Singha's disciples were four outstanding masters: Jnanasutra, Vimalamitra, Padmasambhava and the Tibetan translator Vairotsana. (Source: [https://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/Shri_Singha RY wiki])tsadra.org/index.php/Shri_Singha RY wiki]))
Balsys, B. + (Since the late 1960s Bodo Balsys has dedic … Since the late 1960s Bodo Balsys has dedicated his life to understanding the nature of consciousness and sharing his unique insights with others. He is a writer, a poet, an artist, a meditation teacher and healer. He has studied extensively across multiple fields of life. These include Esoteric science, meditation, healing, cosmology, Christianity, Buddhism, natural science, art, politics and history.Bodo has published multiple books. His first series, The Revelation (three volumes), was concerned with providing insights into fundamental esoteric subjects, and specifically providing an esoteric understanding of the Christian Bible. His more recent books focus on providing new insights into Buddhism and particularly their alignment with esoteric science. Bodo also holds a science degree from the University of Western Sydney. He is currently teaching at the School of Esoteric Sciences (near Sydney), which he established. ([https://www.universaldharma.com/about-us/our-teacher-bodo-balsys/ Source Accessed July 19, 2023])do-balsys/ Source Accessed July 19, 2023]))
Monier-Williams, M. + (Sir Monier Monier-Williams (12 November 1 … Sir Monier Monier-Williams (12 November 1819 – 11 April 1899) was a British scholar who was the second Boden Professor of Sanskrit at Oxford University, England. He studied, documented and taught Asian languages, especially Sanskrit, Persian and Hindustani. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monier_Monier-Williams Source Accessed Aug 15, 2023])er-Williams Source Accessed Aug 15, 2023]))
Stril-Rever, S. + (Sofia Stril-Rever has coauthored four book … Sofia Stril-Rever has coauthored four books with the Dalai Lama (including his My Spiritual Autobiography, translated in some twenty languages). With lawyers of the Paris Bar, international climate experts and renowned scientists, she has initiated the Better We Better World training program (www.betterwebetterworld.org) to tackle environmental and societal challenges with the practices of compassion and universal responsibility, promoted by the Dalai Lama as keys to human survival in thetwenty-first century. (Source: [https://www.harpercollins.com/blogs/authors/sofia-stril-rever-201882194450 HarperCollins Publishers])er-201882194450 HarperCollins Publishers]))
Bhum, Somtso + (Somtso Bhum is a PhD candidate at Northwestern University.)
Bsod nams dpal dren + (Sonam Peldren (bsod nam dpal 'dren) was bo … Sonam Peldren (bsod nam dpal 'dren) was born on the seventeenth day of the tenth month of the earth male-dragon year (either 1268 or 1328). Her mother was named Nezang Chotso (gnas bzang chos mtsho); her father was named Yondak Ngoli (yon bdag sngo li) and was a descendent of the Tong (stong) clan. She was born in a place called Tashipa Janggyab (bkra shis pa byang rgyab) in Dam Sho ('dam shod), in the Nol (snol) district of U (dbus), near the Nyenchen Tanglha mountain range (gnyen chen thang lha). Her birth name was Gego (ge god); sometime after her marriage at age seventeen she was renamed Sonam Peldren. She was the youngest of four children: she had two elder brothers named Azang (a 'zang) and Kunchog Gyab (dkon mchog skyabs), and one elder sister named Chokyi (chos skyid.)Little is known of the years between Sonam Peldren's birth and her marriage at age sixteen other than that her mother passed away, her father remarried, and that she was a calm child liked by all. When Sonam Peldren was seventeen years old, her father arranged her marriage, choosing from among three available suitors: Chakdor Kyab (phyag dor skyabs), described simply as a nomad from Kham, and who is more commonly known by the name Rinchen Pel; Ga Yar ('ga' yar), also described only as a nomad from Kham; and Pelek (dpal legs), described as the chief scribe (dpon yig) from a wealthy local family in central Tibet. Sonam Peldren's father, with the strong approval of his wife and extended family, betrothed Sonam Peldren to the scribe Pelek.Sonam Peldren, however, refused to marry the groom of her family's choice, and instead insisted that she marry Rinchen Pel, claiming that her union with Rinchen Pel was karmically predestined. Sonam Peldren's father, step-mother, sister, brothers, and several other relatives questioned Sonam Peldren's refusal to marry a wealthy man from central Tibet to marry instead a landless man from the "miserable region" (sdugs sa, sic) of Kham. Sonam Peldren's fiancé himself was appalled by the adamant refusal of his betrothed to follow her father's wishes, and eventually withdrew his offer of marriage. Sonam Peldren's family reluctantly returned the gifts received from the scribe and his family; after Rinchen Pel supplied his own gifts, the two were considered married. Following her death it was Rinchen Pel who would promote her teachings and visions, in part with a written narrative of her life.The biography of Sonam Peldren records only general stories about the events in Sonam Peldren's life between her marriage at age sixteen and the final months of her life before her death at age forty-four. Sonam Peldren lived as a nomad and traveled with her husband and fellow nomads, first in the central Tibetan region of U-Tsang (dbus gtsang) until she was thirty years old, and then in the "eight valley" region (brgyad shod) of eastern Tibet until her death. Sonam Peldren and Rinchen Pel had four children: two sons named Sonam Dondrub (bsod nams don 'grub) and Tsukdor Gyab (gtsug tor skyabs) and two daughters named Gumril or Gumrim (gum ril/m) and Sonam Kyi (bsod nams skyid) The birth order of these children, and Sonam Peldren's age at their birth, is not known.These years of travel are described in the biography as punctuated by Sonam Peldren's miracles and acts of generosity. For example, her biography recounts that Sonam Peldren gave nearly all of her clothing to beggars, opting to live in a simple cotton piece of clothing without shoes; it was said that while other members of her group developed frostbite underneath their thick clothing, Sonam Peldren, barefoot and wearing only a cotton tunic, walked unimpeded through the snow, melting it with her feet. Other examples of miracles attributed to Sonam Peldren include the following: when traveling over a snowy mountain pass, she dug a tunnel through the snow covering the mountain pass and traveled straight through to the other side, shocking the other nomads who traveled around the peak by reaching their destination first; she broke up a knife fight by grabbing four men in each of her hands and holding them apart until they ceased quarreling; when a bandit stole most of the nomadic group's horses in the middle of the night, she leapt onto the nearest remaining horse, raced down the road after the fleeing animals, and, grabbing the animals' manes with her left and right hands, led them back to camp; she carried the carcass of a fallen yak up a steep mountainside and back to her nomad encampment for their consumption; when the ice over a river broke beneath the feet of a pack animal, she yanked the yak out of the freezing water by its tail, pulling it to safety; she flung a load of barley off the back of one pack animal and onto another when the animal became lodged in a narrow pass; when a pack animal stumbled and fell over a rocky cliff, she reached down and pulled it up to safety.Without exception, the biography describes these episodes ending with Sonam Peldren glibly attributing her accomplishments to luck or fortuitous circumstances; for example, she explained that a huge wave had actually lifted the yak out of the freezing river. Also without exception, the biography records that her fellow nomads somehow failed to recognize Sonam Peldren's abilities.In the final year of her life, when she and her fellow nomads were traveling in a Ya Nga near what is now the city of Chamda (bya / lcam mda') in today's Driru ('bri ru) county in the Tibet Autonomous Region, Sonam Peldren gave increasingly explicit religious interpretations of her actions to Rinchen Pel, and described her dreams, visions, and premonitions of death.In particular, Sonam Peldren described recurring dreams and waking visions in which unnamed various female figures, each with their own retinue, appeared before her. Explaining that a plague would erupt in the nomad community if Sonam Peldren did not accompany them by the fifth month of that year, the female figures demanded that Sonam Peldren leave her nomad group and travel with them. Sonam Peldren interpreted these dreams and visions to mean that she would die in the fifth month.Following these visions and for the next several months, Sonam Peldren claimed to experience visions, gave increasingly lengthy teachings to Rinchen Pel about the religious nature of her identity and daily activities, and continued to express a conviction that her death was imminent and that relics would be found in her cremation ashes. Many of her teachings, which took the form of spontaneous songs (mgur), focused on basic Buddhist doctrines of impermanence, non-attachment, and so forth. Other speeches made reference to esoteric Buddhist practices and philosophies, such as the Mahāmudrā and other doctrines typically associated with the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism. These teachings were noteworthy given the absence of any religious training or practice up to that point, a topic which Sonam Peldren's husband, family, and community returned to repeatedly in their criticisms of her claims.On the predicted day of the fifth month of the water mouse year, Sonam Peldren declared that she was ready to die. According to her husband's account, she first claimed to see multi-colored maṇḍalas of dākinīs and tutelary deities in the sky, then conducted an offering ritual, and declared that she was ready "to go." Crying "Heek!" her body was said to have shot into the sky, then to have come down and bounced five times, each time higher. Finally, her corpse glowed with white light; gods and goddesses of light poured from her body, and accompanied her consciousness as it departed for a Buddha realm. The corpse descended slowly to earth and landed in a seated posture on the ground. A red drop appeared in the right nostril and a white drop in the left; when Rinchen Pel wiped the drops away with a flat rock, images of a red sow and a deity wearing a tiger skin appeared on the surface of the stone. Rainbows were seen, and that night visions of palaces and various mandalas filled the sky.The date of her death given in her biography is the twenty-third day of the fifth month of the water male-mouse year (1312 or 1372), meaning she would have been about forty-four years old.Upon cremation Sonam Peldren's skeleton was said to be found covered with images: ḍākinīs and dharma protectors; multiple images of Vajravārahī (known as Dorje Pakmo in Tibetan), Vajrāpaṇī, the Buddha Śākyamuni, Tārā, Vairocana, Cakrasaṃvara, Vajrasattva, Ratnasambhava, Amitābha, Maitreya, Vajrayoginī, Dīpaṃkara and Vajradhara. Also said to be visible were the thirty-two print and cursive letters of the Tibetan alphabet; multiple and variously-colored sows; an elephant, vajra, conch shell, fish, and bell; and the letter "Ah" as well as the syllable "Tam". On her pelvic bone were signs of the secret wisdom ḍākinī, a triangle, the syllable "Bam," a flower, two ḍākinīs, and three circles of mantras.For Rinchen Pel, Sonam Peldren's miraculous death vindicated her claims of religious authority; others in her community were not convinced. Beginning seven months after her passing, Rinchen Pel claimed to experience nine posthumous encounters with Sonam Peldren. The nature of these encounters varied. In some, Rinchen Pel asked questions, such as why Sonam Peldren's body had been ugly, inferior, and female during her lifetime; what he was supposed to do with the vast quantity of relics produced from her corpse; how Sonam Peldren had accrued religious knowledge in her lifetime despite no visible study or practice of religion; and what the meaning had been of Sonam Peldren's strange dreams, visions, songs and religious pronouncements in the last months of her life.In another posthumous vision, when Rinchen Pel retreated to a mountainside to petition Sonam Peldren for guidance about whether he should ordain as a monk, Sonam Peldren appeared and sang a verse about emptiness and the nature of mind. In two other visions, Sonam Peldren chastised Rinchen Pel for neglecting her relics, using them to get material gain for himself, and for letting others' doubts about the authenticity of the relics affect his presentation and explanation of them, an accusation which Rinchen Pel denied. In yet other visions, Sonam Peldren simply appeared in the form of Dorje Pakmo before Rinchen Pel, along with rainbows, ḍākinīs, unusual birds, Sanskrit letters on mountain peaks.Today Sonam Peldren is remembered as an exemplary female practitioner. A nunnery in Driru named Ya Nga Chamda Ganden Khacho Ling Nunnery (ya nga bya mda' btsun dgon dga' ldan mkha' phyod gling), called either Khacho Ling or Ganden Khacho Ling for short, stands on her death site; this nunnery contains a large wall mural depicting events from the lives of both Sonam Peldren and Rinchen Pel. Resident nuns perform and offering ritual to Sonam Peldren three times a month.Her legacy was strong enough that by the sixteenth or seventeenth century a text describing the history of Tibet's only female reincarnation lineage, the Samding Dorje Pakmo (bsam lding rdo rje phag mo), could name her as an early figure in the lineage, both an incarnation of Dorje Pakmo and a pre-incarnation of Chokyi Drolma, the First Samding Dorje Pakmo (bsam sdings rdo rje phag mo 01 chos kyi sgron ma, 1422-1467/1468). However, it is worthwhile to point out that at Ganden Khacho Ling she is not regarded as belonging to the Samding Dorje Pakmo incarnation line, nor is she considered to have been an incarnation of Dorje Pakmo.At least one twentieth-century woman claimed to be an incarnation of Sonam Peldren: Khandro Kunsang (mkha' 'gro kun bzang, d. 2004), a woman affiliated with the Kagyu tradition who gained great regional fame as a tantric practitioner and healer.Source [http://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/bsod-nam-dpal-dren//13196]iographies/view/bsod-nam-dpal-dren//13196])
Srong btsan sgam po + (Songtsen Gampo was the first of Tibet's th … Songtsen Gampo was the first of Tibet's three great religious kings and was an emanation of the bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara. It was during his reign that the first Buddhist temples in Tibet, the Rasa Trulnang (future Jokhang) and the Ramoche, were built. He married the Nepalese princess Bhrikuti and the Chinese princess Wencheng. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Songtsen_Gampo Rigpa Wiki])ndex.php?title=Songtsen_Gampo Rigpa Wiki]))
Kidd, S. + (Sophie Francis Kidd has worked as a lecturer in the English department of the University of Vienna. She has translated the work of Erich Frauwallner in ''Studies in Abhidharma Literature and the Origins of Buddhist Philosophical Systems'' (SUNY 1995).)
Zhu chen gyi lo tsA ba ting 'dzin bzang po + (Source language scholar, reviser, translator.)
Hanna, S. + (Span Hanna began studying Modern Standard … Span Hanna began studying Modern Standard Chinese (Putonghua, or Mandarin) in 1983 at the University of Adelaide as part of a B.A. degree. He followed this up with private study and lived and worked in China on two occasions for a total of four years. The latter experience broadened his knowledge of the language and gave him a considerable understanding of its use in Chinese society and culture. Since returning to Australia in 1993 he has maintained an interest in Chinese matters while working primarily as a schoolteacher. ([https://www.linkedin.com/in/span-hanna-99804355/?originalSubdomain=au Adapted from Source Nov 29, 2023])main=au Adapted from Source Nov 29, 2023]))
Schayer, S. + (Stanislaw Schayer (born May 8, 1899 in Sęd … Stanislaw Schayer (born May 8, 1899 in Sędziszów, Poland, died December 1, 1941 in Otwock, Poland) was a linguist, Indologist, philosopher, professor at the University of Warsaw. In 1922, he founded, and was the first director, of the Institute of Oriental Studies at the University of Warsaw. He was a member of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Warsaw Scientific Society. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislaw_Schayer Source Accessed Aug 24, 2023])law_Schayer Source Accessed Aug 24, 2023]))
Tambiah, S. + (Stanley Jeyaraja Tambiah (16 January 1929– … Stanley Jeyaraja Tambiah (16 January 1929– 19 January 2014) was a social anthropologist and Esther and Sidney Rabb Professor (Emeritus) of Anthropology at Harvard University. He specialised in studies of Thailand, Sri Lanka, and Tamils, as well as the anthropology of religion and politics. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Jeyaraja_Tambiah Source Accessed Apr 17, 2023])aja_Tambiah Source Accessed Apr 17, 2023]))
Marlan, S. + (Stanton Marlan, Ph.D., ABPP, FABP is an Am … Stanton Marlan, Ph.D., ABPP, FABP is an American clinical psychologist, Jungian psychoanalyst, author, and educator. Marlan has authored or edited scores of publications in Analytical Psychology (Jungian Psychology) and Archetypal Psychology. Three of his more well-known publications are ''The Black Sun''. ''The Alchemy and Art of Darkness'', ''C. G. Jung and the Alchemical Imagination'', and ''Jung's Alchemical Philosophy''. Marlan is also known for his polemics with German Jungian psychoanalyst Wolfgang Giegerich. Marlan co-founded the Pittsburgh Society of Jungian Analysts and was the first director and training coordinator of the C. G. Jung Institute Analyst Training Program of Pittsburgh. Currently, Marlan is in private practice and serves as adjunct professor of Clinical Psychology at Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanton_Marlan Source Accessed June 14, 2023])ton_Marlan Source Accessed June 14, 2023]))
Anacker, S. + (Stefan Anacker born in the USA of Swiss pa … Stefan Anacker born in the USA of Swiss parents received his doctorate at the University of Wisconsin in Buddhist studies. He has also studied Sankrit and Old Kannada at the University of Mysore. At present he is a research scholar living in Lausanne Switzerland. ([https://www.namsebangdzo.com/Seven-Works-of-Vasubandhu-Anacker-p/11903.htm Source Accessed Feb 13, 2023])p/11903.htm Source Accessed Feb 13, 2023]))
Mang, S. + (Stefan Mang, a student of Tibetan Buddhism … Stefan Mang, a student of Tibetan Buddhism since 2004, has been studying Buddhist philosophy and literary Tibetan since 2010 at Rigpa Shedra East in Nepal. From 2011 until 2018 he studied at the Rangjung Yeshe Institute in Kathmandu, where he completed his BA and MA degrees. He works with Lhasey Lotsawa Translations and Publications, their Nekhor project, Lotsawa House, and 84000. (Source: [https://samyeinstitute.org/instructors/stefan-mang/ Samye Institute, Accessed August 28, 2023].)mye Institute, Accessed August 28, 2023].))
Zacchetti, S. + (Stefano Zacchetti (1968 – April 29, 2020) … Stefano Zacchetti (1968 – April 29, 2020) was an Italian academic specialising in Buddhist studies. From 2012 until his death in 2020 he was Yehan Numata Professor of Buddhist Studies at the University of Oxford and a professorial fellow of Balliol College, Oxford.Born in 1968, Zacchetti studied Chinese and Sanskrit at Ca' Foscari University of Venice from 1986 to 1994, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree; this included two years of study abroad, at Sichuan University (1990–92). He then carried out doctoral studies at Venice and spent time studying at the Sinologisch Instituut and the Kern Institute at Leiden University. Ca' Foscari University of Venice awarded him a PhD in Asian Studies in 1999.Zacchetti taught Sinology at University of Padua for the 1999–2000 academic year. In 2001, he was appointed an associate professor at the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Sōka University in Tokyo. He returned to Ca' Foscari University of Venice in 2005 to take up a tenured lectureship in the Department of Asian and North African Studies. In the autumn of 2011 he was a visiting professor at the University of California, Berkeley. In 2012, he was appointed Yehan Numata Professor of Buddhist Studies at the University of Oxford and a professorial fellow of Balliol College, Oxford.Zacchetti died on 29 April 2020 from COVID-19. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefano_Zacchetti Source Accessed Aug 11, 2023])o_Zacchetti Source Accessed Aug 11, 2023]))
Teiser, S. + (Stephen F. Teiser is D. T. Suzuki Professo … Stephen F. Teiser is D. T. Suzuki Professor in Buddhist Studies and Professor of Religion in the Department of Religion at Princeton University. His work traces the interaction between cultures using textual, artistic, and material remains from the Silk Road, specializing in Buddhism and Chinese religions. His forthcoming monograph from Sanlian Publishers, based on the 2014 Guanghua Lectures in the Humanities at Fudan University, is entitled 儀禮與佛教研究 (Ritual and the Study of Buddhism). He also serves as Director of Princeton’s interdepartmental Program in East Asian Studies, and in 2014 he received the Graduate Mentoring Award in the Humanities from Princeton University’s McGraw Center for Teaching and Learning,Teiser’s previous work appeared in three monographs: ''Reinventing the Wheel: Paintings of Rebirth in Medieval Buddhist Temples'' (2006), awarded the Prix Stanislas Julien by the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, Institut de France; ''"The Scripture on the Ten Kings" and the Making of Purgatory in Medieval Chinese Buddhism'' (1994), awarded the Joseph Levenson Book Prize (pre-twentieth century) in Chinese Studies by the AAS; and ''The Ghost Festival in Medieval China'' (1988), awarded the prize in History of Religions by the ACLS. He has also edited several books, including ''Readings of the Platform Sūtra'' (2012) and ''Readings of the Lotus Sūtra'' (2009).He is currently Co-Principal Investigator on “Dunhuang Art and Manuscripts,” a four-year project of conferences and publications on Buddhist art and manuscripts of the Silk Road, with primary funding from the Henry Luce Foundation, and he serves on the Steering Committee of “From the Ground Up: East Asian Religions through Multi-media Sources and Interdisciplinary Perspectives,” a SSHRC/Canada partnership grant based at University of British Columbia. From 2005 to 2008 he was Director of the Tibet Site Seminar, an interdisciplinary project for teaching Ph.D. students in the fields of Art History and Buddhist Studies. Prior to that he was a member of the research project on “Merit, Opulence, and the Buddhist Network of Wealth,” sponsored by Northwestern University and the Dunhuang Research Academy in 1999-2001; and a member of the research group on Buddhist texts, Centre de Recherche sur les Manuscrits, Inscriptions, et Documents Iconographiques de Chine, sponsored by CNRS, Paris, 1996-2005.Stephen F. Teiser studied for his A.B. at Oberlin College (Ohio) and received his M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from Princeton University. He has held teaching appointments at Middlebury College and University of Southern California, and has been visiting professor at École pratique des Hautes Études (Paris), Heidelberger Akadamie der Wissenschaften, and Capital Normal University 首都師範大學 (Beijing). He has received fellowships and grants from American Council of Learned Societies, E. Rhodes and Leona B. Carpenter Foundation, Chiang Ching-Kuo Foundation, Robert H.N. Ho Family Foundation, Henry Luce Foundation, Andrew Mellon Foundation, National Endowment for the Humanities, Silkroad Foundation, Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada, and Social Science Research Council.nada, and Social Science Research Council.)
Gethin, S. + (Stephen Gethin studied veterinary medicine … Stephen Gethin studied veterinary medicine at Cambridge University, where he was also awarded a choral exhibition. After a number of years in professional practice, he spent much of the 1980s undertaking two three-year retreats in France, where he now lives and, as a founding member of the Padmakara Translation Group, continues to translate. He became a Tsadra Foundation Translation Fellow in 2005. His published translations include Nagarjuna’s ''Letter to a Friend'', ''Zurchungpa’s Testament'', Dudjom Rinpoche’s ''A Torch Lighting the Way to Freedom'', and Jamgön Mipham’s commentaries on Padmasambhava’s ''Garland of Views'' and the ''Mahāyāna-sūtrālaṃkāra''. He is currently working on a detailed preliminary practice commentary by Shechen Gyaltsap and on a volume of Jamgön Kongtrul’s ''Treasury of Precious Instructions''. ([https://www.colorado.edu/event/lotsawa/presenters/stephen-gethin Source Accessed Sept 18, 2020])hen-gethin Source Accessed Sept 18, 2020]))
Bokenkamp, S. + (Stephen R. Bokenkamp specializes in the st … Stephen R. Bokenkamp specializes in the study of medieval Chinese Daoism, with a special emphasis on its literatures and its relations with Buddhism. He is author of "Early Daoist Scriptures and Ancestors and Anxiety" as well as more than 35 articles and book chapters on Daoism and literature. Among his awards are the Guggenheim Award for the Translation of a medieval Daoist text and a National Endowment for the Humanities Translation grants. In addition to his position at Arizona State, he has taught at Indiana University, Stanford University, and short courses for graduate students at Princeton and Fudan Universities. He was also part of the National 985 project at the Institute of Religious Studies, Sichuan University from 2006-2013.柏夷（加州大學伯克萊分校博士，1986年）教授，專長于中國六朝隋唐道教史，特別關注中古道教文獻和佛道關係。在其漫長的學術生涯中，他出版了《早期道教經典》和《祖先與焦慮》兩部專著以及超過三十五篇學術論文。他的研究貢獻為其贏得了許多榮譽和獎項，比如古根海姆獎、美國國家人文基金會基金等等。除了在亞利桑那州立大學任教之外，他此前曾任教于印第安納大學、斯坦福大學，並在普林斯頓大學、復旦大學為研究生開設短期密集討論班。他也是2006-2013年四川大學國家九八五項目工程特聘海外專家。([https://search.asu.edu/profile/1078874 Source Accessed June 20, 2023])le/1078874 Source Accessed June 20, 2023]))
Laycock, S. + (Steven Laycock is Associate Professor of P … Steven Laycock is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Toledo. He is co-editor of ''Essays for a Phenomenological Theology''. An active member of the Buddhist Society for Compassionate Wisdom, he has, for many years, been engaged in Buddhist meditative practice.n engaged in Buddhist meditative practice.)
Manshu, S. + (Su Manshu (traditional Chinese: 蘇曼殊; simpl … Su Manshu (traditional Chinese: 蘇曼殊; simplified Chinese: 苏曼殊; pinyin: Sū Mànshū, 1884–1918) was a Chinese writer, poet, painter, revolutionist, and translator. His original name was Su Xuanying (Chinese: 蘇玄瑛; pinyin: Sū Xuányīng), Su had been named as a writer of poetry and romantic love stories in the history of early modern Chinese literature. But he was most commonly known as a Buddhist monk, a poetry monk, "the monk of sentiment" (pinyin: qing seng; simplified Chinese: 情僧), and "the revolutionary monk" (pinyin: gem-ing seng; simplified Chinese: 革命僧). Su was born out of wedlock in Yokohama, Japan in 1884. His father was a Cantonese merchant, and his mother was his father's Japanese maid. His ancestral home was in Zhongshan city, Guangdong Province, China. He died at the age of 34 due to a stomach disease in Shanghai. Su had a good master of painting and language. He mastered many languages — English, French, Japanese and Sanskrit. In 1896, he went to Shanghai with his uncle and aunt to study in the British con-cession when he was thirteen years old. Later, in 1898, he went to Japan to study at the School of Universal Harmony (Da Tong School 大同學校) in Yokohama, Japan. In 1902, he continued to study in the special program for Chinese students at Waseda University ( 早稻田大學 ).He became a Buddhist monk three times during his life; once at the age of 12 in 1895, later in 1899, and again in 1903, and adopted Su Manshu as a Buddhist name. He studied in Japan and traveled to many Buddhist countries including India, and Java. In 1895, Su fell ill and nearly died due to neglect of care from his family, which resulted in him resorting Buddhism. However, Su did not follow the rules of Buddhism so he was expelled. In 1898, Su suffered a serious setback in his romantic relationship with a Japanese girl named Jingzi. Jinzi's family forced her to leave Su, but she could not bear the great pressure and soon died. After facing the suffering, Su resorted to Buddhism again as a spiritual consolation for a short period. In 1913, Su felt disappointed about the political and social status, which the Qing government perpetually banned anti-government remarks in the revolutionary newspaper. So he returned to the temple in Guangdong for the rest of his life.Su was the most famous prose translator and his masterworks include Selected poems of Byron and ''Les Miserables''. In 1903, he serialized his incomplete translation of ''Les Miserable World'' in ''The China National Gazette (國民日日報)'' and then published it in 1904. Su also translated quite a few poems by foreign romantic poets from Lord Byron and then published a collection of the translations entitled ''Selected Poems of Byron (拜倫詩選)'' in 1908. In 1911, some of these translations were published again in an anthology entitled ''Chao Yin (Voice of the Tide)''. In 1911 or 1912, Su wrote and published his first as well as a most celebrated semi-autobiographical romance novel, ''Duan Hong Ling Yan Ji (The Lone Swan)''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su_Manshu Source Accessed July 21, 2023])/Su_Manshu Source Accessed July 21, 2023]))
Shapiro, Sue + (Sue A. Shapiro, Ph.D., is a clinical psych … Sue A. Shapiro, Ph.D., is a clinical psychologist in private practice since 1978. She is a clinical consultant and faculty member at the NYU Postdoctoral Program in Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis, and one of the co-founders of the Contemplative Studies Project. She is also the Founder and Director Emeritus of the Trauma Center at the Manhattan Institute for Psychotherapy. She has supervised doctoral students in clinical psychology at New York University, City University, and Psychology Interns at Bellevue Hospital.Sue Shapiro has a wide variety of interests and is the author of articles on sexual abuse, gender issues in transference and countertransference, the socio/cultural context of psychoanalytic theory and theorists, embodiment, and issues surrounding mortality, especially as they pertain to the relationship between analyst and patient. Throughout her career she has pursued a multidisciplinary approach to the understanding and treatment of psychological problems, especially as this relates to those with more severe disturbances. She is an associate editor of Studies in Gender and Sexuality and Contemporary Psychoanalysis. ([https://www.cspofnyc.com/sue-a-shapiro Source Accessed Nov 15, 2023])e-a-shapiro Source Accessed Nov 15, 2023]))
Surendrabodhi + (Surendrabodhi (Wyl. lha dbang byang chub) … Surendrabodhi (Wyl. lha dbang byang chub) was an Indian paṇḍita who came to Samye at the time of Trisong Deutsen. The following information has been complied by Dan Martin:* One of the Indian teachers invited to Tibet in time of Emperor ral pa can (early 9th century). See the shorter Lde'u history (p. 135), where the name is spelled su len tra bo de.* In list of South Asian pundits in bu ston's History (1989), p. 280.7.* In list of imperial period pundits in Tibet contained in zhu chen, bstan 'gyur dkar chag, p. 158, line 19.* Stog Palace catalogue, index.* su randra bodhi. Translator in time of Emperor Ral pa can. Padma dkar po, Chos 'byung, p. 331.* Biographical Dictionary of Tibet and Tibetan Buddhism, vol. 1, p. 565. Surendrabodhi — in Tibetan translation, Lha dbang byang chub — in time of Ral pa can. Mtshan tho, no. 18. ([http://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/Surendrabodhi Source Accessed Aug 18, 2020])endrabodhi Source Accessed Aug 18, 2020]))
Aranya, H. + (Swami Hariharananda Aranya (1869–1947) was … Swami Hariharananda Aranya (1869–1947) was a yogi, author, and founder of Kapil Math in Madhupur, India, which is the only monastery in the world that actively teaches and practices Samkhya philosophy. His book, ''Yoga Philosophy of Patanjali with Bhasvati'', is considered to be one of the most authentic and authoritative classical Sanskrit commentaries on the Yoga Sutras. Hariharananda is also considered by some as one of the most important thinkers of early twentieth-century Bengal.Hariharananda came from a wealthy Bengali family and after his scholastic education renounced wealth, position, and comfort in search of truth in his early life. The first part of his monastic life was spent in the Barabar Caves in Bihar, hollowed out of single granite boulders bearing the inscriptions of Emperor Ashoka and very far removed from human habitation. He then spent some years at Tribeni, in Bengal, at a small hermitage on the bank of the Ganges and several years at Haridwar, Rishikesh, and Kurseong.His last years were spent at Madhupur in Bihar, where according to tradition, Hariharananda entered an artificial cave at Kapil Math on 14 May 1926 and remained there in study and meditation for last twenty-one years of his life. The only means of contact between him and his disciples was through a window opening. While living as a hermit, Hariharananda wrote numerous philosophical treatises. Some of Hariharananda's interpretations of Patañjali's Yoga system had elements in common with Buddhist mindfulness meditation. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Hariharananda_Aranya Source Accessed May 1, 2023])nanda_Aranya Source Accessed May 1, 2023]))
Thornton, S. + (Sybil Thornton's research focuses on three … Sybil Thornton's research focuses on three interrelated areas of Japanese narrative: medieval Buddhist propaganda, late-medieval epic, and the period film. In addition to several articles and book chapters, she is the author of ''Charisma and Community Formation in Medieval Japan: The Case of the Yugyo-ha (1300-1700)'' and of the 2007 Japanese Period Film: ''A Critical Analysis''. She is now working on a translation and study of the c. 1400 Meitokuki, the second of a proposed series of five late-medieval Japanese epics and an article on the fabricated earthquake report as a type scene in the Japanese epic. ([https://search.asu.edu/profile/53371 Source Accessed June 2, 2023])ofile/53371 Source Accessed June 2, 2023]))
Yamasaki, T. + (Taiko Yamasaki . . . is abbot of Jokoin Te … Taiko Yamasaki . . . is abbot of Jokoin Temple in Kobe, Japan, and Dean of the Department of Esoteric Instruction at Shuchi-in University in Kyoto, Japan. He is one of the worlds recognized experts in Ajikan and other forms of Meditation. ([http://www.shingon.org/sbii/books/ShingonJEB.html Adapted from Source Nov 20, 2023])EB.html Adapted from Source Nov 20, 2023]))
Schiaffini-Vedani, P. + (Teaches Chinese at Southwestern University, Directs Non-Profit Organization Tibetan Arts and Literature Initiative. ([https://www.linkedin.com/in/patricia-schiaffini-58880590/ Source Accessed Mar 10, 2023]))
Bardor Rinpoche, 1st + (Terchen Barway Dorje (1st Bardor Rinpoche, … Terchen Barway Dorje (1st Bardor Rinpoche, 1836-1918) was a student of the 9th Tai Situ Rinpoche, the 14th Karmapa, Chokgyur Dechen Lingpa, and many other masters of his time.Initially associated with Surmang Monastery of which he was a recognized tulku (Shartse Rinpoche of Surmang), Terchen Barway Dorje devoted a good portion of his life to reviving of the lost teachings of the Barom Kagyu. He was also known as a revealer of terma (treasures) of which he discovered nine volumes.The treasures discovered by Terchen Barway Dorje had been concealed by two of Guru Rinpoche’s principal disciples—Nupchen Sangye Yeshe and Yeshe Tsogyal. Terchen Barway Dorje was an emanation of both of them.Toward the end of his life, Terchen Barway Dorje founded Raktrul Monastery in eastern Tibet.The writings of Terchen Barway Dorje consist of fourteen volumes. Of these, nine volumes are his revelations or termas, three volumes are his collective writings or compositions, one volume is his autobiography, and the one volume is his collective songs of instruction.The autobiography of Terchen Barway Dorje has been translated into English and published by KTD Publications as ''Precious Essence: The Inner Autobiography of Terchen Barway Dorje''. His collective songs of instruction have been published as ''Treasury of Eloquence: The Songs of Barway Dorje''.of Eloquence: The Songs of Barway Dorje''.)
Bartholomeusz, T. + (Tessa J. Bartholomeusz was Professor of Re … Tessa J. Bartholomeusz was Professor of Religion at the Florida State University, Tallahasee. Her work concentrated on gender, religious identity and most recently, on Buddhism in America. ([https://www.routledge.com/In-Defense-of-Dharma-Just-War-Ideology-in-Buddhist-Sri-Lanka/Bartholomeusz/p/book/9780700716821 Source Accessed Feb 22, 2023])80700716821 Source Accessed Feb 22, 2023]))
Dzogchen Ponlop, The 7th + (The 7th Dzogchen Ponlop (Karma Sungrap Nge … The 7th Dzogchen Ponlop (Karma Sungrap Ngedön Tenpa Gyaltsen, born 1965) is an abbot of Dzogchen Monastery, founder and spiritual director of Nalandabodhi, founder of Nītārtha Institute for Higher Buddhist Studies, a leading Tibetan Buddhist scholar, and a meditation master. He is one of the highest tülkus in the Nyingma lineage and an accomplished Karma Kagyu lineage holder.Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche was born in 1965 at Rumtek Monastery (Dharma Chakra Center) in Sikkim, India. His birth was prophesied by the supreme head of the Kagyu lineage, Rangjung Rigpe Dorje, 16th Karmapa, to Ponlop Rinpoche's parents, Dhamchö Yongdu, the General Secretary of the Sixteenth Gyalwang Karmapa, and his wife, Lekshey Drolma. Upon his birth, he was recognized by the 16th Gyalwang Karmapa as the seventh in the line of Dzogchen Ponlop incarnations and was formally enthroned as the Seventh Dzogchen Ponlop at Rumtek Monastery in 1968.[1]After receiving Buddhist refuge and bodhisattva vows from the 16th Gyalwang Karmapa, Dzogchen Ponlop was ordained as a novice monk in 1974. He subsequently received full ordination and became a bhikṣu, although he later returned his vows and is now a lay teacher.Rinpoche received teachings and empowerments from the 16th Gyalwang Karmapa, Dilgo Khyentse, Kalu Rinpoche, Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, Khenchen Thrangu Rinpoche (chief Abbot of the Kagyu lineage), Alak Zenkar Rinpoche, and Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche, his root guru.Ponlop Rinpoche began studying Buddhist philosophy at the primary school in Rumtek at age 12. In 1979 (when Rinpoche was fourteen), the 16th Karmapa proclaimed Ponlop Rinpoche to be a heart son of the Gyalwang Karmapa and a holder of his Karma Kagyu lineage. In 1980 on his first trip to the West, he accompanied the Sixteenth Gyalwang Karmapa to Europe, United States, Canada, and Southeast Asia. While serving as the Karmapa's attendant, he also gave dharma teachings and assisted in ceremonial roles during these travels.[2]In 1981, he entered the monastic college at Rumtek, Karma Shri Nalanda Institute for Higher Buddhist Studies where he studied the fields of Buddhist philosophy, psychology, logic, and debate. During his time at Rumtek, Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche worked for the Students' Welfare Union, served as head librarian, and was the chief-editor of the Nalandakirti Journal, an annual publication which brings together Eastern and Western views on Buddhism. Rinpoche graduated in 1990 as Ka-rabjampa from Karma Shri Nalanda Institute for Higher Buddhist Studies in Rumtek Monastery. (Ka-rabjampa means "one with unobstructed knowledge of scriptures", the Kagyu equivalent of the Sakya and Gelug's geshe degree.) He simultaneously earned the degree of Acharya, or Master of Buddhist Philosophy, from Sampurnanant Sanskrit University. Dzogchen Ponlop has also completed studies in English and comparative religion at Columbia University in New York City. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzogchen_Ponlop_Rinpoche Source Accessed Nov 19, 2019])For further information about Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche, visit his [https://dpr.info/ Official Website]t his [https://dpr.info/ Official Website])
Adeu Rinpoche + (The Eighth Adeu Rinpoche was born on the f … The Eighth Adeu Rinpoche was born on the fourth day of the 12th Tibetan month in the Iron Horse year of the fifteenth calendrical cycle, in the middle of a freezing winter. As the 16th Karmapa and the Eighth Choegon Rinpoche recognized the child as the authentic reincarnation of the Seventh Adeu Rinpoche, he was taken to Tsechu Gompa for enthronement at the age of seven. Immediately after this, he began his traditional education in writing, calligraphy, poetry, astrology, mandala painting, spiritual practice and text recitation. At the same time, the young Adeu Rinpoche also received many teachings and pith-instructions based on the old and new traditions, but primarily on the Drukpa lineage from the Eighth Choegon Rinpoche, Jamyang Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö and many other great masters. After this, Rinpoche entered into a seven-year retreat, during which he practised the sadhanas of different deities and trained in tsa-lung, following the Six Yogas of Naropa and the liberating Mahamudra mind-training practices. He also learnt philosophy. Adeu Rinpoche later wrote a precise commentary on the three sets of vows, the root of heart-essence of Nyingmapa lineage, and on the various mandala deities.In 1958, all the sacred texts, statues and precious objects were completely destroyed, and Rinpoche was imprisoned for fifteen years. Although Adeu Rinpoche suffered a great deal, the period in prison gave him an opportunity to meet many accomplished masters, who had also been imprisoned, especially Khenpo Munsel from whom he received instructions on Dzogchen, and under whose guidance, he practised the rare and precious teachings of the aural lineage (Nyengyü) of the Nyingma school, and studied the various Nyingmapa terma teachings.Adeu Rinpoche was an extremely important master of the Drukpa Kagyü lineage, especially following the Cultural Revolution, during which many great Drukpa lineage masters passed away. When teachings of the Drukpa lineage were faced with extinction, Adeu Rinpoche was the only remaining lineage holder of the Khampa tradition of the Drukpa lineage.At the end of 1980, Adeu Rinpoche went to Tashi Jong in India to pass on the entire lineage of the Khampa Drukpa tradition to the present Khamtrul Rinpoche Dongyü Nyima, Choegon Rinpoche Choekyi Wangchuk and many other great tulkus of the Drukpa lineage.In 1990, Adeu Rinpoche also gave the complete empowerments of the Drukpa lineage to the local tulkus in Nangchen. About 51 tulkus and 1600 monks and nuns were present to receive the empowerments and oral transmissions. In this way, Adeu Rinpoche became the main lineage master of the Khampa Drukpa tradition for all the Drukpa tulkus. Thereafter, Adeu Rinpoche went to Bhutan and exchanged initiations with Je Khenpo, Jigme Chodrak Rinpoche, Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche and many other enlightened masters, thus becoming a representative of the Drukpa lineage.Adeu Rinpoche also took responsibility for restoring Tsechu Gompa, and at the same time collecting, correcting and editing all the Drukpa teachings, tantras and practices.Adeu Rinpoche passed away in July 2007, in Nangchen, Tibet.His reincarnation has recently been identified, in Tibet, by Choegon Rinpoche Chökyi Senge. (Source:[https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Adeu_Rinpoche])pawiki.org/index.php?title=Adeu_Rinpoche]))
Dhargyey, Ngawang + (The Most Venerable Geshe Ngawang Dhargyey … The Most Venerable Geshe Ngawang Dhargyey was born on the 13th of the fifth Tibetan month in the year of the Iron-Bird (1921) in the town of Yätsak (or Ya Chak) in the Trehor district of Tibet's eastern province Kham. He was soon enrolled in the large local Dhargyey Monastery of the Gelug tradition, where he took pre-novice ordination vows. Although he was enrolled there he studied mainly in the village Sakya monastery, Lona Gonpa where he received instruction in reading, writing, grammar etc, and learned numerous texts and practices by heart. His teachers there included two of his uncles, as well as Kushu Gonpä Rinpoche, who was a master of all the five major fields of learning.Image of Gen RinpocheAt the age of eighteen Gen Rinpoche left his home country to further his spiritual education at Sera Monastery, the great monastic university in Lhasa. There he underwent extensive training in all the five divisions of Buddhist philosophical study: Logic, Perfection of Wisdom, the Middle View, Metaphysics, and Ethical Discipline. This was interspersed with periods of intensive retreat at some of the many hermitages near Sera. By the time he was nineteen he had already mastered his studies sufficiently to become a scriptural teacher, and he began to have many students of his own. At the age of 21, he took full ordination vows of a Bhikshu from the widely renowned Purchog Jamgön Rinpoche. He also received numerous teachings, initiations and commentaries from the great Lamas of that time such as Kyabje Trijang Dorje Chang (His Holiness the Dalai Lama's Tutor), Bakri Dorje Chang, Lhatsün Dorje Chang, Gönsar Dorje Chang and others. His monastic teachers were the great scholar- practitioners Gen Sherab Wangchuk, Gen Chöntse, and the now Gyume Kensur Ugyän Tseten.He studied in Sera in Tibet for twenty years until, in 1959, Chinese oppression forced him to leave Tibet. Two years earlier he had been appointed tutor to two high incarnate lamas, Lhagön Rinpoche and Thupten Rinpoche. The three escaped from Chinese occupied Tibet together taking a long and dangerous journey of nine months under Chinese gunfire and snowstorms until they reached the Mustang region of Nepal. From Mustang it was a comparatively easy journey to India, where they joined His Holiness the Dalai Lama and some of Gen Rinpoche's other teachers.In India, after a brief pilgrimage to the sacred Buddhist sites, he took up his studies once again, and for several continued tutoring the tulkus (incarnate lamas). In the mid 1960s, he was chosen along with fifty-five other scholars to attend an Acarya course at Mussourie (north of Delhi). During his year in Mussourie, he and the other scholars wrote textbooks for the Tibetan refugee schools being established in India at that time. He then returned to Dalhousie where, over various periods, he continued to teach another seven incarnate lamas. He also finished his Geshe studies and, in oral examinations held at the Buxador refugee camp in Assam in eastern India (the seat of Sera monastery at that time) he gained the highest grade (First Class) Lharampa Geshe.In 1971 he was asked by His Holiness the Dalai Lama to start a teaching program for westerners at the newly constructed Library of Tibetan Works and Archives in Dharamsala, northern India. Two of his incarnate lama disciples, Sharpa Rinpoche and Kamlung Rinpoche, acted as translators. He stayed there, teaching very extensively to thousands of Westerners, until 1984. During this time he himself received extensive and often exclusive teachings from His Holiness the Dalai Lama and from both of the tutors, Kyabje Trijang Rinpoche and Kyabje Ling Rinpoche.In 1982 he travelled to the West for the first time to take up a one-semester visiting professorship for at the University of Washington in Seattle. This was followed by a year-long extensive tour of Buddhist teaching centres all over North America, Europe and Australasia.He spent six weeks in New Zealand during this tour, and at the end of the visit he was requested to establish a Buddhist centre here. In 1985 His Holiness advised Gen Rinpoche to come to New Zealand, initially for one and a half years, to establish a centre. After a six month tour of Australia, he arrived in Dunedin in mid 1985. Due to the success of the Buddhist centre he remained here, occasionally travelling to other parts of New Zealand and to Australia on teaching tours.Gen Rinpoche was a wonderful teacher who loved to teach the great treatises, as well as experiential teachings which distilled their essence. He gave his last formal teaching in February 1995 in Dunedin. Gen Rinpoche entered into the death process on the 11th August 1995 (the 16th of the 6th Tibetan month) remaining in meditation for of three days.His body was cremated with full traditional Tibetan funerary rites at Portobello, near Dunedin on 17th August (22nd of the 6th Tibetan month). Kushu Lhagön Rinpoche, one of Gen Rinpoche's tulku disciples, presided over the Great Offering to His Holy Body Ceremony at a specially built cremation stupa. ([https://dbc.dharmakara.net/GNDBiography.html Source Accessed Feb 24, 2023])graphy.html Source Accessed Feb 24, 2023]))
Gung thang dkon mchog bstan pa'i sgron me + (The Third Gungtang Lama Konchok Tenpai Dro … The Third Gungtang Lama Konchok Tenpai Dronme was identified as reincarnation of the Second Guntang Ngawang Tenpai Gyeltsen. He studied in Drepung Gomang College near Lhasa and Labrang Tashikhyil in Amdo, and later he served as the twenty-first abbot of the monastery. He also served as the first abbot of Ngawa Gomang Monastery. Familiar with Chinese and Mongolian languages, he spent most of his life in teaching and composing texts on many subjects such as ethics and medicine as well as religion. ([https://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Konchok-Tenpai-Dronme/4730 Source Accessed Feb 3, 2022])-Dronme/4730 Source Accessed Feb 3, 2022]))
Yakherds + (The Yakherds are a collective of Western a … The Yakherds are a collective of Western and Tibetan scholars in Philosophy and Buddhist Studies based in the USA, India, Australia, Nepal, and Germany. Between them, they have translated, edited, and written over 70 books and several hundred articles and reviews, including important translations of Tibetan philosophical texts. They are: José Ignacio Cabezón, Ryan Conlon, Thomas Doctor, Douglas Duckworth, Jed Forman, Jay L. Garfield, John Powers, Sonam Thakchöe, Yeshes Thabkhas, and Tashi Tsering.kchöe, Yeshes Thabkhas, and Tashi Tsering.)
Bardor Rinpoche, 2nd + (The first rebirth of Terchen Barway Dorje … The first rebirth of Terchen Barway Dorje was recognized by the 15th Karmapa, but lived only a short time and, in fact, died before he was reached by the search party seeking him. The Karmapa later explained what happened: Terchen Barway Dorje had promised a great sinner named Changkyi Mingyur that he would not be reborn in a lower state. Changkyi Mingyur died shortly before the new incarnation of Terchen Barway Dorje was discovered and was about to be reborn in a lower state. In desperation, he called on Barway Dorje and it was therefore necessary for Bardor Rinpoche to depart his new body in order to fulfill his promise.The 15th Karmapa decided to perform another recognition of the 2nd Barway Dorje, but before the time for recognition arrived, the 15th Gyalwang Karmapa departed this realm for the benefit of beings in other places.For this reason, the rebirth of Terchen Barway Dorje—the 2nd Bardor Rinpoche—was recognized by the 11th Tai Situ Rinpoche, Padma Wangchok Gyalpo.The 2nd Bardor Rinpoche was born at the end of 1920 and many auspicious signs accompanied his birth. He was enthroned at Raktrul Monastery at the age of five but received his training and transmissions at Surmang and Kyodrak monasteries.In his thirteenth year, the 2nd Bardor Rinpoche met the 16th Gyalwang Karmapa. Because the Gyalwang Karmapa had been Bardor Rinpoche’s karmically destined guru in many lives, Bardor Rinpoche felt great devotion for the Karmapa upon meeting him.The 2nd Bardor Rinpoche spent much of his life serving the 16th Gyalwang Karmapa, although he occasionally traveled back to Raktrul Monastery to look after its needs. Toward the end of his life, he made an aspiration to be able to serve both the Karmapa and Raktrul Monastery in his future lives. As a result of that aspiration we now have two incarnations of the 3rd Bardor Rinpoche—one who has devoted most of his life to the service of both the 16th and 17th Karmapas and has founded Kunzang Palchen Ling in the US, and one who remains in Tibet and looks after Raktrul Monastery.A detailed account of the life of the 2nd Bardor Rinpoche is available in English translation as ''The Light of Dawn'' composed by Karma Tupten. ([https://www.kunzang.org/treasure-lineage/2nd-bardor-rinpoche/ Source Accessed June 28, 2023])-rinpoche/ Source Accessed June 28, 2023]))
Khyentse, Dzongsar + (The present Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinp … The present Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche, Thubten Chökyi Gyamtso, was born in 1961 in eastern Bhutan. He was recognized as a tulku by H.H. Sakya Trizin, and received empowerments and teachings from many of the greatest masters of Tibetan Buddhism, including H.H. the 16th Karmapa; H.H. Dudjom Rinpoche and Lama Sonam Zangpo (his paternal and maternal grandfathers); Chatral Rinpoche; Nyoshul Khen Rinpoche, Khenpo Appey, and many others. His root guru was Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, who began training Rinpoche from the age of 7.While still a teenager, Rinpoche built a small retreat center in Ghezing, Sikkim and soon began traveling and teaching around the world. In the 1980s, he began the restoration of Dzongsar Monastery in Derge, the responsibility of which he had inherited from his previous incarnation, Jamyang Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö. He established Dzongsar Institute in Bir, India, (now DKCLI in Chauntra), which has grown to be one of the most respected institutions for advanced dialectical study. He also oversees two monasteries in Bhutan and has established dharma centres in Australia, Europe, North America, and Asia. He has written several books and made award-winning films. Rinpoche continuously travels all over the world, practicing and teaching the Dharma. (Source: [https://khyentsefoundation.org/about-dzongsar-jamyang-khyentse-rinpoche/ Khyentse Foundation.org])yentse-rinpoche/ Khyentse Foundation.org]))
Vairocanarakṣita + (There are at least two Indian authors know … There are at least two Indian authors known by the name Vairocanarakṣita, as well as being the full ordination name of the famous Tibetan translator Vairocana (bai ro tsa na). Of the two Indians, the first was an 11th century scholar from Vikramaśīla, while the second, known also as Vairocanavajra, lived about a century later and spent time in Tibet in the mid-12th century. Based on the literary output of these two figures, with the former producing works on sūtra and the latter more focused on tantra and mahāmudrā, Brunnhölzl suggests the 11th century Vairocanarakṣita as the most likely candidate for the authorship of the ''Mahāyānottaratantraśāstraṭippanī''. However, BDRC seems to conflate these two figures, perhaps even all three, with attributions of their individual works and translations included in the Tibetan canon linking to a single page. Though, it is clear that some of these texts, such as the commentaries on the works of Śāntideva belong to the 11th century Vairocanarakṣita, as they were translated by Ngok Lotsāwa who predates the 12th century Vairocanarakṣita. While, others works linked to the same page should certainly be attributed to this second Vairocanarakṣita, a.k.a. Vairocanavajra, as he was well known among early Kagyu masters for his teaching activities and his translations of several crucial ''dohas'' that helped form the basis of the Kagyu mahāmudrā tradition.he basis of the Kagyu mahāmudrā tradition.)
Sèngué, T. + (This is the Dharma name and pen name of Fr … This is the Dharma name and pen name of François Jacquemart.Lama Cheuky Sèngué (François Jacquemart) was born in 1949 and had his first encounter with Tibetan Buddhism in 1976. He accomplished a 3-year Buddhist retreat in France in the beginning of the eighties. He became a close student of the late Bokar Rinpoche and served him as an interpreter for a long period.In 1985, he founded (and still directs) Claire Lumière publications dedicated to Tibetan Buddhism, translating, editing, and publishing a considerable number of books in French, mainly for the Kagyu Lineage.He is also in charge of a few small Dharma centres (Aix-en-Provence, Avignon, and Grenoble) and teaches in France and Spain.His Holiness the Karmapa requested him to translate into French the Kagyu Monlam Books, a task which was completed under His direction at the Gyutö Monastery. ([https://karmapafoundation.eu/the-board/francois-jacquemart/ Source Accessed Feb 27, 2023])jacquemart/ Source Accessed Feb 27, 2023]))
Losang, T. + (Thubten Losang became interested in Buddhi … Thubten Losang became interested in Buddhism during the 1990s and sporadically read books on Buddhism and practiced sitting meditation. He first came to Sravasti Abbey in April 2013 for a Sharing the Dharma Day. After that, he began to visit the Abbey almost every month.In the summer of 2014, he spent 10 days of every month at the Abbey to work in the forest and joined in the Exploring Monastic Life program. Receiving teachings from a qualified teacher (Ven. Chodron), being around other practitioners, being guided and inspired by the monastic community, and establishing a regular meditation schedule turned his sporadic and confused spiritual seeking into a serious and consistent practice.Ven. Losang moved to the Abbey in December 2014 and took the anagarika precepts the following month. He received śrāmaṇera (novice) ordination on August 10, 2015. See his ordination photos. He received full ordination in Taiwan in 2017. ([https://sravastiabbey.org/community-member/sramanera-thubten-losang/ Source Accessed May 17, 2023])ten-losang/ Source Accessed May 17, 2023]))
Vetter, T. + (Tilmann Ernst Vetter (Pforzheim, March 2, … Tilmann Ernst Vetter (Pforzheim, March 2, 1937 - Wassenaar, December 20, 2012) was a Dutch Indian scholar, Tibetologist, and Buddhist scholar of German descent.Vetter was a professor at Leiden University in the Department of Languages and Cultures of South and Central Asia. His predecessor was David Seyfort Ruegg. He previously worked for the Institute for Tibetology and Buddhism, at the University of Vienna and for the University of Utrecht. ([https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilmann_Vetter Source Accessed Jan 27, 2024])mann_Vetter Source Accessed Jan 27, 2024]))
Lee, Timothy + (Tim Lee has a wide-ranging interest in the … Tim Lee has a wide-ranging interest in the history of Christianity, particularly in Asia and Asian-America. He teaches introductory courses in Christian History and more specialized ones in Asian/Asian-American Christian History. His current research focuses on the history of Christianity in Korea, a topic about which he has published a number of works, including a book and a coedited volume. He also directs Brite’s Asian / Asian American and Pacific Islander Church Studies Program. Before coming to Brite in 2002, he had taught at the University of Chicago and the University of California at Los Angeles. Tim serves as co chair of the Korean Religions Group of the American Academy of Religion. An ordained minister of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), Tim has served as moderator of North American Pacific Asian Disciples. ([https://brite.edu/staff/timothy-s-lee Source Accessed Aug 11, 2023])mothy-s-lee Source Accessed Aug 11, 2023]))
Murti, T. R. V. + (Tirupattur Ramaseshayyer Venkatachala Murt … Tirupattur Ramaseshayyer Venkatachala Murti (June 15, 1902 – March 1986) was an Indian academic, philosopher, writer and translator. He wrote several books on Oriental philosophy, particularly Indian philosophy and his works included commentaries and translations of Indian and Buddhist texts. He was an elected honorary member of the International Association of Buddhist Studies (IABS), a society promoting scholarship in Buddhist studies. ''Studies in Indian Thought: Collected Papers'', ''The Central Philosophy of Buddhism'', and ''A Study of the Madhyamika System'' are some of his notable works. The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan, in 1959, for his contributions to education and literature.Murti dedicates his 1955 work, ''The Central Philosophy of Buddhism'', as follows: "To my revered teacher Professor S. Radhakrishnan". ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruppattur_R._Venkatachala_Murti Source Accessed Nov 20, 2023])T. R. V Murti was an original and leading thinker among the Indian philosophers of the twentieth century. He had a brilliant philosophical mind, a love of analysis and argument, and a respect for texts, especially the ones with which he disagreed, as seen in his most important book, ''The Central Philosophy of Buddhism''. With both traditional "Shastri" training and a Western style Ph.D., Murti was able to bring both strengths to his writing and teaching. Murti knew everything by heart, all the Sutra texts, the Upanisads and other philosophical classics, Panini's grammar, and Patanjali's "Great Commentary" and other core texts. Upon that foundation, he evaluated doctrines and ideas. Though a philosopher of the classical type, he was also alive to the latest philosophical currents of his day and effectively related the wisdom of traditional teaching to contemporary questions. It was this last quality that made him a most sought after teacher by students from around the globe. Murti spoke with such eloquence and authority that few would dare to interrupt him. He represented the best of the Indian philosophical tradition to the world through his teaching at places such as Oxford, Copenhagen, Harvard, Hawaii, and McMaster University in Canada. ([http://www.coronetbooks.com/books/t/trvm0775.htm Source Accessed Nov 20, 2023])rvm0775.htm Source Accessed Nov 20, 2023]))
Pynn, T. + (Tom Pynn is a senior lecturer in Interdisciplinary studies at Kennesaw State University.)
Huber, T. + (Toni Huber has been Professor of Tibetan S … Toni Huber has been Professor of Tibetan Studies at the Humboldt University in Berlin, Germany, since 2003. His research interests and published oeuvre focus on ethnography and cultural history of Tibetan Plateau and eastern Himalayan highland societies, environment and society, ritual and religion, and nomadic pastoralism. His major monographs include ''Source of Life. Revitalisation Rites and Bon Shamans in Bhutan and the Eastern Himalayas'' (Vienna, In Press), ''The Holy Land Reborn. Pilgrimage and the Tibetan Reinvention of Buddhist India'' (Chicago, 2008), and ''The Cult of Pure Crystal Mountain. Popular Pilgrimage & Visionary Landscape in Southeast Tibet'' (New York & Oxford, 1999). ([https://buddhiststudies.berkeley.edu/news/2019-khyentse-lecture-toni-huber-humboldt-university-berlin-recently-discovered-ancient-tibetan Source Accessed Nov 21, 2023])red-ancient-tibetan Source Accessed Nov 21, 2023]))
Brekke, T. + (Torkel Brekke works part-time as a religio … Torkel Brekke works part-time as a religious historian in Civita and head of the Civita Academy. Brekke is professor of cultural and religious diversity at the Institute for International Studies and Interpreter Education at OsloMet. Brekke is also associated with the Institute for Peace Research (PRIO). In 2007, Brekke became professor of religious history and South Asian area studies at the Department of Cultural Studies and Oriental Languages at the University of Oslo. He has a PhD from the University of Oxford, and has written and edited a number of books and articles on the relationship between culture and politics. He has worked as an adviser in the Ministry of Defence, and has had several types of engagements for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He is a regular writer for Dagbladet, and sits on the Swedish Science Council. ([https://civita.no/person/torkel-brekke/ Source Accessed Mar 22, 2023])kel-brekke/ Source Accessed Mar 22, 2023]))
Kyi, Tsedrön + (Tsedrön Kyi is a Tibetan poet and writer.)
Dhompa, Tsering + (Tsering Wangmo Dhompa is a Tibetan poet and writer.)
Tsoknyi Rinpoche + (Tsoknyi Rinpoche (Wylie: Tshogs gnyis rin … Tsoknyi Rinpoche (Wylie: Tshogs gnyis rin po che), or Ngawang Tsoknyi Gyatso (born 13 March 1966), is a Nepalese Tibetan Buddhist teacher and author and the founder of the Pundarika Foundation. He is the third Tsoknyi Rinpoche, having been recognized by the 16th Karmapa as the reincarnation of Drubwang Tsoknyi Rinpoche. He is a tulku of the Drukpa Kagyü and Nyingma traditions and the holder of the Ratna Lingpa and Tsoknyi lineages.He began his education at Khampagar Monastery at Tashi Jong in Himachal Pradesh, India, at the age of thirteen. His main teachers are Khamtrul Rinpoche Dongyu Nyima, his father, Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, Nyoshul Khen Rinpoche, and Adeu Rinpoche.Rinpoche has overseen the Tergar Osel Ling Monastery, founded in Kathmandu, Nepal, by his father, Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche. His brothers are Chokyi Nyima Rinpoche, Tsikey Chokling Rinpoche, and Mingyur Rinpoche, and his nephews are Phakchok Rinpoche and the reincarnation of Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, known popularly as Khyentse Yangsi Rinpoche. He has overseen the monastery's operations and introduced studies for non-Tibetans. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsoknyi_Rinpoche Source Accessed November 18, 2019])npoche Source Accessed November 18, 2019]))
Pema Rigtsal + (Tulku Pema Rigtsal Rinpoche is the Supreme … Tulku Pema Rigtsal Rinpoche is the Supreme Head of Namkha Khyung Dzong Monastery in Humla, Nepal ("upper Dudjom lineage" known as Namkha Khyung Dzong, formerly based at Mount Kailash in Tibet). At the age of three he was recognized by Dudjom Rinpoche as the reincarnation of “Chimed Rinpoche,” who is the emanation of the Great Indian Siddha “Dampa Sangye” and spiritual head of the renowned Shedphel Ling Monastery in Ngari, Tibet. In 1985 he reconstructed the Namkha Khyung Dzong Monastery in Humla, Nepal, and has taught the 13 major philosophical texts (Shungchen Chusum) for 24 years. His religious guidance has inspired hundreds of ascetics and other practitioners in Tibet.Rinpoche has studied the Vajrayana tradition of the Nyingma lineage from renowned spiritual masters: Dudjom Rinpoche, Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, Dodrupchen Rinpoche, Penor Rinpoche, Thinley Norbu Rinpoche, Trulshik Rinpoche, and Domang Yangthang Rinpoche. ([https://rubinmuseum.org/events/event/mindfulness-meditation-with-tulku-pema-rigtsal-rinpoche-02-22-24/ Source Accessed January 23, 2024])According to Rigpa Wiki: Tulku Pema Rigtsal gives teachings on the Dudjom Tersar Ngöndro, the ''The Words of My Perfect Teacher'', ''Bodhicharyavatara'', and the Richö, Nang Jang, Neluk Rangjung, and other Dudjom Tersar teachings, to the people of Humla and those from the Ngari part of Tibet.Tulku Pema Rigtsal also holds Summer and Winter Dharma Teaching sessions every year for more than five hundred practitioners including monks, ngakpas (yogis) and nuns residing in Humla and Ngari, Tibet. Hundreds of hermits are practising in caves and solitary locations in Humla, Nepal and Ngari, Tibet under his instruction and guidance.Among his writings, there are::a commentary on the Calling The Lama From Afar of Dudjom Rinpoche:a biography of the Degyal Rinpoche (the first).:his first book in Tibetan, entitled “Semkyi Sangwa Ngontu Phyungwa” (translated and published in English as [[The Great Secret of Mind]]).cret of Mind]]).)
Urgyen, Tulku + (Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche (Tib. སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ཨོ་ར … Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche (Tib. སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་, Wyl. ''sprul sku o rgyan rin po che'') (1920–1996) was one of the greatest teachers of Dzogchen and Mahamudra in recent times, whose lineage is now continued by his sons, including Chökyi Nyima Rinpoche, Tsikey Chokling Rinpoche, Tsoknyi Rinpoche and Mingyur Rinpoche.Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche was born in Nangchen, in the province of Kham, eastern Tibet, in 1920. He began meditation practice at the early age of four, when he attended the teachings his father, Chime Dorje, would give to his many students. Already at four he had what is called a recognition of the nature of mind. Later he studied with his uncle Samten Gyatso, his root master, as well as with many other lamas of both Kagyü and Nyingma schools of Tibetan Buddhism. Among the lineage masters from whom he drew his inspiration were Milarepa and Longchen Rabjam—on merely hearing their names, tears would come to his eyes.In his youth he practised intensively, and stayed in retreat for a total of twenty years. He had four sons, each of whom is now an important Buddhist master in his own right: Chökyi Nyima Rinpoche, Tsikey Chokling Rinpoche, Tsoknyi Rinpoche and Mingyur Rinpoche.When he left Tibet he went to Sikkim and then settled in Nepal at Nagi Gompa Hermitage, in the mountains above the Kathmandu valley. He was the first lama to spread the Tibetan Buddhist teachings to Malaysia. In 1980 Tulku Urgyen went on a world tour encompassing Germany, Belgium, France, Switzerland, Denmark, Holland, Great Britain, the USA, Hong Kong and Singapore. In his later years, however, he did not travel much and his many students, both Eastern and Western, would go to Nepal to visit him.Tulku Urgyen accomplished a great deal in his life. He constructed and restored many temples, and established six monasteries and retreat centres in the Kathmandu region. He had over three hundred monks and nuns under his guidance. In particular he built a monastery and three-year retreat centre at the site of the sacred cave of Asura, the site of Padmasambhava’s famous retreat. He also re-established some traditional annual prayer gatherings in exile.In his childhood he had been recognized by the Fifteenth Karmapa Khakhyap Dorje, as the reincarnation of the master Chöwang Tulku, and he was also an emanation of Nupchen Sangye Yeshe, one of the twenty-five main disciples of Padmasambhava. He was the lineage holder of many teaching transmissions, especially that of the terma teachings of his great grandfather Chokgyur Lingpa. He transmitted the Dzogchen Desum teachings to such masters as Sixteenth Karmapa, Dudjom Rinpoche, and Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche as well as thousands of other disciples. Tulku Urgyen was especially close to the Karmapa—one of his root teachers—and to Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, with both of whom there was a powerful bond of mutual respect.Tulku Urgyen is the author of several books in English, including ''Repeating the Words of the Buddha'' and ''Rainbow Painting''. He also supervised many English translations of Tibetan texts and teachings carried out by his Western students, and gave the name Rangjung Yeshe to the publishing imprint established to make these and other Dharma works available in the West.He was famed for his profound meditative realization and for the concise, lucid and humorous style with which he imparted the essence of the teachings. Using few words, he would point out the nature of mind, revealing a natural simplicity and wakefulness that enables the student to actually touch the heart of the Buddha’s wisdom mind. In this method of instruction, he was unmatched.Tulku Urgyen passed away peacefully on 13th February 1996 (the 24th day of the 12th month of the Wood Pig year), at Nagi Gompa. At that time the sky overhead was clear and completely cloudless for two days, which is traditionally seen as a sign that a highly realized master is passing on.The ''yangsi'' of Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, named Urgyen Jigme Rabsel Dawa, was born in 2001. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Tulku_Urgyen_Rinpoche Rigpa Wiki])p?title=Tulku_Urgyen_Rinpoche Rigpa Wiki]))
Tarthang Tulku + (Twenty-Four Years of Traditional Training … Twenty-Four Years of Traditional Training in TibetDharma Publishing was founded by Tarthang Rinpoche, commonly known as Tarthang Tulku. Rinpoche was born in in the mountains of Golok in the far northeast of Tibet as the son of Sogpo Tulku, Pema Gawey Dorje (b 1894), a highly respected physician and holder of the Nyingma Vidyadhara lineage. Before Rinpoche was two years old, he was recognized and given the name Kunga Gellek by the Sutrayana and Mantrayana master Tragyelung Tsultrim Dargye (b. 1866), who made predictions about Rinpoche’s future mission as a servant of the Dharma, and instructed his parents in the special treatment of young tulkus.Rinpoche’s training began at a very early age, and his first teachers were his father and private tutors. After the age of nine, he resided at Tarthang Monastery where he was initiated into the teachings of the Palyul tradition by Tarthang Choktrul and given instruction in Mahayana view, meditation, and conduct by various expert khenpos. At the age of fifteen in the iron tiger year of 1950, Rinpoche departed from Tarthang Monastery to travel to the major monasteries of Kham in eastern Tibet. There he received blessings, teachings, and initiations from the greatest masters of the 20th century: Jamyang Khyentse Chokyi Lodro, Zhechen Kongtrul, Adzom Gyelsey, Bodpa Tulku, and others, altogether thirty-one teachers. For the next ten years, until the age of 24, Rinpoche was given intensive training in the three Inner Yogas of Maha, Anu, and Ati.Nine Years of Retreat, Research, and Publishing in IndiaIn 1958 Rinpoche departed from his homeland, traveling through Bhutan into Sikkim following in the footsteps of his root guru, Khyentse Chokyi Lodro. The next several years were devoted to pilgrimage and retreat at holy places in India. In 1963 he was appointed by Dudjom Rinpoche as the representative of the Nyingma tradition and given the position of research fellow at Sanskrit University in Benares. In that same year, he set up one of the first Tibetan printing presses in exile and began his life’s work of preserving sacred art and texts. After six years at Sanskrit University and some twenty publications, Rinpoche decided that this was not enough, and departed for America to bring Dharma to the West.Forty-three Years of Dharma Work in the WestArriving in America in late 1968, Rinpoche chose California as his headquarters, and established the Tibetan Nyingma Meditation Center in early 1969. One of the first learned Tibetan exiles to take up residence in the West, he has lived continuously in America for over forty years. With the full support and blessings of Dudjom Rinpoche and Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, Tarthang Tulku began in the 1970s to unfold a vision of wisdom in action that would eventually encompass over twenty different organizations and make a significant impact on the transmission of Dharma to the West and the restoration of Dharma in Asia.([http://dharmapublishing.com/about/our-founder/ Source Accessed August 26, 2015])founder/ Source Accessed August 26, 2015]))
Hammar, U. + (Urban Hammar defended his doctoral thesis, … Urban Hammar defended his doctoral thesis, "Studies in the Kālacakra Tantra: A History of the Kālacakra Tantra in Tibet and a Study of the Concept of the Ādibuddha, the Fourth Body of the Buddha, and the Supreme Unchanging," in 2005. He is now working on a text by one of the disciples of Dolpo-pa on the history of Kālacakra Tantra. Hammar is affiliated with the Department of History of Religions at Stockholm University and teaches Tibetan at the Department of Oriental Languages. (Source: ''As Long as Space Endures'', 476)Source: ''As Long as Space Endures'', 476))
Samten, T. + (Ven. Samten met Ven. Chodron in 1996 when … Ven. Samten met Ven. Chodron in 1996 when the future Ven. Chonyi, took the future Ven. Samten to a Dharma talk at Dharma Friendship Foundation in Seattle. The talk on the kindness of others and the way it was presented is deeply etched in her mind. Four Cloud Mountain retreats with Ven. Chodron, eight months in India and Nepal studying the Dharma, one month of offering service at Sravasti Abbey, and a two month retreat at the Abbey in 2008 fueled the fire to ordain on August 26, 2010.Ven. Samten’s full ordination took place in Taiwan in March 2012, when she became the Abbey’s sixth bhikshuni. Right after finishing a Bachelor of Music degree, Ven. Samten moved to Edmonton, Canada to pursue training as a corporeal mime artist. Five years later, a return to university to obtain a Bachelor of Education degree opened the door to becoming a music teacher for the Edmonton Public School board. Concurrently, Ven. Samten became a founding member and performer with Kita No Taiko, Alberta’s first Japanese drum group.Ven. Samten is responsible for thanking donors who make offerings online, assisting Ven. Tarpa with developing and facilitating the SAFE online learning courses, assisting with the forest thinning project, tracking down knapweed, maintaining the database, answering email questions, and photographing the amazing moments that are constantly happening at the Abbey. ([https://sravastiabbey.org/community-member/ven-thubten-samten/ Source Accessed May 17, 2023])ten-samten/ Source Accessed May 17, 2023]))
Flumerfelt, J. + (Ven. Tenpa'i Gyaltsen, also known as Joe Flumerfelt is a student of Shar Khentrul Jamphel Lodrö and works at the Tibetan Buddhist Rimé Institute in Australia.)
Chonyi, T. + (Ven. Thubten Chonyi began attending classe … Ven. Thubten Chonyi began attending classes with Venerable Thubten Chodron at Dharma Friendship Foundation in Seattle in 1996 and has practiced steadily under Venerable’s guidance ever since.She was a founder of Friends of Sravasti Abbey, which formed in 2003 to support Ven. Chodron’s dream to start a monastery. She moved to the Abbey in 2007 and took śrāmaṇerikā and śikṣamāṇā precepts in May 2008. See photos of her ordination.Along with Ven. Jigme, Ven. Chonyi received bhikshuni (full) ordination at Fo Guang Shan temple in Taiwan in 2011. See the photos.At the Abbey, Ven. Chonyi is involved with publicity and inviting generosity. She also shares Buddha’s teachings at the Abbey, online, and, occasionally, at Buddhist centers in the US and abroad. She has co-taught meditation and Buddhist ideas at the Unitarian Universalist Church of Spokane for 13 years, and especially enjoys interfaith exchange and bringing Buddhist values into social justice issues.Ven. Chonyi’s formal education was in theatre at Wesleyan College in Macon, GA. She worked for many years as a performer, publicist, fundraiser, and producer in the performing arts. As a Reiki teacher and practitioner for 19 years, she co-founded two Reiki centers and the Reiki AIDS Project, and led classes and workshops in Europe and North America. She was communications director for the international The Reiki Alliance and served eight years as Managing Editor for ''Reiki Magazine International''. ([https://sravastiabbey.org/community-member/thubten-chonyi/ Source Accessed May 16, 2023])ten-chonyi/ Source Accessed May 16, 2023]))
Lamsel, T. + (Ven. Thubten Lamsel began studying the Dha … Ven. Thubten Lamsel began studying the Dharma in 2011 at The Dhargyey Buddhist Centre in Dunedin, New Zealand. When she began exploring the possibility of ordination in 2014, a friend referred her to the Preparing for Ordination booklet by Venerable Thubten Chodron.Soon after, Ven. Lamsel made contact with the Abbey, tuning in weekly for the livestreamed teachings and offering service from afar. In 2016 she visited for the month-long Winter Retreat. Feeling like she had found the supportive monastic environment she had been looking for, under the close guidance of her spiritual mentor, she requested to come back for training.Returning in January 2017, Ven. Lamsel took anagarika precepts on March 31st. In the most fantastic circumstances, she was able to take her sramaneri and shikshamana vows during the Living Vinaya in the West course on February 4, 2018.Ven. Lamsel previously worked as a university-based public health researcher and health promoter at a small non-governmental organization.At the Abbey she is part of the video recording/editing team, helps with inmate outreach, and enjoys making creations in the kitchen. ([https://sravastiabbey.org/community-member/venerable-thubten-lamsel/ Source Accessed May 16, 2023])ten-lamsel/ Source Accessed May 16, 2023]))
Doboom Tulku + (Venerable Doboom Lozang Tenzin Tulku (rDo- … Venerable Doboom Lozang Tenzin Tulku (rDo-bum Blo-bzang bstan-’dzin sPrul-ku), also known simply as Doboom Tulku, was born in 1942 in Shayul (Sha-yul) in Kham (Khams), eastern Tibet. At the age of two or three, he was recognized by Lama Phurchog Jamgon Rinpoche (Bla-ma Phur-lcog ’Jam-mgon Rin-po-che) to be the reincarnation of the previous Doboom Tulku. Following this, he was taken to stay at a hermitage near Dargye Monastery (Dar-rgyas dGon), where he stayed until the age of twelve.In 1953, Doboom Tulku entered Drepung Monastery (Bras-spungs dGon-pa) in Tibet, where he studied Buddhist philosophy until the Chinese invasion of Tibet in 1959 forced him into exile in India at the age of seventeen. For the following decade, Doboom Tulku resided at the lama camp at Buxa Duar, in West Bengal, enduring harsh conditions until he joined the Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies at Sarnath in 1969. Continuing with his studies in Sarnath, he obtained a Geshe Acharya degree in 1972.After obtaining his degree, he worked as a librarian at Tibet House in New Delhi, until he joined the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives in Dharamsala as a librarian and research assistant in 1973. By 1981, having gained more experience, he returned to Tibet House New Delhi to serve as Director, with the mission of promoting Tibetan cultural heritage through Tibet House’s diverse range of programs. Doboom Tulku served as Director of Tibet House for 30 years.Doboom Tulku has also worked with His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s Private Office and has accompanied His Holiness the Dalai Lama on multiple visits abroad, from trips to the USA, USSR, Japan, and Mongolia. He has published widely, on topics ranging from Tibetan medicine to Buddhist meditation and the Chittamatra Mind-Only School of philosophy. He also has a personal interest in the effects of music for spiritual practice and worked hard at setting up the World Festival of Sacred Music, which became a global event. He passed on 28 January, 2024 in Drepung Loseling Monastery in south India. ([https://studybuddhism.com/en/tibetan-buddhism/spiritual-teachers/l-t-doboom-tulku Source Accessed Dec 6, 2023])doboom-tulku Source Accessed Dec 6, 2023]))
Damdul, Dorji + (Venerable Geshe Dorji Damdul is presently … Venerable Geshe Dorji Damdul is presently Director - Tibet House, New Delhi. He has undertaken several projects for His Holiness the Dalai Lama, serving as the primary translator for many of his works. Born in 1968, Geshe Dorji Damdul earned his Geshe Lharampa Degree in 2002 from Drepung Loseling Monastic University.He has a most fantastic analytical mind, and his skillful technique ensures that most practitioners understand the wisdom rooted behind their practice. Geshe La regularly gives teachings at Tibet House and Deer Park Institute. ([https://vidyaloke.in/home/resource-library/our_gurus_and_masters.php Source Accessed Oct 27, 2021])masters.php Source Accessed Oct 27, 2021]))
Chodrak, Tenzin + (Venerable Geshe Tenzin Chodrak (Dadul Namg … Venerable Geshe Tenzin Chodrak (Dadul Namgyal) is a prominent scholar in Tibetan Buddhism. He has a doctorate (Geshe Lharampa) in Buddhism and Philosophy from the Drepung Monastic University earned in 1992. He also holds a Master’s degree in English Literature from Panjab University in Chandigarh, India.Author of several articles on Buddhism, Geshe-la was also a professor of Philosophy at Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies at Sarnath, Varanasi, India for seven years. In addition, he has been the Spiritual Director of LSLK Tibetan Buddhist Center, Knoxville, USA.Due to his facility in both Tibetan and English, he has served as interpreter and speaker for numerous conferences exploring the interface of Buddhism with modern science, Western philosophy and psychology, and other religious traditions on both a national and international level. His language ability has also enabled him to serve as an English language translator for His Holiness the Dalai Lama throughout the world.As a published author and translator, Geshe-la’s credits include a Tibetan translation of His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s ''Power of Compassion'', a language manual, ''Learn English through Tibetan'', and a critical work on Tsongkhapa’s ''Speech of Gold''. He also serves as a Board Member for Tibet House, New York.From 2010 until recently, he had served as Senior Resident Teacher at Drepung Loseling Monastery in Atlanta. Around the same time, he began full-time position as Senior Translator/Interpreter with the Center for Contemplative Science and Compassion-based Ethics at Emory University, Atlanta. There he was working in producing a six-year bilingual (English and Tibetan) science curriculum and preparing additional research & pedagogy materials in Modern Science for use in Tibetan monasteries and nunneries.Geshe-la visited several times, inspiring us with his passion for Madhyamaka philosophy and his sheer joy in sharing Buddha’s teachings. See photos of Geshe-la teaching at Sravasti Abbey in 2016.The Sravasti Abbey community is delighted that Geshe-la is now a resident teacher at the Abbey. He brings his abundant knowledge, compassion, and humility and acts as an excellent role model for new monastics at the Abbey. Since joining our community, he has decided to go by his ordination name, Venerable Tenzin Chodrak. (Source: [https://sravastiabbey.org/advisory-member/geshe-dadul-namgyal/ sravastiabbey.org])mber/geshe-dadul-namgyal/ sravastiabbey.org]))
Jigme, T. + (Venerable Jigme met Venerable Chodron in 1 … Venerable Jigme met Venerable Chodron in 1998 at Cloud Mountain Retreat Center. She took refuge in 1999 and attended Dharma Friendship Foundation in Seattle, where Ven. Chodron was the resident teacher. She moved to the Abbey in 2008 and took śrāmaṇerikā and śikṣamāṇā vows with Venerable Chodron as her preceptor in March 2009. In 2011, along with Ven. Chonyi, she received bhikshuni ordination at Fo Guang Shan in Taiwan.Before moving to Sravasti Abbey, Venerable Jigme worked as a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in private practice in Seattle. In her career as a nurse, she worked in hospitals, clinics and educational settings.At the Abbey, Ven. Jigme manages the prison outreach program and support the health of the community. In addition, she is a photographer, technical consultant, thanks donors, and creates flyers and other graphics. ([https://sravastiabbey.org/community-member/ven-thubten-jigme/ Source Accessed May 17, 2023])bten-jigme/ Source Accessed May 17, 2023]))
Lodro, Tsultrim + (Venerable Khenpo Tsultrim Lodrö is a renow … Venerable Khenpo Tsultrim Lodrö is a renowned contemporary Nyingma teacher of Tibetan Buddhism based at Larung Gar (formally known as the Serthar Larung Five Sciences Buddhist Institute), where he serves as a standing Vice Principal. He is a native of Draggo (Ch: Luhuo) County in Sichuan Province. He is an influential public intellectual. Read more [https://www.luminouswisdom.org/index.php/biography/biography-2 here].org/index.php/biography/biography-2 here].)
Tsepal, T. + (Venerable Tenzin Tsepal was a student of V … Venerable Tenzin Tsepal was a student of Venerable Chodron’s in Seattle from 1995 to 1999 and attended the Life as a Western Buddhist Nun conference in Bodhgaya as a lay supporter. Her interest in ordination surfaced after she completed a three-month Vajrasattva retreat in 1998.She then lived in India for two years while continuing to explore monastic life. In 2001, Ven. Tsepal received sramanerika ordination from His Holiness the Dalai Lama. She received bhikshuni ordination at Fu En Si Temple in Taiwan in 2019.While Venerable Tsepal was in India, some Australian friends introduced her to the five-year Buddhist Studies Program at Chenrezig Institute (CI), an FPMT center north of Brisbane, Queensland where she subsequently lived and engaged in intensive residential study from 2002-2015. As the Western Teacher at CI, she tutored weekend teachings and retreats, and taught the Discovering Buddhism courses, but always had her eye on what was happening at the Abbey.In January 2016, Venerable Tsepal returned to the U.S. to participate in Sravasti Abbey’s winter retreat, and subsequently joined the community the following September.Prior to ordaining, Ven. Tsepal completed a degree in Dental Hygiene, and then pursued graduate school in hospital administration at the University of Washington. Not finding happiness in 60 hour work weeks, she was self-employed for 10 years as a Reiki teacher and practitioner.At the Abbey, Venerable Tsepal leads the Guest Care team. She is also compiling and editing the many years of Venerable Chodron’s teachings on monastic training, and leads reviews of philosophical tenets for the community. She helps out with painting and forest work too. ([https://sravastiabbey.org/community-member/venerable-tenzin-tsepal/ Source Accessed May 16, 2023])zin-tsepal/ Source Accessed May 16, 2023]))
Bijlert, V. + (Victor A. van Bijlert is Lecturer in the D … Victor A. van Bijlert is Lecturer in the Department of Beliefs and Practices, Faculty of Religion and Theology, at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. ([https://books.google.com/books?id=HlP3zgEACAAJ&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=2 Source Accessed Feb 27, 2023])ersions_r&cad=2 Source Accessed Feb 27, 2023]))
Forte, V. + (Victor Forte is Professor of Religious Studies at Albright College and the general editor for the ''Journal of Buddhist Ethics''.)
Mair, V. + (Victor Henry Mair (born March 25, 1943) is … Victor Henry Mair (born March 25, 1943) is an American sinologist. He is a professor of Chinese at the University of Pennsylvania. Among other accomplishments, Mair has edited the standard ''Columbia History of Chinese Literature'' and the ''Columbia Anthology of Traditional Chinese Literature''. Mair is the series editor of the Cambria Sinophone World Series (Cambria Press), and his book coauthored with Miriam Robbins Dexter (published by Cambria Press), ''Sacred Display: Divine and Magical Female Figures of Eurasia'', won the Sarasvati Award for the Best Nonfiction Book in Women and Mythology. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_H._Mair Source Accessed June 20, 2023])or_H._Mair Source Accessed June 20, 2023]))
Scott, V. + (Victoria R. M. Scott has an M.A. in Buddhi … Victoria R. M. Scott has an M.A. in Buddhist Studies from Yale University. She has freelance edited since 1984, with an emphasis on the history, religion, art, and literature of Tibet, China, Japan, and Korea; she also edits for scholars whose work delves into the history of Europe, Africa, and other parts of the world.A longtime student of Her Eminence Jetsun Kusho and His Holiness the 41st Sakya Trizin, Victoria has edited all the Sapan Fund’s books to date (see Publications). She has also edited volumes published by the Library of Tibetan Classics, Dechen Ling Press, and Awakening Vajra Publications, as well as by Brill, Harvard, Stanford, and other academic presses. She edited ''Hermit of Go Cliffs'' (Wisdom, 2000), by Cyrus Stearns, and assisted with the publication of ''A Saint in Seattle: The Life of the Tibetan Mystic Dezhung Rinpoche'' (Wisdom, 2003), by David P. Jackson. ([https://www.sapanfund.org/pages/about.php Source Accessed Aug 8, 2023])es/about.php Source Accessed Aug 8, 2023]))
Vācaspatimiśra + (Vācaspati Miśra was an extremely versatile … Vācaspati Miśra was an extremely versatile and influential Indian philosopher in the tenth century CE . As a follower of Advaita Vedānta, he wrote commentaries on the fundamental works of the two great masters of this tradition, Śaṅkarā and Maṇḍana Miśra. He also contributed to most of the orthodox (or Brahmanical) philosophical schools of Hinduism: he wrote on Mīmāṃsā and grammatical theory (in particular, on the holistic ''sphoṭa'' theory of meaning), and his commentaries on Nyāya, Sāṃkhya, and Yoga are all considered authoritative in these traditions. One of the two subschools of Śaṅkara's Advaita tradition follows and is named after Vācaspati's ''Bhāmatī'' ("Bright"), itself a commentary on Śaṅkara's ''Brahmasūtrabhāṣya'' ("Commentary on the aphorisms on ''brahman''"). ([https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781119009924.eopr0400 Source Accessed Jan 22, 2024])24.eopr0400 Source Accessed Jan 22, 2024]))
Schubring, W. + (Walter Schubring (10 December 1881 – 13 Ap … Walter Schubring (10 December 1881 – 13 April 1969) was a German Indologist who studied Jain canons written in Prakrit and wrote several major translations. Earlier western works on Jainism had mostly examined later texts in Sanskrit.Schubring was born in Lübeck where his father Julius was headmaster of the Katharineum. He matriculated from the Katharineum in 1900. He discovered a dictionary of Sanskrit in the library of his father which imbued an early interest in oriental languages. He then went to Munich and Strassburg Universities, receiving a doctorate in 1904 under the supervision of Ernst Leumann with a dissertation on the Kalpasutra (rules for Jain monks). He then worked as a librarian at Berlin and habilitated in 1918 with a monograph on the Mahānisīha-Sutta. In 1920 he succeed Sten Konow as professor at the University of Hamburg. He cataloged Jain texts in European libraries, studied Śvetāmbara Jainism and wrote another work on the teaching of the Jainas in 1935 which was translated into English in 1962. Frank-Richard Hamm was one of his students. During World War II, he taught Sanskrit to Louis Dumont who was then a prisoner of war in Hamburg. Schubring edited the ''Journal of the German Oriental Society'' from 1922 and visited India in 1927-28 along with Heinrich Lüders spending time in the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona. He retired in 1951 but continued research until his death from an accident at Hamburg.In 1933 he was one of the signatories to the Vow of allegiance of the Professors of the German Universities and High-Schools to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialistic State.Writings Schubring's works include:*Mahaviras. Kritische Übersetzung aus dem Kanon der Jaina. Verlag Vandenhoeck & Rubrecht, Göttingen 1926.*Die Jainas. Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr 1927*Die Lehre der Jainas: Nach den alten Quellen. Berlin, Leipzig: de Gruyter 1935*The Doctrine of the Jainas: Described After the Old Sources. Translated from the revised German edition by Wolfgang Beurlen. Reprint. First published in 1962. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass 1995. ISBN 81-208-0933-5.*Die Jaina-Handschriften der Preussischen Staatsbibliothek: Neuerwerbungen seit 1891. Leipzig: Harrassowitz 1944*Der Jainismus. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 1964*The Religion of the Jainas. Transl. from the German by Amulyachandra Sen; T. C. Burke. Calcutta: Sanskrit College 1966. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_Schubring Source Accessed Dec 7, 2023])wiki/Walther_Schubring Source Accessed Dec 7, 2023]))
Wayman, A. + (Wayman joined Columbia in 1966 as a visiti … Wayman joined Columbia in 1966 as a visiting associate professor of religion. In 1967, he was appointed professor of Sanskrit in the Department of Middle East and Asian Languages and Cultures, a position he held until his retirement in 1991. During his tenure, Wayman taught classes in classical Sanskrit, Buddhist hybrid Sanskrit, Indian and Tibetan Religions and the history of astrology.While at Columbia, he was a member of the administrative committee of the Southern Asian Institute. He also served as senior editor of The Buddhist Traditions Series (with 30 volumes to date) published by Motilal Banarsidass in Delhi, India.Wayman authored 12 books, including ''Buddhist Tantric Systems'', ''Untying the Knots in Buddhism'', ''Enlightenment of Vairocana'', and ''A Millennium of Buddhist Logic''. He co-authored a translation of the 3rd-century Buddhist scripture ''Lion's Roar of Queen Shrimala'' with his wife, Hideko. Her knowledge of Chinese and Japanese sources complemented his research and translation of Sanskrit and Tibetan sources.An honorary volume, titled ''Researches in Indian and Buddhist Philosophy (essays in honor of Prof. Alex Wayman)'', edited by Ram Karan Sharma, was published in 1993 to commemorate the many years that Wayman devoted to scholarly research on Indian topics. ([https://lists.h-net.org/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=h-asia&month=0411&week=b&msg=Mjh17lJ%2B2gHmOKM2On16yg&user=&pw= Source Accessed Aug 10, 2020])]2B2gHmOKM2On16yg&user=&pw= Source Accessed Aug 10, 2020])])
Bushell, W. + (William Bushell, PhD, has been researching … William Bushell, PhD, has been researching and lecturing on the health-enhancing and anti-aging effects of meditation and yoga for many years at Harvard, MIT, and Columbia, as a Fulbright Scholar and at the Salk Institute. He has collaborated with Robert Thurman and His Holiness the Dalai Lama on conferences and research projects.Dr. William Bushell is at the forefront of research into the mental and physical effects of advanced yogic practice of the Indo-Tibetan and other traditions. His wide-ranging work seeks to integrate western scientific models with traditional Tibetan tantric systems, and has been presented at many venues and institutions, including recently at the Meetings of the Society for Neuroscience, MIT & the Salk Institute. ([https://thus.org/faculty-friends/william-bushell-ph-d/ Source Accessed Dec 1, 2023])am-bushell-ph-d/ Source Accessed Dec 1, 2023]))
Deal, W. + (William E. Deal holds a joint appointment … William E. Deal holds a joint appointment in Cognitive Science and Religious Studies at Case Western Reserve University. He is Severance Professor of the History of Religion in the Department of Religious Studies and Professor of Cognitive Science and Chair of the Department of Cognitive Science. He has served as Associate Director for Digital Humanities at the Baker-Nord Center for the Humanities in the College of Arts and Sciences, is past Chair of the Department of Religious Studies, and served for several years as Director of CWRU's Asian Studies Program. He was the founding director of the Inamori International Center for Ethics and Excellence. Dr. Deal received an A.B. in Religion (magna cum laude) and an A.M. in Asian Studies from Washington University in St. Louis. He received his Ph.D. in Religion from Harvard University in 1988. At CWRU, Dr. Deal teaches courses that focus on theory and interpretation in the academic study of religion, the cognitive science of religion and ethics, comparative religious ethics, and East Asian religious and ethical traditions. His scholarship includes numerous articles, chapters, and book reviews on methodology in the academic study of religion, religion and ethics, and Japanese Buddhism. He is co-author of the books A Cultural History of Japanese Buddhism (Wiley Blackwell) and Theory for Religious Studies (Routledge) and author of Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan (Oxford University Press).ly Modern Japan (Oxford University Press).)
Magee, W. + (William Magee received a Ph.D. in History … William Magee received a Ph.D. in History of Religions from the University of Virginia in 1998.Magee was the author of several books and articles including ''The Nature of Things: Emptiness and Essence in the Geluk World'', and is co-author of ''Fluent Tibetan: A Proficiency-Oriented Learning System''. He was an Associate Professor at Dharma Drum Buddhist College in Jinshan, Taiwan. He is currently teaching at Maitripa College in Portland, Oregon.Magee served as Vice-President of the UMA Institute for Tibetan Studies. ([https://uma-tibet.org/author-magee.html Source Accessed April 1, 2020])'''OBITUARY FROM 22 FEBRUARY, 2023''' (by Paul Hackett on H-Buddhism):It is with great sadness that I must inform you that William Magee passed away at his home in Portland (OR) last night, peacefully, and in the company of his friends and family.Known as “Bill” to his friends and colleagues alike, Bill Magee began his studies of the Tibetan language and Buddhist philosophy in the mid-1980s with the ven. Geshe Jampel Thardo, for whom he subsequently served as translator. Shortly afterward, Bill entered the Ph.D. program of studies in Tibetan Buddhism at the University of Virginia under Jeffrey Hopkins, where he obtained his Ph.D. in 1998, writing his dissertation on the subject of “nature” (svabhāva / prakṛti) in the thought of Nāgārjuna, Candrakīrti, and Tsong-kha-pa. Over the years, Bill taught at the Namgyal Institute in Ithaca, New York, at Dharma Drum Buddhist College in Jinshan, Taiwan, and at Maitripa College in Portland, Oregon. He is perhaps most well-known, however, for teaching the Summer Tibetan Language Intensive courses at the University of Virginia from 1988 to 2000, during which time he taught the fundamentals of the Tibetan language to hundreds of students, many of whom would go on to pursue advanced studies in the field.Bill was renown for jovial disposition and his kindness and generosity toward others, routinely opening his home to students and monks alike, and with his wife, Rabia, generously cared for, fed, and housed any and all who appeared at their door.Even after retiring from teaching the summer language intensives at UVa, throughout the years that followed, Bill’s passion for the Tibetan language remained, and during the COVID pandemic, Bill used his personal funds to revive the Dharma Farm institute (thedharmafarm.net) and began offering free classes online in Tibetan language and Buddhist philosophy.Bill continued to translate and publish research on Buddhist philosophy, authoring several works on the thought of Jamyang Shepa (1648-1721), and publishing them freely online under the auspices of Jeffrey Hopkins’s UMA Institute (uma-tibet.org).Bill is survived by his wife (Rabia), his son (Tristan), and his daughter (Meri). He was 72 years old. his daughter (Meri). He was 72 years old.)
De Bary, W. + (William Theodore de Bary (Chinese: 狄培理; pi … William Theodore de Bary (Chinese: 狄培理; pinyin: Dí Péilǐ; August 9, 1919 – July 14, 2017) was an American Sinologist and scholar of East Asian philosophy who was a professor and administrator at Columbia University for nearly 70 years.De Bary graduated from Columbia College in 1941, where he was a student in the first year of Columbia's famed Literature Humanities course. He then briefly took up graduate studies at Harvard University before leaving to serve in American military intelligence in the Pacific Theatre of World War Two. Upon his return, he resumed his studies at Columbia, where he completed his Ph.D. in 1953.In order to create text books for the non-Western version of the Columbia humanities course, he drew together teams of scholars to translate original source material, ''Sources of Chinese Tradition'' (1960), ''Sources of Japanese Tradition'', and ''Sources of Indian Tradition''. His extensive publications made the case for the universality of Asian values and a tradition of democratic values in Confucianism. He is recognized as training the graduate students and mentoring the scholars who created the field of Neo-Confucian studies. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wm._Theodore_de_Bary Source Accessed July 18, 2023])re_de_Bary Source Accessed July 18, 2023]))
Rockhill, W. + (William Woodville Rockhill (April 1, 1854 … William Woodville Rockhill (April 1, 1854 – December 8, 1914) was a United States diplomat, best known as the author of the U.S.'s Open Door Policy for China, the first American to learn to speak Tibetan, and one of the West's leading experts on the modern political history of China. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Woodville_Rockhill Source Accessed Aug 25, 2023])le_Rockhill Source Accessed Aug 25, 2023]))
Grosnick, W. + (Williiam Grosnick, Assistant Professor of … Williiam Grosnick, Assistant Professor of Religion at La Salle College, Philadelphia, received his Ph.D. in Buddhist Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1979. His articles on the Buddhist ''Tathāgatagarbha'' tradition have appeared in ''The Journal of the International Association for Buddhist Studies'' and the ''Proceedings of the International Conference of Orientalists'' in Japan. ([https://books.google.com/books?id=r61jYd_uDF0C&pg=PA175&lpg=PA175&dq=william+grosnick+Buddhism+professor&source=bl&ots=TFkHV3J0NN&sig=ACfU3U38FQ1F4GGaJgMNEiZULnWjSjeqYA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjWzJ2BgIbnAhWpAp0JHa4_COMQ6AEwBHoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=william%20grosnick%20Buddhism%20professor&f=false Source Accessed Jan 15, 2020])q=william%20grosnick%20Buddhism%20professor&f=false Source Accessed Jan 15, 2020]))
Huikai + (Wumen Huikai. (J. Mumon Ekai; K. Mumun Hye … Wumen Huikai. (J. Mumon Ekai; K. Mumun Hyegae 無門慧開) (1183-1260). In Chinese, "Gateless, Opening of Wisdom"; Chan master in the Linji zong; author of the eponymous ''Wumen guan'' ("Gateless Checkpoint"), one of the two most important collections of Chan gong'an (J. kōan; K. kongan). A native of Hangzhou prefecture in present-day Zhejiang province, Huikai was ordained by the monk "One Finger" Tianlong (d.u.), who also hailed from Hangzhou (see also Yizhi Chan). Wumen later went to the monastery of Wanshousi in Jiangsu province to study with Yuelin Shiguan (1143-1217), from whom Huikai received the ''wu gong'an'' of Zhao zhou Congshen; Huikai is said to have struggled with this gong’an for six years. In 1218, Huikai traveled to Baoyinsi on Mt. Anji, where he succeeded Yuelin as abbot. He subsequently served as abbot at such monasteries as Tianningsi, Pujisi, Kaiyuansi, and Baoningsi. In 1246, Huikai was appointed as abbot of Huguo Renwangsi in Hangzhou prefecture, and it is here that the Japanese Zen monk Shinichi Kakushin studied under him. Emperor Lizong (r. 1224–1264) invited Huikai to provide asermon at the Pavilion of Mysterious Virtue in the imperial palace and also to pray for rain. In honor of his achievements, the emperor bestowed upon him a golden robe and the title Chan master Foyan (Dharma Eye). (Source: "Wumen Huikai." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 1002. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Wenhui, Y. + (Yang Wenhui. (J. Yō Bunkai; K. Yang Munhoe … Yang Wenhui. (J. Yō Bunkai; K. Yang Munhoe 楊文會) (1837-1911). Chinese Buddhist layman at the end of the Qing dynasty, renowned for his efforts to revitalize modern Chinese Buddhism. A native of Anhui province, Yang fled from the Taiping Rebellion to Hangzhou prefecture. In 1862, he serendipitously acquired a copy of the ''Dasheng qixin lun'' ("Awakening of Faith According to the Mahāyāna") and became interested in Buddhism. In 1878, he traveled to England, where he served at the Chinese Embassy in London, befriending the Japanese Buddhist scholar Nanjō Bun’yū (1849-1927), who helped him to acquire Chinese Buddhist texts that had been preserved in Japan. After his return to China, Yang established a publishing press called the Jingling Kejing Chu and published more than three thousand Buddhist scriptures. In 1893, Anagārika Dharmapāla visited Yang in Shanghai. In 1894, Yang and the British missionary Timothy Richard translated the ''Dasheng qixin lun'' into English. In 1907, the Jingling Kejing Chu began to publish primers of Buddhism in various languages. In 1910, Yang also founded the Fojiao Yanjiu Hui (Buddhist Research Society), where he regularly lectured until his death in 1911. (Source: "Yang Wenhui." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 1022. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
O'Hearn, P. + (Yeshe Gyamtso completed two three-year ret … Yeshe Gyamtso completed two three-year retreats in the 1980s at Kagyu Thubten Chöling in Wappingers Falls, NY. Since then he has taught, interpreted for several Tibetan Buddhist teachers, translated a number of biographies of Buddhist historical figures, and written two books on Buddhist practice. Recent translations include Luminous Clarity (2016), Shower of Blessings (2015), and Siddhas of Ga (2013). (Source: 2017 Translation & Transmission Conference)017 Translation & Transmission Conference))
Ye shes mtsho rgyal + (Yeshe Tsogyal was the principal consort of … Yeshe Tsogyal was the principal consort of Guru Padmasambhava. She was Vajravarahi in human form and also an emanation of Tara and Buddhalochana.She was born as a princess in the clan of Kharchen. According to some accounts her father was called Namkha Yeshe and her mother was Gewa Bum. In other histories, such as the Zanglingma and the biography revealed by Taksham Nüden Dorje, her father is named as Kharchen Palgyi Wangchuk, who is otherwise said to have been her brother. Yet another version names her father as Tökar Lek and her mother as Gyalmo Tso.She became the consort of King Trisong Detsen before being offered to Guru Rinpoche as a mandala offering during an empowerment. She specialized in the practice of Vajrakilaya and experienced visions of the deity and gained accomplishment. In Nepal, she paid a ransom for Acharya Salé and took him as her spiritual consort. Through the power of her unfailing memory, she collected all the teachings given by Guru Rinpoche in Tibet and concealed them as terma. At the end of her life, it is said, she flew through the air and went directly to Zangdokpalri. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Yeshe_Tsogyal Rigpa Wiki])index.php?title=Yeshe_Tsogyal Rigpa Wiki]))
Yijing + (Yijing. (J. Gijō; K. Ǔijǒng 義淨) (635-713). … Yijing. (J. Gijō; K. Ǔijǒng 義淨) (635-713). Chinese Buddhist monk and pilgrim. Ordained at the age of twenty, Yijing dreamed of following in the footsteps of the renowned pilgrims Faxian and Xuanzang. He eventually set out for India in 671 via the Southern maritime route. After visiting the major Indian pilgrimage sites (see mahāsthāna), Yijing traveled to the monastic university at Nālandā, where he remained for the next ten years. On his return trip to China, Yijing stopped at Śrīvijaya (Palembang in Sumatra) to continue his studies. He praised the monks there for their high level of learning, describing them as primarily Hīnayāna in affiliation. It was in Śrīvijaya that he began to compose his record of his travels, the ''Nanhai jigui neifa zhuan'', which remains an important source on the practice of Buddhism in the many regions where he traveled and for understanding the various nikāya affiliations of the period. It was also during his time in Śrīvijaya that Yijing began his translation of the massive ''Mūlasarvāstivāda vinaya''. When he ran out of paper and ink, he made a brief trip back to China in 689 to retrieve more writing supplies and then returned to Śrīvijaya. After a thirty=year sojourn overseas, Yijing finally returned to China in 695 with some four hundred Sanskrit texts and three hundred grains of the Buddha's relics (''śarīra''). Yijing was warmly welcomed in the capital of Luoyang by Empress Wu Zetian, who appointed him to the monastery of Foshoujisi. Later, from 695 to 699, Yijing participated in Śikṣānanda's new translation of the ''Avataṃsakasūtra'' and devoted the next decade or so to the translation of the scriptures that he had brought back with him from India. In addition to the ''Mūlasarvāstivāda vinaya'', his translations also include several important Yogācāra treatises and tantras. His writings also include a collection of the biographies of renowned East Asian Buddhist pilgrims to India, the Da Tang xiyu qiufa gaoseng zhuan. (Source: "Yijing." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 1028. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Imaeda, Y. + (Yoshiro Imaeda (Japanese: 今枝由郎, Hepburn: … Yoshiro Imaeda (Japanese: 今枝由郎, Hepburn: Imaeda Yoshirō, born 1947) is a Japanese-born Tibetologist who has spent his career in France. He is director of research emeritus at the National Center for Scientific Research in France.Born in Aichi Prefecture, Imaeda graduated from the Otani University Faculty of Letters, where he studied with Shoju Inaba, under whose advice he pursued graduate studies in France, where he earned his Ph.D. at Paris VII. He began work at the CNRS[clarification needed] in 1974. Between 1981 and 1990, he worked as an adviser to the National Library of Bhutan Bhutan. In 1995, he was a visiting professor at the University of California, Berkeley, and has also held a visiting appointment at Columbia University.His research has focused on Dunhuang Tibetan documents, but he has also translated the poems of the VI Dalai lama, and produced a catalog of Kanjur texts. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoshiro_Imaeda Source Accessed Feb 2, 2024])shiro_Imaeda Source Accessed Feb 2, 2024]))
Lee, Younghee + (Younghee Lee earned her Ph.D. from the Uni … Younghee Lee earned her Ph.D. from the University of Hawai'i at Manoa and has taught at Smith College and the University of Aukland, where she serves concurrently as the Director of the Korean Studies Centre of the New Zealand Institute. Presently, she is an Honorary Research Fellow at the School of Asian Studies, University of Aukland. Among her publications are ''Ideology, Culture and Han: Traditional and Early Modern Korean Women's Literature'' (2002) and several articles on Buddhist ''kasa''. ([https://www.jstor.org/stable/23943319 Source Accessed Aug 11, 2023])le/23943319 Source Accessed Aug 11, 2023]))
Larson, Z. + (Zach Larson is a practitioner in the Longc … Zach Larson is a practitioner in the Longchen Nyingthig lineage of the Nyingma School, who works as a translator, editor and author. He was born in 1978 in Wisconsin and received a BA in "Buddhism and Politics" at UW-Madison in 2001 after a year-long study-abroad program in Kathmandu, Nepal in which he met his first teacher, Changling Tulku Rinpoche of Shechen Monastery, with whom he studied the Longchen Nyinthig preliminaries for six months. While working on the research project "Nonviolence in Tibetan Culture: A glimpse at how Tibetans view and practice nonviolence in politics and daily life," he met and received profound blessings from Chatral Sangye Dorje Rinpoche and offered to compile and translate teachings by him in the coming years. Chatral Rinpoche approved of the idea, and Larson returned to Wisconsin to study Tibetan language and Buddhism for three years at the UW-Madison Graduate School. He returned to Nepal in 2004 and compiled, edited, and translated Chatral Rinpoche's biography and teachings into the book ''Compassionate Action: The Teachings of Chatral Rinpoche'', which was published by Shechen Publications in New Delhi in 2005.Larson attended the full Nyingma Kama Wang with Trulshik Rinpoche in the winter of 2004 in Boudha and received the Kunsang Lama'i Shelung empowerment from Tsetrul Rinpoche in January 2005.Snow Lion Publications released an expanded and updated version of ''Compassionate Action'' in 2007. The book has since been translated into Spanish (2009), Indonesian (2009), and Russian (2010). ([https://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/Zachary_Larson Source Accessed Nov 21, 2023])hary_Larson Source Accessed Nov 21, 2023]))
Zaya Pandita + (Zaya Pandita or Namkhaijamts (1599–1662) w … Zaya Pandita or Namkhaijamts (1599–1662) was a Buddhist missionary priest and scholar of Oirat origin who is the most prominent Oirat Buddhist scholar. Among his accomplishments is the invention of the Clear Script.Zaya Pandita was the fifth son of Babakhan, a minor Khoshut prince. After Babakhan converted to Tibetan Buddhism in the early 17th century, he, like many other Oirat princes, wished for one of his sons to enter the Buddhist clergy. In pursuit of his wish, Babakhan chose Zaya to become a śrāmaṇera ("novice monk"). In 1615, Zaya journeyed to Lhasa where he would study and practice Buddhism, including study under the guidance of the Lobsang Chökyi Gyaltsen, 4th Panchen Lama.In 1638, Zaya Pandita left Tibet at the direction of the Panchen Lama to conduct missionary work among the Mongols. One year later in 1640, he assisted Erdeni Batur, Khun Taiyishi of the Choros (Oirats) tribe, in assembling a pan-Mongol conference between the Oirat and the Khalkha Mongols. The purpose of the conference was to encourage the formation of a united Mongolian front against potential external enemies, such as the Kazakhs, Manchus, and Russians and to settle all internal matters peacefully. The conference produced a code, which provided protection from foreign aggression to both the Oirat and the Khalkha and guaranteed the free movement of people throughout Mongol land.When not engaged in diplomacy between the Oirat and the Khalkha, Zaya Pandita spread Tibetan Buddhism to the Oirats, the Khalkha and even the Kalmyk people in far away Russia. In furtherance of his missionary work, Zaya Pandita composed a new alphabet, based on the traditional Mongolian alphabet, called "Clear script" (''todo bichig'') to transcribe the Oirat language as it is pronounced. By doing so, Zaya Pandita eliminated the ambiguities of the traditional Mongolian alphabet.From the time Zaya Pandita developed the Clear Script in 1648 until his death in 1662, he translated approximately 186 Buddhist texts from Tibetan language to the Oirat language while still serving the religious needs of the Oirat tribes in Dzungaria.The todo bichig script is still used by Oirats in Xinjiang with slight revisions, and is taught alongside standard classical written Mongolian in that region. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaya_Pandita Source Accessed Oct 6, 2023])According to Fredrick Liland, "The Oirat scholar Zaya Pandita (1599-1662) according to his biography made a new translation of the BCA. Zaya Pandita was influential in spreading the Buddhist faith also among the Kalmyks, a Mongolian people who migrated to the shore of the Caspian Sea in the 17th Century. He is said to have translated a large number of texts into the Oirat/Kalmyk language, so it is quite likely that the BCA was among these. The translation of Zaya Pandita has however not been found. (Source: Liland, Fredrik. "Later Editions and Translations." In "The Transmission of the Bodhicaryāvatāra: The History, Diffusion, and Influence of a Mahāyāna Buddhist Text," 49–58. MA thesis, University of Oslo, 2009.)–58. MA thesis, University of Oslo, 2009.))
Goddard, V. + (Zuisei is a writer and lay Zen teacher bas … Zuisei is a writer and lay Zen teacher based in Playa del Carmen in the south of Mexico. Zuisei lived and trained full time at Zen Mountain Monastery from 1995 to 2018, and was a monk for fourteen of those years. In 2018 she received ''shiho'' or dharma transmission (empowerment to teach) from Geoffrey Shugen Arnold Roshi, and after a short stint in New York City, moved back to Mexico, where she is originally from, and began teaching virtually.She has served as the Teachings Editor at the Buddhist journal ''Tricycle'', and her dharma writing has been featured there as well as in ''Lion's Roar'', ''Buddhadharma'', and ''Parabola''. Her books include ''Still Running: The Art of Meditation in Motion'' and the children's book ''Weather Any Storm''. As Ocean Mind Sangha's Guiding Teacher, Zuisei continues to welcome students for group and private teaching. ([https://www.oceanmindsangha.org/zuisei-goddard Source Accessed April 25, 2024])i-goddard Source Accessed April 25, 2024]))
Patel, P. + ([Prabhubhai Bhikhabhai Patel] belonged to … [Prabhubhai Bhikhabhai Patel] belonged to a peasant family of Kunabi caste and was born at Sarpor-Pardi of the district of Surat in 1906. He had one sister and five brothers, he himself being the fourth. His father was Sri Bhikhabhai and mother Srimati Benabai. His education began at the village school of Satem andthence he was sent with his nephew Sri Govindaji Bhulabhai Patel, now a Homeopathic Physician atNavasari, to the Central Boarding School of Supa. It was a village middle school. After his reading up to Matriculation came the call of Mahatma Gandhi for triple boycott of schools and colleges, Government Law Courts and foreign cloths. This was in 1919. Having given up school he joined a National School at Surat and from that time till his death he used to put on ''khaddar'' [homespun cotton cloth of India].After two years in 1921 he went to the Gujarat Vidyapith, the National University founded by Mahatma Gandhi, and plunged deep in Congress ideology. There he came under the influence of such leaders and thinkers as Principal A. T. Gidwani, Acharya J. B. Kripalani, Kaka Kalelkar and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, andProf. Dharmananda Kausambi. The last-named teacher impressed upon him the glory of the ancient lore ofIndia.Prabhubhai then come to Visva-bharati, Santiniketan with some other students from that part of the country. Indeed, it was owing to his personal influence that at that time a good number of Gujarati students came to Santiniketan and joined the different departments of Visva-bharati. In due time Prabhubhai was admitted to the Yidya-bhavana, the Research Department of the institution of which I was then the Principal. I had there the good fortune of teaching students coming not only from the different parts of the country, but also from such distant lands as Japan and Germany.As a student Prabhubhai endeared himself to all his teachers and inmates of the Asrama including our revered Gurudeva, Rabindranath. He was very intelligent and promising. In the Vidya-bhavana he was one of those students who studied under my personal guidance and I felt fortunate and proud to have him as a pupil. His subject of study here was Buddhism with special reference to its Tibetan and Chinese sources.Here in Yisva-bharati he lived for more than seven years and made it almost his permanent home. Once again come the call from Mahatma Gandhi, and Prabhubhai left his studies for the time being in order to serve his motherland and courted arrest and was imprisoned. This proved too much for him, for after two years of jail life he came out a total wreck in health. His robust constitution broke down and he developed hemiplagia from a little strain in his spine. Best of India's doctors, physicians, surgeons and specialists in nature-cure could do no better than giving some temporary relief. He removed to the house of his nephew Dr. G. B. Patel, already referred to, at Navasari. He was now a complete invalid, crippled and confined to his wheel-chair and bed, but his mind was clear till the end which came on the 30th December, 1942. He was taken to his village home where he breathed his last after an agony of red sores and now lies buried in his family land. He remained unmarried after the divorce from his wife with whom he was married at a very tender age according to the social custom prevailing there at the time. (Vidhushekhara Bhattacharya, foreword to ''Cittavisuddhiprakarana of Aryadeva'', vi–vii)tavisuddhiprakarana of Aryadeva'', vi–vii))
Tshe mchog gling ye shes rgyal mtshan + ([https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A1%E … [https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%9B%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B You can read a short Tibetan biography on the Bo Wiki here]. First Tsechokling Yongdzin Tulku, Yeshe Gyeltsen (yongs 'dzin ye shes rgyal mtshan, 1713-1793) was an important scholar of the Geluk School of Tibetan Buddhism and was a tutor of the 8th Dalai Lama Jampel Gyatsho (1758-1804).He received his education in the monastery Trashilhünpo. In 1756 he founded the monastery Trashi Samtenling (bkra shis bsam gtan gling).One of his most famous works is The Necklace of Clear Understanding, An Elucidation of Mind and Mental Factors (Tib. སེམས་དང་སེམས་བྱུང་གི་ཚུལ་གསལ་པར་སྟོན་པ་བློ་གསལ་མགུལ་རྒྱན་, Wyl. sems dang sems-byung gi tshul gsal-par ston-pa blo gsal mgul rgyan). A commentary on the Abhidharma topic of the mind and mental factors. This Tibetan text has been translated into English by Herbert Guenther & Leslie S. Kawamura, in a text entitled Mind in Buddhist Psychology. ([https://encyclopediaofbuddhism.org/wiki/Yongdzin_Yeshe_Gyeltsen Source: Encyclopedia of Buddhism])Six printings of his collected works (each in 19 or 25 volumes, depending on the printing, and [[Yongs 'dzin ye shes rgyal mtshan gyi gsung 'bum|32 volumes in modern book print]]) are cataloged on [https://library.bdrc.io/show/bdr:WA1022 BDRC.org].ary.bdrc.io/show/bdr:WA1022 BDRC.org].)
Smith, G. + ([https://www.tbrc.org/#!footer/about/genes … [https://www.tbrc.org/#!footer/about/genesmith Founder of TBRC, now BDRC]*[https://84000.co/obituary-of-e-gene-smith/ Obituary on 84000]*[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/01/01/AR2011010102390.html Obituary in Washington Post]*[http://digitaldharma.com/home Documentary film about his life and work: Digital Dharma]''[https://www.tbrc.org/#!footer/about/genesmith Biography from BDRC]:'' E. Gene Smith (BDRC Founder and Senior Research Scholar) was born in Ogden, Utah in 1936. He studied at a variety of institutions of higher education in the United States: Adelphi College, Hobart College, University of Utah, and the University of Washington in Seattle.In 1959, the Rockefeller Foundation, seeing the opportunity to promote Tibetan studies, funded the establishment of nine centers of excellence worldwide, one of which was at the University of Washington.Under the auspices of the Rockefeller grant to the Far Eastern and Russian Institute, nine Tibetans were brought to Seattle for teaching and research, including the Ven. Deshung Rinpoche Kunga Tenpai Nyima, the tutor to the Sakya Phuntsho Phodrang. Smith had the good fortune to study Tibetan culture as well as Buddhism with Deshung Rinpoche and the rest of the Tibetan teachers in Seattle from 1960 to 1964. He lived with the Sakya family for five years. He spent the summer of 1962 travelling to the other Rockefeller centers in Europe to meet with the Tibetan savants there.In 1964 he completed his Ph.D. qualifying exams and travelled to Leiden for advanced studies in Sanskrit and Pali. In 1965 he went to India under a Foreign Area Fellowship Program (Ford Foundation) grant to study with living exponents of all of the Tibetan Buddhist and Bonpo traditions.He began his studies with Geshe Lobsang Lungtok (Ganden Changtse), Drukpa Thoosay Rinpoche and Khenpo Noryang, and H.H. Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche. He decided to remain in India to continue serious study of Tibetan Buddhism and culture. He travelled extensively in the borderlands of India and Nepal. In 1968 he joined the Library of Congress New Delhi Field Office. He then began a project which was to last over the next two and a half decades: the reprinting of the Tibetan books which had been brought by the exile community or were with members of the Tibetan-speaking communities in Sikkim, Bhutan, India, and Nepal.He became field director of the Library of Congress Field Office in India in 1980 and served there until 1985 when he was transferred to Indonesia. He stayed in Jakarta running the Southeast Asian programs until 1994 when he was assigned to the LC Middle Eastern Office in Cairo.In February 1997 he took early retirement from the U.S. Library of Congress to become a consultant to the Trace Foundation for the establishment of the Himalayan and Inner Asian Resources (HIAR) library.In December 1999 he and a group of friends established the Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center in Cambridge.He passed away on December 16, 2010. (Source Accessed on June 30, 2020), 2010. (Source Accessed on June 30, 2020))
Mkhan chen zla zer + (he was from Rahor, a branch of Dzogchen mo … he was from Rahor, a branch of Dzogchen monastery founded by the Third Dzogchen Rinpoche in Gyalrong near Dergé. He was a student of Pöpa Tulku. He escaped from Tibet together with his former classmate Rahor Khenpo Tupten and went together with him to Sikkim via Bhutan.He taught at Namdroling in South India, where he also compiled a collection of prayers and liturgies used in Nyingma rituals, and eventually returned to Tibet, where he taught at the Shri Singha Shedra at Dzogchen Monastery. ([https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Khenpo_Daw%C3%A9_%C3%96zer Source Accessed on January 24, 2024])'''Read more: ''':Marilyn Silverstone, 'Five Nyingmapa Lamas in Sikkim', Kailash: A Journal of Himalayan Studies, 1973, vol. 1.1:Nyoshul Khenpo, A Marvelous Garland of Rare Gems, Padma Publishing, 2005, p. 480'''Writings:'''*དོན་རྣམ་འགྲེལ་པ་ལུང་རིགས་དོ་ཤལ་, don rnam 'grel pa lung rigs do shal (Necklace of Scripture and Reasoning: A Commentary on Mipham Rinpoche's Sword of Wisdom for Thoroughly Ascertaining Reality, ཤེས་རབ་རལ་གྲི་དོན་རྣམ་ངེས) (composed in 1982): https://library.bdrc.io/show/bdr:MW1KG4451*ཆོས་སྤྱོད་བསྡུས་པ་ཕན་བདེའི་དགའ་སྟོན་, chos spyod bsdus pa phan bde'i dga' ston (editor)yod bsdus pa phan bde'i dga' ston (editor))
Lojda, L. + (is a Ph.D. candidate at the University of … is a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Vienna. Her teaching areas include Asian Art in Viennese Collections and Ritual Art of the Tibetan Bön tradition. She is co-editor of the exhibition catalogue ''Bön: Geister aus Butter: Kunst und Ritual des alten Tibet'', with Deborah Klimburg-Salter, and Charles Ramble.Wien: Museum für Völkerkunde 2013, and also of the first volume of the papers from the 20th conference of the European Association for South Asian Archaeology and Art entitled ''Changing Forms and Cultural Identity: Religious and Secular Iconographies'', edited by Deborah Klimburg-Salter, and Linda Lojda. Turnhout: Brepols 2014. ([https://brill.com/display/book/9789004307438/B9789004307438_001.xml Source Accessed Aug 1, 2023])7438_001.xml Source Accessed Aug 1, 2023]))
Senart, É. + (Émile Charles Marie Senart (26 March 1847 … Émile Charles Marie Senart (26 March 1847 – 21 February 1928) was a French Indologist.[1]Besides numerous epigraphic works, we owe him several translations in French of Buddhist and Hindu texts, including several Upaniṣad.He was Paul Pelliot's professor at the Collège de France.He was elected a member of the Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres in 1882, president of the Société asiatique from 1908 to 1928 and founder of the "Association française des amis de l'Orient" in 1920. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Senart Source Accessed Aug 25, 2023])mile_Senart Source Accessed Aug 25, 2023]))
Śaṃkarasvāmin + (Śaṃkarasvāmin. (T. Bde byed bdag po; C. Sh … Śaṃkarasvāmin. (T. Bde byed bdag po; C. Shangjieluozhu; J. Shökarashu; K. Sanggallaju 商羯羅主) (c. sixth Century CE). Sanskrit proper name of an Indian philosopher and logician, who was a student of the Indian logician Dignāga. Śaṃkarasvāmin is credited with the authorship of the ''Nyāyapraveśa'', or "Primer on Logic," which became an important work in many Asian schools. Some have argued, based on the Tibetan tradition, that the ''Nyāyapraveśa'' was actually written by Śaṃkarasvāmin's teacher Dignāga, and that the recension translated into Chinese is a version that Śaṃkarasvāmin later edited. The ''Nyāyapraveśa'' provides an introduction to the logical system of Dignāga, covering such subjects as valid and invalid methods of proof, methods of refutation, perception, erroneous perception, inference, and erroneous inference. Although Śaṃkarasvāmin's work was not as extensive, detailed, or original Dignāga's, it proved to be popular within the tradition, as attested by its extensive commentarial literature, including exegeses by non-Buddhists. Large parts of the work survive in the original Sanskrit. (Source: "Śaṃkarasvāmin." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 755. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Śāntideva + (Śāntideva (late 7th to mid-8th century CE) … Śāntideva (late 7th to mid-8th century CE) was a Buddhist monk, philosopher, and poet whose reflections on the overall structure of Buddhist moral commitments reach a level of generality and theoretical power that is hard to find elsewhere in Indian thought. His writings were immensely influential in the development of the Tibetan religious tradition. Though Śāntideva repeatedly denied that he had said anything original, his two major works may nevertheless represent the single most significant contribution of the Buddhist tradition to the global enterprise of ethical theory. And some of Śāntideva’s poetic passages exhibit an emotional and rhetorical power that gives them a claim to be included among the greatest achievements of world literature. (Source: [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/shantideva/ The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]) The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]))
Ǔich'ǒn + (Ǔich'ǒn. (C. Yitian) (1055-1101). Korean p … Ǔich'ǒn. (C. Yitian) (1055-1101). Korean prince, monk, and bibliophile, and putative founder of the Ch’ōnt’ae chong (C. Tiantai zong) in Korea. Ǔich'ǒn was born the fourth son of the Koryǔ king Munjong (r. 1047-1082). In 1065, Ǔich'ǒn was ordained by the royal preceptor (wangsa) Kyǒngdǒk Nanwǒn (999-1066) at the royal monastery of Yǒngt’ongsa in the Koryǒ capital of Kaesǒng. Under Nanwǒn, Ǔich'ǒn studiedthe teachings of the ''Avatamsakasūtra'' and its various commentaries. In 1067, at the age of twelve, Ǔich'ǒn was appointed 'saṃgha overseer' (K. sǔngt’ong; C. sengtong). Ǔich'ǒn is known on several occasions to have requested permission from his royal father to travel abroad to China, but the king consistently denied his request. Finally, in 1085, Ǔich'ǒn secretly boarded a Chinese trading ship and traveled to the mainland against his father’s wishes. Ǔich'ǒn is said to have spent about fourteen months abroad studying under various teachers. His father sent his friend and colleague Nakchin (1045-1114) after Ǔich'ǒn, but they ended up studying together with the Huayan teacher Jingyuan (1011-1088) of Huiyinsi in Hangzhou. Ǔich'ǒn and Nakchin returned to Korea in 1086 with numerous texts that Ǔich'ǒn acquired during his sojourn in China. While residing as the abbot of the new monastery of Hǔngwangsa in the capital, Ǔich'ǒn devoted his time to teaching his disciples and collecting works from across East Asia, including the Khitan Liao kingdom. He sent agents throughout the region to collect copies of the indigenous writings of East Asian Buddhists, which he considered to be the equal of works by the bodhisattva exegetes of the imported Indian scholastic tradition. A large monastic library known as Kyojang Togam was established at Hǔngwangsa to house the texts that Ǔich'ǒn collected. In 1090, Ǔich'ǒn published a bibliographical catalogue of the texts housed at Hǔngwangsa, entitled ''Sinp'yǒn chejong kyojang ch’ongnok'' ('Comprehensive Catalogue of the Doctrinal Repository of All the Schools'), which lists some 1,010 titles in 4,740 rolls. The Hǔngwangsa collection of texts was carved on woodblocks and titled the ''Koryǒ sokchanggyǒng'' ("Koryǒ Supplement to the Canon"), which was especially important for its inclusion of a broad cross section of the writings of East Asian Buddhist teachers. (The one exception was works associated with the Chan or Sǒn tradition, which Ǔich'ǒn refused to collect because of their "many heresies.") Unfortunately, the xylographs of the supplementary canon were burned during the Mongol invasion of Koryǒ in 1231, and many of the works included in the collection are now lost and known onlythrough their reference in Ǔich'ǒn’s catalogue. In 1097, Ǔich'ǒn was appointed the founding abbot of the new monastery of Kukch’ǒngsa (named after the renowned Chinese monastery of Guoqingsi on Mt. Tiantai). There, he began to teach Ch'ǒnt’ae thought and practice and is said to have attracted more than athousand students. Ǔich'ǒn seems to have seen the Tiantai/Ch’ǒnt’ae synthesis of meditation and doctrine as a possible means of reconciling the Sǒn and doctrinal (kyo) traditions in Korea. Ǔich'ǒn’s efforts have subsequently been regarded as the official foundation of the Ch’ǒnt’ae school in Korea; however, it seems Ǔich'ǒn was not actually attempting to start a new school, but merely to reestablish the study of Ch’ǒnt’ae texts in Korea. He was awarded the posthumous title of state preceptor (K. kuksa; C. Guoshi) Taegak (Great Enlightenment). (Source: "Ǔich'ǒn." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 935–36. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))

Adams, M. + (Namdrol Miranda Adams holds an MA in Educa … Namdrol Miranda Adams holds an MA in Education with a focus on Educational Leadership and Policy from Portland State University, and a BA in English Literature from New York University. Since 1998 she has dedicated her life to the study and practice of the Tibetan language and the Tibetan Buddhist tradition, seven of those as a Buddhist nun. She studied the traditional texts and their commentaries at Deer Park Monastery in Wisconsin from 1998–2003 and her editing and translation work includes ''Practicing the Path'', the ''Rubin Foundation's Treasury of Lives'', ''Karmapa 900'', and the ''Lama Yeshe Wisdom Archive's Kopan Lam Rim Courses''. She has been the assistant of Yangsi Rinpoche since 1999 and is one of the founders of Maitripa College, where she is Dean of Education. (Source: [https://wisdomexperience.org/product/practicing-path/ Wisdom Publications])uct/practicing-path/ Wisdom Publications]))

A paM gter ston chos dbyings rdo rje + ('''Apang Terchen Orgyen Trinlé Lingpa (189 … '''Apang Terchen Orgyen Trinlé Lingpa (1895-1945)'''Choktrul Lozang Tendzin of Trehor studied with the lord Kunga Palden and the Chömaster Dharma Seng-gé, and Apang Terchen in turn studied with Lozang Tendzin.Apang Terchen, also known as Orgyen Trinlé Lingpa, was renowned as the rebirth ofRigdzin Gödem. He was reputed to have been conceived in the following way: TraktungDudjom Lingpa focused his enlightened intent while resting in the basic spaceof timeless awareness, whereupon Apang Terchen's mother experienced an intensesurge of delight. This caused all ordinary concepts based on confusion to be arrestedin her mind for a short time, and it was then that Apang Terchen was conceived in herwomb.2 From that moment on, his mother constantly had dreams that were amazingomens. For example, she found herself among groups of dakinis enjoying the splendorof ganachakras, or being bathed by many dakas and dakinis, or dwelling in pavilionsof light, illuminating the entire world with her radiance.The child was born one morning at dawn, in the area of Serta in eastern Tibet, hismother having experienced no discomfort. Her dwelling was filled with [2.188a] andsurrounded by light, as though the sun were shining brightly. There were also pavilionsof light, and a fragrance pervaded the entire area, although no one could tellwhere it came from. Everyone saw numerous amazing signs on the child's body, suchas a tuft of vulture feathers adorning the crown of his head.3 The mother's brother,Sönam Dorjé, asked, "What will become of this boy who has no father? How shamefulit would be if people saw these feathers!"4 But although he cut the feather tuftoff the child's head several times, it grew back on its own, just as before. This upsetSönam Dorjé even more, and he berated his sister angrily, saying on numerous occasions,"How could your child have no father? You must tell me who he is!" Hissister retorted, "With the truth of karma as my witness, I swear I have never lain witha flesh-and-blood man of this world. This pregnancy might be a result of my ownkarma." She became so extremely depressed that her fellow villagers couldn't bear itand used various means to bring a halt to her brother's inappropriate behavior.From an early age, this great master, Apang Terchen, felt an innate and unshakablefaith in Guru Rinpoché and had a clear and natural knowledge [2.188b] of the ''vajra guru'' mantra and the Seven-Line Supplication. He learned how to read and writesimply upon being shown the letters and exhibited incredible signs of his spiritual potentialawakening. For example, his intelligence, which had been developed throughtraining in former lifetimes, was such that no one could compete with him. As hegrew up, he turned his attention toward seeking the quintessential meaning of life.He studied at the feet of many teachers and mentors, including the Nyingtik masterGyatsok Lama Damlo and Terchen Sogyal, studying many of the mainstream traditionsof the sutras and tantras, especially those of the kama and terma.The most extraordinary lord of his spiritual family was Trehor Drakar Tulku,5with whom he studied for a long time, receiving the complete range of empowerments,oral transmissions, and pith instructions of the secret Nyingtik cycles of utter lucidity.He went to solitary ravines throughout the region, making caves and overhangson cliffs his dwelling places, taking birds and wild animals as his companions, andrelying on the most ragged clothing and meager diet. He planted the victory bannerof spiritual practice, meditating for a long period of time. He was graced by visions ofan enormous array of his personal meditation deities, [2.189a] including Tara, Avalokiteshvara,Mañjushri, Sarasvati, and Amitayus. He was not content to leave thetrue nature of phenomena an object of intellectual speculation, and his realizationprogressed in leaps and bounds.Apang Terchen bound the eight classes of gods and demons — including such spiritsas Nyenchen Tanglha, Ma Pomra, and Sergyi Drong-ri Mukpo6 — to his service.He communicated directly with Tsiu Marpo, the white form of Mahakala, Ganapati,and other protective deities, like one person conversing with another, and enjoinedthem to carry out his enlightened activities. So great was his might that he also boundthese protective deities to his service, causing lightning to strike and so forth, so thatthose who had become his enemies were checked by very direct means, before years,months, or even days had passed.Notably, he beheld the great master of Orgyen in a vision and was blessed as theregent of Guru Padmakara's three secret aspects. On the basis of a prophecy he receivedat that time, Apang Terchen journeyed to amazing holy sites, such as DraklhaGönpo in Gyalrong, Khandro Bumdzong in the lowlands of eastern Tibet, and DorjéTreldzong in Drakar, where he revealed countless terma caches consisting of teachings,objects of wealth, and sacred substances. He revealed some of them in secret,others in the presence of large crowds. In these ways, he revealed a huge trove of profoundtermas. [2.189b] Those revealed publicly were brought forth in the presence ofmany fortunate people and in conjunction with truly incredible omens, which freedall present from the bonds of doubt and inspired unshakable faith in them. ApangTerchen's fame as an undisputed siddha and tertön resounded throughout the land, asthough powerful enough to cause the earth to quake. His terma teachings are foundin the numerous volumes of his collected works and include ''The Hidden Treasure of Enlightened Mind: The Thirteen Red Deities'', practices focusing on the Three Roots, cycles concerning guardian deities and the principle of enlightened activity, and his large instruction manual on Dzogchen teachings.Apang Terchen's students, from Dartsedo in the east, to Repkong in Amdo to thenorth, to the three regions of Golok and other areas, included mentors who nurturedthe teachings and beings, masters such as those known as the "four great illuminatorsof the teachings," the "four vajra ridgepoles,11 the "four named Gyatso," the "greatmasters, the paired sun and moon," and Jangchub Dorjé (the custodian of ApangTerchen's termas).7 He also taught important political figures who exerted greatinfluence over the people of their areas, including the "four great chieftains of theregion of Dza in the north," [2.190a] that is, Getsé Tsering Dorjé of Dza in the northernreaches of eastern Tibet, Gönlha of Akyong in Golok, Mewa Namlo of the Méregion of Golok, and the chieftain of Serta in Washul. Apang Terchen's students alsoincluded countless monks, nuns, villagers, and lay tantric practitioners. He transmittedhis own termas and the great Nyingtik cycles of the Dzogchen teachings, and sonumerous were those he guided that he truly embodied the enlightened activity ofone who held sway over the three realms. In these times of spiritual degeneration, healleviated problems caused by disease, famine, border wars, and civil unrest. In suchways, Apang Terchen rendered great service to the land of Tibet. His kindness to theTibetan people as a whole was truly extraordinary, for he worked to ensure a gloriousstate of peace and well-being.During a pilgrimage to Jowo Yizhin Norbu, the statue of the lord Shakyamuni inLhasa, Apang Terchen paid respect to many tens of thousands of ordained membersof the sangha, sponsoring ganachakras, making offerings, and offering meals, tea,and donations at such monastic centers as Sera, Drepung, and Ganden. He sponsoredthe gilding of statues in these centers and in such ways strove to reinforce his positivequalities. Everyone could see that no matter how many avenues he found to extendgenerosity, his resources of gold, silver, and other valuables [2.190b] continued toincrease, as though he had access to a treasure mine.Among his heart children and intimate students were his sons, Gyurmé Dorjé,Wangchen Nyima, and Dotrul Rinpoché; his daughter, Tare Lhamo; and the custodianof his termas, Jangchub Dorjé. Until recently, Tare Lhamo lived in eastern Tibet,maintaining the teachings.8Thus did Apang Terchen benefit beings with his incredible compassion and activities.As his life was nearing an end, he remarked, "For the sake of the teachings andof beings, I must enter the bloodline of the glorious Sakya school." This fearless lion'sroar proved to be his last testament, spoken with an unobscured awareness of past,present, and future. He then manifested incredible miracles and departed for thegreat palace of Pema Ö.Source: Richard Barron translation of Nyoshul Khenpo, A Marvelous Garland of Rare Gems: Biographies of Masters of Awareness in the Dzogchen Lineage, Padma Publications, 2005, pages 488-491., Padma Publications, 2005, pages 488-491.)
Decleer, H. + ('''In Memoriam: Hubert Decleer (1940–2021) … '''In Memoriam: Hubert Decleer (1940–2021)''':by Andrew QuintmanWith great sadness, we share news that our incomparable teacher, mentor, colleague, and friend Hubert Decleer passed away peacefully on Wednesday, August 25. He was at his home with his wife, the poet Nazneen Zafar, in Kathmandu, Nepal, near the Swayambhū Mahācaitya that had been his constant inspiration for nearly five decades. His health declined rapidly following a diagnosis of advanced-stage lung cancer in May, but he remained lucid and in high spirits and over the past weeks he was surrounded by family members and close friends. Through his final hours, he maintained his love of Himalayan scholarship and black coffee, and his deep and quiet commitment to Buddhist practice.Hubert’s contributions to the study of Tibetan and Himalayan traditions are expansive, covering the religious, literary, and cultural histories of Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, and India. For nearly thirty-five years he directed and advised the School for International Training’s program for Tibetan Studies, an undergraduate study-abroad program that has served as a starting point for scholars currently working in fields as diverse as Anthropology, Art History, Education, Conservation, History, Religious Studies, Philosophy, and Public Policy. The countless scholars he inspired are connected by the undercurrent of Hubert's indelible "light touch" and all the subtle and formative lessons he imparted as a mentor and friend.Hubert embodied a seemingly inexhaustible curiosity that spanned kaleidoscopic interests ranging from Chinese landscapes to Netherlandish still lifes, medieval Tibetan pilgrimage literature to French cinema, 1940s bebop to classical Hindustani vocal performance. With legendary hospitality, his home, informally dubbed “The Institute,” was an oasis for scholars, former students, artists, and musicians, who came to share a simple dinner of daal bhaat or a coffee on the terrace overlooking Swayambhū. The conversations that took place on that terrace often unearthed a text or image or reference that turned out to be the missing link in the visitor's current research project. When not discussing scholarship, Hubert inspired his friends to appreciate the intelligence and charm of animals—monkeys and crows especially—or to enjoy the marvels of a blossoming potted plum tree. His attentiveness to the world around him generated intense sensitivity and compassion. He was an accomplished painter and a captivating storyteller, ever ready with accounts of the artists’ scene in Europe or his numerous overland journeys to Asia. The stories from long ago flowed freely and very often revealed some important insight about the present moment, however discrete. Hubert François Kamiel Decleer was born on August 22, 1940, in Ostend, Belgium. In 1946, he spent three months in Switzerland with a group of sixty children whose parents served in the Résistance. He completed his Latin-Greek Humaniora at the Royal Atheneum in Ostend in 1958, when he was awarded the Jacques Kets National Prize for biology by the Royal Zoo Society of Antwerp. He developed a keen interest in the arts, and during this period he also held his first exhibition of oil paintings and gouaches. In 1959 he finished his B.A. in History and Dutch Literature at the Regent School in Ghent. Between 1960 and 1963 he taught Dutch and History at the Hotel and Technical School in Ostend, punctuated by a period of military service near Köln, Germany in 1961–62. The highlight of his military career was the founding of a musical group (for which he played drums) that entertained officers’ balls with covers of Ray Charles and other hits of the day. In 1963 Hubert made the first of his many trips to Asia, hitchhiking for thirteen months from Europe to India and through to Ceylon. Returning to Belgium in 1964, he then worked at the artists’ café La Chèvre Folle in Ostend, where he organized fortnightly exhibitions and occasional cultural events. For the following few years he worked fall and winter for a Belgian travel agency in Manchester and Liverpool, England, while spending summers as a tour guide in Italy, Central Europe, and Turkey. In 1967 he began working as a guide, lecturer, and interpreter for Penn Overland Tours, based in Hereford, England. In these roles he accompanied groups of British, American, Australian, and New Zealand tourists on luxury overland trips from London to Bombay, and later London to Calcutta—excursions that took two and a half months to complete. He made twenty-six overland journeys in the course of fourteen years, during which time he also organized and introduced local musical concerts in Turkey, Pakistan, India, and later Nepal. He likewise accompanied two month-long trips through Iran with specialized international groups as well as a number of overland trips through the USSR and Central Europe. In between his travels, Hubert wrote and presented radio scenarios for Belgian Radio and Television (including work on a prize-winning documentary on Nepal) and for the cultural program Woord. The experiences of hospitality and cultural translation that Hubert accumulated on his many journeys supported his work as a teacher and guide; he was always ready with a hint of how one might better navigate the awkward state of being a stranger in a new place. With the birth of his daughter Cascia in 1972, Hubert’s travels paused for several years as he took a position tutoring at the Royal Atheneum in Ostend. He also worked as an art critic with a coastal weekly and lectured with concert tours of Nepalese classical musicians, cārya dancers, and the musicologist and performer Michel Dumont.In 1975, during extended layovers between India journeys, Hubert began a two-year period of training in Buddhist Chinese at the University of Louvain with pioneering Indologist and scholar of Buddhist Studies Étienne Lamotte. He recalled being particularly moved by the Buddhist teachings on impermanence he encountered in his initial studies. He also worked as a bronze-caster apprentice and assistant to sculptor—and student of Lamotte—Roland Monteyne. He then resumed his overland journeying full time, leading trips from London to Kathmandu. These included annual three-month layovers in Nepal, where he began studying Tibetan and Sanskrit with local tutors. He was a participant in the first conference of the Seminar of Young Tibetologists held in Zürich in 1977. In 1980 he settled permanently in Kathmandu, where he continued his private studies for seven years. During this period he also taught French at the Alliance Française and briefly served as secretary to the Consul at the French Embassy in Kathmandu. It was during the mid 1980s that Hubert began teaching American college students as a lecturer and fieldwork consultant for the Nepal Studies program of the School for International Training (then known as the Experiment in International Living) based in Kathmandu. In 1987 he was tasked with organizing SIT’s inaugural Tibetan Studies program, which ran in the fall of that year. Hubert served as the program’s academic director, a position he would hold for more than a decade. Under his direction, the Tibetan Studies program famously became SIT’s most nomadic college semester abroad, regularly traveling through India, Nepal, Bhutan, as well as western, central, and eastern Tibet. It was also during this period that Hubert produced some of his most memorable writings in the form of academic primers, assignments, and examinations. In 1999 Hubert stepped down as academic director to become the program’s senior faculty advisor, a position he held until his death.Hubert taught and lectured across Europe and the United States in positions that included visiting lecturer at Middlebury College and Numata visiting faculty member at the University of Vienna. Hubert’s writing covers broad swaths of geographical and historical territory, although he paid particular attention to the Buddhist traditions of Tibet and Nepal. His research focused on the transmission history of the Vajrabhairava tantras, traditional narrative accounts of the Swayambhū Purāṇa, the sacred geography of the Kathmandu Valley (his 2017 lecture on this topic, “Ambrosia for the Ears of Snowlanders,” is recorded here), and the biographies of the eleventh-century Bengali monk Atiśa. His style of presenting lectures was rooted in his work as a musician and lover of music—he prepared meticulously to be sure his talks were rhythmic, precise, and yet had an element of the spontaneous. One of his preferred mediums was the long-form book review, which incorporated new scholarship and original translations with erudite critiques of subjects ranging from Buddhist philosophy to art history and Tibetan music. His final publication, a forthcoming essay on an episode contained in the correspondence of the seventeenth-century Jesuit António de Andrade (translated by Michael Sweet and Leonard Zwilling in 2017), uses close readings of Tibetan historical sources and paintings to complicate and contextualize Andrade’s account of his mission to Tibet. This exemplifies the spirit and method of his review essays, which demonstrate his deep admiration of published scholarship through a meticulous consideration of the work and its sources, often leading to new discoveries. In addition to Hubert’s published work, some of his most endearing and enduring writing has appeared informally, in the guise of photocopied packets intended for his students. Each new semester of the SIT Tibetan Studies program would traditionally begin with what is technically called “The Academic Director’s Introduction and Welcome Letter.” These documents would be mailed out to students several weeks prior to the program, and for most other programs they were intended to inform incoming participants of the basic travel itinerary, required readings, and how many pairs of socks to pack. The Tibetan Studies welcome letter began as a humble, one-page handwritten note, impeccably penned in Hubert’s unmistakable hand. Hubert’s welcome letters evolved over the years, and they eventually morphed into collections of three or four original essays covering all manner of subjects related to Tibetan Studies, initial hints at how to approach cultural field studies, new research, and experiential education, as well as anecdotes from the previous semester illustrating major triumphs and minor disasters. The welcome letters became increasingly elaborate and in later years regularly reached fifty pages or more in length. The welcome letter for fall 1991, for example, included chapters titled “Scholarly Fever” and “The Field and the Armchair, and not ‘Stage-Struck’ in either.” By spring 1997, the welcome letter included original pieces of scholarship and translation, with a chapter on “The Case of the Royal Testaments” that presented innovative readings of the Maṇi bka’ ’bum. Only one element was missing from the welcome letter, a lacuna corrected in that same text of spring 1997, as noted by its title: Tibetan Studies Tales: An Academic Directors’ Welcome Letter—With Many Footnotes.Hubert was adamant that even college students on a study-abroad program could undertake original and creative research, either for assignments in Dharamsala, in Kathmandu or the hilly regions of Nepal, or during independent-study projects themselves, which became the capstone of the semester. Expectations were high, sometimes seemingly impossibly high, but with just the right amount of background information and encouragement, the results were often triumphs. Hubert regularly spent the months between semesters, or during the summer, producing another kind of SIT literature: the “assignment text.” These nearly always included extensive original translations of Tibetan materials and often extended background essays as well. They would usually end with a series of questions that would serve as the basis for a team research project. For fall 1994 there was “Cultural Neo-Colonialism in the Himalayas: The Politics of Enforced Religious Conversion”; later there was the assignment on the famous translator Rwa Lotsāwa called “The Melodious Drumsound All-Pervading: The Life and Complete Liberation of Majestic Lord Rwa Lotsāwa, the Yogin-Translator of Rwa, Mighty Lord in Magic Intervention.” There were extended translations of traditional pilgrimage guides for the Kathmandu Valley, including texts by the Fourth Khamtrul and the Sixth Zhamar hierarchs, for assignments where teams of students would race around the valley rim looking for an elusive footprint in stone or a guesthouse long in ruins that marked the turnoff of an old pilgrim’s trail. For many students these assignments were the first foray into field work methods, and Hubert's careful guidance helped them approach collaborations with local experts ethically and with deep respect for diverse forms of knowledge. One semester there was a project titled “The Mystery of the IV Brother Images, ’Phags pa mched bzhi” focused on the famous set of statues in Tibet and Nepal and based on new Tibetan materials that had only just come to light. Another examined the “The Tibetan World ‘Translated’ in Western Comics.” Finally, there was a classic of the genre that examined the creative nonconformity of the Bhutanese mad yogin Drugpa Kunleg in light of the American iconoclast composer and musician Frank Zappa: “A Dose of Drugpa Kunleg for the post–1984 Era: Prolegomena to a Review Article of the Real Frank Zappa Book.”Frank Zappa was, indeed, another of Hubert’s inspirations and his aforementioned review included the following passage: “If there’s one thing I do admire in FZ, it is precisely these ‘highest standards’ and utmost professional thoroughness that does not allow for any sloppiness (in the name of artistic freedom or spontaneous freedom)…. At the same time, each concert is really different, [and]…appears as a completely spontaneous event.” Hubert’s life as a scholar, teacher, and mentor was a consummate illustration of this highest ideal. Hubert is survived by his wife Nazneen Zafar; his daughter Cascia Decleer, son-in-law Diarmuid Conaty, and grandsons Keanu and Kiran Conaty; his sister Annie Decleer and brother-in-law Patrick van Calenbergh; his brother Misjel Decleer and sister-in-law Martine Thomaere; his stepmother Agnès Decleer, and half-brother Luc Decleer. A traditional cremation ceremony at the Bijeśvarī Vajrayoginī temple near Swayambhū is planned for Friday.Benjamin Bogin, Andrew Quintman, and Dominique TownsendPortions of this biographical sketch draw on the introduction to [[Himalayan Passages]]: Newar and Tibetan Studies in Honor of Hubert Decleer (Wisdom Publications, 2014))
Sperling, E. + ('''Obituary: Elliot Sperling (1951-2017)'' … '''Obituary: Elliot Sperling (1951-2017)''' by Tenzin Dorjee. (''HIMALAYA''. Volume 37, Number 1, pp 149-150)Professor Elliot Sperling’s death was a colossal tragedy byevery measure. He was only 66 years old, and he exudedlife, health, and purpose—the antithesis of death. Afterretiring from a long professorship at Indiana Universityin 2015, where he was director of the Tibetan Studiesprogram at the department of Central Eurasian Studies,Sperling moved back to his native New York. He bought anapartment in Jackson Heights, where he converted everywall into meticulously arranged bookshelves—only thewindows were spared. He was clearly looking forward toa busy retirement, living in what was basically a librarypretending to be an apartment.Sperling was the world’s foremost authority on historicalSino-Tibetan relations. For his landmark work “on the political, religious, cultural, and economic relations betweenTibet and China from the fourteenth through seventeenthcenturies,” he was awarded a MacArthur genius grant atthe age of 33.1He accumulated a compact but enduring body of work that defined and shaped Tibetan studiesover the last three decades. No less important, he was alsoa phenomenal teacher, storyteller, entertainer, whiskey connoisseur (he delighted in teaching us how to enjoythe peaty Scotch whiskies), and a passionate advocate forTibetan and Uyghur causes.Through his seminal writings on Tibet’s relations withChina during the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, hebecame arguably the first historian to use both Chineselanguage archives and Tibetan language sources extensively, bringing to light the separation and independence thatcharacterized the relationship between the two nations.Until he came along, most Western academics viewedTibet through Chinese eyes, largely because they couldnot access Tibetan sources. Sperling, fluent in Tibetan aswell as Chinese, upended the old Sino-centric narrativeand transformed the field. Roberto Vitali, who organized afestschrift for Sperling in 2014, writes that Sperling’s work“will stay as milestones” in Tibetan studies.2 His writingshave become so central to the field that any scholar whowrites a paper about historical Sino-Tibetan relations cannot do so without paying homage to Sperling’s work. He is,so to speak, the Hegel of Sino-Tibetan history.One can imagine the joy many of us felt when ProfessorSperling chose to make his home in Jackson Heights, thesecond (if unofficial) capital of the exile Tibetan world—after Dharamsala, India. We saw him at demonstrations atthe Chinese consulate, art openings at Tibet House, poetrynights at Little Tibet restaurant, and sometimes at dinnerparties in the neighborhood. At every gathering, he heldcourt as the intellectual life of the party. His friends andstudents bombarded him with questions on topics rangingfrom art to politics to linguistics, for his erudition wasnot limited to history alone. Unfailingly generous andeloquent, he supplied the most intriguing, insightful andexhaustive answers to every question. Each conversationwith him was a scholarly seminar. Among the circle ofTibetan activists and artists living in New York City,Sperling quickly fell into a sort of second professorship, anunderground tenure without the trappings of university.We weren’t about to let him retire so easily.Some of Professor Sperling’s most influential early worksinclude: The 5th Karma-pa and Some Aspects of the RelationshipBetween Tibet and the Early Ming (1980); The 1413 MingEmbassy to Tsong-ka-pa and the Arrival of Byams-chen chos-rjeShakya ye-shes at the Ming Court (1982); Did the Early MingEmperors Attempt to Implement a ‘Divide and Rule’ Policy inTibet? (1983); and The Ho Clan of Ho-chou: A Tibetan Family inService to the Yuan and Ming Dynasties (1990) among others.One of my personal favorites in his corpus is The 5th Karmapa and Some Aspects of the Relationship Between Tibet and theEarly Ming. In this text, Sperling argues that in the earlyyears following the collapse of the Mongol Yuan dynasty in1367, the Ming rulers of China adopted a non-expansionistforeign policy, displaying greater interest in drawing clearboundaries to keep the ‘barbarians’ out of China thanin expanding its boundaries to encroach into non-Mingterritories. Ming China was initially conceived more asan inward-looking state than an outward-looking empire,partly in critique of the ruthless expansionism of theirpredecessors, the Mongol Yuan rulers. In fact, Sperlingquotes from the very proclamation carried by the firstmission that Ming Taitsu, or the Hongwu Emperor, sent toTibet::Formerly, the hu people [i.e. the Mongols] usurped:authority in China. For over a hundred years caps:and sandals were in reversed positions. Of all:hearts, which did not give rise to anger? In recent:years, the hu rulers lost hold of the government….:Your Tibetan state is located in the western lands.:China is now united, but I am afraid that you have:still not heard about this. Therefore this proclamation [is sent].3 Sperling goes on to write that this “first mission is acknowledged by Chinese records to have met with nosuccess,” and that necessitated the dispatching of a secondmission.4In ''Did the Early Ming Emperors Attempt to Implement a “Divide and Rule” Policy in Tibet?''5Sperling defies decades of conventional wisdom with a bold argument when he writes::The Chinese court was never, in fact, able to mount:a military expedition beyond the Sino-Tibetan:frontier regions. This fact becomes strikingly:obvious as one glances through both Tibetan and:Chinese sources for the period in question…. Unable:to protect its embassies or even to retaliate against:attacks on them, China was hardly in a position to:manifest the kind of power needed to implement a:policy of “divide and rule” in Tibet.For many Tibetans who care about seemingly inconsequential details of the murky Sino-Tibetan relations from the fourteenth to the seventeenth centuries, a historical period that has become a domain of highly charged information battles between Dharamsala and Beijing, Sperling’s writings are like a constellation of bright lamps illuminating the tangled web of Sino-Tibetan history. He excavated critical pieces of Tibet’s deep past from the forbidding archives of antiquity, arranged them in a coherent narrative, and virtually placed in our hands several centuries of our own history.Elliot Sperling’s academic stature would have allowedhim to be an ivory tower intellectual. Instead, he choseto be a true ally of the Tibetan people and an unwaveringchampion of Tibetan freedom. While he studied withTaktser Rinpoche, the Dalai Lama’s elder brother, hemaintained lifelong friendships with the people he metin Dharamsala: Tashi Tsering (the preeminent Tibetanhistorian), Jamyang Norbu (the rebel intellectual andaward-winning author), Peter Brown (the ‘AmericanKhampa’ and a brother in the Tibetan struggle). Sperlingjoined many of us in the trenches of activism, alwaysencouraging us to embark on bigger and bolder advocacycampaigns for Tibet. Speaking in his Bronx-accentedTibetan, he told us that if only Tibetans studied our historymore seriously, we would be able to believe that Tibet willbe free again.A sharp and fearless critic of Beijing, Sperling neitherminced his words nor censored his writings under fear ofbeing banned from China. Even when he taught in Beijingfor a semester, where he developed a close friendship withthe Tibetan poet Woeser, he successfully avoided the trapof self-censorship that has neutered so many scholars in our time.6While railing against Beijing’s atrocities in Tibet, he managed to be critical of Dharamsala’s excessively conciliatory stance toward Beijing.7His provocative critiques of the Tibetan leadership sometimes made us uncomfortable, but that was exactly the impact he was seeking as a teacher who cared deeply about Tibet: to awaken and educate us by pushing us into our discomfort zone. “Having a teacher like Sperling was a bit like having access to a genius, a father, and some sort of bodhi all in one,” says Sara Conrad, a doctoral student at Indiana University who studied with Sperling for many years. “A walking encyclopedia, I felt I could learn a lot just being near him—and he took every opportunity to teach me. I benefited learning from him about Tibet and Tibetan of course, but also about parenthood and morality, music and comedy. In terms of academia he told me I must be able to live with myself after I write, and therefore it is always best to be honest.”In recent years, Sperling took up the case of Ilham Tohti,the Uyghur intellectual sentenced to life imprisonmentby Beijing. He played a key role in raising Tohti’s profileas a prisoner of conscience, nominating him for humanrights awards. He took Tohti’s daughter, Jewher, underhis wing and oversaw her wellbeing and education. InJewher’s own words, Elliot Sperling became “like a secondfather” to her. His friendship with Ilahm Tohti and Jewherexemplified the compassion and generosity with which hetreated everyone. Sure, he made his mark in this world as ascholar, but his monumental intellect was matched by hisunbounded kindness, altruism, and humanity.“Professor Sperling was the moral compass of Tibetan studies,” said fellow historian Carole McGranahan at Sperling’s March 11 memorial in New York. His untimely deathhas left an abyss in our hearts and a chasm in the world of Tibetology. Christophe Besuchet, a fellow activist, remarked that it is “as if a whole library had burned down.”Even so, it is worth remembering that Sperling has already done far more than his fair share of good in the world, and he deserves a rest (or a break, if you consider it from a Buddhist perspective). In the course of 66 years, he lived multiple lifetimes—as a taxi driver, hippie, scholar, mentor, activist, father—each one more productive and meaningful than the last. He has engraved his spirit so deeply in the lives of so many of us that, in a way, he is still alive. And while one library has burned down, there are thousands of libraries where his words still live and breathe.''Endnotes'' 1. MacArthur Foundation, <https://www.macfound.org/fellows/236/> (accessed 6 March 2017).2. Roberto Vitali, “For Elliot from a Friend,” InternationalAssociation for Tibetan Studies. Also see Trails of the TibetanTradition: Papers for Elliot Sperling, edited by Roberto Vitali(Amnye Machen Institute: 2014).3. Elliot Sperling, “5th Karmapa and Some Aspects ofthe Relationship Between Tibet and the Early Ming,” inMichael Aris and Aung San Suu Kyi, eds., Tibetans Studiesin Honour of Hugh Richardson, Warminster, 1980 (publishedin translation as Shiboling, “Wushi Gamaba yiji Xizanghe Mingchu de guanxi yaolue,” in Guowai Zangxue yanjiuyiwenji, vol. 2, Lhasa, 1987), pp.279-289.4. Ibid.5. Elliot Sperling, “Divide and Rule Policy in Tibet,” inErnst Steinkellner, ed., Contributions on Tibetan Language,History and Culture. Proceedings of the Csoma de KorosSymposium Held at Velm-Vienna, Austria, 13-19 September1981, Vienna, 1983, pp.339-356.6. See Tsering Woeser, “A Chronicle of Elliot Sperling,”in Trails of the Tibetan Tradition: Papers for Elliot Sperling,Roberto Vitali eds., (published by Amnye Machen Institute,2014).7. He has criticized the Dalai Lama’s ‘Middle WayApproach’ to dealing with China as too conciliatory. Seehis article Self-Delusion, <http://info-buddhism.com/SelfDelusion_Middle-Way-Approach_Dalai-Lama_Exile_CTA_Sperling.html#f1>.'''Tenzin Dorjee''' is a writer, activist, and a researcher at TibetAction Institute. His monograph The Tibetan NonviolentStruggle: A Strategic and Historical Analysis was publishedin 2015 by the International Center on Nonviolent Conflict.His writings have been published in various forums includingGlobal Post, Courier International, Tibetan Review, TibetTimes, and the CNN blog. He is a regular commentatoron Tibet-related issues for Radio Free Asia, Voice ofAmerica, and Voice of Tibet. He served as the ExecutiveDirector of Students for a Free Tibet from 2009 to 2013.An earlier version of this obituary was published in theHuffington Post <https://www.huffpost.com/entry/remembering-elliot-sperling-personal-reflections-on_b_5899c990e4b0985224db59cb>.t-sperling-personal-reflections-on_b_5899c990e4b0985224db59cb>.)
Akester, M. + ('''SIT BIO: Matthew Akester, Lecturer and … '''SIT BIO: Matthew Akester, Lecturer and Faculty Advisor''' Matthew is a translator of classical and modern literary Tibetan with 25 years of fieldwork experience as an independent researcher throughout the Tibetan world. His discipline is history, both religious and political history, which corresponds with the program’s double specialization. Matthew's special interests include the history of Lhasa, the life and times of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, historical geography of central Tibet, and history and memoir in occupied Tibet. His published book-length translations include [[The Life of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo]] by Jamgon Kongtrul ([[Shechen Publications]] 2012); [[Memories of Life in Lhasa Under Chinese Rule]] by Tubten Khetsun ([[Columbia University Press]] 2008, Penguin India 2009); and [[The Temples of Lhasa]] (with [[Andre Alexander]], [[Serindia Publications]] 2005). In addition, he has worked as active consultant and contributor for the Tibet Information Network, Human Rights Watch, Tibet Heritage Fund, and [[Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center]]; as translator, editor, and advisor for countless publications on Tibet in English, French, and Tibetan; and as lecturer on contemporary Tibet for student programs including SIT in Nepal and India. ([http://www.sit.edu/studyabroad/faculty_npt.cfm SOURCE])www.sit.edu/studyabroad/faculty_npt.cfm SOURCE]))
Sarvajñamitra + (''Sarvajñamitra'' was a famous Buddhist mo … ''Sarvajñamitra'' was a famous Buddhist monk of Kashmir, described by ''Kalhaṇa'' as one 'who set himself as another ''Jina'' (''Buddha'')'. He lived in a monastery, called ''Kayyavihāra'', founded by ''Kayya'', the king of ''Lāta'' owing allegiance to king ''Lalitāditya'' of Kashmir (701–738 A.D.)[31]. Thus, ''Sarvajñamitra'' would appear to have lived in the later half of the 8th century. He was a worshipper of ''Tārā'' and was known for his generousness. ''Tārānātha'' gives the following biographical account of ''Sarvajñamitra'':He was an extra-(marital) son of a king of Kashmir (probably the contemporary of king ''Lalitāditya'' or his predecessor). When still a baby he was carried away by a vulture when his mother had left him on the terrace, herself having gone to pluck flowers. The baby was taken to a peek of Mount ''Gandhola'' in Nalanda. There he was received by some ''Pandits'' under whose protection he grew-up and became a monk well-versed in the ''Piṭakas''. He propitiated the goddess ''Tārā'' by whose favour he received enormous wealth which he distributed among the needy. At last when he had nothing left to donate he left towards the South fearing that he would have to send the suppliants back without giving alms to them which would be against his wishes. On his journey to the South he met an old blind ''brāhmaṇa'' led by his son. He was going to Nalanda to implore aid from ''Sarvajñāmitra'', about whose generosity he had heard a lot.''Sarvajñāmitra'' told him that he was the same person but had exhausted all his wealth. Hearing this the ''brāhmaṇa'' heaved an afflictive sigh with which ''Sarvajñāmitra'' felt boundless compassion for him and decided to get money for him anyhow. While searching for money he found a king named ''Saraṇa'' who was passionately attached to false views. This king wanted to purchase 108 men for offering them to sacrificial fire. He had already procured 107 men and was in search of one more. ''Sarvajñāmitra'' sold himself for the gold equal to the weight of his body. He gave this gold to the ''brāhmaṇa'' who returned happy.''Sarvajñāmitra'' was put in the royal prison. The other prisoners were overpowered by grief seeing that the number was complete and their death was quire [quite?] near. When fire was kindled, they started wailing. Again. the great ''Ācārya'' felt boundless compassion and he earnestly prayed to the goddess ''Tārā''. The goddess flowed a stream of nectar over the fire and people could see rains coming down only on the fire. When the fire was extinguished the place turned to be a lake. Seeing this wonderful event, the king was filled with admiration for the ''Ācārya''. The prisoners were released with rewards.The ''Ācārya'' after the lapse of a long time, wished to be at his birth place. So he prayed to the goddess. He was asked to catch hold of the corner of her clothes and shut the eyes. When he re-opened his eyes he found himself in a beautiful land in front of a magnificent palace. He could not recognise this place and asked the goddess why she had not taken him to Nalanda. She told him that this was his real birth place. He stayed in Kahemir [Kashmir?] and founded a big temple of goddess ''Tārā''. ''Tārānātha'' further states that he was a disciple of ''Süryagupta'' or ''Ravigupta''[32]. The same tradition is found with minor variations in the commentary on the ''Sragdharāstotra'' by ''Jinarakṣita''[33].''Sragdharāstotra'' is a hymn containing 37 verses which ''Sarvajñamitra'' wrote in praise of goddess ''Tārā''. '' 'Sragdharā' '' is an epithet of ''Tārā'' which means 'wearer of the wreath' or 'the garland bringer' and it is also the name of the metre in which the hymn was written. ''Bstan—'gyur'' contains three translations of the text. The hymn, with its commentary and two Tibetan versions, is edited by S. C. Vidyabhusana in ''Bibliotheca'' series, 1908.Besides '' 'Sragdharāstotra' '' other texts attributed to ''Sarvajñamitra'' are all in praise of goddess ''Tārā'', viz., 1. ''Devītarākuvākyādhyesana nāma stotra'' 2. ''Āryatārāsādhanā'', and 3. ''Aṣṭabhayatrānatārosādhanā''[34]. (Kaul, ''Buddhist Savants of Kashmir'', 19–21)ādhanā''[34]. (Kaul, ''Buddhist Savants of Kashmir'', 19–21))
Tilakakalaśa + (''Tilakakalaśa'': ''Tilakakalśa'' or ''Til … ''Tilakakalaśa'': ''Tilakakalśa'' or ''Tilakalaśa'' is known in Tibetan as ''Thig-le bum-pā''. The name is sometimes rendered as ''Bindukalaśa''. He occupied himself mostly in the Mādhyamika philosophy, and composed four hymns. He collaborated with ''Ñi-ma grags'' and ''Blo-ldan śes-rab''.Before going to Tibet, he translated in Kashmir, with ''Ñi-ma grags'' the ''Mādhyamakāvatāra'' of ''Candrakīrti'' and the self-commentary in 3550 [?] ''ślokas''. Together, both re-arranged the translation of the ''Mādhyamakāvatārakārikā'' done by ''Kṛṣṇapāda'' and ''Chul-kḥrims rgyal-pa''. They also translated ''Śrīguḥyasāmājamaṇḍalopāyikāviṃśavidhi'' of ''Nāgabodhi''. The work is attached to the school of the ''Guhyasamāja'' of ''Nāgārjuna''.In collaboration with ''Blo-ldan śes-rab'', ''Tilakakalaśa'' reviewed the interpretation of the ''Śikṣāsamuccaya'' of ''Śāntideva'' done by ''Dānaśīla'', ''Jinamitra'' and ''Ye-śes sde'' during the 9th century. Together they also translated two texts dealing with the ''Prajñāpāramitā'' ('Perfection of Wisdom') in 8000 stanzas. The texts include: ''Āryaprajñāpāramitāsaṃgrahakārikā'' of ''Dignāga'', also known as ''Aṣṭasāhasrikāpinḍārtha'', and its commentary in 540 ''ṣlokas'' by ''Triratnadāsa''. He also translated the following fifteen hymns: 1. The ''Vāgiśvarastotra, 2. The ''Āryamañjuśrīstotra'', 3. The Āryavāgiśvarastotra'', 4. The ''Lokeśvarasiṃhanāda nāma stora [stotra?]'', 5. ''Prajñāpāramitastotra'' 6. ''Acintyastava'', 7. ''Stutyatītastava'', 8. ''Niruttarastava'', 9. ''Āryabhattārakamañjuśrīparmārhastuti'', 10. ''Āryamañjuśrībhattārakakarunāstotra'', 11. ''Aṣṭamahāsthanacaityastotra'', 12. ''Aṣṭamahāsthanacaityastotra'' [Listed 2x in source as nos. 11 and 12] 13. ''Dvādaśakāranayastotra'', 14. ''Vandanāstotra'', and 15. ''Narakoddhāra''. Of these, the first four are attributed to ''Tilakakalaśa'' himself and the rest to ''Nāgārjuna''. (Kaul, ''Buddhist Savants of Kashmir'', 47–48)e, the first four are attributed to ''Tilakakalaśa'' himself and the rest to ''Nāgārjuna''. (Kaul, ''Buddhist Savants of Kashmir'', 47–48))
Erdene-Ochir, B. + ('Baatra' Erdene-Ochir is a Ph.D. student i … 'Baatra' Erdene-Ochir is a Ph.D. student in Buddhist Studies. He received a bachelor's degree in philosophy from UCSB and a master's degree in theological studies from Harvard Divinity School. He is interested in Indo-Tibetan Buddhist philosophical polemics and the history of Buddhist scholastic traditions as well as monastic institutions in Tibet and Mongolia. ([https://www.religion.ucsb.edu/people/student/erdenebaatar-baatra-hehimhis-erdene-ochir/ Source Accessed June 9, 2021])dene-ochir/ Source Accessed June 9, 2021]))
Yin Shun + ((Master) Yin Shun (印順導師, Yìnshùn Dǎoshī) ( … (Master) Yin Shun (印順導師, Yìnshùn Dǎoshī) (5 April 1906 – 4 June 2005) was a well-known Buddhist monk and scholar in the tradition of Chinese Mahāyāna Buddhism. Though he was particularly trained in the Three Treatise school, he was an advocate of the One Vehicle (or Ekayāna) as the ultimate and universal perspective of Buddhahood for all, and as such included all schools of Buddha Dharma, including the Five Vehicles and the Three Vehicles, within the meaning of the Mahāyāna as the One Vehicle. Yin Shun's research helped bring forth the ideal of "Humanistic" (human-realm) Buddhism, a leading mainstream Buddhist philosophy studied and upheld by many practitioners. His work also regenerated the interests in the long-ignored Āgamas among Chinese Buddhist society and his ideas are echoed by Theravadin teacher Bhikkhu Bodhi. As a contemporary master, he was most popularly known as the mentor of Cheng Yen (Pinyin: Zhengyan), the founder of Tzu-Chi Buddhist Foundation, as well as the teacher to several other prominent monastics. Although Master Yin Shun is closely associated with the Tzu-Chi Foundation, he has had a decisive influence on others of the new generation of Buddhist monks such as Sheng-yen of Dharma Drum Mountain and Hsing Yun of Fo Guang Shan, who are active in humanitarian aid, social work, environmentalism and academic research as well. He is considered to be one of the most influential figures of Taiwanese Buddhism, having influenced many of the leading Buddhist figures in modern Taiwan. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin_Shun Source Accessed July 10, 2020])ed July 10, 2020]))
Forsten, A. + ( *1961 born in Staveren on March 28 *1981- … *1961 born in Staveren on March 28*1981-1986 sailor at shipping companies, Rotterdam*1986-1993 studied Indology at Leiden University*1991 studied at Hamburg University*1991-1996 studied philosophy at Leiden University*1997-2002 research fellow at the CNWS, Leiden University*2000-2002 substitute lecturer Buddhology and Indian philosophy, Leiden University*2004 PhD under the supervision of T.E. Vetter and Th.C.W. Oudemans, Leiden University*2002-present teacher at Stanislas College, Pijnackerent teacher at Stanislas College, Pijnacker )
Gutschow, K. + ( *Education :B.A. Harvard University (1988 … *Education:B.A. Harvard University (1988):M.A. Harvard University (1995):Ph.D. Harvard University (1998)*Areas of Expertise:Reproductive Justice:Climate Justice:Maternal Mortality:Mindfulness & Medicine:Buddhism, Bodies, & Sexuality:Anthropology of South Asia:Irrigation & Social Power:India & Himalayas:Obstetrics, Maternity Care, & COVID-19([https://anso.williams.edu/profile/kgutscho/ Source Accessed April 13, 2021: Williams College])le/kgutscho/ Source Accessed April 13, 2021: Williams College]) )
Unterthurner, D. + ( *since 2016 - Master’s degree programme i … *since 2016 - Master’s degree programme in Tibetology and Buddhist Studies, University of Vienna*2013 - 2016 - Bachelor’s degree programme Languages and Cultures of South Asia and Tibet, University of Vienna*2005 - 2008 - Secondary School LEWIT, Merano, Italy008 - Secondary School LEWIT, Merano, Italy )
Gzhon nu rgyal mchog + (1. (from kong sprul gsan yig @ v. 1, f. 16 … 1. (from kong sprul gsan yig @ v. 1, f. 16v)important master in the bka' ma transmission lineage of the rgyud bzhi.2. important bka' gdams/sa skya master in lineage of the blo sbyong teachings; he was involved with his student sems dpa' chen po dkon mchog rgyal mtshan in the compilation of the blo sbyong brgya rtsa. ([https://library.bdrc.io/show/bdr:P1943 Source Accessed June 12, 2022])/bdr:P1943 Source Accessed June 12, 2022]))
Bretfeld, S. + (2014 - present Professor, Department of Ph … 2014 - presentProfessor, Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (Norway)2008 - 2014Professor, Chair for Religious Studies, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum (Germany)2008Senior Assistant, Institute for the Science of Religion and Central Asian Studies, University of Bern, Bern (Switzerland)2001 - 2007Assistant, Institute for the Science of Religion and Central Asian Studies, University of Bern 2000 - 2001Temporary lecturer, Institute for the Science of Religion and Central Asian Studies, University of Bern, Bern 2000 - 2001Assistant, Department of Indian and Buddhist Studies, Georg-August-University, Göttingen (Germany)1998 - 2001Temporary lecturer, Department of Religious Studies, Georg-August-University, Göttingen 1998 - 2000Temporary lecturer, Department of Indian and Buddhist Studies, Georg-August-University, Göttingen 2000Phd (Dr. phil.), Indology, Tibetology, Study of Religions, Georg-August-University, Göttingen ([https://www.multiple-secularities.de/team/prof-dr-sven-bretfeld/ Source Accessed on May 4, 2020])bretfeld/ Source Accessed on May 4, 2020]))
Fynn, C. + (===Active Projects=== *Working as a consul … ===Active Projects===*Working as a consultant for the [http://www.dzongkha.gov.bt/ Dzongkha Development Commission]*[http://www.thlib.org/ Tibetan & Himalayan Library - Sections on Tibetan Script]*[http://sites.google.com/site/chrisfynn2/tibetanscriptfonts/jomolhari Jomolhari Font]*[https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/free-tibetan/ Free Tibetan Fonts Project]===Some Previous Projects===*Worked as a consultant for the National Library of Bhutan*Bhutan National Digital Library*Oversaw the text input for a new edition of Padma Lingpa's zab gter chos mdzod for HE Gangteng Tulku's Padmasambhava Project.:([https://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/Christopher_Fynn Source: Chris Fynn, RyWiki Entry])===Other Links===*[http://sites.google.com/site/chrisfynn2/home/tibetanscriptfonts Tibetan script info]*[http://sites.google.com/site/chrisfynn2/ Web site]*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Cfynn Chris Fynn] at Wikimedia Commonski/User:Cfynn Chris Fynn] at Wikimedia Commons)
Zhiyan + (A Chinese priest who was active as a trans … A Chinese priest who was active as a translator from the fourth through the fifth century. Chih-yen went to Kashmir to seek Buddhist scriptures and study Buddhist doctrines. He returned to Ch'ang-an with Buddhabhadra and translated fourteen sutras. Later he went again to India, where he died. ([https://www.nichirenlibrary.org/en/dic/Content/C/45 Source Accessed Sep 1, 2021])Content/C/45 Source Accessed Sep 1, 2021]))
Vajrācārya, D. + (A Newar Pandit, Divyavajra was born in the … A Newar Pandit, Divyavajra was born in the family of a very well known Vajrāchārya family of Nila Vajra and Bal Kumari in Māhābaudha, Kathmandu, Nepal on ''Jestha 24th Astami'', 1976 Vikram Sambat (1919AD).He tied up his married life with Miss Keshari, the daughter of Meer Subba Heera Man Vajrachrāya at the age of nine. They had four sons and five daughters.Pandit Divyavajra's life consists of two phases: the first half dedicated to the traditional, herbal and naturalopathic (Ayurvedic) medicine and the second half to the preservation of Nepalese Buddhist philosophy and literature. Towards the end of first half period of his life (around the year 2013 VS/ 1956AD) he suffered from diabetes and tuberculosis. That forced him to stay away from his traditional profession of naturopathic treatment which he had started by establishing the Piyusvarshi Aushadhālaya (Medical Center) in Māhābaudha Tole, Kathmandu, Nepal in the year 2001 VS(1944AD). This change in his life had inspired him to study the Buddha's philosophy and to take a teaching job. In addition, he also taught the Pāli language to several Newar Buddhist monks.Until the year 2010 (1953), he was very active in teaching naturalopathy by visiting villages such as Thaiba, Baregāũ etc in the valley, and opened the health related Ayurvedic traditional schools. Besides this, in 2017 VS(1960), he also coordinated the opening of the first National Museum in Kathmandu and in the same year, organized a health and vocational exhibition.From the very beginning of his adulthood, his eyesight was very weak, however he was bold and possessed a sharp memory. He never gave up studying Buddhist texts. By the year 2036 (1979) he had recited the whole text of ''Avidharma'', and collected, translated and explained the Sanskrit Buddhist texts such as ''Bodhi Charyāvatār'', ''Langkāvatār'', and so on to the public. He became an advisory member to several Buddhist organizations and became the president of the Dharmodaya Sabha, the National Buddhist Association in Kathmandu, Nepal.([http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/jns/pdf/JNS_03.pdf Source Accessed Mar 15, 2021])/JNS_03.pdf Source Accessed Mar 15, 2021]))
Ch'ien, H. + (A diligent, student and cultivator, Dharma … A diligent, student and cultivator, Dharma Master Heng Ch'ien has been one of the foremost students to sit at the feet of the Venerable Tripitaka Master Hsuan Hua. He studied the Dharma Blossom Sutra for over five years, and has been explaining it for more than four. His understanding of the Sutra is deep and comprehensive, and his lectures have made the Sutra's principles clear and easy to understand. ([http://www.dharmasite.net/vbs28/28_7.htm Adapted from Source Oct 1, 2022])28_7.htm Adapted from Source Oct 1, 2022]))
Dharmaruci + (A fifth-century monk from Central Asia. In … A fifth-century monk from Central Asia. In 405 he went to Ch'ang-an in China. He completed the Chinese translation of The Ten Divisions of Monastic Rules with Kumārajīva. Kumārajīva and Punyatāra earlier had begun to translate this work from Sanskrit into Chinese, but due to Punyatāra's death the translation had been suspended. Upon the request of the priest Hui-yüan and the ruler Yao Hsing of the Later Ch'in dynasty, Dharmaruchi, who was well versed in rules of monastic discipline, completed the translation with Kumārajīva. Later aspiring to disseminate the rules of monastic discipline to areas where they were still unknown, he embarked on a journey. His life after that is not known. ([https://www.nichirenlibrary.org/en/dic/Content/D/59 Source Accessed Aug 27, 2021])ontent/D/59 Source Accessed Aug 27, 2021]))
Śaṅkara + (A highly influential Vedāntic thinker and … A highly influential Vedāntic thinker and exegete. Now credited with the founding of the Advaita Vedānta tradition, he has been promoted by many, particularly in the modern era, as the greatest Hindu philosopher. Nothing is known of his life beyond the hagiographies; these portray him as a brahmin from the small village of Kālati in Kerala who became a saṃnyāsin at the age of seven. According to the tradition, his guru was called Govindapāda and his paramaguru (his teacher's teacher) was Gauḍapāda. (Gauḍapāda was the reputed author of the earliest identifiable Advaita text, the Gauḍapādīya Kārikā, the basis of a commentary attributed to Śaṅkara.) The boy Śaṅkara moved to Vārāṇasī, where he acquired his own pupils, including Padmapāda and Sureśvara. Moving again, to Badrinātha, he composed the earliest surviving commentary on the Brahmasūtras, supposedly while still only twelve years old. Thereafter, he led the life of a peripatetic debater and teacher, before dying at the age of 32 in the Himālayas. During his period of wandering he is supposed to have founded an India-wide network of Advaitin monasteries, each with its associated order of saṃnyāsins, later identified as the Daśanāmis. There is some evidence, however, that these maṭhas may have been established much later in the history of Advaita, and it should be noted that while the Daśanāmis have a markedly Śaiva affiliation, it is likely that Śaṅkara himself was born into a smārta Vaiṣṇava family. Nevertheless, by around the 10th century ce, through the advocacy of his pupils, and various subcommentators, and the critical response of rival schools, Śaṅkara had become established as the major proponent of Advaita, and a large number of works, both philosophical and devotional began to be attributed to him. Most scholars now agree that only a small proportion of these texts should be unreservedly accepted as the work of the 8th-century Śaṅkara. Apart from one independent text, the Upadeśasāhasrī (‘Thousand Teachings’), these are all commentaries (bhāṣyas), namely: the Brahmasūtrabhāṣya (also known as the Śārīrakabhāṣya), bhāṣyas on the Bṛhadāraṅyaka and Taittirīya Upaniṣads, and (probably) the Bhagavadgītā, as well as the commentary on the Gauḍapādīya Kārikā (itself a commentary on the Māṇḍūkya Upaniṣad). Some scholars also regard commentaries on the other major Upaniṣads (with the possible exception of the Śvetāśvatara) as genuine. ([https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100440958 Source Accessed Mar 4, 2022])803100440958 Source Accessed Mar 4, 2022]))
Amtzis, J. + (A long term student of the Dharma, Judith … A long term student of the Dharma, Judith met both Holiness Pema Norbu Rinpoche and Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche in 1976, and has lived in Asia since then, primarily in Kathmandu, Nepal. On the request of Holiness Penor Rinpoche, she collaborated with Khenpo Sonam Tsewang of Namdroling Monastery in Mysore to translate the Liberation Story of Namcho Migyur Dorje, the terton who discovered the treasures that make up the core of the Palyul tradition. This biography is entitled ''The All-Pervading Melodious Sound of Thunder'', and was written by the first Karma Chagme Rinpoche. ([http://levekunst.com/team_member/judith-amtzis/ Adapted from Source July 20, 2022])mtzis/ Adapted from Source July 20, 2022]))
Helm, A. + (A long–term student of Chogyam Trungpa Rin … A long–term student of Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche, Ann joined the Nalanda Translation Committee in 1986. She studied Tibetan at Naropa University, mainly with Dzigar Kongtrul, and she taught Tibetan and Foundations of Buddhism at Naropa from 1991-2004. After 30 years in Boulder, Ann lived as a retreatant for eight years at Padma Samye Ling, the monastery in upstate New York of Khenchen Palden Sherab and Khenpo Tsewang Dongyal. From 1997 to 2014, she translated primarily with Ringu Tulku and for Dharma Samudra, the Khenpo Brothers’ publication group. In 2014 Ann moved to Portland, Oregon, where she continues her Buddhist practice and study under the guidance of Yongey Mingyur Rinpoche. ([http://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/Ann_Helm Source Accessed Sept 9, 2020])hp/Ann_Helm Source Accessed Sept 9, 2020]))
Faju + (A monk and translator of the Western Jin a … A monk and translator of the Western Jin apparently of unknown origin active between 290–306. A collaborator of Dharmarakṣa, who appears in the colophon of Dharmarakṣa's translation of the ''Lalitavistara'' and the ''Daśabhūmikasūtra''. (Source: Zürcher, ''The Buddhist Conquest of China'', 2007) Twenty-four texts are attributed to him in the Taisho canon. (See [http://www.acmuller.net/descriptive_catalogue/indexes/index-authors-editors-translators.html ''The Korean Buddhist Canon: A Descriptive Catalogue''])uddhist Canon: A Descriptive Catalogue'']))
LaFleur, W. + (A native of Patterson, New Jersey, LaFleur … A native of Patterson, New Jersey, LaFleur received his BA from Calvin College in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He earned two master’s degrees, one in comparative literature from the University of Michigan and another in the history of religions from the University of Chicago. He also completed his doctoral work at the University of Chicago, where he studied with Joseph Kitagawa and Mircea Eliade. After completing his PhD in 1973, LaFleur taught at Princeton University; University of California, Los Angeles; Sophia University, Tokyo; and University of Pennsylvania, where he was the E. Dale Saunders Professor of Japanese Studies. LaFleur was a groundbreaking figure in the interdisciplinary study of Buddhism and culture in Japan and trained two generations of graduate students in these fields. His seminal work ''The Karma of Words: Buddhism and the Literary Arts in Medieval Japan'' (University of California Press, 1986) broke away from a traditional focus on specific Buddhist figures and lineages and instead approached Buddhism as the “cognitive map” by which medieval Japanese of all Buddhist schools and social levels made sense of their world. He also uncovered an intimate relation between the Japanese Buddhist episteme and medieval literary arts. The innovative studies now emerging from a generation of younger scholars working at the intersections of Buddhism and literature owe much to LaFleur’s influence.A scholar of far-reaching interests and expertise, LaFleur refused to be confined by any single research area, historical period, or method of approach. In addition to his work on Buddhist cosmology and the “mind” of medieval Japan, he was a gifted translator and interpreter of poetry and published two volumes on the medieval monk-poet Saigyō. He was deeply interested in Zen, especially as a resource for contemporary thought. He wrote and edited several books and essays, introducing to Western readers the work of the thirteenth century Zen master Dōgen, the Kyoto-school figure Masao Abé, and the twentieth century philosopher and cultural historian Watsuji Tetsurō. In 1989, he became the first non-Japanese to win the Watsuji Tetsurō Cultural Prize.LaFleur’s ''Liquid Life: Abortion and Buddhism in Japan'' (Princeton University Press, 1994) expanded his earlier attention to Buddhist notions of the body and catalyzed his growing interest in comparative public philosophy and social ethics. In his later career, while continuing to study medieval Japanese religion and literature, he produced pioneering studies of Japanese bioethics, highlighting contrasts with Western approaches to such issues as abortion, organ transplants, and medical definitions of death. Altogether, he wrote or edited nine books. He left several other projects still in progress; some of which will be published posthumously. ([http://rsnonline.org/index7696.html?option=com_content Source Accessed Jan 16, 2020])com_content Source Accessed Jan 16, 2020]))
Bodhiruci + (A renowned Indian translator and monk (to … A renowned Indian translator and monk (to be distinguished from a subsequent Bodhiruci [s.v.] who was active in China two centuries later during the Tang dynasty). Bodhiruci left north India for Luoyang, the Northern Wei capital, in 508. He is said to have been well versed in the Tripiṭaka and talented at incantations. Bodhiruci stayed at the monastery of Yongningsi in Luoyang from 508 to 512 and with the help of Buddhaśānta (d.u.) and others translated over thirty Mahāyāna sūtras and treatises, most of which reflect the latest developments in Indian Mahāyāna, and especially Yogācāra. His translations include the ''Dharmasaṃgīti'', ''Shidijing lun'', ''Laṅkāvatārasūtra'', ''Vajracchedikāprajñāpāramitāsūtra'', and the ''Wuliangshou jing youpotishe yuansheng ji'', attributed to Vasubandhu. Bodhiruci’s translation of the ''Shidijing lun'', otherwise known more simply as the ''Di lun'', fostered the formation of a group of Yogācāra specialists in China that later historians retroactively call the Di lun zong. According to a story in the ''Lidai fabao ji'', a jealous Bodhiruci, assisted by a monk from Shaolinsi on Songshan named Guangtong (also known as Huiguang, 468–537), is said to have attempted on numerous occasions to poison the founder of the Chan school, Bodhidharma, and eventually succeeded. Bodhiruci is also said to have played an instrumental role in converting the Chinese monk Tanluan from Daoist longevity practices to the pure land teachings of the ''Guan Wuliangshou jing''. (Source: "Bodhiruci." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 133. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Ware, J. + (A specialist in the study of pre-Tang Budd … A specialist in the study of pre-Tang Buddhism and Daoism, James Ware was the first student to receive a Ph.D. at Harvard in the field of Chinese studies. He completed his dissertation in 1932, on the representation of Buddhism in the historical chronicle of the Wei dynasty known as the Weishu. He then taught courses in the Chinese language and Chinese history at Harvard, and was, together with Serge Elisséeff, one of the founding faculty members of the Department of Far Eastern Languages. In this capacity, he supervised the Chinese language program for much of the 1930s and 40s.Much of the material for Ware’s early studies was drawn from the Weishu. He wrote on problems relating to the Toba rulers of the Wei, the history of Buddhism and Daoism in the Northern Dynasties, and the textual history of the ''Fanwang jing'' and other scriptures from the Buddhist canon. In the same years, he also published selected translations from several Buddhist sutras. He worked together with Serge Eliseeff to establish the ''Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies'' in 1936, and contributed numerous articles and book reviews to the journal over the course of the next decade. He also developed a series of Chinese language textbooks and wrote on aspects of modern Chinese linguistics.In the latter years of his career, Ware turned his attention his attention to translating, primarily for a non-specialist audience. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, he published selections from the Analects, Zhuangzi, and Mencius. His final significant work was a complete translation of Ge Hong’s fourth century ''Baopuzi'' (1967). ([https://ealc.fas.harvard.edu/james-ware Source Accessed July 28, 2021])james-ware Source Accessed July 28, 2021]))
Muller, C. + (A. Charles Muller (born September 19, 1953 … A. Charles Muller (born September 19, 1953) is an academic specializing in Korean Buddhism and East Asian Yogacara, having published numerous books and articles on these topics. He is a resident of Japan, currently teaching at Musashino University. He is one of the earliest and most prolific developers of online research resources for the field of Buddhist Studies, being the founder and managing editor of the online Digital Dictionary of Buddhism, the CJKV-English Dictionary, and the H-Buddhism Scholars Information Network, along with having digitized and published numerous reference works.Muller's academic study of Buddhism began as an undergraduate at Stony Brook University, where he majored in Religious Studies under the guidance of Sung Bae Park, a specialist in Seon and Korean Buddhism. After graduating, he spent two years studying in Japan, after which he spent one year in the graduate program in Religious Studies at the University of Virginia. In 1988, he left UVa to return to Stony Brook, where he completed a PhD in Comparative literature, once again with Sung Bae Park as his principal advisor. He also studied Christian Theology with Peter Manchester, Islam with William Chittick, and Postmodern literary criticism with Michael Sprinker and Hugh Silverman. His dissertation, "Hamhŏ Kihwa: A Study of His Major Works," was accepted in 1993, after which he spent six months in Korea as a research associate at the Academy of Korean Studies, before taking up an academic position in Japan, at Toyo Gakuen University.From 1994 to 2008, Muller taught courses in philosophy and religion at Toyo Gakuen University, during which time he published numerous books and articles on Korean Buddhism, Zen, East Asian Yogacara, and Confucianism. While active in numerous academic organizations such as the American Academy of Religion and the Japanese Association for Indian and Buddhist Studies, he also became known as one of leading figures in the creation of online research resources. In 1995, he set up his web site called Resources for East Asian Language and Thought (still in active service today), featuring online lexicons, indexes, bibliographies, and translations of classical texts. In 1996, he started the Budschol listserv for the academic study of Buddhism, which would, in 2000, become part of H-Net, under the name of H-Buddhism, the central internet organ for communication among scholars of Buddhism. He also initiated two major dictionary projects, the Digital Dictionary of Buddhism and the CJKV-E Dictionary, which have become basic reference works for the field of Buddhist and East Asian studies, subscribed to by universities around the world. His work in the area of online reference works and digitization led him into the field of Digital Humanities, with his principal area of expertise lying in the handling of literary documents using XML and XSLT. In 2008, Muller was invited to join the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Tokyo, where he taught courses in Digital Humanities, Chinese Philosophy, and Korean Philosophy and Religion. He retired from UTokyo in March 2019 and moved to Musashino University, where he is director of the Institute of Buddhist culture and teaches courses in Buddhist Studies. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Charles_Muller Source Accessed July 21, 2021])les_Muller Source Accessed July 21, 2021]))
Bentz, A. + (AY\E-SOPHIE BENTZ is a teaching assistant at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva. Her research focuses on the politics of the Tibetan diaspora.)
Schultz, A. + (Aaron Schultz is a Ph.D. candidate at Bing … Aaron Schultz is a Ph.D. candidate at Binghamton University. He specializes in Buddhist philosophy and the problem of punishment. He has a passion for teaching and strives to show his students how to think critically and analytically about all things, so that they can better navigate through their lives. ([https://www.aaronjschultz.com/ Source Accessed Jan 18, 2021])chultz.com/ Source Accessed Jan 18, 2021]))
Sumatikīrti + (According to Akasoy, Burnett, and Yoeli-Tl … According to Akasoy, Burnett, and Yoeli-Tlalim (eds.) in their book ''Islam and Tibet'' (2011, 125), Sumatikīrti "is well known as a pundit who worked on translations, belonging to the 'later spreading' (''phyi-dar'') period, which begins in the last decades of the tenth century. He stayed in the Nepal Valley, and it is not certain if he ever set foot in Tibet, perhaps not. Given the dates of the Tibetan translators with whom he worked, he must have been active in the last part of the eleventh century. It is known that Mar-pa Do-pa Chos-kyi-dbang-phyug (dates not certain, but perhaps 1042–1136) studied with Sumatikīrti, among others, in Nepal. Rngog Lo-tsā-ba Blo-ldan-shes-rab (1059–1109) also is known to have worked with Sumatikīrti." Sumatikīrti is responsible, along with Rngog blo ldan shes rab, for a second revision of the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra''.cond revision of the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra''.)
Pāramiti + (According to the account in the Chinese ca … According to the account in the Chinese cataloguer Zhisheng's ''Xu gujin yijing tuji'', the ''Śūraṃgamasūtra'' was brought to China by a śramaṇa named Pāramiti. Because the ''Śūraṃgamasūtra'' had been proclaimed a national treasure, the Indian king had forbidden anyone to take the sūtra out of the country. In order to transmit this scripture to China, Pāramiti wrote the sūtra out in minute letters on extremely fine silk, then he cut open his arm and hid the small scroll inside his flesh. With the sūtra safely hidden away, Pāramiti set out for China and eventually arrived in Guangdong province. There, he happened to meet the exiled Prime Minister Fangrong, who invited him to reside at the monastery of Zhizhisi, where he translated the sūtra in 705 CE. Apart from Pāramiti's putative connection to the ''Śūraṃgamasūtra'', however, nothing more is known about him and he has no biography in the ''Gaoseng zhuan'' ("Biographies of Eminent Monks"). (Source: "*Śūraṃgamasūtra." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 873–74. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Bower, E. + (Acharya Emily Bower started meditating and … Acharya Emily Bower started meditating and studying with the Shambhala community in 1987 in Berkeley, California. She went on to live on staff at Karme Chöling for three years, and then moved to Boston, Massachusetts to work as a book editor specializing in Buddhism, yoga, and other spiritual traditions.She worked for Shambhala Publications for a total of ten years. She is fortunate to have been able to work on books with many spiritual teachers, including Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche.She lives and works now in Los Angeles as a book editor and publishing consultant, and is a co-founder of Dharma Spring, a curated online Buddhist bookshop, launching in 2017. She is an editor for 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, an international non-profit initiative to translate all of the Buddha’s words into modern languages and to make them available to everyone, free of charge.In her service as a senior teacher in the Shambhala community, she leads both extended retreats and weekend programs. She especially enjoys presenting on themes that bring practical application to our wisdom traditions. ([https://shambhalaonline.org/acharya-emily-bower/ Source Accessed Mar 18, 2022])mily-bower/ Source Accessed Mar 18, 2022]))
Gyaltsen, Tenpa + (Acharya Lama Tenpa Gyaltsen is core facult … Acharya Lama Tenpa Gyaltsen is core faculty at Nitartha Institute and recently retired from [https://www.naropa.edu/faculty/acharya-gyaltsen.php Naropa University].Lama Tenpa Gyaltsen was born in Trakar, Nepal, near the Tibetan border. He completed 10 years of traditional scholastic training at [http://www.rumtek.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=400&Itemid=612&lang=en Karma Shri Nalanda Institute] at Rumtek Monastery, Sikkim, India, graduating as acharya with honours (graduated in the same class as [[Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche]]). This was followed by traditional yogic training in the first three-year retreat to be conducted at Jamgon Kongtrul Rinpoche's monastery in Pullahari, Nepal. Following the advice of [[Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche]], Lama Tenpa taught at various Kagyu centers in Europe (Teksum Tashi Choling in Hamburg, Germany), at Nitartha, and centers in Canada. In 2004 he moved to Boulder, CO and began teaching at Naropa University. He retired from Naropa in 2020. Learn more about Lama Tenpa Gyaltsen on the [https://nitarthainstitute.org/about/nitartha-faculty/ Nitartha faculty page] and at [https://nalandabodhi.org/teacher/acharya-lama-tenpa-gyaltsen/ Nalandabodhi].hi.org/teacher/acharya-lama-tenpa-gyaltsen/ Nalandabodhi].)
Pearcey, A. + (Adam S. Pearcey is the founder-director of … Adam S. Pearcey is the founder-director of Lotsāwa House, a virtual library of translations from Tibetan. His publications include (as co-translator) Mind in Comfort and Ease by His Holiness the Dalai Lama (Wisdom Publications, 2007); Ga Rabjampa’s ''To Dispel the Misery of the World'' (Wisdom Publications, 2012), which he translated at the suggestion of the late Khenchen Appey Rinpoche; and ''Beyond the Ordinary Mind: Dzogchen Advice from Rimé Masters'' (Snow Lion, 2018). A partial list of the many translations he has published online can be found [https://adamspearcey.com/translations/ here].Adam first encountered Tibetan Buddhism in 1994 when he taught English at two monasteries near Darjeeling in India. He went on to study at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) in London; the Rangjung Yeshe Institute in Kathmandu, where he also taught Tibetan and served as an interpreter; the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives in Dharamsala; Oxford University, where he earned a Master’s degree in Oriental Studies; and again at SOAS, where he completed his PhD with a thesis entitled ''A Greater Perfection? Scholasticism, Comparativism and Issues of Sectarian Identity in Early 20th Century Writings on rDzogs-chen''.In 2018 he was a senior teaching fellow at SOAS, lecturing on Buddhist philosophy and critical approaches to Buddhist Studies. ([https://adamspearcey.com/ Source Accessed Feb 10, 2020])earcey.com/ Source Accessed Feb 10, 2020]))
Miller, Adam + (Adam Tyler Miller is a PhD candidate in th … Adam Tyler Miller is a PhD candidate in the History of Religions at the University of Chicago, Divinity School. His dissertation is tentatively entitled "Under the Precious Banner: A Mahāyāna Affective Regime at Gilgit" (Committee: Christian K. Wedemeyer, Dan Arnold, and Natalie D. Gummer). He completed his MA in Religious Studies at theUniversity of Missouri-Columbia, writing the thesis entitled "The Buddha Said ''That'' Buddha Said So: A Translation and Analysis of "Pūrvayogaparivarta" from the ''Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī Sūtra''.rta" from the ''Ratnaketu Dhāraṇī Sūtra''.)
Krug, A. + (Adam’s dissertation, "The Seven Siddhi Tex … Adam’s dissertation, "The Seven Siddhi Texts: The Oḍiyāna Mahāmudrā Lineage in its Indic and Tibetan Contexts," focuses on an early corpus of Vajrayāna Buddhist texts that came to be known in Nepal and Tibet as part of a larger canon of Indian works on ‘the great seal’ or ''mahāmudrā''. In addition to providing text-critical historical analyses of these works, his dissertation focuses on larger issues such as a revaluation of demonology as an analytic paradigm for critical historical research in South Asian religions, inter-sectarian dynamics in the formulation of the Vajrayāna, and practical canonicity and curriculum in tantric Buddhist textual communities. His recently published work is titled "Pakpa’s Verses on Governance in ''Advice to Prince Jibik Temür: A Jewel Rosary''," published in a special issue of ''Cahiers d’Extrême-Asie'' on Kingship, Ritual, and Narrative in Tibet and the Surrounding Cultural Area by The French Institute of Asian Studies (École française d’Extrême-Orient). He has received two U.S. State Department research grants through the Fulbright-Nehru Student Research Fellowship program and the Council of American Overseas Research Centers, and is currently a lecturer in Religious Studies at the University of Colorado, Boulder. ([https://www.religion.ucsb.edu/people/student/adam-krug/ Source Accessed June18, 2021])/adam-krug/ Source Accessed June18, 2021]))
Ary, E. + (Adjunct Professor chez ESSEC Business Scho … Adjunct Professor chez ESSEC Business School. Geshe Khunawa, recognized by the 14th Dalai Lama; Discovered by Geshe Pema Gyaltsen. Elijah Sacvan Ary was born in Vancouver, Canada. In 1979, at age seven, he was recognized as the reincarnation, or tulku, of a Tibetan scholar and spent his teenage years as a monk at Sera Monastery in South India. He went on to study at the University of Quebec in Montreal and the National Institute for Eastern Languages and Civilizations (Inalco) in Paris, and he earned his PhD in the Study of Religion from Harvard University. His writings have appeared in the books Little Buddhas: Children and Childhoods in Buddhist Texts and Traditions, Oxford Bibliographies Online: Buddhism, Contemporary Visions in Tibetan Studies, and Blue Jean Buddha: Voices of Young Buddhists. He lives in Paris with his wife and teaches Buddhism and Tibetan religious history at several institutions. [http://www.wisdompubs.org/author/elijah-s-ary Source Accessed Jun 12, 2015]elijah-s-ary Source Accessed Jun 12, 2015])
A 'dzoms rgyal sras rig 'dzin 'gyur me rdo rje + (Adzom Gyalse Gyurme Dorje (Tib. ཨ་འཛོམ་རྒྱ … Adzom Gyalse Gyurme Dorje (Tib. ཨ་འཛོམ་རྒྱལ་སྲས་འགྱུར་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་, Wyl. a 'dzom rgyal sras 'gyur med rdo rje) aka Agyur Rinpoche (Wyl. a 'gyur rin po che) (1895-1969) — the third son and student of Adzom Drukpa. He was recognized by Jamgön Kongtrul as an emanation of Orgyen Terdak Lingpa.Adzom Gyalse Gyurme Dorje was the third son and student of Adzom Drukpa Drodul Pawo Dorje. His mother was Tashi Lhamo (Tib. bkra shis lha mo), the daughter of a popular merchant named Budo (Tib. bum dos), who became Adzom Drukpa’s spiritual wife at the recommendation of Jamgön Kongtrul. While regarded as the incarnation of several eminent master, Adzom Gyalse was recognised as the incarnation of Minling Terchen Gyurme Dorje. Adzom Drukpa oversaw the spiritual education of Adzom Gyalse and transmitted to him especially his own terma treasures and the teachings of the Great Perfection such as the Longchen Nyingtik and the Chetsün Nyingtik. These in turn became also the main focus of Adzom Gyalse’s study and practice. Thus Adzom Gyalse rose to become of the main holders of the lineage and transmission of the Great Perfection teachings.Adzom Gyalse took over the legacy of his father and became responsible for, the by his father in 1886 established, Adzom Gar (Tib. A ’dzom gar).[2] Unlike his father, Adzom Gyalse took monastic ordination and remained a monk throughout his entire life. He further developed and expanded Adzom Gar and became its main teacher and holder. While Adzom Gyalse had the potential to become a great tertön he decided to focused instead on the preservation and continuation of existing practices and teachings.In 1958, Adzom Gyalse was arrested and put in prison where he gave teachings to his fellow inmates. He passed away in 1969 with many miraculous signs, and left a letter predicting the date and place of his future rebirth and the names of his future parents. In accordance with this letter, Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche recognised a child born in Bhutan in 1980 as the reincarnation of Adzom Gyalse Gyurme Dorje. This child became a monk at Shechen Monastery and received numerous teachings and initiations from Khyentse Rinpoche. ([https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Adzom_Gyalse_Gyurme_Dorje Source Accessed Sep 30, 2022])yurme_Dorje Source Accessed Sep 30, 2022]))
Finnegan, D. + (After a career as a journalist based in Ne … After a career as a journalist based in New York and Hong Kong, Damchö Diana Finnegan ordained as a Buddhist nun in 1999. In 2009, she received her PhD from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, with a thesis on gender and ethics in Sanskrit and Tibetan narratives about Buddha’s direct female disciples in the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya. After completing her dissertation she worked closely with the 17th Gyalwang Karmapa, Ogyen Trinley Dorje, serving as co-editor on various publications, including ''Interconnected: Embracing Life in a Global Society'' and ''The Heart Is Noble: Changing the World from the Inside Out''. In 2007, she co-founded Dharmadatta Nuns’ Community (Comunidad Dharmadatta), a community of Spanish-speaking Buddhist nuns, based first in India and later in Mexico. Together with the other Dharmadatta nuns, she leads a large Latin American community with a commitment to gender and environmental justice as part of its spiritual practice. At the same time, Damchö continues to participate in academic circles, presenting at conferences, editing books, and engaging in various research projects. The most recent publication on which she collaborated, a translation from Sanskrit and Tibetan of the manual for conferring full ordination to women, is forthcoming from Hamburg University’s Numata Center for Buddhist Studies. Damchö has served as a board member of Maitripa College since its founding in 2005. ([https://maitripa.org/damcho-diana-finnegan/ Source Accessed Sep 23, 2021])a-finnegan/ Source Accessed Sep 23, 2021]))
Sodargye, Khenpo + (After being ordained at Larung Gar Serthar … After being ordained at Larung Gar Serthar Buddhist Institute in 1985, Khenpo Sodargye relied on Kyabje Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok Rinpoche as his root guru.After intensive study of the five principle treatises on Madhyamaka, Prajnaparamita, Abhidharma, Vinaya, and Buddhist logic, Khenpo received direct transmissions of tantric teachings such as the Dzogchen, Kalachakra, and the Web of Magical Illusion from Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok Rinpoche and gained unshakable faith in the Omniscient Longchenpa and Mipham Rinpoche. Through his practice, he obtained supreme realization of these teachings.After engaging in classic Tibetan Buddhist debate and undergoing oral and written examination, he obtained his khenpo degree. Khenpo Sodargye was then placed in charge of the institute by Kyabje Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok Rinpoche and became Kyabje’s chief translator for Chinese disciples.’s chief translator for Chinese disciples.)
Abé, R. + (After completing an undergraduate degree i … After completing an undergraduate degree in Economics at Keio University, Ryūichi Abé acquired a master’s degree from the School of Advanced International Affairs, the Johns Hopkins University. He then turned to Religious Studies and was awarded an M. Phil. and Ph.D. from Columbia University. Professor Abé’s research interests center around Buddhism and visual culture, Buddhism and literature, Buddhist theory of language, history of Japanese esoteric Buddhism, Shinto-Buddhist interaction, and Buddhism and gender. He has been teaching wide-ranging graduate and undergraduate courses on East Asian religions and premodern and early modern Japanese religions.His publications include ''Great Fool–Zen Master Ryōkan'' (University of Hawaii Press), the ''Weaving of Mantra–Kūkai and the Construction of Esoteric Buddhist Discourse'' (Columbia University Press), "Word" (in Lopez ed., ''Critical Terms in Buddhist Studies'', University of Chicago Press), "Genjō sanzō no tōei: ''Shingon hasso gyōjōzu'' no saikaishaku" (Tripitaka Master Xuanzang and His Reflections: reinterpreting the narrative painting series ''Deeds of the Shingon Patriarchs''), Sano Midori, et al. eds., ''Chūsei kaiga no matorikkusu II'' (''Matrix of Medieval Paintings II'', Seikansha Press), "Heian shoki tennō no seiken kōtai to kanjō girei" (Early Heian Imperial Succession and Abhiseka Ritual), Nemoto Seiji, et al. eds., ''Nara Bukkyō no dentō to kakushin'' (''Tradition and Innovation in the Buddhism of Nara'', Bensei Shuppan Press), "Revisiting the Dragon Princess: her role in medieval origin stories and its implications in reading the ''Lotus Sutra''" (''Japanese Journal of Religious Studies''), and "Women and the Heike nōkyō: The Dragon Princess, the Jewel and the Buddha" (''Impressions, The Journal of the Japanese Art Society of America''). ([https://rijs.fas.harvard.edu/ryuichi-abe Source Accessed Sept 4, 2020])d.edu/ryuichi-abe Source Accessed Sept 4, 2020]))
Müller, R. + (After graduating from Humboldt University … After graduating from Humboldt University Berlin and following (post-)doctoral research in Munich, Zurich and Kyoto, I am currently a research fellow at the Institute of Philosophy at Hildesheim University (Germany), which specializes in Asian and World philosophy.My research focuses on the philosophy of language and culture, particularly based on the works of Ernst Cassirer and Wilhelm von Humboldt. My interests also encompass regional philosophies including pre-modern Buddhist and modern Japanese philosophy. I have published widely in various languages and translated seminal philosophical works from Japanese into German and English.Throughout my career, I have been engaged in cross-cultural and interdisciplinary research activities inside and outside of academia. I am the founding member of the research network »Morphology as Scientific Paradigm« (funded by the German Research Council, DFG) and have co-curated (as »Konzeptbegleiter«) the new permanent exhibit »Play of culture/s« (»Spiel der Kultur/en«) at Historisches und Völkerkundemuseum in Sankt Gallen, Switzerland. ([http://ralfmueller.eu Source Accessed May 14, 2020])fmueller.eu Source Accessed May 14, 2020]))
Sattizahn, E. + (After meeting Suzuki Roshi in 1970, Rinso … After meeting Suzuki Roshi in 1970, Rinso Ed Sattizahn lived at Tassajara from 1973 to 1977. He spent the next five years at City Center, serving as Zen Center's Vice President and President. From 1983 to 2000 Ed held various executive positions in the microcomputer software industry and developed familiarity with how the world works. In 2003, he served as Shuso (Head Student) at Green Gulch Farm, and in the same year co-founded Vimala Sangha in Mill Valley with Lew Richmond. Vimala Sangha is named after Vimalakirti, the famous householder disciple of the Buddha, and is dedicated to the practice of householder Zen in the tradition of Suzuki Roshi. Ed received Lay Entrustment in 2005, was ordained as a Zen priest in 2010, and received Dharma Transmission in 2012, all from Lew Richmond. Ed previously served on the Zen Center Board for six years (2006-2011) and as board chair for three years (2009-2011). In March 2014, Ed became Abiding Abbot at City Center, and in March 2019 stepped into the role of Central Abbot. He remains the guiding teacher at Vimala Sangha Mill Valley. ([https://www.sfzc.org/teachers/rinso-ed-sattizahn Source Accessed August 13, 2020])attizahn Source Accessed August 13, 2020]))
Sadakata, A. + (Akira Sadakata, professor at Tokai University, is a specialist in Indian Philosophy and the author of many books on Buddhism.)
Cole, A. + (Alan Cole is the author of a number of boo … Alan Cole is the author of a number of books in the field of Religious/Buddhist Studies, including ''Mothers and Sons in Chinese Buddhism'' (Stanford University Press 1998), ''Text as Father: Paternal Seductions in Early Mahayana Buddhist Literature'' (University of California Press 2005), ''Fathering Your Father: The Zen of Fabrication in Tang Buddhism'' (University of California Press 2009), ''Fetishizing Tradition: Desire and Reinvention in Buddhist and Christian Narratives'' (SUNY Press, 2015), and, most recently, ''Patriarchs on Paper: A Critical History of Medieval Chan Literature'' (University of California Press, 2016). He was Professor of Religious Studies at Lewis & Clark College from 2006–2012 and Visiting Professor of Philosophy at National University of Singapore from 2013–2014. ([https://independent.academia.edu/ColeAlan/CurriculumVitae Source Accessed Jul 21, 2020])CurriculumVitae Source Accessed Jul 21, 2020]))
Fox, A. + (Alan Fox is an Professor of Asian and Comp … Alan Fox is an Professor of Asian and Comparative Philosophy and Religion in the Philosophy Department at the University of Delaware. He earned his Ph.D. in Religion from Temple University in 1988, and was a Fulbright Scholar in Taiwan in 1986-87. He came to the University in 1990. He received the University of Delaware’s Excellence in Teaching Award in 1995 and 2006, and the College of Arts and Sciences’ Outstanding Teacher Award in 1999. In 2006 he was named Delaware Professor of the Year by the Carnegie Foundation for Advancement of Teaching and the Council for the Advancement and Support of Education. In 2008 he was named a finalist for the National Inspiring Integrity Award, and in 2012 he was named a Teaching Fellow by the American Association of Philosophy Teachers. He is a former director of both the University Honors Program and the Master of Arts in Liberal Studies Program, as well as advisor to the undergraduate Religious Studies Minor. He has also served as President of the Faculty Senate at both the College and University levels. He has published on Buddhism and Chinese Philosophy. His research is currently focused on Philosophical Daoism. ([https://udel.edu/~afox/ Source Accessed May 18, 2021]).edu/~afox/ Source Accessed May 18, 2021]))
Butters, A. + (Albion M. Butters (Masters of Theological … Albion M. Butters (Masters of Theological Studies, Harvard Divinity School; Fulbright scholar, India; Ph.D., History of Religion, Columbia University) has a specialization in Indo-Tibetan Buddhism. As an Academy of Finland Research Fellow, he is currently engaged in a study on ideological aspects of "Campus Carry" in Texas, focusing in particular on fear and affect, power, and intersections between gun culture and religiosity.Butters is the editor of Studia Orientalia Electronica, an online peer-reviewed imprint of the Studia Orientalia journal (est. 1917, Finnish Oriental Society). His multidisciplinary research interests include questions of identity and meaning-making, shifting ideologies (religious and secular), and the integration of spiritual themes in popular culture. Forthcoming is his monograph titled Spi-Fi: Spiritual Fiction in Comics, which examines the significance of stories and art for identity construction and personal transformation; supported by the Kone Foundation, this research project was inspired by Butters’ involvement as one of the creators of the graphic novel Mandala (Dark Horse Comics, 2014). ([https://utu.academia.edu/AlbionButters Source Academia.edu])ia.edu/AlbionButters Source Academia.edu]))
Dokic, A. + (Aleksa Dokic received a PhD in Buddhist St … Aleksa Dokic received a PhD in Buddhist Studies from the University of Delhi in 2001. The dissertation was titled "Samādhirāja Sūtra: An English Translation of Chapters I-XX of the Sanskrit Text with Critical Notes." The supervisor for the dissertation was Karam Tej Singh Sarao. Dokic is currently Assistant Director, Government Office for Human Rights and Rights of National Minorities, Croatia.nd Rights of National Minorities, Croatia.)
Berzin, A. + (Alexander Berzin (born 1944) grew up in Ne … Alexander Berzin (born 1944) grew up in New Jersey, USA. He began his study of Buddhism in 1962 at Rutgers and then Princeton Universities, and received his PhD in 1972 from Harvard University jointly between the Departments of Sanskrit and Indian Studies and Far Eastern Languages (Chinese). Inspired by the process through which Buddhism was transmitted from one Asian civilization to another and how it was translated and adopted, his focus has been, ever since, on bridging traditional Buddhist and modern Western cultures.Dr. Berzin was resident in India for 29 years, first as a Fulbright Scholar and then with the Translation Bureau, which he helped to found, at the Library of Tibetan Works & Archives in Dharamsala. While in India, he furthered his studies with masters from all four Tibetan Buddhist traditions; however, his main teachers have been His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Tsenzhab Serkong Rinpoche, and Geshe Ngawang Dhargyey. Practicing under their supervision, he completed the major meditation retreats of the Gelug tradition.For nine years, he was the principal interpreter for Tsenzhab Serkong Rinpoche, accompanying him on his foreign tours and training under him to be a Buddhist teacher in his own right. He has served as occasional interpreter for H.H. the Dalai Lama and has organized several international projects for him. These have included Tibetan medical aid for victims of the Chernobyl radiation disaster; preparation of basic Buddhist texts in colloquial Mongolian to help with the revival of Buddhism in Mongolia; and initiation of a Buddhist-Muslim dialogue in universities in the Islamic world.Since 1980, Dr. Berzin has traveled the world, lecturing on Buddhism in universities and Buddhist centers in over 70 countries. He was one of the first to teach Buddhism in most of the communist world, throughout Latin America and large parts of Africa. Throughout his travels, he has consistently tried to demystify Buddhism and show the practical application of its teachings in daily life.A prolific author and translator, Dr. Berzin has published 17 books, including Relating to a Spiritual Teacher, Taking the Kalachakra Initiation, Developing Balanced Sensitivity, and with H.H. the Dalai Lama, The Gelug-Kagyu Tradition of Mahamudra.At the end of 1998, Dr. Berzin returned to the West with about 30,000 pages of unpublished manuscripts of books, articles, and translations he had prepared, transcriptions of teachings of the great masters that he had translated, and notes from all the teachings he had received from these masters. Convinced of the benefit of this material for others and determined that it not be lost, he named it the “Berzin Archives” and settled in Berlin, Germany. There, with the encouragement of H. H. the Dalai Lama, he set out to make this vast material freely available to the world on the Internet, in as many languages as possible.Thus, the Berzin Archives website went online in December 2001. It has expanded to include Dr. Berzin’s ongoing lectures and is now available in 21 languages. For many of them, especially the six Islamic world languages, it is the pioneering work in the field. The present version of the [https://studybuddhism.com/ website] is the next step in Dr. Berzin’s lifelong commitment to building a bridge between the traditional Buddhist and modern worlds. By guiding the teachings across the bridge and showing their relevance to modern life, his vision has been that they would help to bring emotional balance to the world.([https://studybuddhism.com/en/dr-alexander-berzin Source Accessed Dec 4, 2019])Click here for a list of Alexander Berzin's [https://studybuddhism.com/en/dr-alexander-berzin/published-works-of-dr-berzin publications]zin/published-works-of-dr-berzin publications])
Gardner, A. + (Alexander Gardner is the Director and Chie … Alexander Gardner is the Director and Chief Editor of the Treasury of Lives, an online biographical encyclopedia of Tibet and the Himalayan Region. He completed his PhD in Buddhist Studies at the University of Michigan in 2007. From 2007 to 2016 he worked at the Shelley & Donald Rubin Foundation, serving as their Executive Director from 2013 to 2016. His research interests are in Tibetan life writing and the cultural history of Kham in the nineteenth century. He is the author of ''The Life of Jamgon Kongtrul the Great'', published by Shambhala in 2019. Alex served as the writer-in-residence for Tsadra Foundation's Buddha-Nature Project from 2017-2019.dation's Buddha-Nature Project from 2017-2019.)
Lokos, A. + (Allan Lokos is the founder and guiding tea … Allan Lokos is the founder and guiding teacher of the Community Meditation Center located on New York City's upper west side. He is the author of ''Pocket Peace: Effective Practices for Enlightened Living'', ''Patience: The Art of Peaceful Living'', and ''Through the Flames: Overcoming Disaster Through Compassion, Patience, and Determination''. His writing has appeared in The Huffington Post, Tricycle magazine, Beliefnet, and several anthologies.Among the places he has taught are Columbia University Teachers College, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Barre Center for Buddhist Studies, Marymount Manhattan College, The Rubin Museum of Art Brainwave Series, BuddhaFest, NY Insight Meditation Center, The NY Open Center, Tibet House US, and Insight Meditation Community of Washington. Lokos has practiced meditation since the mid-nineties and studied with such renowned teachers as Sharon Salzberg, Thích Nhất Hạnh, Joseph Goldstein, Andrew Olendzki, and Stephen Batchelor.Earlier in this life Lokos enjoyed a successful career as a professional singer. He was in the original Broadway companies of Oliver!, Pickwick (musical), and the Stratford Festival/Broadway production of The Pirates of Penzance. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Lokos Source Accessed May 25, 2021])Allan_Lokos Source Accessed May 25, 2021]))
Graboski, A. + (Allison Choying Zangmo is Anyen Rinpoche's … Allison Choying Zangmo is Anyen Rinpoche's personal translator and a longtime student of both Rinpoche and his root lama, Kyabje Tsara Dharmakirti. She has either translated or collaborated with Rinpoche on all of his books. She lives in Denver, Colorado.She has received empowerments, transmissions and upadesha instructions in the Longchen Nyingthig tradition from Khenchen Tsara Dharmakirti Rinpoche, as well as others of his main students, such as Khenpo Tashi from Do Kham Shedrup Ling. She also received an unusually direct lineage of Do Khyentse Yeshe Dorje’s chod from the realized chodpa Lama Damphel.After moving to the US with Anyen Rinpoche, she received many other empowerments, transmissions and upadesha instructions in the Secret Mantryana tradition from eminent masters such as Taklong Tsetrul Rinpoche, Padma Dunbo, Yangtang Rinpoche, Khenpo Namdrol, Denpai Wangchuk, and Tulku Rolpai Dorje.Allison Choying Zangmo works diligently for both Orgyen Khamdroling and the Phowa Foundation, as well as composing books and translations of traditional texts & sadhanas with Anyen Rinpoche, and spending a portion of each year in retreat. Although she never had any wish to teach Dharma in the west, based on encouragement by Anyen Rinpoche, Tulku Rolpai Dorje and Khenpo Tashi, she began teaching the dharma under Anyen Rinpoche's guidance in 2017. ([https://orgyenkhamdroling.org/rinpoche/allison Source: Orgyen Khamdroling])/rinpoche/allison Source: Orgyen Khamdroling]))
Cutler, D. + (Along with her husband, Joshua W. C. Cutler, Diana Cutler serves as co-director of the Tibetan Buddhist Learning Center (TBLC) in Washington, N.J.)
Lobsang Tharchin, Sermey Khensur + (Also known as Geshe Lobsang Tharchin (1921 … Also known as Geshe Lobsang Tharchin (1921 - 2004). Full Obituary: http://www.acidharma.org/directors/kr_passing.html(Sermey Khensur Rinpoche Lobsang Tharchin) Khensur Rinpoche first came to the United States in April 1972; he continued to live and teach here for more than 30 years. He was one of the most senior Tibetan Buddhist masters to bring the holy teachings of Tibetan Buddhism to the west.Sermey Khensur Rinpoche Lobsang Tharchin was born in Lhasa, Tibet in 1921. He entered the Mey College of Sera Monastery at an early age and proceeded through the rigorous 25 year program of Buddhist monastic and philosophical studies. Upon successful completion of the public examination by the best scholars of the day, Rinpoche was awarded the highest degree of Hlarampa Geshe with honors. In 1954, he entered the Gyumed Tantric College, completed its course of study under strict monastic discipline, and shortly afterwards attained a high-ranking administrative position.In 1959, Rinpoche escaped to India along with His Holiness, the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, and tens of thousands of other Tibetans. Actively involved in Tibetan resettlement, he compiled a series of textbooks for a Tibetan curriculum to be used in refugee schools and also taught in Darjeeling, Simla, and Mussoorie.In 1972, Khen Rinpoche was chosen by H.H. the Dalai Lama to come to the United States to participate in a project involving the translation of Buddhist scriptures. Upon its completion, he was invited to serve as the Abbot of Rashi Gempil Ling Temple in New Jersey, a position that he held until his passing, on December 1, 2004. In 1975 Rinpoche founded the Mahayana Sutra and Tantra Center in Washington D.C., with a branch in New Jersey, as well as, the Mahayana Sutra and Tantra Press. Over the years he has offered a vast range of Buddhist teachings.In 1991, Khen Rinpoche was asked by His Holiness the Dalai Lama to serve as Abbot of Sera Mey monastery in south India. After a brief appointment there, he returned to the United States, where he continued to teach and direct a number of projects dedicated to the restoration of Sera Mey Monastery in India and to the flourishing of the Mahayana Buddhist Dharma in the West unitl his passing in December of 2004. [http://mstcdharma.org/teachers-history-of-center/ Mahayana Sutra and Tantra Center of Washington, DC]Sutra and Tantra Center of Washington, DC])
Bo Fazu + (Also known as Po-yüan or Po Fa-tsu. A prie … Also known as Po-yüan or Po Fa-tsu. A priest and a translator of Buddhist texts during the late Western Chin dynasty (265–316) in China. He built a Buddhist monastery at Ch'ang-an, where he translated and lectured on Buddhist scriptures. In 305 he set out for Lung-yu, where he intended to live in retirement. He was killed along the way, however, because of his refusal to work for Chang Fu, the local governor of Ch'in-chou, and also because of accusations lodged by someone he had defeated in debate. The Buddha's Parinirvāna Sutra, one of the Hinayana versions of the Nirvana Sutra, was translated by Fa-tsu. ([https://www.nichirenlibrary.org/en/dic/Content/F/14 Source Accessed Sep 3, 2021])Content/F/14 Source Accessed Sep 3, 2021]))
Vanaratna + (Also known by his Tibetan name of nags kyi … Also known by his Tibetan name of nags kyi rin chen (1384-1468), a Bengali Paṇḍita and Māhasiddha, reportedly the "last great Indian Paṇdita to visit Tibet". He was born in Sadnagara, near present-day Chittagong. At age eight he received novice ordination from Buddhaghoṣa and Sujataratna. He took up his studies and perfected them very quickly. At age 20 he received full ordination from the same two masters, and went to Shri Lanka for six years, where he spent most of his time meditating in seclusion. Upon his return to India, he was greatly praised by the famous scholar Narāditya.At Śrī Dhānya-kaṭaka mahā-caitya he met, in a vision, with Māhasiddha Shavaripa and received from him his unique transmission of the Sadaṅga-yoga, the Six-limbed Yoga of the Kālacakra tradition. Vanaratna eventually beheld a vision of Avalokiteśvara, who advised him to go to Tibet.Vanaratna visited Tibet in 1426, 1433 and 1453 and spread the Kālacakra lineage and instructions of Paṇḍita Vibhūti-candra there, especially the Sadaṅga-yoga according to Anupamarakṣita, and many other teachings. He also assisted in the translation of many texts and treatises. Such famous Tibetan masters as Gö Lotsawa Shönnu Pal (1392-1481) and Thrimkang Lotsawa Sönam Gyatso (1424-1482) were his close students. He also spent time in Bhutan, where even nowadays there is a temple, near Paro, with a sacred statue of his and a rock that bears his name in old Bengali script. Vanaratna spent his final years in the Gopicandra Vihara in Patan/Kathmandu, now known as Pinthu Bahal, and passed away there. (Source: [https://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/Vanaratna RY wiki])i.tsadra.org/index.php/Vanaratna RY wiki]))
Carpenter, A. + (Amber Carpenter is Associate Professor at … Amber Carpenter is Associate Professor at Yale-NUS College, and supervises doctoral students at the University of York. Dr. Carpenter specializes in Ancient Greek philosophy and Indian Buddhist philosophy. She is particularly concerned with the place of reason in a well-lived life— what might reason be that it could be ethically relevant, or even required? Addressing this question opens up lines of inquiry in metaphysics, epistemology and philosophical psychology.Dr. Carpenter’s work considers the intersections of these areas of inquiry. In both Greece and India, metaphysics and epistemology mattered. Debates over them were parts of wider disputes about the nature and domain of the moral. Dr. Carpenter’s work in Ancient Greek philosophy focuses on Plato’s metaphysical ethics and related epistemological issues— including the intelligence of plants. Her book, Indian Buddhist Philosophy, appeared in 2014, and her study of the pudgalavādins can be found in The Moon Points Back (2015). In her current work, she creates a conversation between these two philosophical traditions, under the rubric ‘Metaphysics and Epistemology as Ethics’, as for instance in ‘Ethics of Substance’.She recently held a fellowship with the Beacon Project, exploring “Ethical Ambitions and Their Formation of Character”.Dr. Carpenter is currently Rector of Elm College, Yale-NUS. From 2015 to 2017, she was Head of Philosophy at Yale-NUS, where she initiated the Ancient Worlds Research Group. She was a co-founder of the Yorkshire Ancient Philosophy Network; and collaborates with Rachael Wiseman on the Integrity Project.[https://integrityproject.org/amber-carpenter/ Read more at the Integrity Project]enter/ Read more at the Integrity Project])
Heller, A. + (Amy Heller is affiliated with CNRS, Paris … Amy Heller is affiliated with CNRS, Paris (Tibetan studies unit 7133). She has traveled many times to Tibet, Nepal and along the Silk Road. Her trip to Tibet in 1995 as a part of team for evaluating restoration of monasteries of Gra thang and Zha lu and its subsequent research resulted in her book Tibetan Art (1999) published in English, French, Italian and Spanish. She has been curator for two exhibitions of Tibetan art (Yale University Art Gallery, and Beinecke Library, Yale). Her forthcoming book Hidden Treasures of the Himalaya: Tibetan manuscripts, paintings and sculptures of Dolpo is a study of the cultural history of Dolpo, Nepal, presenting a collection of 650 volumes of 12th-16th century illuminated Tibetan manuscripts conserved in an ancient Dolpo temple.ipts conserved in an ancient Dolpo temple.)
An Xuan + (An Xuan (Chinese: 安玄; pinyin: Ānxuán) was … An Xuan (Chinese: 安玄; pinyin: Ānxuán) was a Parthian layman credited with working alongside An Shigao (Chinese: 安世高; pinyin: Ānshìgāo) and Yan Fotiao (Chinese: 嚴佛調; pinyin: Yán Fúdiào) in the translation of early Buddhist texts in Luoyang in Later Han China. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Xuan Source Accessed Aug 30, 2021])iki/An_Xuan Source Accessed Aug 30, 2021]))
Carus, P. + (An early supporter of Buddhism in America … An early supporter of Buddhism in America and the proponent of the "religion of science": a faith that claimed to be purified of all superstition and irrationality and that, in harmony with science, would bring about solutions to the world's problems. Carus was born in Ilsenberg in Harz, Germany. He immigrated to America in 1884, settling in LaSalle, Illinois, where he assumed the editorship of the Open Court Publishing Company. He attended the World Parliament of Religions in Chicago in 1893 and became friends with several of the Buddhist delegates, including Dharmapāla and Shaku Sōen, who were among the first to promote his writing.Later, Shaku Sōen's student, Daisetz Teitaro Susuki, woudld spend eleven years working with and for Carus in LaSalle. In 1894, Carus published ''The Gospel of Buddha according to Old Records'', an anthology of passages from Buddhist texts drawn from contemporary translations in English, French, and German, making particular use of translations from the Pāli by Thomas W. Rhys Davids, as well as translations of the life of the Buddha from Chinese and Tibetan sources. Second only to Edwin Arnold's ''Light of Asia'' in intellectual influence at the time, ''The Gospel'' was arranged like the Bible, with numbered chapters and verses and a table at the end that listed parallel passages from the New Testament. ''The Gospel'' was intended to highlight the many agreements between Buddhism and Christianity, thereby bringing out "that nobler Christianity which aspires to the cosmic religion of universal truth." Carus was free in his manipulation of his sources, writing in the preface that he had rearranged, retranslated, and added emendations and elaborations in order to make them more accessible to a Western audience; for this reason, the translated sources are not always easy to trace back to the original literature. He also makes it clear in the preface that his ultimate goal is to lead his readers to the Religion of Science. He believed that both Buddhism and Christianity, when understood correctly, would point the way to the Religion of Science. Although remembered today for his ''Gospel'', Carus wrote some seventy books and more than a thousand articles. His books include studies of Goethe, Schiller, Kant, and Chinese thought. (Source: The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, 2014, 168)inceton Dictionary of Buddhism, 2014, 168))
Śāntākaragupta + (An eleventh-century Buddhist scholar, one … An eleventh-century Buddhist scholar, one of the revisors of the ''Saddharmasmṛtyupasthāna'', together with Abhayākaragupta, Śākyarakṣita, and Vidyākaraśānti. Śāntākaragupta translated several texts (''Avalokiteśvarasādhana'', ''Ālambanaparīkṣā'', ''Ālambanaparīkṣāvṛtti'', ''Trikālaparīkṣā'') into Tibetan together with Tshul khrims rgyal mtshan, who also collaborated with Abhayākaragupta, who was active during the reign of Rāmapāla (c. 1075–1128). (Adapted from Dezső, "Inspired Poetry:Śāntākaragupta's Play on the Legend of Prince Sudhana and the ''Kinnarī''," ''Indo-Iranian Journal'' 57 (2014): 92)," ''Indo-Iranian Journal'' 57 (2014): 92))
Bjonback, A. + (Anders holds a Bachelors degree from Narop … Anders holds a Bachelors degree from Naropa University and joined the Centre for Buddhist Studies in 2006. At CBS Anders graduated with a BA in Buddhist Studies in 2010 and afterwards joined the MA program.His thesis supervisor was Dr. Karin Meyers and the external reader was Prof. Dr. Klaus-Dieter Mathes from the University of Vienna, Austria.Anders also secured a Tsadra foundation scholarship for his MA studies and recently took ordination. ([http://ryi-student-blog.blogspot.com/2012/12/congratulations-anders-bjonback.html Source Accessed Aug 12, 2020])onback.html Source Accessed Aug 12, 2020]))
Miller, A. + (Andrea Miller is the deputy editor of ''Li … Andrea Miller is the deputy editor of ''Lion's Roar'' magazine (formerly the Shambhala Sun) and the author of two picture books: ''The Day the Buddha Woke Up'' and ''My First Book of Canadian Birds''. She's also the editor of three anthologies, most recently ''All the Rage: Buddhist Wisdom on Anger and Acceptance''. ([https://newbooksnetwork.com/andrea-miller-the-day-the-buddha-woke-up-wisdom-publications-2018/ Source Accessed July 28, 2020])ions-2018/ Source Accessed July 28, 2020]))
Doctor, A. + (Andreas Doctor (PhD 2004, University of Ca … Andreas Doctor (PhD 2004, University of Calgary) is the director of the Dharmachakra Translation Committee and the editorial co-director of 84000.For a number of years, Andreas has studied Buddhist history and philosophy under the guidance of Tibetan monks and lamas, mostly in Nepal at Ka-Nying Shedrub Ling Monastery. As a founding member of Rangjung Yeshe Institute, he spent fifteen years teaching at the Institute and for most of this period he served as director of studies at Kathmandu University’s Centre for Buddhist Studies, located at Rangjung Yeshe Institute.As director of the Dharmachakra Translation Committee, Andreas has participated in numerous translation projects, most recently in translating sūtras and tantras from the Tibetan canon. He is also a founding member of Rangjung Yeshe Gomde, Denmark. ([https://www.khyentsevision.org/team/dr-andreas-doctor/ Adapted from Source Oct 1, 2022])-doctor/ Adapted from Source Oct 1, 2022]))
Bacrǎu, A. + (Andrei-Valentin Bacrău's work is focused o … Andrei-Valentin Bacrău's work is focused on extrapolating a theory of ethics from Wittgenstein's views on language. Previously, he was at Nālandā University in Bihar, India, working on comparative ethics. As an undergraduate, he studied at the George Washington University in DC, where he double-majored in International Affairs (Security Policy), and Philosophy (Public Affairs). ([https://uzh.academia.edu/AndreiValentinBacr%C4%83u Adapted from Source Feb 11, 2021])%C4%83u Adapted from Source Feb 11, 2021]))
Quintman, A. + (Andrew Quintman is a scholar of Buddhist t … Andrew Quintman is a scholar of Buddhist traditions in Tibet and the Himalayan world focusing on Buddhist literature and history, sacred geography and pilgrimage, and visual cultures of the wider Himalaya. His work addresses the intersections of Buddhist literary production, circulation, and reception; the reciprocal influences of textual and visual narratives; and the formation of religious subjectivities and institutional identities. He is also engaged in developing new digital tools for the study and teaching of religion. His book, The Yogin and the Madman: Reading the Biographical Corpus of Tibet’s Great Saint Milarepa (Columbia University Press 2014), won the American Academy of Religion’s 2014 Award for Excellence in the Study of Religion, the 2015 Heyman Prize for outstanding scholarship from Yale University, and received honorable mention for the 2016 E. Gene Smith Book Prize at the Association of Asian Studies. In 2010 his new English translation of the Life of Milarepa was published by Penguin Classics. He is currently working on two new projects, one exploring Buddhist religious and literary culture in the borderlands of Tibet and Nepal, and the other examining the Life of the Buddha through visual and literary materials associated with the seventeenth-century Jonang Monastery in western Tibet. ([https://www.wesleyan.edu/academics/faculty/aquintman/profile.html Source: Wesleyan Website])Quintman currently serves as the President of the Board of Directors of the [https://www.tbrc.org/#!footer/about/newhome Buddhist Digital Resource Center] (BDRC). He is former Co-Chair of the [http://campuspress.yale.edu/thrg/ Tibetan and Himalayan Religions Group of the American Academy of Religion] and co-leads an ongoing collaborative workshop on [http://tibetanlit.org/ Religion and the Literary in Tibet].You can see an amazing example of Quintman's [http://lotb.iath.virginia.edu/ contributions to digital scholarship on the Life of the Buddha project website].n the Life of the Buddha project website].)
Rawlinson, A. + (Andrew Rawlinson was a war baby (b.1943) a … Andrew Rawlinson was a war baby (b.1943) and lived in 17 different places by the time he was six. He got hit early on: Elvis, Jelly Roll Morton, Samuel Johnson, John Keats, Jack Kerouac, Cezanne, Pollock. And Zeus. He added philosophy and Indian traditions to rock’n’roll, jazz and literature. He was a scholar at Cambridge and did a Ph.D on the ''Lotus Sūtra'' at the University of Lancaster. He taught Buddhism for 20 years and put on a course on Altered States of Consciousness at Berkeley and Santa Barbara. He is the author of ''The Book of Enlightened Masters: Western Teachers on Eastern Traditions'' (Open Ciourt, 1997) and ''The Hit: Into the Rock’n’Roll Universe and Beyond'' (99 Press, 2014). ([https://explore.scimednet.org/index.php/events/event/the-hit-derangement-and-revelation/ Source Accessed May 19, 2020])revelation/ Source Accessed May 19, 2020]))
Skilton, A. + (Andrew Skilton is a scholar of the Buddhis … Andrew Skilton is a scholar of the Buddhist history and literature of South, Southeast Asia. He studied Buddhism and Buddhist languages at the universities of Bristol and Oxford, where he did his Ph.D. on the ''Samādhirājasūtra'', a major Mahāyāna scripture, examining its Chinese, Tibetan, Sanskrit, and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit recensions. He was senior lecturer in Buddhist studies at Cardiff University and associate lecturer and research fellow at SOAS, London. He is now senior research fellow in Buddhist studies in the Theology and Religious Studies Department at King’s College, London, and also manages the Revealing Hidden Collections Project at the Bodleian Library, Oxford. His publications include ''A Concise History of Buddhism'', ''The Bodhicaryāvatāra'' (with Kate Crosby), and ''How the Nāgas Were Pleased''. ([http://www.ubcpress.ca/andrew-skilton Source Accessed Jan 7, 2021])drew-skilton Source Accessed Jan 7, 2021]))
Bareau, A. + (André Bareau (December 31, 1921- March 2, … André Bareau (December 31, 1921- March 2, 1993) was a prominent French Buddhologist and a leader in the establishment of the field of Buddhist Studies in the 20th century. He was a professor at the Collège de France from 1971 to 1991 and Director of the Study of Buddhist Philosophy at L'École Pratique des Hautes Études. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Bareau Source Accessed Apr 8, 2022])C3%A9_Bareau Source Accessed Apr 8, 2022]))
Chédel, A. + (André Chédel, born in Neuchâtel in 1915 an … André Chédel, born in Neuchâtel in 1915 and died in Le Locle in 1984, was a self-taught Swiss philosopher and researcher, writer, orientalist and journalist.The only child of a family from Le Locle, he had a great interest in Eastern languages and civilizations from a very young age. He first studied as an autodidact and then in Paris at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, at the School of Oriental Languages and at the Sorbonne between 1936 and 1939.Fascinated by the East and interested in philosophical, spiritual and religious ideas, in 1944 he composed an anthology of Eastern religious and sacred texts, then several essays, in particular ''Judaism and Christianity: the bases of an agreement between Jews and Christians, towards a spiritualist religion'' (1951), ''For a secular humanism'' (1963), ''On the threshold of Solomon's temple: reflections on Freemasonry'' (1977) and finally ''The absolute, this research: analysis of monotheistic religions'' (1980). His literary activity is rich, varied and accessible. Among other things, he also wrote a novel, ''The Rise to Carmel'' (1958), a collection of short stories ''Contes et portraits'' (1958), a set of short texts ''Vagabondages: evocations and reflections'' (1974), as well as various travel stories.At the same time, he translated numerous texts into French, in particular works in Russian (''La Russie face à l'Occident'' by Dostoyevsky in 1945, ''Les Nouvelles'' by Anton Chekhov in 1959), in ancient Greek (''Les Perses d' Eschyle'' in 1946), in Arabic (''Choice of Tales from the Arabian Nights'' in 1949), in Sanskrit (''Bhagavad-Gîtâ'' in 1971 ). In addition, he wrote several prefaces.In addition to his abundant publications, André Chédel was also a freelance journalist and collaborated with numerous daily newspapers and reviews: the Journal de Genève, the Gazette de Lausanne, L'Essor (of which he was the head from 1950 to 1952), L'Impartial, La Revue de Suisse, La Vie protestante, and others.André Chédel was a Freemason, a member of the Swiss Grand Lodge Alpina.He finally received several prizes and distinctions, he is notably Doctor of Letters Honoris Causa from the University of Neuchâtel in 1962. From the French Academy, he received the Louis-Paul-Miller Prize in 1972 for his book ''Vers l'Universalité''. ([https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Ch%C3%A9del Source Accessed Apr 7, 2022])_Ch%C3%A9del Source Accessed Apr 7, 2022]))
Palmo, A. J. + (Ani Jinpa Palmo (also [[Ani Jinba Palmo]] … Ani Jinpa Palmo (also [[Ani Jinba Palmo]] or [[Eugenie De Jong]]) is a Dutch Buddhist nun who has studied Tibetan Buddhism since 1968 and was ordained in India in 1969. In the seventies she served as an interpreter for [[Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche]] and currently serves as an interpreter for Kyabje [[Trulshik Rinpoche]] while spending her winters in Nepal and India. During her summers in Europe and the US she occasionally serves as an interpreter for [[Khenpo Pema Sherab]] and [[Kunzang Dechen Lingpa]]. She has translated a number of Tibetan Buddhist books and also did numerous unpublished translations for private purposes.blished translations for private purposes.)
Chávez, A. + (Ann Chávez is a long-time student of Geshe … Ann Chávez is a long-time student of Geshe Lhundub Sopa. She helped translate ''The Crystal Mirror of Philosophical Systems'' by Nyima Chökyi Thuken, an extensive survey of Buddhist and non-Buddhist philosophical system found in Asia. ([https://fpmt.org/mandala/archives/mandala-for-2013/january/like-a-waking-dream/ann-chavez/ Source Accessed June 19, 2020])nn-chavez/ Source Accessed June 19, 2020]))
Zilman, A. + (Anna (a.k.a. Anya) holds a MA degree in Bu … Anna (a.k.a. Anya) holds a MA degree in Buddhist Studies from the Kathmandu University Centre for Buddhist Studies at the Rangjung Yeshe Institute. Her MA thesis was entitled: “Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo and the Nonsectarian Movement: A Critical Look at Representations of 19th Century Tibetan Buddhism”.Anna joined the BA program at RYI in 2007, and the Translator Training Program (TTP) in 2008 and has been teaching in RYI since 2009 as a language instructor in the TTP. She has been the a manager of the TTP since 2010. Anna also interprets for a variety of different teachers from Tibetan into English and Russian. ([https://www.ryi.org/faculty/anna-zilman Source Accessed Sept 30, 2020])nna-zilman Source Accessed Sept 30, 2020]))
Burchardi, A. + (Anne Burchardi took refuge with Ven. Kalu … Anne Burchardi took refuge with Ven. Kalu Rinpoche in 1976. In 1978 she became a student of Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche and started her education as a Tibetan translator with him. 1978–1980 she was the secretary of Center for Tibetan Buddhism, Karma Drub Djy Ling, Copenhagen, Denmark. 1978-1979 she was secretary at The Ethnographical Department of The National Museum, Copenhagen. In 1980 she became a member of The Translating Board of Kagyu Tekchen Shedra, International Educational Institute of Higher Learning, Bruxelles, Belgium. She lived in Kathmandu from 1984–1992 and in 1986 she became Teacher at Marpa Institute for Translation, Kathmandu, Nepal. 1988–1991 she was secretary and course coordinator at Marpa Institute for Translation. From 1986 to 2015 she was interpreter for various Tibetan Lamas of the Kagyu, Nyingma, and Gelukpa lineages teaching Buddhism mainly in Europe and Asia, and occasionally in the USA and Canada.1997–2002 she was Teaching Assistant in Tibetan Language Studies, at The Asian Insitute, University of Copenhagen. 1999–2015 she was Associate Professor in Tibetology, Department of Asian Studies, Institute of Cross Cultural & Regional Studies, University of Copenhagen. 1999-2007 she was Research Librarian and Curator, Tibetan Section, Department of Orientalia & Judaica, The Royal Library of Denmark, Copenhagen. 2000 She was Consultant for Tibet, International Development Partners, DANIDA, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in Lhasa and Denmark.2001-2015 she was Lecturer on Buddhism and Tibetan Culture at The Public University, Copenhagen & Aarhus.2002–2010 she was Researcher and Consultant at The Twinning Library Project, between The National Library of Bhutan, Thimphu and The Royal Library of Denmark, Copenhagen.2004–2005 she was Visiting Professor at Deparmnet of Religion, Naropa University, Boulder, CO.2005–2015 she was Lecturer on Buddhism at Pende Ling, Center for Tibetan Buddhism, Copenhagen.2007–2015 she was Lecturer on Buddhist Studies, The Buddhist University, Pende Ling, Copenhagen.2010 She was for Consultant for Liason Office of Denmark, Thimphu, Bhutan, DANIDA, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Copenhagen.2011-2013 She was a Culture Guide in Nepal, Bhutan, and Tibet for Cramon Travels and for Kipling Travels.2012–2020 She was a translator for the 84000 project.(Source: Anne Burchardi Email, Jan 18, 2021.)project. (Source: Anne Burchardi Email, Jan 18, 2021.))
Klein, A. + (Anne Carolyn Klein (Rigzin Drolma), Profes … Anne Carolyn Klein (Rigzin Drolma), Professor and Former Chair of Religious Studies, Rice University, and Founding Director of Dawn Mountain. (www.dawnmountain.org). Her six books include ''Heart Essence of the Vast Expanse: A Story of Transmission''; ''Meeting the Great Bliss Queen'', ''Knowledge & Liberation, and Paths to the Middle'' as well as ''Unbounded Wholeness'' with Geshe Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche. She has also been a consulting scholar in several Mind and Life programs. Her central thematic interest is the interaction between head and heart as illustrated across a spectrum of Buddhist descriptions of the many varieties of human consciousness. ([https://www.colorado.edu/event/lotsawa/presenters/anne-klein Source Accessed July 24, 2020])ers/anne-klein Source Accessed July 24, 2020]))
Drolma, C. + (Anne Holland (Pema Chonyi Drolma), Tibetan … Anne Holland (Pema Chonyi Drolma), Tibetan Buddhist priest, translator, meditation guide and teacher.Chönyi Drolma completed six years of retreat under the direction of Thinley Norbu Rinpoche and Lama Tharchin Rinpoché in 2012 at Pema Osel Ling. She translated the autobiography of Traktung Dudjom Lingpa into English, published as [[A Clear Mirror]], as well as the secret biography of [[Yeshe Tsogyal]] as [[The Life and Visions of Yeshe Tsogyal]]. She currently lives in Montreal where she continues to translate and take her lamas’ instructions to heart.[http://www.jnanasukha.org/news-blog/translation-secret-biography Source Accessed 16 March, 2016]-biography Source Accessed 16 March, 2016])
Warren, A. + (Anne Warren is affiliated with the Cleveland chapter of Jewel Heart Tibetan Buddhist Learning Center. She serves on the Executive Committee as Dharma Coordinator. In addition, she is an editor of several works by Gelek Rimpoche.)
Jack, A. + (Anthony Abraham Jack (Ph.D., Harvard Unive … Anthony Abraham Jack (Ph.D., Harvard University, 2016) is a junior fellow at the Harvard Society of Fellows and an assistant professor of Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. He holds the Shutzer Assistant Professorship at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study.His research documents the overlooked diversity among lower-income undergraduates: the ''Doubly Disadvantaged'' — those who enter college from local, typically distressed public high schools — and ''Privileged Poor'' — those who do so from boarding, day, and preparatory high schools. His scholarship appears in the ''Common Reader'', ''Du Bois Review'', ''Sociological Forum'', and ''Sociology of Education'' and has earned awards from the American Educational Studies Association, American Sociological Association, Association for the Study of Higher Education, Eastern Sociological Society, and the Society for the Study of Social Problems. Jack held fellowships from the Ford Foundation and the National Science Foundation and was a National Academy of Education/Spencer Foundation Dissertation Fellow. The National Center for Institutional Diversity at the University of Michigan named him an Emerging Diversity Scholar. In May 2020, Muhlenberg College will award him an honorary doctorate for his work in transforming higher education.The ''New York Times'', ''Boston Globe'', ''The Atlantic'', ''The New Yorker'', ''The Chronicle of Higher Education'', ''The Huffington Post'', ''The Nation'', ''American Conservative Magazine'', ''The National Review'', ''Commentary Magazine'', ''The Washington Post'', ''Financial Times'', ''Times Higher Education'', ''Vice'', ''Vox'', and ''NPR'' have featured his research and writing as well as biographical profiles of his experiences as a first-generation college student. ''The Privileged Poor: How Elite Colleges Are Failing Disadvantaged Students'' is his first book. ([https://www.gse.harvard.edu/faculty/anthony-jack Source Accessed Mar 22, 2021])nthony-jack Source Accessed Mar 22, 2021]))
Warder, A. + (Anthony Kennedy Warder (8 September 1924 – … Anthony Kennedy Warder (8 September 1924 – 8 January 2013) was a British Indologist. His best-known works are Introduction to Pali (1963), ''Indian Buddhism'' (1970), and the eight-volume ''Indian Kāvya Literature'' (1972–2011).He studied Sanskrit and Pali at the School of Oriental and African Studies, and received his doctorate from there in 1954. His thesis, supervised by John Brough, was entitled ''Pali Metre: A Study of the Evolution of Early Middle Indian Metre Based on the Verse Preserved in the Pali Canon''. (When it was published in 1967, the title was changed to ''Pali Metre: A Contribution to the History of Indian Literature''.)For a number of years, he was an active member of the Pali Text Society, which published his first book, ''Introduction to Pali'', in 1963. He based his popular primer on extracts from the Dīgha Nikāya, and took the then revolutionary step of treating Pali as an independent language, not just a derivative of Sanskrit.His began his academic career at the University of Edinburgh in 1955, but in 1963 moved to the University of Toronto. There, as Chairman of the Department of East Asian Studies, he built up a strong programme in Sanskrit and South Asian studies. He retired in 1990.''Studies on Buddhism in Honour of Professor A. K. Warder'' was published in 1993, edited by Narendra K. Wagle and Fumimaro Watanabe.He and his wife, Nargez, died of natural causes almost simultaneously on 8 January 2013. He was eighty-eight, and she was ninety. They had no children. They were buried together following a Buddhist service. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._K._Warder Source Accessed Feb 10, 2021])._K._Warder Source Accessed Feb 10, 2021]))
Forte, A. + (Antonino Forte is professor of East Asian … Antonino Forte is professor of East Asian religions and thought at theIstituto Universitario Orientale, Naples, and is concurrently director ofthe Italian School of East Asian Studies in Kyoto. He was a member ofthe Ecole Française d’Extrême-Orient between 1976 and 1985. He is theauthor of Political Propaganda and Ideology in China at the End of the SeventhCentury and Mingtang and Buddhist Utopias in the History of the AstronomicalClock, and the editor of Tang China and Beyond. His current researchfocuses on East Asian Buddhist philosophies of history and the historicalrelevance of the “borderland complex” in East Asian countries.Source: [[Chinese Buddhist Apocrypha]]e Buddhist Apocrypha]])
Goldfield, A. + (Ari Goldfield is a Buddhist teacher. He ha … Ari Goldfield is a Buddhist teacher. He had the unique experience of being continuously in the training and service of his own teacher, Khenpo Tsültrim Gyamtso Rinpoche, for eleven years. From 1998-2009, Ari served as Khenpo Rinpoche’s translator and secretary, accompanying Rinpoche on seven round-the-world teaching tours. Ari received extensive instruction from Rinpoche in Buddhist philosophy, meditation, and teaching methods, and meditated under Rinpoche’s guidance in numerous retreats. In 2006, Khenpo Rinpoche sent Ari on his own tour to teach philosophy, meditation, and yogic exercise in Europe, North America, and Asia. In 2007, Ari moved with Rinpoche to Seattle, where he served and helped care for him until Rinpoche moved back to Nepal in 2009. Ari now teaches in Rinpoche’s Karma Kagyu lineage, with the blessings of the head of the lineage, H.H. the 17th Gyalwang Karmapa, and of Khenpo Rinpoche.Ari is also a published translator and author of books, articles, and numerous songs of realization and texts on Buddhist philosophy and meditation. These include Khenpo Rinpoche’s books ''Stars of Wisdom'', ''The Sun of Wisdom'', and Rinpoche’s ''Song of the Eight Flashing Lances'' teaching, which appeared in ''The Best Buddhist Writing'' 2007. He is a contributing author of ''Freeing the Body, Freeing the Mind: Writings on the Connections Between Yoga and Buddhism''.Ari studied Buddhist texts in Tibetan and Sanskrit at Buddhist monasteries in Nepal and India, and at the Central Institute for Higher Tibetan Studies in India. In addition to translating for Khenpo Rinpoche, he has also served as translator for H.H. Karmapa, Tenga Rinpoche, and many other Tibetan teachers. From 2007–11, Ari served as president of the Marpa Foundation, a nonprofit organization initiated by Khenpo Rinpoche that supports Buddhist translation, nunneries in Bhutan and Nepal, and other Buddhist activities. Ari holds a BA from Harvard College and a JD from Harvard Law School, both with honors. ([https://insightla.org/teacher/ari-goldfield-2/ Source Accessed July 22, 2020])ldfield-2/ Source Accessed July 22, 2020]))
Schelling, Arne + (Arne Schelling studied Western and Chinese … Arne Schelling studied Western and Chinese medicine in Germany and China and now works as a physician in Berlin. From 1995 to 2001 he worked to develop the Kagyu Centers Theksum Tashi Chöling in Hamburg and Kamalashila-Institute in Langenfeld, Germany. He frequently translates (from English to German) for masters of all the Tibetan Buddhist traditions, in Germany and Switzerland. In 2001 Dzongsar Khyentse Rinpoche appointed Arne as president of Siddhartha’s Intent Europe, and he later became a country representative for Khyentse Foundation in Germany. Since 2002 he has directed the film project "Heart Advice," which aims to preserve the essence of the teachings of Tibetan masters. He also gives instruction at several Buddhist centers in Germany.on at several Buddhist centers in Germany.)
Engle, A. + (Artemus B. Engle began studying the Tibeta … Artemus B. Engle began studying the Tibetan language in Howell, New Jersey in early 1971 at Labsum Shedrup Ling, the precursor of the Tibetan Buddhist Learning Center. In 1972 he became a student of Sera Mey Khensur Lobsang Tharchin Rinpoche, a relationship that spanned more than thirty years. In 1975 he enrolled in the Buddhist Studies program at the University of Wisconsin in Madison and received a PhD in 1983. Since the mid-1980s he taught Tibetan language and Buddhist doctrine at the Mahayana Sutra and Tantra Center in Howell, New Jersey. In 2005 he became a Tsadra Foundation Translation Fellow and has worked primarily on the ''Pañcaskandhaprakarana'' and the ''Bodhisattvabhūmi''.aprakarana'' and the ''Bodhisattvabhūmi''.)
Waley, A. + (Arthur David Waley (born Arthur David Schl … Arthur David Waley (born Arthur David Schloss, 19 August 1889 – 27 June 1966) was an English orientalist and sinologist who achieved both popular and scholarly acclaim for his translations of Chinese and Japanese poetry. Among his honours were the CBE in 1952, the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry in 1953, and he was invested as a Companion of Honour in 1956.Although highly learned, Waley avoided academic posts and most often wrote for a general audience. He chose not to be a specialist but to translate a wide and personal range of classical literature. Starting in the 1910s and continuing steadily almost until his death in 1966, these translations started with poetry, such as ''A Hundred and Seventy Chinese Poems'' (1918) and ''Japanese Poetry: The Uta'' (1919), then an equally wide range of novels, such as ''The Tale of Genji'' (1925–26), an 11th-century Japanese work, and ''Monkey'', from 16th-century China. Waley also presented and translated Chinese philosophy, wrote biographies of literary figures, and maintained a lifelong interest in both Asian and Western paintings.A recent evaluation called Waley "the great transmitter of the high literary cultures of China and Japan to the English-reading general public; the ambassador from East to West in the first half of the 20th century", and went on to say that he was "self-taught, but reached remarkable levels of fluency, even erudition, in both languages. It was a unique achievement, possible (as he himself later noted) only in that time, and unlikely to be repeated. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Waley Source Accessed Apr 22, 2020])rthur_Waley Source Accessed Apr 22, 2020]))
Peetush, A. + (Ashwani Peetush is Associate Professor of … Ashwani Peetush is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Wilfrid Laurier University in Waterloo, Ontario. His research areas encompass ethics, political philosophy, and Indian philosophy; particular themes of interest include human rights, pluralism,and the metaphysics of the self and consciousness in Advaita Vedānta and Buddhism. His recent publications include ''Human Rights: India and the West'' (edited with Jay Drydyk, OUP, 2015); "Justice, Diversity, and Dialogue: Rawlsian Multiculturalism"in ''Multiculturalism and Religious Identity'', ed. S. Sikka and L. Beaman (McGill-Queens Press, 2014); and "The Ethics of Radical Equality" in ''The Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Indian Ethics'', ed. S. Ranganathan (Bloomsbury, 2017). (Source: [[Ethics without Self, Dharma without Atman]])[Ethics without Self, Dharma without Atman]]))
Keating, M. + (Assistant Professor Malcolm Keating’s rese … Assistant Professor Malcolm Keating’s research focuses on Indian philosophy, primarily Mīmāṃsā and Nyāya, with a secondary focus on their Buddhist interlocutors. He is concerned with philosophy of language and related topics such as epistemology and argumentation. His work inquires into questions such as how hearers interpret non-literal speech acts, what the boundary is between what is said and what is meant, how and whether we can know that we know, and what the role of pragmatics is in argumentation. He seeks to cross cultural and disciplinary boundaries by engaging across Indian and modern analytic Anglophone philosophy and by enlarging the scope of attention within Indian philosophy to include texts characterised as part of the “aesthetic” or Alaṃkāra tradition. ([https://www.yale-nus.edu.sg/about/faculty/malcolm-keating/ Source Accessed Oct 27, 2021])lm-keating/ Source Accessed Oct 27, 2021]))
Snodgrass, J. + (Associate Professor Judith Snodgrass write … Associate Professor Judith Snodgrass writes, researches and teaches in the areas of Buddhism in the West, Buddhism and Asian modernity, Buddhist nationalism, and Western knowledge of Asia. She is the author of ''Presenting Japanese Buddhism to the West: Orientalism, Occidentalism and the Columbian Exposition'' (University of North Carolina Press, 2003). Associate Professor Snodgrass was editor of the internationally refereed professional journal ''Japanese Studies'' (Taylor and Francis) from 1997 through 2011. In 1991, Judith was a founding member of TAASA (The Asian Art Society of Australia) and was an active member of the Executive for the first decade of its activities. She is currently President of AABS (Australasian Association of Buddhist Studies). In 2012, she chaired the organising committee of the biennial conference of the Asian Studies Association of Australia. ([https://www.westernsydney.edu.au/staff_profiles/uws_profiles/associate_professor_judith_snodgrass Source Accessed June 16, 2020])_snodgrass Source Accessed June 16, 2020]))
Bielefeldt, C. + (Associate professor in the Department of R … Associate professor in the Department of Religious Studies at Stanford University. He is a specialist on early Japanese Zen whose major work to date is Dōgen's Manuals of Zen Meditation, which was corecipient of the 1990 Hiromi Arisawa Memorial Award from the Association of American University Presses with the Japan Foundation.versity Presses with the Japan Foundation.)
Hoernle, A. + (Augustus Frederic Rudolf Hoernlé (1841–191 … Augustus Frederic Rudolf Hoernlé (1841–1918), also referred to as Rudolf Hoernle or A. F. Rudolf Hoernle, was an Indologist and philologist. He is famous for his studies on the Bower Manuscript (1891), Weber Manuscript (1893) and other discoveries in northwestern China and Central Asia particularly in collaboration with Aurel Stein. Born in India to a Protestant missionary family from Germany, he completed his education in Switzerland, and studied Sanskrit in the United Kingdom. He returned to India, taught at leading universities there, and in the early 1890s published a series of seminal papers on ancient manuscripts, writing scripts, and cultural exchange between India, China, and Central Asia. His collection after 1895 became a victim of forgery by Islam Akhun and colleagues in Central Asia, a forgery revealed to him in 1899. He retired and settled in Oxford in 1899. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hoernl%C3%A9 Source Accessed December 5, 2019])l%C3%A9 Source Accessed December 5, 2019]))
Townsend, D. + (BA, Barnard College; MTS, Harvard Divinity … BA, Barnard College; MTS, Harvard Divinity School; MPhil, PhD, Columbia University. Teaching and research interests include Asian religions, Tibetan Buddhism, Buddhism and culture, Buddhist art and aesthetics, poetry in Buddhist literature, gender and sexuality in Buddhism, Tibetan language and literature, tantric traditions, and contemporary Buddhist practice. She previously taught at Columbia University and Barnard College, where her courses ranged from Asian humanities and topics in East Asian civilization to women Buddhist visionaries in Tibet and East Asia. She also served as assistant director of interpretation at the Rubin Museum of Art in New York City. Fellowships and awards include de Bary Postdoctoral Research Fellowship, Whiting Foundation Dissertation Completion Fellowship, Columbia University Teaching and Research Fellowship, Fulbright-Hays Doctoral Research Fellowship (not completed due to unrest in Tibetan areas of People’s Republic of China), and Spalding Trust Grant for research at Dolma Ling Nunnery and Institute for Buddhist Dialectics, Dharamsala, India, among others. Publications include "Buddhism’s Worldly Other: Secular Subjects in Tibetan Buddhist Learning," in ''Himalaya: The Journal for the Association of Nepal and Himalayan Studies'' (forthcoming), and ''Shantideva: How To Wake Up a Hero'', an introduction to Buddhism for children and families. Language competency in classical and modern Tibetan and Nepali. At Bard since 2016.rn Tibetan and Nepali. At Bard since 2016.)
Wangyal, B. + (BERI JIGME WANGYAL received his Geshe degree in Buddhist philosophy from Drepung Monastery in India in 2004. He is the author of several books on various subjects ranging from poetry to biography and history.)
Baoyun + (Baoyun 寶雲 (376?–449) was from Liangzhou. H … Baoyun 寶雲 (376?–449) was from Liangzhou. He traveled to Central Asia, Khotan (Hotan), and India around 397. There he met Faxian and other Chinese pilgrims. In India he studied languages, then returned to Chang’an and became a follower of Buddhabhadra (359–429). Buddhabhadra was in Chang’an from 406–408. Baoyun then followed Buddhabhadra south to Mount Lu, and ultimately to Jiankang (Nanjing). His good friend Huiguan accompanied Baoyun throughout the entire journey. All three men stayed at Daochang Temple in Jiankang. Baoyun later moved to Liuheshan Temple, outside of Jiankang. It was at these two temples that he made his translations [of the ''Buddhacarita''], reading the Indian text and translating orally. In this way the ''Buddhacarita'' was rendered in 421 C.E. (Yongchu 2 of the Liu Song), at Liuheshan Temple. (Willemen, ''Buddhacarita: In Praise of Buddha's Acts'', translator's introduction, xiv–xv). In addition to the ''Buddhacarita'' Baoyun is recorded as having assisted in the translation of several sūtras, including the ''Akṣayamatinirdeśasūtra'' and the ''Sāgaramatiparipṛcchāsūtra''.a'' and the ''Sāgaramatiparipṛcchāsūtra''.)
Clayton, B. + (Barbra Clayton is an Associate Professor o … Barbra Clayton is an Associate Professor of Religious Studies at Mount Allison University, a liberal arts institution located in the heart of maritime Canada. She is the author of ''Moral Theory in Śāntideva's Śikṣāsamuccaya'', the article on Buddhist Ethics in the ''Oxford Handbook of World Philosophy'', and several articles on Mahāyāna morality. Her recent work focuses on the ethics of environmentalism in the Shambhala Buddhist community, as well as on Buddhist monasticism at Gampo Abbey in Canada. She is the co-editor with Dan Cozort of the ''Journal of Buddhist Ethics'', though is currently taking an extended sabbatical from this role . . . ([https://www.cardus.ca/contributors/bclayton/ Source Accessed Jan 19, 2021])s/bclayton/ Source Accessed Jan 19, 2021]))
Ba ri lo tsA ba + (Bari Lotsawa, also known as Rinchen Drak, … Bari Lotsawa, also known as Rinchen Drak, was the second throne holder of Sakya school (Tib. Sakya Trizin). At the age of 63, he retained the seat of Sakya for a period of eight years (1102-1110). He is one of the main lineage figures in the transmission and translation of the White Tara practice and tantras that originate from the Indian master Vagishvarakirti. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Bari_Lotsawa Rigpa Wiki])/index.php?title=Bari_Lotsawa Rigpa Wiki]))
Suzuki, B. + (Beatrice Lane Suzuki was the American wife … Beatrice Lane Suzuki was the American wife of D. T. Suzuki, the well-known philosopher, Buddhist scholar, and Zen popularizer in the West. Her name is familiar to few Theosophists, yet she played an important role in Japanese Theosophy. ([https://www.theosophical.org/publications/quest-magazine/1254-beatrice-lane-suzuki-an-american-theosophist-in-japan Source Accessed Sep 14, 2021])st-in-japan Source Accessed Sep 14, 2021]))
Connelly, B. + (Ben Connelly is a Soto Zen teacher and dha … Ben Connelly is a Soto Zen teacher and dharma heir in the Katagiri lineage based at Minnesota Zen Meditation Center. He also provides secular mindfulness training in a variety of contexts including police training, half-way houses, and correctional facilities, and is a professional musician. He lives in Minneapolis, Minnesota. (Source: Amazon Author Page)Learn more at the [https://www.mnzencenter.org/teachers.html Minnesota Zen Meditation Center website].Watch a video of Ben talking about his book ''Vasubandhu’s Three Natures'': https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBK5k17eYDwttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBK5k17eYDw)
Ewing, B. + (Ben Ewing is a member of the Dharmachakra Translation Committee and the Subashita Translation Group. He completed an MA thesis from Rangjung Yeshe Institute entitled "The Saraha of Tibet: How Mgur Shaped the Legacy of Lingchen Repa, Tibetan Siddha.")
Bogin, B. + (Benjamin Bogin is an Associate Professor o … Benjamin Bogin is an Associate Professor of Asian Studies at Skidmore College. He received his M.A. and Ph.D. (Buddhist Studies) from the University of Michigan and spent six years living in Kathmandu, Nepal where he directed study-abroad programs in the Himalayas for American students. His primary research interests are Tibetan Buddhist autobiography and the intersections of visual art, narrative, and sacred geography in Buddhist cultures. He lives in Ballston Spa, NY.st cultures. He lives in Ballston Spa, NY.)
Collet-Cassart, B. + (Benjamin is a Belgian national who holds B … Benjamin is a Belgian national who holds BA and MA degrees in Buddhist Studies with Himalayan Language from Kathmandu University. He has been teaching classical Tibetan at RYI since 2008 and has both managed and taught on several Summer Intensive programs. His research interests include Mahayana Buddhist philosophy, Indian and Tibetan teachings on Buddha nature, and Vajrayana practices. ([https://www.ryi.org/faculty/benjamin-collet-cassart Source Accessed June 2, 2021])let-cassart Source Accessed June 2, 2021]))
Faure, B. + (Bernard Faure, Kao Professor in Japanese R … Bernard Faure, Kao Professor in Japanese Religion, received his Ph.D. (Doctorat d’Etat) from Paris University (1984). He is interested in various aspects of East Asian Buddhism, with an emphasis on Chan/Zen and Tantric or esoteric Buddhism. His work, influenced by anthropological history and cultural theory, has focused on topics such as the construction of orthodoxy and heterodoxy, the Buddhist cult of relics, iconography, sexuality and gender. His current research deals with the mythico-ritual system of esoteric Buddhism and its relationships with medieval Japanese religion. He has published a number of books in French and English. His English publications include: ''The Rhetoric of Immediacy: A Cultural Critique of Chan/Zen Buddhism'' (Princeton 1991), ''Chan Insights and Oversights: An Epistemological Critique of the Chan Tradition'' (Princeton 1993), ''Visions of Power: Imagining Medieval Japanese Buddhism'' (Princeton 1996), ''The Red Thread: Buddhist Approaches to Sexuality'' (Princeton 1998), ''The Power of Denial: Buddhism, Purity, and Gender'' (Princeton 2003), and ''Double Exposure'' (Stanford 2004). ([https://religion.columbia.edu/content/bernard-r-faure Source Accessed Jun 10, 2019]).He recently completed a two-volume work on Japanese Gods and Demons: ''The Fluid Pantheon: Medieval Japanese Gods, Volume I'' and ''Protectors and Predators: Medieval Japanese Gods, Volume 2'' (Both volumes by University of Hawai'i Press, 2015).mes by University of Hawai'i Press, 2015).)
Kakas, B. + (Beáta is both an indologist and orientalis … Beáta is both an indologist and orientalist. Her research area is Tibetan Buddhism. Her writings are for both popular and professional audiences. Recently she has done interpreting and teaching in Tibetan and Sanskrit languages. She is also keen on translating Tibetan texts, interested in all things related to Tibetan and Indian culture, lifestyle and Himalayan people. Beáta lived in India for a year, and she returns there from time to time, visiting places such as cedar woods and wonderful mountain villages . . . ([http://viewriter.hu/whohelped.html Adapted from Source Mar 23, 2022])ed.html Adapted from Source Mar 23, 2022]))
Anālayo + (Bhikkhu Anālayo was born in Germany in 196 … Bhikkhu Anālayo was born in Germany in 1962 and ordained in Sri Lanka in 1995. In the year 2000 he completed a Ph.D. thesis on the ''Satipatthana-sutta'' at the University of Peradeniya (published by Windhorse in the UK). In the year 2007 he completed a habilitation research at the University of Marburg, in which he compared the ''Majjhima-nikaya'' discourses with their Chinese, Sanskrit, and Tibetan counterparts. At present, he is a member of the Numata Center for Buddhist Studies, University of Hamburg, as a professor, and works as a researcher at Dharma Drum Institue of Liberal Arts, Taiwan. Besides his academic activities, he regularly teaches meditation. ([https://www.buddhismuskunde.uni-hamburg.de/en/personen/analayo.html Source Accessed Nov 22, 2019])* For a substantial list of Bhikkhu Anālayo's publications, visit his faculty page at the [https://www.buddhismuskunde.uni-hamburg.de/en/personen/analayo.html University of Hamburg]rsonen/analayo.html University of Hamburg])
Pāsādika, B. + (Bhikkhu Pāsādika (secular name: Eckhard Ba … Bhikkhu Pāsādika (secular name: Eckhard Bangert), born August 17, 1939 at Bad Arolsen in Hesse, is a German indologist and a Buddhist monk. His Dharma, or religious name, Pāsādika is a Pali word meaning "amiable". He entered the Buddhist order of the Theravāda tradition in Thailand in 1960. He has been a member of the Buddhist Research Institute Linh-Son at Joinville-le-Pont (Paris) since 1978. [Bhikkhu Pāsādika ] speaks German, English, French and Thai, and studied Sanskrit, Pāli, Hindi, Chinese, Tibetan and Japanese. He received his academic education in India (Nālandā Pāli Institute in the early 1960s (M.A. from Magadh University in 1964), Punjabi University Patiala in the early 1970s (Ph.D. from Punjabi University in 1974)). From 1975-77 he was reader at Punjabi University Patiala, teaching Pāli and German. He edited the quarterly ''Linh-Són - publication d'études bouddhologiques'' at Joinville-le-Pont from 1978-82. Then, until 1993, he participated in the project ''Sanskrit Dictionary of the Buddhist Texts from the Turfan Finds'' of the Commission of Buddhist Studies, Academy of Sciences, Göttingen. From 1995-2007 he was hon. professor, Dept. of Indology and Tibetology of Philipp's University Marburg, teaching Pāli, Sanskrit, classical Tibetan and Buddhist Chinese. Additionally, he was in charge of the chair of Indology at Würzburg University (1996-2000). He also was visiting professor at Ruhr University Bochum (2000, 2002). He has been specializing in early Mahāyāna literature and Śrāvakayānist Nikāya-Āgama comparative studies. In October 2016, he became President of the Linh Son Buddhist Academy in Vitry-sur-Seine, France. Since October 2019 he lives permanently at this academy. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhikkhu_P%C4%81s%C4%81dika Adapted from Source Mar 2, 2021])/wiki/Bhikkhu_P%C4%81s%C4%81dika Adapted from Source Mar 2, 2021]))
Tri Hai, Bhikkhunī + (Bhikkhuni Tri Hai (Tam Hy), one of Su Ba's … Bhikkhuni Tri Hai (Tam Hy), one of Su Ba's outstanding disciples, was born Nguyen Phuoc Cong Tang Ton Nu Phung Khanh in Hue on March 9, 1938, to an aristocratic family of devout Buddhists who were descendants of the Minh Mang emperor (reigned 1820-40). Phung Khanh excelled in her studies. After she graduated from high school at the age of seventeen, she wanted to renounce the household life, but first she became a high school teacher in Da Nang. After that, she went to the United States where, from 1962 to 1963, she took graduate courses in the English Department at Indiana University, Bloomington. After completing her studies in late 1963, she returned to Vietnam. In 1964, she finally renounced the household life and became a nun under Bhikkhunī Dieu Khong at Hong An Temple in Hue. As a novice nun, she was chosen to become an assistant to Bhikkhu Minh Chau at Van Hanh University, the first Buddhist university in Vietnam. In 1968, she took the ''sikkhamana'' precepts in Nha Trang. She was selected to be the librarian at Van Hanh University and the manager of the School of Youth for Social Service. In 1970, she became fully ordained in Da Nang and was given the monastic name Tri Hai. At Van Hanh University, she lectured to both monastics and laypeople, translated, and also undertook many charitable activities. For example, the humanitarian organization Oxfam asked her to head the Vietnam Oxfam Association, which she directed from 1965 to 1975. She also taught Levels III to V of the Majjhima Nikāya in English at the Vietnam Buddhist Academy and Van Hanh Temple. When in Hue, Bhikkhunī Tri Hai lectured on the ''Canh Sach'' (Guishan's Admonitions) at Dieu Hy and Hong An Temples. During ''vassa'' each year, she was invited to lecture at Phuoc Hoa Temple in Hoc Mon and Dai Giac Temple in Soc Trang. From 1996 to 1999, she taught the ''bhikkhunī vinaya'' and the ''bodhisattva'' precepts at the Intermediate Buddhist School (Thien Phuoc Temple) in Long An Province. At the ordination ceremonies at Thien Phuoc Temple in Long An, she was invited to lecture on the ''bhikkhunī vinaya'', where she gave the examinations and was head of the exam group. In 2003, she was the vice-master at the ordination ceremony at Tu Nghiem Temple. At the time of her death, she was the director of finances and vice president of the Vietnam Buddhist University in Ho Chi Minh City. Bhikkhunī Tri Hai was a Dharma master, teacher, translator, poet, editor, and publisher. She knew English, French, Chinese, Pali, and some German. She has more than one hundred published works, including introductory works for Buddhist students, a Pali-English-Vietnamese dictionary, works introducing Tibetan Buddhism, and works on contemporary philosophers such as Gandhi, Krishnamurti, Tagore, and Erich Fromm. For decades, she was involved in charitable works throughout Vietnam. Tragically, on December 7, 2003, while returning from a charitable mission in Phan Thiet Province, she and two other nuns (Sa Di Phuoc Tinh and Bhikkhunī Tue Nha) were killed in a traffic accident. Bhikkhunī Tri Hai was sixty-six years old and had been a nun for thirty-three years.At the memorial service and afterward, letters, poems, and couplets of praise and remembrance poured in from all over Vietnam and around the world for Bhikkhunī Tri Hai, an eminent nun of Vietnam and a beacon of wisdom and compassion. She is buried at Dieu Khong Temple in Hoc Mon District, outside Ho Chi Minh City. The Dieu Khong Temple that she built in 2003 is now home to six nuns. Two of them, Bhikkhunīs Tue Dung and Tue Nguyen, are currently building a new temple complex and continue Tri Hai's charitable activities: visiting hospitalized cancer patients during the Lunar New Year to give donations ("red envelopes") and giving aid to the elderly, sick, handicapped, and orphaned. Bhikkhunī Tue Dung became a nun in 1980 after hearing Tri Hai speak in 1979 on the ''Diamond Sutra''. She has completed some translations from English and French into Vietnamese. Each year on the death anniversary of Tri Hai, Tue Dung publishes a manuscript or republishes a work by Tri Hai, for example, the Majjhima Nikāya, translated from Pāli by Thich Minh Chau, abridged and annotated by Tri Hai. (Elise Anne DeVido, "Eminent Nuns in Hue, Vietnam," in ''Eminent Buddhist Women'', edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo, 77–78)en'', edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo, 77–78))
Dharmamitra, Bhikshu + (Bhikshu Dharmamitra (ordination name "Heng … Bhikshu Dharmamitra (ordination name "Heng Shou" - 釋恆授) is a Chinese-tradition translator-monk and one of the earliest American disciples (since 1968) of the late Guiyang Ch'an patriarch, Dharma teacher, and pioneer of Buddhism in the West, the Venerable Master Hsuan Hua (宣化上人). He has a total of 34 years in robes during two periods as a monastic (1969‒1975 & 1991 to the present). Dharmamitra's principal educational foundations as a translator of Sino-Buddhist Classical Chinese lie in four years of intensive monastic training and Chinese-language study of classic Mahāyāna texts in a small-group setting under Master Hsuan Hua (1968-1972), undergraduate Chinese language study at Portland State University, a year of intensive one-on-one Classical Chinese study at the Fu Jen University Language Center near Taipei, two years of course work at the University of Washington's Department of Asian Languages and Literature (1988-90), and an additional three years of auditing graduate courses and seminars in Classical Chinese readings, again at UW's Department of Asian Languages and Literature. Since taking robes again under Master Hua in 1991, Dharmamitra has devoted his energies primarily to study and translation of classic Mahāyāna texts with a special interest in works by rya Nāgārjuna and related authors. To date, he has translated more than fifteen important texts comprising approximately 150 fascicles, including most recently the 80-fascicle Avataṃsaka Sūtra (the "Flower Adornment Sutra"), Nāgārjuna's 17-fascicle Daśabhūmika Vibhāṣā ("Treatise on the Ten Grounds"), and the Daśabhūmika Sūtra (the "Ten Grounds Sutra") . . . ([https://www.alibris.com/search/books/author/Bhikshu-Dharmamitra# Source Accessed July 15, 2021])u-Dharmamitra# Source Accessed July 15, 2021]))
Lai, T. + (Bhiksu Thich Tri Lai is a monk and lecturer at the Linh-Son World Buddhist Congregation.)
Dge slong ma dpal mo + (Bhikṣuṇī Lakṣmī, or Gelongma Palmo as she … Bhikṣuṇī Lakṣmī, or Gelongma Palmo as she is known in the Tibetan world, was the originator of the practice of nyungne (''smyung gnas''). While some Tibetan sources identify her as a princess of Oḍḍiyana who later became a nun, the Adinath temple in the small hilltop village of Chobhar on the outskirts of Kathmandu is believed to have been either her family home or the original site in which she engaged in this practice. Based on the thousand-armed form of the deity Avalokiteśvara, nyungne involves a typically three day cycle of practice that combines long periods of prostrations with intermittent fasting and the strict observance of vows. The practice was developed by Bhikṣuṇī Lakṣmī and through it she is reported to have cured herself of leprosy. The practice continues to be popular among Himalayan Buddhists, especially among older lay people for whom it is often an annual event that they practice collectively in groups. It is also traditional to repeat the three day cycle eight times in a row. the three day cycle eight times in a row.)
Red Pine + (Bill Porter (born October 3, 1943) is an A … Bill Porter (born October 3, 1943) is an American author and translator of Chinese and Sanskrit works who writes under the name Red Pine (Chi Song). [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Porter_(author) Source]*2018: Porter, 74, a translator of Chinese poetry and author, has been awarded the American Academy of Arts & Letters Thornton Wilder Prize for translation. He writes under the name Red Pine (Chi Song) and has lived in Port Townsend since the late 1980s. ([https://www.peninsuladailynews.com/news/port-townsend-translator-of-chinese-poets-wins-national-prize/ Source Accessed May 8, 2020])-national-prize/ Source Accessed May 8, 2020]))
Matilal, B. + (Bimal Krishna Matilal was an eminent India … Bimal Krishna Matilal was an eminent Indian philosopher whose writings presented the Indian philosophical tradition as a comprehensive system of logic incorporating most issues addressed by themes in Western philosophy. From 1977 to 1991 he was the Spalding Professor of Eastern Religion and Ethics at the University of Oxford. He was also the founding editor of the Journal of Indian Philosophy.([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimal_Krishna_Matilal Source Accessed July 3, 2020])hna_Matilal Source Accessed July 3, 2020]))
Little, H. + (Binks devoted much of his life to the stud … Binks devoted much of his life to the study and teaching of religion. Before coming to Williams, he taught religion at Wilson College in Chambersburg, Pa., and served as a teaching assistant at Harvard, where he earned his Ph.D.At Williams, he contributed greatly to the life of the college, both inside and outside the classroom. In the 20 years during which he chaired the Department of Religion, starting in 1967, rapid growth of departmental enrollments, followed by new faculty appointments, set the stage for the development of an exciting and rigorous introductory religion course that was both highly popular at Williams and emulated nationally.An intellectual who cared deeply about his students, Binks was intensely curious about developments in the full range of liberal arts disciplines. “Almost immediately following his faculty appointment in the Department of Religion, it became apparent that Binks Little had the potential to become a significant leader in his department and in the college generally,” says John Chandler, Williams president, emeritus, who served as dean of the faculty and religion department chair when Binks joined Williams.Binks was also the first-ever chair of the Committee of Undergraduate Life when it was conceived in the late 1960s. Under his leadership, the committee recommended and the college implemented major revisions of protocols governing residential life. He also paved the way for student membership on standing committees that, up until then, were strictly composed of faculty. “Binks had a great memory for students and a complete devotion to them,” says Mark C. Taylor, Cluett Professor of Humanities, emeritus.Binks became a full professor in 1974. That year he was appointed the managing editor of the American Academy of Religion Dissertation Series, a publishing venture organized to make outstanding doctoral research in the study of religion readily available to the wider scholarly community.Shortly before he retired from Williams, Binks participated for two years in an experimental faculty development program, mentoring second-year faculty across the academic divisions and coordinating and directing periodic seminars and conferences that addressed the myriad challenges faced by new faculty members.Born in St. Louis, Mo., in 1932, Binks grew up in Columbus, Ohio, and Pasadena, Calif., and attended Deerfield Academy. He graduated from Princeton University in 1954 and earned a B.D. from Princeton Theological Seminary in 1957, having spent the 1954-55 academic year at the University of Edinburgh. He earned a Ph.D. from Harvard in 1965. ([https://president.williams.edu/writings-and-remarks/articles-2/the-passing-of-professor-h-ganse-binks-little/ Source Accessed Apr 21, 2022])nks-little/ Source Accessed Apr 21, 2022]))
Kellner, B. + (Birgit Kellner is an Austrian Buddhologist … Birgit Kellner is an Austrian Buddhologist and Tibetologist. She studied Buddhology and Tibetology at University of Vienna, where she received a master's degree in 1994 under the supervision of Ernst Steinkellner, and at the Hiroshima University, where she earned her doctorate in 1999 under the supervision of Katsura Shōryū.After a series of research projects, including as a Humboldt Fellow at the University of Hamburg, as well as a Visiting Professor at the University of California at Berkeley, she joined the University of Heidelberg in 2010 as Professor of Buddhist Studies within the Cluster of Excellence "Asia and Europe in a Global Context". In 2015, she returned to Austria to serve as the Director of the Institute for Cultural and Intellectual History of Asia in Vienna, part of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birgit_Kellner Source Accessed Nov 15 2019])rgit_Kellner Source Accessed Nov 15 2019]))
Phuntsok, Tulku Orgyen + (Birth and Recognition: Tulku Orgyen Phun … Birth and Recognition: Tulku Orgyen Phuntsok was born in Pemakö, in northeastern India, as the son of Lama Rigdzin Phuntsok. He was recognized at a young age by Dudjom Rinpoche as the reincarnation of Togden Kunzang Longrol, his father’s root guru. Togden Kunzang Longrol was a great Dzogchen yogi from the Powo region who had been a main disciple of Dudjom Rinpoche, and who had been influential in spreading the dharma and the Dudjom Tersar lineage both in Tibet and in upper and lower Pemakö.Training: Tulku Orgyen Phuntsok spent his early years in retreat in Pemakö, at his own monastery, under the blessings of his first root teacher, the great master Tulku Dawa Rinpoche. Tulku Orgyen Phuntsok underwent vigorous training in multiple fields of study, including various ritual sadhana performances from different terma lineages, with an emphasis on the Dudjom Tersar lineage, all under the care of his previous incarnation’s disciples, including his father Lama Rigzin Phuntsok.At the age of 15, Tulku Orgyen commenced advanced studies in southern India at Namdroling Monastery, the largest Nyingma monastery in India, established by Penor Rinpoche. There, Tulku Orgyen completed a nine-year-long program of study, obtaining the degree of Khenpo. While appointed to a teaching position for the duration of his final three years at the monastery, he taught various Buddhist philosophies to monks. Over the course of his nine years of study, he also received empowerments and transmissions from many masters of the Nyingma lineage such as Bhakha Tulku Rinpoche, Lama Rigdzin Phuntsok, Penor Rinpoche, and Tulku Dawa Rinpoche.Upon completion of his studies at Namdroling monastery, Tulku Orgyen Phuntsok returned to his retreat land in Pemakö, where he engaged in solitary retreat and completed the requisite practices to become a qualified Vajra master in this lineage.Activity:Since late 1999, Tulku Orgyen Phuntsok has assisted his uncle and teacher, Bhakha Tulku Rinpoche, by giving teachings, leading practices and retreats, and undertaking various other Dharma activities at Vairotsana Foundation Centers in California and New Mexico and in various cities in North America and Asia. In order to gain a western education and perspective, Tulku Orgyen studied and guest lectured at the University of California, Santa Barbara.Currently, Tulku Orgyen Phuntsok splits his time between North America and Asia, spending winters in Pemakö where he oversees reconstruction of the temple. he oversees reconstruction of the temple.)
Miller, Robert J. + (Bob received his B.A. from the University … Bob received his B.A. from the University of Michigan and his Ph.D. from the University of Washington at Seattle.His regional area of focus at that time was Inner Mongolia. Bob and Bea [his wife] conducted fieldwork in Darjeeling District inWest Bengal, where they gathered information from Tibetan refugees and developed a life-long sympathy for Tibet. Bobtaught for three years in the University of Washington at Seattle before joining the Anthropology Department in theUniversity of Wisconsin in 1959. At that time, Wisconsin's Department of Indian Studies was still taking shape. Afaculty committee interested in India had succeeded in gaining approval for the Department, but the scope of the fledglingDepartment was far from clear. During 1960-61 interested faculty, including Bob Miller, held a Weekend Retreat wherethey discussed basic curriculum, faculty to be recruited, and new courses to be introduced for the Department of IndianStudies. . . . Bob's publications include numerous articles in encyclopedias and journals. His books and monographs include ''A Regional Handbook on the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region'', edited by Helmut Wilhelm (New Haven, 1956), to which he contributed three chapters and co-authored four others; ''Monasteries and Culture Change in Inner Mongolia'' (Weisbaden, 1959, Gottinger Asiatische Forschungen, Band Il), and ''Religious Ferment in Asia'' (Lawrence, 1974) that he edited and to which he contributed editorial comments. In the 1970s Bob's interests began to focus on the cultural anthropology of siliconage technological change. His articles appeared in new journals such as ''Futurics'' and ''AnthroTech'', and in 1983 he edited and contributed to ''Robotics: Future Factories, Future Workers'' (''Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences'', Vol. 470). . . . ([https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1485&context=himalaya Source Accessed Sep 13, 2021])ontext=himalaya Source Accessed Sep 13, 2021]))
Bo dong sangs rgyas mgon po + (Bodong Sangye Gönpo was a Tibetan yogi ade … Bodong Sangye Gönpo was a Tibetan yogi adept in the practice of Siṃhamukhā. Though he initially practiced the teaching cycle of this deity associated with Bari Lotsāwa, through his practice he was able to encounter Siṃhamukhā and received empowerment for her practice from Guru Rinpoche. This became the basis for the Siṃhamukhā cycle known as the Bodong Tradition of the Aural Lineage of the Profound Secret of the Lion Faced [Ḍākinī] (''bo dong lugs zab gsang seng gdong snyan brgyud).g lugs zab gsang seng gdong snyan brgyud).)
Bokar Rinpoche + (Bokar Tulku Rinpoche (1940 – 17 August 200 … Bokar Tulku Rinpoche (1940 – 17 August 2004) was heart-son of the Second Kalu Rinpoche and a holder of the Karma Kagyü and Shangpa Kagyü lineages.Bokar Rinpoche was born in western Tíbet not far from Mount Kailash, in 1940 (Iron Dragon year) to a family of nomadic herders. When Rinpoche was four years old, His Holiness the 16th Karmapa recognized him as the reincarnation of the previous Bokar Tulku, Karma Sherab Ösel.Bokar Rinpoche was trained at the monastery founded by the previous Bokar incarnation. He continued his studies at Tsurphu Monastery in central Tibet, main seat of the Karmapas. While still a teenager, he assumed full responsibilities for the Bokar monastic community. Then, due to the Communist oppression in Tibet, Bokar Rinpoche fled into exile at the age of 20. In India, he became a close disciple of Dorje Chang Kalu Rinpoche.Under Kalu Rinpoche's guidance in Sonada, Bokar Rinpoche twice completed the traditional three-year retreat. During the first one, he followed the practices of the Shangpa Kagyu; the second was based on the practices of the Karma Kagyu.In Mirik, India, Bokar Rinpoche founded a retreat center that is an important centre for Kalachakra practice, now called Bokar Ngedhon Choekhor Ling. Brief bio available at [http://www.bokarmonastery.org/mod/data/index.php?REQUEST_ID=cGFnZT1iaW9ncmFwaHktQm9rYXI= bokarmonastery.org]Also see [http://www.bokarmonastery.org/mod/data/index.php?REQUEST_ID=cGFnZT1wdWJsaWNhdGlvbnM= Bokar Publications]FnZT1wdWJsaWNhdGlvbnM= Bokar Publications])
Sharma, T. + (Born 1937, Dr. T. R. Sharma retired as a R … Born 1937, Dr. T. R. Sharma retired as a Reader in Sanskrit from SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, after teaching for 41 years. He was actively associated with PG teaching as well as research activities of the Department of Sanskrit and Buddhist Studies. More than a dozen scholars have obtained [their] Ph.D. under his supervision. He has visited a number of countries to present research papers in international conferences. He was a visiting professor in National Taiwan University, Taipei, in 1993-94, teaching Indian culture and civilization, Upanishads and Buddhist philosophy. He has ten books concerning Buddhism and Indology in general to his credit, two of which have been awarded by the Uttar Pradesh Hindi Sansthan and Uttar Pradesh Sanskrit Sansthan. He has also been honoured by the Sanskrit Academy, Delhi, for his contribution to Sanskrit studies. ([https://www.amazon.in/Some-Facets-Buddhism-T-Sharma/dp/8178541157 Source Accessed Apr 6, 2021])p/8178541157 Source Accessed Apr 6, 2021]))
Mukherji, A. + (Born in 1902 Professor Amulyadhan Mukherji … Born in 1902 Professor Amulyadhan Mukherji graduated with a first class in English from Presidency College. Calcutta, and took a first class in his M. A. from Calcutta University. In 1930 he was awarded Premchand Roychand studentship and later the Mouat Medal for his pioneering scientific study of Bengali prosody. Professor Mukherji was awarded the Sarojini Basu Gold Medal for 1968 by the Calcutta University for his outstanding contributions to the study of Bengali language and literature. A Professor of English language and literature for more than thirty years, he was on the faculties of the Universities of Calcutta and Jadavpur and is a member of the Asiatic Society, Calcutta. He was selected a senior Research Fellow by the University Grants Commission for 1965-68. Author of more than a dozen research papers of high merit in English on Bengali and Sanskrit prosody and on various topics of English and Bengali literature, Professor Mukherji's important works in Bengali include Bangla Chhander Mulsutra, Kaviguru, Adhunik Sahitya Jijnasa and Rabindranather Manasi. His major English works- 'Sanskrit prosody: Its Evolution', (1976, 2nd Edn 2000)' 'Studies in Rabindranath's Prosody and Bengali-Prose- Verse' (1999). Source: ([https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/sanskrit-prosody-its-evolution-NAK593/ exotic india])/sanskrit-prosody-its-evolution-NAK593/ exotic india]))
Tegchok, Jampa + (Born in 1930, Khensur Jampa Tegchok became … Born in 1930, Khensur Jampa Tegchok became a monk at the age of eight. He studied major Buddhist treatises at Sera Monastic University in Tibet for fourteen years before fleeing his homeland in 1959. The former abbot of the Jé College of Sera Monastic University in India, he was also a beloved teacher at several FPMT centers including the Masters Program at Instituto Lama Tsongkhapa in Italy, Land of Medicine Buddha in California, and Nalanda Monastery in France. (Source: [https://wisdomexperience.org/content-author/khensur-jampa-tegchok/ Wisdom Publications])ensur-jampa-tegchok/ Wisdom Publications]))
Aguilar, O. + (Born in Barcelona in 1965, Oriol Aguilar r … Born in Barcelona in 1965, Oriol Aguilar received his Ph.D in cultural anthrolopogy from the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona in 2005. Focusing on religious studies, particularly the Buddhism of Tibet, he studied Tibetan language in Barcelona and Paris (École Pratique des Hautes Études) and trained in translation with the Shang Shung Institute. He met Chögyal Namkhai Norbu in 1987, and since 1998 has collaborated with Shang Shung Publications as a member of the International Publications Committee (IPC) of the Dzogchen Community on the publication, particularly in the Spanish editions, of the teachings of Chögyal Namkhai Norbu, including translations from Tibetan.[http://www.shangshungpublications.org/oriol-aguilar/]shangshungpublications.org/oriol-aguilar/])
Das, Sarat + (Born in Chittagong, eastern Bengal to a Be … Born in Chittagong, eastern Bengal to a Bengali Hindu Vaidya-Brahmin family, Sarat Chandra Das attended Presidency College, as a student of the University of Calcutta. In 1874 he was appointed headmaster of the Bhutia Boarding School at Darjeeling. In 1878, a Tibetan teacher, Lama Ugyen Gyatso arranged a passport for Sarat Chandra to go the monastery at Tashilhunpo. In June 1879, Das and Ugyen-gyatso left Darjeeling for the first of two journeys to Tibet. They remained in Tibet for six months, returning to Darjeeling with a large collection of Tibetan and Sanskrit texts which would become the basis for his later scholarship. Sarat Chandra spent 1880 in Darjeeling poring over the information he had obtained. In November 1881, Sarat Chandra and Ugyen-gyatso returned to Tibet, where they explored the Yarlung Valley, returning to India in January 1883. Along with Satish Chandra Vidyabhusan, he prepared Tibetan-English dictionary. For a time, he worked as a spy for the British, accompanying Colman Macaulay on his 1884 expedition to Tibet to gather information on the Tibetans, Russians and Chinese. After he left Tibet, the reasons for his visit were discovered and many of the Tibetans who had befriended him suffered severe reprisals. For the latter part of his life, Das settled in Darjeeling. He named his house "Lhasa Villa" and played host to many notable guests including Sir Charles Alfred Bell and Ekai Kawaguchi. Johnson stated that, in 1885 and 1887 Das met with Henry Steel Olcott, co-founder and first President of the Theosophical Society. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarat_Chandra_Das Source Accessed Jan 20, 2021])/wiki/Sarat_Chandra_Das Source Accessed Jan 20, 2021]))
Tomabechi, T. + (Born in Hachinohe, Japan, Tōru Tomabechi ( … Born in Hachinohe, Japan, Tōru Tomabechi (苫米地等流) graduated in Buddhist Studies at the University of Kyoto in 1989. From 1995 to 2000 he was Assistant at the Dept. of Oriental Languages and Cultures, University of Lausanne. From 2001 to 2002 he was Research Fellow at the same Department. He obtained the Imprimatur for his doctoral thesis, Étude du Pañcakrama, from the University of Lausanne in 2006. Tōru Tomabechi worked at the Institute for the Cultural and Intellectual History of Asia (IKGA), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna. He participated in a research project on the epistemological school of Buddhism in India and Tibet. He is also working on two Sanskrit commentaries on the ''Pañcakrama''—the ''Pañcakramapañjikā'' by Samayavajra and the ''Pañcakramatātparyapañjikā Kramakaumudī'' by Abhayākaragupta—using manuscripts newly available from China, and on other tantric texts.Currently he is a member of the International Institute for Digital Humanities, Tokyo. ([https://www.tantric-studies.uni-hamburg.de/people/dr-toru-tomabechi.html Source Accessed Apr 14, 2020])abechi.html Source Accessed Apr 14, 2020]))
Rouse, W. + (Born in India in 1863, Rouse later attende … Born in India in 1863, Rouse later attended the University of Cambridge, studying the Classical Tripos and Sanskrit. A scholar and a classicist, Rouse spent six years as a Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge before becoming a school teacher at Rugby School. There, among other accomplishments, he aided the future author Arthur Ransome in writing until an opportunity to teach and be the headmaster of The Perse School, Cambridge presented itself. Rouse accepted the challenge and led the financially beleaguered institution into stability.As an educator Rouse encouraged students to learn visually, orally, and kinetically. He also emphasized the importance of observation and experimentation in the fields of science. Rouse advocated the Direct Method of teaching Latin and Greek and pioneered summer classes for teachers to learn how to teach this method. Given his background as a classical scholar, Rouse was chosen with two other men to be the founding editors of the Loeb Classical Library. As an author Rouse translated classical works into English such as Homer's ''The Iliad'' and ''The Odyssey'' and Plato's ''Dialogues''. He also published songs in Greek and Latin called "Chanties." Rouse stayed busy translating even through his retirement and passed away in 1950. ([https://www.exodusbooks.com/w-h-d-rouse/1231/ Source Accessed Jan 6, 2022])-rouse/1231/ Source Accessed Jan 6, 2022]))
Shakya, Tsering + (Born in Lhasa, he fled to India with his f … Born in Lhasa, he fled to India with his family after the Chinese invasion. He then won a scholarship to study in Britain, and was later to graduate from London University’s School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) with a B.A. Honours in Social Anthropology and South Asian History. He received his M.Phil. in Tibetan Studies in 2000 and Ph.D. June 2004.Today, Tsering is a world renowned and widely published scholar, on both historic and contemporary Tibet. His most expansive work to date The Dragon in the Land of Snows: A History of Modern Tibet Since 1947 (Pimlico, London 1999) was acclaimed as “the definitive history of modern Tibet” by The New York Times, and “a prodigious work of scholarship” by the UK’s Sunday Telegraph. The book is the first comprehensive account of Tibet’s recent history.Tsering Shakya’s published works include Fire Under the Snow, The Testimony of a Tibetan Prisoner (Harvill Press, 1997), which has sold over 400,000 copies in more than 20 languages. He was also co-editor of the first anthology of modern Tibetan short stories and poems, Song of the Snow Lion, New Writings from Tibet (University of Hawaii, 2000). Seeing Lhasa: British Depictions of the Tibetan Capital 1936-1947, edited by Clare Harris and Tsering Shakya, (Serindia Publications, London, 2003) is a study of the relationship between senior British colonial officers and Tibetan elite as depicted in rare, previously unpublished photographs taken by members of the British Mission in Lhasa. Tsering’s feature articles have been published in numerous international journals and magazines, includingTime and New Left Review. He is currently engaged in a major research project on the shift in use of the Tibetan language, and how contemporary literature is used as a voice of resistance in present-day Tibet...([https://asia.ubc.ca/profile/tsering-shakya/ University of British Columbia. Source Accessed February 7, 2022.])He convened the first International Conference on Modern Tibet Studies in 1990 at School of Oriental and African Studies. He taught at the Centre of Refugee Studies at the University of Oxford. From 1999 to 2002 he was a research fellow in Tibetan Studies at the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London.rican Studies at the University of London.)
Peck-Kubaczek, C. + (Born in Los Angeles, California, Cynthia P … Born in Los Angeles, California, Cynthia Peck-Kubaczek studied music (violoncello) in Los Angeles (University of Southern California) and Vienna (Hochschule für Musik und darstellende Kunst, Wien), whereupon she performed as a professional cellist first in Europe and then for ten years in Japan. She was formerly also the cello instructor for the Vienna Boys' Choir.She has taken care of the Institute's administration since 2000. Moreover, due to her knowledge of English, German and Japanese she also undertakes much of the editing and copy-editing of the Institute's publications.([https://www.oeaw.ac.at/en/ikga/team/administration/peck-kubaczek-cynthia/ Source Accessed Jan 11, 2021])ek-cynthia/ Source Accessed Jan 11, 2021]))
Blumenthal, J. + (Born in Los Angeles, Jim grew up in Southe … Born in Los Angeles, Jim grew up in Southern California. He completed his undergraduate degree at the University of San Diego and continued to the University of Wisconsin, Madison, where he finished his MA and PhD under the direction of the Tibetan Buddhist scholar/practitioner Geshe Lhundub Sopa. His graduate studies focused on the work of the Indian teacher Śāntarakṣita.Both in his career as Associate Professor in the School of History, Philosophy and Religion at Oregon State University and as Professor of Buddhist Studies at Maitripa College, Jim displayed the rare combination of deep commitment to teaching and rigorous engagement as a research scholar. Even more unusually, Jim was able to produce scholarly texts that were valued equally by the academy and by Buddhist communities. He published analytical and translation works on Indian Mahāyāna Buddhism based upon this research, including The Ornament of The Middle Way: A Study of the Madhyamaka Thought of Śāntarakṣita (2004) and Sixty Stanzas of Reasoning (2004). With Geshe Sopa, he completed a translation of the 4th Chapter of the ''Lamrim Chenmo'', and was pursuing the publication of a translation of Śāntarakṣita’s ''Madhyamakālaṃkāravṛtti''.Jim was a strong advocate for institutions of higher education that strive to integrate the knowledge base of Buddhist philosophy with meditative practice and service to the community. In 2004, Jim invited Yangsi Rinpoche to Portland, Oregon to speak to interested persons. In 2005, Jim began working alongside Yangsi Rinpoche, Namdrol Adams, and Angie Garcia on the founding of Maitripa Institute, soon to become Maitripa College, which seeks to embody those ideals. . . .His main teachers were His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Geshe Lhundub Sopa Rinpoche, Jangtse Choje Rinpoche, Choden Rinpoche, Lama Zopa Rinpoche, Yangsi Rinpoche, and Chokyi Nyima Rinpoche. ([https://maitripa.org/jim-blumenthal/ Source adapted from an obituary written by Namdrol Miranda Adams, Damcho Diana Finnegan, and Jim's wife, Tiffany)] Diana Finnegan, and Jim's wife, Tiffany)])
Murillo, A. + (Born in Mexico City in 1961, Alan Murillo … Born in Mexico City in 1961, Alan Murillo studied as a professional translator at the Higher Institute of Interpreters and Translators in Mexico City and has dedicated himself for 25 years to the translation of legal, financial and technical documents.As part of the Casa Tíbet translation team, he has translated several books on Buddhism into Spanish: ''Buddhism with an Attitude'' by Alan Wallace; ''Iridescent Splendor: The Memoirs of Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche''; and ''Geshe Lhundup Söpa's Autobiography'' , as well as numerous texts and teachings for Casa Tíbet México.A student of Casa Tíbet since 1998, he is part of the group of instructors under the guidance and instruction of his main teacher, Marco Antonio Karam, founder and director of Casa Tíbet México.As a student of said institution, he has received teachings on the theory and practice of Buddhist teachings, fundamentally the study and analysis of consciousness and the cultivation of human potential based on transcendental values, in order to develop a more meaningful life for the benefit of other beings and oneself.During this time he has attended short retreats, seminars and teachings of great masters of the Tibetan Buddhist tradition, such as Geshe Sopa, Geshe Thabke, Khenpo Pema Wangdak, Alan Wallace, Matthieu Ricard, Dr. Jeffrey Hopkins, Khandro Rinpoché, Marcia Dechen Wangmo, among others.From 2008 to 2012 he was part of the editorial project at the Autonomous University of Mexico City (UACM) as a translator in the Department of Educational Innovation and Critical Thinking, translating four books on these topics.He currently coordinates the Editorial Committee of Casa Tíbet México and is the editorial director of the quarterly human development magazine 84 Thousand - Words that wake up. ([https://casatibet.org.mx/2016/09/05/alan-murillo/ Adapted from Source Apr 6, 2021])murillo/ Adapted from Source Apr 6, 2021]))
Sferra, F. + (Born in Rome, Italy, in 1965, Francesco Sf … Born in Rome, Italy, in 1965, Francesco Sferra studied philosophy and Indology at the University of Rome “La Sapienza” under the guidance of Prof. Raniero Gnoli, Prof. Raffaele Torella and Prof. Corrado Pensa. He was awarded a Doctorate in Sanskrit by the same University in 1999.He has a permanent appointment for the teaching of Sanskrit Language and Literature at the University of Naples “L’Orientale.”His main research areas are: tantric traditions in pre-13th century South Asia, especially Vajrayāna Buddhism; Śaivism; and classical Indian philosophy of language. ([https://www.tantric-studies.uni-hamburg.de/people/prof-francesco-sferra-naples.html Source Accessed Dec 17, 2019])[http://docenti.unior.it/index2.php?content_id=18425&content_id_start=1 Curriculum Vitae]18425&content_id_start=1 Curriculum Vitae])
Dhammasami, K. + (Born in Shan State, Union of Myanmar and a … Born in Shan State, Union of Myanmar and a Theravada Buddhist monk over thirty years, Venerable Dr. K Dhammasami has studied in Myanmar, Thailand and Sri Lanka where taught Pali, Abhidhamma and meditation.Based in Great Britain since 1996, he ran a Sunday School in London for four years before completing his doctorate study at Oxford and setting up a monastery there in 2003 where he is the abbot.He served as secretary general of United Nations Day of Vesak in Bangkok (2006-2010), founder-executive of the two Buddhist universities associations: IATBU (2007- present) and IABU (2007- present). Among academic posts he holds are: Fellow and Trustee at the Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies (2004- present) and a member of Theology Faculty (2009-present) as well as Buddhist chaplain at Oxford University (2010-present); professor responsible for research, publication in Pali, and international affairs at International TheravadaBuddhistMissionary University, Yangon, Myanmar (2006-present).Since 2006, he has supservised and examined a few theses for MPhil and PhD in London, Colombo, Bangkok and Yangon and been a visiting lecturer in India, Indonesia and Thailand.He has been teaching midnfulness vipassana meditation since 1996 in Britain, Singapore, Malaysia, Germany, Spain, Thailand, USA, Canada, Hungary and Serbia. His book Mindfulness Meditation made Easy has been translated into Thai, Korean and Spanish. Its Hungarian and Serbian versions are expected to be out soon. Apart from running regular retreats, he also organises some conferences on meditation. ([https://ebtc.hu/staff/dr-khammai-dhammasami/ Source Accessed May 19, 2021])dhammasami/ Source Accessed May 19, 2021]))
Hirakawa, A. + (Born in Toyohashi City in Aichi Prefecture … Born in Toyohashi City in Aichi Prefecture on January 21, 1915, Hirakawa studied as an undergraduate and then graduate student (1939-1945) at the Department of Indian Philosophy and Sanskrit Philology, Faculty of Letters, Tokyo Imperial University (now University of Tokyo), and became Research Assistant of that department in 1946. He was appointed Associate Professor of the newly established Department of Indian Philosophy at Hokkaido University in 1950. After teaching for four years in Hokkaido University, he returned to Tokyo in 1954 to become Associate Professor of Buddhist Studies at his alma mater. Hirakawa was granted a full professorship in 1962, a position he held until reaching the University of Tokyo’s mandatory retirement age of 60 in 1975, at which time he received the title of Professor Emeritus. After his retirement he taught for 10 years (1975-1985) Buddhist Studies at Waseda University, Department of Oriental Philosophy, School of Literature. Hirakawa also served as Chairman of the Directors of the Japanese Association of Indian and Buddhist Studies for eight years (1983-1991), where he made tremendous contributions toward the advancement of the Association. In 1993 he was selected to be a member of the Japan Academy. He went on to become Chairman and Professor at the International College for Advanced Buddhist Studies (established in 1996), where in addition to his duties as the director of research and education, he was responsible for the general administration of the College. He held this position until passing away. ([https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/jiabs/article/download/8928/2821/ Source Accessed Dec 5, 2019])[https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/jiabs/article/download/8928/2821/ See also, ''In Memoriam'', Professor Akira Hirakawa]''In Memoriam'', Professor Akira Hirakawa])
Fatian + (Born in central India, Fatian (法天, ?-1001) … Born in central India, Fatian (法天, ?-1001), or Dharmadeva, had been a monk in the Nālandā Monastery in the kingdom of Magadha. In 973, the sixth year of the Kaibao (開寶) years of the Northern Song Dynasty, he went to China and stayed in Pujin (蒲津), in Lu County (漉州). He translated the Sūtra of the Infinite-Life Resolute Radiance King Tathāgata Dhāraṇī, the Stanzas in Praise of the Seven Buddhas, and other texts. His translations were recorded and edited by Fajin (法進), an Indian monk of the Kaiyuan Temple (開元寺) in Hezhongfu (河中府).In 980, the fifth year of the Taiping-Xinguo (太平興國) years, the county official presented a written recommendation of Fatian to Emperor Taizong (宋太宗). Very pleased with what he read in the report, the emperor summoned Fatian to the capital city and bestowed upon him the purple robe. Furthermore, he decreed the building of an institute for sūtra translation. In 982, at the command of the emperor, Fatian, Tianxizai (天息災), Shihu (施護), and others moved into the institute, starting to translate the Sanskrit texts each had brought. In the seventh month, Fatian completed his translation of the Mahāyāna Sūtra of the Holy Auspicious Upholding-the-World Dhāranī. Then the emperor named him Great Master of Transmission of Teachings. Between 982 and 1000, he translated forty-six sūtras. Fatian died in 1001, the fourth year of the Xianping (咸平) years, his age unknown. The emperor conferred upon him a posthumous title, Great Master of Profound Enlightenment. ([http://www.buddhism.org/Sutras/3/translators.html Source Accessed Aug 25, 2021])lators.html Source Accessed Aug 25, 2021]))
Karthar, Khenpo + (Born in eastern Tibet in 1924, Khenpo Kart … Born in eastern Tibet in 1924, Khenpo Karthar Rinpoche was one of the great masters of the Karma Kagyu tradition. Rinpoche, who received most of his training and education in Tibet before the Chinese invasion, was highly accomplished in meditation, philosophy, and monastic arts. As abbot of Karma Triyana Dharmacakra Monastery (KTD) in Woodstock, New York; spiritual guide of thirty-five Karma Thegsum Choling (KTC) affiliate centers; and retreat master at the Karme Ling Retreat Center in Delhi, New York, Rinpoche touched the lives of thousands of students. He was also known for numerous books, including ''The Quintessence of the Union of Mahamudra and Dzokchen''; ''Dharma Paths''; ''Instructions of Gampopa''; ''Bardo: Interval of Possibility''; ''The Wish-Fulfilling Wheel: The Practice of White Tara''; and the five-volume masterwork ''Karma Chakme’s Mountain Dharma''.erwork ''Karma Chakme’s Mountain Dharma''.)
Reshetov, A. + (Born on August 1, 1932. In 1956, graduated … Born on August 1, 1932. In 1956, graduated from Leningrad State University, the Faculty of Oriental Studies, the Department of Chinese Philology, and was admitted to the doctoral course at the Institute of Ethnography, the USSR Academy of Sciences. Soon he went to China for the academic training and spent there several years. In 1960, he started his work at the Leningrad Branch of the Institute of Ethnography and immediately took an active part in the edition of issues Peoples of Eastern Asia [Народы Восточной Азии] and Peoples of South Eastern Asia [Народы Юго-Восточной Азии] published by the Institute as a part of the series Peoples of the World [Народы мира]. In 1967, he defended the PhD Dissertation, The Puyi. An Historical and Ethnographic Account [Буи. Историко-этнографический очерк], supervised by Dr N.N. Cheboksarov, a well-known Russian ethnographer and anthropologist.At the same time, he started his fieldworks. First he explored Siberia and Central Asia, especially the areas populated by the Uigurs and Dungans. During late 1970s through early 1980s, he took part in the Soviet Mongolian research expedition. He brought a number of artifacts to the Museum of anthropology and ethnography (MAE).During the 1960s through 1970s, his major research interests were in ethnography of various ethnic groups of China, Mongolia, the Far East. He contributed much to the description and popularization of relevant rich collections kept at the MAE. It resulted in a series of his papers published at the MAE’s academic issues.During the 1970s, he contributed to the study of general ethnography, its theory and methodology, editing two books of essays such as The Hunters, Gatherers, Fishers [Охотники, собиратели, рыболовы] and The Early Farmers [Ранние земледельцы].Starting from mid-1980s, he concentrated also on the history of Russian ethnography and Oriental studies and published more than 100 papers on both well-known scholars and those whose names were undeserved forgotten. Thanks to him the names of many Russian ethnographers, anthropologists and Orientalists, including the emigrants of the first wave who worked mostly in Harbin and the scholars oppressed by the Stalinists were returned. During the last years of his life, Dr A.Reshetov worked on the fundamental Biobliographic Dictionary of Russian Ethnographs and Anthropologists. The 20th Century [Биобиблиографический словарь отечественных этнографов и антропологов. XX век] that he was not destined to complete.Moreover, Dr A. Reshetov organized many important conferences. During many years, he was the academic secretary of the Leningrad Branch of the Institute of Ethnography, then headed its Department of Foreign Asian Studies. ([http://www.orientalstudies.ru/eng/index.php?option=com_personalities&Itemid=74&person=649 Source Accessed Apr 12, 2022])d=74&person=649 Source Accessed Apr 12, 2022]))
Dotson, B. + (Brandon Dotson is associate professor and … Brandon Dotson is associate professor and Thomas P. McKenna Chair of Buddhist Studies. Besides Georgetown, he has taught and researched at Oxford, SOAS, UCSB, and Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich. He has also enjoyed research stays in China and Tibet. His work concerns ritual, narrative, and cosmology and the interaction of Buddhist and non-Buddhist traditions in the Tibetan cultural area. In particular, he works closely with Tibetan Dunhuang manuscripts to explore the history and culture of the Tibetan Empire (7th to 9th centuries CE). ([https://gufaculty360.georgetown.edu/s/contact/00336000014SlSxAAK/brandon-dotson Source: Georgetown University Page])otson Source: Georgetown University Page]))
Brown, B. + (Brian Edward Brown was an undergraduate an … Brian Edward Brown was an undergraduate and graduate student of Thomas Berry at Fordham University where he earned his doctorate in the History of Religions, specializing in Buddhist thought. He subsequently earned his doctorate in law from New York University. Currently he is Professor Emeritus of Religious Studies at Iona College, New Rochelle, N.Y. He is the co-founder of The Thomas Berry Forum for Ecological Dialogue at Iona as well as being one of the founding faculty of the Integral Environmental Studies major at Iona, a joint venture of the departments of biology, political science and religious studies. He is the author of two principal texts: ''The Buddha Nature: A Study of the Tathāgatagarbha and Ālayavijñāna'' (Motilal Banarsidass,1991, reprinted 1994, 2003, 2010), and ''Religion, Law and the Land: Native Americans and the Judicial Determination of Sacred Land'' (Westport, Greenwood Press, 1999). He is co-editor of ''Augustine and World Religions'' (Lexington Books, 2008). Among his other publications are articles which have addressed the ecological implications of the Buddhist and Native American tribal traditions, as well as the Earth jurisprudence of Thomas Berry. ([http://thomasberry.org/life-and-thought/past-award-recipients Adapted from Source Jul 20, 2020])ipients Adapted from Source Jul 20, 2020]))
Smith, Brian K. + (Brian was born in Seattle, Washington, in … Brian was born in Seattle, Washington, in 1953 to Gordon and JoAnne Smith who moved to St. Paul Minnesota soon thereafter. His father and grandfather were ordained Baptist ministers and Brian had an abiding interest and education in the Christian tradition. He did his undergraduate work at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota and went on to earn a Ph.D. in the History of Religions from the University of Chicago, where he focused on Hindu and Sanskrit texts. During his academic studies, he cultivated an unorthodox understanding of religion thanks to the influence of such renowned scholars as Mircea Eliade, Wendy Doniger and Jonathan Z. Smith. Brian taught for over two decades in the academic world, first at Columbia University’s Barnard College and later, at the University of California, Riverside, where he retired as Professor Emeritus in 2004. In 1998, Brian began an intensive study of Tibetan Buddhism in the Gelugpa tradition with Geshe Michael Roach and his teacher, Geshe Lobsang Tharchin. Later he took further teachings and initiations with Lama Christie McNally, His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Kyabje Lati Rinpoche, Geshe Tsultrim Gyeltsen and Chogyal Namkhai Norbu. He became a Tibetan Buddhist monk and took the ordination name of Sumati Marut, becoming affectionately known by his many students as Lama Marut. He lived as a monk for 8 years. Brian – now called Lama Marut – continued his interest in comparative religion, studying the teachings of other spiritual masters, drawing inspiration from many past and contemporary teachers of the Buddhist and yoga traditions. He also returned to his Christian roots through study and personal friendships with Christian priests and ministers. In addition to several scholarly studies and translations based on Sanskrit materials, Brian/Lama Marut, authored the popular and award-winning books, ''A Spiritual Renegade’s Guide to the Good Life'' and ''Be Nobody''. ([http://lamamarut.org/lama-maruts-obituary/ Source Accessed May 3, 2021])ts-obituary/ Source Accessed May 3, 2021]))
Cuevas, B. + (Bryan J. Cuevas (Ph.D., University of Virg … Bryan J. Cuevas (Ph.D., University of Virginia) joined the Department of Religion faculty of Florida State University in Fall 2000. He teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in Asian religious traditions, specializing in Tibetan and Himalayan Buddhism, Tibetan history, language, and culture. His principal research interests focus on Tibetan history and biography, Buddhist magic and sorcery, and the politics of ritual power in premodern Tibetan societies. He is currently working on the history of the Buddhist Vajrabhairava and Yamāntaka/Yamāri traditions in Tibet, with special focus on the Raluk (Rwa lugs) transmissions and their lineages from the twelfth through early eighteenth centuries. This is a component of a broader long-term study of Tibetan sorcery and the politics of Buddhist ritual magic in Tibet up through the nineteenth century.Dr. Cuevas has been a Member of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, NJ, and has held visiting appointments at UC Berkeley, Princeton University, and Emory University. His research has been supported by fellowships from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH), and the American Institute of Indian Studies (AIIS), as well as grants from public and private endowments.Dr. Cuevas is currently accepting graduate students (M.A. and Ph.D.) interested in pursuing research topics in Tibetan and Buddhist studies for the upcoming 2022-23 academic year.([https://religion.fsu.edu/person/bryan-j-cuevas Source Accessed Feb 23, 2022.])n-j-cuevas Source Accessed Feb 23, 2022.]))
Buddhabhadra + (Buddhabhadra (佛馱跋陀羅, 359–429) means enligh … Buddhabhadra (佛馱跋陀羅, 359–429) means enlightenment worthy. Born in northern India, he was a descendent of King Amṛtodana, who was the youngest of the three uncles of Śākyamuni Buddha (circa 563–483 BCE). He renounced family life at age seventeen and became a monk. Studying hard, he mastered meditation and the Vinaya.In 408, the tenth year of the Hongshi (弘始) years of the Later Qin Dynasty (後秦 or 姚秦, 384–417), one of the Sixteen Kingdoms (304–439), he went to its capital, Chang-an. The illustrious translator Kumārajīva (鳩摩羅什, 344–413) had arrived there in 401. However, Buddhabhadra did not like Kumārajīva’s students. Together with his own forty-some students, he went to the Lu Mountain (廬山, in present-day Jiangxi Province) and stayed with Master Huiyuan (慧遠, 334–416), the first patriarch of the Pure Land School of China.In 415, the eleventh year of the Yixi (義熙) years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (東晉, 317–420), Buddhabhadra went south to its capital, Jiankong (建康), present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. He stayed at the Daochang Temple (道場寺) and began his translation work. Altogether, he translated from Sanskrit into Chinese thirteen texts in 125 fascicles. For example, texts 376 and 1425 were translated jointly by him and Faxian (法顯, circa 337–422). Text 376 (T12n0376) in 6 fascicles is the earliest of the three Chinese versions of the Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra; text 1425 (T22n1425) in 40 fascicles is the Chinese version of the Mahāsaṅghika Vinaya. Texts 278 and 666 were translated by him alone probably between years 418 and 421. Text 278 (T09n0278) is the 60-fascicle Chinese version of the Mahāvaipulya Sūtra of Buddha Adornment (Buddhāvataṁsaka-mahāvaipulya-sūtra); text 666 (T16n0666) in one fascicle is the first of the two extant Chinese versions of the Mahāvaipulya Sūtra of the Tathāgata Store.In 429, the sixth year of the Yuanjia (元嘉) years of the Liu Song Dynasty (劉宋, 420–79), Buddhabhadra died, at age seventy-one. People called him the Indian Meditation Master. He is one of the eighteen exalted ones of the Lu Mountain. ([http://www.sutrasmantras.info/translators.html#kumarajiva Source Accessed Aug 19, 2021])#kumarajiva Source Accessed Aug 19, 2021]))
Buddhapālita + (Buddhapālita. (T. Sangs rgyas bskyang) (c. … Buddhapālita. (T. Sangs rgyas bskyang) (c. 470—540). An Indian Buddhist scholar of the Madhyamaka school, who is regarded in Tibet as a key figure of what was dubbed the Prāsaṅgika school of Madhyamaka. Little is known about the life of Buddhapālita. He is best known for his commentary on Nāgārjuna's ''Mūlamadhyamakakārikā'', a commentary that was thought to survive only in Tibetan translation, until the recent rediscovery of a Sanskrit manuscript. Buddhapālita's commentary bears a close relation in some chapters to the ''Akutobhayā'', another commentary on Nāgārjuna's ''Mūlamadhyamakakārikā'' of uncertain authorship, which is sometimes attributed to Nāgārjuna himself. In his commentary, Buddhapālita does not adopt some of the assumptions of the Buddhist logical tradition of the day, including the need to state one's position in the formof an autonomous inference (''svatantrānumāna''). Instead, Buddhapālita merely states an absurd consequence (''prasaṅga'')that follows from the opponent's position. In his own commentary on the first chapter of Nāgārjuna's text, Bhāvaviveka criticizes Buddhapālita's method, arguing for the need for the Madhyamaka adept to state his own position after refuting the position of the opponent. In his commentary on the same chapter, Candrakīrti in turn defended the approach of Buddhapālita and criticized Bhāvaviveka. It was on the basis of these three commentaries that later Tibetan exegetes identified two schools within Madhyamaka, the Svātantrika, in which they included Bhāvaviveka, and the Prāsaṅgika, in which they included Buddhapālita and Candrakīrti. (Source: "Buddhapālita." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 154–55. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Buddhayaśas + (Buddhayaśas. (C. Fotuoyeshe; J. Butsudayas … Buddhayaśas. (C. Fotuoyeshe; J. Butsudayasha; K. Pult'ayasa 佛陀耶舍) (d.u.; fl. c. early fifth century). A monk from Kashmir . . . who became an important early translator of Indic Buddhist texts into Chinese. Buddhayaśas is said to have memorized several million words worth of both mainstream and Mahāyāna materials and became a renowned teacher in his homeland. He later taught the Sarvāstivāda vinaya to the preeminent translator Kumārajīva and later joined his star pupil in China, traveling to the capital of Chang'an at Kumãrajīva's invitation in 408. While in China, he collaborated with the Chinese monk Zhu Fonian (d.u.) in the translation of two massive texts of the mainstream Buddhist tradition: the Sifen Lü ("Four-Part Vinaya," in sixty rolls), the vinaya collection of the Dharmaguptaka school, which would become the definitive vinaya used within the Chinese tradition; and the Dīrghāgama, also generally presumed to be associated with the Dharmaguptakas. Even after returning to Kashmir four years later, Buddhayaśas is said to have continued with his translation work, eventually sending back to China his rendering of the ''Ākāśagarbhasūtra''. (Source: "Buddhayaśas." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 157. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Buddhaśānta + (Buddhaśānta. A north Indian *monk who went … Buddhaśānta. A north Indian *monk who went to *China in 511 CE where he cooperated with *Bodhiruci in translating the *''Daśabhumika Sūtra''. Later he worked on a version of the *''Mahāyāna-saṃgraha'' and other texts. (Source: "Buddhaśānta." In ''A Dictionary of Buddhism'', 45. Oxford University Press, 2003)hism'', 45. Oxford University Press, 2003))
Tanyan + (Buddhist monk, writer of Northern Zhou and … Buddhist monk, writer of Northern Zhou and Sui. Tanyan’s secular surname was Wang 王. His ancestral home was Sangquan 桑泉 in Puzhou 蒲州 (modern Linjin 臨晉, Shanxi). At the age of sixteen, Tanyan visited a monastery and listened to a monk lecturing on the Niepan jing 涅槃經 (Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra). At that moment he decided to become a Buddhist monk. Tanyan lived in seclusion in the Taihang 太行 Mountains. Yuwen Tai 宇文泰 (505–556) showed great respect to Tanyan while he served in the Western Wei court. During the Jiande period (572–578) of Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou, Tanyan went to Chang’an where he was selected to debate with Zhou Hongzheng 周弘正 (496–574), an envoy from the southern Chen court. Tanyan lost the competiton, but Zhou Hongzheng regarded Tanyan as his master. Before Zhou Hongzheng returned to the south, he composed forty poems “Feng yun shan hai shi” 風雲山海詩 (Poems on wind, cloud, mountain and ocean) and sent them to Tanyan, who replied with poems on the same subject.Tanyan again became a recluse in the Taihang Mountains when Emperor Wu undertook his proscription of Buddhism. He returned to Chang’an after Emperor Xuan 宣 (r. 579–579) lifted the ban on Buddhism. He died at the age of seventy-three.Tanyan has only one extant poem which is preserved in the Xu Gaoseng zhuan 續高僧傳, Shi ji of Feng Weine, and Lu Qinli’s Xian Qin Han Wei Jin Nanbeichao shi. His only extant prose piece, “Lin zhong yi qi” 臨終遺啟 (Last testament), is preserved in Yan Kejun’s Quan shangguo Sandai Qin Han Sanguo Liuchao wen. (Source: Knechtges, David R., and Taiping Chang. ''Ancient and Early Medieval Chinese Literature: A Reference Guide, Part Two''. Leiden: Brill, 2014, p. 1076–77. https://brill.com/display/title/19546)77. https://brill.com/display/title/19546))
Amoghavajra + (Buddhist émigré ācarya who played a major … Buddhist émigré ācarya who played a major role in the introduction and translation of seminal Buddhist texts belonging to the esoteric tradition or mijiao. His birthplace is uncertain, but many sources allude to his ties to Central Asia. Accompanying his teacher Vajrabodhi, Amoghavajra arrived in the Chinese capital of Chang'an in 720–1 and spent most of his career in that cosmopolitan city. In 741, following the death of his mentor, Amoghavajra made an excursion to India and Sri Lanka with the permission of the Tang-dynasty emperor and returned in 746 with new Buddhist texts, many of them esoteric scriptures. Amoghavajra's influence on the Tang court reached its peak when he was summoned by the emperor to construct an abhiṣeka, or consecration, altar on his behalf. Amoghavajra's activities in Chang'an were interrupted by the An Lushan rebellion (655–763), but after the rebellion was quelled, he returned to his work at the capital and established an inner chapel for homa rituals and abhiṣeka in the imperial palace. He was later honored by the emperor with the purple robe, the highest honor for a Buddhist monk and the rank of third degree. Along with Xuanzang, Amoghavajra was one of the most prolific translators and writers in the history of Chinese Buddhism. Among the many texts he translated into Chinese, especially important are the ''Sarvatathāgatasaṃgraha'' and the ''Bhadracarīpraṇidhāna''. (Source: "Amoghavajra." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 36. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Watson, B. + (Burton Dewitt Watson (June 13, 1925 – Apri … Burton Dewitt Watson (June 13, 1925 – April 1, 2017) was an American sinologist, translator, and writer known for his English translations of Chinese and Japanese literature. Watson's translations received many awards, including the Gold Medal Award of the Translation Center at Columbia University in 1979, the PEN Translation Prize in 1982 for his translation with Hiroaki Sato of ''From the Country of Eight Islands: An Anthology of Japanese Poetry'', and again in 1995 for ''Selected Poems of Su Tung-p'o''. In 2015, at age 88, Watson was awarded the PEN/Ralph Manheim Medal for Translation for his long and prolific translation career. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_Watson Source Accessed June 7, 2021]urton_Watson Source Accessed June 7, 2021])
Sebastian, C. + (C. D. Sebastian (PhD, Banaras Hindu Univer … C. D. Sebastian (PhD, Banaras Hindu University) is Professor of Indian Philosophy in the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Mumbai, India. He is an established Indian Buddhist scholar and has expertise in philosophy, theology and religious studies. Among his works are ''Metaphysics and Mysticism in Mahayana Buddhism'' (2005, Bibliotheca Indo-Buddhica Series – 238) and ''Recent Researches in Buddhist Studies'' (2008, Bibliotheca Indo-Buddhica Series – 248). ([https://www.springer.com/us/book/9788132236443?utm_campaign=bookpage_about_buyonpublisherssite&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=springerlink#aboutAuthors Source Accessed May 21, 2020])erlink#aboutAuthors Source Accessed May 21, 2020]))
Salguero, C. + (C. Pierce Salguero is an interdisciplinary … C. Pierce Salguero is an interdisciplinary humanities scholar interested in the role of Buddhism in the cross-cultural exchange of medical ideas worldwide. He has a PhD in the history of medicine from Johns Hopkins University, and is associate professor of Asian history and religious studies at Penn State University's Abington College. He is the author of ''Translating Buddhist Medicine in Medieval China'' (2014), and a number of articles on Buddhism and medicine in Asian history. (''Buddhism and Medicine'', 672) history. (''Buddhism and Medicine'', 672))
Ermakov, C. + (CAROL ERMAKOVA was born in Malaysia in 196 … CAROL ERMAKOVA was born in Malaysia in 1967 and much of her first two years was spent travelling with her family before they returned to live in the UK. Carol studied modern languages and literature at St. Andrews University, Scotland, graduating in 1992 with First Class Honours. She also holds an MA in Contemporary Russian Studies from SSEES, London University (1994), and an MA in Translation and Interpreting from Bath University (2005). She has worked as an English Language teacher in Italy, Russia and the UK, and has also assisted many Bönpo Geshes in their language studies, notably Geshe Gelek Jinpa, Ponlob Tsangpa Tenzin, Drubdra Khenpo Tsultrim Tenzin, Khenpo Rakhyung Kalsang Norbu. Many of her literary translations have been published in journals such as The London Magazine, Litro and Steppe. Her work has also been included in anthologies such as Squaring the Circle, Winners of the Debut Prize, 2010 and Shadowplay on a Sunless Day. Carol currently works as a freelance, self-employed translator in the North Pennines, UK.It was as a student in St. Andrews that she first became interested in Tibetan Buddhism when a friend took her to visit Karma Kargyu Samye Ling, Eskdalemuir, Scotland. Struck by the strong spiritual energy of the rituals, Carol returned several times to sit with the monks, first in the atmospheric puja room, then in the newly-built temple. It was not until 1994, however, that she received her first Buddhist teachings, from Chögyal Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche, in Ulaan Baatar, Mongolia.Source [http://www.yungdrungbon.co.uk/CarolErmakova.html]www.yungdrungbon.co.uk/CarolErmakova.html])
Vasantkumar, C. + (CHRIS V ASANTKUMAR is Luce Junior Professor of Asian Studies and Anthropology at Hamilton College. His current research deals with issues of race, nation and indigeneity between China, Tibet and Taiwan.)
Formigatti, C. + (Camillo Formigatti studied Indology and Sa … Camillo Formigatti studied Indology and Sanskrit as a secondary subject when he was studying Classics at the “Università Statale” in Milan. After that he spent ten years in Germany, learning Tibetan and textual criticism in Marburg and manuscript studies in Hamburg. From June 2008 to May 2011, he worked as a research associate on the project: ''In the Margins of the Text: Annotated Manuscripts from Northern India and Nepal'', in Hamburg. From November 2011 to November 2014 he worked as a Research Associate on the ''Sanskrit Manuscripts Project'' in Cambridge and later as a collaborator in the project ''Transforming Tibetan and Buddhist Book Culture''. After having briefly taught Sanskrit at SOAS, since February 2016 he is the John Clay Sanskrit Librarian at the Bodleian Library, University of Oxford. ([https://sanskritreadingroom.wordpress.com/2017/10/28/session-3-dr-camillo-formigatti/ Source Accessed July 22, 2021])ormigatti/ Source Accessed July 22, 2021]))
Bastos, C. + (Candida Bastos is a translator of Buddhist … Candida Bastos is a translator of Buddhist works into Portuguese. She has translated a number of works by by Chagdud Tulku, including ''Portões da Prática Budista: Ensinamentos Essenciais de um Lama Tibetano'', ''O senhor da dança: a autobiografia de um lama tibetano'', ''Para Abrir o Coração: Treinamento para Paz'', ''Comentários sobre Tara Vermelha'', and ''Vida e morte no Budismo Tibetano''. She has also co-translated, with Manoel Vidal, ''O caminho do bodisatva'', a Portuguese translation of the revised edition of the English translation of the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' made by the Padmakara Translation Group. She lives in São Paulo, Brazil.ion Group. She lives in São Paulo, Brazil.)
Candragomin + (Candragomin. (T. Btsun pa zla ba). Fifth-c … Candragomin. (T. Btsun pa zla ba). Fifth-century CE Indian lay poet and grammarian, who made substantial contributionsto Sanskrit grammar, founding what was known as the Cāndra school. A junior contemporary of the great Kālidāsa, Candragomin was one of the most accomplished poets in the history of Indian Buddhism. His play ''Lokānanda'', which tells the story of the bodhisattva king Maṇicūḍa, is the oldest extant Buddhist play and was widely performed in the centuries afterits composition. He was a devotee of Tārā and composed several works in her praise. Tibetan works describe him as a proponent of Vijñānavãda who engaged in debate with Candrakīrti, but there is little philosophical content in his works that can be confidently ascribed to him. Among those works are the "Letter to a Disciple" (''Śiṣyalekha''), the "Confessional Praise" (''Deśanāstava''), and perhaps the "Twenty Verses on the Bodhisattva Precepts" (''Bodhisattvasaṃvaraviṃśaka''). (Source: "Candragomin." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 165. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Candrākaragupta + (Candrākaragupta, often referred to in Tibetan as the Scholar with a Golden Umbrella (paN+Di ta gser gdugs can) was an Indian Buddhist scholar known for his sādhana practice of Mañjuśrī in the form of prajñācakra (''shes rab 'khor lo).)
Tola, F. + (Carmen Dragonetti (born in Argentina, 1937 … Carmen Dragonetti (born in Argentina, 1937) and Fernando Tola (born in Peru, 1915) are the most prestigious Indologists in the Spanish-speaking world, both being researchers from the National Council for Scientific and Technical Research, Argentina. They were President and Vice-President, respectively, of the Institute of Buddhist Studies Foundation (FIEB).Both were professors at universities in Peru and Argentina. Dedicated to Indology and the study of Buddhism, they published a large number of books and articles in Spanish and English, containing highly reliable translations of Sanskrit, Pali, Chinese and/or Tibetan texts, such as the unsurpassed Tola versions of the ''Gita Govinda'' and the ''Bhagavad Gita'', and Dragonetti's ''Dhammapada'', which are remarkable for their beauty and clarity, one of the most relevant qualities of these authors as writers.Other translations by the same authors include ''Five Mahayana Sutras'', also published by Primorda Media, the ''Udana'' and ''The Sutra of Infinite Meanings'', ''Wu liang i ching''. ([https://www-librosbudistas-com.translate.goog/autor/carmen-dragonetti-fernando-tola?_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=es&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en Adapted from Source Oct 4, 2022])l=en&_x_tr_hl=en Adapted from Source Oct 4, 2022]))
Dragonetti, C. + (Carmen Dragonetti (born in Argentina, 1937 … Carmen Dragonetti (born in Argentina, 1937) and Fernando Tola (born in Peru, 1915) are the most prestigious Indologists in the Spanish-speaking world, both being researchers from the National Council for Scientific and Technical Research, Argentina. They were President and Vice-President, respectively, of the Institute of Buddhist Studies Foundation (FIEB).Both were professors at universities in Peru and Argentina. Dedicated to Indology and the study of Buddhism, they published a large number of books and articles in Spanish and English, containing highly reliable translations of Sanskrit, Pali, Chinese and/or Tibetan texts, such as the unsurpassed Tola versions of the ''Gita Govinda'' and the ''Bhagavad Gita'', and Dragonetti's ''Dhammapada'', which are remarkable for their beauty and clarity, one of the most relevant qualities of these authors as writers.Other translations by the same authors include ''Five Mahayana Sutras'', also published by Primorda Media, the ''Udana'' and ''The Sutra of Infinite Meanings'', ''Wu liang i ching''. ([https://www-librosbudistas-com.translate.goog/autor/carmen-dragonetti-fernando-tola?_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=es&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en Adapted from Source Oct 4, 2022])l=en&_x_tr_hl=en Adapted from Source Oct 4, 2022]))
Roloff, C. + (Carola Roloff (born 1959 in Holzminden, We … Carola Roloff (born 1959 in Holzminden, West Germany) is a German Buddhist nun. Her monastic name is Bhiksuni Jampa Tsedroen. An active teacher, translator, author, and speaker, she is instrumental in campaigning for equal rights for Buddhist nuns. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carola_Roloff Source Accessed July 23, 2018]). Dr. Roloff is Visiting Professor for Buddhism (endowed docentship until 31.03.2025) in the Academy of World Religions of the University of Hamburg. From 1981-1996 she studied Tibetan Buddhist philosophy and practice with Geshe Thubten Ngawang in the Tibetan Centre e.V. and then Tibetology and Classical Indology with a focus on Buddhist Studies in the Asia-Africa-Institute of the University of Hamburg (M.A. 2003, PhD in 2009). Her current focus in research and teaching is "Buddhism and Dialogue in Modern Societies". Other research topics include: Interreligious dialogue, Buddhism between tradition and modernity, Mindfulness and other meditative techniques, Socially engaged Buddhism, and Gender-religion interactions in Buddhism and their significance in social dialogue processes (including in relation to their countries of origin).([https://www.buddhismuskunde.uni-hamburg.de/personen/roloff.html Source Accessed July 23, 2018])oloff.html Source Accessed July 23, 2018]))
Kemp, C. + (Casey Kemp received her Master’s degree fr … Casey Kemp received her Master’s degree from Oxford University in Tibetan Buddhist philosophy, and she has worked closely with the Drikung Kagyu monastic community in Europe and Asia. She is completing her PhD dissertation on the concept of luminosity in the early Tibetan Mahāmudrā tradition through the University of Vienna. She has translated and edited for 84000 and is a Snow Lion editor at Shambhala Publications.now Lion editor at Shambhala Publications.)
Dalton, C. + (Catherine Dalton is an oral interpreter an … Catherine Dalton is an oral interpreter and a translator for the Dharmachakra Translation Committee. She has published a number of translations with Dharmachakra, including several for 84000. Catherine studied and taught at the Rangjung Yeshe Institute in Nepal for a number of years, and is the co-director of the Dharmachakra Center for Translation and Translation Studies at Rangjung Yeshe Gomde, CA. She holds an MA in Buddhist Studies from Kathmandu University, and is currently a doctoral student in Buddhist Studies at UC Berkeley. (Source: [https://conference.tsadra.org/past-event/the-2014-tt-conference/ 2014 Translation & Transmission Conference Program])lation & Transmission Conference Program]))
Bendall, C. + (Cecil Bendall (1 July 1856 – 14 March 1906 … Cecil Bendall (1 July 1856 – 14 March 1906) was an English scholar, a professor of Sanskrit at University College London from 1895 to 1902 and later at the University of Cambridge from 1903 until his death.Bendall was educated at the City of London School and at the University of Cambridge, achieving first-class honours in the Classical Tripos in 1879 and the Indian Languages Tripos in 1881. He was elected to a fellowship at Gonville and Caius College.From 1882 to 1893 he worked at the British Museum in the department of Oriental Manuscripts (now part of the British Library).In 1894–1895 he was in Nepal and Northern India collecting oriental manuscripts for the British Museum. During the winter 1898–1899 he returned to Nepal and together with pandit Hara Prasad Shastri and his assistant pandit Binodavihari Bhattacharya from the Asiatic Society in Calcutta, the team registered and collected information from palm-leaf manuscripts in the Durbar Library belonging to Rana Prime Minister Bir Shumsher J. B. Rana, and here he found the famous historical document Gopal Raj Vamshavali, describing Nepal's history from around 1000 to 1600. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Bendall Adapted from Source Mar 18, 2021])Bendall Adapted from Source Mar 18, 2021]))
Jones, Charles + (Charles B. Jones is an associate professor … Charles B. Jones is an associate professor of Religious Studies at The Catholic University of America in Washington, DC. He earned a PhD at the University of Virginia in 1996 and specializes in Pure Land Buddhism in China. (Source: [https://www.shambhala.com/authors/g-n/charles-jones.html Shambhala Publications])harles-jones.html Shambhala Publications]))
DiSimone, C. + (Charles DiSimone's research interests incl … Charles DiSimone's research interests include the applications of philological and critical analysis of Buddhist sūtra manuscripts and literature, both Mahāyāna and Mainstream, in order to explore issues of intertextuality, translation, and canonicity. ([https://ugent.academia.edu/CharlesDiSimone Source Accessed Feb 22, 2021])lesDiSimone Source Accessed Feb 22, 2021]))
Goodman, C. + (Charles Goodman is Professor in the Philos … Charles Goodman is Professor in the Philosophy Department and the Department of Asian and Asian-American Studies at Binghamton University. His first book was ''Consequences of Compassion: An Interpretation and Defense of Buddhist Ethics'' (2009). As a member of the Cowherds collaboration, he is also a co-author of ''Moonpaths: Ethics and Emptiness'' (2016). Recently he published the first complete translation of the ''Śikṣā-samuccaya'' in over ninety years, entitled [https://research.tsadra.org/index.php/The_Training_Anthology_of_%C5%9A%C4%81ntideva ''The Training Anthology of Śāntideva''] (2016).Charles holds a BA in Physics from Harvard University and a Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. He has published numerous articles and book chapters on the works of Mahāyāna Buddhist philosophers, including Śāntideva, Bhāvaviveka, Nāgārjuna, Dharmakīrti, and Vasubandhu. His work emphasizes aspects of Buddhist thought that can offer valuable insights for the philosophy of today. Charles has also published several articles on applied ethics and political philosophy in the Western tradition. His writings on Buddhist philosophy have explored a range of topics, including ethical theory, conceptions of well-being, free will, and personal identity. ([https://www.binghamton.edu/aaas/faculty/profile.html?id=cgoodman Source Accessed Mar 29, 2021])id=cgoodman Source Accessed Mar 29, 2021]))
Hallisey, C. + (Charles Hallisey served on the Committee o … Charles Hallisey served on the Committee on the Study of Religion at Harvard from 1991 to 2000, and then again in 2007 when he joined the Faculty of Divinity. Prior to returning to Harvard, he was Associate Professor in the Department of Languages and Cultures of Asia at the University of Wisconsin. Since January 2005, he had also been director of Wisconsin's Religious Studies Program. His research centers on Theravada Buddhism in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia, Pali language and literature, Buddhist ethics, literature in Buddhist culture. He is currently working on a book project entitled ''Flowers on the Tree of Poetry: The Moral Economy of Literature in Buddhist Sri Lanka''. ([https://studyofreligion.fas.harvard.edu/people/charles-hallisey Source Accessed Mar 10, 2021])es-hallisey Source Accessed Mar 10, 2021]))
Luk, C. + (Charles Luk (1898-1978) (simplified Chines … Charles Luk (1898-1978) (simplified Chinese: 陆宽昱; traditional Chinese: 陸寬昱; pinyin: Lù Kuānyù; Wade–Giles: Lu K'uan Yü; Jyutping: Luhk Fūn-Yūk) was an early translator of Chinese Buddhist texts and commentaries into the English language. He was born in Guangdong province, and moved later to Hong Kong, where he wrote most of his books.Charles Luk often used the title Upāsaka (居士), e.g. "Upāsaka Lu K'uan Yü" (陸寬昱居士), referring to his role as a devout lay follower of Buddhism. His first Buddhist teacher was a tulku of Esoteric Buddhism, the Khutuktu of Xikang. Later he became a disciple of Hsu Yun, the famous inheritor of all five houses of the Chán school in China.[1] Master Hsu Yun personally asked Charles Luk to translate key Chinese Buddhist texts into English, so that Western Buddhists could have access to authentic teachings to assist their practice. Upon his death in 1978, this task was taken on by his British disciple Richard Hunn (1949–2006), also known as Upasaka Wen Shu - who edited the 1988 Element edition of Charles Luk's book entitled ''Empty Cloud: The Autobiography of the Chinese Zen Master Xu Yun''.Charles Luk contributed broadly to Buddhist publications in India, London, Paris, and New York.Translations:*''Shurangama Sutra'' (1966)*''Platform Sutra''*''Vimalakirti Sutra'' (1972)*Some works on Daoist Neidan meditation.Other works:*''Ch'an and Zen Teachings, First Series'' (1960),*''Secrets of Chinese Meditation'' (1964)*''Ch'an and Zen Teachings, Second Series'' (1971),*''Practical Buddhism'', Rider, (1971)*''Ch'an and Zen Teachings, Third Series'' (1973),*''Taoist Yoga: Alchemy And Immortality'' (1973)*''Empty Cloud: The Autobiography of the Chinese Zen Master Xu Yun'' (1974)*''The Transmission of the Mind: Outside the Teaching'' (1974)*''Master Hsu Yun's Discourses and Dharma Words'' (1996) ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Luk Source Accessed Jan 20, 2022])Charles_Luk Source Accessed Jan 20, 2022]))
Manson, C. + (Charles Manson lived at Samyeling in the U … Charles Manson lived at Samyeling in the UK and studied and practiced Buddhism extensively there, later traveling in Tibet and studying the second Karmapa, Karma Pakshi in particular. He received his BA degree from SOAS, and MTS degree from Harvard Divinity School (Tibetan Buddhism). In addition to teaching at SOAS, he is currently Tibetan Subject Librarian for the Bodleian Library, Oxford. He maintains ''Bod Blog'' (yeshiuk.blogspot.com), a blog relating to the Tibetan Collection at the Bodleian. He also writes for BDRC regularly and maintains the Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/tibetanoxfordge: https://www.facebook.com/tibetanoxford)
Prebish, C. + (Charles Prebish came to Utah State Univers … Charles Prebish came to Utah State University in January 2007 following more than thirty-five years on the faculty of the Pennsylvania State University. During his tenure at Utah State University, he was the first holder of the Charles Redd Endowed Chair in Religious Studies and served as Director of the Religious Studies Program. During his career, Dr. Prebish published more than twenty books and nearly one hundred scholarly articles and chapters. His books Buddhist Monastic Discipline (1975) and Luminous Passage: The Practice and Study of Buddhism in America (1999) are considered classic volumes in Buddhist Studies. Dr. Prebish remains the leading pioneer in the establishment of the study of Western Buddhism as a sub-discipline in Buddhist Studies. In 1993 he held the Visiting Numata Chair in Buddhist Studies at the University of Calgary, and in 1997 was awarded a Rockefeller Foundation National Humanities Fellowship for research at the University of Toronto. Dr. Prebish has been an officer in the International Association of Buddhist Studies, and was co-founder of the Buddhism Section of the American Academy of Religion. In 1994, he co-founded the Journal of Buddhist Ethics, which was the first online peer-reviewed journal in the field of Buddhist Studies; and in 1996, co-founded the Routledge "Critical Studies in Buddhism" series. He has also served as editor of the Journal of Global Buddhism and Critical Review of Books in Religion. In 2005, he was honored with a "festschrift" volume by his colleagues titled Buddhist Studies from India to America: Essays in Honor of Charles S. Prebish. Dr. Prebish retired from Utah State University on December 31, 2010, and was awarded emeritus status. He currently resides in State College, Pennsylvania.([http://www.amazon.com/Charles-S.-Prebish/e/B001IXTTO6/ref=ntt_dp_epwbk_0 Source Accessed Oct 21, 2015])_dp_epwbk_0 Source Accessed Oct 21, 2015]))
Freeman, C. + (Charlotte Freeman, a SOAS PhD student, has for the past five or more years been working under the supervision of Dr Piatigorsky on the ''Akṣyamatinirdeśa-sūtra'' and its commentary by Vasubandhu. (Source: The Buddhist Forum, Vol. 2))
Lin, C. + (Chen-kuo Lin is Professor Emeritus of Budd … Chen-kuo Lin is Professor Emeritus of Buddhist Philosophy at National Chengchi University. He also serves as Director of the Sheng Yen Center for Chinese Buddhist Studies. Currently there are four research projects under his supervision: (1) "An Annotated Translation of Dharmapāla’s Cheng weishi baosheng lun," (2) "Exploring Buddhism in Early Modern East Asia through the Manuscripts and Rare Copies," (3) "Mapping the Buddhist Scholasticism during the Edo Period," and (4) "Re-examining the Philosophical Debate between Bhāviveka and Dharmapāla in the Sino-Indic Buddhist Context." His recent research focuses on epistemology in Chinese Buddhism and application of syllogism in Buddhist hermeneutics. He is the author of three books: ''Emptiness and Method: Explorations in Cross-Cultural Buddhist Philosophy'' (Taipei: The NCCU Press, 2012), ''Emptiness and Modernity: From the Kyoto School, Modern Neo-Confucianism to Multivocal Hermeneutics'' (Taipei: New Century Publication, 1999), ''A Passage of Dialectics'' (Taipei: New Century Publication, 2002), and several articles in Journal of Chinese Philosophy, Journal of Indian Philosophy, Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy and Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies. His recent edited volumes include (1) ''A Distant Mirror: Articulating Indic Ideas in Sixth and Seventh Century Chinese Buddhism'', co-edited with Michael Radich (Hamburg: University of Hamburg Press, 2014), (2) ''A Collection of the Rare Manuscripts of the Commentaries on Dignāga’s Ālamabanaparīkṣā in Early Modern East Asia'', co-edited with Kaiting Jien (Kaohsiung: Fo Guang Publishing Co., 2018). ([https://buddhica.nccu.edu.tw/people/cklin Source Accessed July 23, 2020])ople/cklin Source Accessed July 23, 2020]))
Tseng, C. + (Chih-Mien Adrian Tseng is Assistant Profes … Chih-Mien Adrian Tseng is Assistant Professor of Buddhist Studies at Fo Guang University in Taiwan. She received her PhD from McMaster University in Ontario Canada. Her area of research includes Chinese Buddhist thought of medieval China and the concept of buddha-nature in Chinese Buddhism. ([https://buddhist.fgu.edu.tw/en/person/-C-M-Adrian-TSENG-90195673# Source Accessed Aug 7, 2020])NG-90195673# Source Accessed Aug 7, 2020]))
Mchims 'jam pa'i dbyangs + (Chim Jampé Yang (Tib. མཆིམས་འཇམ་པའི་དབྱངས་ … Chim Jampé Yang (Tib. མཆིམས་འཇམ་པའི་དབྱངས་, Wyl. ''mchims 'jam pa'i dbyangs'') (13th century) — author of the most famous Tibetan commentary on Vasubandhu's ''Abhidharmakosha'', ''The Ornament of Abhidharma'', often known simply as the 'Chim Dzö' or 'Chim Chen'. Here large (chen) is referring to the size of his commentary. Some traditions identify the author of this text with Chim Namkha Drak.His teacher was Chim Lozang Drakpa, who is known as The Omniscient Chim, and who is the author of the 'Chim chung', the smaller commentary. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Chim_Jamp%C3%A9_Yang Rigpa Wiki])hp?title=Chim_Jamp%C3%A9_Yang Rigpa Wiki]))
Keng, C. + (Ching Keng 耿晴 is Assistant Professor at th … Ching Keng 耿晴 is Assistant Professor at the Department of Philosophy, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan. His field of research is Yogâcāra and Tathāgatagarbha thought in India and China during the medieval period. He has been part of various research projects studying Dharmapāla’s ''Commentary on the Viṃśikā of Vasubandhu'' and Dharmapāla’s ''Commentary on the Ālambanaparīkṣā of Dignāga'', Wŏnch’uk’s ''Commentary on the Saṃdhinirmocana-sūtra'', and the development of the Three-Nature theory (''trisvabhāva-nirdeśa'') in Yogâcāra. Among his publications are: his PhD dissertation, entitled “Yogâcāra Buddhism Transmitted or Transformed? Paramârtha (499-569 CE) and His Chinese Disciples” (2009); and journal articles such as "A Fundamental Difficulty Embedded in the Soteriology of Tathāgatagarbha Thought? – An Investigation Focusing on the ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' (2013), and "The Dharma-body as the Disclosure of Thusness: On the Characterization of the Dharma-body in the ''Nengduan jin’gang banruo boluomi jing shi''." (2014) (both written in Chinese). (Source: [https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Books/A_Distant_Mirror ''A Distant Mirror''], 530–31)tant_Mirror ''A Distant Mirror''], 530–31))
Chan, C. + (Chiwah Chan completed his PhD in Buddhist … Chiwah Chan completed his PhD in Buddhist Studies in 1993 with a dissertation on "The Formation of Orthodoxy in Sung Dynasty Buddhism: Chih-li and the T'ien-t'ai School." He has published widely on the Chinese Tiantai tradition. He has served as Librarian for the Chinese Collection at Yale University and as Adjunct Lecturer in Yale's Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures. Prior to that, he spent four years as a cataloger with the international cooperative Chinese Rare Books Project, based in the East Asian Library at Princeton University. He is now the Chinese Librarian at the University of Pennsylvania, where he selects scholarly resources to support the University's Chinese Studies program, organizes and supervises the technical processing of these materials, and provides specialized China-related reference and instructional services for faculty and students. ([https://www.international.ucla.edu/buddhist/person/1008 Source Accessed Sept 10, 2020])erson/1008 Source Accessed Sept 10, 2020]))
Nyima, Chökyi + (Chokyi Nyima Rinpoche is a world-renowned … Chokyi Nyima Rinpoche is a world-renowned teacher and meditation master in the Kagyu and Nyingma traditions of Tibetan Buddhism. He was born in Tibet in 1951 as the oldest son of his mother Kunsang Dechen, a devoted Buddhist practitioner, and his father Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, an accomplished master of Buddhist meditation. As a young child, Chokyi Nyima—"Sun of the Dharma"—was recognized as the 7th incarnation of the Tibetan meditation master Gar Drubchen.In 1959, following the Chinese occupation of Tibet, Rinpoche's family fled to India where Rinpoche spent his youth studying under some of Tibetan Buddhism’s most illustrious masters, such as His Holiness the 16th Gyalwang Karmapa, Kyabje Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, His Holiness Dudjom Rinpoche, Khunu Lama Tenzin Gyaltsen, and his father, Kyabje Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche.In 1974, Rinpoche left India to join his parents in Kathmandu, Nepal, where he assisted them in establishing Ka-Nying Shedrub Ling Monastery. Upon its completion in 1976, H.H. the Karmapa enthroned Chokyi Nyima Rinpoche as the monastery's abbot. To this day, Ka-Nying Shedrub Ling remains the heart of Rinpoche’s ever-growing mandala of activity. (Source: [https://shedrub.org/about-us/ Shedrub.org])ttps://shedrub.org/about-us/ Shedrub.org]))
Chos kyi 'od zer (Nom-un gerel) + (Chos kyi 'od zer (Nom-un gerel, Choiji Ods … Chos kyi 'od zer (Nom-un gerel, Choiji Odser, or Čosgi Odsir) was a Uighur scholar of the Sakya order who translated the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' into Mongolian in 1305 (other sources say 1312, see Baumann, 2008) and wrote a commentary on the text, of which only a fragment remains. According to Liland's MA thesis (2009), he flourished between 1305–1321. According to Alexander Berzin, "The first Buddhist text translated from Tibetan into Mongolian was Shantideva's ''Engaging in Bodhisattva Behavior'' (''Byang-chub sems-dpa’i spyod-pa-la ‘jug-pa'', Skt. ''Bodhisattvacaryavatara''). It was prepared by the Uighur translator Chokyi Ozer (Chos-kyi ‘od-zer), during the reign of the Mongol Yuan Emperor Khaisan Külüg (Chin. Wuzong, Wu-tsung, 1308–1311). ([https://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/history-culture/transmission-of-buddhism/traditional-guidelines-for-translating-buddhist-texts See Berzin]). Vesna Wallace also notes that he was this first to translate the ''Four Medical Tantras'' from Tibetan to Mongolian. His student was Shes rab seng ge.ngolian. His student was Shes rab seng ge.)
Jones, Christopher + (Chris Jones completed doctoral research at … Chris Jones completed doctoral research at the University of Oxford (St Peter’s College) in 2015, with a thesis that explored the language of selfhood (ātman) in relation to teachings about buddha-nature in Indian Buddhist literature. The thesis was awarded the Khyentse Foundation Award for outstanding doctoral research produced in Europe, and was the foundation for his first monograph – The Buddhist Self: On Tathāgatagarbha and Ātman. Jones spent three further years researching and teaching at Oxford as a Postdoctoral Fellow of the British Academy, and is now on a UK Arts and Humanities Research Project connected to the University of Cambridge, associated also with the University of Edinburgh. His continuing research concerns predominantly Mahāyāna Buddhist thought as preserved across Sanskrit, Chinese and Tibetan literature, as well as the boundaries and interactions between Buddhism and other religious traditions in India and elsewhere. (Personal Communication, September 2021]) (Personal Communication, September 2021]))
Kang, C. + (Chris Kang is Professor in Religion and Co … Chris Kang is Professor in Religion and Contemplative Studies – an independent scholar with special interest in Christian theology and Asian philosophies. He is founder of Awarezen, a digital meditation centre and academy providing online courses on meditation and spirituality for human flourishing and transcendence beyond religious boundaries. He received his PhD in Studies in Religion from The University of Queensland (Australia) in 2003. For nearly two decades, Chris has lectured in Australia at The University of Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland University of Technology, Nan Tien Institute, Queensland Health, and various Buddhist centres. Chris has over 15 years of clinical occupational therapy practice in Australia and Singapore. As a Singapore Government Public Service Commission scholar, he was awarded a Bachelor of Occupational Therapy with First Class Honours from The University of Queensland in 1993. He received a Postgraduate Certificate in International Relations with Dean's Commendation in 2009, also from The University of Queensland. In 2008, he was invited by Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd and Professor Glyn Davis as one of 1,000 delegates to the Australia 2020 Summit at Parliament House, Canberra. Professionally, he is certified in Neurosemantics (2003) and Meta-Coaching (2004) from the International Society of Neurosemantics (USA) and Meta-Coach Foundation (USA). From 2016 to 2018, he was Assistant Professor in Health and Social Sciences (Occupational Therapy) at the Singapore Institute of Technology.Chris directs his academic research and teaching at Asian Centre for Creative Theology. His current research program focuses on Christian theology and Reformed epistemology in comparisons with Buddhist, Confucianist, Daoist, Hindu, and Tantric philosophies from an Asia-centric perspective pivoting on China and India. He also has scholarly interests in Arabic and Continental philosophy. He has over 200 publications and presentations including seven books in Asian and Biblical contemplative wisdoms. His books include ''One in Christ'' (2019), ''The Tantra of Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar: Critical Comparisons and Dialogical Perspectives'' (2017), ''Resting in Christ'' (2015), ''Growing in Christ'' (2015), ''Reclaiming Dhamma: Teachings on Critical Buddhism'' (2014), ''Dhamma Stream: A Garland of Writings on Dhamma, Self, and Society'' (2013), ''Wise Mind Warm Heart'' (2010), and ''The Meditative Way: Readings in the Theory and Practice of Buddhist Meditation'' (1997; co-edited with Rod Bucknell). His academic articles have appeared in ''Asian Journal of Occupational Therapy''; ''Australian Occupational Therapy Journal''; ''Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy''; ''Contemplativa: Journal of Contemplative Studies''; ''Journal of Buddhist Ethics''; ''Mindfulness''; ''Philosophy East and West''; and ''Journal of Reformed Theology''. He is general editor of an open access, open peer review journal ''Contemplativa: Journal of Contemplative Studies''.ativa: Journal of Contemplative Studies''.)
Charrier, C. + (Christian Charrier holds a Masters degree … Christian Charrier holds a Masters degree in English and a diploma in psycholinguistics. He was a translator for Geshe Tengye in France, and he completed a three-year retreat under Lama Gendun Rinpoche in le Bost, France. He has been a translation consultant for Tsadra Foundation from 2002–2003 and has been a Tsadra Foundation Fellow since 2004.'''Current Projects as a Tsadra Foundation Fellow:''' *''Le Voyage et son but'', Jamgön Kongtrul*''La pratique des tantras bouddhistes'', Jamgön Kongtrul'''Completed Projects as a Tsadra Foundation Fellow:''' *''Marpa, maître de Milarépa, sa vie, ses chants'', Tsang Nyeun Hérouka*''Vie de Jamgœun Kongtrul, écrite par lui-même'', Jamgön Kongtrul*''L’Ondée de sagesse, Chants de la lignée Kagyu'', Karmapa Mikyeu Dorje, Tènpai Nyinjé*''Rayons de lune, Les étapes de la méditation du Mahamudra'', Dakpo Tashi Namgyal*''Au Coeur du ciel Vol I and II'', Pawo Rinpoche, the Eighth Karmapa Mikyö Dorje (from the English translation by Karl Brunnhölzl – ''The Centre of the Sunlit Sky'')*''Lumière de diamant'', de Dakpo Tashi Namgyal*''Mémoires: La Vie et l’œuvre de Jamgön Kongtrul'', by Jamgön Kongtrul, new edition*''Traité de la Continuité suprême du Grand Véhicule - Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra, avec le commentaire de Jamgön Kongtrul Lodreu Thayé L'Incontestable Rugissement du lion''. Plazac: Éditions Padmakara, 2019.*''Les Systèmes Philosophiques Bouddhistes'', Éditions Padmakara, 2020.'''Previously Published Translations:''' *''Kalachakra'', Dalai Lama*''La Roue aux lames acérées'', Dharmarakshita, commentary by Geshé Tengyé*''La Voie progressive vers l’éveil'', Jé Tsong Khapa ([http://tsadra-wp.tsadra.org/translators/christian-charrier/ Source: Tsadra.org])dra.org/translators/christian-charrier/ Source: Tsadra.org]))
Lindtner, C. + (Christian Lindtner is Danish citizen, born … Christian Lindtner is Danish citizen, born in 1949. He received his PhD in Buddhist Studies in 1982 from the University of Copenhagen. He has published numerous books of translations from Oriental languages and edited many texts – mainly philosophical – for the first time from original manuscripts in Sanskrit and Tibetan (discovered in libraries in Tibet, Mongolia, and India). He has been a contributor to many learned journals (history of religions, philosophy, history, philology). He has taught and lectured at many universities in Europe, USA, and Asia. ([https://codoh.com/library/authors/lindtner-christian/ Adapted from Source Feb 26, 2021])istian/ Adapted from Source Feb 26, 2021]))
Baumer, C. + (Christoph Baumer is a Swiss scholar and ex … Christoph Baumer is a Swiss scholar and explorer. From 1984 onwards, he has conducted explorations in Central Asia, China and Tibet, the results of which have been published in numerous books, scholarly publications and radio programs. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Baumer Wikipedia])edia.org/wiki/Christoph_Baumer Wikipedia]))
Kelley, C. + (Christopher “Doc” Kelley received a PhD in … Christopher “Doc” Kelley received a PhD in Religion from Columbia University where he studied Indo-Tibetan Buddhism with Robert A. F. Thurman. He is a scholar of Buddhism and an adjunct professor in religious studies at Eugene Lang College of Liberal Arts, The New School University. He is also the co-founder of Consciousness Hacking NYC, and a founder and co-facilitator of Psychedelic Sangha. ([https://menla.org/teachers/dr-christopher-kelley/ Source Accessed May 13, 2021])her-kelley/ Source Accessed May 13, 2021]))
Chos rje gling pa + (Chöje Lingpa, also known as Rokje Lingpa a … Chöje Lingpa, also known as Rokje Lingpa as well as several other names, was initially recognized as the rebirth of a Kagyu master by the Seventh Shamarpa and installed at Rechung Phuk, an institution named after Milarepa's disciple Rechungpa and the site where Tsangnyön Heruka wrote his famous biography of Milarepa. Though Chöje Lingpa he would become an important teacher to several important Kagyu hierarchs including the Karmapa and Shamarpa, he we also involved with several Nyingma masters, including the tertön Taksham Nuden Dorje who granted him prophecies and made him the steward of his treasures. He would become a prolific tertön in his own right and came to be considered the penultimate emanation of Gyalse Lhaje, prior to his rebirth as Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo.to his rebirth as Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo.)
Regamey, K. + (Constantin Regamey (28 January 1907 – 27 D … Constantin Regamey (28 January 1907 – 27 December 1982) was a philologist, Orientalist, musician, composer, and critic. He was a significant presence among intellectual and artistic circles in Warsaw during the 1930s and later a professor at the Universities of Lausanne and Fribourg.Born in Kiev of Swiss and Polish ancestry, at the age of 13 Regamey moved to Warsaw, where he studied piano with Józef Turczyński and music theory with Felicjan Szopski. In 1931, he received a degree from the University of Warsaw in oriental and classical philology. He became a lecturer there in 1936. In 1937 he married Anna Janina Kucharska - a student of Romance Philology at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. From 1937 to 1939, he edited the magazine Muzyka Polska and was very active as a music critic.Regamey remained in Poland during the Second World War. Under the pseudonym Czesław Drogowski, he engaged with underground resistance organizations as a courier in the Army. During the war he continued to be active in the musical life of Warsaw, playing in bars and cafes and participating in the International Society for Contemporary Music. He also taught himself the principles of composition and began composing seriously in 1942. He later studied composition formally with Kazimierz Sikorski. In 1944 he completed a quintet for clarinet, bassoon, violin, cello and piano that was admired by Witold Lutosławski. Regamey utilizes twelve-tone technique in this piece, among the first composers in Poland to do so.Following the defeat of the Warsaw Uprising in October 1944, he moved to Lausanne, Switzerland. In 1945, he became professor of Slavic and Oriental languages at the University of Lausanne. He also taught linguistics at the University of Fribourg beginning in 1946. During this time he delivered lectures abroad in India and Egypt and published books and articles on oriental philology and Buddhist philosophy. He continued to compose, many of his works being premiered by the Swiss conductor Paul Sacher. His works were also performed at the Donaueschingen Festival. From 1963 to 1968 he was President of the Schweizerische Tonkünstlerverein. Regamey died in 1982, four years after his retirement. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_Regamey Source Accessed Sep 3, 2021])ntin_Regamey Source Accessed Sep 3, 2021]))
Dahl, C. + (Cortland J. Dahl received a Ph.D. in Mind, … Cortland J. Dahl received a Ph.D. in Mind, Brain and Contemplative Science from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and also completed an MA degree in Buddhist Studies and Tibetan language at Naropa University. He has worked as an instructor at Kathmandu University's Center for Buddhist Studies, located in Kathmandu, as well as an interpreter for various lamas, including Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche and Yongey Mingyur Rinpoche. He currently serves as president of Tergar International and as a senior instructor in the Tergar Meditation Community. He lives with his wife and son in Madison, Wisconsin.th his wife and son in Madison, Wisconsin.)
Jamieson, R. + (Craig Jamieson is Keeper of Sanskrit Manus … Craig Jamieson is Keeper of Sanskrit Manuscripts at the University of Cambridge. Before Cambridge he taught Buddhism in the Study of Religion Department at the University of Leicester. His best-known works are ''Perfection of Wisdom'', which has a preface by the Dalai Lama, and ''Nagarjuna's Verses''. A facsimile edition of the Lotus Sutra made available in print two Cambridge palm leaf manuscripts from around one thousand years ago, Add. 1682 and Add. 1683. A major exhibition took place in 2014 entitled Buddha's Word: The Life of Books in Tibet and Beyond. A short video of the Perfection of Wisdom manuscript came out in 2017. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_Jamieson Adapted from Source Mar 10, 2021])amieson Adapted from Source Mar 10, 2021]))
Tarchin, Dorje + (Creator of The Tibetan Mirror, Tibetan language periodical)
Yates, J. + (Culadasa (John Yates, Ph.D.) is the direct … Culadasa (John Yates, Ph.D.) is the director of Dharma Treasure Buddhist Sangha in Tucson, Arizona and author of The Mind Illuminated: A Complete Meditation Guide Using Buddhist Wisdom and Brain Science (Dharma Treasure Press, October 6, 2015). A meditation master with over four decades of experience in the Tibetan and Theravadin Buddhist traditions, Culadasa was ordained as an Upasaka (dedicated lay-practitioner) in 1976 and received ordination in the International Order of Buddhist ministers in Rosemead, California in December 2009.His principle teachers were Upasaka Kema Ananda and the Venerable Jotidhamma Bhikkhu, both trained in the Theravadin and Tibetan Karma Kagyu traditions with lineage to the Venerable Ananda Bodhi (later recognized by the 16th Gyalwa Karmapa as the tulku Namgyal Rinpoche).For many years, Culadasa taught physiology and neuroscience and worked at the forefront of the new fields of complementary healthcare education, physical medicine, and therapeutic massage. His unique lineage allows Culadasa to provide his students with a broad and in-depth perspective on the Buddha Dharma. He combines the original teachings of the Buddha with an emerging, scientific understanding of the mind to give students a rich and rare opportunity for rapid progress and profound insight.In 1996, Culadasa retired from academia and moved with his wife Nancy into an old Apache stronghold in the southeastern Arizona wilderness to live a contemplative life and deepen their spiritual practice together. Culadasa leads retreats on his land in Arizona and across the United States. Source[http://culadasa.com/about/]ates. Source[http://culadasa.com/about/])
Nguyen, C. + (Cuong Tu Nguyen received his PhD from Harv … Cuong Tu Nguyen received his PhD from Harvard University (specializing in Indian Buddhism). His works on Vietnamese Buddhism include "Rethinking Vietnamese Buddhist History: Is the ''Then Uyen Tap Anh'' a 'Transmission of the Lamp Text'?" "Tran Thai Tong and Khoa Hu Lue: A Study of Syncretic Ch'an in 13th Century Vietnam," and ''Zen in Medieval Vietnam: A Study and Translation of the Thien Uyen Tap Anh.'' With A. Charles Muller he co-edited ''Wonhyo's Philosophy of Mind'', Volume II, (University of Hawai'i Press). He is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies at George Mason University.igious Studies at George Mason University.)
Martin, D. + (Currently a literary translator for The In … Currently a literary translator for The Institute of Tibetan Classics, Dan Martin completed his doctoral degree in Tibetan Studies with minors in Religious Studies and Anthropology at the Department of Central Eurasian Studies in 1991. He has taught courses as a Visiting Lecturer at Indiana, Hamburg, and Harvard Universities. He has held research positions in Bloomington, Oslo, and Jerusalem. His publications include over 30 articles as well as books entitled ''Mandala Cosmogony'', Harrassowitz (Wiesbaden 1994), ''Unearthing Bon Treasures'', Brill (Leiden 2001), and the bibliography ''Tibetan Histories'', Serindia (London 1997). His main areas of research fall within the realm of the cultural history of Tibet, from the tenth century to the twentieth. His interests are in Indian and Tibetan literature, medicine and religions, as well as Eurasian interconnections in the same fields. These days he is finalizing a translation of a 400-page history of Buddhism in India and Tibet composed in the late 13th century. ([https://iias.huji.ac.il/people/dan-martin Source Accessed Aug 3, 2020])e/dan-martin Source Accessed Aug 3, 2020]))
Osto, D. + (D.E. Osto (a.k.a. 'Douglas Osto', 'Dr D', … D.E. Osto (a.k.a. 'Douglas Osto', 'Dr D', or 'Dee' to friends; pronouns: they/them) is a member of the Philosophy Programme in the School of Humanities, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. D specializes in Indian Mahayana Buddhism, South Asian religions and philosophies, contemporary Buddhist and Hindu practice. ([https://massey.academia.edu/DouglasOsto Source Accessed June 1, 2021])DouglasOsto Source Accessed June 1, 2021]))
Altner, D. + (DIANA ALTNER is a postdoctoral student at the Institute of Asian and African Studies, Humboldt University in Berlin. Her research focuses on infrastructure development and the transformation of everyday life in central Tibet.)
Ermakov, D. + (DMITRY ERMAKOV was born in 1967 in Leningr … DMITRY ERMAKOV was born in 1967 in Leningrad, Soviet Union, and trained as a classical musician from the age of six. He was raised in a highly cultural environment, attending after-school classes on ancient history, mythology and art history at the prestigious Hermitage Museum. During his summer holidays he often participated in archaeological digs led by his aunt, the former Head of Archaeology at Kiev University. In 1987 Dmitry joined the University of Leningrad's expedition to Khakassia near the Tuvan (Tyvan) border to excavate Scythian Kurgans. This was his first trip to Siberia.His interest in Buddhism began in his childhood, with a book called Gods of the Lotus by Parfionov. The book details the author's trip to the Himalayas and it opened up a whole new world of deities and religions. Later, this interest was combined with martial arts based on Taoism and Zen philosophy, and Qi Gong, disciplines which were strictly forbidden in the Soviet Union. It was only with the coming of Perestroika in 1989 that Dmitry was able to meet Buddhist masters: receiving a blessing for the Lotus Sutra from a Japanese Zen master; and then teachings and initiations from a Tibetan Buddhist lamas: Bakula Rinpoche (1989), Khenchen Palden Sherab and Khenpo Tsewang Dongyal Rinpoches (1991), Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche (1992). In 1993 Dmitry moved to the UK and in 1995 he met the great Bönpo master Yongdzin Lopon Tenzin Namdak Rinpoche. He has been practising Yungdrung Bon and attending Yongdzin Rinpoche's teachings ever since.Dmitry first visited Buryatia in 1990 where he struck up a deep friendship with the Buddhist thangka-painter Batodalai Doogarov as well as with a several of the local bo and utgan shamans. Welcomed into their circle, Dmitry was able to gain unique insight into the Buryatian spiritual tradition of Bo Murgel, insight which developed into a detailed study of the similarities and differences between this ancient tradition and Yungdrung Bon. With the patient help of Yongdzin Rinpoche, Dmitry spent years researching a large anthology, Bo and Bon: Ancient Shamanic Traditions of Siberia and Tibet in their Relation to the Teachings of a Central Asian Buddha, (2008), which sheds new light on both traditions. Dmitry went on to study Tibetan at Oxford University with Prof. Charles Ramble (2009-2010) and, as well as having articles published in both English and Russian, has been invited to lecture in Oxford, London, St. Petersburg, Vilnius, Cagliari, Budapest etc. His knowledge of Tibetan brings a new level of scholarship to the books and transcripts he and his wife Carol produce for the international Bonpo sangha.Dmitry currently lives in the North Pennines, UK, where he works as a freelance translator. Alongside his work for the Bon tradition, he is currently composing pieces for a new fusion album.y composing pieces for a new fusion album.)
Daehaeng + (Daehaeng Kun Sunim (대행, 大行; 1927–2012) was … Daehaeng Kun Sunim (대행, 大行; 1927–2012) was a Korean Buddhist nun and Seon (禪) master. She taught monks as well as nuns, and helped to increase the participation of young people and men in Korean Buddhism. She made laypeople a particular focus of her efforts, and broke out of traditional models of spiritual practice, teaching so that anyone could practice, regardless of monastic status or gender. She was also a major force for the advancement of Bhikkunis (nuns), heavily supporting traditional nuns’ colleges as well as the modern Bhikkuni Council of Korea. The temple she founded, Hanmaum Seon Center, grew to have 15 branches in Korea, with another 10 branches in other countries. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daehaeng Source Accessed Nov 24, 2020])ki/Daehaeng Source Accessed Nov 24, 2020]))
Huineng + (Dajian Huineng (traditional Chinese: 大鑒惠能; … Dajian Huineng (traditional Chinese: 大鑒惠能; pinyin: Dàjiàn Huìnéng; Wade–Giles: Ta-chien; Japanese: Daikan Enō; Korean: Hyeneung); (February 27, 638 – August 28, 713), also commonly known as the Sixth Patriarch or Sixth Ancestor of Chan (traditional Chinese: 禪宗六祖), is a semi-legendary but central figure in the early history of Chinese Chan Buddhism. According to tradition he was an uneducated layman who suddenly attained awakening upon hearing the ''Diamond Sutra''. Despite his lack of formal training, he demonstrated his understanding to the fifth patriarch, Daman Hongren, who then supposedly chose Huineng as his true successor instead of his publicly known selection of Yuquan Shenxiu.Twentieth century scholarship revealed that the story of Huineng's Buddhist career was likely invented by the monk Heze Shenhui, who claimed to be one of Huineng's disciples and was highly critical of Shenxiu's teaching.Huineng is regarded as the founder of the "Sudden Enlightenment" Southern Chan school of Buddhism, which focuses on an immediate and direct attainment of Buddhist enlightenment. ''The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch'' (六祖壇經), which is said to be a record of his teachings, is a highly influential text in the East Asian Buddhist tradition. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huineng Source Accessed July 14, 2021])ki/Huineng Source Accessed July 14, 2021]))
Arnold, D. + (Dan Arnold is a scholar of Indian Buddhist … Dan Arnold is a scholar of Indian Buddhist philosophy, which he engages in a constructive and comparative way. Considering Indian Buddhist philosophy as integral to the broader tradition of Indian philosophy, he has particularly focused on topics at issue among Buddhist schools of thought (chiefly, those centering on the works of Nāgārjuna and of Dharmakīrti), often considering these in conversation with critics from the orthodox Brahmanical school of Pūrva Mīmāṃsā. His first book – ''Buddhists, Brahmins, and Belief: Epistemology in South Asian Philosophy of Religion'' (Columbia University Press, 2005) – won an American Academy of Religion Award for Excellence in the Study of Religion. His second book – ''Brains, Buddhas, and Believing: The Problem of Intentionality in Classical Buddhist and Cognitive-Scientific Philosophy of Mind'' (Columbia University Press, 2012) – centers on the contemporary philosophical category of intentionality, taken as useful in thinking through central issues in classical Buddhist epistemology and philosophy of mind. This book received the Toshihide Numata Book Prize in Buddhism, awarded by the Center for Buddhist Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. He is presently working on an anthology of Madhyamaka texts in translation, to appear in the series "Historical Sourcebooks in Classical Indian Thought." His essays have appeared in such journals as ''Philosophy East and West'', the ''Journal of Indian Philosophy'', ''Asian Philosophy'', the ''Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies'', the ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', and ''Revue Internationale de Philosophie''. ([https://salc.uchicago.edu/daniel-arnold Source Accessed Jul 13, 2020])niel-arnold Source Accessed Jul 13, 2020]))
Cozort, D. + (Dan Cozort grew up in North Dakota, where … Dan Cozort grew up in North Dakota, where he ran cross-country and track and was a successful debater and extemporaneous speaker. At Brown University he majored in religious studies, specializing in Christian theology and ethics. At the graduate school of the University of Virginia, he specialized in Buddhism, learned Tibetan and Sanskrit, and began his collaboration with Tibetan lamas. He did a year of fieldwork in India, traveling broadly and staying in Tibetan monasteries. His teaching career began with a two-year appointment at Bates College in Maine. Coming to Dickinson in 1988, he proposed that the College join the South India Term Abroad consortium, which he directed in Madurai, south India, in 1992-93. In 1991 he organized the Festival of Tibet at Dickinson, which included an art exhibit he curated and was the initial occasion in which Tibetan monks constructed a Buddhist sand painting in the Trout Gallery. The monks returned in 1995 to construct another; he collaborated with Prof. Lonna Malmsheimer on a film to document it. In 2000 he began to teach in the Norwich Humanities Programme in England and in 2003-2005 he was its resident director. Prof. Cozort’s teaching is principally in the area of comparative religion, where he offers courses on Buddhism and Hinduism. However, he has also taught about Native American religions, about love and sex in relation to religion, about happiness, and has taught a variety of courses in the theory of religious studies. Currently, in addition to introductory courses, he frequently offers “Contemplative Practices in Asia,” “Buddhism and the Environment,” and “Spiritual Dimensions of Healing,” a course on the relation of religion and medicine. He is the author of six books: Highest Yoga tantra, Buddhist Philosophy, Unique Tenets of the Middle Way Consequence School, Sand Mandala of Vajrabhairava, Sadhana of Mahakala, and Enlightenment Through Imagination. He also edited the Oxford Handbook of Buddhist Ethics.He has also written numerous book chapters and articles and a film script. From 2006 to 2019, he was the Editor of the Journal of Buddhist Ethics. ([https://www.dickinson.edu/site/custom_scripts/dc_faculty_profile_index.php?fac=cozort Source Accessed Apr 14, 2021])?fac=cozort Source Accessed Apr 14, 2021]))
Yü, D. + (Dan Smyer Yü is Kuige Professor of Ethnolo … Dan Smyer Yü is Kuige Professor of Ethnology, School of Ethnology and Sociology and the National Centre for Borderlands Ethnic Studies in Southwest China at Yunnan University. He received his Ph.D. in anthropology from the University of California at Davis in 2006. Prior to his current faculty appointment, he was the Founding Director of the Center for Trans-Himalayan Studies at Yunnan Minzu University, a Senior Researcher/Research Group Leader at the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity, a core member of the Transregional Research Network (CETREN) at University of Göttingen, and a New Millennium Scholar at Minzu University of China, Beijing. He is the author of ''The Spread of Tibetan Buddhism in China: Charisma, Money, Enlightenment'' (Routledge 2011) and ''Mindscaping the Landscape of Tibet: Place, Memorability, Eco-aesthetics'' (De Gruyter 2015), and the co-editor of ''Religion and Ecological Sustainability in China'' (Routledge 2014) and ''Trans-Himalayan Borderlands: Livelihoods, Territorialities, Modernities'' (Amsterdam University Press 2017). His research interests are religion and ecology, environmental humanities, trans-Himalayan studies, sacred landscapes, climate change and mass migration, modern Tibetan studies, and comparative studies of Eurasian secularisms. His externally funded projects are "Trans-Himalayan Environmental Humanities" (ICIMOD), "India-China Corridor Project" (the Swedish Research Council), "Cultural and Ecological Diversity of the Trans-Himalayas in the Context of China’s Belt and Road Initiative" (National Social Sciences Foundation of China), and "Sustainable Lives in Scarred Landscapes: Heritage, Environment, and Violence in the China-Myanmar Jade Trade" (The British Academy Sustainable Development Program). ([https://www.issrnc.org/2020/06/04/meet-issrnc-board-member-dan-smyer-yu/ Source Accessed Aug 10, 2020])n-smyer-yu/ Source Accessed Aug 10, 2020]))
Boucher, D. + (Daniel Boucher's scholarly focus is Buddhi … Daniel Boucher's scholarly focus is Buddhist studies, particularly the early development of the cluster of Indian Buddhist movements called the Mahayana and their transmission to China in the first few centuries of the Common Era. His related interests include translation as a religious genre, with special focus on the earliest translations of Buddhist texts into Chinese; Buddhist Middle Indo-Aryan, particularly the role of Gandhari Prakrit in the earliest transmission of Buddhism to Central Asia and China; art historical, epigraphical, and archeological materials as sources for the study of religion; and history, theory, and methods in the academic study of religion. ([https://religious-studies.cornell.edu/daniel-boucher Source Accessed May 20, 2021])iel-boucher Source Accessed May 20, 2021]))
Ingalls, Daniel H. + (Daniel Henry Holmes Ingalls, Sr., was Wales Professor of Sanskrit, Emeritus, at Harvard University. source: ([https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674039506&content=bios Harvard University Press]))
Stuart, D. + (Daniel Stuart is a scholar of South Asian … Daniel Stuart is a scholar of South Asian religions, literary cultures, and meditation traditions who specializes in the texts and practices of the Buddhist tradition. He has worked extensively on sutra literature and Buddhist manuscripts in various Asian languages and scripts. He is particularly interested in the interrelationships between Buddhist practice traditions, theories of mind, and scriptural production in premodern and modern India. ([https://sam.research.sc.edu/uscera/facultyExpertise/cv/32657;jsessionid=F72AFD048453AE0C3FF4F670126B8062 Source Accessed 26 Jan 2015])F670126B8062 Source Accessed 26 Jan 2015]))
Aitken, D. + (Daniel is an experienced business executiv … Daniel is an experienced business executive with over a decade of insights gathered from corporate and consumer marketing executive roles working for multinationals such as Canon, and large financial firms such as Westpac. While pursuing his marketing career, Daniel continued to foster his life long interest in Tibetan Buddhism, the Tibetan language, and its literature. This has taken him across Australia, America, India, Nepal, and Tibet to pursue a deeper understanding of Buddhist theory and practice with masters from the living tradition. Daniel also reads Sanskrit and Tibetan and has a PhD in Buddhist Philosophy. ([https://wisdomexperience.org/about/ Source Accessed Apr 9, 2021])e.org/about/ Source Accessed Apr 9, 2021]))
Cummiskey, D. + (David Cummiskey teaches courses on biomedi … David Cummiskey teaches courses on biomedical ethics, philosophy of law, and seminars on moral theory, contemporary liberalism, and Buddhist philosophy. His research and publications focus on Kantian and consequentialist approaches to moral philosophy, political philosophy, and intercultural ethics and bioethics. His most recent articles discuss the relationship between Buddhist and Kantian ethics, and Buddhist environmental ethics and political philosophy. He is currently working on a series of articles that develop the relationships among Buddhist perfectionism, emergent conceptions of agency, compatibilist conceptions of free will, Kantian accounts of self-constitution, and Humean constructivism. ([https://www.bates.edu/faculty-expertise/profile/david-r-cummiskey/ Source Accessed May 18, 2021])-cummiskey/ Source Accessed May 18, 2021]))
Cooper, D. + (David E. Cooper is a British author and ph … David E. Cooper is a British author and philosopher. He was brought up in Surrey and educated at Highgate School and then Oxford University, where he was given his first job in 1967, as a Lecturer in Philosophy. He went on to teach at the universities of Miami, London and Surrey before being appointed, in 1986, as Professor of Philosophy at Durham University – where he remained until retiring in 2008. During his academic career, David was a Visiting Professor at universities in the United States, Canada, Malta, Sri Lanka and South Africa. Cooper is the former Chair (or President) of the Aristotelian Society, the Mind Association, the Friedrich Nietzsche Society, and the Philosophy of Education Society of Great Britain. He is Secretary and a Trustee of the charity Project Sri Lanka, and he spends time each year visiting and supervising educational and humanitarian projects.Cooper has published across a broad range of philosophical subjects, including philosophy of language, philosophy of education, ethics, aesthetics, environmental philosophy, animal ethics, philosophy of technology, philosophy of religion, history of both Western philosophy and Asian philosophy, and modern European philosophy, especially Heidegger, Nietzsche, and Wittgenstein. In recent years, Cooper has written widely on environmental and Buddhist aesthetics, music and nature, the relationship of beauty and virtue, cultures of food, the significance of gardens, Daoism, our relationship to animals, and the notion of mystery.Cooper is the author of a number of books, including ''World Philosophies: An Historical Introduction''; ''Meaning''; ''Existentialism: A Reconstruction''; ''The Measure of Things: Humanism, Humility and Mystery''; ''A Philosophy of Gardens''; ''Convergence with Nature: A Daoist Perspective''; ''Senses of Mystery: Engaging with Nature and the Meaning of Life''; and ''Animals and Misanthropy''. He has also edited a number of collections, including ''Blackwell Companion to Aesthetics''; ''Philosophy: The Classic Readings''; ''Epistemology: The Classic Readings''; ''Ethics: The Classic Readings''; and ''Aesthetics: The Classic Readings'' – the latter four notable for their inclusion of material from the Indian and Chinese traditions. He is joint editor of ''Key Thinkers on the Environment''. Cooper is a regular reviewer of books for magazines, including ''The Times Literary Supplement'' and ''The Los Angeles Review of Books''. He is also the author of three novels, all set in Sri Lanka: ''Street Dog: A Sri Lankan Story'', its sequel, ''Old Stripe'', and ''A Shot on the Beach''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_E._Cooper Source Accessed Mar 12, 2021])d_E._Cooper Source Accessed Mar 12, 2021]))
Ellerton, D. + (David Ellerton grew up in Denver, Colorado … David Ellerton grew up in Denver, Colorado, and took his first Shambhala Training level in 1995 after reading several of Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche’s books. A few years later he met Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche in Boulder and in 1999 participated in Seminary and Warriors Assembly. The following year he attended Kalapa Assembly. After a year on staff at Shambhala Mountain Center, he travelled with the Sakyong as a Continuity Kusung and Secretary (2001-2002). In 2004 he moved to Japan, where he taught English and continued his study of Japanese and Aikido, which he began practicing as an undergraduate student in Boulder.Upon returning to the United States he enrolled in [[Naropa University]]’s M.A. program in Indo-Tibetan Buddhism (Shedra Track), and began his study of Tibetan. During this time he received the Vajrayogini Abhisheka from the Sakyong. After graduating, he spent much of 2008 in both India and Nepal studying Tibetan and receiving commentary on the Uttaratantra Shastra at Pullahari Monastery. In 2008 he began a Ph.D. program in Religious Studies at [[University of California, Santa Barbara]]. He is currently a Ph.D. Candidate at UCSB and is conducting his dissertation research on Tibetan prophecy (lung bstan) at the [[Central University of Tibetan Studies]] in India. ([http://nalandatranslation.org/who-we-are/members/david-ellerton/ Source Accessed May 26, 2015])d-ellerton/ Source Accessed May 26, 2015]))
Germano, D. + (David Germano is the Executive Director of … David Germano is the Executive Director of the Contemplative Sciences Center. He has taught and researched Tibetan and Buddhist Studies at the University of Virginia since 1992. In this context, he works extensively with each of the eleven schools at UVA to explore learning, research, and engagement initiatives regarding contemplation in their own disciplinary and professional areas. He is currently focused on the exploration of contemplative ideas, values, and practices involving humanistic and scientific methodologies, as well as new applications in diverse fields; he also holds a faculty appointment in the School of Nursing. He is one of the co-leaders of the Student Flourishing Initiative, a three-way partnership with UVA, the University of Wisconsin, and Penn State University, as well as the lead organizer of an international research community of scholars and translators specializing in the Great Perfection (Dzokchen) tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. ([http://uvacontemplation.org/content/david-germano Source Accessed June 11, 2019])id-germano Source Accessed June 11, 2019]))
Gray, D. + (David Gray received his B.A. in Religious … David Gray received his B.A. in Religious Studies from Wesleyan University and his M.A. and Ph.D. in the History of Religion from Columbia University. His research explores the development of tantric Buddhist traditions in South Asia, and their dissemination in Tibet and East Asia, with a focus on the Yogin?tantras, a genre of Buddhist tantric literature that focused on female deities and yogic practices involving the subtle body. He focuses particularly on the Cakrasamvara Tantra, an esoteric Indian Buddhist scripture that serves as the basis for a number of important Nepali and Tibetan Buddhist practice traditions. ([https://www.scu.edu/cas/religious-studies/faculty--staff/david-gray/ Source Accessed Dec 3, 2019])[https://www.scu.edu/media/college-of-arts-and-sciences/religious-studies/cvs/GrayCV1.pdf Curriculum Vitae]-studies/cvs/GrayCV1.pdf Curriculum Vitae])
Kalupahana, D. + (David J. Kalupahana (1936–2014) was a Budd … David J. Kalupahana (1936–2014) was a Buddhist scholar from Sri Lanka. He was a student of the late K.N. Jayatilleke, who was a student of Wittgenstein. He wrote mainly about epistemology, theory of language, and compared later Buddhist philosophical texts against the earliest texts and tried to present interpretations that were both historically contextualized and also compatible with the earliest texts, and in doing so, he encouraged Theravadin Buddhists and scholars to reevaluate the legitimacy of later, Mahayana texts and consider them more sympathetically.Born in Galle District, Southern Sri Lanka, Kalupahana attended Mahinda College, Galle for his school education. He obtained his BA (Sri Lanka, 1959), Ph.D (London), and D. Litt (Hon. Peradeniya, Sri Lanka). He was Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Hawaii. He was assistant lecturer in Pali and Buddhist Civilization at the University of Ceylon, and studied Chinese and Tibetan at the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London where he completed a Ph.D. dissertation on the problem of causality in the Pali Nikayas and Chinese Agamas in 1966.He left the University of Ceylon (1972) to join the University of Hawaii, serving as the Chairman of the Department of Philosophy and Chairman of the Graduate Field in Philosophy (1974–80). He directed international intra-religious conferences on Buddhism, and on Buddhism and Peace.Many of his books are published and widely available in India (by Motilal Banarsidass and others), and therefore presumably have a fairly significant influence on the fields of Buddhism and Buddhist Studies in India and other nearby South Asian countries, such as his native Sri Lanka. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Kalupahana Source Accessed Apr 21, 2021])_Kalupahana Source Accessed Apr 21, 2021]))
Jones, D. + (David Jones is professor of philosophy and … David Jones is professor of philosophy and editor of ''Comparative and Continental Philosophy'' (Taylor and Francis), the founding editor of ''East-West Connections'' from 2000 to 2013, and the editor of the ''Series on Comparative and Continental Philosophy''. In 2013 and 2015 he was Visiting Scholar at the Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences at National Taiwan University and has been a visiting professor at the University of Cape Coast in Ghana, Visiting Professor of Chinese Philosophy at the University of North Georgia, and Visiting Professor of Confucian Classics at Emory. From 1996 to 2008 he was the director of the Center for the Development of Asian Studies, which was a Southeast regional center of the Asian Studies Development Program of the East-West Center in Honolulu. Under his direction, CDAS coordinated a number of faculty development workshops and organized conferences and programs on Asia for faculty and the public in Atlanta, the Southeast, and nationally. David Jones was the president of the highly regarded Comparative and Continental Philosophy Circle for the last twelve years. ([http://ksuweb.kennesaw.edu/~djones/index.htm Source Accessed Mar 17, 2020])s/index.htm Source Accessed Mar 17, 2020]))
Kittelstrom, D. + (David Kittelstrom is a senior editor at Wi … David Kittelstrom is a senior editor at Wisdom Publications, where he has worked since 1993, and staff editor for The Library of Tibetan Classics, Studies in Indian and Tibetan Buddhism, Teachings of the Buddha, and Classics of Indian Buddhism series. He is not himself a translator but has had the good fortune to work closely with many. ([http://conference-wp.tsadra.org/2017-conference/2017-speakers/ Source])rg/2017-conference/2017-speakers/ Source]))
Barnhill, D. + (David Landis Barnhill is the former Direct … David Landis Barnhill is the former Director of Environmental Studies at the University of Wisconsin at Oshkosh. He is the translator of ''Basho's Journey: The Literary Prose of Matsuo Basho'' (2005), ''Basho's Haiku: Selected Poems of Matsuo Basho'' (2004), and the coeditor (with Roger S. Gottlieb) of ''Deep Ecology and World Religions: New Essays on Sacred Ground'' (2001), all published by SUNY Press.und'' (2001), all published by SUNY Press.)
Snellgrove, D. + (David Llewellyn Snellgrove (29 June 1920 – … David Llewellyn Snellgrove (29 June 1920 – 25 March 2016) was a British Tibetologist noted for his pioneering work on Buddhism in Tibet as well as his many travelogues. Snellgrove was born in Portsmouth, Hampshire, and educated at Christ's Hospital near Horsham in West Sussex. He went on to study German and French at Southampton University. In 1941 he was called up to do his military service as a member of the Royal Engineers. He attended the Officers Cadet Training Unit in the Scottish seaside town of Dunbar, and was commissioned as an infantry officer. Thereafter he attended various intelligence courses and further training at the War Office in London, from where he requested a posting to India.Snellgrove arrived in Bombay in June 1943, and travelled cross-country to Calcutta. He was stationed at Barrackpore, some way up the Hooghly River. A few months after beginning his posting he contracted malaria and was sent to the military hospital at Lebong, just north of Darjeeling. It was while he was at Lebong that he began his future life's calling by purchasing some books about Tibet by Charles Bell as well as a Tibetan Grammar and Reader.Snellgrove returned to Darjeeling, from where he sometimes went on leave to Kalimpong. On one of these visits he took a young Tibetan into his personal employ in order to have someone with whom to practice speaking Tibetan. He also travelled in the small Himalayan state of Sikkim, and on one such visit he met Sir Basil Gould, who was then the British Representative for Tibet.[2] Inspired to work in Tibet, in 1946 after he left the Army he sat the entrance exams for the Indian Civil Service. This was the first time the exams had been held since the start of the war, and the last time they were ever held. Although he passed the exams, he was not able to take up an appointment in India. Having already begun to study Tibetan, he resolved to find a university where he could further his studies. However, as no university offered courses in Tibetan at that time he was convinced by Sir Harold Bailey that a sound knowledge of Sanskrit and Pali would be beneficial, so he gained entry to Queens' College, Cambridge in October 1946. While at Cambridge, he converted to Roman Catholicism, in part through the influence of his friend Bede Griffiths.In 1950, after having completed his studies at Cambridge, he was invited to teach a course in elementary Tibetan at the School of Oriental and African Studies University of London.[3] He was Professor of Tibetan at SOAS until his retirement in 1982.Snellgrove's research subsequent to his retirement was focused increasingly upon the art history of South East Asia. He died on 25 March 2016 in Pinerolo, Italy. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Snellgrove Source Accessed Feb 14, 2020])_Snellgrove Source Accessed Feb 14, 2020]))
Michie, D. + (David Michie is the internationally best-s … David Michie is the internationally best-selling author of ''The Dalai Lama's Cat'' series of novels, as well as non-fiction titles including ''Why Mindfulness is Better than Chocolate'', ''Hurry Up and Meditate'', ''Buddhism for Busy People'' and ''Buddhism for Pet Lovers''. His books are available in 26 languages in over 40 different countries.David is a keynote speaker, corporate trainer and coach on mindfulness and meditation. He has extensive experience presenting to a wide variety of different audiences around the world.In 2015 he established Mindful Safaris, leading groups to Africa – where he was born and brought up – encouraging people to visit unexplored places, outer and inner, through a combination of daily game viewing trips and mindfulness sessions.David’s blog on mindfulness and related subjects at www.davidmichie.com attracts a global audience of thousands of visitors each week. ([https://davidmichie.com/about-david-michie/ Source Accessed Apr 6, 2021])avid-michie/ Source Accessed Apr 6, 2021]))
Molk, D. + (David Molk studied Tibetan language at Venerable Geshe Rabten's Institute for Higher Tibetan Studies in Mont-Pelerin, Switzerland. Since 1987 he has interpreted and translated for many Tibetan lamas. He lives in Big Sur, California.)
Need, D. + (David Need is Lecturing Fellow of Religion … David Need is Lecturing Fellow of Religion at Duke University. He has taught at Duke since 1999, primarily in Religious Studies. He developed the ICS gateway class and taught it from 2005–2012. His academic expertise is in Asian Religions and in Literature and Religion, with a focus on poetics, ritual, and meditation systems.In addition to scholarly articles, he has published three books — two are translations and essays on Rainer Maria Rilke, the third is a selection of his own poetry, including a long poem set alongside the Gospel of Mark.===Current Research Interests===* Poetry of Rainer Maria Rilke* Non-dual awareness and poetics* Influence of Buddhism on 20th Century American Poetry* Women's Religious Experience & Poeticsy * Women's Religious Experience & Poetics)
Jackson, D. + (David P. Jackson received his doctorate in … David P. Jackson received his doctorate in 1985 from the University of Washington and studied and translated for many years in Seattle for the polymath Tibetan scholar Dezhung Rinpoche. Until 2007, he was a professor of Tibetan Studies at Hamburg University in Germany and is now a curator for the Rubin Museum of Art in New York. He is the author of numerous articles and books on Tibetan art, literature, and history, including ''A Saint in Seattle'', ''Tibetan Thangka Painting'', ''The Mollas of Mustang'', and ''Enlightenment by a Single Means''. He lives in Washington State. ([http://www.wisdompubs.org/author/david-p-jackson Source Accessed Oct 19, 2019])d-p-jackson Source Accessed Oct 19, 2019]))
Brockman, D. + (David R. Brockman, Ph.D., is a nonresident … David R. Brockman, Ph.D., is a nonresident scholar for the Baker Institute’s Religion and Public Policy Program. He is also an adjunct professor at both Texas Christian University and Southern Methodist University, where he teaches various courses in religion and religious studies.From 2010 to 2012, Brockman served as the project director for the World Conference of Associations of Theological Institutions. He is the author several books, including “Dialectical Democracy through Christian Thought: Individualism, Relationalism, and American Politics” (Palgrave-Macmillan, 2013) and “No Longer the Same: Religious Others and the Liberation of Christian Theology” (Palgrave-Macmillan, 2011). His forthcoming publication, “Educating For Pluralism, or Against It? Lessons from Texas and Quebec on Teaching Religion in Public Schools,” will appear in Religion & Education.Brockman holds a Ph.D. in religious studies from Southern Methodist University. He received a Master of Theological Studies degree from the Brite Divinity School at Texas Christian University and his bachelor’s degree in English and education from the University of Texas at Arlington. ([https://www.bakerinstitute.org/experts/david-r-brockman/ Source Accessed Nov 25, 2019])vid-r-brockman/ Source Accessed Nov 25, 2019]))
Loy, D. + (David Robert Loy is a professor, writer, a … David Robert Loy is a professor, writer, and Zen teacher in the Sanbo Zen tradition of Japanese Zen Buddhism.He is a prolific author, whose essays and books have been translated into many languages. His articles appear regularly in the pages of major journals such as ''Tikkun'' and Buddhist magazines including ''Tricycle'', ''Lion's Roar'', and ''Buddhadharma'', as well as in a variety of scholarly journals. Many of his writings, as well as audio and video talks and interviews, are available on the web. He is on the advisory boards of Buddhist Global Relief, the Clear View Project, Zen Peacemakers, and the Ernest Becker Foundation.David lectures nationally and internationally on various topics, focusing primarily on the encounter between Buddhism and modernity: what each can learn from the other. He is especially concerned about social and ecological issues. A popular recent lecture is "Healing Ecology: A Buddhist Perspective on the Eco-crisis", which argues that there is an important parallel between what Buddhism says about our personal predicament and our collective predicament today in relation to the rest of the biosphere. You can hear David's podcast interview with Wisdom Publications here. Presently he is offering workshops on "Transforming Self, Transforming Society" and on ''Ecodharma: Buddhist Teachings for the Precipice'', which is also the title of a new book forthcoming in early 2019. He also leads meditation retreats.Loy is a professor of Buddhist and comparative philosophy. His BA is from Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota, and he studied analytic philosophy at King’s College, University of London. His MA is from the University of Hawaii in Honolulu and his PhD is from the National University of Singapore. His dissertation was published by Yale University Press as ''Nonduality: A Study in Comparative Philosophy''. He was senior tutor in the Philosophy Department of Singapore University (later the National University of Singapore) from 1978 to 1984. From 1990 until 2005, he was professor in the Faculty of International Studies, Bunkyo University, Chigasaki, Japan. In January 2006, he became the Besl Family Chair Professor of Ethics/Religion and Society with Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio, a visiting position that ended in September 2010. In April 2007, David Loy was visiting scholar at the University of Cape Town, South Africa. From January to August 2009 he was a research scholar with the Institute for Advanced Study, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. From September through December 2010 he was in residence at Naropa University in Boulder, Colorado, with a Lenz Fellowship. In November 2014, David was a visiting professor at Radboud University in the Netherlands. In January through April 2016, David was visiting Numata professor of Buddhism at the University of Calgary. ([https://www.davidloy.org/ Source Accessed Sep 17, 2021])vidloy.org/ Source Accessed Sep 17, 2021]))
Tuffley, D. + (David Tuffley is a Senior Lecturer in Appl … David Tuffley is a Senior Lecturer in Applied Ethics & Socio-Technical Studies at Griffith University in Australia. David writes on a broad range of interests; from Anthropology, Psychology, Ancient and Modern History, Linguistics, Rhetoric, Comparative Religions, Philosophy, Architectural History, Environments and Ecosystems.tectural History, Environments and Ecosystems.)
Welsh, D. + (David Welsh is a mitra in the Triratna Bud … David Welsh is a mitra in the Triratna Buddhist Community, and teaches and practises Buddhism atthe Oslo Buddhist Centre. He is a Master’s student in the History of Religion at the University ofOslo, and a Research Fellow at the Norwegian Institute of Palaeography and Historical Philology. ([https://www.academia.edu/5112350/Brain_Hacking_and_Mind_Upgrades_Buddhism_of_the_Future_Book_Review_ Source Accessed Sep 29, 2022])ook_Review_ Source Accessed Sep 29, 2022]))
Chattopadhyaya, D. + (Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya (the editor) is … Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya (the editor) is M.A., D.Ltt. of the Calcutta University, Honorary D.Sc. of the Moscow Academy of Sciences, Member of the German Academy of Sciences. Besides working as Visiting Professor at various universities, he is the author of a considerable number of works on Indian Philosophy and Science inclusive of many that are published abroad in Russian, Chinese,Japanese, German and other languages. Currently, he is elected National Fellow of the Indian Council of Philosophical Research, though he is also working in an honorary capacity as a Guest Scientist of National Institute of Science Technology and Development Studies (a constituentestablishment of CSIR). (Source: inside jacket, ''Tāranātha's History of Buddhism in India'', 1990)ha's History of Buddhism in India'', 1990))
Bruyat, C. + (Degree in English, teacher of French, prof … Degree in English, teacher of French, professional translator; completed two three-year retreats at Chanteloube, France, 1980–1985 and 1990–1993; founding member of Padmakara Translation Group. Tsadra Foundation Fellow since 2002.Declaring himself “methodical and particular” to the point of excess, Christian Bruyat is pleased that working with Tsadra allows him the extra time to try and do accurate translations. Coupled with this drive he has an “uncanny ability” to find translation errors “even when I read the works of others who are much more worthy than me, and are big scholars.” He does not mean to be arrogant or irritating, and attributes his knack to “some kind of karma with Tibetan …” Since at age five he informed his parents that he intended to marry a Japanese lady when he grew up—he married a Chinese woman instead—one might well agree that some sort of past-life Asian connection seems to be at play in Christian’s life.He has had the fortunate destiny to spend five years with Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche in Nepal and Bhutan. Appropriately enough, Dzogchen teachings are Christian’s favorite and most inspiring scriptural material, especially the works of Longchenpa, Patrul Rinpoche, and Mipham Rinpoche.Previously Published Translations • Le Chemin de la Grande Perfection, Patrul Rinpoché (and preliminary work on the draft of its English version, The Words of My Perfect Teacher, with Charles Hastings)'''Completed Projects as a Tsadra Foundation Fellow''' • Mahasiddhas, La vie de 84 sages de l’Inde, Abhayadatta (with Patrick Carré)• Le Précieux Ornement de la libération, Gampopa• Perles d’ambroisie (3 vols.), Kunzang Palden (with Patrick Carré)• Bodhicaryavatara, La Marche vers l’Éveil, Shantideva (with Patrick Carré)a Marche vers l’Éveil, Shantideva (with Patrick Carré))
Sde srid sangs rgyas rgya mtsho + (Desi Sangyé Gyatso (1653–1705), the heart … Desi Sangyé Gyatso (1653–1705), the heart disciple of the Fifth Dalai Lama, became the ruler of Tibet at age twenty-six and held sway over the country for over twenty-five years before his tragic death in a power struggle with the Mongol chieftain Lhasang Khan. A layman his entire life, he was a thorough administrator, overhauling the structure and regulations of the major Geluk monasteries and setting up many new institutions, such as the renowned Tibetan Medical Institute in Lhasa. He famously commissioned a set of seventy-nine medical paintings, and he composed ''White Beryl'', an authoritative work on all aspects of astronomical calculation and divination practiced in Tibet at his time. (Source: [https://wisdomexperience.org/product/mirror-beryl/ Wisdom Publications])roduct/mirror-beryl/ Wisdom Publications]))
Biddulph, D. + (Desmond Biddulph CBE is President of The B … Desmond Biddulph CBE is President of The Buddhist Society, London (est. 1924) and editor of their journal ''The Middle Way''. He is a Jungian therapist with a medical practice in London, co-author of ''The Teachings of the Buddha'', and an international lecturer.e Buddha'', and an international lecturer.)
Dharmacandra + (Dharmacandra (法月, 653–743) is known to be … Dharmacandra (法月, 653–743) is known to be from either eastern India or the kingdom of Magadha in central India. He traveled widely in central India and was accomplished in medical arts and the Tripiṭaka. Then he went to the kingdom of Kucha (龜茲, or 庫車, in present-day Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang, China), where he taught his disciple Zhenyue (真月) and others.At the written recommendation of Lu Xiulin (呂休林), the governor appointed to keep peace with the western region (安西節度使), in 732, the twentieth year of the Kaiyuan (開元) years of Emperor Xuanzong (唐玄宗) of the Tang Dynasty (618–907), Dharmacandra arrived in Chang-an (長安), China. As an offering to the Emperor, he presented Sanskrit texts on alchemy and herbal remedies, as well as the Sūtra of the Mighty Vidya King Ucchuṣma (T21n1227), translated by Ajitasena, who was from northern India. With the help of his disciple Liyan (利言), Dharmacandra translated into Chinese the Sanskrit text of herbal remedies as well as of the Sūtra of the All-Encompassing Knowledge Store, the Heart of Prajñā-Pāramitā (T08n0252).During an uprising in China, Dharmacandra moved to the kingdom of Yütian (于闐), or Khotan (和闐), present-day Hetian (和田), in Xinjiang, China. He stayed at the Golden Wheel Temple (金輪寺), teaching people attracted to him, until his death in 743, at the age of ninety-one. ([http://www.sutrasmantras.info/translators.html#dharmacandra Source Accessed Aug 19, 2021])harmacandra Source Accessed Aug 19, 2021]))
Suvarṇadvīpa Dharmakīrti + (Dharmakirti (Skt. Suvarṇadvīpa Dharmakīrti … Dharmakirti (Skt. Suvarṇadvīpa Dharmakīrti; Tib. ཆོས་ཀྱི་གྲགས་པ་, Chökyi Drakpa, Wyl. chos kyi grags pa) or Dharmapala (Wyl. chos skyong) of Suvarnadvipa (b. 10th century) was the most important of Atisha's teachers. In Tibetan he is known simply as Serlingpa (Tib. གསེར་གླིང་པ་, Wyl. gser gling pa), literally 'the master from Suvarnadvipa'. Atisha is said to have stayed with him for twelve years receiving teachings on Lojong. ([https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Dharmakirti_of_Suvarnadvipa Source Accessed Jun 21, 2022])uvarnadvipa Source Accessed Jun 21, 2022]))
Dharmakṣema + (Dharmakṣema. (C. Tanwuchen; J. Donmusen; K … Dharmakṣema. (C. Tanwuchen; J. Donmusen; K. Tammuch'am 曇無讖 (385-433 CE). Indian Buddhist monk who was an early translator of Buddhist materials into Chinese. A scion of a brāhmaṇa family from India, Dharmakṣema became at the age of six a disciple of Dharmayaśas (C. Damoyeshe; J. Donmayasha) (d.u.), an Abhidharma specialist who later traveled to China c. 397–401 and translated the ''Śāriputrābhidharmaśāstra''. Possessed of both eloquence and intelligence, Dharmakṣema was broadly learned in both monastic and secular affairs and was well versed in mainstream Buddhist texts. After he met a meditation monk named "White Head" and had a fiery debate with him, Dharmakṣema recognized his superior expertise and ended up studying with him. The monk transmitted to him a text of the ''Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra'' written on bark, which prompted Dharmakṣema to embrace the Mahāyāna. Once he reached the age of twenty, Dharmakṣema was able to recite over two million words of Buddhist texts. He was also so skilled in casting spells that he earned the sobriquet "Great Divine Spell Master" (C. Dashenzhou shi). Carrying with him the first part of the ''Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra'' that he received from "White Head," he left India and arrived in the Kucha kingdom in Central Asia. As the people of Kucha mostly studied Hīnayāna and did not accept the Mahāyāna teachings, Dharmakṣema then moved to China and lived in the western outpost of Dunhuang for several years. Juqu Mengxun, the non-Chinese ruler of the Northern Liang dynasty (397–439 CE), eventually brought Dharmakṣema to his capital. After studying the Chinese language for three years and learning how to translate Sanskrit texts orally into Chinese, Dharmakṣema engaged there in a series of translation projects under Juqu Mengxun's patronage. With the assistance of Chinese monks, such as Daolang and Huigao, Dharmakṣema produced a number of influential Chinese translations, including the ''Dabanniepan jing'' (S. ''Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra''; in forty rolls), the longest recension of the sūtra extant in any language; the ''Jinguangming jing'' ("Sūtra of Golden Light"; S. ''Suvarṇaprabhāsottamasūtra''; in four rolls); and the ''Pusa dichi jing'' (S. ''Bodhisattvabhūmisūtra''; in ten rolls). He is also said to have made the first Chinese translation of the ''Laṅkāvatārasūtra'' (C. ''Ru Lengqie jing'', but his rendering had dropped out of circulation at least by 730 CE, when the Tang Buddhist cataloguer Zhisheng (700–786 CE) compiled the Kaiyuan Shijiao Lu. The Northern Wei ruler Tuoba Tao, a rival of Juqu Mengxun's, admired Dharmakṣema's esoteric expertise and requested that the Northern Liang ruler send the Indian monk to his country. Fearing that his rival might seek to employ Dharmakṣema's esoteric expertise against him, Juqu Mengxun had the monk assassinated at the age of forty-nine. Dharmakṣema's translation of Indian Buddhist texts into Chinese had a significant impact on Chinese Buddhism; in particular, the doctrine that all beings have the buddha-nature (''foxing''), a teaching appearing in Dharmakṣema's translation of the ''Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra'', exerted tremendous influence on the development of Chinese Buddhist thought. (Source: "Dharmakṣema." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 247–48. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Dharmamitra + (Dharmamitra ［曇摩蜜多・曇無蜜多］ (356–442) (Skt; Jp … Dharmamitra ［曇摩蜜多・曇無蜜多］ (356–442) (Skt; Jpn Dommamitta or Dommumitta): A monk from Kashmir in ancient India who translated Buddhist sutras into Chinese. He entered the Buddhist Order while young and traveled through various kingdoms to pursue study of the sutras. He dedicated himself to the practice of meditation and, passing through Kucha and Tun-huang, went to China in 424, where he exhorted people to practice meditation. In 433 he went to Chien-k’ang, the capital of the Liu Sung dynasty, and in 435 founded Ting-lin-shang-ssu temple, where he lived. He converted the empress and crown prince of the Liu Sung dynasty. His works include ''The Secret Essentials of Meditation'' and Chinese translations of the ''Universal Worthy Sutra'' and the ''Meditation on Bodhisattva Space Treasury Sutra''. ([https://www.nichirenlibrary.org/en/dic/Content/D/55 Source Accessed July 15, 2021])ntent/D/55 Source Accessed July 15, 2021]))
Dharmarakṣita + (Dharmarakṣita is a c. 9th century Indian B … Dharmarakṣita is a c. 9th century Indian Buddhist credited with composing an important Mahayana text called the ''Wheel of Sharp Weapons'' (Tib. ''blo-sbyong mtshon-cha 'khor-lo''). He was the teacher of Atiśa, who was instrumental in establishing a second wave of Buddhism in Tibet.''Wheel of Sharp Weapons'' is an abbreviated title for ''The Wheel of Sharp Weapons Effectively Striking the Heart of the Foe''. This text is often referenced as a detailed source for how the laws of karma play out in our lives; it reveals many specific effects and their causes. A poetic presentation, the "wheel of sharp weapons" can be visualized as something we throw out or propel, which then comes back to cut us... something like a boomerang. In the same way, Dharmarakṣita explains, the non-virtuous causes we create through our self-interested behavior come back to 'cut us' in future lives as the ripening of the negative karma such actions create. This, he explains, is the source of all our pain and suffering. He admonishes that it is our own selfishness or self-cherishing that leads us to harm others, which in turn creates the negative karma or potential for future suffering. Our suffering is not a punishment, merely a self-created karmic result. In most verses, Dharmarakṣita also offers a suggested alternative virtuous or positive action to substitute for our previous non-virtuous behavior, actions that will create positive karma and future pleasant conditions and happiness.Despite the fact that ''Wheel of Sharp Weapons'' has come to be considered a Mahayana text, Dharmarakṣita is said to have subscribed to the Vaibhāṣika view. His authorship of the text is considered questionable by scholars for various reasons. [(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharmarak%E1%B9%A3ita_(9th_century) Source Accessed May 18, 2021])th_century) Source Accessed May 18, 2021]))
Dharmāgatayaśas + (Dharmāgatayaśas (曇摩伽陀耶舍, 5th–6th centuries … Dharmāgatayaśas (曇摩伽陀耶舍, 5th–6th centuries) means Dharma come to renown (法生稱). He was a Buddhist monk from central India, who could write Chinese. In 481, the third year of the Jianyuan (建元) years of the Xiao Qi Dynasty (蕭齊, 479–501, second of the four successive Southern Dynasties), at the Chaoting Temple (朝亭寺) in Guangzhou (廣州), Guangdong Province, he translated, from Sanskrit into Chinese, the ''Sūtra of Immeasurable Meaning'' (T09n0276). Nothing more is known about him. ([http://www.sutrasmantras.info/translators.html#kumarajiva Source Accessed Aug 19, 2021])#kumarajiva Source Accessed Aug 19, 2021]))
Dhongthog Rinpoche + (Dhongthog Rinpoche Tenpé Gyaltsen (Wyl. gd … Dhongthog Rinpoche Tenpé Gyaltsen (Wyl. gdong thog bstan pa’i rgyal mtshan) aka T.G. Dhongthog Rinpoche (1933-2015) was one of the foremost Tibetan Buddhist scholars of recent times, noted especially for his work as a historian, lexicographer and prolific author. From 1979 Rinpoche was based in Seattle, USA. He published a number of books in Tibetan and English, especially through the Sapan Institute, of which he was the founding-director.After being recognized as the fifth reincarnation of Jampal Rigpai Raldri by the Sakya Dagchen Ngawang Kunga Rinchen, Rinpoche studied Tibetan literature and Buddhist philosophy at Dzongsar Shedra. Before leaving Tibet in 1957, Rinpoche was the head teacher of Dhongthog Rigdrol Phuntsog Ling Monastery, Kardze, Tibet. Rinpoche served the Tibetan Government-in-Exile for 13 years before moving to the United States in 1979. In those 13 years, Rinpoche worked at the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives in Dharamsala and at Tibet House in New Delhi.He wrote several books, including The History of Sakyapa School of Tibetan Buddhism, The Cleansing Water-drops, The Earth Shaking Thunder of True Word, The History of Tibet, and New Light English-Tibetan Dictionary. In addition, he worked as a translator and editor on the Tibetan version of Sogyal Rinpoche's The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying and translated David Jackson's biography of Dezhung Rinpoche into Tibetan.Ven. Dhongthog Rinpoche passed away on the morning of 13th January, 2015 in Seattle, Washington.([http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Dhongthog_Rinpoche Source Accessed, April 10, 2015])Rinpoche Source Accessed, April 10, 2015]))
Paul, D. + (Diana Y. Paul was born in Akron, Ohio and … Diana Y. Paul was born in Akron, Ohio and is a graduate of Northwestern University with a degree in both psychology and philosophy and of the University of Wisconsin-Madison with a Ph.D in Buddhist Studies.. . . Her short stories have appeared in a number of literary journals and she is currently working on a second novel, ''A Perfect Match''. Currently, she lives in Carmel, CA with her husband and loves to create mixed media art, focusing on printmaking in her studio. As a Stanford professor, she has authored three books on Buddhism, one of which has been translated into Japanese and German (''Women in Buddhism'', University of California Press). ([https://dianaypaul.com/about/ Source Accessed Jan 14, 2020])Her other Buddhist works include ''Philosophy of Mind in Sixth-Century China: Paramartha’s Evolution of Consciousness'' and ''The Buddhist Feminine Ideal: Queen Srimala and the Tathagatagarbha''.: Queen Srimala and the Tathagatagarbha''.)
Hangartner, D. + (Diego Hangartner has dedicated over thirty … Diego Hangartner has dedicated over thirty years to external scientific research and internal meditative exploration of the mind and consciousness. He started as a pharmacologist specializing in psychopharmacology and addiction, always interested in what constitutes a healthy mind and how to cultivate it. He spent many years at the Institute of Buddhist Dialectics in India, studying, translating and publishing several Tibetan works, and organizing several large events with His Holiness the Dalai Lama in Europe.Diego was COO of Mind and Life Institute in the US and co-founder and director of Mind and Life Institute in Europe until 2015. Mind and Life is an organization that brings together scientists and contemplatives to discuss, research and fund research into how to tackle some of the toughest challenges facing mankind. Today, he continues his research and teaching with the Max Planck Institute, ETH (The Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) and Zurich University.To share his teaching more broadly, Diego founded the “Institute of Mental Balance and Universal Ethics” (IMBUE), an interdisciplinary initiative, to develop and provide tools and programs that foster mental balance. He created and teaches “The Wheel of Mental Balance”, a methodology to cultivate a healthy and resilient mind. ([https://www.buddhistinquiry.org/teacher/diego-hangartner/ Source Accessed Jan 8, 2021])-hangartner/ Source Accessed Jan 8, 2021]))
Khyentse, Dilgo + (Dilgo Khyentse Tashi Peljor was one of the … Dilgo Khyentse Tashi Peljor was one of the most prominent Nyingma lamas of the twentieth century, widely known also in the West. The mind reincarnation of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, his seat was Shechen Monastery, which he reestablished in Boudhanath, Nepal, in 1980. After fleeing the Communist takeover of Tibet, Dilgo Khyentse settled in Bhutan. A prolific author and treasure-revealer, his compositions are collected in twenty-five volumes. Although he received novice vows at age ten, he never fully ordained, living the life of a householder with wife and children. ([http://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Dilgo-Khyentse-Tashi-Peljor/P625 Source: Treasury of Lives])hi-Peljor/P625 Source: Treasury of Lives]))
Miller-Sangster, L. + (Director of Academic and Public Programs for Maitripa College, Portland, Oregon: programs@maitripa.org. Contact for Conference information. Art Specialist with PhD from Emory University. Connections with Red Gate Gallery, Beijing.)
McKeown, A. + (Dissertation: [[From Bodhgayā to Lhasa to Beijing: The Life and Times of Śāriputra (c.1335-1426), Last Abbot of Bodhgayā]], by … Dissertation: [[From Bodhgayā to Lhasa to Beijing: The Life and Times of Śāriputra (c.1335-1426), Last Abbot of Bodhgayā]], by Arthur McKeown. Harvard University. 2010. 570 pp. Primary Advisor: Leonard W. J. van der Kuijp. REVIEW: http://dissertationreviews.org/archives/2362EW: http://dissertationreviews.org/archives/2362)
Divākara + (Divākara (地婆訶羅, 613–87), or Rizhao (日照) in … Divākara (地婆訶羅, 613–87), or Rizhao (日照) in Chinese, was born in central India in the Brahmin Caste.He became a Monk when he was just a child, and he spent many years at the Mahābodhi Temple and the Nālandā Monastery. He was an accomplished Tripiṭaka master, excelled in the five studies and especially in Mantra practices.Already in his sixties, Divākara went to Chang-an (長安), China, in 676, the first year of the Yifeng (儀鳳) years of the Tang Dynasty (618–907).Emperor Gaozong (唐高宗) treated him as respectfully as he had treated the illustrious Tripiṭaka master Xuanzang.In 680, the first year of the Yonglong (永隆) years, the emperor commanded ten learned Monks to assist Divākara in translating sūtras from Sanskrit into Chinese.In six years Divākara translated eighteen sūtras, including the ''Sūtra of the Buddha-Crown Superb Victory Dhāraṇī'' (T19n0970), the ''Sūtra of the Great Cundī Dhāraṇī'' (T20n1077), and the ''Mahāyāna Sūtra of Consciousness Revealed'' (T12n0347).Longing to see his mother again, he petitioned for permission to go home.Unfortunately, although permission was granted, he fell ill and died in the twelfth month of 687, the third year of the Chuigong (垂拱) years, at the age of seventy-five.Empress Wu (武后則天) had him buried properly at the Xiangshan Monastery (香山寺) in Luoyang (洛陽).([http://www.chinabuddhismencyclopedia.com/en/index.php?title=Div%C4%81kara Source Accessed Aug 18, 2020])v%C4%81kara Source Accessed Aug 18, 2020]))
Sur, D. + (Dominic D. Z. Sur is an Assistant Professo … Dominic D. Z. Sur is an Assistant Professor of Religious Studies, teaching courses in world religions and Buddhism. Dr. Sur's recent publications include ''Entering the Way of the Great Vehicle: Dzogchen as the Culmination of the Mahāyāna'' (2017). He is presently working on a study of the rise of scholasticism and sectarian identity in eleventh century Tibet. ([https://history.usu.edu/faculty/faculty-directory/dominic-sur Source Accessed Jan 27, 2020])*'''Recent Publications:'''**Constituting Canon and Community in Eleventh Century Tibet: The Extant Writings of Rongzom and His Charter of Mantrins (sngags pa’i bca’ yig). Religions (2017) 8, 40. [https://www.academia.edu/31878104/Constituting_Canon_and_Community_in_Eleventh_Century_Tibet_The_Extant_Writings_of_Rongzom_and_His_Charter_of_Mantrins_sngags_pai_bca_yig_?email_work_card=title doi:10.3390/rel8030040]il_work_card=title doi:10.3390/rel8030040])
Scarangello, D. + (Dominick Scarangello, PhD, specializes in … Dominick Scarangello, PhD, specializes in early-modern and modern Japanese religions. He has taught at the University of Virginia and was the Postdoctoral Scholar in Japanese Buddhism at the Center for Japanese Studies, University of California, Berkeley (2013-14). Currently he is an international advisor to Rissho Kosei-kai. Dominick Scarangello obtained his Ph.D. in Religious Studies with a concentration in East Asian Buddhism from the University of Virginia in 2012. He specializes in early modern and modern Japanese religions, and his scholarly interests include the Lotus Sutra tradition in East Asia, esoteric Buddhism, religion and modernity, embodiment, religious material culture, and religious praxis in Japan, including liturgy and ascetic practices. He taught at the University of Virginia and was the Postdoctoral Scholar in Japanese Buddhism at the Center for Japanese Studies, University of California, Berkeley (2013-2014).Presently, he is the International Advisor to the lay Buddhist group Rissho-Kosei-kai, located in Tokyo, Japan, where he is responsible for education, translation and other duties, including coordinating the International Lotus Sutra Seminar (ILSS), an annual academic conference focused on the Lotus Sutra and its related religious traditions. At Rissho Kosei-kai he was one of the principle editors of The Threefold Lotus Sutra: A Modern Translation for Contemporary Readers, and is now engaged in a retranslation of one of the principle Lotus Sutra commentaries of Niwano Nikkyo (1906-99), founder of Rissho Kosei-kai. He is also involved with editing Dharma World magazine and is a regular contributor. ([https://independent.academia.edu/DominickScarangello Adapted from Source Sep 16, 2021])angello Adapted from Source Sep 16, 2021]))
Wujastyk, D. + (Dominik Wujastyk is a professor and Singhm … Dominik Wujastyk is a professor and Singhmar Chair of Ancient Indian Society and Polity at the University of Alberta. His areas of research include Sanskrit language and literature, classical Indian studies, social and intellectual history of precolonial India, and the history of science and medicine in premodern India. Wujastyk has published many articles and books based on his research, including The Roots of Ayurveda; he has also coedited Studies on Indian Medical History and Mathematics and Medicine in Sanskrit. Source: ([https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/authors/248088/dominik-wujastyk Penguin Random House])88/dominik-wujastyk Penguin Random House]))
Lopez, D. + (Donald S. Lopez, Jr. was born in Washingto … Donald S. Lopez, Jr. was born in Washington, D. C. in 1952 and was educated at the University of Virginia, receiving a doctorate in Religious Studies in 1982. After teaching at Middlebury College, he joined the faculty of the University of Michigan in 1989, where he is currently Arthur E. Link Distinguished University Professor of Buddhist and Tibetan Studies in the Department of Asian Languages and Cultures. He is the author or editor of more than twenty books, which have been translated into French, Italian, Spanish, Dutch, Czech, Polish, Korean, and Chinese. His books include ''Buddhism in Practice'' (Princeton, 1995), ''Elaborations on Emptiness: Uses of the Heart Sutra'' (Princeton, 1996), ''Curators of the Buddha: The Study of Buddhism Under Colonialism'' (Chicago, 1995), ''Prisoners of Shangri-La: Tibetan Buddhism and the West'' (Chicago, 1998), ''The Story of Buddhism'' (Harper San Francisco, 2001), ''A Modern Buddhist Bible'' (Beacon, 2002), ''Buddhist Scriptures'' (Penguin Classics, 2004), ''Critical Terms for the Study of Buddhism'' (Chicago, 2005), ''The Madman's Middle Way: Reflections on Reality of the Tibetan Monk Gendun Chopel'' (Chicago, 2005), ''Buddhism and Science: A Guide for the Perplexed'' (Chicago, 2008), and ''In the Forest of Faded Wisdom: 104 Poems of Gendun Chopel'' (Chicago, 2009). He has also served as editor of the ''Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies''. In 2002-03 he served as Associate Dean for Academic Affairs in the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts at the University of Michigan. He has received fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the American Council of Learned Societies, the Guggenheim Foundation, and the Getty Research Institute. In 1998 he was named Arthur F. Thurnau Professor, the University of Michigan's highest award for undergraduate teaching. In 2000 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2005, he was named a Distinguished University Professor. In 2007, he received the John H. D'Arms Faculty Award for Distinguished Graduate Mentoring in the Humanities. He currently serves as chair of the Michigan Society of Fellows and as chair of the Department of Asian Languages and Cultures. ([http://www.css.edu/academics/school-of-arts-and-letters/lectures-and-performances/oreck-alpern-interreligious-forum/dr-donald-lopez.html Source Accessed July 22, 2020])lopez.html Source Accessed July 22, 2020]))
Wangchuk, Dorji + (Dorji Wangchuk was born in 1967 in East Bh … Dorji Wangchuk was born in 1967 in East Bhutan. After the completion of his ten year training (1987–1997) in the Tibetan monastic seminary of Ngagyur Nyingma Institute at Bylakuppe, Mysore, South India, he studied classical Indology and Tibetology, with a focus on Buddhism, at the University of Hamburg, where he received his MA (2002) and PhD (2005) degrees. Currently he is professor for Tibetology at the Department of Indian and Tibetan Studies, Asia-Africa Institute, University of Hamburg. His special field of interest lies in the intellectual history of Tibetan Buddhism and in the Tibetan Buddhist literature. (Source: [http://www.aai.uni-hamburg.de/indtib/Personen.html Hamburg University])/indtib/Personen.html Hamburg University]))
Duckworth, D. + (Douglas Duckworth, Ph.D. (Virginia, 2005) … Douglas Duckworth, Ph.D. (Virginia, 2005) is Professor at Temple University and the Director of Graduate Studies in the Department of Religion. His papers have appeared in numerous journals and books, including the ''Blackwell Companion to Buddhist Philosophy'', ''Sophia'', ''Philosophy East & West'', the ''Journal for the American Academy of Religion'', ''Asian Philosophy'', and the ''Journal of Contemporary Buddhism''. Duckworth is the author of ''Mipam on Buddha-Nature: The Ground of the Nyingma Tradition'' (SUNY 2008) and ''Jamgön Mipam: His Life and Teachings'' (Shambhala 2011). He also introduced and translated ''Distinguishing the Views and Philosophies: Illuminating Emptiness in a Twentieth-Century Tibetan Buddhist Classic'' by Bötrül (SUNY 2011). He is a co-author of ''Dignāga’s Investigation of the Percept: A Philosophical Legacy in India and Tibet'' (Oxford 2016) and co-editor of ''Buddhist Responses to Religious Diversity: Theravāda and Tibetan Perspectives'' (Equinox 2020). He also is the co-editor, with Jonathan Gold, of ''Readings of Śāntideva’s Guide to Bodhisattva Practice (Bodhicaryāvatāra)'' (CUP 2019). His latest works include ''Tibetan Buddhist Philosophy of Mind and Nature'' (OUP 2019) and a translation of an overview of the Wisdom Chapter of the ''Way of the Bodhisattva'' by Künzang Sönam, entitled ''The Profound Reality of Interdependence'' (OUP 2019). Doctor Duckworth received the first '''Distinguished Research Grant in Tibetan Buddhist Studies''' from Tsadra Foundation for 2020-2023. (Source: Duckworth, January 28, 2021)20-2023. (Source: Duckworth, January 28, 2021))
Berger, D. + (Douglas L. Berger is Professor of Comparat … Douglas L. Berger is Professor of Comparative Philosophy at Leiden University in the Netherlands. His primary areas of research and teaching are classical Brāhmiṇical and Indian Buddhist thought, Classical Chinese philosophy, and cross-culturalphilosophical hermeneutics. He is the author of ''Encounters of Mind: Luminosity and Personhood in Indian and Chinese Thought'' (SUNY Press, 2015), ''"The Veil of Māyā:" Schopenhauer’s System and Early Indian Thought'' (Global Academic Publications, 2004), and coeditor, with JeeLoo Liu, of ''Nothingness in Asian Philosophy'' (Routledge, 2014). He has authored dozens of essays and book chapters on the areas of his research and is chief editor of the University of Hawai'i Press book series "Dimensions of Asian Spirituality." He has also served as the president of the Society for Asian and Comparative Philosophy (2014–2016). (Source: [https://research.tsadra.org/index.php/Ethics_without_Self,_Dharma_without_Atman Ethics without Self, Dharma without Atman])thics without Self, Dharma without Atman]))
Matsunaga, D. + (Dr Matsunagawas born June 22, 1941 and rai … Dr Matsunagawas born June 22, 1941 and raised in the Eikyoji Buddhist Temple in Fukagawa-shi, Hokkaida Japan. After ordination and Buddhist theological training, he came to the University of Southern California Theology School on a scholarship for further study. He received an M.A. and a Ph.D at the Claremont Graduate University. Appointed as a professor at California State University Northridge, he taught Japanese cultural history and Buddhism for over 13 years. He was called back to Tokyo to establish the International Buddhist Study Center at the Tokyo Honganji by the Supreme Primate of the Jodo Shinshu church and was its current director. At the same time he was the temple master of Eikyoji on Hokkaido, which he succeeded to upon the death of his father. He also held a position of a visiting professorship at the University of Wales in the United Kingdom where he lectured on Budddhism for a dozen years. He and his wife, Alicia Orloff- Matsunaga founded the Reno Buddhist Church in 1989. Alicia preceeded Dr Matsunaga in death in 1998. ([https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/rgj/name/daigan-matsunaga-obituary?id=24894374 Source Accessed Apr 11, 2022])id=24894374 Source Accessed Apr 11, 2022]))
Joshi, S. + (Dr Shubhada Joshi has done her PHD in 'Lok … Dr Shubhada Joshi has done her PHD in 'Lokyata' a Critical Study with Specialization in Indian Philosophy, Ethics, Metaethics, Saint Philosophy and Bhakti, Inter-Cultural and Inter-Religious Philosophy, Philosophy of 19th century, Maharashtra. Being in the teaching profession spanning 37 years, she was the Head, Department of Philosophy, 1991-2005 and 2008-2014 University of Mumbai. She was instrumental in introducing 10 Certificate and Diploma courses started in the Department of Philosophy, to introduce various Philosophical traditions to people from all walks of life from 1996 onwards. ([https://in.bookmyshow.com/person/dr-shubhada-joshi/1080441 Source Accessed Jan 28, 2021])shi/1080441 Source Accessed Jan 28, 2021]))
Hermann-Pfandt, A. + (Dr. Adelheid Hermann-Pfandt is a professor … Dr. Adelheid Hermann-Pfandt is a professor of Religious Studies at Philipps University of Marburg. His main areas of study include, the History of religions in India and Tibet, religious art, iconography of Tibetan Buddhism, religion in Indian film, religious studies on women and gender, religion and violence, and destructive cults.Born 1955 in Göttingen.1975-1983 studied religious and intellectual history, religious studies, history, classical philology, Indology, Tibetology and Indian art history in Erlangen and Bonn.1983 Magister Artium (Religious Studies, Modern History, Tibetology) with the work Investigations into the religious history and mythology of the Dakinis in the Indo-Tibetan region.1990 PhD in Bonn (religious studies, Indology, Tibetology) with the dissertation Dakinis: On the position and symbolism of the female in tantric Buddhism (published in 1992 by Indica et Tibetica Verlag, Bonn).1991-1994 Research Assistant in the Department of Indology/Tibetology at the University of Marburg.1994ff. Lectureships at the Universities of Bremen, Marburg, Hanover, Göttingen, Frankfurt am Main, Fribourg/Switzerland, Siegen.1999 year-long intensive study of colloquial Tibetan at the Manjushree Center of Tibetan Culture in Darjeeling, India.2001 Habilitation in Marburg in the subject of religious studies with the work A source study of esoteric (tantric) Buddhism in India from the beginnings to the 9th century.2002 Appointment as private lecturer for religious studies at the Philipps University of Marburg.2004 Collaboration in the DFG project "Destiny Interpretation and Lifestyle in Japanese Religions" (Prof. Dr. Michael Pye, Marburg).2006-2008 Planning and management of the special exhibition "Tibet in Marburg" in the religious studies collection of the University of Marburg, including publication of the catalogue.2009 Appointment as adjunct professor for religious studies at the Philipps University of Marburg.2009 Käthe-Leichter visiting professor for women's and gender studies in the field of religions in South Asia and Tibet at the Institute for South Asian, Tibetan and Buddhist Studies at the University of Vienna.2009-2014 research grant from the Horst and Käthe Eliseit Foundation, Essen, for the project "Comparative studies on rNying ma pa iconography". ([https://www.uni-marburg.de/de/fb03/ivk/fachgebiete/religionswissenschaft/fach/personen/copy_of_apl-prof-dr-adelheid-herrmann-pfandt Source Accessed Sep 30, 2022])mann-pfandt Source Accessed Sep 30, 2022]))
Kaul, A. + (Dr. Advaitavadini Kaul is Editor in the In … Dr. Advaitavadini Kaul is Editor in the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA) in New Delhi. Here, she is mainly responsible for the preparation of two fundamental series of publications, viz., the Kalatattvakosa (a lexicon of Indian Art Concepts) and the Kalamulasastra (fundamental texts on Indian Arts). She has edited the fourth volume of the Kalatattvakosa series on Manifestation of Nature. She is also an associate editor of the fifth volume on Form/Shape. Basically an M.A. (Sanskrit) and Ph.D. (Buddhist Studies) Dr. Kaul has already published her book: Buddhist Savants of Kashmir: Their Contribution Abroad. Her next book on Kashmir's Contribution to Buddhism in Central Asia is forthcoming. She has contributed several research papers to various national/international conferences where her main interest remains to unravel perennial traditions with special emphasis upon the traditions prevalent in Kashmir. ([https://readersend.com/product/a-history-of-kashmiri-pandits/ Source Accessed Aug 31, 2021])ri-pandits/ Source Accessed Aug 31, 2021]))
Wenta, A. + (Dr. Aleksandra Wenta is Assistant Professo … Dr. Aleksandra Wenta is Assistant Professor in the School of Buddhist Studies, Philosophy and Comparative Religions. She was trained at Oxford University, Banaras Hindu University, and Jagiellonian University. She was fellow at the Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla (2012-2014) where she worked on the aesthetics of power in medieval Chidambaram. Her scholarly interests range from Buddhism in India and Tibet, through Sanskrit and history of Śaivism in Kashmir and South India, to the performance theories and emotions in pre-modern India. She is currently working on the history of the transmission of the esoteric Buddhist cult from India to Tibet. ([https://nalandauniv.edu.in/faculties/aleksandra-wenta/ Source Accessed Feb 11, 2021])ndra-wenta/ Source Accessed Feb 11, 2021]))
Puri, B. + (Dr. Baijnath Puri, the Professor Emeritus, … Dr. Baijnath Puri, the Professor Emeritus, was one of the leading Indian historians, a widely traveled man and was often invited to deliver lectures at many universities in Europe. He was for more than five years Professor and Head of the Department of Ancient Indian History and Archaeology at the Lucknow University.His two works ''India in the Time of Patanjali'' and ''The History of the Gurjara Pratiharas'' earned him the two research degrees of M. Litt. and D. Phil. from the Oxford University. He has more than 25 published works to his credit. (Source: [https://www.mlbd.in/products/buddhism-in-central-asia-b-n-puri-9788120803725-8120803728 Motilal Banarsidass])120803725-8120803728 Motilal Banarsidass]))
Cantwell, C. + (Dr. Cathy Cantwell in an Honorary Research … Dr. Cathy Cantwell in an Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Kent's School of Anthropology and Conservation.Dr Cathy Cantwell first came to Kent for her undergraduate degree in Social Anthropology in 1975-78 and, after travelling in India the following year, she returned to Kent for her doctoral research. Her PhD (1989) was a study of a Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Northern India, especially focusing on the annual cycle of ritual practice. Since the 1990s, she has principally worked on Tibetan textual research projects together with her husband, Robert Mayer, including a project at CSAC Kent with Professor Michael Fischer on an eighteenth century Tibetan manuscript collection. While keeping her Kent association, Cathy has participated in research projects in Tibetan studies at the University of Bochum as a Mercator Fellow (2018-2019) and as a visiting Research Fellow (2015-2016), working on the theme of Religion and the Senses. She has been involved in the design of and work on a series of AHRC funded research projects at the Oriental Institute, University of Oxford (2002-2015), as well as one at the University of Cardiff (2006-2009). Major publications have included: ''A Noble Noose of Methods, the Lotus Garland Synopsis: A Mahāyoga Tantra and its Commentary'' (2012); ''Early Tibetan Documents on Phur pa from Dunhuang'' (2008); and ''The Kīlaya Nirvāṇa Tantra and the Vajra Wrath Tantra: two texts from the Ancient Tantra Collection'' (2007), written jointly with Robert Mayer, and published by The Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, Vienna.Dr Cantwell retains her passionate interest in Tibetan rituals and tantric practice of all historical periods. As well as delving into archaeologically recovered tantric manuscripts dating from the tenth century, a book is in process on authorship, originality and innovation in Tibetan revelations (the output of a project at Oxford, 2010-2015), looking at textual developments over many generations, with a focus on the productions of Dudjom Jigdral Yeshe Dorje (1904-1987). Recent publications include an article on contemporary Tibetan 'Medicinal Accomplishment' rituals. Her major work on a twentieth-century Tibetan Buddhist master is also in press. A further forthcoming book on a twentieth century revelation of longevity rituals, co-authored with Geoffrey Samuel with contributions from Robert Mayer and P. Ogyan Tanzin, is entitled, ''The Seed of Immortal Life: Contexts and Meanings of a Tibetan Longevity Practice''. ([https://www.kent.ac.uk/anthropology-conservation/people/2909/cantwell-cathy Source Accessed Mar 18, 2021])twell-cathy Source Accessed Mar 18, 2021]))
Kassor, C. + (Dr. Constance Kassor is an Assistant Profe … Dr. Constance Kassor is an Assistant Professor of Religious Studies at Lawrence University in Wisconsin, where she teaches courses on Buddhist thought and Asian religious traditions. Her research primarily focuses on Tibetan Buddhist philosophy, and she is currently completing a book manuscript on the philosophy of the 15th-century Tibetan scholar Gorampa Sonam Senge. Connie is also interested in issues related to women and gender minorities in Buddhist traditions, as well as Buddhism and social justice, and she has spent several years living with Buddhist communities in India and Nepal. In addition to her scholarly publications, she has written for Lion’s Roar and Tricycle, and has recently published an audio course on Asian religious traditions for The Great Courses and Audible. ([https://constancekassor.net/ Source Accessed Oct 27, 2021])kassor.net/ Source Accessed Oct 27, 2021]))
Maher, D. + (Dr. Derek F. Maher joined the ECU faculty … Dr. Derek F. Maher joined the ECU faculty in 2003. He earned a PhD and MA in the History of Religions: Tibetan Studies from the Department of Religious Studies at the University of Virginia, and a BA in Philosophy and BS in Physics from Evergreen State College. He is an associate professor of religious studies at East Carolina University. Dr. Maher teaches courses in Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Methodology, and Religion and Violence.His research interests include Tibetan biography, history, philosophy, politics, and especially religion. In particular, he is working on a series of biographies to see how they enact religious, philosophical and political agendas. He is actively engaged in publishing and presenting his research at national and international organizations. ([https://religionprogram.ecu.edu/derek-f-maher-phd/])ligionprogram.ecu.edu/derek-f-maher-phd/]))
Peoples, D. + (Dr. Dion Peoples is scholar of Buddhist Studies and translator of Pali Buddhist Texts. He is affiliated with the College of Religious Studies at Mahidol University in Bangkok Thailand.)
Tyomkin, E. + (Dr. Edvard N. Tyomkin was a Senior Researc … Dr. Edvard N. Tyomkin was a Senior Researcher of the Manuscript Department at the St. Petersburg Branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, a specialist in the history of ancient culture and mythology of India and in Central Asia philology, and author of a series of monographs and articles. ([https://manuscripta-orientalia.kunstkamera.ru/our_authors Adapted from Source Feb 12, 2021])authors Adapted from Source Feb 12, 2021]))

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