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Jones, Christopher + (Chris Jones completed doctoral research at … Chris Jones completed doctoral research at the University of Oxford (St Peter’s College) in 2015, with a thesis that explored the language of selfhood (ātman) in relation to teachings about buddha-nature in Indian Buddhist literature. The thesis was awarded the Khyentse Foundation Award for outstanding doctoral research produced in Europe, and was the foundation for his first monograph – The Buddhist Self: On Tathāgatagarbha and Ātman. Jones spent three further years researching and teaching at Oxford as a Postdoctoral Fellow of the British Academy, and is now on a UK Arts and Humanities Research Project connected to the University of Cambridge, associated also with the University of Edinburgh. His continuing research concerns predominantly Mahāyāna Buddhist thought as preserved across Sanskrit, Chinese and Tibetan literature, as well as the boundaries and interactions between Buddhism and other religious traditions in India and elsewhere. (Personal Communication, September 2021]) (Personal Communication, September 2021]))
Kang, C. + (Chris Kang is Professor in Religion and Co … Chris Kang is Professor in Religion and Contemplative Studies – an independent scholar with special interest in Christian theology and Asian philosophies. He is founder of Awarezen, a digital meditation centre and academy providing online courses on meditation and spirituality for human flourishing and transcendence beyond religious boundaries. He received his PhD in Studies in Religion from The University of Queensland (Australia) in 2003. For nearly two decades, Chris has lectured in Australia at The University of Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland University of Technology, Nan Tien Institute, Queensland Health, and various Buddhist centres. Chris has over 15 years of clinical occupational therapy practice in Australia and Singapore. As a Singapore Government Public Service Commission scholar, he was awarded a Bachelor of Occupational Therapy with First Class Honours from The University of Queensland in 1993. He received a Postgraduate Certificate in International Relations with Dean's Commendation in 2009, also from The University of Queensland. In 2008, he was invited by Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd and Professor Glyn Davis as one of 1,000 delegates to the Australia 2020 Summit at Parliament House, Canberra. Professionally, he is certified in Neurosemantics (2003) and Meta-Coaching (2004) from the International Society of Neurosemantics (USA) and Meta-Coach Foundation (USA). From 2016 to 2018, he was Assistant Professor in Health and Social Sciences (Occupational Therapy) at the Singapore Institute of Technology.Chris directs his academic research and teaching at Asian Centre for Creative Theology. His current research program focuses on Christian theology and Reformed epistemology in comparisons with Buddhist, Confucianist, Daoist, Hindu, and Tantric philosophies from an Asia-centric perspective pivoting on China and India. He also has scholarly interests in Arabic and Continental philosophy. He has over 200 publications and presentations including seven books in Asian and Biblical contemplative wisdoms. His books include ''One in Christ'' (2019), ''The Tantra of Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar: Critical Comparisons and Dialogical Perspectives'' (2017), ''Resting in Christ'' (2015), ''Growing in Christ'' (2015), ''Reclaiming Dhamma: Teachings on Critical Buddhism'' (2014), ''Dhamma Stream: A Garland of Writings on Dhamma, Self, and Society'' (2013), ''Wise Mind Warm Heart'' (2010), and ''The Meditative Way: Readings in the Theory and Practice of Buddhist Meditation'' (1997; co-edited with Rod Bucknell). His academic articles have appeared in ''Asian Journal of Occupational Therapy''; ''Australian Occupational Therapy Journal''; ''Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy''; ''Contemplativa: Journal of Contemplative Studies''; ''Journal of Buddhist Ethics''; ''Mindfulness''; ''Philosophy East and West''; and ''Journal of Reformed Theology''. He is general editor of an open access, open peer review journal ''Contemplativa: Journal of Contemplative Studies''.ativa: Journal of Contemplative Studies''.)
Mortensen, C. + (Chris Mortensen is emeritus professor of p … Chris Mortensen is emeritus professor of philosophy at the University of Adelaide and a fellow of the Academy of Humanities of Australia. His research interests are in logic, metaphysics, philosophy of science, and Buddhism. His publications include Inconsistent Mathematics (1995) and articles in the ''Journal of Symbolic Logic'', the ''Journal of Philosophical Logic'', ''Synthese'', ''Erkenntnis'', the ''Australasian Journal of Philosophy'', ''Philosophy East and West'', and other journals. (Source: ''Pointing at the Moon: Buddhism, Logic, Analytic Philosophy'')n: Buddhism, Logic, Analytic Philosophy''))
Tomlinson, C. + (Chris Tomlinson is the senior software dev … Chris Tomlinson is the senior software developer at BDRC. An innovative programmer, hacker, and researcher from Sun Microsystems who had discovered Buddhism, she relied on TBRC to access Tibetan Buddhist texts online. One day when the site went down, she called the office and Gene Smith picked up. Chris would spend the next two decades as a key technologist for BDRC, helping to share the Dharma globally and transforming the way people access Buddhist literature. ([https://m.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=10162813356912355&id=45559157354#_=_ Source Accessed June 28, 2023])5559157354#_=_ Source Accessed June 28, 2023]))
Schröder, C. + (Christel Matthias Schröder (born January 1 … Christel Matthias Schröder (born January 16 , 1915 in Elsfleth ; † March 14 , 1996 in Bremen ) was a German Protestant pastor and religious scholar.Schröder was the son of a senior government councilor. He studied Protestant theology at the University of Tübingen and at the University of Marburg. He received his doctorate phil. in Marburg. He then worked as a pastor in Jever. The British occupying forces appointed Schröder as the first post-war mayor of Jever (term of office: May 8 , 1945 to July 31, 1945). In 1951 he was initially appointed to the second pastorate at the St. Ansgarii parish in Bremen-Schwachhausen. He also gave his sermons in Low German. He was not only a respected pastor, but also very valued as a mediator of literature and art. Since 1961 he has published the handbook series The Religions of Humanity. In 1972, on the occasion of the anniversary of the Reformation, he gave a lecture about the reformer Heinrich von Zütphen, who gave the first Reformation sermon in Bremen in the St. Ansgarii Church in 1522.After his retirement, Christel Matthias Schröder worked for German Press Research at the University of Bremen. ([https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christel_Matthias_Schr%C3%B6der Source Accessed Dec 7, 2023])chr%C3%B6der Source Accessed Dec 7, 2023]))
Bernert, C. + (Christian Bernert (MA) comes from Austria … Christian Bernert (MA) comes from Austria where he studied Tibetology at the University of Vienna until 2009. He embarked on the Buddhist path in 1999 under the guidance of Khenchen Amipa Rinpoche. Since 2001 he has been studying at IBA, where he currently works as language program coordinator and translator. Christian is a founding member of the Chödung Karmo Translation Group. ([https://conference.tsadra.org/past-event/the-2014-tt-conference/ Source Accessed Jul 20, 2020])His dissertation was published as a book-length translation: ''Perfect or Perfected? Rongtön on Buddha-Nature: A Commentary on the Fourth Chapter of the Ratnagotravibhāga'' (v v.1.27-95[a]). Kathmandu: Vajra Books, 2018.1.27-95[a]). Kathmandu: Vajra Books, 2018.)
Charrier, C. + (Christian Charrier holds a Masters degree … Christian Charrier holds a Masters degree in English and a diploma in psycholinguistics. He was a translator for Geshe Tengye in France, and he completed a three-year retreat under Lama Gendun Rinpoche in le Bost, France. He has been a translation consultant for Tsadra Foundation from 2002–2003 and has been a Tsadra Foundation Fellow since 2004.'''Current Projects as a Tsadra Foundation Fellow:''' *''Le Voyage et son but'', Jamgön Kongtrul*''La pratique des tantras bouddhistes'', Jamgön Kongtrul'''Completed Projects as a Tsadra Foundation Fellow:''' *''Marpa, maître de Milarépa, sa vie, ses chants'', Tsang Nyeun Hérouka*''Vie de Jamgœun Kongtrul, écrite par lui-même'', Jamgön Kongtrul*''L’Ondée de sagesse, Chants de la lignée Kagyu'', Karmapa Mikyeu Dorje, Tènpai Nyinjé*''Rayons de lune, Les étapes de la méditation du Mahamudra'', Dakpo Tashi Namgyal*''Au Coeur du ciel Vol I and II'', Pawo Rinpoche, the Eighth Karmapa Mikyö Dorje (from the English translation by Karl Brunnhölzl – ''The Centre of the Sunlit Sky'')*''Lumière de diamant'', de Dakpo Tashi Namgyal*''Mémoires: La Vie et l’œuvre de Jamgön Kongtrul'', by Jamgön Kongtrul, new edition*''Traité de la Continuité suprême du Grand Véhicule - Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra, avec le commentaire de Jamgön Kongtrul Lodreu Thayé L'Incontestable Rugissement du lion''. Plazac: Éditions Padmakara, 2019.*''Les Systèmes Philosophiques Bouddhistes'', Éditions Padmakara, 2020.'''Previously Published Translations:''' *''Kalachakra'', Dalai Lama*''La Roue aux lames acérées'', Dharmarakshita, commentary by Geshé Tengyé*''La Voie progressive vers l’éveil'', Jé Tsong Khapa ([http://tsadra-wp.tsadra.org/translators/christian-charrier/ Source: Tsadra.org])dra.org/translators/christian-charrier/ Source: Tsadra.org]))
Lindtner, C. + (Christian Lindtner is Danish citizen, born … Christian Lindtner is Danish citizen, born in 1949. He received his PhD in Buddhist Studies in 1982 from the University of Copenhagen. He has published numerous books of translations from Oriental languages and edited many texts – mainly philosophical – for the first time from original manuscripts in Sanskrit and Tibetan (discovered in libraries in Tibet, Mongolia, and India). He has been a contributor to many learned journals (history of religions, philosophy, history, philology). He has taught and lectured at many universities in Europe, USA, and Asia. ([https://codoh.com/library/authors/lindtner-christian/ Adapted from Source Feb 26, 2021])istian/ Adapted from Source Feb 26, 2021]))
Baumer, C. + (Christoph Baumer is a Swiss scholar and ex … Christoph Baumer is a Swiss scholar and explorer. From 1984 onwards, he has conducted explorations in Central Asia, China and Tibet, the results of which have been published in numerous books, scholarly publications and radio programs. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Baumer Wikipedia])edia.org/wiki/Christoph_Baumer Wikipedia]))
Cüppers, C. + (Christoph Cüppers studied Indology and Tib … Christoph Cüppers studied Indology and Tibetology at the University of Hamburg following seven years at the University of Düsseldorfer Kunstakademie. From 1983 to 1988, he served as Deputy Director and Director at the Nepal-German Manuscript Preservation Project. Since 1995, he is Director of the Lumbini International Research Institute. In his research, he focuses on the history of 17th century Tibet, Tibetan law and the state administration, as well as on cultural exchanges between Tibetan and Nepal. (Source: ''Handbook of Tibetan Iconometry'')ource: ''Handbook of Tibetan Iconometry''))
Bell, Christopher + (Christopher Bell, PhD, is an associate pro … Christopher Bell, PhD, is an associate professor of religious studies at Stetson University. He received his bachelor of arts degree in creative writing and religions and his master of arts degree in religious studies from Florida State University. He received his doctoral degree from the University of Virginia, where his area of concentration has been in Tibetan and Buddhist studies. He has experience as a teaching assistant and as an instructor at both Florida State University and at the University of Virginia, as well as experience for one year as a teaching associate at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology in Hong Kong. During his graduate program he was awarded a Fulbright Institute of International Education Graduate Fellowship for International Study and completed extensive multi-country field research in the Chinese cities of Xining, Chengdu, and Lhasa, Tibet, as well as in Dharamsala, India. He is a member of the Phi Beta Kappa honor society. ([https://www.stetson.edu/other/faculty/christopher-bell.php Source Accessed Oct. 31, 2023])r-bell.php Source Accessed Oct. 31, 2023]))
Wilkinson, Christopher + (Christopher Wilkinson began his career in … Christopher Wilkinson began his career in Buddhist literature at the age of fifteen, taking refuge vows from his guru Dezhung Rinpoche. In that same year he began formal study of Tibetan language at the University of Washington under Geshe Ngawang Nornang and Turrell Wylie. He then received many instructions from Kalu Rinpoche, completing the traditional practice of five hundred thousand Mahamudra preliminaries. In his later life he completed several lengthy meditation retreats. He became a Buddhist monk for three years, beginning at the age of eighteen, living in the home of Dezhung Rinpoche while he continued his studies at the University of Washington. He graduated in 1980 with a B.A. degree in Asian Languages and Literature and another B.A. degree in Comparative Religion (College Honors, Magna Cum Laude, Phi Beta Kappa). After a two year tour of Buddhist pilgrimage sites throughout Asia he worked for five years in refugee resettlement in Seattle, Washington, then proceeded to the University of Calgary for an M.A. in Buddhist Studies where he wrote a groundbreaking thesis on the Yangti transmission of the Great Perfection tradition titled “Clear Meaning: Studies on a Thirteenth Century rDzog chen Tantra.” He proceeded to work on a critical edition of the Sanskrit text of the 20,000 line Perfection of Wisdom in Berkeley, California, followed by an intensive study of Burmese language in Hawaii. In 1990 he began three years’ service as a visiting professor in English Literature in Sulawesi, Indonesia, exploring the remnants of the ancient Sri Vijaya Empire there. He worked as a research fellow for the Shelly and Donald Rubin Foundation for several years, playing a part in the early development of the famous Rubin Museum of Art. In the years that followed he became a Research Fellow at the Centre de Recherches sur les Civilisations de l'Asie Orientale, Collège de France, and taught at the University of Calgary as an Adjunct Professor for five years. He is currently completing his doctoral dissertation, a study of the Yoginitantra first translated into Tibetan during the Eighth century of our era, at the University of Leiden’s Institute for Area Studies. Wishing to bring the literature which has inspired him through his many years of Buddhist study and practice into fruition he has spent the years from 2009 to the present translating the works of the Sakya Founders, a portion of which forms the contents of the present volume. (Source = Chris Wilkinson person communication)ce = Chris Wilkinson person communication))
Kelley, C. + (Christopher “Doc” Kelley received a PhD in … Christopher “Doc” Kelley received a PhD in Religion from Columbia University where he studied Indo-Tibetan Buddhism with Robert A. F. Thurman. He is a scholar of Buddhism and an adjunct professor in religious studies at Eugene Lang College of Liberal Arts, The New School University. He is also the co-founder of Consciousness Hacking NYC, and a founder and co-facilitator of Psychedelic Sangha. ([https://menla.org/teachers/dr-christopher-kelley/ Source Accessed May 13, 2021])her-kelley/ Source Accessed May 13, 2021]))
Chos rje gling pa + (Chöje Lingpa, also known as Rokje Lingpa a … Chöje Lingpa, also known as Rokje Lingpa as well as several other names, was initially recognized as the rebirth of a Kagyu master by the Seventh Shamarpa and installed at Rechung Phuk, an institution named after Milarepa's disciple Rechungpa and the site where Tsangnyön Heruka wrote his famous biography of Milarepa. Though Chöje Lingpa he would become an important teacher to several important Kagyu hierarchs including the Karmapa and Shamarpa, he we also involved with several Nyingma masters, including the tertön Taksham Nuden Dorje who granted him prophecies and made him the steward of his treasures. He would become a prolific tertön in his own right and came to be considered the penultimate emanation of Gyalse Lhaje, prior to his rebirth as Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo.to his rebirth as Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo.)
Yü, C. + (Chün-fang Yü has long been interested in h … Chün-fang Yü has long been interested in how Buddhism developed in China, and how conditions in China shaped various changes in Buddhism. She has explored these questions in works that range from the historical transformation of Guanyin (Kuan-yin) from male to female, to the work of women in Buddhism today. She was born in China and educated in Taiwan, graduating from Tunghai University with a major in English Literature and minor in Chinese philosophy. She received a MA degree from Smith College in English Literature and a Ph.D. in Religion from Columbia University, specializing in Chinese Buddhism. She taught at Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey from 1972 to 2004 when she returned to Columbia. She is the Sheng Yen Professor Emerita in Chinese Buddhist Studies, and a faculty member in both Religion and EALAC.Her research interests are quite broad. Her early works deal with the history of Chinese Buddhist thought and institutions.Later she focused on Buddhist rituals and practices. Her first book, "The Renewal of Buddhism in China: Chu-hung and the Late Ming Synthesis (1981), is one of the earliest studies in English on post-Tang Buddhism. Other articles dealing with Chinese Buddhism in the late imperial period include: “Chung-feng Ming-pen and Ch’an Buddhism in the Yuan” (1982), “Ch’an Education in the Sung: Ideals and Procedures” (1989), and the Cambridge History of China’s “Buddhism in the Ming Dynasty” (1998). She is also interested in the interaction between religion, including Buddhism, and Chinese society. With Susan Naquin, she co-edited "Pilgrims and Sacred Sites in China" (1992). She is the editor of “In Search of the Dharma: Memoirs of a Modern Chinese Buddhist Pilgrim” ( 1992) and "The Ultimate Realm: Doctrines of Tienti Teachings, A New Religion" (1994) Her book "Kuan-yin: The Chinese Transformation of Avalokiteśvara" (2001) traces the patterns of the evolution of the cult of Guanyin through the various medias of transmission and promotion of the cult. More recently she studied the prominent roles of Buddhist nuns in Taiwan which resulted in the publication of “Passing of the Light: The Incense Light Community and Buddhist Nuns in Contemporary Taiwan” (2013).Her current research interests reflect her continuing fascination with the transformation of Buddhism in China. She has begun a new project which is tentatively entitled “The Creation of a Buddhist Pantheon”; it studies the pairing of two bodhisattvas: Guanyin and Dizang, in iconography and temple architecture from the tenth century on. ([https://religion.columbia.edu/content/chun-fang-yu Source Accessed June 2, 2023])hun-fang-yu Source Accessed June 2, 2023]))
Chǒngjung Musang + (Chǒngjung Musang. (C. Jingzhong Wuxiang; J … Chǒngjung Musang. (C. Jingzhong Wuxiang; J. Jōshu Musō (680-756, alt. 684-762). Korean-Chinese Chan master of the Tang dynasty; because he was of Korean heritage, he is usually called Musang in the literature, following the Korean pronunciation of his dharma name, or Master Kim (K. Kim hwasang; C. Jin heshang), using his Korean surname. Musang is said to have been the third son of a Silla king and wasordained in Korea at the monastery of Kunnamsa. In 728, he arrived in the Chinese capital of Chang’an (present-day Xi’an) and had an audience with the Tang emperor Xuanzong (r. 712-756), who appointed him to the monastery of Chandingsi. Musang subsequently traveled to Chu (in present day Sichuan province) and became a disciple of the monk Chuji (alt. 648-734, 650-732, 669-736), who gave him dharmatransmission at the monastery of Dechunsi in Zizhou (present day Sichuan province). He later resided at the monastery of Jingzhongsi in Chengdu (present-day Sichuan province; later known as Wanfosi), which gave him his toponym Chǒngjung (C. Jingzhong). Musang became famous for his ascetic practices and meditative prowess. Musang also began conferring a unique set of precepts known as the three propositions (sanju): “no recollection” (wuji), which was equated with morality (śīla); “no thought” (wunian) with concentration (samādhi); and “no forgetting” (mowang) with wisdom (prajñā). He also taught a practice known as yinsheng nianfo, a method of reciting the name of the Buddha by extending the length of the intonation. Musang’s prosperous lineage in Sichuan came to be known as the Jingzhong zong line of Chan. Musang seems to have taught or influenced several renowned Chan monks, including Heze Shenhui (668-760), Baotang Wuzhu (714-774), and Mazu Daoyi (707-786); he also played an important role in transmitting Chan to Tibet in the 750s and 760s. (Source: "Chǒngjung Musang." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 187. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Aveline, C. + (Claude Aveline, pen name of Evgen Avtsine … Claude Aveline, pen name of Evgen Avtsine (19 July 1901 – 4 November 1992), was a writer, publisher, editor, poet and member of the French Resistance. Aveline, who was born in Paris, France, has authored numerous books and writings throughout his writing career. He was known as a versatile author, writing novels, poems, screenplays, plays, articles, sayings, and more. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Aveline Source Accessed Feb 14, 2023])ude_Aveline Source Accessed Feb 14, 2023]))
Brown, C. + (Claudia Brown joined the art history facul … Claudia Brown joined the art history faculty at the Herberger College School of Art, Arizona State University in 1998. Recently, she served a four-year term as director of the ASU Center for Asian Studies.Prior to coming to ASU Herberger College of the Arts, Professor Brown served as curator of Asian Art at the Phoenix Art Museum since 1979. She continues to serve as consultant Research Curator for Asian Art at Phoenix Art Museum, and published two of the museum’s exhibition catalogs, "Weaving China’s Past: The Amy S. Clague Collection of Chinese Textiles" (2000) and "Minol Araki" (1999).While finishing her doctoral work in the history of Chinese art at the University of Kansas, Brown worked at the National Palace Museum, Taiwan, and taught at California State University Long Beach.Professor Brown's art historical exhibitions, organized for the Phoenix Art Museum and other institutions, have been shown widely, including international venues at the Museum für Ostasiatiche Kunst, Berlin (1995); Musée Cernuschi, Paris (1999); Hong Kong Museum of Art (1993); and the Suntory Museum of Art, Tokyo (1988). Nationally, Brown's exhibitions have been presented at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (1985); the China Institute in America, New York (1990 and 2003); the Denver Art Museum (1992); Honolulu Academy of Arts (1993); and the Arthur M. Sackler Museum at Harvard University (1991).Her research and teaching interests lie in later Chinese painting and decorative arts, museums and exhibitions. She has lectured in China, India, Korea and Taiwan. Her book, "Great Qing: Painting in China, 1644–1911," was published by University of Washington Press in 2014. She is currently working on a book on the arts of the Qing dynasty. ([https://search.asu.edu/profile/190460 Source Accessed Feb 24, 2023])file/190460 Source Accessed Feb 24, 2023]))
Fregiehn, C. + (Claudia Fregiehn completed her master's de … Claudia Fregiehn completed her master's degree in translation at Rangjung Yeshe Institute in 2023. She was a recipient of a Tsadra Foundation Study Scholarship. The title of her MA thesis is "Who Is the Author? Mangtö Ludrup Gyatso's ''Essential Nectar'' in the Collected Works of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo: A Case Study of the Attribution of Authorship in Tibetan Buddhism."bution of Authorship in Tibetan Buddhism.")
Regamey, K. + (Constantin Regamey (28 January 1907 – 27 D … Constantin Regamey (28 January 1907 – 27 December 1982) was a philologist, Orientalist, musician, composer, and critic. He was a significant presence among intellectual and artistic circles in Warsaw during the 1930s and later a professor at the Universities of Lausanne and Fribourg.Born in Kiev of Swiss and Polish ancestry, at the age of 13 Regamey moved to Warsaw, where he studied piano with Józef Turczyński and music theory with Felicjan Szopski. In 1931, he received a degree from the University of Warsaw in oriental and classical philology. He became a lecturer there in 1936. In 1937 he married Anna Janina Kucharska - a student of Romance Philology at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. From 1937 to 1939, he edited the magazine Muzyka Polska and was very active as a music critic.Regamey remained in Poland during the Second World War. Under the pseudonym Czesław Drogowski, he engaged with underground resistance organizations as a courier in the Army. During the war he continued to be active in the musical life of Warsaw, playing in bars and cafes and participating in the International Society for Contemporary Music. He also taught himself the principles of composition and began composing seriously in 1942. He later studied composition formally with Kazimierz Sikorski. In 1944 he completed a quintet for clarinet, bassoon, violin, cello and piano that was admired by Witold Lutosławski. Regamey utilizes twelve-tone technique in this piece, among the first composers in Poland to do so.Following the defeat of the Warsaw Uprising in October 1944, he moved to Lausanne, Switzerland. In 1945, he became professor of Slavic and Oriental languages at the University of Lausanne. He also taught linguistics at the University of Fribourg beginning in 1946. During this time he delivered lectures abroad in India and Egypt and published books and articles on oriental philology and Buddhist philosophy. He continued to compose, many of his works being premiered by the Swiss conductor Paul Sacher. His works were also performed at the Donaueschingen Festival. From 1963 to 1968 he was President of the Schweizerische Tonkünstlerverein. Regamey died in 1982, four years after his retirement. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_Regamey Source Accessed Sep 3, 2021])ntin_Regamey Source Accessed Sep 3, 2021]))
Segers, C. + (Corinne Segers is a translator for the Ringu Tulku Archive and an editor of several of his books.)
Dahl, C. + (Cortland J. Dahl received a Ph.D. in Mind, … Cortland J. Dahl received a Ph.D. in Mind, Brain and Contemplative Science from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and also completed an MA degree in Buddhist Studies and Tibetan language at Naropa University. He has worked as an instructor at Kathmandu University's Center for Buddhist Studies, located in Kathmandu, as well as an interpreter for various lamas, including Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche and Yongey Mingyur Rinpoche. He currently serves as president of Tergar International and as a senior instructor in the Tergar Meditation Community. He lives with his wife and son in Madison, Wisconsin.th his wife and son in Madison, Wisconsin.)
Dharmapriya + (Cotranslator with Zhu Fonian of the ''Aṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā''.)
Jamieson, R. + (Craig Jamieson is Keeper of Sanskrit Manus … Craig Jamieson is Keeper of Sanskrit Manuscripts at the University of Cambridge. Before Cambridge he taught Buddhism in the Study of Religion Department at the University of Leicester. His best-known works are ''Perfection of Wisdom'', which has a preface by the Dalai Lama, and ''Nagarjuna's Verses''. A facsimile edition of the Lotus Sutra made available in print two Cambridge palm leaf manuscripts from around one thousand years ago, Add. 1682 and Add. 1683. A major exhibition took place in 2014 entitled Buddha's Word: The Life of Books in Tibet and Beyond. A short video of the Perfection of Wisdom manuscript came out in 2017. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_Jamieson Adapted from Source Mar 10, 2021])amieson Adapted from Source Mar 10, 2021]))
Tarchin, Dorje + (Creator of The Tibetan Mirror, Tibetan language periodical)
Yates, J. + (Culadasa (John Yates, Ph.D.) is the direct … Culadasa (John Yates, Ph.D.) is the director of Dharma Treasure Buddhist Sangha in Tucson, Arizona and author of The Mind Illuminated: A Complete Meditation Guide Using Buddhist Wisdom and Brain Science (Dharma Treasure Press, October 6, 2015). A meditation master with over four decades of experience in the Tibetan and Theravadin Buddhist traditions, Culadasa was ordained as an Upasaka (dedicated lay-practitioner) in 1976 and received ordination in the International Order of Buddhist ministers in Rosemead, California in December 2009.His principle teachers were Upasaka Kema Ananda and the Venerable Jotidhamma Bhikkhu, both trained in the Theravadin and Tibetan Karma Kagyu traditions with lineage to the Venerable Ananda Bodhi (later recognized by the 16th Gyalwa Karmapa as the tulku Namgyal Rinpoche).For many years, Culadasa taught physiology and neuroscience and worked at the forefront of the new fields of complementary healthcare education, physical medicine, and therapeutic massage. His unique lineage allows Culadasa to provide his students with a broad and in-depth perspective on the Buddha Dharma. He combines the original teachings of the Buddha with an emerging, scientific understanding of the mind to give students a rich and rare opportunity for rapid progress and profound insight.In 1996, Culadasa retired from academia and moved with his wife Nancy into an old Apache stronghold in the southeastern Arizona wilderness to live a contemplative life and deepen their spiritual practice together. Culadasa leads retreats on his land in Arizona and across the United States. Source[http://culadasa.com/about/]ates. Source[http://culadasa.com/about/])
Nguyen, C. + (Cuong Tu Nguyen received his PhD from Harv … Cuong Tu Nguyen received his PhD from Harvard University (specializing in Indian Buddhism). His works on Vietnamese Buddhism include "Rethinking Vietnamese Buddhist History: Is the ''Then Uyen Tap Anh'' a 'Transmission of the Lamp Text'?" "Tran Thai Tong and Khoa Hu Lue: A Study of Syncretic Ch'an in 13th Century Vietnam," and ''Zen in Medieval Vietnam: A Study and Translation of the Thien Uyen Tap Anh.'' With A. Charles Muller he co-edited ''Wonhyo's Philosophy of Mind'', Volume II, (University of Hawai'i Press). He is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies at George Mason University.igious Studies at George Mason University.)
Martin, D. + (Currently a literary translator for The In … Currently a literary translator for The Institute of Tibetan Classics, Dan Martin completed his doctoral degree in Tibetan Studies with minors in Religious Studies and Anthropology at the Department of Central Eurasian Studies in 1991. He has taught courses as a Visiting Lecturer at Indiana, Hamburg, and Harvard Universities. He has held research positions in Bloomington, Oslo, and Jerusalem. His publications include over 30 articles as well as books entitled ''Mandala Cosmogony'', Harrassowitz (Wiesbaden 1994), ''Unearthing Bon Treasures'', Brill (Leiden 2001), and the bibliography ''Tibetan Histories'', Serindia (London 1997). His main areas of research fall within the realm of the cultural history of Tibet, from the tenth century to the twentieth. His interests are in Indian and Tibetan literature, medicine and religions, as well as Eurasian interconnections in the same fields. These days he is finalizing a translation of a 400-page history of Buddhism in India and Tibet composed in the late 13th century. ([https://iias.huji.ac.il/people/dan-martin Source Accessed Aug 3, 2020])e/dan-martin Source Accessed Aug 3, 2020]))
Stearns, C. + (Cyrus Stearns has twenty-seven years of ex … Cyrus Stearns has twenty-seven years of experience in the study of Tibetan language, literature, and religion. He has extensive experience in the translation of Tibetan Buddhist texts into English. From 1973 until 1987 he studied with the late Dezhung Tulku Rinpoche, and from 1985 until 1991 he studied with Chogye Trichen Rinpoche. During most of these years he was the principal translator for both teachers. Cyrus lived for about eight years Nepal, India, and Southeast Asia. He has often translated for Tibetan teachers of all traditions during public talks and seminars in the United States, Europe, and Southeast Asia.Cyrus was educated at the University of Alabama and received his PhD from the University of Washington in 1996. In 1985 Cyrus was the leader of the Smithsonian Institute's Associates Tour to Tibet and China, one of the first groups allowed into Tibet after many years of travel restriction by the Chinese government. He was a Tsadra Foundation fellow from 2003–2015. He is currently an independent scholar and translator and lives in the woods on Whidbey Island north of Seattle, Washington.'''Completed Projects as a Tsadra Foundation Fellow:'''*''King of the Empty Plain: The Tibetan Iron-Bridge Builder Tangtong Gyalpo'', Lochen Gyurmé Dechen*''Treasury of Esoteric Instructions: A Commentary on Virupa’s "Vajra Lines,"'' Lama Dampa Sönam Gyaltsen*''The Buddha from Dölpo: A Study of the Life and Thought of the Tibetan Master Dölpopa Sherab Gyaltsen'', rev. ed.*''Treasury of Esoteric Instructions'', Lama Dampa Sonam Gyaltsen, Virupa*''Song of the Road, The Poetic Travel Journal of Tsarchen Losal Gyatso'', Tsarchen Losel Gyatso'''Previously Published Books:'''*''The Buddha from Dolpo: A Study of the Life and Thought of the Tibetan Master Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen''*''Luminous Lives: The Story of the Early Masters of the Lam ’Bras Tradition in Tibet''*''Hermit of Go Cliffs: Timeless Instructions from a Tibetan Mystic'', Godrakpa*''Taking the Result as the Path: Core Teachings of the Sakya Lamdré Tradition'' ([http://tsadra-wp.tsadra.org/translators/cyrus-stearns/ Source Accessed March 29, 2019])-stearns/ Source Accessed March 29, 2019]))
Moerman, D. + (D. Max Moerman is Professor in the Departm … D. Max Moerman is Professor in the Department of Asian and Middle Eastern Cultures. He is Co-Chair of the Columbia University Seminar in Buddhist Studies and an Associate Director of the Columbia Center for Buddhism and Asian Religions. He holds an A.B. from Columbia College and a Ph.D. from Stanford University. His research interests are in the visual and material culture of Japanese religions. ([https://barnard.edu/profiles/d-max-moerman Source Accessed Nov 29, 2023])max-moerman Source Accessed Nov 29, 2023]))
Barua, D. + (D. Mitra Barua teaches and conducts resear … D. Mitra Barua teaches and conducts research on Buddhism in South and Southeast Asia and its diasporic expressions. With a PhD in religious studies, Mitra received trainings in both textual and social scientific study of religion.His recent monograph ''Seeding Buddhism with Multiculturalism'' (McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2019) explains what being Buddhist means in Sri Lankan Buddhism across three distinct times and spaces: colonial Ceylon, postcolonial Sri Lanka and immigrant-friendly Canada.As a research partner at the University of Toronto’s Ho Centre for Buddhist Studies, Mitra examines Buddhism in the India-Bangladesh-Myanmar border region with an emphasis on centuries-long Buddhist transnational networks across the region and beyond. He currently teaches Buddhist philosophy at the Antioch-Carleton Buddhist Studies Program at Bodh Gaya, India. He also taught and conducted research at Cornell University, Rice University and the University of Saskatchewan. ([https://buddhiststudies.utoronto.ca/d-mitra-barua/ Source Accessed July 20, 2023])tra-barua/ Source Accessed July 20, 2023]))
Osto, D. + (D.E. Osto (a.k.a. 'Douglas Osto', 'Dr D', … D.E. Osto (a.k.a. 'Douglas Osto', 'Dr D', or 'Dee' to friends; pronouns: they/them) is a member of the Philosophy Programme in the School of Humanities, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. D specializes in Indian Mahayana Buddhism, South Asian religions and philosophies, contemporary Buddhist and Hindu practice. ([https://massey.academia.edu/DouglasOsto Source Accessed June 1, 2021])DouglasOsto Source Accessed June 1, 2021]))
Altner, D. + (DIANA ALTNER is a postdoctoral student at the Institute of Asian and African Studies, Humboldt University in Berlin. Her research focuses on infrastructure development and the transformation of everyday life in central Tibet.)
Ermakov, D. + (DMITRY ERMAKOV was born in 1967 in Leningr … DMITRY ERMAKOV was born in 1967 in Leningrad, Soviet Union, and trained as a classical musician from the age of six. He was raised in a highly cultural environment, attending after-school classes on ancient history, mythology and art history at the prestigious Hermitage Museum. During his summer holidays he often participated in archaeological digs led by his aunt, the former Head of Archaeology at Kiev University. In 1987 Dmitry joined the University of Leningrad's expedition to Khakassia near the Tuvan (Tyvan) border to excavate Scythian Kurgans. This was his first trip to Siberia.His interest in Buddhism began in his childhood, with a book called Gods of the Lotus by Parfionov. The book details the author's trip to the Himalayas and it opened up a whole new world of deities and religions. Later, this interest was combined with martial arts based on Taoism and Zen philosophy, and Qi Gong, disciplines which were strictly forbidden in the Soviet Union. It was only with the coming of Perestroika in 1989 that Dmitry was able to meet Buddhist masters: receiving a blessing for the Lotus Sutra from a Japanese Zen master; and then teachings and initiations from a Tibetan Buddhist lamas: Bakula Rinpoche (1989), Khenchen Palden Sherab and Khenpo Tsewang Dongyal Rinpoches (1991), Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche (1992). In 1993 Dmitry moved to the UK and in 1995 he met the great Bönpo master Yongdzin Lopon Tenzin Namdak Rinpoche. He has been practising Yungdrung Bon and attending Yongdzin Rinpoche's teachings ever since.Dmitry first visited Buryatia in 1990 where he struck up a deep friendship with the Buddhist thangka-painter Batodalai Doogarov as well as with a several of the local bo and utgan shamans. Welcomed into their circle, Dmitry was able to gain unique insight into the Buryatian spiritual tradition of Bo Murgel, insight which developed into a detailed study of the similarities and differences between this ancient tradition and Yungdrung Bon. With the patient help of Yongdzin Rinpoche, Dmitry spent years researching a large anthology, Bo and Bon: Ancient Shamanic Traditions of Siberia and Tibet in their Relation to the Teachings of a Central Asian Buddha, (2008), which sheds new light on both traditions. Dmitry went on to study Tibetan at Oxford University with Prof. Charles Ramble (2009-2010) and, as well as having articles published in both English and Russian, has been invited to lecture in Oxford, London, St. Petersburg, Vilnius, Cagliari, Budapest etc. His knowledge of Tibetan brings a new level of scholarship to the books and transcripts he and his wife Carol produce for the international Bonpo sangha.Dmitry currently lives in the North Pennines, UK, where he works as a freelance translator. Alongside his work for the Bon tradition, he is currently composing pieces for a new fusion album.y composing pieces for a new fusion album.)
Daehaeng + (Daehaeng Kun Sunim (대행, 大行; 1927–2012) was … Daehaeng Kun Sunim (대행, 大行; 1927–2012) was a Korean Buddhist nun and Seon (禪) master. She taught monks as well as nuns, and helped to increase the participation of young people and men in Korean Buddhism. She made laypeople a particular focus of her efforts, and broke out of traditional models of spiritual practice, teaching so that anyone could practice, regardless of monastic status or gender. She was also a major force for the advancement of Bhikkunis (nuns), heavily supporting traditional nuns’ colleges as well as the modern Bhikkuni Council of Korea. The temple she founded, Hanmaum Seon Center, grew to have 15 branches in Korea, with another 10 branches in other countries. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daehaeng Source Accessed Nov 24, 2020])ki/Daehaeng Source Accessed Nov 24, 2020]))
Suzuki, D. T. + (Daisetsu Teitaro Suzuki (鈴木大拙貞太郎 ''Suzuk … Daisetsu Teitaro Suzuki (鈴木大拙貞太郎 ''Suzuki Daisetsu Teitarō''; he rendered his name "Daisetz" in 1894; 18 October 1870 – 12 July 1966) was a Japanese author of books and essays on Buddhism, Zen and Shin that were instrumental in spreading interest in both Zen and Shin (and Far Eastern philosophy in general) to the West. Suzuki was also a prolific translator of Chinese, Japanese, and Sanskrit literature. Suzuki spent several lengthy stretches teaching or lecturing at Western universities, and devoted many years to a professorship at Ōtani University, a Japanese Buddhist school. He was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1963. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D.T._Suzuki Source Accessed July 30, 2020]).T._Suzuki Source Accessed July 30, 2020]))
Huineng + (Dajian Huineng (traditional Chinese: 大鑒惠能; … Dajian Huineng (traditional Chinese: 大鑒惠能; pinyin: Dàjiàn Huìnéng; Wade–Giles: Ta-chien; Japanese: Daikan Enō; Korean: Hyeneung); (February 27, 638 – August 28, 713), also commonly known as the Sixth Patriarch or Sixth Ancestor of Chan (traditional Chinese: 禪宗六祖), is a semi-legendary but central figure in the early history of Chinese Chan Buddhism. According to tradition he was an uneducated layman who suddenly attained awakening upon hearing the ''Diamond Sutra''. Despite his lack of formal training, he demonstrated his understanding to the fifth patriarch, Daman Hongren, who then supposedly chose Huineng as his true successor instead of his publicly known selection of Yuquan Shenxiu.Twentieth century scholarship revealed that the story of Huineng's Buddhist career was likely invented by the monk Heze Shenhui, who claimed to be one of Huineng's disciples and was highly critical of Shenxiu's teaching.Huineng is regarded as the founder of the "Sudden Enlightenment" Southern Chan school of Buddhism, which focuses on an immediate and direct attainment of Buddhist enlightenment. ''The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch'' (六祖壇經), which is said to be a record of his teachings, is a highly influential text in the East Asian Buddhist tradition. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huineng Source Accessed July 14, 2021])ki/Huineng Source Accessed July 14, 2021]))
Arnold, D. + (Dan Arnold is a scholar of Indian Buddhist … Dan Arnold is a scholar of Indian Buddhist philosophy, which he engages in a constructive and comparative way. Considering Indian Buddhist philosophy as integral to the broader tradition of Indian philosophy, he has particularly focused on topics at issue among Buddhist schools of thought (chiefly, those centering on the works of Nāgārjuna and of Dharmakīrti), often considering these in conversation with critics from the orthodox Brahmanical school of Pūrva Mīmāṃsā. His first book – ''Buddhists, Brahmins, and Belief: Epistemology in South Asian Philosophy of Religion'' (Columbia University Press, 2005) – won an American Academy of Religion Award for Excellence in the Study of Religion. His second book – ''Brains, Buddhas, and Believing: The Problem of Intentionality in Classical Buddhist and Cognitive-Scientific Philosophy of Mind'' (Columbia University Press, 2012) – centers on the contemporary philosophical category of intentionality, taken as useful in thinking through central issues in classical Buddhist epistemology and philosophy of mind. This book received the Toshihide Numata Book Prize in Buddhism, awarded by the Center for Buddhist Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. He is presently working on an anthology of Madhyamaka texts in translation, to appear in the series "Historical Sourcebooks in Classical Indian Thought." His essays have appeared in such journals as ''Philosophy East and West'', the ''Journal of Indian Philosophy'', ''Asian Philosophy'', the ''Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies'', the ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', and ''Revue Internationale de Philosophie''. ([https://salc.uchicago.edu/daniel-arnold Source Accessed Jul 13, 2020])niel-arnold Source Accessed Jul 13, 2020]))
Cozort, D. + (Dan Cozort grew up in North Dakota, where … Dan Cozort grew up in North Dakota, where he ran cross-country and track and was a successful debater and extemporaneous speaker. At Brown University he majored in religious studies, specializing in Christian theology and ethics. At the graduate school of the University of Virginia, he specialized in Buddhism, learned Tibetan and Sanskrit, and began his collaboration with Tibetan lamas. He did a year of fieldwork in India, traveling broadly and staying in Tibetan monasteries. His teaching career began with a two-year appointment at Bates College in Maine. Coming to Dickinson in 1988, he proposed that the College join the South India Term Abroad consortium, which he directed in Madurai, south India, in 1992-93. In 1991 he organized the Festival of Tibet at Dickinson, which included an art exhibit he curated and was the initial occasion in which Tibetan monks constructed a Buddhist sand painting in the Trout Gallery. The monks returned in 1995 to construct another; he collaborated with Prof. Lonna Malmsheimer on a film to document it. In 2000 he began to teach in the Norwich Humanities Programme in England and in 2003-2005 he was its resident director. Prof. Cozort’s teaching is principally in the area of comparative religion, where he offers courses on Buddhism and Hinduism. However, he has also taught about Native American religions, about love and sex in relation to religion, about happiness, and has taught a variety of courses in the theory of religious studies. Currently, in addition to introductory courses, he frequently offers “Contemplative Practices in Asia,” “Buddhism and the Environment,” and “Spiritual Dimensions of Healing,” a course on the relation of religion and medicine. He is the author of six books: Highest Yoga tantra, Buddhist Philosophy, Unique Tenets of the Middle Way Consequence School, Sand Mandala of Vajrabhairava, Sadhana of Mahakala, and Enlightenment Through Imagination. He also edited the Oxford Handbook of Buddhist Ethics.He has also written numerous book chapters and articles and a film script. From 2006 to 2019, he was the Editor of the Journal of Buddhist Ethics. ([https://www.dickinson.edu/site/custom_scripts/dc_faculty_profile_index.php?fac=cozort Source Accessed Apr 14, 2021])?fac=cozort Source Accessed Apr 14, 2021]))
Hirshberg, D. + (Dan Hirshberg’s study and practice of Tibe … Dan Hirshberg’s study and practice of Tibetan Buddhism began as an undergrad in 1996 and culminated in a PhD at Harvard University (2012) where his dissertation focused on Nyang-rel Nyima Ozer (1124–92), the first of the great Buddhist treasure revealers, and the textual and religious innovations that produced the first biography of Padmasambhava. Dan is now Assistant Professor of Religion at the The University of Mary Washington in Fredericksburg, VA, where he directs the Contemplative Studies program and serves as associate director of the Leidecker Center for Asian Studies. His first book, Remembering the Lotus-Born: Padmasambhava in the History of Tibet's Golden Age (Wisdom Publications 2016), explores the earliest re/construction of Tibet's most popular narrative, its conversion to Buddhism under the emperors, by means of Tibetan innovations in reincarnation theory, textual revelation, and historiography. It won Honorable Mention for the E. Gene Smith Book Prize from the Association for Asian Studies in 2018.the Association for Asian Studies in 2018.)
Yü, D. + (Dan Smyer Yü is Kuige Professor of Ethnolo … Dan Smyer Yü is Kuige Professor of Ethnology, School of Ethnology and Sociology and the National Centre for Borderlands Ethnic Studies in Southwest China at Yunnan University. He received his Ph.D. in anthropology from the University of California at Davis in 2006. Prior to his current faculty appointment, he was the Founding Director of the Center for Trans-Himalayan Studies at Yunnan Minzu University, a Senior Researcher/Research Group Leader at the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity, a core member of the Transregional Research Network (CETREN) at University of Göttingen, and a New Millennium Scholar at Minzu University of China, Beijing. He is the author of ''The Spread of Tibetan Buddhism in China: Charisma, Money, Enlightenment'' (Routledge 2011) and ''Mindscaping the Landscape of Tibet: Place, Memorability, Eco-aesthetics'' (De Gruyter 2015), and the co-editor of ''Religion and Ecological Sustainability in China'' (Routledge 2014) and ''Trans-Himalayan Borderlands: Livelihoods, Territorialities, Modernities'' (Amsterdam University Press 2017). His research interests are religion and ecology, environmental humanities, trans-Himalayan studies, sacred landscapes, climate change and mass migration, modern Tibetan studies, and comparative studies of Eurasian secularisms. His externally funded projects are "Trans-Himalayan Environmental Humanities" (ICIMOD), "India-China Corridor Project" (the Swedish Research Council), "Cultural and Ecological Diversity of the Trans-Himalayas in the Context of China’s Belt and Road Initiative" (National Social Sciences Foundation of China), and "Sustainable Lives in Scarred Landscapes: Heritage, Environment, and Violence in the China-Myanmar Jade Trade" (The British Academy Sustainable Development Program). ([https://www.issrnc.org/2020/06/04/meet-issrnc-board-member-dan-smyer-yu/ Source Accessed Aug 10, 2020])n-smyer-yu/ Source Accessed Aug 10, 2020]))
Métraux, D. + (Daniel A. Métraux is Professor of Asian St … Daniel A. Métraux is Professor of Asian Studies at Mary Baldwin College and Adjunct Professor of Asian Culture and History in the graduate program at the Union Institute and University. He has written extensively on Japan's New Religions and other aspects of modern Asian history, including ''Burma's Modern Tragedy'' (2004) and ''The Asian Writings of Jack London'' (2010). He has served as Editor of the ''Southeast Review of Asian Studies'' and as president of the SE Chapter, Association for Asian Studies. (Source: ''The Buddhist World'', notes on contributors, xvi)dhist World'', notes on contributors, xvi))
Boucher, D. + (Daniel Boucher's scholarly focus is Buddhi … Daniel Boucher's scholarly focus is Buddhist studies, particularly the early development of the cluster of Indian Buddhist movements called the Mahayana and their transmission to China in the first few centuries of the Common Era. His related interests include translation as a religious genre, with special focus on the earliest translations of Buddhist texts into Chinese; Buddhist Middle Indo-Aryan, particularly the role of Gandhari Prakrit in the earliest transmission of Buddhism to Central Asia and China; art historical, epigraphical, and archeological materials as sources for the study of religion; and history, theory, and methods in the academic study of religion. ([https://religious-studies.cornell.edu/daniel-boucher Source Accessed May 20, 2021])iel-boucher Source Accessed May 20, 2021]))
Brown, D. + (Daniel Brown is the author of 15 books inc … Daniel Brown is the author of 15 books including Transformations of Consciousness (with Ken Wilbur & Jack Engler), and a book on Mahamudra, Pointing Out the Great Way: The Mahamudra Tradition of Tibetan Meditation-Stages (Wisdom Publications), and two books on public dialogues with H.H. The Dalai Lama. He is also the co-author of a forthcoming book on the Bon A Khrid lineage of Bon Great Completion Meditation. In graduate school at The University of Chicago he studied Sanskrit with Hans van Beutenen, and also studied Tibetan, Buddhist Sanskrit, and Pali languages in the Buddhist Studies Program at the University of Wisconsin, Madison WI. He spent 10 years translating meditation texts for his doctoral dissertation on Tibetan Buddhist Mahamudra meditation.He has studied meditation practice for about 45 years, beginning with reading Patanjali’s Yogasutras and its main commentaries in the original Sanskrit with the great historian of religion professor Mircea Eliade, as well as practicing Patanjali's stages of meditation directly with Dr. Arwind Vasavada. At the same time, Dr. Brown studied the Burmese Theravadin Buddhist mindfulness meditation, first with Western teachers in the United States like Jack Kornfield, Joseph Goldstein, Sharon Salzberg, and Christopher Titmus, and then directly with the originator of the Burmese mindfulness tradition, Mahasi Sayadaw in Rangoon, Burma and other masters like Tungpulo Sayadaw and Achaan Cha. Read more [https://www.drdanielpbrown.com/buddhist-meditation-teacher here].lpbrown.com/buddhist-meditation-teacher here].)
Donnet, D. + (Daniel Donnet is professor emeritus at Université catholique de Louvain.)
Ingalls, Daniel H. + (Daniel Henry Holmes Ingalls, Sr., was Wales Professor of Sanskrit, Emeritus, at Harvard University. source: ([https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674039506&content=bios Harvard University Press]))
Stuart, D. + (Daniel Stuart is a scholar of South Asian … Daniel Stuart is a scholar of South Asian religions, literary cultures, and meditation traditions who specializes in the texts and practices of the Buddhist tradition. He has worked extensively on sutra literature and Buddhist manuscripts in various Asian languages and scripts. He is particularly interested in the interrelationships between Buddhist practice traditions, theories of mind, and scriptural production in premodern and modern India. ([https://sam.research.sc.edu/uscera/facultyExpertise/cv/32657;jsessionid=F72AFD048453AE0C3FF4F670126B8062 Source Accessed 26 Jan 2015])F670126B8062 Source Accessed 26 Jan 2015]))
Aitken, D. + (Daniel is an experienced business executiv … Daniel is an experienced business executive with over a decade of insights gathered from corporate and consumer marketing executive roles working for multinationals such as Canon, and large financial firms such as Westpac. While pursuing his marketing career, Daniel continued to foster his life long interest in Tibetan Buddhism, the Tibetan language, and its literature. This has taken him across Australia, America, India, Nepal, and Tibet to pursue a deeper understanding of Buddhist theory and practice with masters from the living tradition. Daniel also reads Sanskrit and Tibetan and has a PhD in Buddhist Philosophy. ([https://wisdomexperience.org/about/ Source Accessed Apr 9, 2021])e.org/about/ Source Accessed Apr 9, 2021]))
Daolang + (Daolang 道朗 wrote comments and exegeses of Dharmakśema's larger ''Nirvāṇa Sūtra''. He wrote a preface to the ''Nirvāṇa Sūtra'' titled ''Da niepan jing xu'' 大涅槃經序 (preserved in T. 2145, 59b5–60a9). This preface was translated and studied by Whalen Lai.)
Daosheng + (Daosheng (Chinese: 道生; pinyin: Dàoshēng; W … Daosheng (Chinese: 道生; pinyin: Dàoshēng; Wade–Giles: Tao Sheng), or Zhu Daosheng (Chinese: 竺道生; Wade–Giles: Chu Tao-sheng), was an eminent Six Dynasties era Chinese Buddhist scholar. He is known for advocating the concepts of sudden enlightenment and the universality of the Buddha nature.Born in Pengcheng, Daosheng left home to become a monk at eleven. He studied in Jiankang under Zhu Fatai, and later at Lushan (Mount Lu) monastery with Huiyuan, and from 405 or 406 under Kumārajīva in Chang'an, where he stayed for some two years perfecting his education. He became one of the foremost scholars of his time, counted among the "fifteen great disciples" of Kumārajīva.Sengzhao reports that Daosheng assisted Kumārajīva in his translation of the ''Lotus Sutra'', Daosheng wrote commentaries on the ''Lotus Sutra'', the ''Vimalakīrti-nirdeśa Sūtra'' and the ''Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra'' (the last of which has been lost). In 408, he returned to Lushan, and in 409 back to Jiankang, where he remained for some twenty years, staying at the Qingyuan Monastery (青园寺) from 419.Daosheng controversially ascribed Buddha-nature to the icchantikas, based on his reading on a short version of the ''Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra'', which in that short form appears to deny the Buddha-nature to icchantikas; the long version of the ''Nirvāṇa Sūtra'', however (not yet known to Daosheng), explicitly includes the icchantikas in the universality of the Buddha-nature. Daosheng's bold doctrine of including icchantikas within the purview of the Buddha-nature, even before that explicit teaching had actually been found in the long ''Nirvāṇa Sūtra'', led to the expulsion of Daosheng from the Buddhist community in 428 or 429, and he retreated to Lushan in 430.With the availability of the long ''Nirvāṇa Sūtra'' after 430, through the translation of Dharmakshema, Daosheng was vindicated and praised for his insight. He remained in Lushan, composing his commentary on the ''Lotus Sūtra'' in 432, until his death in 434.Daosheng's exegesis of the ''Nirvāṇa Sūtra'' had an enormous influence on interpretations of the Buddha-nature in Chinese Buddhism that prepared the ground for the Chán school emerging in the 6th century. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daosheng Source Accessed Sept. 2 2020])''Dates from The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism (Princeton University Press, 2014)''of Buddhism (Princeton University Press, 2014)'')
Leeming, D. + (David Adams Leeming (born February 26, 193 … David Adams Leeming (born February 26, 1937) is an American philologist who is Professor Emeritus of English and Comparative Literature at the University of Connecticut, and a specialist in comparative literature of mythology.Leeming received his A.B. from Princeton University in 1958. In 1959 he did a summer course graduate study at the University of Caen. From New York University he received his M.A. in 1964, and his Ph.D. in 1970.Leeming was Head of the English Department at Robert College in Istanbul, Turkey from 1958 to 1963. From 1964 to 1967 he was the secretary-assistant of author James Baldwin. Since 1969 Leeming was Assistant Professor of English at the University of Connecticut. He eventually became Professor of English and Comparative Literature at the University of Connecticut, where he in later years has served as Professor Emeritus.Leeming has written variously in comparative literature of mythology and edited numerous encyclopedias and dictionaries on the subject. He has also written biographies on Beauford Delaney, James Baldwin, and Stephen Spender.Leeming is a member of the Modern Language Association of America and the Federation of University Teachers. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Adams_Leeming Adapted from Source June 14, 2023])eeming Adapted from Source June 14, 2023]))
Bellos, D. + (David Bellos gained his doctorate in Frenc … David Bellos gained his doctorate in French literature from Oxford University (UK) and taught subsequently at Edinburgh, Southampton and Manchester before coming to Princeton in 1997. He worked first in nineteenth century studies, particularly on the novel and the history of literary ideas and then developed interests in post-war French writing and film. He is the translator and biographer of Georges Perec and has also written major studies of Jacques Tati and Romain Gary. A well-known translator, he is also the author of an irreverent introduction to translation studies, ''Is That A Fish in Your Ear?'' His most recent book, ''The Novel of the Century'', marks a return to nineteenth century France from a trans-national point of view. He has a joint appointment in French and Comparative Literature and is also Director of the PIIRS Graduate Fellows Program. He has won the French-American Foundation’s translation prize (1988), the Prix Goncourt de la Biographie (1994), the Man Booker International translator’s award (2005) and the Book Award of the American Library in Paris, and holds the rank of officier in the Orde national des Arts et des Lettres. He was the recipient of the 2019 Howard T. Berhman Award for Distinguished Achievement in the Humanities. ([https://fit.princeton.edu/people/david-bellos Source Accessed Feb 24, 2023])avid-bellos Source Accessed Feb 24, 2023]))
Bennett, D. + (David Bennett first became involved in Bud … David Bennett first became involved in Buddhism in 1975 at Samye Ling Buddhist Centre in Scotland. After studying with various teachers he met Traleg Kyabgon Rinpoche IX in 1981 in Australia and continued studying and practicing under his guidance until Traleg passed away in 2012. David was Vice-President of Traleg’s main Centre E-Vam Institute in Melbourne Australia for many years. He works as a graphic designer and has used these skills to contribute to Traleg Rinpoche’s ongoing activities since joining the Centre. ([https://www.shogam.com/project/david-bennett/ Source Accessed Dec 6, 2023])vid-bennett/ Source Accessed Dec 6, 2023]))
Bubna-Litic, D. + (David Bubna-Litic is an internationally re … David Bubna-Litic is an internationally recognized interdisciplinary scholar with interests in whole of systems thinking applied to individual, organizational, economic, and social change.He researches the dialogue between mindful ways of being (presence), deep integrity, eastern philosophy, and established western disciplines to create a merged horizon for social and economic change.He is Senior Lecturer at the University of Technology Sydney. ([https://au.linkedin.com/in/david-bubna-litic-1a84259 Adapted from Source June 16, 2023])a84259 Adapted from Source June 16, 2023]))
Cummiskey, D. + (David Cummiskey teaches courses on biomedi … David Cummiskey teaches courses on biomedical ethics, philosophy of law, and seminars on moral theory, contemporary liberalism, and Buddhist philosophy. His research and publications focus on Kantian and consequentialist approaches to moral philosophy, political philosophy, and intercultural ethics and bioethics. His most recent articles discuss the relationship between Buddhist and Kantian ethics, and Buddhist environmental ethics and political philosophy. He is currently working on a series of articles that develop the relationships among Buddhist perfectionism, emergent conceptions of agency, compatibilist conceptions of free will, Kantian accounts of self-constitution, and Humean constructivism. ([https://www.bates.edu/faculty-expertise/profile/david-r-cummiskey/ Source Accessed May 18, 2021])-cummiskey/ Source Accessed May 18, 2021]))
Cooper, D. + (David E. Cooper is a British author and ph … David E. Cooper is a British author and philosopher. He was brought up in Surrey and educated at Highgate School and then Oxford University, where he was given his first job in 1967, as a Lecturer in Philosophy. He went on to teach at the universities of Miami, London and Surrey before being appointed, in 1986, as Professor of Philosophy at Durham University – where he remained until retiring in 2008. During his academic career, David was a Visiting Professor at universities in the United States, Canada, Malta, Sri Lanka and South Africa. Cooper is the former Chair (or President) of the Aristotelian Society, the Mind Association, the Friedrich Nietzsche Society, and the Philosophy of Education Society of Great Britain. He is Secretary and a Trustee of the charity Project Sri Lanka, and he spends time each year visiting and supervising educational and humanitarian projects.Cooper has published across a broad range of philosophical subjects, including philosophy of language, philosophy of education, ethics, aesthetics, environmental philosophy, animal ethics, philosophy of technology, philosophy of religion, history of both Western philosophy and Asian philosophy, and modern European philosophy, especially Heidegger, Nietzsche, and Wittgenstein. In recent years, Cooper has written widely on environmental and Buddhist aesthetics, music and nature, the relationship of beauty and virtue, cultures of food, the significance of gardens, Daoism, our relationship to animals, and the notion of mystery.Cooper is the author of a number of books, including ''World Philosophies: An Historical Introduction''; ''Meaning''; ''Existentialism: A Reconstruction''; ''The Measure of Things: Humanism, Humility and Mystery''; ''A Philosophy of Gardens''; ''Convergence with Nature: A Daoist Perspective''; ''Senses of Mystery: Engaging with Nature and the Meaning of Life''; and ''Animals and Misanthropy''. He has also edited a number of collections, including ''Blackwell Companion to Aesthetics''; ''Philosophy: The Classic Readings''; ''Epistemology: The Classic Readings''; ''Ethics: The Classic Readings''; and ''Aesthetics: The Classic Readings'' – the latter four notable for their inclusion of material from the Indian and Chinese traditions. He is joint editor of ''Key Thinkers on the Environment''. Cooper is a regular reviewer of books for magazines, including ''The Times Literary Supplement'' and ''The Los Angeles Review of Books''. He is also the author of three novels, all set in Sri Lanka: ''Street Dog: A Sri Lankan Story'', its sequel, ''Old Stripe'', and ''A Shot on the Beach''. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_E._Cooper Source Accessed Mar 12, 2021])d_E._Cooper Source Accessed Mar 12, 2021]))
Ellerton, D. + (David Ellerton grew up in Denver, Colorado … David Ellerton grew up in Denver, Colorado, and took his first Shambhala Training level in 1995 after reading several of Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche’s books. A few years later he met Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche in Boulder and in 1999 participated in Seminary and Warriors Assembly. The following year he attended Kalapa Assembly. After a year on staff at Shambhala Mountain Center, he travelled with the Sakyong as a Continuity Kusung and Secretary (2001-2002). In 2004 he moved to Japan, where he taught English and continued his study of Japanese and Aikido, which he began practicing as an undergraduate student in Boulder.Upon returning to the United States he enrolled in [[Naropa University]]’s M.A. program in Indo-Tibetan Buddhism (Shedra Track), and began his study of Tibetan. During this time he received the Vajrayogini Abhisheka from the Sakyong. After graduating, he spent much of 2008 in both India and Nepal studying Tibetan and receiving commentary on the Uttaratantra Shastra at Pullahari Monastery. In 2008 he began a Ph.D. program in Religious Studies at [[University of California, Santa Barbara]]. He is currently a Ph.D. Candidate at UCSB and is conducting his dissertation research on Tibetan prophecy (lung bstan) at the [[Central University of Tibetan Studies]] in India. ([http://nalandatranslation.org/who-we-are/members/david-ellerton/ Source Accessed May 26, 2015])d-ellerton/ Source Accessed May 26, 2015]))
Germano, D. + (David Germano is the Executive Director of … David Germano is the Executive Director of the Contemplative Sciences Center. He has taught and researched Tibetan and Buddhist Studies at the University of Virginia since 1992. In this context, he works extensively with each of the eleven schools at UVA to explore learning, research, and engagement initiatives regarding contemplation in their own disciplinary and professional areas. He is currently focused on the exploration of contemplative ideas, values, and practices involving humanistic and scientific methodologies, as well as new applications in diverse fields; he also holds a faculty appointment in the School of Nursing. He is one of the co-leaders of the Student Flourishing Initiative, a three-way partnership with UVA, the University of Wisconsin, and Penn State University, as well as the lead organizer of an international research community of scholars and translators specializing in the Great Perfection (Dzokchen) tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. ([http://uvacontemplation.org/content/david-germano Source Accessed June 11, 2019])id-germano Source Accessed June 11, 2019]))
Gonsalez, D. + (David Gonsalez (Losang Tsering) has been p … David Gonsalez (Losang Tsering) has been practicing Dharma for over twenty-five years and since that time has devoted the entirety of his life to practice, study, translation, as well as hosting and organizing numerous Dharma teachings and events in the Seattle area. He first began studying with Geshe Khenrab Gajam and traveled to Montreal on several occasions to receive teachings. After Geshe Khenrab’s passing David developed a close relationship with several lamas including Lama Zopa Rinpoche and Ribur Rinpoche. Most notably David invited Gen Lobsang Choephel to Seattle on five occasions at which time he received countless empowerments, oral transmissions, and commentaries. David has also received numerous empowerments and teachings from other great lamas such as Lati Rinpoche, Denma Locho Rinpoche, Kirti Tsenshab Rinpoche, and many more.David has devoted a great deal of the last twenty-five years to retreat and has completed forty-three fully qualified retreats including subsequent fire pujas. As the translator for Dechen Ling Press these retreats give David a unique opportunity to approach these translations as not only a translator but an experienced practitioner as well assuring the translations are accurate and true to the lineage passed down through Tibetan lamas. ([https://dechenlingpress.org/about/the-translator/ Source: Dechen Link Press 2014 Website])/ Source: Dechen Link Press 2014 Website]))
Gray, D. + (David Gray received his B.A. in Religious … David Gray received his B.A. in Religious Studies from Wesleyan University and his M.A. and Ph.D. in the History of Religion from Columbia University. His research explores the development of tantric Buddhist traditions in South Asia, and their dissemination in Tibet and East Asia, with a focus on the Yogin?tantras, a genre of Buddhist tantric literature that focused on female deities and yogic practices involving the subtle body. He focuses particularly on the Cakrasamvara Tantra, an esoteric Indian Buddhist scripture that serves as the basis for a number of important Nepali and Tibetan Buddhist practice traditions. ([https://www.scu.edu/cas/religious-studies/faculty--staff/david-gray/ Source Accessed Dec 3, 2019])[https://www.scu.edu/media/college-of-arts-and-sciences/religious-studies/cvs/GrayCV1.pdf Curriculum Vitae]-studies/cvs/GrayCV1.pdf Curriculum Vitae])
Higgins, D. + (David Higgins received his doctorate from … David Higgins received his doctorate from the University of Lausanne, Switzerland in 2012. He subsequently held a position as a Post-doc Research Fellow in the Department of South Asian, Tibetan and Buddhist Studies at the University of Vienna where he explored the relationship between Mahāmudrā and Madhyamaka philosophies in Bka’ brgyud scholasticism during the post-classical period (15th to 16th centuries). His research interests include Indo-Tibetan Buddhist philosophy and epistemology with a particular focus on Bka’ brgyud Mahāmudrā and Rnying ma Rdzogs chen doctrines and practices. His PhD thesis was published under the title ''Philosophical Foundations of Classical Rdzogs chen in Tibet: Investigating the Distinction Between Dualistic Mind (sems) and Primordial Knowing (ye shes)'' (Vienna, WSTB no. 78, 2013). His recent publications include ''Mahāmudrā and the Middle Way: Post-classical Kagyü Discourses on Mind, Emptiness and Buddha Nature'' (Vienna, WSTB no. 90, 2016, 2 vols.) and ''Buddha Nature Reconsidered: The Eighth Karma pa’s Middle Path'' (Vienna, WSTB, forthcoming, 2 vols.), both of which were co-authored with Martina Drazczyk. ([https://conference.tsadra.org/past-event/2019-vienna-symposium/ Source Accessed July 22, 2020])symposium/ Source Accessed July 22, 2020]))
Kalupahana, D. + (David J. Kalupahana (1936–2014) was a Budd … David J. Kalupahana (1936–2014) was a Buddhist scholar from Sri Lanka. He was a student of the late K.N. Jayatilleke, who was a student of Wittgenstein. He wrote mainly about epistemology, theory of language, and compared later Buddhist philosophical texts against the earliest texts and tried to present interpretations that were both historically contextualized and also compatible with the earliest texts, and in doing so, he encouraged Theravadin Buddhists and scholars to reevaluate the legitimacy of later, Mahayana texts and consider them more sympathetically.Born in Galle District, Southern Sri Lanka, Kalupahana attended Mahinda College, Galle for his school education. He obtained his BA (Sri Lanka, 1959), Ph.D (London), and D. Litt (Hon. Peradeniya, Sri Lanka). He was Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Hawaii. He was assistant lecturer in Pali and Buddhist Civilization at the University of Ceylon, and studied Chinese and Tibetan at the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London where he completed a Ph.D. dissertation on the problem of causality in the Pali Nikayas and Chinese Agamas in 1966.He left the University of Ceylon (1972) to join the University of Hawaii, serving as the Chairman of the Department of Philosophy and Chairman of the Graduate Field in Philosophy (1974–80). He directed international intra-religious conferences on Buddhism, and on Buddhism and Peace.Many of his books are published and widely available in India (by Motilal Banarsidass and others), and therefore presumably have a fairly significant influence on the fields of Buddhism and Buddhist Studies in India and other nearby South Asian countries, such as his native Sri Lanka. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Kalupahana Source Accessed Apr 21, 2021])_Kalupahana Source Accessed Apr 21, 2021]))
Jones, D. + (David Jones is professor of philosophy and … David Jones is professor of philosophy and editor of ''Comparative and Continental Philosophy'' (Taylor and Francis), the founding editor of ''East-West Connections'' from 2000 to 2013, and the editor of the ''Series on Comparative and Continental Philosophy''. In 2013 and 2015 he was Visiting Scholar at the Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences at National Taiwan University and has been a visiting professor at the University of Cape Coast in Ghana, Visiting Professor of Chinese Philosophy at the University of North Georgia, and Visiting Professor of Confucian Classics at Emory. From 1996 to 2008 he was the director of the Center for the Development of Asian Studies, which was a Southeast regional center of the Asian Studies Development Program of the East-West Center in Honolulu. Under his direction, CDAS coordinated a number of faculty development workshops and organized conferences and programs on Asia for faculty and the public in Atlanta, the Southeast, and nationally. David Jones was the president of the highly regarded Comparative and Continental Philosophy Circle for the last twelve years. ([http://ksuweb.kennesaw.edu/~djones/index.htm Source Accessed Mar 17, 2020])s/index.htm Source Accessed Mar 17, 2020]))
Kittelstrom, D. + (David Kittelstrom is a senior editor at Wi … David Kittelstrom is a senior editor at Wisdom Publications, where he has worked since 1993, and staff editor for The Library of Tibetan Classics, Studies in Indian and Tibetan Buddhism, Teachings of the Buddha, and Classics of Indian Buddhism series. He is not himself a translator but has had the good fortune to work closely with many. ([http://conference-wp.tsadra.org/2017-conference/2017-speakers/ Source])rg/2017-conference/2017-speakers/ Source]))
Barnhill, D. + (David Landis Barnhill is the former Direct … David Landis Barnhill is the former Director of Environmental Studies at the University of Wisconsin at Oshkosh. He is the translator of ''Basho's Journey: The Literary Prose of Matsuo Basho'' (2005), ''Basho's Haiku: Selected Poems of Matsuo Basho'' (2004), and the coeditor (with Roger S. Gottlieb) of ''Deep Ecology and World Religions: New Essays on Sacred Ground'' (2001), all published by SUNY Press.und'' (2001), all published by SUNY Press.)
Friedmann, D. + (David Lazar Friedmann (b. Amsterdam 26.2.1 … David Lazar Friedmann (b. Amsterdam 26.2.1903 — d. London 11.4.1984) was a Dutch Buddhist scholar and Art Historian in the U.K. He was born into a Jewish family engaged in the diamond trade. After school in Amsterdam he studied Sanskrit for three years at Utrecht (under Caland), then the history of religion, Sanskrit and Indian art and archaeology at Leiden (under Vogel). He earned his Ph.D. in 1936 from Leiden. After a year of further studies at Oxford (under Johnston), he became Lecturer in Buddhist Studies at Leiden in 1938. As a jew he was dismissed after German occupation in 1940, but continued to teach clandestinely. Leaving the country in 1941, he joined the Netherlands Information Bureau in New York, writing and lecturing on the history and culture of the Netherlands, India, and Indonesia. From 1946-50 he served as Professor at the University of Indonesia in Batavia/Jakarta, and he taught Sanskrit, Buddhist philosophy, and Indian art. From 1950 he was Lecturer and from 1959 he was a Reader at S.O.A.S. in London, and also taught at King’s College. He retired in 1970, but continued lecturing. He was married to Helène (d. 1976), a ceramic artist of Russian-Jewish origin, and had two daughters.Friedman took great care supervising his students and published himself very little. Among his students were Lohuizen-De Leeuw, D. Killingley, and Rita Gupta.Publications: Diss. [Sthiramati:] Madhyāntavibhāgaṭīkā. Analysis of the Middle Path and the Extremes. 143 p. Utrecht 1937 (translated). ([https://whowaswho-indology.info/2099/friedman-david-lazar/ Adapted from Source June 29, 2023])lazar/ Adapted from Source June 29, 2023]))
Snellgrove, D. + (David Llewellyn Snellgrove (29 June 1920 – … David Llewellyn Snellgrove (29 June 1920 – 25 March 2016) was a British Tibetologist noted for his pioneering work on Buddhism in Tibet as well as his many travelogues. Snellgrove was born in Portsmouth, Hampshire, and educated at Christ's Hospital near Horsham in West Sussex. He went on to study German and French at Southampton University. In 1941 he was called up to do his military service as a member of the Royal Engineers. He attended the Officers Cadet Training Unit in the Scottish seaside town of Dunbar, and was commissioned as an infantry officer. Thereafter he attended various intelligence courses and further training at the War Office in London, from where he requested a posting to India.Snellgrove arrived in Bombay in June 1943, and travelled cross-country to Calcutta. He was stationed at Barrackpore, some way up the Hooghly River. A few months after beginning his posting he contracted malaria and was sent to the military hospital at Lebong, just north of Darjeeling. It was while he was at Lebong that he began his future life's calling by purchasing some books about Tibet by Charles Bell as well as a Tibetan Grammar and Reader.Snellgrove returned to Darjeeling, from where he sometimes went on leave to Kalimpong. On one of these visits he took a young Tibetan into his personal employ in order to have someone with whom to practice speaking Tibetan. He also travelled in the small Himalayan state of Sikkim, and on one such visit he met Sir Basil Gould, who was then the British Representative for Tibet.[2] Inspired to work in Tibet, in 1946 after he left the Army he sat the entrance exams for the Indian Civil Service. This was the first time the exams had been held since the start of the war, and the last time they were ever held. Although he passed the exams, he was not able to take up an appointment in India. Having already begun to study Tibetan, he resolved to find a university where he could further his studies. However, as no university offered courses in Tibetan at that time he was convinced by Sir Harold Bailey that a sound knowledge of Sanskrit and Pali would be beneficial, so he gained entry to Queens' College, Cambridge in October 1946. While at Cambridge, he converted to Roman Catholicism, in part through the influence of his friend Bede Griffiths.In 1950, after having completed his studies at Cambridge, he was invited to teach a course in elementary Tibetan at the School of Oriental and African Studies University of London.[3] He was Professor of Tibetan at SOAS until his retirement in 1982.Snellgrove's research subsequent to his retirement was focused increasingly upon the art history of South East Asia. He died on 25 March 2016 in Pinerolo, Italy. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Snellgrove Source Accessed Feb 14, 2020])_Snellgrove Source Accessed Feb 14, 2020]))
Michie, D. + (David Michie is the internationally best-s … David Michie is the internationally best-selling author of ''The Dalai Lama's Cat'' series of novels, as well as non-fiction titles including ''Why Mindfulness is Better than Chocolate'', ''Hurry Up and Meditate'', ''Buddhism for Busy People'' and ''Buddhism for Pet Lovers''. His books are available in 26 languages in over 40 different countries.David is a keynote speaker, corporate trainer and coach on mindfulness and meditation. He has extensive experience presenting to a wide variety of different audiences around the world.In 2015 he established Mindful Safaris, leading groups to Africa – where he was born and brought up – encouraging people to visit unexplored places, outer and inner, through a combination of daily game viewing trips and mindfulness sessions.David’s blog on mindfulness and related subjects at www.davidmichie.com attracts a global audience of thousands of visitors each week. ([https://davidmichie.com/about-david-michie/ Source Accessed Apr 6, 2021])avid-michie/ Source Accessed Apr 6, 2021]))
Molk, D. + (David Molk studied Tibetan language at Venerable Geshe Rabten's Institute for Higher Tibetan Studies in Mont-Pelerin, Switzerland. Since 1987 he has interpreted and translated for many Tibetan lamas. He lives in Big Sur, California.)
Need, D. + (David Need is Lecturing Fellow of Religion … David Need is Lecturing Fellow of Religion at Duke University. He has taught at Duke since 1999, primarily in Religious Studies. He developed the ICS gateway class and taught it from 2005–2012. His academic expertise is in Asian Religions and in Literature and Religion, with a focus on poetics, ritual, and meditation systems.In addition to scholarly articles, he has published three books — two are translations and essays on Rainer Maria Rilke, the third is a selection of his own poetry, including a long poem set alongside the Gospel of Mark.===Current Research Interests===* Poetry of Rainer Maria Rilke* Non-dual awareness and poetics* Influence of Buddhism on 20th Century American Poetry* Women's Religious Experience & Poeticsy * Women's Religious Experience & Poetics)
Jackson, D. + (David P. Jackson received his doctorate in … David P. Jackson received his doctorate in 1985 from the University of Washington and studied and translated for many years in Seattle for the polymath Tibetan scholar Dezhung Rinpoche. Until 2007, he was a professor of Tibetan Studies at Hamburg University in Germany and is now a curator for the Rubin Museum of Art in New York. He is the author of numerous articles and books on Tibetan art, literature, and history, including ''A Saint in Seattle'', ''Tibetan Thangka Painting'', ''The Mollas of Mustang'', and ''Enlightenment by a Single Means''. He lives in Washington State. ([http://www.wisdompubs.org/author/david-p-jackson Source Accessed Oct 19, 2019])d-p-jackson Source Accessed Oct 19, 2019]))
Patt, D. + (David Patt received his PhD in Buddhist St … David Patt received his PhD in Buddhist Studies from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and is the author of ''A Strange Liberation: Tibetan Lives in Chinese Hands''. He recently served as executive director of the Dzogchen Foundation. (Source: [https://wisdomexperience.org/content-author/david-patt/ Wisdom Experience])ent-author/david-patt/ Wisdom Experience]))
Brockman, D. + (David R. Brockman, Ph.D., is a nonresident … David R. Brockman, Ph.D., is a nonresident scholar for the Baker Institute’s Religion and Public Policy Program. He is also an adjunct professor at both Texas Christian University and Southern Methodist University, where he teaches various courses in religion and religious studies.From 2010 to 2012, Brockman served as the project director for the World Conference of Associations of Theological Institutions. He is the author several books, including “Dialectical Democracy through Christian Thought: Individualism, Relationalism, and American Politics” (Palgrave-Macmillan, 2013) and “No Longer the Same: Religious Others and the Liberation of Christian Theology” (Palgrave-Macmillan, 2011). His forthcoming publication, “Educating For Pluralism, or Against It? Lessons from Texas and Quebec on Teaching Religion in Public Schools,” will appear in Religion & Education.Brockman holds a Ph.D. in religious studies from Southern Methodist University. He received a Master of Theological Studies degree from the Brite Divinity School at Texas Christian University and his bachelor’s degree in English and education from the University of Texas at Arlington. ([https://www.bakerinstitute.org/experts/david-r-brockman/ Source Accessed Nov 25, 2019])vid-r-brockman/ Source Accessed Nov 25, 2019]))
Loy, D. + (David Robert Loy is a professor, writer, a … David Robert Loy is a professor, writer, and Zen teacher in the Sanbo Zen tradition of Japanese Zen Buddhism.He is a prolific author, whose essays and books have been translated into many languages. His articles appear regularly in the pages of major journals such as ''Tikkun'' and Buddhist magazines including ''Tricycle'', ''Lion's Roar'', and ''Buddhadharma'', as well as in a variety of scholarly journals. Many of his writings, as well as audio and video talks and interviews, are available on the web. He is on the advisory boards of Buddhist Global Relief, the Clear View Project, Zen Peacemakers, and the Ernest Becker Foundation.David lectures nationally and internationally on various topics, focusing primarily on the encounter between Buddhism and modernity: what each can learn from the other. He is especially concerned about social and ecological issues. A popular recent lecture is "Healing Ecology: A Buddhist Perspective on the Eco-crisis", which argues that there is an important parallel between what Buddhism says about our personal predicament and our collective predicament today in relation to the rest of the biosphere. You can hear David's podcast interview with Wisdom Publications here. Presently he is offering workshops on "Transforming Self, Transforming Society" and on ''Ecodharma: Buddhist Teachings for the Precipice'', which is also the title of a new book forthcoming in early 2019. He also leads meditation retreats.Loy is a professor of Buddhist and comparative philosophy. His BA is from Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota, and he studied analytic philosophy at King’s College, University of London. His MA is from the University of Hawaii in Honolulu and his PhD is from the National University of Singapore. His dissertation was published by Yale University Press as ''Nonduality: A Study in Comparative Philosophy''. He was senior tutor in the Philosophy Department of Singapore University (later the National University of Singapore) from 1978 to 1984. From 1990 until 2005, he was professor in the Faculty of International Studies, Bunkyo University, Chigasaki, Japan. In January 2006, he became the Besl Family Chair Professor of Ethics/Religion and Society with Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio, a visiting position that ended in September 2010. In April 2007, David Loy was visiting scholar at the University of Cape Town, South Africa. From January to August 2009 he was a research scholar with the Institute for Advanced Study, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. From September through December 2010 he was in residence at Naropa University in Boulder, Colorado, with a Lenz Fellowship. In November 2014, David was a visiting professor at Radboud University in the Netherlands. In January through April 2016, David was visiting Numata professor of Buddhism at the University of Calgary. ([https://www.davidloy.org/ Source Accessed Sep 17, 2021])vidloy.org/ Source Accessed Sep 17, 2021]))
Bailey, S. + (David Roy Shackleton Bailey FBA (10 Decemb … David Roy Shackleton Bailey FBA (10 December 1917 – 28 November 2005) was a British scholar of Latin literature (particularly in the field of textual criticism) who spent his academic life teaching at the University of Cambridge, the University of Michigan, and Harvard. He is best known for his work on Horace (editing his complete works for the Teubner series), and Cicero, especially his commentaries and translations of Cicero's letters. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._R._Shackleton_Bailey Source Accessed Aug 15, 2023])eton_Bailey Source Accessed Aug 15, 2023]))
Tuffley, D. + (David Tuffley is a Senior Lecturer in Appl … David Tuffley is a Senior Lecturer in Applied Ethics & Socio-Technical Studies at Griffith University in Australia. David writes on a broad range of interests; from Anthropology, Psychology, Ancient and Modern History, Linguistics, Rhetoric, Comparative Religions, Philosophy, Architectural History, Environments and Ecosystems.tectural History, Environments and Ecosystems.)
Chappell, D. + (David Wellington Chappell (1940–2004) was … David Wellington Chappell (1940–2004) was a professor of Buddhist studies whose specialties were Chinese Buddhist traditions (esp. Tiantai) and interreligious dialogue. After receiving a B.A. from Mount Allison University and a B.D. from McGill University, he completed a Ph.D. in the history of religions at Yale University. His subsequent teaching career included three decades as a professor of religion at the University of Hawaii, where he founded the journal Buddhist-Christian Studies in 1981, edited it through 1985, then helped found the Society for Buddhist-Christian Studies in 1987. His publications include Buddhist and Taoist Practice in Medieval Chinese Society, T'ien-t'ai Buddhism: An Outline of the Fourfold Teachings, Buddhist Peace Work: Creating Cultures of Peace, and Unity in Diversity: Hawaii's Buddhist Communities.After retiring from the University of Hawaii, he taught comparative studies at Soka University of America and was actively engaged in Buddhist-Muslim dialogue in Asia, Europe, and North America. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_W._Chappell Source Accessed June 14, 2023])._Chappell Source Accessed June 14, 2023]))
Welsh, D. + (David Welsh is a mitra in the Triratna Bud … David Welsh is a mitra in the Triratna Buddhist Community, and teaches and practises Buddhism atthe Oslo Buddhist Centre. He is a Master’s student in the History of Religion at the University ofOslo, and a Research Fellow at the Norwegian Institute of Palaeography and Historical Philology. ([https://www.academia.edu/5112350/Brain_Hacking_and_Mind_Upgrades_Buddhism_of_the_Future_Book_Review_ Source Accessed Sep 29, 2022])ook_Review_ Source Accessed Sep 29, 2022]))
Chattopadhyaya, D. + (Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya (the editor) is … Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya (the editor) is M.A., D.Ltt. of the Calcutta University, Honorary D.Sc. of the Moscow Academy of Sciences, Member of the German Academy of Sciences. Besides working as Visiting Professor at various universities, he is the author of a considerable number of works on Indian Philosophy and Science inclusive of many that are published abroad in Russian, Chinese,Japanese, German and other languages. Currently, he is elected National Fellow of the Indian Council of Philosophical Research, though he is also working in an honorary capacity as a Guest Scientist of National Institute of Science Technology and Development Studies (a constituentestablishment of CSIR). (Source: inside jacket, ''Tāranātha's History of Buddhism in India'', 1990)ha's History of Buddhism in India'', 1990))
Klimburg-Salter, D. + (Deborah Klimburg-Salter is an art historia … Deborah Klimburg-Salter is an art historian. She is Professor emerita of Asian Art History at the Instituteof Art History, University of Vienna, Director of the research platform CIRDIS (Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Documentation Inner and South Asia) and Associate of the Department of South Asian Studies, Harvard University. Her research specializes on Northern India, Tibet and Central Asia. Emphasis on the monastic arts and cultural history of the early medieval periods. Her publications include: with L. Lojda, ed. ''Changing Forms and Cultural Identity: Religious and Secular Iconographies''. Brepols: Turnhout. 2014; "The Tibetan Himalayan Style: The Art of the Western Domains 8th–11th.” In ''Cultural Flows Across the Western Himalaya'', edited by P. McAllister, H. Krasser, and C. Scherrer-Schaub, 313–360. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2014. ([https://brill.com/display/book/9789004307438/B9789004307438_001.xml Source Accessed Aug 1, 2023])7438_001.xml Source Accessed Aug 1, 2023]))
Bruyat, C. + (Degree in English, teacher of French, prof … Degree in English, teacher of French, professional translator; completed two three-year retreats at Chanteloube, France, 1980–1985 and 1990–1993; founding member of Padmakara Translation Group. Tsadra Foundation Fellow since 2002.Declaring himself “methodical and particular” to the point of excess, Christian Bruyat is pleased that working with Tsadra allows him the extra time to try and do accurate translations. Coupled with this drive he has an “uncanny ability” to find translation errors “even when I read the works of others who are much more worthy than me, and are big scholars.” He does not mean to be arrogant or irritating, and attributes his knack to “some kind of karma with Tibetan …” Since at age five he informed his parents that he intended to marry a Japanese lady when he grew up—he married a Chinese woman instead—one might well agree that some sort of past-life Asian connection seems to be at play in Christian’s life.He has had the fortunate destiny to spend five years with Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche in Nepal and Bhutan. Appropriately enough, Dzogchen teachings are Christian’s favorite and most inspiring scriptural material, especially the works of Longchenpa, Patrul Rinpoche, and Mipham Rinpoche.Previously Published Translations • Le Chemin de la Grande Perfection, Patrul Rinpoché (and preliminary work on the draft of its English version, The Words of My Perfect Teacher, with Charles Hastings)'''Completed Projects as a Tsadra Foundation Fellow''' • Mahasiddhas, La vie de 84 sages de l’Inde, Abhayadatta (with Patrick Carré)• Le Précieux Ornement de la libération, Gampopa• Perles d’ambroisie (3 vols.), Kunzang Palden (with Patrick Carré)• Bodhicaryavatara, La Marche vers l’Éveil, Shantideva (with Patrick Carré)a Marche vers l’Éveil, Shantideva (with Patrick Carré))
Drolma, Delog Dawa + (Delog Dawa Drolma (?-1941) was a great fem … Delog Dawa Drolma (?-1941) was a great female teacher of Tibet, a délok, and the mother of Chagdud Tulku Rinpoche.According to Chagdud Tulku Rinpoche:My mother was revered throughout Tibet for her extraordinary powers as a lama, but she was more famous for being a delog, one who has crossed the threshold of death and returned to tell about it. Hers was not a visionary or momentary near-death experience. For five full days she lay cold, breathless, and devoid of any vital signs, while her consciousness moved freely into other realms, often escorted by the wisdom goddess White Tara. She undertook her journey as a delog according to instructions she had received from Tara in visions, but against the wishes of her lamas, who pleaded with her not to take such a risk. It is remarkable that she, a young woman of sixteen, had so much confidence in her meditation that she prevailed over very wise, much older lamas. However, she herself had been recognized as an emanation of White Tara, a powerful force of enlightened mind for the longevity and liberation of all sentient beings.Delog Dawa Drolma received teachings from Dudjom Rinpoche. ([https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Delog_Dawa_Drolma Source Accessed Feb 22, 2023])Dawa_Drolma Source Accessed Feb 22, 2023]))
Mair, D. + (Denis Mair holds an M.A. in Chinese from O … Denis Mair holds an M.A. in Chinese from Ohio State University and has taught at University of Pennsylvania. He is currently a research fellow at Hanching Academy, Sun Moon Lake, Taiwan. He translated autobiographies by the philosopher Feng Youlan (Hawaii University Press) and the Buddhist monk Shih Chen-hua (SUNY Press). His translation of art criticism by Zhu Zhu was published by Hunan Fine Arts Press (2009). He has translated poetry by Yan Li, Mai Cheng, Meng Lang, Luo Ying, Jidi Majia, Yang Ke, and others. He also translated essays by design critic Tang Keyang and art historian Lü Peng for exhibitions they curated respectively in 2009 and 2011 at the Venice Biennial. (See Lü Peng, From San Servolo to Amalfi, Charta Books, Milan, 2011). ([https://adozennothing.com/adn-archive/denis-mair-september-2016/ Source Accessed Aug 8, 2023])tember-2016/ Source Accessed Aug 8, 2023]))
Ldan ma blo bzang chos dbyings + (Denma Geshe Lobzang Choying (19th cent.) a … Denma Geshe Lobzang Choying (19th cent.) attended Drepung Loseling Monastic College. He wrote refutations on the views of Jamgon Ju Mipam Gyatso (1846-1912) on topics such as Madhyamaka philosophy and emptiness. ([https://library.bdrc.io/show/bdr:WA00EGS1016271 Source Accessed Feb 10, 2023])0EGS1016271 Source Accessed Feb 10, 2023]))
Johnson, D. + (Dennis Johnson has an academic background … Dennis Johnson has an academic background in Tibetan and Buddhist Studies and has worked as a librarian, translator, editor and interpreter. He has also pursued additional training in various mindfulness-based, psychosocial and psychotherapeutic interventions. His main interest lies in forms of transdisciplinary and transcultural research and practice, and their potential to provide a new paradigm for individual, social and cultural transformation based on traditional knowledge as well as modern science. ([https://transpersonal-training.com/dennis-johnson/ Source Accessed Mar 9, 2023])nis-johnson/ Source Accessed Mar 9, 2023]))
Sde srid sangs rgyas rgya mtsho + (Desi Sangyé Gyatso (1653–1705), the heart … Desi Sangyé Gyatso (1653–1705), the heart disciple of the Fifth Dalai Lama, became the ruler of Tibet at age twenty-six and held sway over the country for over twenty-five years before his tragic death in a power struggle with the Mongol chieftain Lhasang Khan. A layman his entire life, he was a thorough administrator, overhauling the structure and regulations of the major Geluk monasteries and setting up many new institutions, such as the renowned Tibetan Medical Institute in Lhasa. He famously commissioned a set of seventy-nine medical paintings, and he composed ''White Beryl'', an authoritative work on all aspects of astronomical calculation and divination practiced in Tibet at his time. (Source: [https://wisdomexperience.org/product/mirror-beryl/ Wisdom Publications])roduct/mirror-beryl/ Wisdom Publications]))
Biddulph, D. + (Desmond Biddulph CBE is President of The B … Desmond Biddulph CBE is President of The Buddhist Society, London (est. 1924) and editor of their journal ''The Middle Way''. He is a Jungian therapist with a medical practice in London, co-author of ''The Teachings of the Buddha'', and an international lecturer.e Buddha'', and an international lecturer.)
Gnyan chen dpal dbyangs + (Despite the variations in the titles prece … Despite the variations in the titles preceding the personal name, dPal-dbyangs, it seems certain that they all refer to one personage who belongs to the clan gNyan/bsNyan and who apparently was a renowned master learned in Mahāyoga tantras and rDzogs chen doctrines . . . . . . However, nothing is known about his life. According to Tāranātha, he lived in Kha-ra sgo-bstun, a district in gTsang where Tāranātha himself was born and gNyan is said to have founded a temple called g.Yung-drung-gi lha-khang in 'Dam-chen. . . . gNyan dPal-dbyangs, in later sources is considered to be a disciple of Lo-tsā-ba gNyags Jñanakumāra ''alias'' Jo-bo Zhang-drung and one of the teachers of gNubs Sangs-rgyas ye-shes, the author of the ''SM'' [''Bsam gtan mig sgron''] . . .(Samten Karmay, ''The Great Perfection (rDzogs chen): A Philosophical and Meditative Teaching of Tibetan Buddhism'', Brill's Tibetan Studies Library 11 [Leiden: Brill, 2007], 67–69.)
Dharmacandra + (Dharmacandra (法月, 653–743) is known to be … Dharmacandra (法月, 653–743) is known to be from either eastern India or the kingdom of Magadha in central India. He traveled widely in central India and was accomplished in medical arts and the Tripiṭaka. Then he went to the kingdom of Kucha (龜茲, or 庫車, in present-day Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang, China), where he taught his disciple Zhenyue (真月) and others.At the written recommendation of Lu Xiulin (呂休林), the governor appointed to keep peace with the western region (安西節度使), in 732, the twentieth year of the Kaiyuan (開元) years of Emperor Xuanzong (唐玄宗) of the Tang Dynasty (618–907), Dharmacandra arrived in Chang-an (長安), China. As an offering to the Emperor, he presented Sanskrit texts on alchemy and herbal remedies, as well as the Sūtra of the Mighty Vidya King Ucchuṣma (T21n1227), translated by Ajitasena, who was from northern India. With the help of his disciple Liyan (利言), Dharmacandra translated into Chinese the Sanskrit text of herbal remedies as well as of the Sūtra of the All-Encompassing Knowledge Store, the Heart of Prajñā-Pāramitā (T08n0252).During an uprising in China, Dharmacandra moved to the kingdom of Yütian (于闐), or Khotan (和闐), present-day Hetian (和田), in Xinjiang, China. He stayed at the Golden Wheel Temple (金輪寺), teaching people attracted to him, until his death in 743, at the age of ninety-one. ([http://www.sutrasmantras.info/translators.html#dharmacandra Source Accessed Aug 19, 2021])harmacandra Source Accessed Aug 19, 2021]))
Ozer, Karma + (Dharmachakra Translation Committee)
Namgyal, Pema + (Dharmachakra Translation Committee)
Suvarṇadvīpa Dharmakīrti + (Dharmakirti (Skt. Suvarṇadvīpa Dharmakīrti … Dharmakirti (Skt. Suvarṇadvīpa Dharmakīrti; Tib. ཆོས་ཀྱི་གྲགས་པ་, Chökyi Drakpa, Wyl. chos kyi grags pa) or Dharmapala (Wyl. chos skyong) of Suvarnadvipa (b. 10th century) was the most important of Atisha's teachers. In Tibetan he is known simply as Serlingpa (Tib. གསེར་གླིང་པ་, Wyl. gser gling pa), literally 'the master from Suvarnadvipa'. Atisha is said to have stayed with him for twelve years receiving teachings on Lojong. ([https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Dharmakirti_of_Suvarnadvipa Source Accessed Jun 21, 2022])uvarnadvipa Source Accessed Jun 21, 2022]))
Dharmakṣema + (Dharmakṣema. (C. Tanwuchen; J. Donmusen; K … Dharmakṣema. (C. Tanwuchen; J. Donmusen; K. Tammuch'am 曇無讖 (385-433 CE). Indian Buddhist monk who was an early translator of Buddhist materials into Chinese. A scion of a brāhmaṇa family from India, Dharmakṣema became at the age of six a disciple of Dharmayaśas (C. Damoyeshe; J. Donmayasha) (d.u.), an Abhidharma specialist who later traveled to China c. 397–401 and translated the ''Śāriputrābhidharmaśāstra''. Possessed of both eloquence and intelligence, Dharmakṣema was broadly learned in both monastic and secular affairs and was well versed in mainstream Buddhist texts. After he met a meditation monk named "White Head" and had a fiery debate with him, Dharmakṣema recognized his superior expertise and ended up studying with him. The monk transmitted to him a text of the ''Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra'' written on bark, which prompted Dharmakṣema to embrace the Mahāyāna. Once he reached the age of twenty, Dharmakṣema was able to recite over two million words of Buddhist texts. He was also so skilled in casting spells that he earned the sobriquet "Great Divine Spell Master" (C. Dashenzhou shi). Carrying with him the first part of the ''Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra'' that he received from "White Head," he left India and arrived in the Kucha kingdom in Central Asia. As the people of Kucha mostly studied Hīnayāna and did not accept the Mahāyāna teachings, Dharmakṣema then moved to China and lived in the western outpost of Dunhuang for several years. Juqu Mengxun, the non-Chinese ruler of the Northern Liang dynasty (397–439 CE), eventually brought Dharmakṣema to his capital. After studying the Chinese language for three years and learning how to translate Sanskrit texts orally into Chinese, Dharmakṣema engaged there in a series of translation projects under Juqu Mengxun's patronage. With the assistance of Chinese monks, such as Daolang and Huigao, Dharmakṣema produced a number of influential Chinese translations, including the ''Dabanniepan jing'' (S. ''Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra''; in forty rolls), the longest recension of the sūtra extant in any language; the ''Jinguangming jing'' ("Sūtra of Golden Light"; S. ''Suvarṇaprabhāsottamasūtra''; in four rolls); and the ''Pusa dichi jing'' (S. ''Bodhisattvabhūmisūtra''; in ten rolls). He is also said to have made the first Chinese translation of the ''Laṅkāvatārasūtra'' (C. ''Ru Lengqie jing'', but his rendering had dropped out of circulation at least by 730 CE, when the Tang Buddhist cataloguer Zhisheng (700–786 CE) compiled the Kaiyuan Shijiao Lu. The Northern Wei ruler Tuoba Tao, a rival of Juqu Mengxun's, admired Dharmakṣema's esoteric expertise and requested that the Northern Liang ruler send the Indian monk to his country. Fearing that his rival might seek to employ Dharmakṣema's esoteric expertise against him, Juqu Mengxun had the monk assassinated at the age of forty-nine. Dharmakṣema's translation of Indian Buddhist texts into Chinese had a significant impact on Chinese Buddhism; in particular, the doctrine that all beings have the buddha-nature (''foxing''), a teaching appearing in Dharmakṣema's translation of the ''Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra'', exerted tremendous influence on the development of Chinese Buddhist thought. (Source: "Dharmakṣema." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 247–48. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Dharmamitra + (Dharmamitra ［曇摩蜜多・曇無蜜多］ (356–442) (Skt; Jp … Dharmamitra ［曇摩蜜多・曇無蜜多］ (356–442) (Skt; Jpn Dommamitta or Dommumitta): A monk from Kashmir in ancient India who translated Buddhist sutras into Chinese. He entered the Buddhist Order while young and traveled through various kingdoms to pursue study of the sutras. He dedicated himself to the practice of meditation and, passing through Kucha and Tun-huang, went to China in 424, where he exhorted people to practice meditation. In 433 he went to Chien-k’ang, the capital of the Liu Sung dynasty, and in 435 founded Ting-lin-shang-ssu temple, where he lived. He converted the empress and crown prince of the Liu Sung dynasty. His works include ''The Secret Essentials of Meditation'' and Chinese translations of the ''Universal Worthy Sutra'' and the ''Meditation on Bodhisattva Space Treasury Sutra''. ([https://www.nichirenlibrary.org/en/dic/Content/D/55 Source Accessed July 15, 2021])ntent/D/55 Source Accessed July 15, 2021]))
Dharmarakṣita + (Dharmarakṣita is a c. 9th century Indian B … Dharmarakṣita is a c. 9th century Indian Buddhist credited with composing an important Mahayana text called the ''Wheel of Sharp Weapons'' (Tib. ''blo-sbyong mtshon-cha 'khor-lo''). He was the teacher of Atiśa, who was instrumental in establishing a second wave of Buddhism in Tibet.''Wheel of Sharp Weapons'' is an abbreviated title for ''The Wheel of Sharp Weapons Effectively Striking the Heart of the Foe''. This text is often referenced as a detailed source for how the laws of karma play out in our lives; it reveals many specific effects and their causes. A poetic presentation, the "wheel of sharp weapons" can be visualized as something we throw out or propel, which then comes back to cut us... something like a boomerang. In the same way, Dharmarakṣita explains, the non-virtuous causes we create through our self-interested behavior come back to 'cut us' in future lives as the ripening of the negative karma such actions create. This, he explains, is the source of all our pain and suffering. He admonishes that it is our own selfishness or self-cherishing that leads us to harm others, which in turn creates the negative karma or potential for future suffering. Our suffering is not a punishment, merely a self-created karmic result. In most verses, Dharmarakṣita also offers a suggested alternative virtuous or positive action to substitute for our previous non-virtuous behavior, actions that will create positive karma and future pleasant conditions and happiness.Despite the fact that ''Wheel of Sharp Weapons'' has come to be considered a Mahayana text, Dharmarakṣita is said to have subscribed to the Vaibhāṣika view. His authorship of the text is considered questionable by scholars for various reasons. [(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharmarak%E1%B9%A3ita_(9th_century) Source Accessed May 18, 2021])th_century) Source Accessed May 18, 2021]))
Dharmottara + (Dharmottara. (T . Chos mchog) (fl. eighth … Dharmottara. (T . Chos mchog) (fl. eighth century). Indian author of a number of works on pramāṇa, the most important of which are his detailed commentary on Dharmakīrti's ''Pramāṇaviniścaya'' and a shorter commentary on his ''Nyāyabindu''. A Contemporary or Student of Prajñākaragupta, Dharmottarawas influential in the transmission of pramāņa (T . tshad ma) studies in Tibet. Rngog Blo ldan shes rab's translation of Dharmakīrti's ''Pramāṇaviniścaya'' and ''Nyāyabindu'' into Tibetan together with Dharmottara's commentaries and his own explanations laid the foundations for the study of pramāṇa inGsang phu ne'u thog monastery. This importance continued unchallenged until Sa skya Paņḍita's detailed explanation of Dharmakīrti's ideas based on all his seven major works, particularly his ''Pramāṇavārttika'', opened up a competing tradition of explanation. (Source: "Dharmottara." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 254. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Dharmāgatayaśas + (Dharmāgatayaśas (曇摩伽陀耶舍, 5th–6th centuries … Dharmāgatayaśas (曇摩伽陀耶舍, 5th–6th centuries) means Dharma come to renown (法生稱). He was a Buddhist monk from central India, who could write Chinese. In 481, the third year of the Jianyuan (建元) years of the Xiao Qi Dynasty (蕭齊, 479–501, second of the four successive Southern Dynasties), at the Chaoting Temple (朝亭寺) in Guangzhou (廣州), Guangdong Province, he translated, from Sanskrit into Chinese, the ''Sūtra of Immeasurable Meaning'' (T09n0276). Nothing more is known about him. ([http://www.sutrasmantras.info/translators.html#kumarajiva Source Accessed Aug 19, 2021])#kumarajiva Source Accessed Aug 19, 2021]))
Dhongthog Rinpoche + (Dhongthog Rinpoche Tenpé Gyaltsen (Wyl. gd … Dhongthog Rinpoche Tenpé Gyaltsen (Wyl. gdong thog bstan pa’i rgyal mtshan) aka T.G. Dhongthog Rinpoche (1933-2015) was one of the foremost Tibetan Buddhist scholars of recent times, noted especially for his work as a historian, lexicographer and prolific author. From 1979 Rinpoche was based in Seattle, USA. He published a number of books in Tibetan and English, especially through the Sapan Institute, of which he was the founding-director.After being recognized as the fifth reincarnation of Jampal Rigpai Raldri by the Sakya Dagchen Ngawang Kunga Rinchen, Rinpoche studied Tibetan literature and Buddhist philosophy at Dzongsar Shedra. Before leaving Tibet in 1957, Rinpoche was the head teacher of Dhongthog Rigdrol Phuntsog Ling Monastery, Kardze, Tibet. Rinpoche served the Tibetan Government-in-Exile for 13 years before moving to the United States in 1979. In those 13 years, Rinpoche worked at the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives in Dharamsala and at Tibet House in New Delhi.He wrote several books, including The History of Sakyapa School of Tibetan Buddhism, The Cleansing Water-drops, The Earth Shaking Thunder of True Word, The History of Tibet, and New Light English-Tibetan Dictionary. In addition, he worked as a translator and editor on the Tibetan version of Sogyal Rinpoche's The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying and translated David Jackson's biography of Dezhung Rinpoche into Tibetan.Ven. Dhongthog Rinpoche passed away on the morning of 13th January, 2015 in Seattle, Washington.([http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Dhongthog_Rinpoche Source Accessed, April 10, 2015])Rinpoche Source Accessed, April 10, 2015]))
Paul, D. + (Diana Y. Paul was born in Akron, Ohio and … Diana Y. Paul was born in Akron, Ohio and is a graduate of Northwestern University with a degree in both psychology and philosophy and of the University of Wisconsin-Madison with a Ph.D in Buddhist Studies.. . . Her short stories have appeared in a number of literary journals and she is currently working on a second novel, ''A Perfect Match''. Currently, she lives in Carmel, CA with her husband and loves to create mixed media art, focusing on printmaking in her studio. As a Stanford professor, she has authored three books on Buddhism, one of which has been translated into Japanese and German (''Women in Buddhism'', University of California Press). ([https://dianaypaul.com/about/ Source Accessed Jan 14, 2020])Her other Buddhist works include ''Philosophy of Mind in Sixth-Century China: Paramartha’s Evolution of Consciousness'' and ''The Buddhist Feminine Ideal: Queen Srimala and the Tathagatagarbha''.: Queen Srimala and the Tathagatagarbha''.)
Hangartner, D. + (Diego Hangartner has dedicated over thirty … Diego Hangartner has dedicated over thirty years to external scientific research and internal meditative exploration of the mind and consciousness. He started as a pharmacologist specializing in psychopharmacology and addiction, always interested in what constitutes a healthy mind and how to cultivate it. He spent many years at the Institute of Buddhist Dialectics in India, studying, translating and publishing several Tibetan works, and organizing several large events with His Holiness the Dalai Lama in Europe.Diego was COO of Mind and Life Institute in the US and co-founder and director of Mind and Life Institute in Europe until 2015. Mind and Life is an organization that brings together scientists and contemplatives to discuss, research and fund research into how to tackle some of the toughest challenges facing mankind. Today, he continues his research and teaching with the Max Planck Institute, ETH (The Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) and Zurich University.To share his teaching more broadly, Diego founded the “Institute of Mental Balance and Universal Ethics” (IMBUE), an interdisciplinary initiative, to develop and provide tools and programs that foster mental balance. He created and teaches “The Wheel of Mental Balance”, a methodology to cultivate a healthy and resilient mind. ([https://www.buddhistinquiry.org/teacher/diego-hangartner/ Source Accessed Jan 8, 2021])-hangartner/ Source Accessed Jan 8, 2021]))
Schlingloff, D. + (Dieter Schlingloff (born April 24, 1928 in … Dieter Schlingloff (born April 24, 1928 in Kassel ) is a German Indologist. After graduating from high school in Eschwege in 1944/1946, he studied in Göttingen from 1947 to 1952. From 1953 to 1961 he was a research assistant at the Institute for Oriental Research at the German Academy of Sciences in Berlin. From 1962 to 1968 he was a private lecturer in Göttingen. From 1968 to 1971 he was a full professor in Kiel. From 1972 to 1996 he was a university professor in Munich. He has been an honorary professor in Leipzig since 2005.His areas of expertise are Buddhist Sanskrit literature, ancient Indian art and cultural history. He is researching mural paintings in Ajanta. ([https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieter_Schlingloff Source Accessed Jan 30, 2024])Schlingloff Source Accessed Jan 30, 2024]))
Dignāga + (Dignāga. [alt. Diṅnāga] (T. Phyogs glang; … Dignāga. [alt. Diṅnāga] (T. Phyogs glang; C. Chenna; J. Jinna; K. Chinna) (c. 480-c. 540). Indian monk regarded as the formalizer of Buddhist logic (nyāya; hetuvidyā). Dignāga was an influential innovator in Buddhist inferential reasoning or logical syllogisms (prayoga; sādhana), an important feature of Indian philosophy more broadly, which occupies a crucial place in later Indian and Tibetan philosophical analysis. The Indian Nyāya (Logic) school advocated that there were five necessary stages in syllogistic reasoning: (1) probandum or proposition (pratijñā), "The mountain is on fire"; (2) reason (hetu), "because there is smoke," (3) analogy (udāharana), "Whatever is smoky is on fire, like a stove, but unlike a lake"; (4) application (upanāya), "Since this mountain is smoky, it is on fire"; (5) conclusion (nigamana), "The mountain is on fire." Using the same example, Dignāga by contrast reduced the syllogism down to only three essential steps: (1) probandum or proposition (pakṣa), "the mountain is on fire"; (2) reason (hetu), "because there is smoke"; (3) exemplification (dṛṣṭānta), "whatever is smoky is on fire, like a stove," and "whatever is not on fire is not smoky, like a lake," or, more simply, "like a stove, unlike a lake." Dignāga is also the first scholiast to incorporate into Buddhism the Vaiśeṣika position that there are only two validmeans of knowledge (pramāṇa): direct perception (pratyakṣa, which also includes for Buddhists the subcategory of Yogipratyakṣa) and inference (anumāna). Dignāga’s major works include his Pramāņasamuccaya ("Compendium on Valid Means of Knowledge"), Ālambanaparīkṣā ("Investigation of the Object"), and Nyāyamukha ("Primer on Logic"), which is available only in Chinese translation. (Source: "Dignāga." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 259. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Khyentse, Dilgo + (Dilgo Khyentse Tashi Peljor was one of the … Dilgo Khyentse Tashi Peljor was one of the most prominent Nyingma lamas of the twentieth century, widely known also in the West. The mind reincarnation of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, his seat was Shechen Monastery, which he reestablished in Boudhanath, Nepal, in 1980. After fleeing the Communist takeover of Tibet, Dilgo Khyentse settled in Bhutan. A prolific author and treasure-revealer, his compositions are collected in twenty-five volumes. Although he received novice vows at age ten, he never fully ordained, living the life of a householder with wife and children. ([http://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Dilgo-Khyentse-Tashi-Peljor/P625 Source: Treasury of Lives])hi-Peljor/P625 Source: Treasury of Lives]))
Busquet, C. + (Diplômée de l'Institut d'art et d'archéolo … Diplômée de l'Institut d'art et d'archéologie de Paris.Elle a traduit de l'anglais et du tibétain.Gérard et Carisse Busquet, passionnés d’histoire et d’archéologie, grands voyageurs, vivent au Népal depuis plus de vingt ans. Ils ont rédigé de nombreux ouvrages sur l’Inde, le Népal et Sri Lanka. ([https://www.babelio.com/auteur/Carisse-Busquet/164461 Source Accessed April 6, 2023])uet/164461 Source Accessed April 6, 2023]))
Miller-Sangster, L. + (Director of Academic and Public Programs for Maitripa College, Portland, Oregon: programs@maitripa.org. Contact for Conference information. Art Specialist with PhD from Emory University. Connections with Red Gate Gallery, Beijing.)
McKeown, A. + (Dissertation: [[From Bodhgayā to Lhasa to Beijing: The Life and Times of Śāriputra (c.1335-1426), Last Abbot of Bodhgayā]], by … Dissertation: [[From Bodhgayā to Lhasa to Beijing: The Life and Times of Śāriputra (c.1335-1426), Last Abbot of Bodhgayā]], by Arthur McKeown. Harvard University. 2010. 570 pp. Primary Advisor: Leonard W. J. van der Kuijp. REVIEW: http://dissertationreviews.org/archives/2362EW: http://dissertationreviews.org/archives/2362)
Divākara + (Divākara (地婆訶羅, 613–87), or Rizhao (日照) in … Divākara (地婆訶羅, 613–87), or Rizhao (日照) in Chinese, was born in central India in the Brahmin Caste.He became a Monk when he was just a child, and he spent many years at the Mahābodhi Temple and the Nālandā Monastery. He was an accomplished Tripiṭaka master, excelled in the five studies and especially in Mantra practices.Already in his sixties, Divākara went to Chang-an (長安), China, in 676, the first year of the Yifeng (儀鳳) years of the Tang Dynasty (618–907).Emperor Gaozong (唐高宗) treated him as respectfully as he had treated the illustrious Tripiṭaka master Xuanzang.In 680, the first year of the Yonglong (永隆) years, the emperor commanded ten learned Monks to assist Divākara in translating sūtras from Sanskrit into Chinese.In six years Divākara translated eighteen sūtras, including the ''Sūtra of the Buddha-Crown Superb Victory Dhāraṇī'' (T19n0970), the ''Sūtra of the Great Cundī Dhāraṇī'' (T20n1077), and the ''Mahāyāna Sūtra of Consciousness Revealed'' (T12n0347).Longing to see his mother again, he petitioned for permission to go home.Unfortunately, although permission was granted, he fell ill and died in the twelfth month of 687, the third year of the Chuigong (垂拱) years, at the age of seventy-five.Empress Wu (武后則天) had him buried properly at the Xiangshan Monastery (香山寺) in Luoyang (洛陽).([http://www.chinabuddhismencyclopedia.com/en/index.php?title=Div%C4%81kara Source Accessed Aug 18, 2020])v%C4%81kara Source Accessed Aug 18, 2020]))
Gyal, Dobis Tsering + (Dobis Tsering Gyal works in the Tibet Arch … Dobis Tsering Gyal works in the Tibet Archives, Lhasa. He received a PhD in Tibetan Cultural Anthropology from Central University for Nationalities, Beijing. His research interests include Tibetan historical archives, the political system of the dGa' ldan pho brang (1642-1959) and Tibetan modern literature.(1642-1959) and Tibetan modern literature.)
Sur, D. + (Dominic D. Z. Sur is an Assistant Professo … Dominic D. Z. Sur is an Assistant Professor of Religious Studies, teaching courses in world religions and Buddhism. Dr. Sur's recent publications include ''Entering the Way of the Great Vehicle: Dzogchen as the Culmination of the Mahāyāna'' (2017). He is presently working on a study of the rise of scholasticism and sectarian identity in eleventh century Tibet. ([https://history.usu.edu/faculty/faculty-directory/dominic-sur Source Accessed Jan 27, 2020])*'''Recent Publications:'''**Constituting Canon and Community in Eleventh Century Tibet: The Extant Writings of Rongzom and His Charter of Mantrins (sngags pa’i bca’ yig). Religions (2017) 8, 40. [https://www.academia.edu/31878104/Constituting_Canon_and_Community_in_Eleventh_Century_Tibet_The_Extant_Writings_of_Rongzom_and_His_Charter_of_Mantrins_sngags_pai_bca_yig_?email_work_card=title doi:10.3390/rel8030040]il_work_card=title doi:10.3390/rel8030040])
Scarangello, D. + (Dominick Scarangello, PhD, specializes in … Dominick Scarangello, PhD, specializes in early-modern and modern Japanese religions. He has taught at the University of Virginia and was the Postdoctoral Scholar in Japanese Buddhism at the Center for Japanese Studies, University of California, Berkeley (2013-14). Currently he is an international advisor to Rissho Kosei-kai. Dominick Scarangello obtained his Ph.D. in Religious Studies with a concentration in East Asian Buddhism from the University of Virginia in 2012. He specializes in early modern and modern Japanese religions, and his scholarly interests include the Lotus Sutra tradition in East Asia, esoteric Buddhism, religion and modernity, embodiment, religious material culture, and religious praxis in Japan, including liturgy and ascetic practices. He taught at the University of Virginia and was the Postdoctoral Scholar in Japanese Buddhism at the Center for Japanese Studies, University of California, Berkeley (2013-2014).Presently, he is the International Advisor to the lay Buddhist group Rissho-Kosei-kai, located in Tokyo, Japan, where he is responsible for education, translation and other duties, including coordinating the International Lotus Sutra Seminar (ILSS), an annual academic conference focused on the Lotus Sutra and its related religious traditions. At Rissho Kosei-kai he was one of the principle editors of The Threefold Lotus Sutra: A Modern Translation for Contemporary Readers, and is now engaged in a retranslation of one of the principle Lotus Sutra commentaries of Niwano Nikkyo (1906-99), founder of Rissho Kosei-kai. He is also involved with editing Dharma World magazine and is a regular contributor. ([https://independent.academia.edu/DominickScarangello Adapted from Source Sep 16, 2021])angello Adapted from Source Sep 16, 2021]))
Wujastyk, D. + (Dominik Wujastyk is a professor and Singhm … Dominik Wujastyk is a professor and Singhmar Chair of Ancient Indian Society and Polity at the University of Alberta. His areas of research include Sanskrit language and literature, classical Indian studies, social and intellectual history of precolonial India, and the history of science and medicine in premodern India. Wujastyk has published many articles and books based on his research, including The Roots of Ayurveda; he has also coedited Studies on Indian Medical History and Mathematics and Medicine in Sanskrit. Source: ([https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/authors/248088/dominik-wujastyk Penguin Random House])88/dominik-wujastyk Penguin Random House]))
Swearer, D. + (Donald K. Swearer is the Charles & Har … Donald K. Swearer is the Charles & Harriet Cox McDowell Emeritus Professor of Religion, Swarthmore College. From 2004 to 2010, he served as director of the Center for the Study of World Religions at Harvard Divinity School. Although he has taught widely in the field of Asian and comparative religions, his research has focused on Theravada Buddhism in Southeast Asia, especially in Thailand. His recent monographs in that field include: ''The Buddhist World of Southeast Asia'', ''Becoming the Buddha: The Ritual of Image Consecration in Thailand'', ''The Sacred Mountains of Northern Thailand and Their Legends'', and ''The Legend of Queen Cama: Bodhiramsi’s Camadevivamsa, a Translation and Commentary''. He currently lives in Claremont, California. (Source: [https://wisdomexperience.org/content-author/donald-swearer/ Wisdom Publications])t-author/donald-swearer/ Wisdom Publications]))
Lopez, D. + (Donald S. Lopez, Jr. was born in Washingto … Donald S. Lopez, Jr. was born in Washington, D. C. in 1952 and was educated at the University of Virginia, receiving a doctorate in Religious Studies in 1982. After teaching at Middlebury College, he joined the faculty of the University of Michigan in 1989, where he is currently Arthur E. Link Distinguished University Professor of Buddhist and Tibetan Studies in the Department of Asian Languages and Cultures. He is the author or editor of more than twenty books, which have been translated into French, Italian, Spanish, Dutch, Czech, Polish, Korean, and Chinese. His books include ''Buddhism in Practice'' (Princeton, 1995), ''Elaborations on Emptiness: Uses of the Heart Sutra'' (Princeton, 1996), ''Curators of the Buddha: The Study of Buddhism Under Colonialism'' (Chicago, 1995), ''Prisoners of Shangri-La: Tibetan Buddhism and the West'' (Chicago, 1998), ''The Story of Buddhism'' (Harper San Francisco, 2001), ''A Modern Buddhist Bible'' (Beacon, 2002), ''Buddhist Scriptures'' (Penguin Classics, 2004), ''Critical Terms for the Study of Buddhism'' (Chicago, 2005), ''The Madman's Middle Way: Reflections on Reality of the Tibetan Monk Gendun Chopel'' (Chicago, 2005), ''Buddhism and Science: A Guide for the Perplexed'' (Chicago, 2008), and ''In the Forest of Faded Wisdom: 104 Poems of Gendun Chopel'' (Chicago, 2009). He has also served as editor of the ''Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies''. In 2002-03 he served as Associate Dean for Academic Affairs in the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts at the University of Michigan. He has received fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the American Council of Learned Societies, the Guggenheim Foundation, and the Getty Research Institute. In 1998 he was named Arthur F. Thurnau Professor, the University of Michigan's highest award for undergraduate teaching. In 2000 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2005, he was named a Distinguished University Professor. In 2007, he received the John H. D'Arms Faculty Award for Distinguished Graduate Mentoring in the Humanities. He currently serves as chair of the Michigan Society of Fellows and as chair of the Department of Asian Languages and Cultures. ([http://www.css.edu/academics/school-of-arts-and-letters/lectures-and-performances/oreck-alpern-interreligious-forum/dr-donald-lopez.html Source Accessed July 22, 2020])lopez.html Source Accessed July 22, 2020]))
Dong Qichang + (Dong Qichang (Chinese: 董其昌; pinyin: Dǒng Q … Dong Qichang (Chinese: 董其昌; pinyin: Dǒng Qíchāng; Wade–Giles: Tung Ch'i-ch'ang; courtesy name Xuanzai (玄宰); 1555–1636), was a Chinese painter, calligrapher, politician, and art theorist of the later period of the Ming dynasty.'''Life as a scholar and calligrapher:''' Dong Qichang was a native of Hua Ting (located in modern-day Shanghai), the son of a teacher and somewhat precocious as a child. At 12 he passed the prefectural Civil service entrance examination and won a coveted spot at the prefectural Government school. He first took the imperial civil service exam at seventeen, but placed second to a cousin because his calligraphy was clumsy. This led him to train until he became a noted calligrapher. Once this occurred he rose up the ranks of the imperial service passing the highest level at the age of 35. He rose to an official position with the Ministry of Rites.[1]'''Landscape with Calligraphy, Tokyo National Museum:'''' His positions in the bureaucracy were not without controversy. In 1605 he was giving the exam when the candidates demonstrated against him causing his temporary retirement. In other cases he insulted and beat women who came to his home with grievances. That led to his house being burned down by an angry mob. He also had the tense relations with the eunuchs common to the scholar bureaucracy. Dong's tomb in Songjiang District was vandalized during the Cultural Revolution, and his body dressed in official Ming court robes, was desecrated by Red Guards.'''Painter:'''' His work favored expression over formal likeness. He also avoided anything he deemed to be slick or sentimental. This led him to create landscapes with intentionally distorted spatial features. Still his work was in no way abstract as it took elements from earlier Yuan masters. His views on expression had importance to later "individualist" painters.'''Art theory:'''' In his art theoretical writings, Dong developed the theory that Chinese painting could be divided into two schools, the northern school characterized by fine lines and colors and the southern school noted for its quick calligraphic strokes. These names are misleading as they refer to Northern and Southern schools of Chan Buddhism thought rather than geographic areas. Hence a Northern painter could be geographically from the south and a Southern painter geographically from the north. In any event he strongly favored the Southern school and dismissed the Northern school as superficial or merely decorative.His ideal of Southern school painting was one where the artist forms a new style of individualistic painting by building on and transforming the style of traditional masters. This was to correspond with sudden enlightenment, as favored by Southern Chan Buddhism. He was a great admirer of Mi Fu and Ni Zan. By relating to the ancient masters' style, artists are to create a place for themselves within the tradition, not by mere imitation, but by extending and even surpassing the art of the past. Dong's theories, combining veneration of past masters with a creative forward looking spark, would be very influential on Qing dynasty artists as well as collectors, "especially some of the newly rich collectors of Sungchiang, Huichou in Southern Anhui, Yangchou, and other places where wealth was concentrated in this period". Together with other early self-appointed arbiters of taste known as the Nine Friends, he helped determine which painters were to be considered collectible (or not). As Cahill points out, such men were the forerunners of today's art historians. His classifications were quite perceptive and he is credited with being "the first art historian to do more than list and grade artists." ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dong_Qichang Source Accessed July 14, 2023])en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dong_Qichang Source Accessed July 14, 2023]))
Nyingcha, Dorje + (Dorje Nyingcha is Associate Professor at t … Dorje Nyingcha is Associate Professor at the Center for Studies of Ethnic Minorities in Northwest China at Lanzhou University. He began studying Tibetan literature at Northwest Minzu University in Lanzhou where he received his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1995. He received his doctorate in South Asian Studies at Harvard University. His research focuses on biographies and Tibetan Buddhist intellectual history, particularly pre-fourteenth-century intellectual history. His dissertation was on Garungpa Lhai Gyaltsen (1319-1402/3), a student of Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen (1292-1361) who became an important scholar and defender of the Jonang tradition in the fourteenth century. (Sheehy and Mathes, ''The Other Emptiness: Rethinking the Zhentong Buddhist Discourse in Tibet, 381)Zhentong Buddhist Discourse in Tibet, 381))
Yuthok, Dorje + (Dorje Yudon was a Tibetan aristocrat who f … Dorje Yudon was a Tibetan aristocrat who fled the Communist take over of Tibet to settle in the United States. A member of two prominent Lhasa families, she moved across the Tibetan and Indian border several times and had relationships with several key players in the political events of mid-twentieth century Tibet.cal events of mid-twentieth century Tibet.)
Wangchuk, Dorji + (Dorji Wangchuk was born in 1967 in East Bh … Dorji Wangchuk was born in 1967 in East Bhutan. After the completion of his ten year training (1987–1997) in the Tibetan monastic seminary of Ngagyur Nyingma Institute at Bylakuppe, Mysore, South India, he studied classical Indology and Tibetology, with a focus on Buddhism, at the University of Hamburg, where he received his MA (2002) and PhD (2005) degrees. Currently he is professor for Tibetology at the Department of Indian and Tibetan Studies, Asia-Africa Institute, University of Hamburg. His special field of interest lies in the intellectual history of Tibetan Buddhism and in the Tibetan Buddhist literature. (Source: [http://www.aai.uni-hamburg.de/indtib/Personen.html Hamburg University])/indtib/Personen.html Hamburg University]))
Burns, D. + (Douglas Burns, M.D. was an American psychi … Douglas Burns, M.D. was an American psychiatrist who intensely studied and practiced Buddhism in Thailand. He was last seen in Bangkok in 1975 before leaving on a trip to southern Thailand. He was presumed dead, but mystery surrounds his disappearance. ([https://www.dhammawiki.com/index.php/Douglas_Burns Source Accessed April 6, 2019])glas_Burns Source Accessed April 6, 2019]))
Duckworth, D. + (Douglas Duckworth, Ph.D. (Virginia, 2005) … Douglas Duckworth, Ph.D. (Virginia, 2005) is Professor at Temple University and the Director of Graduate Studies in the Department of Religion. His papers have appeared in numerous journals and books, including the ''Blackwell Companion to Buddhist Philosophy'', ''Sophia'', ''Philosophy East & West'', the ''Journal for the American Academy of Religion'', ''Asian Philosophy'', and the ''Journal of Contemporary Buddhism''. Duckworth is the author of ''Mipam on Buddha-Nature: The Ground of the Nyingma Tradition'' (SUNY 2008) and ''Jamgön Mipam: His Life and Teachings'' (Shambhala 2011). He also introduced and translated ''Distinguishing the Views and Philosophies: Illuminating Emptiness in a Twentieth-Century Tibetan Buddhist Classic'' by Bötrül (SUNY 2011). He is a co-author of ''Dignāga’s Investigation of the Percept: A Philosophical Legacy in India and Tibet'' (Oxford 2016) and co-editor of ''Buddhist Responses to Religious Diversity: Theravāda and Tibetan Perspectives'' (Equinox 2020). He also is the co-editor, with Jonathan Gold, of ''Readings of Śāntideva’s Guide to Bodhisattva Practice (Bodhicaryāvatāra)'' (CUP 2019). His latest works include ''Tibetan Buddhist Philosophy of Mind and Nature'' (OUP 2019) and a translation of an overview of the Wisdom Chapter of the ''Way of the Bodhisattva'' by Künzang Sönam, entitled ''The Profound Reality of Interdependence'' (OUP 2019). Doctor Duckworth received the first '''Distinguished Research Grant in Tibetan Buddhist Studies''' from Tsadra Foundation for 2020-2023. (Source: Duckworth, January 28, 2021)20-2023. (Source: Duckworth, January 28, 2021))
Berger, D. + (Douglas L. Berger is Professor of Comparat … Douglas L. Berger is Professor of Comparative Philosophy at Leiden University in the Netherlands. His primary areas of research and teaching are classical Brāhmiṇical and Indian Buddhist thought, Classical Chinese philosophy, and cross-culturalphilosophical hermeneutics. He is the author of ''Encounters of Mind: Luminosity and Personhood in Indian and Chinese Thought'' (SUNY Press, 2015), ''"The Veil of Māyā:" Schopenhauer’s System and Early Indian Thought'' (Global Academic Publications, 2004), and coeditor, with JeeLoo Liu, of ''Nothingness in Asian Philosophy'' (Routledge, 2014). He has authored dozens of essays and book chapters on the areas of his research and is chief editor of the University of Hawai'i Press book series "Dimensions of Asian Spirituality." He has also served as the president of the Society for Asian and Comparative Philosophy (2014–2016). (Source: [https://research.tsadra.org/index.php/Ethics_without_Self,_Dharma_without_Atman Ethics without Self, Dharma without Atman])thics without Self, Dharma without Atman]))
Halkias, G. + (Dr Georgios T. Halkias is currently Assist … Dr Georgios T. Halkias is currently Assistant Professor of Buddhism at the Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong. He received his DPhil in Oriental Studies (Tibetan and Himalayan Studies) in 2006 at the University of Oxford and has extensive fieldwork experience in India and Nepal. He specializes in Tibetan Buddhism, the transmission of Buddhism to Tibet, and Himalayan history and culture. Dr Halkias has been a Visiting Associate Researcher at the Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford since 2007, and a Fellow at the Oxford Centre of Buddhist Studies since 2009. [http://translationintibet.wordpress.com/who-we-are-buddhist-translation-tibet/georgios-t-halkias/ source]nslation-tibet/georgios-t-halkias/ source])
Matsunaga, D. + (Dr Matsunagawas born June 22, 1941 and rai … Dr Matsunagawas born June 22, 1941 and raised in the Eikyoji Buddhist Temple in Fukagawa-shi, Hokkaida Japan. After ordination and Buddhist theological training, he came to the University of Southern California Theology School on a scholarship for further study. He received an M.A. and a Ph.D at the Claremont Graduate University. Appointed as a professor at California State University Northridge, he taught Japanese cultural history and Buddhism for over 13 years. He was called back to Tokyo to establish the International Buddhist Study Center at the Tokyo Honganji by the Supreme Primate of the Jodo Shinshu church and was its current director. At the same time he was the temple master of Eikyoji on Hokkaido, which he succeeded to upon the death of his father. He also held a position of a visiting professorship at the University of Wales in the United Kingdom where he lectured on Budddhism for a dozen years. He and his wife, Alicia Orloff- Matsunaga founded the Reno Buddhist Church in 1989. Alicia preceeded Dr Matsunaga in death in 1998. ([https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/rgj/name/daigan-matsunaga-obituary?id=24894374 Source Accessed Apr 11, 2022])id=24894374 Source Accessed Apr 11, 2022]))
Albahari, M. + (Dr Miri Albahari is a Philosophy Lecturer … Dr Miri Albahari is a Philosophy Lecturer at the University of Western Australia and is the author of ''Analytical Buddhism: The Two-Tiered Illusion of Self''. The book was converted from a Ph.D thesis that was supervised by John A. Baker at the University of Calgary. Miri teaches comparative philosophy and is building a novel consciousness-based metaphysical system for what Aldous Huxley referred to as ‘the Perennial Philosophy’. Albahari’s ideas on this theme have been published in journals such as ''Philosophers’ Imprint'' and ''Journal of Consciousness Studies'' and in ''The Routledge Handbook of Panpsychism''. She is married to David Godman, a leading author on the renowned South Indian sage Ramana Maharshi whose teachings exemplify the Perennial Philosophy. ([https://www.scrippscollege.edu/hi/2021-spring/featuring-miri-albahari Source Accessed Feb 10, 2023])ri-albahari Source Accessed Feb 10, 2023]))
Joshi, S. + (Dr Shubhada Joshi has done her PHD in 'Lok … Dr Shubhada Joshi has done her PHD in 'Lokyata' a Critical Study with Specialization in Indian Philosophy, Ethics, Metaethics, Saint Philosophy and Bhakti, Inter-Cultural and Inter-Religious Philosophy, Philosophy of 19th century, Maharashtra. Being in the teaching profession spanning 37 years, she was the Head, Department of Philosophy, 1991-2005 and 2008-2014 University of Mumbai. She was instrumental in introducing 10 Certificate and Diploma courses started in the Department of Philosophy, to introduce various Philosophical traditions to people from all walks of life from 1996 onwards. ([https://in.bookmyshow.com/person/dr-shubhada-joshi/1080441 Source Accessed Jan 28, 2021])shi/1080441 Source Accessed Jan 28, 2021]))
Hermann-Pfandt, A. + (Dr. Adelheid Hermann-Pfandt is a professor … Dr. Adelheid Hermann-Pfandt is a professor of Religious Studies at Philipps University of Marburg. His main areas of study include, the History of religions in India and Tibet, religious art, iconography of Tibetan Buddhism, religion in Indian film, religious studies on women and gender, religion and violence, and destructive cults.Born 1955 in Göttingen.1975-1983 studied religious and intellectual history, religious studies, history, classical philology, Indology, Tibetology and Indian art history in Erlangen and Bonn.1983 Magister Artium (Religious Studies, Modern History, Tibetology) with the work Investigations into the religious history and mythology of the Dakinis in the Indo-Tibetan region.1990 PhD in Bonn (religious studies, Indology, Tibetology) with the dissertation Dakinis: On the position and symbolism of the female in tantric Buddhism (published in 1992 by Indica et Tibetica Verlag, Bonn).1991-1994 Research Assistant in the Department of Indology/Tibetology at the University of Marburg.1994ff. Lectureships at the Universities of Bremen, Marburg, Hanover, Göttingen, Frankfurt am Main, Fribourg/Switzerland, Siegen.1999 year-long intensive study of colloquial Tibetan at the Manjushree Center of Tibetan Culture in Darjeeling, India.2001 Habilitation in Marburg in the subject of religious studies with the work A source study of esoteric (tantric) Buddhism in India from the beginnings to the 9th century.2002 Appointment as private lecturer for religious studies at the Philipps University of Marburg.2004 Collaboration in the DFG project "Destiny Interpretation and Lifestyle in Japanese Religions" (Prof. Dr. Michael Pye, Marburg).2006-2008 Planning and management of the special exhibition "Tibet in Marburg" in the religious studies collection of the University of Marburg, including publication of the catalogue.2009 Appointment as adjunct professor for religious studies at the Philipps University of Marburg.2009 Käthe-Leichter visiting professor for women's and gender studies in the field of religions in South Asia and Tibet at the Institute for South Asian, Tibetan and Buddhist Studies at the University of Vienna.2009-2014 research grant from the Horst and Käthe Eliseit Foundation, Essen, for the project "Comparative studies on rNying ma pa iconography". ([https://www.uni-marburg.de/de/fb03/ivk/fachgebiete/religionswissenschaft/fach/personen/copy_of_apl-prof-dr-adelheid-herrmann-pfandt Source Accessed Sep 30, 2022])mann-pfandt Source Accessed Sep 30, 2022]))
Kaul, A. + (Dr. Advaitavadini Kaul is Editor in the In … Dr. Advaitavadini Kaul is Editor in the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA) in New Delhi. Here, she is mainly responsible for the preparation of two fundamental series of publications, viz., the Kalatattvakosa (a lexicon of Indian Art Concepts) and the Kalamulasastra (fundamental texts on Indian Arts). She has edited the fourth volume of the Kalatattvakosa series on Manifestation of Nature. She is also an associate editor of the fifth volume on Form/Shape. Basically an M.A. (Sanskrit) and Ph.D. (Buddhist Studies) Dr. Kaul has already published her book: Buddhist Savants of Kashmir: Their Contribution Abroad. Her next book on Kashmir's Contribution to Buddhism in Central Asia is forthcoming. She has contributed several research papers to various national/international conferences where her main interest remains to unravel perennial traditions with special emphasis upon the traditions prevalent in Kashmir. ([https://readersend.com/product/a-history-of-kashmiri-pandits/ Source Accessed Aug 31, 2021])ri-pandits/ Source Accessed Aug 31, 2021]))
Wenta, A. + (Dr. Aleksandra Wenta is Assistant Professo … Dr. Aleksandra Wenta is Assistant Professor in the School of Buddhist Studies, Philosophy and Comparative Religions. She was trained at Oxford University, Banaras Hindu University, and Jagiellonian University. She was fellow at the Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla (2012-2014) where she worked on the aesthetics of power in medieval Chidambaram. Her scholarly interests range from Buddhism in India and Tibet, through Sanskrit and history of Śaivism in Kashmir and South India, to the performance theories and emotions in pre-modern India. She is currently working on the history of the transmission of the esoteric Buddhist cult from India to Tibet. ([https://nalandauniv.edu.in/faculties/aleksandra-wenta/ Source Accessed Feb 11, 2021])ndra-wenta/ Source Accessed Feb 11, 2021]))
Bloom, A. + (Dr. Alfred Bloom has long been a pioneer i … Dr. Alfred Bloom has long been a pioneer in putting Shin Buddhism in modern context, showing its relevance to men and women of every age and culture. He began his life as a fundamentalist Christian, drawn to missionary work when, at the age of eighteen, he was sent to serve with the Army of Occupation in Japan. Hearing Amida Buddha used to interpret the Christian term "grace" roused his curiousity. When he returned to seminary, he became a liberal with an increasing interest in Buddhism.In 1957, he returned to Japan for two years on a Fulbright, studying the life and thought of the radical thirteenth century monk Shinran, founder of Shin Buddhist tradition. From 1959 to 1961, he was at Harvard University, completing his doctorate and serving as the first proctor at Harvard's Center for the Study of World Religions. For several years he taught religious studies at the University of Oregon, joining the Religion Department of the University of Hawaii in 1970. (Source: ''The Promise of Boundless Compassion: Shin Buddhism For Today'', book jacket)n: Shin Buddhism For Today'', book jacket))
Aviv, E. + (Dr. Aviv is interested in Buddhist philoso … Dr. Aviv is interested in Buddhist philosophy and intellectual history. He studies topics of intersections between early Buddhist Philosophy, especially of the Abhidharma and the Yogacara traditions, and contemporary philosophy. His interest includes topics such as philosophy of mind, cognitive science, ethics and contemplative practices. His intellectual history research focuses on religion in the modern period, especially the Buddhist renaissance in modern China. In addition, he is also interested in the way the Yogacara school was received and developed in pre-modern China. His current book project explores the role of Indian Buddhist philosophy in the formation of modern Chinese Buddhist thought. ([https://religion.columbian.gwu.edu/eyal-aviv Source Accessed June 8, 2023])u/eyal-aviv Source Accessed June 8, 2023]))
Puri, B. + (Dr. Baijnath Puri, the Professor Emeritus, … Dr. Baijnath Puri, the Professor Emeritus, was one of the leading Indian historians, a widely traveled man and was often invited to deliver lectures at many universities in Europe. He was for more than five years Professor and Head of the Department of Ancient Indian History and Archaeology at the Lucknow University.His two works ''India in the Time of Patanjali'' and ''The History of the Gurjara Pratiharas'' earned him the two research degrees of M. Litt. and D. Phil. from the Oxford University. He has more than 25 published works to his credit. (Source: [https://www.mlbd.in/products/buddhism-in-central-asia-b-n-puri-9788120803725-8120803728 Motilal Banarsidass])120803725-8120803728 Motilal Banarsidass]))
Nelson, B. + (Dr. Barbara Nelson is a Lecturer in the Sc … Dr. Barbara Nelson is a Lecturer in the School of Culture, History and Language, ANU College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. Her research interests include the history of Mahāyāna Buddhism in India, bodhisattva path and ''kshaanti'' (patience), Buddhist texts in Sanskrit, translation studies, Indian history and religions, and the policy and practice of secularism in India. ([https://researchers.anu.edu.au/researchers/nelson-be Source Accessed Jan 13, 2021])s/nelson-be Source Accessed Jan 13, 2021]))
Clark, B. + (Dr. Barry Clark is the only Westerner to h … Dr. Barry Clark is the only Westerner to have undergone the complete theoretical and clinical training of a Tibetan doctor. For almost 20 years, he has studied, practiced and taught the ancient science of Tibetan medicine. His primary teacher was Dr. Yeshe Donden, the personal physician to H.H. the Dalai Lama for eighteen years. Dr. Clark now lives and practices in New Zealand, and frequently teaches and gives workshops in Europe, North America and SE Asia. (Source: [https://www.shambhala.com/snowlion_articles/the-quintessence-tantras-of-tibetan-medicine/ Shambhala Publications])tibetan-medicine/ Shambhala Publications]))
Cantwell, C. + (Dr. Cathy Cantwell in an Honorary Research … Dr. Cathy Cantwell in an Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Kent's School of Anthropology and Conservation.Dr Cathy Cantwell first came to Kent for her undergraduate degree in Social Anthropology in 1975-78 and, after travelling in India the following year, she returned to Kent for her doctoral research. Her PhD (1989) was a study of a Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Northern India, especially focusing on the annual cycle of ritual practice. Since the 1990s, she has principally worked on Tibetan textual research projects together with her husband, Robert Mayer, including a project at CSAC Kent with Professor Michael Fischer on an eighteenth century Tibetan manuscript collection. While keeping her Kent association, Cathy has participated in research projects in Tibetan studies at the University of Bochum as a Mercator Fellow (2018-2019) and as a visiting Research Fellow (2015-2016), working on the theme of Religion and the Senses. She has been involved in the design of and work on a series of AHRC funded research projects at the Oriental Institute, University of Oxford (2002-2015), as well as one at the University of Cardiff (2006-2009). Major publications have included: ''A Noble Noose of Methods, the Lotus Garland Synopsis: A Mahāyoga Tantra and its Commentary'' (2012); ''Early Tibetan Documents on Phur pa from Dunhuang'' (2008); and ''The Kīlaya Nirvāṇa Tantra and the Vajra Wrath Tantra: two texts from the Ancient Tantra Collection'' (2007), written jointly with Robert Mayer, and published by The Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, Vienna.Dr Cantwell retains her passionate interest in Tibetan rituals and tantric practice of all historical periods. As well as delving into archaeologically recovered tantric manuscripts dating from the tenth century, a book is in process on authorship, originality and innovation in Tibetan revelations (the output of a project at Oxford, 2010-2015), looking at textual developments over many generations, with a focus on the productions of Dudjom Jigdral Yeshe Dorje (1904-1987). Recent publications include an article on contemporary Tibetan 'Medicinal Accomplishment' rituals. Her major work on a twentieth-century Tibetan Buddhist master is also in press. A further forthcoming book on a twentieth century revelation of longevity rituals, co-authored with Geoffrey Samuel with contributions from Robert Mayer and P. Ogyan Tanzin, is entitled, ''The Seed of Immortal Life: Contexts and Meanings of a Tibetan Longevity Practice''. ([https://www.kent.ac.uk/anthropology-conservation/people/2909/cantwell-cathy Source Accessed Mar 18, 2021])twell-cathy Source Accessed Mar 18, 2021]))
Kassor, C. + (Dr. Constance Kassor is an Assistant Profe … Dr. Constance Kassor is an Assistant Professor of Religious Studies at Lawrence University in Wisconsin, where she teaches courses on Buddhist thought and Asian religious traditions. Her research primarily focuses on Tibetan Buddhist philosophy, and she is currently completing a book manuscript on the philosophy of the 15th-century Tibetan scholar Gorampa Sonam Senge. Connie is also interested in issues related to women and gender minorities in Buddhist traditions, as well as Buddhism and social justice, and she has spent several years living with Buddhist communities in India and Nepal. In addition to her scholarly publications, she has written for Lion’s Roar and Tricycle, and has recently published an audio course on Asian religious traditions for The Great Courses and Audible. ([https://constancekassor.net/ Source Accessed Oct 27, 2021])kassor.net/ Source Accessed Oct 27, 2021]))
Hirota, D. + (Dr. Dennis Hirota is a professor in the De … Dr. Dennis Hirota is a professor in the Department of Shin Buddhism at Ryukoku University in Kyoto, Japan. He was born in Berkeley, California in 1946 and received his B.A. from University of California, Berkeley. In 2008, he was a visiting professor of Buddhism at Harvard Divinity School where his studies focused on the Buddhist monk Shinran.He has worked extensively as a translator and editor of Buddhist works. He is particularly known for his translation work in The Collected Works of Shinran. He has also published numerous books and articles, in both English and Japanese, on Pure Land Buddhism and Buddhist aesthetics. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Hirota Source Accessed June 2, 2023])nnis_Hirota Source Accessed June 2, 2023]))
Maher, D. + (Dr. Derek F. Maher joined the ECU faculty … Dr. Derek F. Maher joined the ECU faculty in 2003. He earned a PhD and MA in the History of Religions: Tibetan Studies from the Department of Religious Studies at the University of Virginia, and a BA in Philosophy and BS in Physics from Evergreen State College. He is an associate professor of religious studies at East Carolina University. Dr. Maher teaches courses in Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Methodology, and Religion and Violence.His research interests include Tibetan biography, history, philosophy, politics, and especially religion. In particular, he is working on a series of biographies to see how they enact religious, philosophical and political agendas. He is actively engaged in publishing and presenting his research at national and international organizations. ([https://religionprogram.ecu.edu/derek-f-maher-phd/])ligionprogram.ecu.edu/derek-f-maher-phd/]))
Peoples, D. + (Dr. Dion Peoples is scholar of Buddhist Studies and translator of Pali Buddhist Texts. He is affiliated with the College of Religious Studies at Mahidol University in Bangkok Thailand.)
Tyomkin, E. + (Dr. Edvard N. Tyomkin was a Senior Researc … Dr. Edvard N. Tyomkin was a Senior Researcher of the Manuscript Department at the St. Petersburg Branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, a specialist in the history of ancient culture and mythology of India and in Central Asia philology, and author of a series of monographs and articles. ([https://manuscripta-orientalia.kunstkamera.ru/our_authors Adapted from Source Feb 12, 2021])authors Adapted from Source Feb 12, 2021]))
Chen, F. + (Dr. Frederick Shih-Chung Chen holds a DPhi … Dr. Frederick Shih-Chung Chen holds a DPhil degree in Oriental Studies from the University of Oxford and two MA degrees, in Oriental and African Religions and in the History and Culture of Medicine, respectively, from the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. He is a Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. In 2004-2005, he was a research fellow at the Institute of Oriental Studies, University of Tokyo, sponsored by the Bukkyō Dendō Kyōkai fellowship. After completing his DPhil degree, he was awarded Post-doctoral fellowships by the National Science Council of Taiwan R.O.C. and the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation of European Region during 2010-2012, to conduct his research project, The Early Formation of the Buddhist Otherworld Bureaucracy in Early Medieval China, at the Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford. He has published articles on related topics, which will eventually be collected in a planned book. Before arriving at IKGF, he was a researcher on the project, Buddhist Stone Inscriptions in China, at the Heidelberg Academy of Science and Humanities and a research associate at the Faculty of Archaeology, University of Oxford. Dr. Chen specializes in East Asian Buddhism and Chinese religions. He is also interested in the history of Chinese medicine and the history of knowledge transmission. His current research focuses on transcultural exchange between Buddhism and Chinese religions in the border areas of China during the early medieval and medieval periods. ([http://www.ikgf.uni-erlangen.de/people/index.shtml/frederick-chen.shtml Source Accessed May 26, 2020])sed May 26, 2020]))
Filippi, G. + (Dr. Gian Giuseppe Filippi is Professor of … Dr. Gian Giuseppe Filippi is Professor of lndology and History of Art of lndia, University “Ca’ Foscari”, Venice. Involved, since 1971, in extensive field studies in India, directed specially towards the traditional relations between the shrines and rituals, he is not just one of the discoverers of Drupad Kila (in mid- Ganga plains), but led the multidisciplinary research team, credited with this discovery.Extensively published, Professor Filippi is President of the Venetian Academy of Indian Studies (VAIS), heads Human Sciences research in the “Kampilya Project”; and is Member of Is.I.A.O., Royal Society of Asian Affairs, Indian Archaeological Society, and Pafichal Research Institute, among several other institutions in Europe and India. ([https://dkprintworld.com/author-book/gian-giuseppe-filippi/ Source Accessed Nov 20, 2023])pe-filippi/ Source Accessed Nov 20, 2023]))
Forgues, G. + (Dr. Gregory Forgues is Director of Researc … Dr. Gregory Forgues is Director of Research at Tsadra Foundation. Before joining the foundation, Gregory was part of the Open Philology research project with Professor Jonathan Silk at the University of Leiden. He also worked as a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Heidelberg and a Visiting Professor of Buddhist Studies at the University of Bochum. Gregory has published on a wide variety of topics including Mahāyāna sūtra translations, Tibetan tantric rituals, Dzogchen teachings, and digital humanities methods. His PhD dissertation on Jamgon Mipham’s interpretation of the two truths under Professor Klaus-Dieter Mathes' supervision was reviewed by Professor Birgit Kellner and Professor Matthew Kapstein, receiving a distinction from the University of Vienna.distinction from the University of Vienna.)
Dharmasiri, G. + (Dr. Gunapala Dharmasiri, retired chair of … Dr. Gunapala Dharmasiri, retired chair of the philosophy department at the University at Peradeniya, was affectionately known as “Dharme” to his many students in Sri Lanka and around the world. The soft-spoken philosopher was one of Sri Lanka’s foremost Buddhist scholars. Over the course of his career, he integrated his profound understanding of the Theravadan tradition with the Mahayanan and Vajrayanan paths to enlightenment. Fluent in Sinhalese, Pali, Sanskrit, and English, Dharme’s books, translations, and lectures were infused with his remarkable understanding of the Buddha’s teachings and with his thorough comprehension of Eastern and Western philosophies. Read more [https://www.swarthmore.edu/bulletin/archive/fall-2015-issue-i-cxiii/farewell-dharm.html here].5-issue-i-cxiii/farewell-dharm.html here].)
Hartmann, C. + (Dr. Hartmann joined the Department of Phil … Dr. Hartmann joined the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies as Assistant Professor of Asian Religions in 2020. She received a B.A. in Religious Studies from the University of Virginia in 2011, an M.A. in the History of Religions from the University of Chicago in 2013, and a Ph.D. from the Committee on the Study of Religion at Harvard University in 2020. She teaches courses about Buddhism and other Asian religions, including History of Non-Western Religions and Buddhist Ethics. Professor Hartmann's engagement with Religious Studies arises out of a longstanding interest in religion as a force that shapes our experience of the world, and in the practices religions develop to transform that experience. After growing up in a multi-religious household, she encountered Buddhism as an undergraduate, and hasn't looked back since. She is comfortable in classical Tibetan, modern Tibetan, and Sanskrit, and also reads Chinese and Hindi. She has spent over a year and a half in various communities in Asia, including summers at a Buddhist nunnery in Ladakh, at the Tibetan Library of Works and Archives in Dharamsala, at Rangjung Yeshe Institute in Kathmandu, and at Sichuan University in Chengdu. Her work focuses on the history of Tibetan pilgrimage to holy mountains and the goal of transforming perception while on pilgrimage, and she is currently working on a book on this topic. She is also interested in Buddhist ethics, vision and visuality, theories of place, and autobiographical writing. ([http://www.uwyo.edu/philrelig/faculty/relig/hartmann.html Source Accessed Oct 5, 2021])artmann.html Source Accessed Oct 5, 2021]))
Kasevich, H. + (Dr. Heidi Kasevich designs and delivers pr … Dr. Heidi Kasevich designs and delivers programs nationwide that focus on guiding school and workplace communities to foster inclusive cultures where people of all temperaments thrive. A specialist in educating quiet and women leaders, she is passionate about helping students and adults alike to use self-awareness to optimize their ability to lead in today’s world. Kasevich, known for her effervescent presentation style, is a frequent speaker at educational conferences and associations, and her Quiet Revolution work has been featured on NPR and in numerous publications, including ''Huffington Post'', ''New York Magazine'', and ''Harvard Magazine''. A member of the DEAK Group, she is the author of the ''Guide to Giving'', a highly-acclaimed K-12 philanthropy curriculum, and ''Closing the Gap'', an influential girls’ leadership curriculum. Her proficiency is grounded in over 20 years of experience as educator and history department chair at schools in New York City, including Nightingale-Bamford, Dalton, Berkeley Carroll, NYU and Cooper Union. Kasevich has served as Director of ''Académie de Paris'', an Oxbridge Academic Program, and is Program Director at the Hotchkiss Student Leadership Institute. A gcLi Alumna Scholar, she received her BA from Haverford and PhD from New York University. (https://summerspark2018.sched.com/speaker/heidi_kasevich.1xwj2eyl Source Accessed Apr 20, 2023])ch.1xwj2eyl Source Accessed Apr 20, 2023]))
Shiu, H. + (Dr. Henry Shiu is the Shi Wu De Professor … Dr. Henry Shiu is the Shi Wu De Professor in Chinese Buddhist Studies at Emmanuel College on Toronto, Canada. Dr. Shiu holds a Ph.D. from the University of Toronto (2006). He is currently a Sessional Lecturer in the Buddhism, Psychology, and Mental Health Program at New College; and Emmanuel College. Dr. Shiu’s teaching of Buddhist Contemplative Care represents a development of the principles of Engaged Buddhism. He brings expertise in the foundational areas that contribute to the Buddhist focus within Emmanuel’s Master of Pastoral Studies Program, including the foundational tenets and practices of Buddhism, Buddhist ethics, and Buddhist meditative traditions. As the coordinator of the Applied Buddhist Studies Initiative at Emmanuel College, he facilitated connections with the local and international Buddhist communities. His published research focuses on early Mahayana Buddhism and the transmission of Buddhism to China. He has recently completed articles about Buddhist women in the Chinese diaspora and about the construction of Buddhist pilgrimage sites in Canada. He is also the author of numerous scholarly works in Chinese, including his forthcoming book with Oxford University Press, ''The Cultural Interpretation of the Heart Sutra in India, China, and Tibet''. ([https://emmanuel.utoronto.ca/home/henry-shui/ Source Accessed June 1, 2020])henry-shui/ Source Accessed June 1, 2020]))
Guenther, H. + (Dr. Herbert Guenther (1917-2006) was one o … Dr. Herbert Guenther (1917-2006) was one of the first translators of the Vajrayana and Dzogchen teachings into English. He was well known for his pioneering translations of Gampopa's ''Jewel Ornament of Liberation'' and Longchenpa's ངལ་གསོ་སྐོར་གསུམ་, ''ngal gso skor sgum'', which was published as a trilogy under the title ''Kindly Bent to Ease Us''.He was born in Bremen, Germany, in 1917. He studied in Munich and Vienna, and then taught at Vienna University from 1943 to 1950. He then lived and taught in India, at Lucknow University from 1950 to 1958, and the Sanskrit University in Varanasi from 1958 to 1963. He then went to the University of Saskatchewan in Canada, where his students included Leslie Kawamura, Kennard Lipman, Steven Goodman and James Valby.According to Steven Goodman, Guenther used to say that a good translator must do two things: 1) translate Tibetan terms based on the genre and approach in which they are being used, and 2) continually refine one's translation choices.Guenther had many admirers and although many of his translation choices never caught on, his work did have a clear and undeniable influence on many translators. ([https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Herbert_V._Guenther Source Accessed July 22, 2020])Also see Steven Goodman's article "[https://www.lionsroar.com/profile-death-of-a-pioneer/ Death of a Pioneer]".See a list of terms used by Guenther in translation on [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Category:HVG_Glossary Rigpa Wiki here].[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_V._Günther Herbert V. Günther on Wikipedia]'''QUOTES:''' "1. To give an example, if someone were to 'translate' the French ''il a le mal de tête'' as 'he has the evil of the earthenware pot,' which is the correct philological rendering and then were to claim that this is what the French understood by that phrase, he would be considered insane, but when someone proclaims such absurdities as 'embryo of Tathāgatha,' 'substantial body', 'eminated incarnation Body,' and so on, which are not even philologically correct but merely reveal utter incomprehension of the subject matter, by a strange volte-face, he is said to be a scholar."~ "Bodhisattva - The Ethical Phase in Evolution" in [[The Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhism]], page 123, note 1.]], page 123, note 1.)
Habata, H. + (Dr. Hiromi Habata is a faculty member at t … Dr. Hiromi Habata is a faculty member at the International College for Postgraduate Buddhist Studies in Tokyo, Japan. Before her appointment she was a researcher in Indology at the Institute of Indology and Tibetology at Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich. Her scholarly interests include Buddhist Sanskrit, manuscripts of Central Asia, and methods of translation of Buddhist texts into Chinese and Tibetan. She is a member of the British Library Sanskrit Fragments Project and is currently working on a critical edition and analysis of the Mahaparinirvana-sutra of the Mahayanists. ([https://www.en.buddhismus-studien.uni-muenchen.de/people_vorlage/index.html Adapted from Source Aug 3, 2020])Click here for a link to Hiromi Habata's [https://www.indologie.uni-muenchen.de/personen/3_privatdoz/habata/publ_habata/index.html publications]abata/publ_habata/index.html publications])
Baker, I. + (Dr. Ian Baker holds a PhD in History and a … Dr. Ian Baker holds a PhD in History and a MPhil in Medical Anthropology from University College London, following earlier graduate work in Buddhist Studies at Columbia University and English Literature at the University of Oxford. He is the author of seven critically acclaimed books on Himalayan and Tibetan cultural history, environment, art, and medicine including, ''Tibetan Yoga: Principles and Practices'', ''The Dalai Lama’s Secret Temple'', ''The Heart of the World'', ''The Tibetan Art of Healing'', and ''Buddhas of the Celestial Gallery'', with introductions by the H.H. the Dalai Lama and Deepak Chopra. He was lead curator for an exhibition at London’s Wellcome Collection entitled "Tibet’s Secret Temple: Body, Mind, and Meditation in Tantric Buddhism". He is well known for his extensive field research in Tibet’s ‘hidden-lands’ (beyul), resulting in National Geographic Society designating him as an ‘Explorer for the Millennium’. He has led international groups in Tibet, Nepal, and Bhutan for Smithsonian Institution and National Geographic Expeditions and is a board member of the International Society for Bhutan Studies. ([https://events.thus.org/teacher/ian-baker/ Source Accessed July 24, 2023])ian-baker/ Source Accessed July 24, 2023]))
Coleman, J. + (Dr. James William Coleman was born in Los … Dr. James William Coleman was born in Los Angeles and raised in the San Fernando Valley. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree from Cal State Northridge (then called San Fernando Valley State College) and his master's and Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of California, Santa Barbara. His areas of specialization were criminology and the sociology of religion. . . .His dissertation was an attempt to explain the process by which heroin addicts were able to give up drugs and change their lives, but his interest in criminology soon shifted to white collar crime. He first published ''The Criminal Elite: The Sociology of White Collar Crime'' in 1985, and it eventually went to six editions. His textbook, ''Social Problems'', which he originally co-authored with his dissertation advisor, Donald R. Cressey, and later with Harold R. Kerbo, Professor Emeritus, first came out in 1980 and had a total of 10 editions.Later in his career, Coleman's interest turned back to the sociology of religion, and more specifically, to the amazing growth of Buddhism in the west. He published ''The New Buddhism: The Western Transformation of an Ancient Tradition'' in 1991, and continues to be involved with Buddhist theory and practice. He edited the talks of Reb Anderson Roshi into a booked entitled ''The Third Turning of the Wheel: The Wisdom of the Samdhnirmocana Sutra'', which was published in 2012. His latest book, ''The Buddha’s Dream of Liberation: Freedom, Emptiness and Awakened Nature'' came out in June 2017. ([https://socialsciences.calpoly.edu/newsletter-2017/coleman-retires Source Accessed Jul 21, 2020])man-retires Source Accessed Jul 21, 2020]))
Zapart, J. + (Dr. Jarosław Zapart is an Indologist and b … Dr. Jarosław Zapart is an Indologist and buddhologist whose research interests revolve mainly around early literature and philosophy of Mahāyāna Buddhism. He is especially concerned with origins of the tathāgatagarbha concept, its evolution in Indian sources and its earliest history in China. His second field of interest encompasses the Hindi Sant thought & literature as well as the North Indian Bhakti. He is also involved in the study of Indian aesthetics and poetics and the aesthetics of Indian & Western classical music. ([https://jagiellonian.academia.edu/JaroslawZapart Adapted from Source April 16, 2020])aroslawZapart Adapted from Source April 16, 2020]))
Wirth, J. + (Dr. Jason M. Wirth is professor of philoso … Dr. Jason M. Wirth is professor of philosophy at Seattle University and works and teaches in the areas of Continental Philosophy, Buddhist Philosophy, Aesthetics, and Environmental Philosophy. His recent books include Nietzsche and Other Buddhas: Philosophy after Comparative Philosophy (Indiana 2019), Mountains, Rivers, and the Great Earth: Reading Gary Snyder and Dōgen in an Age of Ecological Crisis (SUNY 2017), a monograph on Milan Kundera (Commiserating with Devastated Things, Fordham 2015), Schelling’s Practice of the Wild (SUNY 2015), and the co-edited volume (with Bret Davis and Brian Schroeder), Japanese and Continental Philosophy: Conversations with the Kyoto School (Indiana 2011).He is the associate editor and book review editor of the journal, Comparative and Continental Philosophy. He is currently completing a manuscript on the cinema of Terrence Malick as well as a work of ecological philosophy called Turtle Island Anarchy. He was ordained in 2010 in Japan as a priest in the Soto Zen lineage and is the founder and co-director of the Seattle University EcoSangha (www.ecosangha.net). ([https://www.seattleu.edu/artsci/about/directory/profile/jason-wirth.html Source Accessed May 28, 2023])-wirth.html Source Accessed May 28, 2023]))
Powers, J. + (Dr. John Powers is a faculty member in the … Dr. John Powers is a faculty member in the Australian National University's Centre for Asian Societies and Histories. He is a specialist in Asian religions with a specific focus on Buddhism, India, and Tibet. His latest publication is ''History As Propaganda: Tibetan Exiles versus the People's Republic of China''. Amongst his publications are ''An Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism'' (Snow Lion Publications, 1995); (with J. Hopkins) ''Tibetan-Sanskrit-English Dictionary'' (Charlottesville, VA, 1990); ''The Yogacara School of Buddhism: a Bibliography'' (Metuchen, NJ, 1991); and (with J. Fieser) ''Scriptures of the World's Religions'' (1997). He is a member of the American Academy of Religion; the American Philosophical Association; the Association of Asian Studies; the International Association for Ladakh Studies; the International Association of Tibetan Studies; the Asian Studies Association of Australia; and the International Association of Buddhist Studies. ([http://www.snowlionpub.com/pages/powers.html Source Accessed Jun 7, 2019])/powers.html Source Accessed Jun 7, 2019]))
Sankarnarayan, K. + (Dr. Kalpakam Sankarnarayan, Director, K. J … Dr. Kalpakam Sankarnarayan, Director, K. J. Somaiya Centre of Buddhist Studies, Vidyavihar, Mumbai, India, has authored Rasakalika of Rudrabhatta-A Critical Study and Exposition with English Translation. Her forthcoming books-Traditional Cultural Link between India and Japan (During 8th and 9th Centuries A.D.) in collaboration with Dr. Motohiro Yoritomi and Dr. Ichijo Ogawa, (Otani University, Kyoto, Japan), and Japanese Esoteric (Kukai's Shingon) Buddhism with Indian Perspective in collaboration with Dr. Motohiro Yoritomi, (Chairman, Shuchin University, Kyoto, Japan). ([https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/buddhism-in-india-and-abroad-integrating-influence-in-vedic-and-post-vedic-perspective-IDF407/ Source Accessed Jan 28, 2021])ive-IDF407/ Source Accessed Jan 28, 2021]))
Kano, K. + (Dr. Kano is an associate professor at Koma … Dr. Kano is an associate professor at Komazawa University in Japan and a specialist of Sanskrit and Tibetan tathāgatagarbha literature. His particular research interests focus on philosophical interpretations of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga''. ([https://conference.tsadra.org/past-event/2019-vienna-symposium/ Source Accessed July 22, 2020])symposium/ Source Accessed July 22, 2020]))
Rdzong sar blo gros phun tshogs + (Dr. Lodrö Phuntsok is the doctor in chief … Dr. Lodrö Phuntsok is the doctor in chief of the Tibetan hospital of Dzongsar, and a very active influence in the preservation of the medical and cultural heritage of Tibet.Lodrö Phuntsok began his studies of Tibetan medicine at the age of 16. He also studied Tibetan Buddhism, grammar, poetry, astrology, art, woodcraft, and sculpture. He has published books on Buddhism and medicine, and has written extensively about the history of Dzongsar monastery and the lives of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo and Jamyang Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö. Since 1983, he has been promoting community service projects such as environmental protection, medical care for the poor, and cultural preservation, and has introduced classes in traditional Tibetan handicrafts at Dzongsar shedra. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Doctor_Lodr%C3%B6_Puntsok Rigpa Wiki])tle=Doctor_Lodr%C3%B6_Puntsok Rigpa Wiki]))
Jamspal, L. + (Dr. Lozang Jamspal received an Acharya deg … Dr. Lozang Jamspal received an Acharya degree in Sanskrit, Hindi, and Buddhist and Indian philosophy at Sanskrit University, Benares. At the university, he served as a librarian and Tibetan language instructor, and helped to establish the Central Institute of Tibetan Studies where he later worked as lecturer. He also worked as a lecturer of Sanskrit and classical Tibetan language at the University of Delhi. After moving to the U.S. in 1974, he taught at the Bslab gsum bshad grub gling in New Jersey. In 1991, he earned his Ph.D. from Columbia University, where he taught classical Tibetan. Currently he is a regular professor at the International Buddhist College. ([http://ibc.ac.th/en/community/prof-dr-lozang-jamspal Source Accessed April 30, 2020])g-jamspal Source Accessed April 30, 2020]))
MacDonald, Anne + (Dr. MacDonald is a researcher at the Insti … Dr. MacDonald is a researcher at the Institute for the Cultural and Intellectual History of Asia of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna, Austria. Her primary focus is the development of Madhyamaka thought in India and Tibet. Her research on Chandrakirti's ''Prasannapada'' and ''Madhyamakavatarabhaṣya'' is based on newly available manuscripts of these works. ([https://khyentsefoundation.org/anne-macdonald-winner-2016-kf-prize-outstanding-translation/ Source Accessed Apr 7, 2021])translation/ Source Accessed Apr 7, 2021]))
Manlowe, J. + (Dr. Manlowe has worked as an educator, aut … Dr. Manlowe has worked as an educator, author, life-clarity coach, couples and family therapist, and group facilitator in many venues since 1988. Before acquiring her clinical degree in Couples and Family Therapy, she received a Bachelor’s in Psychology, a Master’s in Divinity, and a Doctorate in Psychology and Religion with an emphasis on culture and wellness. The first half of her adult life was spent on the East Coast researching, teaching, and writing books. In the second half, she's been devoted to her family and growing as a therapist while living in the beautiful Pacific Northwest, her original home. ([https://emboldenu.com/about/ Adapted from Source May 29, 2023])/about/ Adapted from Source May 29, 2023]))
Boord, M. + (Dr. Martin J. Boord (Rig-’dzin rdo-rje) A … Dr. Martin J. Boord (Rig-’dzin rdo-rje)As one of Rinpoche’s (Chimed Rigdzin Rinpoche?) senior students, Martin Boord is well known already to many people within the Khordong sangha.Visiting India and Nepal as a teenager in 1967, Martin became a devoted Buddhist and immediately embarked on the study of Sanskrit in order to read the original texts. Receiving teachings from many of the great Tibetan masters of all schools who had become settled in India following the takeover of their country by Chinese communists, he studied the doctrines of both sūtra and tantra. Over the years, he carefully surveyed the entire Buddhist Tripiṭaka with the lamas of Tibet before immersing himself fully in the guhyamantra practices of the Nyingma school under the guidance of H.H. Dudjom Rinpoche and Lama Khamtrul Yeshe Dorje, the renowned “weather man” of the Dalai Lama in Dharamsala. It was whilst on a pilgrimage with Yeshe Dorje to Sarnath in 1973 that Martin first met with the Khordong Terchen Tulku, Lama Chhimed Rigdzin, with whom he immediately began to form a close bond of attachment.Subsequently, Martin invited Lama Chhimed Rigdzin to Great Britain in order to inaugurate his new Dharma Centre, granting empowerments and teaching the Byang-gter Dorje Phurpa (Northern Treasures Vajrakīla) for the first time in the west.Later, moving from Europe back to India, this master and disciple together translated a number of Byang-gter texts, including hundreds of pages of Vajrakīla Sādhana (practice texts), which have remained the major focus of Martin’s life.Taking the Byang-gter Phurpa as his theme, Martin went on to study at the School of Oriental & African Studies at the University to London, for which he was awarded a BA in Religious Studies (Buddhism), followed by the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in 1992. His doctoral thesis was subsequently published as The Cult of the Deity Vajrakīla, by the Institute of Buddhist Studies, Tring, 1993.Having completed his studies at SOAS, he was awarded a scholarship from the Stein-Arnold Exploration Fund which enabled him to return to India in order to research the sacred geography of Sikkim, one of the seven “hidden lands” of Rigzin Godem. This work was eventually published in the Bulletin of Tibetology.Reading Sanskrit and Tibetan languages, as well as having studied Tibetan art for many years, Martin has acted as a consultant to the Ashmolean Museum, one of the oldest public museums in Europe, helping to identify and arrange their holdings of Tibetan cultural artefacts and paintings, and he continues to work on similar projects at different times when called to do so. The British Museum, for example, requested his assistance when they were offered a collection of Tibetan phurba for purchase, about which they had no specialist knowledge, and he has collaborated with the makers of documentary films for television, etc.Having spent many years developing his understanding of the Dharma in meditation retreats, in 1998 Martin was invited by Lama Chhimed Rigdzin Rinpoche to accompany him as an assistant teacher on his European Dharma tour, in order to give teachings on the Deity Vajrakīla as part of the Pfauenhof retreat in Germany. This was so successful that the invitation was repeated in the following years, so that Martin again gave Vajrakīla teachings in Berlin in 1999 and he accompanied Rinpoche to Oxford, Wales and Vienna in the year 2000, where he taught many aspects of the Vajrayāna path, as well as his special subject — the deity Vajrakīla. Since then Martin has given innumerable teachings on many aspects of the Byang-gter tradition, throughout Europe and the USA.He now lives and works in Oxford, pursuing his research interests with like-minded academics and Dharma practitioners at the Oriental Institute, reading manuscripts at the Indian Institute Library and working on an ad hoc basis as Academic Visitor with those studying for doctorates in Buddhist Studies, etc.In recent years, he has completed a translation of the most illustrious commentary on Phurba practice, known as The Black 100,000 Words (Phur ‘grel ‘bum nag). This important text is a report of a group retreat that was undertaken by the three masters, Padmasambhava, Vimalamitra and Silamanju, in Nepal in the 8th century. It was transmitted in Tibet by Padmasambhava to Yeshe Tsogyal and the translation of this text is now available from edition khordong (published 2002). He has also expanded his work on the Northern Treasures texts to include further research on the Hidden Lands of Rigzin Godem, as well as the ritual cycle of the Greatly Compassionate Avalokiteśvara. His text on the Byang-gter funeral ceremonies of Avalokiteśvara will shortly become available from Wandel Verlag.About events with Martin Boord please visit our Khordong website in english: http://www.khordong.de/alt/EnglSummary of Publications:Forthcoming (Editor) The Guhyagarbha Tantra and its Commentary Moonbeams, translated by Gyurme Dorje2017 A Cloudburst of Blessings The water initiation and other rites of empowerment for the practice of the Northern Treasures Vajrakīla. Vajrakīla Texts of the Northern Treasures Tradition, volume four. edition khordong im Wandel Verlag, berlin, 20172015 A Blaze of Fire in the Dark Homa rituals for the fulfilment of vows and the performance of deeds of great benefit. Vajrakīla Texts of the Northern Treasures Tradition, volume three. edition khordong im Wandel Verlag, berlin, 20152014 The Path of Secret Mantra: Teachings of the Northern Treasures Five NailsPema Tinley’s guide to vajrayāna practice. Explanation of Rigzin Godem’s Jangter Ngöndro Zer Nga (byang gter sngon ‘gro gzer lnga) according to the commentary by Rigzin Pema Tinley, translation and oral transmission by Khenpo Chowang, edited by Martin Boord. edition khordong at Wandel Verlag, Berlin, 20142013 Gathering the Elements. The Cult of the Wrathful Deity Vajrakila (Vajrakila Texts of the Northern Treasures Tradition, Volume One), revision and re-publishing of The Cult of the Deity Vajrakīla, 19932012 Illuminating Sunshine: Buddhist funeral rituals of Avalokiteśvara2011 Editor The Five Nails – A Commentary on the Northern Treasures Accumulation Praxis edition khordong by Wandel Verlag, Berlin 20112010 A Roll of Thunder from the Void  (Vajrakīla Texts of the Northern Treasures Tradition, Volume 2)2010 (Index) Jokhang: Tibet’s most sacred Buddhist temple, Edition Hansjorg Mayer2006 Meditations on the Great Guru Padmasambhava, Khordong Newsletter, Berlin2006 Entering the Maṇḍala Gates, Tiger’s Nest Dharma Diary for 2007, Sussex2005 Editor (Tibetan & Sanskrit) The Complete Tibetan Book of the Dead, translated by Gyurme Dorje, Penguin Books, London2003 A Bolt of Lightning From the Blue, edition khordong, Berlin2003 “The symbolism of the gCod drum, by ’Gyur-med blo-gsal” (English translation)  in Dzogchen Journal, London2003 “A Pilgrim’s Guide to the Hidden Land of Sikkim: Proclaimed as a Treasure by Rig-’dzin rgod-ldem” in Bulletin of Tibetology 39(1), Gangtok1999 (with Stephen Hodge) The Illustrated Tibetan Book of the Dead, Thorsons, London1998 A India, Pórtico do Norte Exhibition catalogue (contributor) Auditorio de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela1998 “Maṇḍala Meaning & Method: Ritual delineation of sacred space in tantric Buddhism” in Performance Research Vol.3, No.3, Winter 1998, Routledge/ARC, London1998 Editor (Tibetan) High Peaks, Pure Earth: Collected Writings on Tibetan History and Culture, by Hugh Richardson, Serindia Publications, London1998 East Asian Books, Tibetan MSS, Catalogue 19, Sam Fogg Rare Books, London1998 “Tibet” & “Mongolia” in Encyclopaedia of World Mythology, The Foundry Creative Media Company Limited, London1996 Manuscripts from the Himalayas and the Indian Subcontinent, Tibetan MSS, Catalogue 17, Sam Fogg Rare Books, London1996 (with Losang Norbu Tsonawa) Overview of Buddhist Tantra by Panchen Sonam Dragpa, Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, Dharamsala1996 Maṇḍala Meaning & Method, Kailash Editions, London (unpublished)1994 “Buddhism” in Sacred Space, edited by John Holm with Jean Bowker, Pinter Publishers, London, New York1993 The Cult of the Deity Vajrakīla (Buddhica Britannica Series Continua IV), The Institute of Buddhist Studies, Tring.  This book is re-published as Volume One of Vajrakila Texts of the Northern Treasures Tradition: Gathering the Elements. The Cult of the Wrathful Deity Vajrakila)1993 “Tibet and Mongolia” in World Mythology: The Illustrated Guide, Roy Willis, Simon & Schuster, LondonNOTE from Martin: Over the years I have had many book reviews published in The Middle Way (journal of the Buddhist Society, London) and other such journals and, of course, I did a fair amount of work with C.R. Lama, the details of which I have forgotten. These include::Padmasambhava’s teachings on the downfalls of tobacco:The Dragon Roar that fulfills all wishes (Protector text):The Violent Storm of Meteoric Vajras (sādhana of rDo rje gro lod):A Gentle Rainfall of Honey (sādhana of Guru mTshan brgyad)([https://www.wandel-verlag.de/en/dr-martin-j-boord-rig-dzin-rdo-rje/ Source: Wandel Verlag Berlin Accessed July 1, 2021])dzin-rdo-rje/ Source: Wandel Verlag Berlin Accessed July 1, 2021]))
Salvini, M. + (Dr. Mattia Salvini obtained a BA and MA Sa … Dr. Mattia Salvini obtained a BA and MA Sanskrit from RKM Vivekānanda College Chennai, India, and a PhD in Buddhist Studies from the School of Oriental and African Studies (London). He was also part of two research projects on Vāstuśāstra, in teams headed by Prof. Adam Hardy (Cardiff University).His main research interests are: Buddhist philosophy as expressed in Sanskrit, and especially Madhyamaka; the relationship between philosophy and vyākaraṇa; the relationship between Madhyamaka, Yogācāra, and non-Mahāyāna Abhidharma; Buddhist Sūtras in Sanskrit and Tibetan; Vāstuśāstra; Buddhist kāvya.During his stay in India and Nepal, Mattia had the opportunity to study with Prof. Rāṁśaṅkar Tripāṭhī, and has learnt from several Tibetan Buddhist masters, especially Ayang Rinpoche, Lama Gelong Tsultrim Gyaltsen, Lama Rinchen Phuntsok, and others.Mattia has taught in Nepal (Rangjung Yeshe Institute), Thailand (Mahidol University), and, as visiting professor, Taiwan (Hua Fan University) and Germany (Hamburg University, as a Numata Visiting Professor), and has offered occasionally lectures and reading sessions in UK (Oxford University), Malaysia (Than Hsiang, Brickfields Mahāvihāra, MyBA), Japan (Kyoto University), India (Ashoka University, Delhi University) and mainland China. ([http://ibc.ac.th/en/Mattia-Salvini Source Accessed Sep 8, 2021])ttia-Salvini Source Accessed Sep 8, 2021]))
Chattopadhyaya, A. + (Dr. Mrs. Alaka Chattopadhyaya obtained her … Dr. Mrs. Alaka Chattopadhyaya obtained her doctorate degrèe of the Calcutta University with her highly acclaimed work based on Tibetan sources published with the title ''Atisa and Tibet''. Byprofession she was until recently the principal of the Vidyasagar College of Women, Calcutta. Her other published works include the translation (in Bengali) of the ''Caturasitisiddha-pravrtti''—life ofthe 84 Siddhacaryas available hithertobefore only in its Tibetan version, besides many other Tibetan studies. She has extensively toured abroad, delivering lectures in [the] USSR, China, Oxford, Cambridge, Budapast and other places. (Source: inside jacket, ''Tāranātha's History of Buddhism in India'')āranātha's History of Buddhism in India''))
Reat, N. + (Dr. Noble Ross Reat is a scholar, educator … Dr. Noble Ross Reat is a scholar, educator, author, editor, and translator who specializes in religious traditions, particularly in Eastern religions. He has worked in the Department of Studies in Religion, University of Queensland, Australia. Besides his contributions to scholarly journals, Dr. N. Ross Reat has written the following books: ''A Tibetan Mnemonic Grammar: The Divine Tree'', (1982); ''Origins of Indian Psychology'', (1990); ''A World Theology'', co-authored with Edmund F. Perry, (1991); and ''Buddhism: A History'' (1994). He also edited Volume VII of the ''Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies'', titled ''Abhidharma Philosophy''. Much of his work has focused on the Buddhist tradition, but his contribution to ''Studies in Comparative Religion'' is "The Tree Symbol in Islam." ([http://www.studiesincomparativereligion.com/Public/authors/default.aspx?q=1#Anchor_146 Source Accessed May 26, 2021])#Anchor_146 Source Accessed May 26, 2021]))
Tinti, P. + (Dr. Paola Tinti works as Head of Fundraisi … Dr. Paola Tinti works as Head of Fundraising at one of the oldest business schools in the UK, among an elite group of business schools holding triple-accredited status from the leading UK, European and US accrediting bodies.Her volunteering experience includes supporting a Sailability group, part of a national programme enabling people with disabilities to access sailing. She did this both on the water and through fundraising advice and even managed to secure the donation of a sailing boat! She has also volunteered her professional knowledge as advisor to the Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies, part of the University of Oxford.Paola is originally from Italy and holds a DPhil in Oriental Studies. She is a keen traveller and a transoceanic yachtswoman. She loves all things Japanese and is mad about dogs, especially chocolate Labradors. ([https://www.encephalitis.info/paola-tinti Source Accessed Aug 25, 2021])paola-tinti Source Accessed Aug 25, 2021]))
Michel, P. + (Dr. Peter Michel received his Ph.D. in Com … Dr. Peter Michel received his Ph.D. in Comparative Religion and German Literature from the University of Freiburg in Germany. He is sought after, both on German and Austrian television, as an expert on such subjects as the relationships between Christianity and spirituality, reincarnation, karma, and Christian teachings. He has published several books on these topics in English, German, Spanish, and Czech. He is the founder of Aquamarin Verlag, one of the major publishing houses for Wisdom Literature in Germany. ([https://www.amazon.com/His-Holiness-14th-Dalai-Lama/dp/1885394551 Source Accessed Nov 5, 2020])p/1885394551 Source Accessed Nov 5, 2020]))
Yoritomi, M. + (Dr. Prof. Motohiro Yoritomi, Head of the D … Dr. Prof. Motohiro Yoritomi, Head of the Department of Buddhism and Chairman of Shuchin University, Kyoto, Japan, wass the author of Historical Development of Pancatathagatas and Kukai's Shingon Buddhism in Japanese and the editor of Iconographic Dictionary of Tantric Buddhism in India and Japan. ([https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/buddhism-in-india-and-abroad-integrating-influence-in-vedic-and-post-vedic-perspective-IDF407/ Source Accessed Jan 28, 2021])ive-IDF407/ Source Accessed Jan 28, 2021]))
Rana, R. + (Dr. Ram Kumar Rana is Associate Professor in the Department of Buddhist Studies at the University of Delhi.)
Carter, R. + (Dr. Robert Carter, was recognized for his … Dr. Robert Carter, was recognized for his dedication to teaching and students with a Symons Award for Excellence in Teaching in 1987. He is now a Professor Emeritus at Trent.In his role as Professor in the Philosophy Department at Trent, Dr. Carter developed East Asian philosophy courses and served as the first Master of Otonabee College. He also directed the interdisciplinary M.A. program. In 2003 he was awarded the Japan Foundation, a prestigious research grant awarded to only 10 scholars from across North America. He has written or co-authored at least 10 books and more than 70 articles and reviews, and has spent time in Japan studying the Japanese Great Arts and ethics. ([https://www.trentu.ca/teaching/robert-carter Source Accessed Apr 18, 2023])bert-carter Source Accessed Apr 18, 2023]))
Burr, R. + (Dr. Ron Burr has been a philosophy and rel … Dr. Ron Burr has been a philosophy and religious studies professor for over two decades with the University of Southern Mississippi [www.usm.edu]. Ron has more than 20 years of leadership training experience in companies and non-profits. He has worked with the Fulbright Commission [www.fulbright.co.uk] where he helped institute business ethics programs in Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and the Philippines, and with the Center for Creative Leadership [www.ccl.org/leadership/index.aspx] where he conducted numerous training events for Fortune 500 companies.Ron was instrumental in creating Religious Youth Service's experience-based, service learning model. He has served as a RYS project and educational leader in Spain, Italy, Poland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Dominican Republic, Taiwan, Mongolia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, the Philippines, Trinidad, Guatemala, The U.K., Jamaica and Estonia.After earning his Ph.D. in comparative philosophy at the University of California [www.ucsb.edu], Santa Barbara, Ron studied Buddhism in Thailand, Taiwan, Sri Lanka and Japan. He also pursued post-doctoral studies with the best known comparative religionists of the twentieth century: Huston Smith [www.hustonsmith.net] and Ninian Smart [www.scottlondon.com/interviews/smart.html]. In addition to the Fulbright Ron has been the recipient of many private and national government grants. He edited a lengthy book on comparative philosophy and religion and has a long list of other publications in these fields. ([http://www.religiousyouthservice.org/about/leadership/burr.htm Source Accessed June 14, 2023])p/burr.htm Source Accessed June 14, 2023]))
Davidson, Ronald + (Dr. Ronald Davidson has taught at Fairfiel … Dr. Ronald Davidson has taught at Fairfield University since 1990, after havingpreviously taught at Santa Clara University and at the Institute of Buddhist Studies(Graduate Theological Union) in California. He has twice been Director of Asian Studies. He was trained in Sanskrit and Chinese Buddhist studies at the University of California Berkeley under Drs. Padmanabh Jaini, Lewis Lancaster, and Michel Strickmann, but also studied and lived with Tibetans for 18 years before and during his graduate career, working for 11 years with Ngor Thartse Khenpo (Hiroshi Sonami). ([http://works.bepress.com/ronald_davidson/ Source])orks.bepress.com/ronald_davidson/ Source]))
Goswami, S. + (Dr. S. C. Goswami was a Professor of Chemi … Dr. S. C. Goswami was a Professor of Chemistry at Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, India. He is the author of "The Monistic Absolute of the Uttaratantra and Modern Science" and "Complementarity of Opposites: The Undercurrent of Upaniṣadic Thought," both of which are published in the volume ''Philosophy, Grammar, and Indology: Essays in Honour of Prof. Gustav Roth'' (Sri Satguru Publications, 1992).v Roth'' (Sri Satguru Publications, 1992).)
Shaw, S. + (Dr. Sarah Shaw is a faculty member and lecturer at the University of Oxford. She has taught and published numerous works on the history and practices of Buddhism, including ''An Introduction to Buddhist Meditation'' and ''The Spirit of Meditation''.)
Pacey, S. + (Dr. Scott Pacey is an Assistant Professor in the School of Sociology and Social Policy at the University of Nottingham.)
Sasaki, S. + (Dr. Shizuka Sasaki is a Professor of India … Dr. Shizuka Sasaki is a Professor of Indian Buddhism at Hanazono University. His research focuses on Indian Buddhist monasticisms, history of Mahayana Buddhism, Buddhist philosophy, and the relationship between Buddhism and science. A recognized authority in these areas, Sasaki’s publications include a celebrated series of eight articles "Buddhist Sects in the Asoka Period" (1989-1999) and "A Study of the Origin of Mahayana Buddhism" (1997). ([https://frogbear.org/panelists-buddhism-and-business/ Source Accessed May 20, 2020])d-business/ Source Accessed May 20, 2020]))
Berkwitz, S. + (Dr. Stephen Berkwitz is an expert in relig … Dr. Stephen Berkwitz is an expert in religious studies with a special focus on South Asian religions. Since 2001, Berkwitz has published dozens of publications relating to Buddhism and South Asian culture. His books include Routledge Handbook of Theravada Buddhism, co-ed. w/ Ashley Thompson (Routledge, 2022) and Buddhist Poetry and Colonialism: Alagiyavanna and the Portuguese in Sri Lanka (Oxford University Press, 2013).He is the department head of religious studies at Missouri State University. He serves as series editor for the Routledge Critical Studies in Buddhism series, as well as on the editorial board of the journals "Religion," "Journal of Global Buddhism" and "Buddhist Studies Review." Berkwitz has received several fellowships to conduct research in Sri Lanka, Germany and Portugal, and he holds several professional memberships relating to Asian Studies and Buddhism.ps relating to Asian Studies and Buddhism.)
Hodge, S. + (Dr. Stephen Hodge completed his undergradu … Dr. Stephen Hodge completed his undergraduate studies at SOAS, University of London (1969–72) and his post-graduate studies at Tōhoku Universty (1972–81), focussing on the formation of early tantric Buddhism and early Yogācāra. He was ordained as a Shingon monk at Mt. Koya in 1974. Since returning to the UK, apart from some teaching work, Hodge has mainly engaged in translation work and also independent research into the textual formation of early Mahāyāna, especially focusing on the ''Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra'' and related texts. He is currently working on a translation of the Tibetan and two Chinese versions of the ''Nirvāṇasūtra'', to be accompanied by an exhaustive textual analysis demonstrating the compositional methods and stratification of this text and the relationship between the three versions. Hodge has recently embarked upon a parallel study of the development and texts of early 1st century CE Messianic Judaism and the Hebreo-Aramaic basis of the Gospels, as well as investigating possible ideological influences in Southern India.His publications include: ''An Introduction to Classical Tibetan'' (1990), ''The Illustrated Tibetan Book of the Dead'' (1998), ''The Dead Sea Scrolls'' (2001), ''The Mahā-Vairocana Tantra with Commentary by Buddhaguhya'' (2001), ''The Daodejing'' (2002), the following sections of the ''Yogācāra-bhūmi-ṣāstra'': ''Vyakhyā-saṃgrahaṇī'', ''Paryāya-saṃgrahaṇī'', ''Vastu-saṃgrahaṇī'', ''Śrāvaka-bhūmi'' (forthcoming with BDK). Hodge is also currently publishing a series of interim study papers on the ''Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra'': Paper I “The Textual Transmisssion of the ''Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra''," Paper II "Who Compiled the ''Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra'', Where & When?” (forthcoming), Paper III "The Development of the Conceptual Terminology of the ''Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra''" (forthcoming. ([https://www.buddhismuskunde.uni-hamburg.de/en/personen/hodge.html Source Accessed October 16, 2019])/hodge.html Source Accessed October 16, 2019]))
Heine, S. + (Dr. Steven Heine is Professor of Religious … Dr. Steven Heine is Professor of Religious Studies and History as well as Director of Asian Studies at Florida International University. He specializes in East Asian and comparative religions, Japanese Buddhism and intellectual history, Buddhist studies, and religion and social sciences. Dr. Heine earned his B.A. at the University of Pennsylvania and M.A. and Ph.D. at Temple University. Before coming to FIU in 1997, he taught at Pennsylvania State University and directed the East Asian Studies center there. Professor Heine teaches a variety of courses including Modern Asia and Methods in Asian Studies at graduate and undergraduate levels as well as Japanese culture and religion, Zen Buddhism, Ghosts, spirits and folk religions, religions of the Silk Road, and other aspects of Asian society.Dr. Heine was a Fulbright Senior Researcher in Japan and twice won National Endowment for Humanities Fellowships plus funding from the American Academy of Religion and Association for Asian Studies in addition to the US Department of Education, the Japan Foundation and Freeman Foundation. He has conducted research on Zen Buddhism in relation to medieval and modern society primarily at Komazawa University in Tokyo. Heine has lectured there institutions in addition to Brown, Cambridge, Columbia, Emory, Florida, Free University, Harvard, Hawaii, Iowa, London, North Carolina, McGill, Ohio State, Oslo, Princeton, Pennsylvania, Stanford, UCLA, Yale, Zurich and many other conferences and institutions. He was chair of the national Japanese Religions Group and the Sacred Space in Asia Group, and he is editor of Japan Studies Review and a former book review editor for Japan for Philosophy East and West published by the University of Hawaii Press.Dr. Heine’s research specialty is medieval East Asian religious studies, especially the transition of Zen Buddhism from China to Japan. In addition to 100 articles in peer-reviewed journals and outstanding edited volumes, he has published thirty-five books, both monographs and edited volumes. Over a dozen of his books have been reviewed or noted in such publications as CHOICE, Chronical of Higher Education, Booklist, Library Journal, or Times Literary Supplement, in addition to multiple reviews in various academic journals or professional outlets.The most recent books include ''From Chinese Chan to Japanese Zen: A Remarkable Century of Transmission and Transformation'' (Oxford); ''Zen and Material Culture'' (Oxford); ''Chan Rhetoric of Uncertainty in the Blue Cliff Record: Sharpening the Sword at the Dragon's Gate'' (Oxford); ''Zen Koans'' (Hawaii); ''Like Cats and Dogs: Contesting the Mu Kōan in Zen Buddhism'' (Oxford); ''Dōgen and Sōtō Zen: New Perspectives'' (Oxford); ''Dōgen: Textual and Historical Studies'' (Oxford); and ''Sacred High City, Sacred Low City: A Tale of Sacred Sites in Two Tokyo Neighborhoods'' (Oxford). Three books are forthcoming in 2020: ''Readings of Dōgen’s Treasury of the True Dharma Eye'' (Columbia); ''Flowers Blooming on a Withered Tree: Giun's Verse Comments on Dōgen's Shōbōgenzō'' (Oxford); ''Creating the World of Chan/ Sǒn /Zen: Chinese Chan Buddhism and its Spread throughout East Asia''.Other books include ''Zen Skin, Zen Marrow: Will the Real Zen Buddhism Please Stand Up?'' (Oxford); ''Did Dōgen Go to China? What He Wrote and When He Wrote It'' (Oxford); ''Opening a Mountain: Kōans of Zen Masters'' (Oxford); ''Shifting Shape, Shaping Text: Philosophy and Folklore in the Fox Kōan'' (Hawaii); ''The Zen Poetry of Dōgen: Verses From the Mountain of Eternal Peace'' (Tuttle); ''Dōgen and the Kōan Tradition: A Tale of Two Shōbōgenzō Texts'' (SUNY); ''Existential and Ontological Dimensions of Time in Heidegger and Dōgen'' (SUNY); ''The Zen Canon: Studies of Classic Zen Texts'' (Oxford). His book ''White Collar Zen: Using Zen Principles to Overcome Obstacles and Achieve Your Career Goals'' (Oxford) was reviewed by the Harvard Business School, USA Today, and the Washington Post. For more detailed information on his books, please see [https://asian.fiu.edu/about/director/books/ here]. ([https://asian.fiu.edu/about/director/ Source Accessed Jan 17, 2020])t/director/ Source Accessed Jan 17, 2020]))
Dutt, S. + (Dr. Sukumar Dutt (M.A., Ph.D.) was a reput … Dr. Sukumar Dutt (M.A., Ph.D.) was a reputed Buddhist scholar whose previous works include ''Early Buddhist Monachism'' and ''The Buddha and Five After-Centuries''. ([https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/buddhist-monks-and-monasteries-of-india-their-history-and-their-contribution-to-indian-culture-IDD463/ Source Accessed Apr 21, 2021])ure-IDD463/ Source Accessed Apr 21, 2021]))
Forsthoefel, T. + (Dr. Thomas Forsthoefel is Professor of Rel … Dr. Thomas Forsthoefel is Professor of Religious Studies. He earned his B.A. from Georgetown University, M.A.s from Loyola University of Chicago and the University of Chicago, and Ph.D. from the University of Chicago. Dr. Forsthoefel was the Erie County Poet Laureate from 2010-2012 and served as department chair from 2006-2013.He specializes in South Asian religions and philosophies. His articles have been published in Philosophy East and West, Journal of Ecumenical Studies, International Journal of Hindu Studies, Journal of Vaishnava Studies, and Horizons, among others, and he has written or edited four books: Knowing Beyond Knowledge (Ashgate, 2002), a study of the cognitive dimension of religious experience in Hindu Advaita, Gurus in America (SUNY, 2006), a volume he co-edited with Cynthia Ann Humes, Soulsong: Seeking Holiness, Coming Home (Orbis, 2006), and The Dalai Lama: Essential Writings (Orbis, 2008), an edited volume of the philosophical, ethical, and meditation teachings of the Dalai Lama.Dr. Fortshoefel teaches courses such as: Hinduism, Buddhism, Poetry of the Sacred, and New Religious Movements. ([https://www.mercyhurst.edu/faculty/thomas-forsthoefel Source Accessed May 28, 2023])forsthoefel Source Accessed May 28, 2023]))
Yarnall, T. + (Dr. Tom Yarnall is an Associate Research S … Dr. Tom Yarnall is an Associate Research Scholar and Adjunct Professor in the Department of Religion at Columbia University in New York. As a teacher he specializes in Indo-Tibetan Buddhist Studies, teaching courses in Buddhist history, philosophy, ethics, and contemplative sciences, and in Tibetan and Sanskrit languages. As a researcher he works with the Columbia Center for Buddhist Studies (CCBS) and the Columbia-affiliated American Institute of Buddhist Studies (AIBS), serving as the Executive Editor for the “Treasury of the Buddhist Sciences” series of translations of works from the Tibetan Tengyur (and associated literature), being co-published by AIBS, CCBS, and Tibet House US, and being distributed by Columbia University Press. He participated as an AIBS representative at the Khyentse Foundation’s Translators’ Conference in Bir, India in 2009, and was a principal organizer and host of (and a participant in) the AIBS Tengyur Translation Conference in Sarnath, India in 2011.Dr. Yarnall began his engagement with Buddhism over 35 years ago (in the late 70s), studying with Tibetan Lamas from all four orders (including H.H. the Dalai Lama, H.H. Sakya Dagchen Rinpoche, Ven. Dezhung Rinpoche, and many others), while earning a B.A. in Religion (Buddhist Studies) at Amherst College in 1983. He later enrolled in the graduate program in Religion at Columbia University, earning an M.A., an M.Phil, and ultimately a Ph.D. (with honors) in 2003.Dr. Yarnall’s own scholarly work has focused on Mādhyamika philosophy, Buddhist ethics, and especially on Indian and Tibetan Tantric materials of the Unexcelled Yoga class. His study and translation of the creation stage chapters of Tsong Khapa’s Great Treatise on the Stages of Mantra (sngags rim chen mo) was published in the “Treasury of the Buddhist Sciences” series in 2013. of the Buddhist Sciences” series in 2013.)
Page, T. + (Dr. Tony Page is lecturer in English Liter … Dr. Tony Page is lecturer in English Literature in the School of Humanities, Bangkok University. He received his Ph.D. in Austrian/German Literature from Oxford University, England, where he also pursued a special interest in Buddhist philosophy. He received his First Class Honours B.A. in German/French Language and Literature from the University of London. He is the author of three books on Buddhist philosophy, and two books on the scientific invalidity of animal experimentation. He is one of the UK’s leading researchers on the Buddhist scripture, the ''Mahāyana Mahāparinirvāna Sūtra'', of which scripture he is the English-language editor and upon which he has lectured at the University of London. ([https://www.bu.ac.th/knowledgecenter/epaper/jan_june2010/pdf/Page_47.pdf Source Accessed April 28, 2020])ge_47.pdf Source Accessed April 28, 2020]))
Gokhale, V. + (Dr. V. V. Gokhale was a professor of Buddh … Dr. V. V. Gokhale was a professor of Buddhist studies in India. He received his doctoral degree from the University of Heidelberg and taught at Fergusson College from 1932 to 1959. He was appointed Reader in the Department of Buddhist studies at the University of Delhi and then later became Professor and Head of the department.Dr. Gokhale maintained an interest in the ''Pratītyasamutpāda-sūtra'' and Madhyamaka philosophy throughout his career. Among his numerous articles, he wrote several on Bhāvaviveka's ''Tarkajvālā'' commentary on Nāgārjuna's ''Madhyamakaśāstra'', and he published the ''Abhidharmakoṣa-kārikās'' of Vasubandhu. (Source: ''Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute'' 74, no. 1/4 (1993), 349–51)ch Institute'' 74, no. 1/4 (1993), 349–51))
Todd, W. + (Dr. Warren Lee Todd gained his MA in Buddh … Dr. Warren Lee Todd gained his MA in Buddhist Studies under Prof. Peter Harvey at Sunderland University, and went on to Lancaster University to complete his PhD in Religious Studies under Prof. Chakravarthi Ram-Prasad. He co-taught the MA in Buddhist Studies at Sunderland, before moving with the course to the University of South Wales, where he is currently Visiting Lecturer in Buddhist Philosophy. He also teaches Buddhism at Mahidol University (MUIDS), Thailand. ([https://www.routledge.com/The-Ethics-of-Sankara-and-Santideva-A-Selfless-Response-to-an-Illusory/Todd/p/book/9781138272293 Source Accessed Apr 5, 2021])781138272293 Source Accessed Apr 5, 2021]))
Thakur, L. + (Dr. Y. S. Parmar Chair Professor, Department of History, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla)
Hedinger, J. + (Dr. phil. Jürg Hedinger is a lecturer in l … Dr. phil. Jürg Hedinger is a lecturer in literature, psychology, philosophy, the history of religion, Indology, creative and literary writing at the School of Applied Linguistics (SAL), at the adult education center and other institutes. ([https://www.sal.ch/story-academy/autobiografisches-schreiben/mehr-zum-lehrgang/ Adapted from Source Feb 16, 2021])hrgang/ Adapted from Source Feb 16, 2021]))
Brag dkar blo bzang dpal ldan bstan 'dzin snyan grags + (Drakar Lobzang Palden Tendzin Nyendrak (Br … Drakar Lobzang Palden Tendzin Nyendrak (Brag dkar blo bzang dpal ldan bstan 'dzin snyan grags 1866–1928) of Trehor Kardzé wrote a refutation of Mipam Rinpoche's commentary on the ninth chapter of the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra''. He was also a disciple of the Longchen Nyingtik master Ragang Chöpa, and a teacher of Amdo Geshe Jampal Rolwé Lodrö. ([https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Drakkar_Lobzang_Palden Adapted from Source Oct 4, 2022])g_Palden Adapted from Source Oct 4, 2022]))
Gro lung pa blo gros 'byung gnas + (Drolungpa Lodrö Jungne was a disciple of r … Drolungpa Lodrö Jungne was a disciple of rNgog lo tsā ba Blo ldan shes rab. Among his important works include a biography (''rnam thar'') of Blo ldan shes rab as well as the ''Great Stages of the Doctrine'' (''Bstan rim chen mo''), which served as a model for Tsongkhapa's Lam rim texts.as a model for Tsongkhapa's Lam rim texts.)
Drupa Rinpoche, 7th + (Drupa Rinpoche Lobsang Yeshi who is 7th in … Drupa Rinpoche Lobsang Yeshi who is 7th in the lineage of Drupa Rinpoches, is the head of Drupa Monastery in Kham, Eastern Tibet. The present Drupa Rinpoche was born in India and recognized by His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama in the year of 1988 as the reincarnation of 6th Drupa Rinpoche Shedrup Tenpai Gyaltsen.Drupa Rinpoche joined Drepung Loselling Monastery in 1988 and completed his monastic studies by receiving his Geshe degree in 2005. Rinpoche is tri-lingual (Tibetan, English and Hindi) which enabled him to successfully pursue a Bachelor in Psychology (Hons) degree from HELP University, Malaysia and thereafter, a Master of Science in Positive Psychology (MSPP) from Life University, GA, USA. Rinpoche presented his research paper titled “Are materialism and spirituality two sides of the happiness coin? A mixed-methods study” at the 31st International Congress of Psychology (ICP), Yokohama, Japan. Rinpoche has been inducted as a member of Psy Chi, the International Honor Society in Psychology. ([https://www.khacholing.org/w/teachers/drupa-rinpoche-lobsang-yeshi-bio/ Source Accessed Oct 28, 2021])-yeshi-bio/ Source Accessed Oct 28, 2021]))
Dudjom Sangye Pema Shepa Rinpoche + (Dudjom Sangye Pema Shepa (1990-2022) was t … Dudjom Sangye Pema Shepa (1990-2022) was the head of the Dudjom Tersar tradition and a reincarnation of [[Dudjom Jikdral Yeshe Dorje]] who resided mainly in Tibet and Nepal.See the official [https://www.dudjominternationalfoundation.com Dudjom International Foundation website] for more:Also see [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Dudjom_Sangye_Pema_Shepa_Rinpoche the Rigpa Wiki Entry]Dudjom Rinpoche III first traveled to the west in 2018 and visited the United States of America and Canada. (He bestowed the entire Dudjom Tersar cycle of empowerments at Pema Osel Ling in California in 2018.) In 2019 he made his first trip to Spain, Switzerland, France, and Russia and took leadership of a Dudjom center in Valencia, Spain. Up until 2018, Dudjom Rinpoche III had passed his time devoutly focused on practicing and training in Tibet and Nepal. All of this happened under the close supervision of Chatral Sangye Dorje who personally taught him to read and write. It was Chatral who instructed Dudjom Yangsi to undertake a traditional three-year retreat at the famous hermitage of Gangri Tokar in Tibet, which he began in 2008 and completed in 2011. Dudjom Rinpoche III has visited many of the most important Buddhist pilgrimage sites in Tibet, China, Nepal, Spiti and Bhutan. His principal seats are in Nepal and Tibet. ([https://www.dudjominternationalfoundation.com/hh-dudjom-rinpoche-iii-sangye-pema-shepa/ Source Accessed Feb 18, 2022])'''Official Statement on the passing of His Holiness the 3rd Dudjom Rinpoche from [http://www.dunzhuxinbaozang.com/ Dudjom Labrang]:'''Attention all sublime beings spreading and upholding the precious Buddhadharma, the general sangha, and in particular all students in monasteries and Dharma centers of the New Treasures of Düdjom: As everyone knows, the one whose name is hard to say except for good reason, His Holiness Düdjom Rinpoche Sangyé Pema Shepa, never had any kind of sickness from the time he was young up until now. On the evening of the Tibetan 13th he said, “Tomorrow I want to rest and relax. Please all of you be quiet and take care.” Then he went into his bedroom. At that time there was nothing out of the ordinary. The next day, the 14th day of the 12th month of the Tibetan Iron Ox year, when going to call him for his morning tea and breakfast, totally unbelievably, he had passed into parinirvana, to benefit other beings.From the perspective of disciples who grasp to permanence, it seems the external appearance of his rüpakaya, his precious form body, has subsided into the great expanse of primordially pure inner space. Right now, his radiant countenance has not declined at all, and he is resting in meditation.Later, once his meditation releases, his precious kaya will be taken to Zheyu Monastery (Xie Wu Temple) and there, for forty-nine days, Dorsem Lama Chödpa (''Offering to the Lama as Vajrasattva'') will be offered to fully perfect his wisdom intentions such that there will be no obstacles for traversing the grounds and paths, and his transcendence state of realization will be completely perfected without any hindrance.For all his vast intentions for the teachings of Buddha and sentient beings to be accomplished, in India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim, Tibet and countries all over the world, Düdjom Tersar monasteries and all students should please practice guru yoga, the rituals of Lama Chödpa and so on and perform as much virtuous activity as possible to fulfill his wisdom intentions, along with making vast prayers and aspirations.All those left behind in the Düdjom Labrang are making this earnest request.m Labrang are making this earnest request.)
Dung dkar blo bzang 'phrin las + (Dungkar Lobzang Trinle was one of the so-c … Dungkar Lobzang Trinle was one of the so-called "Three Great Scholars" in the second half of the twentieth century, together with Tseten Zhabdrung and Muge Samten, credited with reinstituting scholastic Buddhism and Tibetology as an academic discipline in China. Trained in Lhasa in the 1940s and 1950s, he survived the Cultural Revolution to serve at high levels of the Chinese government in the service of Buddhist learning and Tibetan cultural history more generally. His most famous publication is the ''Dungkar Encyclopedia''. (Source: [https://treasuryoflives.org/zh/biographies/view/Eighth-Dunkar-Dungkar-Lobzang-Trinle/2419 Treasury of Lives.org])obzang-Trinle/2419 Treasury of Lives.org]))
Bhattacharya, D. + (Durga Mohan Bhattacharya was an Indian sch … Durga Mohan Bhattacharya was an Indian scholar of Sanskrit. He had served as a professor of Sanskrit at the Scottish Church College in Calcutta.He was a key figure in reviving many manuscripts of the Paippalāda-Saṃhitā and its ancillary literature like the Āṅgirasakalpa after painstaking search over years in Orissa and south-west Bengal. Durgamohan Bhattacharya's discovery of a living tradition of the Paippalāda-Saṃhitā, unknown until then, was hailed in the Indological world as epoch making. Ludwig Alsdorf went so far as to say that it was the greatest event in Indology. Bhattacharya died in 1965 leaving his edition of the text incomplete. This task was completed by his son Dipak, whose critical edition of the first 18 kāṇḍas was published by the Asiatic Society, Calcutta in three volumes in 1997, 2008 and 2011.'''Early Life''' In the early 1900 he with other members of his family, migrated to Sahanagar, Lalbag in the district of Murshidabad. The family was poor and could not send its young children to an English medium school. His early education was derived from tols and chatuspathis, where the main subjects taught were Bengali and Sanskrit, the medium of education primarily being Bengali. Durgamohan was an exceptionally brilliant student and by the year 1915 he had appeared at several Sanskrit Upadhi examinations and topped the list of candidates for the several examinations on Sanskrit conducted by the Government of Bengal. He acquired the highest degrees in Kavya, Sankhya and Purana and got the title of Bhagavataratna.Durgamohan with his widowed mother (Sarada) and only younger brother moved to his maternal uncle's house in Calcutta. Coming to know about the keen desire of Durgamohan to study English, his senior maternal uncle took him to Suresh Chandra Kundu, then the headmaster of Town School, Calcutta, an institution of great reputation. It was an immense task for Durgamohan to achieve as he had already reached the age of 16 and he was required to complete the normal course of ten years in a single year. He successfully completed the task and in 1917 he sat for the Entrance Examination of the University of Calcutta and was declared successful, obtaining a place in the First Division of successful candidates.The Intermediate Examination (F.A.) was achieved in 1919 at the Vidyasagar College, the B.A. Examination with a First Class honours Degree in Sanskrit from the Scottish Church College was gained in 1921 and the master's degree in Sanskrit was obtained in 1923 from the University of Calcutta.'''Career''' After completing his studies in the University, Durgamohan decided to take up the educational line as his field of activities. Having served as a Professor of Sanskrit in the Narasinha Dutt College of Howrah for some time, he joined the Scottish Church College as a professor of Sanskrit and Bengali and eventually became the head of the department of Sanskrit in the early thirties. In 1952 he was inducted in the West Bengal Senior Educational Service as Professor of Vedic Language, Literature and Culture in the Postgraduate Training and Research Department of the Sanskrit College, which position he occupied till the date of his death.He used to be invited by learned societies like the Asiatic Society of Bengal, the Asiatic Society of Bombay, the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, and others to deliver talks on specific topics particularly the Vedas. He was awarded gold medals by the Asiatic Societies for his services in the field of Sanskrit.'''Work on Paippalāda-Saṃhitā''' He had come to infer from many sources that of the four Vedas, the Atharva Veda and its practice had not become extinct in India as many scholars of repute used to hold and propagate. To prove his conviction in this regard he visited a large number of places all over India, and, ultimately a few years before his death, he was able to locate a place in Orissa, Guhiapal to be precise where he found the Atharva Veda to be actively practiced and there he discovered several Oriya manuscripts in which the Paippalāda-Saṃhitā, one of the nine versions of the Atharva Veda was faithfully reproduced. The discovery was made known to the world and the belief about the extinction of the practice of Atharva Veda was proved incorrect. He was hailed for his painstaking effort and perseverance in the unearthing of the Paippalāda-Saṃhitā as an epoch making discovery.He started serious work on the Paippalāda-Saṃhitā, and publications also started which received acclamations from scholars all over the world. But unfortunately Durgamohan fell ill with cancer and died on 12 November 1965. His task was completed by his son Dipak Bhattacharya whose critical edition of the first 18 kāṇḍas published by the Asiatic Society, Calcutta came out in three volumes in 1997, 2008 and 2011. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durga_Mohan_Bhattacharyya Adapted from Source Mar 25, 2022])Durga_Mohan_Bhattacharyya Adapted from Source Mar 25, 2022]))
Cadonna, A. + (During the last part of the twentieth cent … During the last part of the twentieth century, from the 1980s onwards, he was one of the most important figures in Italian Sinology in the field of classical literary and religious studies. The subject of his degree thesis presented in the academic year 1978-79 (Yulu and denglu of the Chan Buddhist school as a source for the study of vernacular elements of "Middle Chinese") already demonstrated the two aspects that proved to be fundamental cornerstones of his research activity: a focus on the expressions of the Chinese religious-philosophical tradition (Chan, and later especially Daoism) and the centrality of a language-based approach, the vehicle of such expressions. Hallmarks of Alfredo's academic writing, teaching and thinking have always been close readings of the sources that transcend any form of hermeneutical relativism, readings that are grounded in the keen quest for meaning and the underlying semantic landscape. ([https://chinesestudies.eu/2020/in-memoriam-alfredo-mario-cadonna-1948-2020/ Source Accessed Feb 27, 2023])-1948-2020/ Source Accessed Feb 27, 2023]))
Goddard, D. + (Dwight Goddard was a Christian missionary … Dwight Goddard was a Christian missionary to China when he first came in contact with Buddhism. In 1928, he spent a year living at a Zen monastery in Japan. In 1934, he founded "The Followers of Buddha, an American Brotherhood," with the goal of applying the traditional monastic structure of Buddhism more strictly than Senzaki and Sokei-an. The group was largely unsuccessful: no Americans were recruited to join as monks and attempts failed to attract a Chinese Chan (Zen) master to come to the United States. However, Goddard's efforts as an author and publisher bore considerable fruit. In 1930, he began publishing ZEN: A Buddhist Magazine. In 1932, he collaborated with D. T. Suzuki on a translation of the ''Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra''. That same year, he published the first edition of ''A Buddhist Bible'', an anthology of Buddhist scriptures focusing on those used in Chinese and Japanese Zen. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_States#Dwight_Goddard Source Accessed Dec 3, 2019])For an interesting article on Goddard's life, see Robert Aitken's article [https://tricycle.org/magazine/still-speaking/ "Still Speaking"] in the Spring 1994 issue of ''Tricycle: The Buddhist Review''.ssue of ''Tricycle: The Buddhist Review''.)
Esler, D. + (Dylan Esler is a scholar and translator of … Dylan Esler is a scholar and translator of Tibetan Buddhist texts. He holds a PhD in Languages and Literature from the Université catholique de Louvain and an MA in Buddhist Studies from the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London. He currently works at the Center for Religious Studies (CERES) of the Ruhr-University Bochum and is also affiliated with the Oriental Institute of Louvain (CIOL). His research interest focuses on early rNying-ma expositions of rDzogs-chen and Tantra. ([https://rub.academia.edu/DylanEsler Academia.edu Source Accessed Nov 19, 2020])cademia.edu Source Accessed Nov 19, 2020]))
Wallace, A. + (Dynamic lecturer, progressive scholar, and … Dynamic lecturer, progressive scholar, and one of the most prolific writers and translators of Tibetan Buddhism in the West, B. Alan Wallace, Ph.D., continually seeks innovative ways to integrate Buddhist contemplative practices with Western science to advance the study of the mind.Dr. Wallace, a scholar and practitioner of Buddhism since 1970, has taught Buddhist theory and meditation worldwide since 1976. Having devoted fourteen years to training as a Tibetan Buddhist monk, ordained by H. H. the Dalai Lama, he went on to earn an undergraduate degree in physics and the philosophy of science at Amherst College and a doctorate in religious studies at Stanford. ([http://www.alanwallace.org Source Accessed Nov 17, 2020])wallace.org Source Accessed Nov 17, 2020]))
Dzigar Kongtrul, 2nd + (Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche (b.1964) — the pr … Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche (b.1964) — the present Dzigar Kongtrul, Jigme Namgyel (འཛི་སྒར་ཀོང་སྤྲུལ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་, Wyl. 'dzi sgar kong sprul 'jigs med rnam rgyal), was born in Northern India, shortly before the Tibetan community settlement at Bir was established by his father, the third Neten Chokling Rinpoche. When Rinpoche was just nine years old, his father passed away. Soon after this His Holiness Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche recognized him as an emanation of Jamgön Kongtrul the Great and His Holiness the 16th Karmapa confirmed this. He was soon enthroned at Chokling Gompa in Bir.Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche grew up in a monastic environment and received extensive training in all aspects of Buddhist doctrine. In particular, he received the teachings of the Nyingma lineage, especially those of the Longchen Nyingtik, from his root teacher, His Holiness Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche. Rinpoche also studied extensively under Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, Nyoshul Khen Rinpoche, and the great scholar Khenpo Rinchen.Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche then moved to the United States in 1989 with his family and began a five-year tenure as a professor of Buddhist philosophy at Naropa University (then Institute) in 1990. Not long after arriving in the United States, he founded Mangala Shri Bhuti, an organization dedicated to furthering the practice of the Longchen Nyingtik lineage. He established a mountain retreat centre, Longchen Jigme Samten Ling, in southern Colorado, where he spends much of his time in retreat and guides students in long-term retreat practice.Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche's students include Pema Chödrön, the best-selling buddhist author, his wife Elizabeth Mattis-Namgyel, and his son Dungse Jampal Norbu. He is also an avid painter in the abstract expressionist tradition. ([https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Dzigar_Kongtrul_Rinpoche Source Accessed Dec 11, 2020])ul_Rinpoche Source Accessed Dec 11, 2020]))
'jam dbyangs mkhyen brtse chos kyi blo gros + (Dzongsar Khyentse Chokyi Lodro was one of … Dzongsar Khyentse Chokyi Lodro was one of the most influential religious teachers in Kham in the first half of the twentieth century. One of multiple reincarnations of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, he served as head of Dzongsar Monastery, which he enlarged, founding the monastic college, Khamshe, in 1918. Chokyi Lodro fled Kham in 1955 during the Communist takeover of Tibet, settling in Sikkim, where he passed away in 1959. ([http://www.treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Jamyang-Khyentse-Chokyi-Lodro/9990 Source: Treasury of Lives]). Also see his collected works at [https://khyentselineage.tsadra.org/index.php/%27jam_dbyangs_mkhyen_brtse_chos_kyi_blo_gros Tsadra Foundation's Khyentse Lineage webiste] and the translations of his texts at [https://www.lotsawahouse.org/tibetan-masters/jamyang-khyentse-chokyi-lodro/ Lotsawa House].ang-khyentse-chokyi-lodro/ Lotsawa House].)
Dānapāla + (Dānapāla. (C. Shihu; J. Sego; K. Siho 施護) … Dānapāla. (C. Shihu; J. Sego; K. Siho 施護) (d.u.; fl. c. 980 CE). In Sanskrit, lit. "Protector of Giving"; one of the last great Indian translators of Buddhist texts into Chinese. A native of Oḍḍiyāna in the Gandhāra region of India, he was active in China during the Northern Song dynasty. At the order of the Song Emperor Taizhong (r. 960–997), he was installed in a translation bureau to the west of the imperial monastery of Taiping Xingguosi (in Yuanzhou, present-day Jiangxi province), where he and his team are said to have produced some 111 translations in over 230 rolls. His translations include texts from the prajñāpāramitā, Madhyamaka, and tantric traditions, including the ''Aṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā'', ''Suvarṇaprabhāsottamasūtra'', ''Sarvatathāgatatattvasaṃgraha'', ''Hevajratantra'', Nāgārjuna's ''Yuktiṣaṣtikā'' and ''Dharmadhātustava'', and Kamalaśīla's ''Bhāvanākrama'', as well as several dhāraṇī texts. (Source: "Dānapāla." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 212. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Dōgen + (Dōgen Zenji (道元禅師; 19 January 1200– 22 Sep … Dōgen Zenji (道元禅師; 19 January 1200– 22 September 1253), also known as Dōgen Kigen (道元希玄), Eihei Dōgen (永平道元), Kōso Jōyō Daishi (高祖承陽大師), or Busshō Dentō Kokushi (仏性伝東国師), was a Japanese Buddhist priest, writer, poet, philosopher, and founder of the Sōtō school of Zen in Japan.Originally ordained as a monk in the Tendai School in Kyoto, he was ultimately dissatisfied with its teaching and traveled to China to seek out what he believed to be a more authentic Buddhism. He remained there for five years, finally training under Tiantong Rujing, an eminent teacher of the Chinese Caodong lineage. Upon his return to Japan, he began promoting the practice of zazen (sitting meditation) through literary works such as ''Fukan zazengi'' and ''Bendōwa''.He eventually broke relations completely with the powerful Tendai School, and, after several years of likely friction between himself and the establishment, left Kyoto for the mountainous countryside where he founded the monastery Eihei-ji, which remains the head temple of the Sōtō school today.Dōgen is known for his extensive writing including his most famous work, the collection of 95 essays called the ''[[Shōbōgenzō]]'', but also ''Eihei Kōroku'', a collection of his talks, poetry, and commentaries, and ''Eihei Shingi'', the first Zen monastic code written in Japan, among others. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen Source Accessed Jan 9, 2020])i/D%C5%8Dgen Source Accessed Jan 9, 2020]))
Gruber, E. + (ELMAR R. GRUBER, PhD, was born in Vienna, … ELMAR R. GRUBER, PhD, was born in Vienna, Austria, in 1955. He is a psychologist, an independent scholar and freelance popular-science writer, as well as a scientific advisor for radio and television in Europe. He is the author of twenty books that have been published in fifteen languages throughout the world. A longtime practitioner of Tibetan Buddhism, he is a student of Drikung Chetsang Rinpoche.is a student of Drikung Chetsang Rinpoche.)
Sulek, E. + (EMILIA RÓŻA SULEK graduated in Social Anthropology and Oriental Studies from the University of Warsaw. She is a doctoral candidate at the Central Asian Seminar, Humboldt University in Berlin.)
Emmerick, R. + (EMMERICK, RONALD ERIC, (b. Sydney, 9 March … EMMERICK, RONALD ERIC, (b. Sydney, 9 March 1937; d. Hamburg, 31 August 2001), distinguished Australian scholar of the ancient civilizations and languages of Iran, India, and Tibet. He was the only son of Eric Steward Emmerick (1905-67) and Myrtle Caroline Emmerick, née Smith (1908-72). Prompted by his keen interest in languages and their history, he studied Latin, Greek, French, and German at Sydney University (1955-58), where he also attended an unofficial Sanskrit course offered by the classicist and linguist Athanasius Pryor Treweek. He took his B.A. degree with First Class Honors and received the University Medal for Classics with a thesis on “Mycenaean Morphology.” Subsequently he was appointed as a teaching fellow in the Latin department in 1959. His choice to write his thesis on Mycenaean Greek, whose script, Linear B, had only been deciphered in 1953, attests to his intellectual curiosity and shows how he was attracted by little explored subjects whose study could open up new vistas and deepen our knowledge of history in general. His chosen field of research, however, to which he devoted most of his life, was to be the Khotanese language and texts. He first heard of this language when, in Sydney, at the age of twenty-two, he read Harold Walter Bailey’s 1938 inaugural lecture, “The Content of Indian and Iranian Studies.” He was so impressed by this lecture that he decided to study Khotanese with Bailey at Cambridge University. There, he first completed his studies in Classics and was instructed in Iranian and Indian studies by Bailey, receiving the Brotherton Sanskrit Prize, the Bhaonagar Medal for Sanskrit and the Rapson Scholarship. Then, in the years 1963-65, he wrote his doctoral dissertation entitled "Indo-Iranian Studies: Saka Grammar" and took his M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in 1965. In the meantime, he had been elected research fellow at St. John’s College, Cambridge (1964-67) and lecturer in Iranian Studies at the School of Oriental and African Studies of the University of London (1964-71). In addition, he taught Sanskrit at Cambridge while Bailey was on a sabbatical leave (1965-66). He subsequently revised and enlarged his dissertation and published it under the title Saka Grammatical Studies (1968f), which became an indispensable reference work for both ancient and modern Iranian studies.(Read more [https://iranicaonline.org/articles/emmerick-ronald-eric-scholar here])ticles/emmerick-ronald-eric-scholar here]))
Arnold, E. + (Edward A. Arnold is an independent scholar of Tibetan Buddhism, living in Ithaca, New York. He is Assistant Editor at the American Institute of Buddhist Studies (AIBS).)
Cowell, E. + (Edward Byles Cowell, FBA (23 January 1826 … Edward Byles Cowell, FBA (23 January 1826 – 9 February 1903) was a noted translator of Persian poetry and the first professor of Sanskrit at Cambridge University.Cowell was born in Ipswich, the son of Charles Cowell and Marianne Byles. Elizabeth "Beth" Cowell, the painter, was his sister.He became interested in Oriental languages at the age of fifteen, when he found a copy of Sir William Jones's works (including his ''Persian Grammar'') in the public library. Self-taught, he began translating and publishing Hafez within the year.On the death of his father in 1842 he took over the family business. He married in 1845, and in 1850 entered Magdalen College, Oxford, where he studied and catalogued Persian manuscripts for the Bodleian Library. From 1856 to 1867 he lived in Calcutta as professor of English history at Presidency College. He was also as principal of Sanskrit College from 1858 to 1864. In this year he discovered a manuscript of Omar Khayyám's quatrains in the Asiatic Society's library and sent a copy to London for his friend and student, Edward Fitzgerald, who then produced the famous English translations (the ''Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam'', 1859). He also published, unsigned, an introduction to Khayyám with translations of thirty quatrains in the ''Calcutta Review'' (1858).Having studied Hindustani, Bengali, and Sanskrit with Indian scholars, he returned to England to take up an appointment as the first professor of Sanskrit at Cambridge. He was professor from 1867 until his death in 1903. He was made an honorary member of the German Oriental Society (DMG) in 1895, was awarded the Royal Asiatic Society's first gold medal in 1898, and in 1902 became a founding member of the British Academy. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Byles_Cowell Source Accessed Mar 22, 2021])yles_Cowell Source Accessed Mar 22, 2021]))
Conze, E. + (Edward Conze (1904-1979) was born in Londo … Edward Conze (1904-1979) was born in London and educated in Germany. He gained his Ph.D from Cologne University in 1928, and then studied Indian and European comparative philosophy at the Universities of Bonn and Hamburg. From 1933 until 1960 he lectured in psychology, philosophy and comparative religion at London and Oxford Universities. Between 1963 and 1973 he held a number of academic appointments in England, Germany and the USA, and was also a Visiting Professor in the Department of Religious Studies at Lancaster, as well as Vice-President of the Buddhist Society. ([https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Edward_Conze Source Accessed Jul 21, 2020])dward_Conze Source Accessed Jul 21, 2020]))
Johnston, E. + (Edward Hamilton Johnston was a British ori … Edward Hamilton Johnston was a British oriental scholar who was Boden Professor of Sanskrit at the University of Oxford from 1937 until his death. He was born on 26 March 1885; his father was Reginald Johnston, Governor of the Bank of England from 1909 to 1911. He was educated at Eton College before studying at New College, Oxford, switching to history after a year of mathematics and obtaining a first-class degree in 1907. He joined the Indian Civil Service, winning the Boden Sanskrit Scholarship during his probation, and worked in India from 1909 onwards in various capacities. He took the opportunity to retire in 1924 after working in India for 15 years, and returned to England. Thereafter he spent his time on the study of Sanskrit, later learning sufficient Tibetan and Chinese to make use of material available in those languages.Although Johnston seems only to have published one article in India (on a group of medieval statues), his later works show that he had noted local Indian practices in agriculture and other areas, since he made reference to these in his analysis of Sanskrit texts. Between 1928 and 1936, he published an edition and translation of the ''Buddhacārita'' (''Acts of the Buddha'') by the 2nd-century author Aśvaghoṣa; this was described by the writer of his obituary in The Times as his "magnum opus."In 1937, he was elected Boden Professor of Sanskrit and Keeper of the Indian Institute at the University of Oxford, also becoming a Professorial Fellow of Balliol College. He started cataloguing the Sanskrit manuscripts acquired for the Bodleian Library by an earlier Boden professor, A. A. Macdonell, helped improve the museum of the Indian Institute, and worked on the manuscripts held by the India Office Library. He published several articles on a variety of topics. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Johnston_(orientalist) Source Accessed Jan 13, 2020])rientalist) Source Accessed Jan 13, 2020]))
Henning, E. + (Edward Henning was a mathematician with a … Edward Henning was a mathematician with a long career in computer journalism and programming. An experienced translator, he specialized in Kālacakra literature for over three decades. (Source: [https://wisdomexperience.org/content-author/edward-henning/ Wisdom Experience])author/edward-henning/ Wisdom Experience]))
Craig, E. + (Edward John Craig (born 26 March 1942) is … Edward John Craig (born 26 March 1942) is an English academic philosopher, editor of the ''Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', and former Knightbridge Professor of Philosophy at the University of Cambridge. He is also a former cricketer at first-class level: a right-handed batsman for Cambridge University and Lancashire. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Craig_(philosopher) Source Accessed June 5, 2023])hilosopher) Source Accessed June 5, 2023]))
Brown, E. + (Edward was ordained in 1971 by Shunryu Suz … Edward was ordained in 1971 by Shunryu Suzuki Roshi, who gave him the Dharma name Jusan Kainei, which means "Longevity Mountain, Peaceful Sea." Edward has been practicing Zen since 1965 and also has done extensive vipassana practice, yoga, and chi gung. He leads regular sitting groups and meditation retreats in Northern California and offers workshops in the U.S. and internationally on a variety of subjects, including cooking, handwriting change, and Mindfulness Touch. Edward is an accomplished chef, who helped found Greens Restaurant in San Francisco and worked with Deborah Madison in writing ''The Greens Cookbook''. Edward's other books include ''The Tassajara Bread Book'', ''Tassajara Cooking'', ''The Tassajara Recipe Book'', and ''Tomato Blessings and Radish Teachings''. He also edited ''Not Always So'', a collection of Suzuki Roshi's lectures. In 2007, Edward was the subject of a critically acclaimed feature-length documentary film entitled ''How to Cook Your Life'', directed by Doris Dörrie. ([https://www.peacefulseasangha.com/default.html Source Accessed Nov 25, 2020])efault.html Source Accessed Nov 25, 2020]))
Kawaguchi, E. + (Ekai Kawaguchi (河口慧海, ''Kawaguchi Ekai'') … Ekai Kawaguchi (河口慧海, ''Kawaguchi Ekai'') (February 26, 1866 – February 24, 1945) was a Japanese Buddhist monk, famed for his four journeys to Nepal (in 1899, 1903, 1905 and 1913), and two to Tibet (July 4, 1900–June 15, 1902, 1913–1915), being the first recorded Japanese citizen to travel in either country.From an early age Kawaguchi, whose birth name was Sadajiro, was passionate about becoming a monk. In fact, his passion was unusual in a country that was quickly modernizing; he gave serious attention to the monastic vows of vegetarianism, chastity, and temperance even as other monks were happily abandoning them. As a result, he became disgusted with the worldliness and political corruption of the Japanese Buddhist world. Until March, 1891, he worked as the Rector of the Zen Gohyaku rakan Monastery (五百羅漢寺, ''Gohyaku-rakan-ji'') in Tokyo (a large temple which contains 500 ''rakan'' icons). He then spent about 3 years as a hermit in Kyoto studying Chinese Buddhist texts and learning Pali, to no use; he ran into political squabbles even as a hermit. Finding Japanese Buddhism too corrupt, he decided to go to Tibet instead, despite the fact that the region was officially off limits to all foreigners. In fact, unbeknownst to Kawaguchi, Japanese religious scholars had spent most of the 1890s trying to enter Tibet to find rare Buddhist sutras, with the backing of large institutions and scholarships, but had invariably failed.He left Japan for India in June, 1897, without a guide or map, simply buying his way onto a cargo boat. He had a smattering of English but did not know a word of Hindi or Tibetan. Also, he had no money, having refused the donations of his friends; instead, he made several fishmonger and butcher friends pledge to give up their professions forever and become vegetarian, claiming that the good karma would ensure his success. Success appeared far from guaranteed, but arriving in India with very little money, he somehow entered the good graces of Sarat Chandra Das, an Indian British agent and Tibetan scholar, and was given passage to northern India. Kawaguchi would later be accused of spying for Das, but there is no evidence for this, and a close reading of his diary makes it seem quite unlikely. Kawaguchi stayed in Darjeeling for several months living with a Tibetan family by Das' arrangement. He became fluent in the Tibetan language, which was at that time neither systematically taught to foreigners nor compiled, by talking to children and women on the street.Crossing over the Himalayas on an unpatrolled dirt road with an untrustworthy guide, Kawaguchi soon found himself alone and lost on the Tibetan plateau. He had the good fortune to befriend every wanderer he met in the countryside, including monks, shepherds, and even bandits, but he still took almost four years to reach Lhasa after stopovers at a number of monasteries and a pilgrimage round sacred Mount Kailash in western Tibet. He posed as a Chinese monk and gained a reputation as an excellent doctor which led to him having an audience with the 13th Dalai Lama, Thubten Gyatso (1876 to 1933). He spent some time living in Sera Monastery.Kawaguchi devoted his entire time in Tibet to Buddhist pilgrimage and study. Although he mastered the difficult terminology of the classical Tibetan language and was able to pass for a Tibetan, he was surprisingly intolerant of Tibetans' minor violations of monastic laws, and of the eating of meat in a country with very little arable farmland. As a result, he did not fit in well in monastic circles, instead finding work as a doctor of Chinese and Western medicine. His services were soon in high demand.Kawaguchi spent his time in Lhasa in disguise and, following a tip that his cover had been blown, had to flee the country hurriedly. He almost petitioned the government to let him stay as an honest and apolitical monk, but the intimations of high-ranking friends convinced him not to. Even so, several of the people who had sheltered him were horribly tortured and mutilated. Kawaguchi was deeply concerned for his friends, and despite his ill health and lack of funds, after leaving the country he used all his connections to petition the Nepalese Prime Minister Chandra Shumsher Rana for help. On the Prime Minister's recommendation, the Tibetan Government released Kawaguchi's loyal Tibetan friends from jail. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekai_Kawaguchi Source Accessed Mar 19, 2021])i_Kawaguchi Source Accessed Mar 19, 2021]))
Lange, E. + (Elena Louisa Lange, Ph.D. (2011), Universi … Elena Louisa Lange, Ph.D. (2011), University of Zurich, is Senior Researcher and Lecturer in Japanology at the University of Zurich. Her current research is on the reception of Marx's Critique of Political Economy. Her publishing focuses mostly on value theory. ([https://brill.com/edcollbook/title/32218?contents=editorial-content Source Accessed July 6, 2023])ial-content Source Accessed July 6, 2023]))
Franco, E. + (Eli Franco (born June 19, 1953 in Tel Aviv … Eli Franco (born June 19, 1953 in Tel Aviv ) is an Israeli Indologist. He received his BA in Philosophy and Jewish Philosophy from the University of Tel Aviv in 1976, the Diplôme de l' Ecole des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales in 1978, Paris, and the Doctorat 3e cycle from the Université de Paris X and L'Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes in 1980. Since 2004 he has held the chair for Indology at the Institute for Indology and Central Asian Studies at the University of Leipzig, Germany. Among his writings include: ''Perception, Knowledge and Disbelief: A Study of Jayarāśi's Skepticism'' (Franz Steiner Verlag Wiesbaden, 1987), ''Dharmakīrti on Compassion and Rebirth'' (Arbeitskreis für Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien, Universität Wien, 1997), ''The Spitzer Manuscript: The Oldest Philosophical Manuscript in Sanskrit'' (Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2004), and (with Miyako Notake) ''Dharmakīrti on the Duality of the Object: Pramāṇavārttika III, 1 - 63'' (Lit Verlag, 2014). ([https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli_Franco Adapted from Source July 20, 2019])Franco Adapted from Source July 20, 2019]))
Guarisco, E. + (Elio was born in Varese, Italy, on 5 Augus … Elio was born in Varese, Italy, on 5 August 1954 and grew up in Como. He studied art and received a Master of Arts before traveling to India to study Buddhism. On his return from India he moved to Switzerland, where for ten years he learned Tibetan language and Buddhist philosophy under one of the Dalai Lama’s philosophical advisors. Elio joined the Dzogchen community in 1986, when he received teachings from Chögyal Namkhai Norbu for the first time.Invited by the late Kalu Rinpoche, Elio spent almost twenty years in India working on the large encyclopedia on Indo-Tibetan knowledge known as Shes bya kun khyab (Myriad Worlds,Buddhist Ethics, Systems of Buddhist Tantra, The Elements of Tantric Practice) authored by Kongtrul the Great, published in separate volumes by Snow Lion Publications. During this time Elio continued to actively collaborate with the Dzogchen Community and especially with the Shang Shung Institute in Italy, of which he is a founding member.Elio has worked on various translations for the Shang Shung Institute in Italy, including several books by Chögyal Namkhai Norbu relating to Tibetan medicine. He has completed several levels of the Santi Maha Sangha training, and became an authorized teacher of the base, first, and second level. Since 2003, Elio has been one of the three principal translators for the Ka-ter project of the Shang Shung Institute of Austria. Aside from serving as instructor for the Training for Translators from Tibetan program, he also works for the Dzogchen Tantra Translation Project. ([http://skyjewel.org/ Source Accessed March 26, 2020])ewel.org/ Source Accessed March 26, 2020]))
Lindmayer, E. + (Elisabeth Lindmayer comes from a Viennese … Elisabeth Lindmayer comes from a Viennese entrepreneurial family. She is a practicing Buddhist and, together with Sunim Tenzin Tharchin, was largely responsible for the construction of the well-known Peace Stupa in Grafenwörth, Austria. She has translated, along with Sunim Tenzin Tharchin, a German translation of the ''Ākāśagarbhasūtra'', ''Das Akashagarbha Sutra: Allumfassende Liebe und Weisheit; Heilend und Wunscherfüllend''. ([https://diamant-verlag.info/autoren/elisabeth-lindmayer/ Source Accessed Nov 30, 2021])-lindmayer/ Source Accessed Nov 30, 2021]))
Prophet, E. + (Elizabeth Clare Prophet (née: Wulf, a.k.a. … Elizabeth Clare Prophet (née: Wulf, a.k.a. Guru Ma) (April 8, 1939 – October 15, 2009) was an American spiritual leader, author, orator, and writer. In 1963 she married Mark L. Prophet (after ending her first marriage), who had founded The Summit Lighthouse in 1958. Mark and Elizabeth had four children. Elizabeth, after her second husband's death on February 26, 1973, assumed control of The Summit Lighthouse.In 1975 Prophet founded Church Universal and Triumphant, which became the umbrella organization for the movement, and which she expanded worldwide. She also founded Summit University and Summit University Press. In the late 1980s Prophet controversially called on her members to prepare for the possibility of nuclear war at the turn of the decade, encouraging them to construct fallout shelters. In 1996, Prophet handed day-to-day operational control of her organization to a president and board of directors. She maintained her role as spiritual leader until her retirement due to health reasons in 1999.During the 1980s and 1990s Prophet appeared on Larry King Live, Donahue and Nightline, among other television programs. Earlier media appearances included a feature in 1977 in "The Man Who Would Not Die," an episode of NBC's In Search Of... series. She was also featured in 1994 on NBC's Ancient Prophecies. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Clare_Prophet Source accessed March 11, 2020])e_Prophet Source accessed March 11, 2020]))
Cook, E. + (Elizabeth Cook is a faculty member at Dharma College in Berkeley, CA and an editor for Dharma Publishing.)
English, E. + (Elizabeth English (Locana) received her MA … Elizabeth English (Locana) received her MA and PhD in Classical Indian Religion from Oxford University and is a member of the Western Buddhist Order. She is the founder and director of Life at Work, a right-livelihood business that provides consultancy and training for supporting people, teams, and organizations through communication skills and conflict resolution. ([https://www.amazon.com/Vajrayogini-Visualization-Rituals-Studies-Buddhism/dp/086171329X Source: Amazon Page])ddhism/dp/086171329X Source: Amazon Page]))
Harris, E. + (Elizabeth J. Harris is an Honorary Lecture … Elizabeth J. Harris is an Honorary Lecturer at Birmingham University and Secretary for Inter Faith Relations for the Methodist Church in Britain. A former Research Fellow at Westminster College, Oxford, she is the author of many books and articles on Theravada Buddhism and Buddhist–Christian encounter.Buddhism and Buddhist–Christian encounter.)
Callahan, E. + (Elizabeth has been engaged in contemplativ … Elizabeth has been engaged in contemplative training and Tibetan Buddhist studies for more than 35 years. A Tsadra Fellow since 2002, she has engaged in both written translation and oral interpretation including working closely with Khenpo Tsültrim Gyamtso, as well as completing two three-year retreats at Kagyu Thubten Chöling, New York. Elizabeth specializes in translating texts related to mahāmudrā and esoteric tantric commentaries. Her most recent publication is Dakpo Tashi Namgyal’s ''Moonbeams of Mahāmudrā'' (''Phyag chen zla ba’i ‘od zer'') and the Ninth Karmapa’s ''Dispelling the Darkness of Ignorance'' (''Ma rig mun sel''). Elizabeth is also the director of advanced study scholarships at Tsadra Foundation and is the executive director of [http://www.ktgrinpoche.org/marpa-network/marpa-foundation Marpa Foundation]. '''Current Projects as a Tsadra Foundation Fellow:'''*''The Treasury of Precious Instructions: Essential Teachings of the Eight Practice Lineages of the Tibetan Buddhism, Vol. 7 & 8'' – Marpa Kagyu Tradition, various authors collected by Jamgön Kongtrul.'''Completed Projects as a Tsadra Foundation Fellow:'''*''The Treasury of Knowledge: Book VI, Part 3; Frameworks of Buddhist Philosophy'', Jamgön Kongtrul*''The Profound Inner Principles'', Karmapa Rangjung Dorje, with commentary by Jamgön Kongtrul*''Moonbeams of Mahāmudrā'', Dakpo Tashi Namgyal, with ''Dispelling the Darkness of Ignorance'' by Wangchuk Dorje, the Ninth Karmapa'''Previously Published Translations:''' *''Mahamudra: Ocean of Definitive Meaning'', the Ninth Karmapa, Wangchuk Dorje [http://www.tsadra.org/translators/elizabeth-callahan/ Source: Tsadra.org]/translators/elizabeth-callahan/ Source: Tsadra.org])
Pearlman, E. + (Ellen Pearlman has been a Buddhist practit … Ellen Pearlman has been a Buddhist practitioner for over 30 years under Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche and has studied with Buddhist teachers in India, Sikhim, Burma, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Europe, Latin America, and North America. She lives in Brooklyn, New York. Source: ([https://www.scribd.com/author/229965933/Ellen-Pearlman# SCRIBD])/author/229965933/Ellen-Pearlman# SCRIBD]))
O'Hagan, E. + (Emer O’Hagan is Associate Professor at the … Emer O’Hagan is Associate Professor at the University of Saskatchewan. Her primary interests include the role of self-knowledge in moral agency and moral development, constitutivism in metaethics, and Kantian ethics. Some of her recentpublications include "Self-Knowledge and the Development of Virtue," in N. Birondo and S. Braun (eds.), ''Virtue's Reasons: New Essays on Virtue, Character, and Reasons'' (Routledge, 2017); "Shmagents, Realism and Constitutivism AboutRational Norms," in ''The Journal of Value Inquiry'' 2014; "Self-Knowledge and Moral Stupidity," in ''Ratio'' 2012; and "Animals, Agency, and Obligation in Kantian Ethics," in ''Social Theory and Practice'' 2009. (Source: [https://research.tsadra.org/index.php/Ethics_without_Self,_Dharma_without_Atman Ethics without Self, Dharma without Atman])thics without Self, Dharma without Atman]))
Martinez-Melis, N. + (Emeritus Professor at the Autonomous Unive … Emeritus Professor at the Autonomous University of Barcelona, PhD in Translation Theory. Since 1998, she has been practicing meditation in the tradition of Tibetan Buddhism and regularly conducts both group and individual retreats. She has performed accompaniment in the hospital and at home. She has participated in several training seminars on accompaniment in illness and end of life. Since 2010 she has coordinated seminars on suffering, illness and death, including "Viure la pròpia mort i la dels altres" of the CCEB. ([https://www.anitya.es/quienes-somos/ Source Accessed Jan 19, 2021])enes-somos/ Source Accessed Jan 19, 2021]))
McRae, E. + (Emily McRae is an Assistant Professor of P … Emily McRae is an Assistant Professor of Philosophy at the University of New Mexico. She specializes in Tibetan Buddhist philosophy, ethics, moral psychology, and feminism. She has published articles on issues in comparative moral psychologyin both Western and Asian philosophical journals and volumes, including ''American Philosophy Quarterly'', ''History of Philosophy Quarterly'', ''Journal of Religious Ethics'', ''Philosophy East and West'', and ''The Oxford Handbook of Buddhist Ethics''. Her translation, with Jay Garfield, of the nineteenth-century Tibetan master Patrul Rinpoche's ''Essential Jewel of Holy Practice'' has been published by Wisdom Publications (2017). She has also coedited, with Dr. George Yancy, a volume entitled ''Buddhism and Whiteness: Critical Reflections'' (Lexington Books, 2019). (Adapted from Source: [https://research.tsadra.org/index.php/Ethics_without_Self,_Dharma_without_Atman Ethics without Self, Dharma without Atman])thics without Self, Dharma without Atman]))
Martin, E. + (Emma Martin is Lecturer in Museology at th … Emma Martin is Lecturer in Museology at the University of Manchester and Head of Ethnology at the National Museums in Liverpool, UK. She received her doctorate from the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London in 2014 for her thesis, “Charles Bell’s collection of ‘curios:’ Negotiating Tibetan material culture on the Anglo-Tibetan borderlands, 1900–1945.” ([https://heiup.uni-heidelberg.de/journals/index.php/transcultural/article/view/23538 Source Accessed Mar 8, 2023])e/view/23538 Source Accessed Mar 8, 2023]))
Kanakura, E. + (Ensho Kanakura was born in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. After graduating from Tokyo University (1920) Ensho Kanakura began studying Indian philosophy and the doctrines of Buddhism. He was a professor of Tohoku University.)
Lo Bue, E. + (Erberto Lo Bue obtained a Ph.D in Tibetan … Erberto Lo Bue obtained a Ph.D in Tibetan Studies at the School of Oriental and AfricanStudies (University of London) and became Associate Professor at Bologna University, where he taught the history of Indian and Central Asian art, and classical Tibetan. From 1972 he carried out research in Nepal, India and Tibet, his fieldwork in Ladakh starting in 1978 and continuing in 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2005. Most of his over 190 publications are related to Tibetan, Newar and Indian religious art. (Art and Architecture in Ladakh, list of contributors, vii)ture in Ladakh, list of contributors, vii))
Greene, E. + (Eric Greene is Assistant Professor of Reli … Eric Greene is Assistant Professor of Religious Studies. He received his B.A. in Mathematics from Berkeley in 1998, followed by his M.A. (Asian Studies) and Ph.D. (Buddhist Studies) in 2012. He specializes in the history of medieval Chinese Buddhism, particularly the emergence of Chinese forms of Buddhism from the interaction between Indian Buddhism and indigenous Chinese culture. Much of his recent research has focused on Buddhist meditation practices, including the history of the transmission on Indian meditation practices to China, the development of distinctly Chinese forms of Buddhist meditation, and Buddhist rituals of confession and atonement. He is currently writing a book on the uses of meditative visionary experience as evidence of sanctity within early Chinese Buddhism. In addition to these topics, he has published articles on the early history of Chan (Zen) Buddhism, Buddhist paintings from the Silk Roads, and the influence of modern psychological terminology on the Western interpretation of Buddhism. He is also presently working on a new project concerning the practice of translation - from Indian languages to Chinese - in early Chinese Buddhism. He teaches undergraduate classes on Buddhism in East Asia, Zen Buddhism, ritual in East Asian Buddhism, and mysticism and meditation in Buddhism and East Asia, and graduate seminars on Chinese Buddhist studies and Chinese Buddhist texts. After completing his Ph.D. in 2012, Eric took a position at the University of Bristol (UK), where he taught East Asian Religions until coming to Yale in 2015. ([https://religiousstudies.yale.edu/people/eric-greene Source Accessed July 21, 2020])ed July 21, 2020]))
Huntington, E. + (Eric Huntington is currently a fellow at t … Eric Huntington is currently a fellow at the Chao Center for Asian Studies at Rice University and previously held a postdoctoral fellow in the Ho Center for Buddhist Studies at Stanford University. He is the author of Creating the Universe: Depictions of the Cosmos in Himalayan Buddhism (University of Washington, 2018), which exposes the complex cosmological thinking behind many different examples of Buddhist literature, ritual, art, and architecture. His current research investigates new approaches to Buddhist visual and material cultures. He has also published articles on the role of illustrations in ritual manuscripts and visual, spatial, and temporal understandings of tantric mandalas. Prior to joining Stanford, he served as a Cotsen Postdoctoral Fellow in the Society of Fellows at Princeton University and received his PhD from the University of Chicago. (Source: [https://erichuntington.org/ Personal Website])s://erichuntington.org/ Personal Website]))
Haynie, E. + (Eric came to Santa Clara University with o … Eric came to Santa Clara University with over a decade of experience in higher education. Eric received his PhD in Buddhist Studies from the University of Michigan, where he taught Buddhist and Asian Studies courses, worked with faculty on integrating technology into their teaching, and facilitated interdisciplinary workshops. He also received his M.A. in Religious Studies at the University of Colorado, where he taught religion courses, and his B.A. in Religious Studies from Occidental College. At SCU, Eric coordinates instructional technology support and trainings, and works with faculty in digital media assignment collaborations, course design consultations, and in Technology and Teaching Workshops. ([https://www.scu.edu/is/academic-technology/about-us/staff-profiles/haynie.html Source Accessed April 24, 2023])ynie.html Source Accessed April 24, 2023]))
Frauwallner, E. + (Erich Frauwallner studied classical philol … Erich Frauwallner studied classical philology and Sanskrit philology in Vienna. He taught Indology from 1928-29 at the University of Vienna. His primary interest was Buddhist logic and epistemology, and later Indian Brahmanic philosophy, with close attention to primary source texts.In 1938 Frauwallner joined the Department of Indian and Iranian philosophy at the Oriental Institute after its Jewish director, Bernhard Geiger, was forced out. Frauwallner became director in 1942. He was called up for military service in 1943 but did not serve, continuing to teach until 1945 when he lost his position due to his Nazi Party membership (dating to 1932). In 1951, after a review, he was reinstated. In 1955 the Institute for Indology founded, which he chaired, becoming a full professor in 1960.Donald S. Lopez, Jr., professor of Buddhist and Tibetan Studies at the University of Michigan, called Frauwallner "one of the great Buddhist scholars of this [the twentieth] century." ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Frauwallner Source Accessed Jun 11, 2019])Frauwallner Source Accessed Jun 11, 2019]))
Curren, E. + (Erik Curren has worked for a decade in the … Erik Curren has worked for a decade in the solar power industry while writing about energy, climate change and U.S. history. His previous books include "The Solar Patriot: A Citizen's Guide to Helping America Win Clean Energy Independence." His work aims to draw inspiration and lessons for success today from stories of people in the past who fought with courage and conscience to solve the biggest problems facing America and the world. ([https://www.audible.com/author/Erik-D-Curren/B0719W2748 Source Accessed Nov 30, 2023])/B0719W2748 Source Accessed Nov 30, 2023]))
Hoogcarspel, E. + (Erik Hoogcarspel (1946) studied contempora … Erik Hoogcarspel (1946) studied contemporary continental philosophy in Groningen, founded a Buddhist meditation center and studied Asian philosophies and religions. He taught Hinduism at Radboud University in Nijmegen.During his work as a teacher and teacher he wrote textbooks for his students and columns. Among other things, he translated Nāgārjuna's ''Principles of the Philosophy of the Middle'' from Sanskrit and edited the anthology ''The Great Way to Light'', a selection from the literature of Mahayana Buddhism, and wrote ''The Buddha Phenomenon'' . . . . He practices meditation and Taijiquan. ([https://wijsheidsweb.nl/auteurs/erik-hoogcarspel/ Adapted from Source Mar 23, 2021])arspel/ Adapted from Source Mar 23, 2021]))
Kunsang, E. + (Erik Pema Kunsang is one of the most highl … Erik Pema Kunsang is one of the most highly regarded Tibetan translators and interpreters today. Erik has been the assistant and translator for [[Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche]] and his sons since the late 1970s. He has translated and edited over fifty volumes of Tibetan texts and oral teachings, and was one of the founding directors of [[Rangjung Yeshe Publications]]. ([http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Erik_Pema_Kunsang Source Accessed Jul 24, 2020])ema_Kunsang Source Accessed Jul 24, 2020]))
Zürcher, E. + (Erik Zürcher was a Dutch Sinologist. From … Erik Zürcher was a Dutch Sinologist. From 1962 to 1993, Zürcher was a professor of history of East Asia at the Leiden University. He was also Director of the Sinological Institute, between 1975 and 1990. His Chinese name was Xǔ Lǐhe (许理和).He studied Sinology, Buddhism, specializing in Chinese religions. In 1959, his PhD was over The Buddhist Conquest of China. In 1962 he became professor of history of East Asia, particularly the Chinese Buddhism, Chinese reactions to the Christianity and early relations between China and the outside world.He was a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences since 1975 and Associate of the Academie des Belles Lettres et des Incriptions of the Institut de France. He was also awarded the Medal of Honor for Art and Science in the Order of the House of Orange and made a Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion.His son Erik-Jan Zürcher (born 1953) is a professor of Turkish languages and cultures at the University of Leiden and former director of the International Institute of Social History. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_Z%C3%BCrcher Source Accessed Jan 20, 2020])%C3%BCrcher Source Accessed Jan 20, 2020]))
Leumann, E. + (Ernst Leumann (11 April 1859 – 24 April 19 … Ernst Leumann (11 April 1859 – 24 April 1931) was a Swiss jainologist, pioneer of the research of Jainism and Turkestan languages whose work is in consideration even today. His studies on linguistics in Zürich and Geneva and of Sanskrit in Leipzig and Berlin were followed by his doctorate in 1881 in Strasbourg. His dissertation was "Etymological Dictionary of the Sanskrit Language." ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Leumann Source Accessed Apr 23, 2022])nst_Leumann Source Accessed Apr 23, 2022]))
Steinkellner, E. + (Ernst Steinkellner (born 1937) studied Ind … Ernst Steinkellner (born 1937) studied Indian philosophy at the University of Vienna under Erich Frauwallner. After a research stay at the University of Pennsylvania (1971–1973), he founded the Department of South Asian, Tibetan and Buddhist Studies at the University of Vienna, which he headed until the year 2000. He has been involved in projects at the IKGA and its predecessor institutions since 1986. At the beginning of 1998 he succeeded Gerhard Oberhammer as the director of the IKGA, holding this position until 2006. In 2008 Ernst Steinkellner received the Ludwig Wittgenstein Prize of the Austrian Research Association.Most of the projects at the IKGA that Steinkellner initiated and worked on are related to the logico-epistemological tradition of Buddhism. The documentation of this philosophical school dating from the 5th c. CE, especially the works of Dharmakīrti (6th–7th c. CE), represent Steinkellner's most important scholarly achievements. In this context, Steinkellner further developed the historico-philological methods of textual criticism as first introduced by Frauwallner. Steinkellner's interest in the logico-epistemological tradition later led him to doing work on Tibet, where the Buddhist schools of thought within his field of interest are still alive today.Thanks to Steinkellner, in 2004 the IKGA began to have access to certain photocopies of manuscripts held by the China Tibetology Research Center (CTRC) in Beijing. This has made it possible to undertake critical editions of the most important Sanskrit texts in this collection, texts that until 2004 had only been accessible in their Tibetan or Chinese translations. The results of this co-operation are being published in a series founded specially for this purpose, the STTAR. ([https://www.oeaw.ac.at/en/ikga/institute/former-directors#c109344 Source Accessed Jan 8, 2021])tors#c109344 Source Accessed Jan 8, 2021]))
Waldschmidt, E. + (Ernst Waldschmidt (July 15, 1897, Lünen, P … Ernst Waldschmidt (July 15, 1897, Lünen, Province of Westphalia – February 25, 1985, Göttingen) was a German orientalist and Indologist. He was a pupil of German indologist Emil Sieg. He taught at Berlin University and began teaching at the University of Göttingen in 1936. Waldschmidt joined the Nazi party in May 1937 and became a member of the National Socialist German Lecturers League in 1939. He was a specialist on Indian philosophy, and archaeology of India and Central Asia. He also founded Stiftung Ernst Waldschmidt. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Waldschmidt Source Accessed May 5, 2022])_Waldschmidt Source Accessed May 5, 2022]))
Bianchi, E. + (Ester Bianchi holds a Ph.D. in ‘Indian and … Ester Bianchi holds a Ph.D. in ‘Indian and East-Asian Civilization’ from the University of Venice (co-tutorial Ph.D. received from the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Section des Sciences Religieuses of Paris). She is currently associate professor of Chinese Literature, Chinese Religions and Philosophy, and Society and Culture of China at the University of Perugia (Italy); in the past, she has also been in charge of classes of Chinese Language (modern and classical) and Sinology. She is external associated researcher of the Groupe Sociétés, Religions, Laïcités CNRS-EPHE (2012-) and, together with Daniela Campo, directs the research project “當代中國、臺灣的戒律復興 – Vinaya Revival in 20th Century China and Taiwan” (funded by the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange, August 2015-July 2018).Her studies focus on the religions of China, and particularly on Buddhism, both in imperial and in modern and contemporary time; her research is centered on Sino-Tibetan Buddhism, Chinese Buddhist monasticism and, more recently, the revival of Buddhist monastic discipline in China.Ester Bianchi is the author of ''The Iron Statue Monastery, Tiexiangsi: A Buddhist Nunnery of Tibetan Tradition in Contemporary China'' (Firenze 2001), of a general book on the history, practices and cultural traditions of Daoism (Milano 2009), and of the first Italian translation of the ''Gaoseng Faxian zhuan (Faxian: un pellegrino cinese nell’India del V secolo'', Perugia, 2012-13).Her main publications include the following articles: “Subtle erudition and compassionate devotion: Longlian (1909-2006), the most outstanding bhiksuni in modern China” (in D. Ownby, V. Goossaert, Ji Zhe, eds., ''Making Saints in Modern China'', Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016- 2017, pp. 272-311), “Chinese Chantings of the Names of Mañjuśrī: The ''Zhenshi ming jing'' 真實名經 in Late Imperial and Modern China” (in V. Durand-Dastès ed., ''Empreintes du Tantrisme en Chine et en Asie Orientale. Imaginaires, rituals, influences'', Leuven-Paris-Bristol: Peeters 2015, pp. 117-138), “A Religion-Oriented ‘Tibet Fever’. Tibetan Buddhist Practices Among the Han Chinese in Contemporary PRC” (in Dramdul and F. Sferra eds., ''From Mediterranean to Himalaya. A Festschrift to Commemorate the 120th Birthday of the Italian Tibetologist Giuseppe Tucci'' – 从地中海到喜马拉雅: 意大利著名藏学家朱塞佩·图齐诞辰120周年纪念文集, Beijing: China Tibetology Publishing House 2014, pp. 347-374), “Yamāntaka-Vajrabhairava in Modern China. Analysis of 20th Century Translations from Tibetan” (in G. Orofino, S. Vita eds., ''Buddhist Asia'' 2, Kyoto: Italian School of East Asian Studies 2010, pp. 99-140), “The ‘Chinese ''lama''' Nenghai (1886-1967). Doctrinal tradition and teaching strategies of a Gelukpa master in Republican China” (in M. Kapstein ed., ''Buddhism Between Tibet and China'', Boston: Wisdom Publications 2009, pp. 295-346), “Protecting Beijing: The Tibetan Image of Yamāntaka-Vajrabhairava in Late Imperial and Republican China” (in M. Esposito ed., ''Images of Tibet in the 19th and 20th Centuries'', Paris: l’École Française de l’Extrême Orient 2008, pp. 329-356), and “The Tantric Rebirth Movement in Modern China. Esoteric Buddhism re-vivified by the Japanese and Tibetan Traditions” (''Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungarica'' 57, 1, 2004, pp. 31-54). ([https://vinayarevival.com/ester-bianchi/ Source Accessed Feb 27, 2023])ival.com/ester-bianchi/ Source Accessed Feb 27, 2023]))
Mills, E. + (Ethan Mills has been Assistant Professor o … Ethan Mills has been Assistant Professor of Philosophy at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga since 2014. He specializes in Indian philosophy, Buddhist philosophy, and ancient and modern skepticism. He has published in journalsincluding ''Philosophy East and West'', ''Asian Philosophy'', ''Comparative Philosophy'', and ''The International Journal for the Study of Skepticism''. He is currently working on a book on skepticism in classical India focusing on Nāgārjuna, Jayarāśi, and Śrī Harṣa. (Source: [https://research.tsadra.org/index.php/Ethics_without_Self,_Dharma_without_Atman Ethics without Self, Dharma without Atman])thics without Self, Dharma without Atman]))
Bock, E. + (Etienne Bock is a specialist in Tibetan literature and Himalayan arts.)
Obermiller, E. + (Eugene Obermiller (1901–1935), as a Buddhi … Eugene Obermiller (1901–1935), as a Buddhist scholar, inherited the tradition of Ivan Minayev (1840-1890), the founder of Russian school of Indology and Buddhist studies through his teacher Fyodor Ippolitvich Shcherabatskoy (1866–1942), who was a pupil of Minayev. After obtaining his PhD from the University of Leningrad, he joined Academy of Sciences at Leningrad as an Under Secretary to the Director of the Bibliotheca Buddhica.His published works include the translation of Bu-ston's ''Tibetan History of Buddhism'' (1932) in two volumes. He also translated the ''Uttaratantra'' or ''Ratnagotravibhaga'' (of Maitreya Asaṅga) from Tibetan and published it in 1932. Obermiller's other important work is the Sanskrit text and Tibetan translation of the ''Abhisamayālamkara'', which he undertook as a joint venture with his teacher Shcherabatskoy and published in 1929. He also contributed papers to the ''Indian Historical Quarterly''.rs to the ''Indian Historical Quarterly''.)
Cho, E. + (Eun-su Cho (趙恩秀) is a professor of Buddhis … Eun-su Cho (趙恩秀) is a professor of Buddhist Philosophy at Seoul National University in Korea. She received her Ph.D. in Buddhist Studies from the University of California and was an assistant professor in the Department of Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Michigan before she joined SNU in 2004. Her research interests include Indian Abhidharma Buddhism, Korean Buddhist thought, and women in Buddhism. She has written articles and book chapters, including "Wŏnch’ŭk’s Place in the East Asian Buddhist Tradition," "From Buddha’s Speech to Buddha’s Essence: Philosophical Discussions of Buddha-vacana in India and China," "Re-thinking Late 19thCentury Chosŏn Buddhist Society," and "The Uses and Abuses of Wŏnhyo and the ‘T’ong Pulgyo’ Narrative." Recently her article titled “Repentance as a Bodhisattva Practice—Wŏnhyo on Guilt and Moral Responsibility” was published in ''Philosophy East & West'' (2013). She co-translated the Jikji simgyeong into English, and edited a volume ''Korean Buddhist Nuns and Laywomen – Hidden Histories and Enduring Vitality'' (SUNY Press, 2011). She was the founding director of the International Center for Korean Studies at SNU in 2007-2008, had served as the chair of the Editorial Subcommittee of the MOWCAP (Asia/Pacific Regional Committee for the Memory of the World Program) of UNESCO in 2007-2009, and was the elected president of the Korean Society for Buddhist Studies (Bulgyohak yŏn’guhoe) from 2012-2014. ([https://snu-kr.academia.edu/EunsuCho Source Accessed Nov 27, 2019])ia.edu/EunsuCho Source Accessed Nov 27, 2019]))
Dargyay, E. + (Eva K. Dargyay (born October 1 , 1937 in M … Eva K. Dargyay (born October 1 , 1937 in Munich ) is a German Tibetologist. After earning her doctorate phil. in Munich in 1974, habilitation there in 1976 (structure and change in the Tibetan village) and work as a private lecturer from 1981 to 1990 she was a professor of religious studies with a focus on Buddhism and Tibet at the University of Calgary. From 1991 to 2003 she was a professor at the University of Alberta in Edmonton. She has been living in Germany again since 2006. She was married to the Tibetologist Lobsang Dargyay (1935-1994). Tibetologist Lobsang Dargyay (1935-1994).)
Natanya, E. + (Eva Natanya is a Teacher, Translator, Scho … Eva Natanya is a Teacher, Translator, Scholar, Philosopher, and Theologian. I have studied the classical Tibetan language for over twenty years, and have translated hundreds of pages from the works of Je Tsongkhapa (1357-1419), as well as from such Gelukpa masters as Gyaltsab Je, Khedrub Je, the First Panchen Lama Lobsang Chukyi Gyaltsen, and Choney Lama Drakpa Shedrup. I also have significant experience reading and translating texts from the Great Perfection (Dzokchen) tradition of the Nyingma lineage. I care deeply about the nonsectarian (Rimé) movement in nineteenth century Tibetan history, and am committed to contemporary efforts that seek mutual understanding between the great lineages of Tibetan Buddhism. ([https://www.evanatanya.com/ Source Accessed April 23, 2024])anya.com/ Source Accessed April 23, 2024]))
Dam, E. + (Eva Van Dam is a Dutch artist and illustra … Eva Van Dam is a Dutch artist and illustrator whose work has appeared in numerous books and magazines. She has traveled extensively in Tibet and lived in Nepal for six years, studying Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhist iconography. ([https://www.shambhala.com/milarepa.html Source: Shambhala Publications])repa.html Source: Shambhala Publications]))
Thompson, E. + (Evan Thompson is a writer and professor of … Evan Thompson is a writer and professor of philosophy at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver. He works on the nature of the mind, the self, and human experience. His work combines cognitive science, philosophy of mind, phenomenology, and cross-cultural philosophy, especially Asian philosophical traditions. He is the author of ''Waking, Dreaming, Being: Self and Consciousness in Neuroscience, Meditation, and Philosophy'' (Columbia University Press, 2015); ''Mind in Life: Biology, Phenomenology, and the Sciences of Mind'' (Harvard University Press, 2007); and ''Colour Vision: A Study in Cognitive Science and the Philosophy of Perception'' (Routledge Press, 1995). He is the co-author, with Francisco J. Varela and Eleanor Rosch, of ''The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience'' (MIT Press, 1991, revised edition 2016). Evan is an Elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.Evan received his A.B. from Amherst College in 1983 in Asian Studies and his Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Toronto in 1990. He was Professor of Philosophy at the University of Toronto from 2005 to 2013, and held a Canada Research Chair in Cognitive Science and the Embodied Mind at York University from 2002 to 2005. In 2014, he was the Numata Invited Visiting Professor at the Center for Buddhist Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. He has also held invited visiting appointments at the Faculty of Philosophy, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, the Ecole Polytechnique (Paris), the Center for Subjectivity Research at the University of Copenhagen, and the Department of Philosophy at the University of Colorado, Boulder.In 2012 he co-directed, with Christian Coseru and Jay Garfield, the National Endowment for the Humanities Summer Institute on Investigating Consciousness: Buddhist and Contemporary Philosophical Perspectives, and he will again be co-director, with Coseru and Garfield, of the 2018 NEH Summer Institute on Self-Knowledge in Eastern and Western Philosophies.Evan is currently serving as the Co-Chair of the Steering Council of the Mind and Life Institute and is a member of the Dialogue and Education Working Circle of the Kalein Centre in Nelson, British Columbia.Evan is married to Rebecca Todd, a cognitive neuroscientist and psychologist. Todd is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of British Columbia and directs the Motivated Cognition Lab. ([https://evanthompson.me/biography/ Source Accessed May 20. 2021])/biography/ Source Accessed May 20. 2021]))
Arnold, Eve + (Eve Arnold was born in Philadelphia, Penns … Eve Arnold was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Russian immigrant parents. She began photographing in 1946, while working at a photo-finishing plant in New York City, and then studied photography in 1948 with Alexei Brodovitch at the New School for Social Research in New York.Arnold first became associated with Magnum Photos in 1951 and became a full member in 1957. She was based in the US during the 1950s but went to England in 1962 to put her son through school; except for a six-year interval when she worked in the US and China, she lived in the UK for the rest of her life.Her time in China led to her first major solo exhibition at the Brooklyn Museum in 1980, where she showed the resulting images. In the same year, she received the National Book Award for In China and the Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Society of Magazine Photographers.In later years, she received many other honours and awards. In 1995, she was made fellow of the Royal Photographic Society and elected Master Photographer – the world’s most prestigious photographic honour – by New York’s International Center of Photography. In 1996, she received the Kraszna-Krausz Book Award for In Retrospect. The following year she was granted honorary degrees by the University of St Andrews, Staffordshire University, and the American International University in London; she was also appointed to the advisory committee of the National Museum of Photography, Film & Television in Bradford, UK. She has had twelve books published.Eve passed away in January of 2012. ([https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/eve-arnold/ Source Accessed Feb 14, 2023])her/eve-arnold/ Source Accessed Feb 14, 2023]))
Rambelli, F. + (Fabio Rambelli is an Italian academic, aut … Fabio Rambelli is an Italian academic, author, and editor. He is a professor in the Department of Religious Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB).Fabio Rambelli was born in Ravenna, Italy. He earned a BA in Japanese language and culture from the University of Venice. In 1992, he was awarded his PhD in East Asian Studies from University of Venice and the Italian Ministry of Scientific Research. He also studied at the Oriental Institute in Naples and at the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.In 2001, Rambelli was a professor of religious studies, cultural studies, and Japanese religions at Sapporo University in Japan. At present, Rambelli holds the International Shinto Foundation Chair in Shinto Studies at UCSB. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabio_Rambelli Source Accessed April 6, 2020])o_Rambelli Source Accessed April 6, 2020]))
Torricelli, F. + (Fabrizio Torricelli spent several study st … Fabrizio Torricelli spent several study stays at the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives of Dharamsala (LTWA), India. He has been an associate member of the Italian Institute for Africa and the Orient (IsIAO) since 1996, consultant in a manuscript preservation and cataloguing project of the manuscripts preserved in the Tucci Tibetan fund of the IsIAO (1999–2004), and in the reorganization of the reference room of the IsIAO library (2003–2004). He has taught courses on Tibetan culture in the IsIAO schools (1999–2004). His research is mainly focused on the Indo-Tibetan texts providing documentary evidence of the philosophical thought and the ascetic techniques in use amongst the Buddhist siddhas in the centuries spanning from the first and the second millennium. He has recently completed a book on the Bengali siddha Tilopā, which has been published by the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives. ([https://torricellif.academia.edu/ Source Accessed October 10, 2019 and Lightly Modified]). On the 25th of February 2022 while working on Nāropā ("Regarding Nāropā. Text and English Translation of Mar pa’s"), he suddenly passed away ([https://independent.academia.edu/torricellif Source: Academia.edu]).ia.edu/torricellif Source: Academia.edu]).)
Ziporyn, B. + (Faculty Mircea Eliade Professor of Chinese … FacultyMircea Eliade Professor of Chinese Religion, Philosophy, and Comparative Thought; also in the CollegePhD (University of Michigan)Brook A. Ziporyn is a scholar of ancient and medieval Chinese religion and philosophy. Professor Ziporyn received his BA in East Asian Languages and Civilizations from the University of Chicago, and his PhD from the University of Michigan. Prior to joining the Divinity School faculty, he has taught Chinese philosophy and religion at the University of Michigan (Department of East Asian Literature and Cultures), Northwestern University (Department of Religion and Department of Philosophy), Harvard University (Department of East Asian Literature and Civilization) and the National University of Singapore (Department of Philosophy).Ziporyn is the author of ''Evil And/Or/As the Good: Omnicentric Holism, Intersubjectivity and Value Paradox in Tiantai Buddhist Thought'' (Harvard, 2000), ''The Penumbra Unbound: The Neo-Taoist Philosophy of Guo Xiang'' (SUNY Press, 2003), ''Being and Ambiguity: Philosophical Experiments With Tiantai Buddhism'' (Open Court, 2004); ''Zhuangzi: The Essential Writings with Selections from Traditional Commentaries'' (Hackett, 2009); ''Ironies of Oneness and Difference: Coherence in Early Chinese Thought''; ''Prolegomena to the Study of Li'' (SUNY Press, 2012); and ''Beyond Oneness and Difference: Li and Coherence in Chinese Buddhist Thought and its Antecedents'' (SUNY Press, 2013). His seventh book, ''Emptiness and Omnipresence: The Lotus Sutra and Tiantai Buddhism'', was published by Indiana University Press in 2016. He is currently working on a cross-cultural inquiry into the themes of death, time and perception, tentatively entitled ''Against Being Here Now'', as well as a book-length exposition of atheism as a form of religious and mystical experience in the intellectual histories of Europe, India and China. ''Zhuangzi: The Complete Writings, translated and with introduction and notes by Brook Ziporyn'' will be published in 2020. ([http://divinity.uchicago.edu/directory/brook-ziporyn Source Accessed Sep 17, 2021])ook-ziporyn Source Accessed Sep 17, 2021]))
Fahai + (Fahai. (J. Hōkai; K. Pǒphae 法海) (d.u.). In … Fahai. (J. Hōkai; K. Pǒphae 法海) (d.u.). In Chinese, "Sea of Dharma": a disciple of Huineng, the sixth patriarch (Liuzu) of the Chan zong. Fahai is said to have been the head monk of the monastery of Tafansi in Shaozhou Prefecture, where Huineng is presumed to have delivered a sermon on the "sudden" teachings(dunjiao) of the Southern school (Nan zong) of Chan. Fahai is dubiously credited with compiling the written record of this sermon, the ''Liuzu tan jing'' ("Platform Sūtra of the Sixth Patriarch"). A rather late "brief preface” (luexu) to the ''Liuzu tan jing'' is also retrospectively attributed to Fahai. The story of this figure may have been based on a monk by the same name who was affiliated with the Niutou zong of Chan. (Source: "Fahai." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 289. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))

Abhayadatta + (Famed author of the Biographies of Eighty-Four Mahasiddhas.)

Fashang + (Fashang was a teacher of Jingying Huiyuan.)
Locke, J. + (Father John Kerr Locke was one of the world’s foremost scholars of Newar Buddhism.)
Sherburne, R. + (Father Sherburne was a graduate of Marquet … Father Sherburne was a graduate of Marquette University High School and received his bachelor’s and master’s degrees in classics at Saint Louis University. He was ordained a priest at Church of the Gesu in Milwaukee on June 20, 1956, and finished his Jesuit training in Decatur, Ill.His service at the law school after retirement was his second stint working at Marquette. He taught classics, advised foreign students, and served three years as dean of students at the university earlier in his career. His interactions with foreign students instilled an interest in Asian culture and Eastern religions. He left Marquette in 1968 and spent a year in Darjeeling, India, living and studying with Canadian Jesuits. Father Sherburne received a second master’s degree and his doctorate at the University of Washington in Seattle. Beginning in 1977, he taught religious studies at Seattle University, where he retired in 1996.His published works include a 300-page annotated translation of the Tibetan texts of Atisha, an 11th-century Buddhist teacher. He also worked with Nancy Moore Gettelman, a friend of his when both worked at Marquette during the 1960s, on a series of videos, “Bhutan: A Himilayan Cultural Diary.” ([https://www.jesuitsmidwest.org/memoriam/richard-f-sherburne-father/ Source Accessed May 12, 2021])rne-father/ Source Accessed May 12, 2021]))
Fazang + (Fazang is Zhiyan’s most accomplished and i … Fazang is Zhiyan’s most accomplished and influential student, and became the third patriarch of Huayan. He is responsible for systematizing and extending Zhiyan’s teaching, and for securing the prominence of Huayan-style Buddhism at the imperial court. He is known especially for his definitive commentaries on the ''Avatamsaka Sutra'' and ''Awakening of Faith in Mahayana'', and for making Huayan doctrines accessible to laity with familiar technologies such as mirror halls and wood-block printing. These contributions support the traditional regard for Fazang as the third patriarch of the Huayan School.Fazang’s ancestors came from Sogdiana (a center for trade along the Silk Road, located in what is now parts of Uzbekistan and Tajikestan), but he was born in the Tang dynasty capital of Chang’an (now Xi’an), where his family had become culturally Chinese. Fazang was a fervently religious adolescent. Following a then-popular custom that took self-immolation as a sign of religious devotion, Fazang burned his fingers before a stupa at the age of 16. After becoming a monk, he assisted Xuanzang—famous for his pilgrimage to India—in translating Buddhist works from Sanskrit into Chinese. Fazang had doctrinal differences with Xuanzang, though, so he later became a disciple of Zhiyan, probably around 663 CE.Zhiyan’s access to the imperial court gave Fazang access to Empress Wu, with whom he quickly gained favor. He undertook a variety of public services, such as performing rain-prayer rituals and collaborating in various translation projects. He traveled throughout northern China, teaching the ''Avatamsaka Sutra'' and debating Daoists. He intervened in a 697 military confrontation with the Khitans, gaining further favor when Empress Wu ascribed to his ritual services an instrumental role in suppressing the rebellion. In addition, Fazang provided information to undermine plots by some of the empress’ advisors to secure power after her death. This secured Fazang’s status—and the prominence of Huayan teachings—with subsequent rulers. ([https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/buddhism-huayan/#Faza643712 Source Accessed Jan 28, 2020])#Faza643712 Source Accessed Jan 28, 2020]))
Chung, F. + (Felin Chung is a graduate of Rangjung Yeshe Institute's Translator Training Program (TTP). She is a member of the Dharmachakra Translation Committee.)
Zikai, F. + (Feng Zikai (simplified Chinese: 丰子恺; tradi … Feng Zikai (simplified Chinese: 丰子恺; traditional Chinese: 豐子愷; pinyin: Fēng Zǐkǎi; November 9, 1898 – September 15, 1975) was an influential Chinese painter, pioneering manhua (漫画) artist, essayist, and lay Buddhist of 20th-century China. Born just after the First Sino-Japanese War and dying just before the end of the Cultural Revolution, he lived through much of the political and socioeconomic turmoil during the birth of modern China. Much of his literary and artistic work comments on and records the relationship between the changing political landscape and ordinary people's daily lives. Although most famous for his paintings depicting children and the multi-volume collection of Buddhist-inspired art ''Paintings for the Preservation of Life'' (护生画集), Feng was a prolific artist, writer, and intellectual who made strides in the fields of music, art, literature, philosophy, and translation. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feng_Zikai Source Accessed July 21, 2023])Feng_Zikai Source Accessed July 21, 2023]))
Brambilla, F. + (Filippo Brambilla is a PhD candidate at th … Filippo Brambilla is a PhD candidate at the Department of South Asian, Tibetan and Buddhist Studies of the University of Vienna. He is currently writing his dissertation on Tshogs gnyis rgya mtsho (1880–1940), a late Jo nang scholar whose philosophical works are characterized by a distinctive approach that reconciles typically rang stong positions with more orthodox Jo nang views. Filippo’s PhD thesis will include a complete edition and translation of Tshogs gnyis rgya mtsho’s Illuminating Light (''Rab gsal snang''). Recently, Filippo also started working as a researcher in the FWF funded project “Emptiness of Other (gZhan stong) in the Early Jo nang Tradition.” He holds a BA and an MA in Languages and Cultures of Eastern Asia, with specialization in Chinese language and culture, from Ca’ Foscari University of Venice. Filippo has also spent long periods of study and research in China and Eastern Tibet. (Source: [https://conference.tsadra.org/session/empty-of-true-existence-yet-full-of-qualities-tshogs-gnyis-rgya-mtsho-1880-1940-on-buddha-nature/ Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia])ddha-nature/ Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia]))
Rizzi, F. + (Fiorella Rizzi has been a student of Buddh … Fiorella Rizzi has been a student of Buddhism since 1980, when she met the late Geshe Yeshe Tobden. Since 1997, she has been translating and editing texts on Buddhist philosophy and practice and is the founder of the nonprofit cultural association La Ruota del Dharma. She lives in Pomaia, Italy. (Source: [http://authors.simonandschuster.com/Fiorella-Rizzi/451426178 Wisdom Publications])ella-Rizzi/451426178 Wisdom Publications]))
Sutton, F. + (Floring Giripescu Sutton was Assistant Professor of Oriental Philosophy at Rutgers University.)
Keizan + (Following Dogen Zenji, the Dharma lamp was … Following Dogen Zenji, the Dharma lamp was transmitted to Ejo Zenji, then to Gikai Zenji, and then to Keizan Zenji, who was the fourth ancestor in the Japanese Soto Zen lineage.Keizan Zenji was born in 1264 in Echizen Province, which is present-day Fukui Prefecture. His mother, Ekan Daishi, was a devoted believer in Kannon Bosatsu (Avalokiteshvara), the bodhisattva of compassion. It is said that she was on her way to worship at a building dedicated to Kannon when she gave birth. For that reason, the name that Keizan Zenji was given at birth was Gyosho.At the age of eight, he shaved his head and entered Eiheiji where he began his practice under the third abbot, Gikai Zenji. At the age of thirteen, he again went to live at Eiheiji and was officially ordained as a monk under Ejo Zenji. Following the death of Ejo Zenji, he practiced under Jakuen Zenji at Hokyoji, located in present-day Fukui. Spotting Keizan Zenji’s potential ability to lead the monks, Jakuen Zenji selected him to be ino, the monk in charge of the other monks’ practice.In contrast to Dogen Zenji, who deeply explored the internal self, Keizan Zenji stood out with his ability to look outwards and boldly spread the teaching. For the Soto Zen School, the teachings of these two founders are closely connected with each other. In spreading the Way of Buddha widely, one of them was internal in his approach while the other was external.After more years of practice in Kyoto and Yura, Keizan Zenji became resident priest of Jomanji in Awa, which is present-day Tokushima Prefecture. He was twenty-seven years old. During the next four years, he gave the Buddhist precepts to more than seventy lay people. From this we can understand Keizan Zenji’s vow to free all sentient beings through teaching and transmitting the Way.He also came forth emphasizing the equality of men and women. He actively promoted his women disciples to become resident priests. At a time when women were unjustly marginalized, this was truly groundbreaking. This is thought to be the origin of the organization of Soto Zen School nuns and it was for this reason many women took refuge in Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha.Keizan Zenji finally moved back to Daijoji, in present-day Kanazawa City, where he became the second abbot, following Gikai Zenji. It was here that he gave teisho on Transmission of Light (Denkoroku). This book explains the circumstances by which the Dharma was transmitted from Shakyamuni Buddha through the twenty eight ancestors in India, the twenty three patriarchs in China, through Dogen Zenji and Keizan Zenji in Japan until Keizan’s teacher, Tettsu Gikai.In 1321 at the age of fifty-eight, a temple called Morookaji in Noto, which is present-day Ishikawa Prefecture, was donated to Keizan Zenji and he renamed it Sojiji. This was the origin of Sojiji in Yokohama, which is, along with Eiheiji, the other Head Temple (Daihonzan) of the Soto Zen School.Keizan Zenji did not, by any means, make light of the worldly interests of ordinary people and along with the practice of zazen used prayer, ritual, and memorial services to teach. This was attractive to many people and gave them a sense of peace. For this reason, the Soto Zen School quickly expanded.Even in the Soto Zen School today, while all temples have zazen groups to serve the earnest requests of believers, they also do their best to fulfill the requests that many people have for benefiting in the everyday world, which include memorial services and funerals.Keizan Zenji died in 1325 at the age of sixty-five. In succeeding years, his disciples did a good job in taking over for him at Sojiji on the Noto Peninsula. However, that temple was lost to fire in 1898. This provided the opportunity in 1907 to move Sojiji to its present location. The former temple was rebuilt as Sojiji Soin and continues today with many supporters and believers. (Source: [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/what/Buddha_founders/dogen_zenji.html Sotozen.com])ha_founders/dogen_zenji.html Sotozen.com]))
Holmes, Katia + (Following an education in France and Ameri … Following an education in France and America, Katia Holmes gained an M.A. in political science at SciencePo in Paris and went on to gain an M.Sc. in economics at the University of Paris. Her research at this time took her to India. Following a year of lecturing at Vincennes University in Paris, in 1970 she stayed for much of a sabbatical year in Kagyu Samye Ling Tibetan Centre in Scotland, which she had visited in 1969. Based in Samye Ling and France, she has dedicated her life since then to the study and preservation of Tibetan wisdom. In 1987 she gained a pre-doctoral DEA diploma in Religious Anthropology of Asia and Africa at the EPHE, Paris. Since 1993, she has concentrated on Tibetan Medicine and has worked in close conjunction with Khenpo Troru Tsenam Rinpoche . . . Katia is the main translator and interpreter for the Tara-Rokpa College of Tibetan Medicine where she is working on a translation of the famous Fourfold Tantra . . . ([http://kagyu.org.za/harare/visiting-teachers/ken-and-katia-holmes-october-23-november-2-2013/ Source Accessed Jul 22, 2020])ber-2-2013/ Source Accessed Jul 22, 2020]))
Tanabe, G. + (For 35 years, Tanabe has been a key figure … For 35 years, Tanabe has been a key figure in Hawaiʻi in the field of religion, mainly in the area of Japanese Buddhism, focusing his efforts on educating students and doing research. He visited Japanese universities and fostered networks with the research faculty and coordinated academic symposiums such as the International Conference on the Lotus Sutra and Japanese Culture.In 1974, Tanabe received a masters of arts in Japanese from the Department of East Asian Languages at Columbia University. He then spent two years researching Buddhist philosophy and history at the University of Tokyo as a foreign research student.In 1977, he joined the faculty of the Department of Religion at UH Mānoa, where he taught religion and Buddhist philosophy for 28 years. Tanabe also served as the chair of the religion department from 1991 to 2001.In 2006, Tanabe became an emeritus professor at the university and continued his writing and lectures. That year, he also became an advisor of the Numata Center at the Bukkyō Dendō Kyōkai. In 2001, following the Ehime Maru incident, Tanabe assisted and advised the American side on issues of varying sensitivities involving Japan culture and religion.Among his published titles are ''Japanese Buddhist Temples in Hawaiʻi: An Illustrated Guide'', which he wrote and researched with his wife Willa Tanabe, and ''Practically Religious: Worldly Benefits and the Common Religion of Japan'', co-authored with Ian Reader. He is also general editor for the Topics in Contemporary Buddhism series. ([https://www.hawaii.edu/news/2014/01/30/emeritus-professor-george-tanabe-receives-order-of-the-rising-sun/ Source Accessed June 2, 2023])rising-sun/ Source Accessed June 2, 2023]))
Handrick, D. + (For six months each year, Don Handrick ser … For six months each year, Don Handrick serves as the resident teacher at Thubten Norbu Ling, in Santa Fe, NM, a center affiliated with the Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition (FPMT). During that time, he also teaches at Ksitigarbha Tibetan Buddhist Center in Taos, NM, and volunteers for the Liberation Prison Project, teaching Buddhism once a month at a local prison. Since 2012 he has been an active member of the Interfaith Leadership Alliance of Santa Fe. Don spends the other half of each year as a touring teacher for the FPMT, visiting centers around the world. In 2015, Don had the honor of being selected to lead the renowned November Course, a one month teaching and meditation retreat held annually at Kopan Monastery in Kathmandu, Nepal. Don's study of Buddhism began in 1993 after reading The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying by Sogyal Rinpoche. Over the next two years he practiced with Sogyal Rinpoche's organization, until he began attending classes in 1996 with Venerable Robina Courtin at Tse Chen Ling in San Francisco. Don left the Bay Area in 1998 to attend the FPMT's Masters Program of Buddhist Studies in Sutra and Tantra, a seven-year residential study program conducted at Lama Tzong Khapa Institute in Tuscany, Italy, taught by the scholar and kind Spiritual Friend, Geshe Jampa Gyatso. He successfully completed all five subjects of this program in 2004, receiving an FPMT final certificate with high honors. Don then moved to Santa Fe, serving as the Spiritual Program Coordinator for Thubten Norbu Ling before being appointed resident teacher in 2006. Don has received teachings from many esteemed lamas in the Tibetan Buddhist tradition including His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Lama Zopa Rinpoche, Ribur Rinpoche, Choden Rinpoche, and Khensur Jampa Tegchok. ([https://www.donhandrick.com/about Source Accessed Nov 12, 2020]) Khensur Jampa Tegchok. ([https://www.donhandrick.com/about Source Accessed Nov 12, 2020]))
Rotman, A. + (For the last 25 years, Andy Rotman has eng … For the last 25 years, Andy Rotman has engaged in textual and ethnographic work on the role of narratives, images and markets in South Asia and the religious, social and political functions that they serve. This focus is apparent in his research on early Indian Buddhism, South Asian media and the modern economies of the North Indian bazaar.His recent publications include ''Amar Akbar Anthony: Bollywood, Brotherhood, and the Nation'' (Harvard University Press, 2015), co-written with William Elison and Christian Novetzke, which offers a multiperspectival exegesis of one of India’s most popular films; ''Thus Have I Seen: Visualizing Faith in Early Indian Buddhism'' (Oxford University Press, 2009), which considers the construction of faith as a visual practice in Buddhism, and how seeing and believing function as part of intersecting visual and moral systems; and ''Divine Stories: Translations from the Divyāvadāna, part 1'' (Wisdom Publications, 2008), the first half of a two-part translation of an important collection of ancient Buddhist narratives. This volume inaugurated a new translation series from Wisdom Publications called Classics of Indian Buddhism, of which he is also the chief editor. The second volume, ''Divine Stories: Translations from the Divyāvadāna, part 2'', was published with Wisdom Publications in 2017.Rotman's current research focuses on two book projects, both of which explore the intersection of religion and the market, and the role of mercantilism in creating and resisting moral worlds: (1) ''Bazaar Religion: Marketing and Moral Economics in Modern India'' (Harvard University Press, under contract), a longitudinal study of the main bazaars in Varanasi, which examines the moral economy behind the objective economy of visible transactions and the ways that it creates, mediates and sacralizes various moods and modes of behavior; and (2) ''Saving the World through Commerce? Buddhists, Merchants, and Mercantilism in Early India'', which chronicles the close relationship that Buddhism had with merchants and mercantilism in the early centuries of the Common Era, and how the market left its imprint on the foundations of Buddhism, particularly on Buddhist conceptions of morality.Rotman's courses are concerned with South Asian religion, both premodern and modern, and though he believes that religious studies offer an important heuristic for penetrating the complexities of many social phenomena, he likes to teach materials from a variety of disciplines as a way of triangulating issues. He was trained to examine problems as a scholar of religion and as a philologist, anthropologist and cultural historian, and he trains his students to do the same. Rotman also likes to use nontraditional media in the classroom, such as chromolithographs, advertisements, video archives and devotional recordings to offer insight into under-represented aspects of South Asian religious life, contextualize traditional materials and animate discussions. ([https://www.smith.edu/academics/faculty/andy-rotman Source Accessed July 28, 2021])ndy-rotman Source Accessed July 28, 2021]))
Chaoul, M. + (Founding Director – Jung Center’s Mind Bod … Founding Director – Jung Center’s Mind Body Spirit Institute Adjunct Faculty – Integrative Medicine Program Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation & Integrative Medicine MD Anderson Cancer Center Adjunct Faculty – McGovern Center for Humanities and Ethics McGovern Medical School, UT Health Instructor – Rice University Glasscock School of Continuing Studies, aster of Liberal Studies program Instructor – University of Maryland, Baltimore, Masters in Integrative MedicineDr. Chaoul is the Huffington Foundation Endowed Director of the Mind Body Spirit Institute at the Jung Center of Houston, bringing a new approach for helping healthcare professionals flourish by reducing stress and burnout, and improving health, resilience and nourish the human spirit.He holds a PhD in Tibetan religions from Rice University, and has studied in the Tibetan tradition since 1989, and for almost 30 years with Yongdzin Tenzin Namdak and Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche, completing the 7-year training at Ligmincha Institute in 2000, and also training in Triten Norbutse monastery in Nepal and Menri monastery in India.Alejandro is a Senior Teacher of The 3 Doors, an international organization founded by Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche with the goal of transforming lives through meditation, and since 1995, he has been teaching meditation classes and Tibetan Yoga (Tsa Lung & Trul Khor) workshops nationally and internationally under the auspices of Ligmincha International.In 1999 he began teaching these techniques at the Integrative Medicine Program of the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, TX, where he holds an adjunct faculty position and for the last twenty years has conducted research on the effect of these practices in people with cancer and their caregivers. He is also an adjunct faculty member at The University of Texas’ McGovern Center for Humanities and Ethics, where he teaches medical students in the areas of spirituality, complementary and integrative medicine, and end-of-life care. In addition he is an Instructor at Rice University’s Glasscock School of Continuing Studies Master of Liberal Studies program and an at The University of Maryland, Baltimore, Masters in Integrative Medicine.In addition, he is an advisor to The Rothko Chapel and past board member of The Boniuk Center for Religious Tolerance at Rice University, and founding member of Compassionate Houston. His research and publications focus on mind-body practices in integrative care, examining how these practices can reduce chronic stress, anxiety and sleep disorders and improve quality of life. He is the author of ''Chod Practice in the Bon Tradition'' (SnowLion, 2009), ''Tibetan Yoga for Health and Wellbeing'' (Hay House, 2018), and ''Tibetan Yoga: Magical Movements of Body, Breath & Mind'' (Wisdom Publications, 2021). He has published in the area of religion and medicine, medical anthropology and the interface of spirituality and healing. Dr. Chaoul has been recognized as a Fellow at the Mind & Life Institute. ([https://alechaoul.com/home/about-ale/ Source Accessed Nov 27, 2023]) Institute. ([https://alechaoul.com/home/about-ale/ Source Accessed Nov 27, 2023]))
Antunes da Silva, J. + (Fr. Da Silva was born on December 5, 1957, … Fr. Da Silva was born on December 5, 1957, at Maxial da Campo, Sarzedas in Portugal. After his primary and secondary schooling at Maxial da Campo and Tortosendo, he joined the SVD (The Society of the Divine Word) novitiate at Fátima in 1975 and made his first vows on September 26, 1976. He studied philosophy and theology at the Catholic University, Lisbon. He was ordained priest at Fátima on May 6, 1984.Fr. Da Silva was a missionary in Ghana (Kintampo) from 1986-1989. He then did his master in ‘Religion and Culture’ in Washington D.C. from 1990-1992. For the next eleven years, he was involved in Campus Ministry at Guimarães, Portugal. During this time he was also teacher at the philosophy faculty at Braga. Fr. Da Silva was the Vice provincial (POR) from 1998-2001. Before he was elected as the provincial superior in 2007, he was spiritual director of diocesan seminarians at Braga, Director of “Contacto SVD” and provincial assistant of SVD Lay Missionaries. ([https://fielsvd.wordpress.com/2012/07/11/fr-jose-antunes-da-silva-elected-as-general-council-member/ Source Accessed April 4, 2024])il-member/ Source Accessed April 4, 2024]))
Tarocco, F. + (Francesca Tarocco is Visiting Associate Pr … Francesca Tarocco is Visiting Associate Professor of Buddhist Cultures at NYU Shanghai. Prior to joining NYU Shanghai she was Lecturer in Buddhist Studies and Leverhulme Trust Research Fellow in Chinese History at the University of Manchester, UK. Tarocco’s research interests are in the cultural history of China, Chinese Buddhism, visual culture and urban Asia. Her books include ''The Cultural Practices of Modern Chinese Buddhism: Attuning the Dharma'' (Routledge, 2007 and 2011) and ''The Re-enchantment of Modernity: Buddhism, Photography and Chinese History'' (2018). Her scholarly articles include “The City and the Pagoda: Buddhist Spatial Tactics in Shanghai” (2015), “Terminology and Religious Identity: The Genealogy of the Term Zongjiao,” (2012) and “On the Market: Consumption and Material Culture in Modern Chinese Buddhism” (Religion, 2011). Tarocco is the co-founder and director of the international research initiative Shanghai Studies Society and a fellow of the Critical Collaborations network at the Institute for Advanced Study (NYU). She is the recipient of awards from the Leverhulme Trust, the Sutasoma Foundation and the Chinese Ministry of Education, among many others. Tarocco is a regular contributor of the contemporary visual culture journals ''Parkett'', ''Flash Art International'' and ''Frieze''.===Research Interests===History of Religion in China Shanghai Buddhism Buddhist Visual Culture Chinese Photography Chinese Diasporic Art Global Visual Culture ===Education===PhD, Chinese History, University of London MA, Chinese Studies, University of London MA, Chinese and Buddhist Studies, Venice University ([https://shanghai.nyu.edu/academics/faculty/directory/francesca-tarocco Source Accessed Jan 10, 2020])nghai.nyu.edu/academics/faculty/directory/francesca-tarocco Source Accessed Jan 10, 2020]))
Brassard, F. + (Francis Brassard is from Quebec, Canada. H … Francis Brassard is from Quebec, Canada. He received his PhD from McGill University in religious studies. He also studied at the Institut für Kultur und Geschichte Indiens und Tibets, Hamburg University. His research interests include Buddhist philosophy and psychology, comparative religions and philosophies, and interreligious dialogue. His book, ''The Concept of Bodhicitta in Śāntideva's Bodhicaryāvatāra'', was published by the State University of New York Press (2000). Some of his other publication titles include: "Buddhism" in A Catholic Engagement with the World Religions, Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Book (2010), “Asking the Right Question” in Asian Texts - Asian Contexts: Encountering the Philosophies and Religions of Asia., Albany: SUNY Press (2010), “On the Origin of Religious Discourse” in The Dialectics of the Religious & the Secular: Studies on the Future of Religion. Koninklijke Brill NV (2014) and “Ruđer Bošković and the Structure of the Experience of Scientific Discovery” in Cadmus, Vol. 2, 6, (May 2016). He has taught at Berry College in Rome, Georgia (USA) and Miyazaki International College in Japan. Francis Brassard is a Lecturer at RIT Croatia (Dubrovnik campus). ([https://www.linkedin.com/in/francis-brassard-50992339/ Source Accessed Jan 6, 2021])assard-50992339/ Source Accessed Jan 6, 2021]))
Cook, F. + (Francis Dojun Cook was born and raised in … Francis Dojun Cook was born and raised in a very small town in upstate New York in 1930. He was lucky to be an ordinary kid with ordinary parents. By means of true grit and luck, he managed to acquire several academic degrees and learn something about Buddhism. More luck in the form of a Fulbright Fellowship enabled him to study in Kyoto, Japan, for a year and a half, where he would have learned more had he not spent so much time admiring temple gardens. He now teaches Buddhism at the University of California, Riverside, and is director of translations at the Institute for Transcultural Studies in Los Angeles. He remains ordinary, but to his credit it can be said that he raised four good kids, has a great love for animals, and cooks pretty well. A sign that at last he is becoming more intelligent is that he became a student of Maezumi Roshi several years ago, the best thing he ever did. He is also the author of ''Hua-yen Buddhism: The Jewel Net of Indra'', and of various articles on Buddhism in scholarly journals. ([https://wisdomexperience.org/content-author/francis-dojun-cook/ Source Accessed Mar 18, 2021])dojun-cook/ Source Accessed Mar 18, 2021]))
Cleaves, F. + (Francis Woodman Cleaves (born in Boston in … Francis Woodman Cleaves (born in Boston in 1911 and died in New Hampshire on December 31, 1995) was a Sinologist, linguist, and historian who taught at Harvard University, and was the founder of Sino-Mongolian studies in America. He is well known for his translation of ''The Secret History of the Mongols''.Cleaves received his undergraduate degree in Classics from Dartmouth College, and then enrolled in the graduate program in Comparative Philology at Harvard, but transferred to the study of Far Eastern Languages under Serge Elisséeff in the mid-1930s, prior to the formal establishment of the department.In 1935, on a fellowship from the Harvard-Yenching Institute, Cleaves went first to Paris, where he studied Mongolian and other Central Asian languages with the Sinologist Paul Pelliot for three years, then to Beijing where he studied with the Mongolist Antoine Mostaert S.J. Always an avid book collector, he also roamed the stalls and shops in Liulichang, the street for books and antiques. There he accumulated an extensive collection not only in Chinese and Mongolian, his own interests, but also in Manchu, which he did not plan to use himself. The books in Manchu were particularly rare and form the core of Harvard's Manchu collection.Cleaves returned to Harvard in 1941 and taught Chinese in the Department of Far Eastern Languages as well as worked on the Harvard-Yenching Institute Chinese-English dictionary project. In the following year he received his Ph.D. with a dissertation entitled “A Sino-Mongolian Inscription on 1362,” and offered Harvard’s first course on the Mongolian language. Cleaves enlisted in the United States Navy and served in the Pacific. After the war ended, he helped to relocate Japanese citizens who had lived in China back to Japan and sorted through the books they left behind to find those suitable for shipping to the Harvard-Yenching Library.In 1946, Cleaves returned to Harvard and proceeded to teach Chinese and Mongolian, without interruption, for the next thirty-five years. He is unique for being the only professor in the history of the department never to take a sabbatical. He trained his students in the traditional European sinology of his mentors. Among his best-known disciples were Joseph Fletcher, the distinguished Mongolist and historian, and Elizabeth Endicott-West, author of basic studies on the Yuan dynasty and History of Mongolia.Cleaves had an especially close relation with William Hung, a preeminent scholar who had become his friend and mentor when they met in China in the 1930s. A mutual friend recalled that Cleaves was "an old-fashioned gentleman perhaps more at home with his cows, horses, and fellow farmers in New Hampshire than with the academic intrigues of Cambridge," while Hung was a "pragmatic Confucianist." The two would meet every weekday at three to sip tea and perhaps read from the Chinese classics or dynastic histories. Cleaves introduced Hung to the Mongol histories, and Hung published several articles in this field. Hung's article on the ''Secret History of the Mongols'', however, drew conclusions which Cleaves did not feel were correct. Out of respect for his friend, Cleaves did not publish his own translation until 1985, after Hung's death.Cleaves was renowned for his meticulously annotated translations of Chinese and Old Mongolian texts, and consistently emphasized literal philological accuracy over aesthetic beauty. He published over seventy books and articles, many of which were on bilingual Sino-Mongolian stele inscriptions from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. His largest project was a complete annotated translation of the ''Secret History of the Mongols'', of which only the first volume was ever published. In order to give readers the flavor of the original, Cleaves restricted the vocabulary to words used in Elizabethan English, a decision which made the text hard for some readers to comprehend. In 1984, Paul Kahn published a translation based on Cleaves but using contemporary English.A deeply committed teacher, Cleaves reluctantly retired in 1980, and continued his scholarship on Mongolian history. Much of his work, including notes on the remaining sections of the ''Secret History'' and manuscripts for dozens of additional articles, remained unpublished at the time of his death in 1995. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Woodman_Cleaves Source Accessed Mar 12, 2021])man_Cleaves Source Accessed Mar 12, 2021]))
Villalba, D. + (Francisco Dokushō Villalba, (born November … Francisco Dokushō Villalba, (born November 8, 1956) is a Spanish Buddhist teacher. In 1984, he was the first Spaniard to be recognized as a Zen master. He was a disciple of the Japanese Zen master Taisen Deshimaru, a Zen diffuser in Europe, who ordained him a Zen Buddhist monk in 1978. Villalba became his collaborator, translating into Spanish the works by Deshimaru and was the translator of the first Spanish version of the ''Bodhicaryavatara''. After the death of his teacher in 1982, Villalba returned to Spain, where he founded several Zen centers. In the eighties he traveled to Japan to complete his training. In 1987 he received the Dharma Transmission, recognition as a Zen master and the authorization to found temples and centers from his second master, Shuyu Narita. Villalba is the founder of the Soto Zen Buddhist Community in Spain in 1989 and the Zen Buddhist Monastery Luz Serena, the first Buddhist monastery founded in Spain, where [he] usually resides. Writer, lecturer, and translator of international reputation, he has participated in numerous meetings and debates on religion and interculturality, including the Parliament of the World's Religions. ([https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dokush%C3%B4_Villalba Source Accessed Mar 22, 2021])B4_Villalba Source Accessed Mar 22, 2021]))
Kuiper, F. + (Franciscus Bernardus Jacobus Kuiper (July … Franciscus Bernardus Jacobus Kuiper (July 7, 1907 – November 14, 2003) was a distinguished scholar in Indology, and "one of the last great Indologists of the past century ... His very innovative work covers virtually all the fields of Indo-Iranian and Indo-Aryan philology, linguistics, mythology and theater, as well as Indo-European, Dravidian, Munda and Pan-Indian linguistics."Kuiper was born in The Hague, studied Latin, Greek, Sanskrit, and Indo-European linguistics at Leiden University, and in 1934 completed his doctoral thesis on the nasal presents in Sanskrit and other Indo-European languages. After [serving] years as a high school teacher of Latin and Greek at the lyceum of Batavia (Jakarta), Indonesia, in 1939 he was appointed Professor of Sanskrit at Leiden University.Kuiper was a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences between 1937 and 1939, when he resigned. He became a member again in 1948. He was a Knight in the Order of the Netherlands Lion. He died in Zeist and was buried in the Rijnhof cemetery at Leiden. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscus_Bernardus_Jacobus_Kuiper Source Accessed July 3, 2023])obus_Kuiper Source Accessed July 3, 2023]))
Schiefner, A. + (Franz Anton (von) Schiefner (Russian Антон … Franz Anton (von) Schiefner (Russian Антон Антонович Шифнер, Anton Antonovič Šifner) was a Baltic German linguist and ethnologist. He is considered one of the founders of Uralistics, Tibetology, Mongolian Studies and Caucasian Studies.Anton Schiefner was born into a Baltic German merchant family in Reval. The family had immigrated to Estonia from Bohemia . After graduating from the Knights and Cathedral School in Reval (Tallinn), he studied law at the University of St. Petersburg from 1836 to 1840 and Oriental Studies at the University of Berlin from 1840 to 1842.From 1843 Schiefner was a teacher of Latin and ancient Greek at a grammar school in Saint Petersburg, from 1863 librarian and later library director at the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. From 1852 he represented the subject of Tibetology at the Academy, of which he was an associate member from 1854 until his death. From 1860 to 1873 he simultaneously held a professorship in Latin and Greek at the Roman Catholic Seminary. In the years 1863, 1865 and 1878 he stayed in England for research purposes. In 1866 he was appointed Real Councilor of State. Schiefner was a corresponding member of the Finnish Literary Society.With numerous publications, Schiefner has made a significant contribution to research into Tibetan and Mongolian. Milestones were his editing of the New Testament in Mongolian and the translation of Buddha texts from Tibetan. In addition, Schiefner was one of the best experts on Finno-Ugric languages of his time. He is famous for his translation of the Finnish national epic ''Kalevala'' under the title ''Kalevala, the national epic of the Finns'', the first translation into the German language (1852). Between 1853 and 1862 he published the work of the young man in twelve volumes Matthias Alexander Castrén, who laid the foundation for academic study of the Finno-Ugric and Samoyedic languages of Russia. In addition, Schiefner devoted himself to the languages of the Caucasus and topics of Indology. ([https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Schiefner Source Accessed Aug 25, 2023])n_Schiefner Source Accessed Aug 25, 2023]))
Ehrhard, Franz-Karl + (Franz-Karl Ehrhard is a German Tibetologis … Franz-Karl Ehrhard is a German Tibetologist. He teaches at the University of Munich, where he is a professor at the Institute of Tibetology and Buddhist Studies. His research focuses on religious and literary traditions in Tibet and the Himalayas (Nepal, Sikkim, and Bhutan). ([https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz-Karl_Ehrhard&prev=search Source Accessed Jun 7, 2019])_Ehrhard&prev=search Source Accessed Jun 7, 2019]))
Chenique, F. + (François Chenique is a French essayist and … François Chenique is a French essayist and author of studies on esotericism. He was a professor of computer science at Sciences-Po Paris and participated in the creation of one of the first computer management services within the Society of Pont-à-Mousson. He is a specialist in classical and modern logic and has written several books on this subject. Chenique also held a doctorate in Religious Sciences from the University of Strasbourg. He devoted himself mainly to the study of Christian esotericism in the traditionalist tradition initiated by René Guénon. ([https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Chenique Source Accessed Oct 18, 2019])is_Chenique Source Accessed Oct 18, 2019]))
Jacquemart, F. + (François Jacquemart : '''This is the given name of [[Tcheuky Sèngué]]. See that page for more information.''')
Pommaret, F. + (Françoise Pommaret (born 1954) is a French … Françoise Pommaret (born 1954) is a French ethno-historian and Tibetologist.Pommaret grew up in the Congo. She received her Master of Arts in the history of art and archeology from the Sorbonne University and completed her studies in Tibetan at the Institut national des langues et civilisations orientalest (INALCO). Her doctoral thesis on "People who come back from the netherland in the Tibetan cultural areas" received the prix Delalande-Guérineau from the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres.She holds the position of Director of Research Emeritus at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) in Paris. Her work focuses on cultural anthropology in Bhutan and she has published extensively on different aspects of Bhutanese culture.[2][3]She has worked in Bhutan since 1981 and with the Bhutan Tourism Corporation between 1981 and 1986, after which she participated in educational and cultural projects in Bhutan. She has been a consultant for UNESCO as well as guest-curator for exhibitions. She lectures around the world on aspects of Bhutanese history and culture.Pommaret works as Associate Professor and adviser to the College of Language and Culture Studies (CLCS), Royal University of Bhutan and worked as scientific advisor to the Bhutan Cultural Atlas.Pommaret is also honorary consul of France in Bhutan and the president of the association of Amis du Bhoutan (friends of Bhutan, founded 1987). ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Pommaret Source Accessed Nov 14, 2023])se_Pommaret Source Accessed Nov 14, 2023]))
Pargiter, F. + (Frederick Eden Pargiter (1852 - 18 Februar … Frederick Eden Pargiter (1852 - 18 February 1927) was a British civil servant and Orientalist.Born in 1852, Pargiter was the second son of Rev. Robert Pargiter. He studied at Taunton Grammar School and Exeter College, Oxford where he passed in 1873 with a first-class in mathematics. Pargiter passed the Indian Civil Service examinations and embarked for India in 1875.Pargiter served in India from 1875 to 1906 becoming Under-Secretary to the Government of Bengal in 1885, District and Sessions Court judge in 1887 and a judge of the Calcutta High Court in 1904. Pargiter voluntarily retired in 1906 following the death of his wife and returned to the United Kingdom.Pargiter died at Oxford on 18 February 1927 in his seventy-fifth year.In his Ancient Indian Historical Tradition, taking the accession of Chandragupta Maurya in 321 BC as his reference point, Pargiter dated the Battle of Kurukshetra to 950 BC assigning an average of 14.48 years for each king mentioned in the Puranic lists. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._E._Pargiter Source Accessed Apr 16, 2022])E._Pargiter Source Accessed Apr 16, 2022]))
Thomas, F. + (Frederick William Thomas CIE FBA (21 March … Frederick William Thomas CIE FBA (21 March 1867 – 6 May 1956), usually cited as F. W. Thomas, was an English Indologist and Tibetologist.Thomas was born on 21 March 1867 in Tamworth, Staffordshire. After schooling at King Edward's School, Birmingham, he went up to Trinity College, Cambridge in 1885, graduating with a first class degree in both classics and Indian languages and being awarded a Browne medal in both 1888 and 1889. At Cambridge he studied Sanskrit under the influential Orientalist Edward Byles Cowell.He was a librarian at the India Office Library (now subsumed into the British Library) between 1898 and 1927. Simultaneously he was lecturer in comparative philology at University College, London from 1908 to 1935, Reader in Tibetan at London University from 1909 to 1937 and the Boden Professor of Sanskrit at Oxford University between 1927 and 1937, in which capacity he became a fellow of Balliol College. His students at Oxford included Harold Walter Bailey.Thomas became a Fellow of the British Academy in 1927. He died on 6 May 1956.Thomas collaborated with Jacques Bacot in publishing a collection of Old Tibetan historical texts. In addition he studied many Old Tibetan texts himself which were collected in his four-volume Tibetan literary texts and documents concerning Chinese Turkestan and Ancient folk-literature from North-Eastern Tibet. He also published a monograph on the Nam language, and wrote an unpublished work on the Zhangzhung language.His catalogues of the Tibetan manuscripts from Central Asia brought to the India Office Library by Marc Aurel Stein remained unpublished until 2007, when his catalogue of Tibetan manuscripts from Stein's third expedition was published on the website of the International Dunhuang Project. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_William_Thomas_(philologist) Source Accessed Apr 22, 2022])hilologist) Source Accessed Apr 22, 2022]))
Bosch, F. + (Frederik David Kan Bosch (Potchefstroom, T … Frederik David Kan Bosch (Potchefstroom, Transvaal, 17 June 1887 - Leiden, 20 July 1967) was an archaeological scientist and restorer of the Borobudur and Prambanan on Java from 1915 to 1936. ([https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_David_Kan_Bosch Source Accessed Sep 14, 2021])d_Kan_Bosch Source Accessed Sep 14, 2021]))
Liland, F. + (Fredrik Liland's education and work experi … Fredrik Liland's education and work experience have mainly been in the areas of culture, religion and language, and especially the topic of Buddhism. He lived in Nepal in retreat from 2014 to 2019. Prior to this, he was mostly engaged in work that involved research and dissemination. He has experience as a translator, word processor, teacher, project manager, and book and web designer. ([https://www.linkedin.com/in/fredrik-liland-b375371a7/ Adapted from Source Feb 8, 2021])75371a7/ Adapted from Source Feb 8, 2021]))
Burnouf, E. + (French Orientalist and seminal figure in t … French Orientalist and seminal figure in the development of Buddhist Studies as an academic discipline. He was born in Paris on April 8, 1801, the son of the distinguished classicist Jean-Louis Burnouf (1773–1844). He received instruction in Greek and Latin from his father and studied at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand. He entered the École des Chartes in 1822, receiving degrees in both letters and law in 1824. He then turned to the study of Sanskrit, both with his father and with Antoine Léonard de Chézy (1773–1832). In 1826, Burnouf published, in collaboration with the young Norwegian-German scholar Christian Lassen (1800–1876), ''Essai sur le pâli'' (“Essay on Pāli”). After the death of Chézy, Burnouf was appointed to succeed his teacher in the chair of Sanskrit at the Collège de France. His students included some of the greatest scholars of the day; those who would contribute to Buddhist studies included Philippe Edouard Foucaux (1811–1894) and Friedrich Max Müller. Shortly after his appointment to the chair of Sanskrit, the Société Asiatique, of which Burnouf was secretary, received a communication from Brian Houghton Hodgson, British resident at the court of Nepal, offering to send Sanskrit manuscripts of Buddhist texts to Paris. The receipt of these texts changed the direction of Burnouf's scholarship for the remainder his life. After perusing the ''Aṣtasāhasrikāprajñāpãramitā'' and the ''Lalitavistara'', he decided to translate the ''Saddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtra''. Having completed the translation, he decided to precede its publication with a series of studies. He completed only the first of these, published in 1844 as ''Introduction à l’histoire du Buddhisme indien''. This massive work is regarded as the foundational text for the academic study of Buddhism in the West. (Source: "Burnouf, Eugène." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 158. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Lévi, S. + (French Orientalist who wrote on Eastern re … French Orientalist who wrote on Eastern religion, literature, and history and is particularly noted for his dictionary of Buddhism.Appointed a lecturer at the school of higher studies in Paris (1886), he taught Sanskrit at the Sorbonne (1889–94) and wrote his doctoral dissertation, ''Le Théâtre indien'' (1890; "The Indian Theatre"), which became a standard treatise on the subject. After his appointment as professor at the Collège de France (1894–1935), he toured India and Japan (1897 and 1898) and published ''La Doctrine du sacrifice dans les Brâhmanas'' (1898; "The Doctrine of Sacrifice in the Brāhmaṇas"). Another book resulting from these travels was ''Le Népal: Étude historique d’un royaume hindou'', 3 vol. (1905–08; "Nepal: Historical Study of a Hindu Kingdom"). In ''L’Inde et le monde'' (1926; "India and the World"), he discussed India's role among nations.Subsequent travels to East Asia (1921–23) generated his major work, ''Hôbôgirin. Dictionnaire du Bouddhisme d’après les sources chinoises et japonaises'' (1929; "Hōbōgirin. Dictionary of Buddhism Based on Chinese and Japanese Sources"), produced in collaboration with the Japanese Buddhist scholar Takakusu Junjirō.Lévi also worked with the French linguist Antoine Meillet on pioneer studies of the Tocharian languages spoken in Chinese Turkistan in the 1st millennium AD. He determined the dates of texts in Tocharian B and published ''Fragments de textes koutchéens'' . . . (1933; "Fragments of Texts from Kucha"). ([https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sylvain-Levi Source Accessed Jan 29, 2020])ylvain-Levi Source Accessed Jan 29, 2020]))
Müller, M. + (Friedrich Max Müller (1823-1900), Sanskrit … Friedrich Max Müller (1823-1900), Sanskrit scholar and philologist, was a pioneer in the fields of Vedic studies, comparative philosophy, comparative mythology and comparative religion. Müller was born on 6 December 1823 in Dessau, Germany, to the popular lyric poet Willhelm Müller and his wife Adelheid, the eldest daughter of Präsident von Basedow, the prime minister of the Anhalt-Dessau duchy. [...] Müller won a scholarship allowing him to attend the University of Leipzig.In 1841, Müller entered the University of Leipzig, concentrating on the study of Latin and Greek and reading Philosophy – in particular the thought of G. F. W. Hegel. He was awarded a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1843, at the age of 19, for his dissertation, ‘On the Third Book of Spinoza’s Ethics, De Affectibus.’ Müller travelled to Berlin in 1844 to study with Friedrich Schelling, whose lectures proved to be very influential to his intellectual development. Whilst in Berlin, he was also given access to the Chambers collection of Sanskrit manuscripts. At Schelling’s request, Müller translated some of the most important passages of the Upanishads, which he understood to be the greatest outcome of Vedic literature. He emphasised the necessity of studying the ancient hymns of the Veda in order to be able to appreciate the historical growth of the Indian mind during the Vedic age. Müller was convinced that all mythological and religious theories would remain without a solid foundation until the whole of the Rig Veda had been published.Müller arrived in Paris in 1845 where he studied with the famous French Sanskrit scholar Eugene Burnouff, with whom he remained friends for many years. Burnouff encouraged Müller to undertake the preparation and publication of a full edition of the Rig Veda; this project proved to be his most significant and lasting contribution to scholarship. To further his work on the Rig Veda, Müller came to London in June 1846 to work with manuscripts in the library of the East India Company, which eventually underwrote much of the expense of printing Müller’s Rig Veda. While Müller initially came to England to spend three weeks in Oxford, he stayed in England, making it his home for the remainder of his life. He became a close friend of William Howard Russell, the famous Times correspondent, and Baron von Bunsen, the Prussian ambassador in London. Müller was visiting Paris in early 1848 when the revolution began, but he and his valuable manuscripts were able to return unscathed to England. In 1849 Oxford University Press published Müller’s first volume of the Rig Veda, the sixth and final volume of which was not published until 1874. In 1851 he was appointed Professor of Modern European Languages at Oxford and was made full professor in 1854. He became a naturalized British citizen in 1855, and he married Georgina Adelaide on 3 August 1859; their marriage produced four children.In 1860, Müller was considered for Professor of Sanskrit at Oxford. The chair has been left vacant due to the death of the previous professor, and Müller was by far the most eligible candidate. However, at this time in Oxford, candidates for professorships were elected by all those holding MA degrees from the University (mostly clergymen), and much more attention was paid to a candidate’s political and religious view than to his academic qualifications. Müller’s Christianity, which was of a liberal Lutheran variety, was brought under considerable scrutiny, and the supporters of Müller’s evangelical competitor even waged a defamation campaign against him in the press. Their efforts were successful, for the post went to the less qualified candidate. [Monier-Williams] After Müller’s bitter disappointment at being passed over for the professorship, the focus of his career shifted slightly. He continued to work on his monumental Rig Veda, but most of his time was devoted to the preparation of books and lectures on comparative philosophy and mythology written with the public in mind. He delivered a series of very popular lectures at the Royal Institution, London, on the science of language in 1861 and 1863, which were quickly published and reprinted fifteen times between 1861 and 1899. His contributions to such public discourse brought a level of recognition that considerably made up for his aforementioned disappointment, and he was generally thought to be a leading figure of public life in Victorian England.In 1868 the University of Oxford created a new Chair of Comparative Philology, and Müller became its first occupant. This new post was accompanied by a decrease of lecturing responsibilities and an increase in salary, both of which were welcome changes. After twenty-five years of service at Oxford, he formed a small society of the best Oriental scholars from Europe and India, and they began to publish a series of translations of the Sacred Books of the East. Müller devoted the last thirty years of his life to writing and lecturing on comparative religion. In 1873 he published Introduction to the Science of Religion, and he delivered lectures on the subject at the Royal Institution (1870) and Westminster Abbey (1873). In 1878 Müller inaugurated the annual Hibbert lectures on the science of religion at Westminster Abbey, and he was invited to deliver the Gifford Lectures in Natural Theology at the University of Glasgow. [...]Müller’s other important project during those years was founding and editing of a series of English translations of Indian, Arabic, Chinese and Iranian religious texts. Müller translated selections from the hymns of the Rig Veda, the Upanishads, and the Dhammapada, a Buddhist text and also contributed to The Sacred Books of the East published by Oxford University Press. By 1900, at the time of Müller’s death, forty-eight translated volumes had been published in the series, with only one volume remaining to be published. [...] [https://www.giffordlectures.org/lecturers/friedrich-max-müller Source: Gifford Lectures]ordlectures.org/lecturers/friedrich-max-müller Source: Gifford Lectures])
Weller, F. + (Friedrich Weller (born July 22, 1889 in Ma … Friedrich Weller (born July 22, 1889 in Markneukirchen, † November 19, 1980 in Leipzig) was a German philologist and Indologist. After graduating from high school, Friedrich Weller devoted himself to studying philology at the University of Leipzig before starting his work on ''Zum Lalita'' in 1915. . . . After completing his habilitation in Indology at the University of Leipzig in 1922, he was appointed private lecturer in Chinese and East Asian religious history at the Philological and Historical Department of the Faculty of Philosophy, which he completed until 1928. Immediately thereafter, Weller received the unscheduled professorship for Sanskrit , Chinese and East Asian religious history, before he took over the chair for Indian philology in 1938, which he held until his retirement in 1958. In 1933 he signed the professors' declaration of Adolf Hitler at German universities and colleges.Weller was a full member of the Saxon Academy of Sciences from 1943 to 1980. In 1955 he was awarded the GDR's second class national prize for science and technology. In recognition of his services in the field of Indology, the Friedrich Weller Prize, endowed with 2500 euros, was launched in 1985. ([https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Weller_(Philologe) Source Accessed Mar 10, 2021])(Philologe) Source Accessed Mar 10, 2021]))
Capriles-Arias, E. + (From 1993 to 2003 Elías-Manuel Capriles-Ar … From 1993 to 2003 Elías-Manuel Capriles-Arias filled the Chair of Eastern Studies at the Faculty of Humanities and Education, University of The Andes, Mérida, Venezuela (originally ascribed to the Dean’s Office and then to the Department of Philosophy). Thereafter he has been ascribed to the Center of Studies on Africa and Asia, School of History, same Faculty and University, where he teaches Philosophy and elective subjects on the problems of globalization, Buddhism, Asian Religions and Eastern Arts.Besides teaching at the University, Capriles is an instructor of Buddhism and Dzogchen certified by the Tibetan Master of these disciplines, Chögyal Namkhai Norbu; in this field, he has taught in Venezuela, Peru, Spain, Costa Rica and Chile. ([https://eliascapriles.com/ Source Accessed Apr 17, 2023])priles.com/ Source Accessed Apr 17, 2023]))
Lopez, M. + (From Academia.edu: I am a scholar of Bud … From Academia.edu: I am a scholar of Buddhism with a particular regional focus on Tibet and the Himalayas (Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan). I am an Assistant Professor of Religion at New College of Florida, where I teach courses on Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism, Buddhism in Bhutan, Buddhist Contemplative Systems, Hinduism, and Asian Religions in general.I am currently working on a research project that explores the changes in the monastic curriculum that have taken place in the Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan over the last few decades. This project is a collaboration with Prof. Dorji Gyeltshen, of the Jigme Singye Wangchuck School of Law. For our project, we are visiting monastic institutions all throughout Bhutan (monasteries and nunneries), both Drukpa Kagyu (such as Tango University) and Nyingma (such as Tamzhing Lhündrup Monastery), in order to explore the changing monastic educational landscape in the country. We are also studying this issue in the larger context of the curricular changes that have occurred all throughout the Buddhist world in the 20th century (including Tibet, China, and Taiwan). The first research trip for this project took place during the summer of 2018.I am also working on another book project under the title A Light in the Darkness: Meditation and the Construction of Tibetan Buddhism, that explores the diversity of Buddhist contemplative practices popular across Asia around the turn of the first millennia (10th century) through the life and works of the Tibetan scholar Nupchen Sangyé Yeshé. His biography presents a complex and fascinating figure (pious, but also willing to resort to violence if necessary in order to protect Buddhism) who traveled tirelessly across the continent (Nepal, India, Gilgit) in search of Buddhist teachings.Finally, I have also worked on a research project, with the working title From Suffering to Happiness: Buddhism and its transformations in the West that explores the evolution on the perception and interpretation of Buddhism in the West (from suffering to happiness) beginning with German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer’s pessimistic presentation of the tradition in his 1818 work The World as Will and Representation, to the radically different presentation of the tradition in the last two decades in works such as Dalai Lama’s 1998 book The Art of Happiness and Thich Nhat Hanh’s 2009 Happiness: Essential Mindfulness Practices. Has Buddhism changed? Or is the West reinterpreting the Buddhist tradition to suit a different existential outlook on human nature? What is the role of some Buddhist figures in this transformation? Are figures like the Dalai Lama and Thich Nhat Hanh simply applying the old Buddhist practice of Skillful Means (Skt. upāya) in their explanation of Buddhism to a Western audience, or are they dramatically changing the nature of the Buddhist doctrine as its being introduced in the West? My project explores these questions while questioning our definitions a Buddhism in particular, and religion in general.I am also interested in the intersection of religion and popular culture and write about it in a blog.I completed my undergraduate studies at the University Pompey Fabra (UPF) in Barcelona, Spain and my graduate work at the University of Virginia. I also have extensive experience studying in Asia. Between 1999 and 2001, I studied Tibetan and Chinese as well as Buddhism and Tibetan literature at Northwest Minorities University in Lanzhou (Gansu Province), and at Tibet University, in Lhasa (Tibetan Autonomous Region). In 2013, I studied and did field research for my dissertation at Minzu University of China. Between 2003 and 2009 I also worked as director and lecturer of the SIT Study Abroad Tibetan and Himalayan Studies Program, based in Kathmandu, Nepal, which allowed me to experience and study the rich diversity of the religious traditions across the Himalayas, as I lived, worked, and traveled in Northern India (Dharamsala), Nepal, Bhutan, and Tibet itself.Supervisors: Kurtis Schaeffer, David Germano, Jacob Dalton, Paul Groner, and John Shepherdcob Dalton, Paul Groner, and John Shepherd)
Sueki, F. + (Fumihiko Sueki, PhD, is a professor emerit … Fumihiko Sueki, PhD, is a professor emeritus of the University of Tokyo, the Graduate University for Advanced Studies, and the International Research Center for Japanese Studies. His research focuses mainly on reconstruction of the intellectual history of Buddhism in Japan from ancient to modern times. He is the author and editor of a number of books, mainly on Japanese Buddhism and the history of Japanese philosophy and religion. ([https://rk-world.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DW18_7-12.pdf Source Accessed Sep 17, 2021])18_7-12.pdf Source Accessed Sep 17, 2021]))
Funayama, T. + (Funayama Toru, born in 1961, is currently … Funayama Toru, born in 1961, is currently a professor of Buddhist studies at Institute for Research in Humanities, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. His research mainly covers two different areas in the history of Buddhism. One is Chinese Buddhism from the fifth–seventh centuries, a period from the late Six Dynasties period up to early Tang; his focuses are on the formation of Chinese Buddhist translation and apocrypha, spread of the notion of Mahayana precepts, the exegetical tradition on the ''Nirvana Sutra'', and so on. The other is philological and philosophical issues in Buddhist epistemology and logic in India from the fifth–tenth centuries, particularly Kamalaśīla's (the late eighth century) theory of perception. In both areas, he is interested in the concept of saintliness as firmly related with the system of practice. ([https://www.iias.asia/profile/toru-funayama Source Accessed June 16, 2020])u-funayama Source Accessed June 16, 2020]))
Stcherbatsky, T. + (Fyodor Ippolitovich Shcherbatskoy or Stche … Fyodor Ippolitovich Shcherbatskoy or Stcherbatsky (30 August 1866–18 March 1942), often referred to in the literature as F. Th. Stcherbatsky, was a Russian Indologist who, in large part, was responsible for laying the foundations in the Western world for the scholarly study of Buddhism and Buddhist philosophy. He was born in Kielce, Poland (Russian Empire), and died at the Borovoye Resort in northern Kazakhstan.Stcherbatsky studied in the famous Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum (graduating in 1884), and later in the Historico-Philological Faculty of Saint Petersburg University (graduating in 1889), where Ivan Minayeff and Serge Oldenburg were his teachers. Subsequently, sent abroad, he studied Indian poetry with Georg Bühler in Vienna, and Buddhist philosophy with Hermann Jacobi in Bonn. In 1897, he and Oldenburg inaugurated ''Bibliotheca Buddhica'', a library of rare Buddhist texts.Returning from a trip to India and Mongolia, in 1903 Stcherbatsky published (in Russian) the first volume of ''Theory of Knowledge and Logic of the Doctrine of Later Buddhists'' ( 2 vols., St. Petersburg, 1903-1909 ). In 1928 he established the Institute of Buddhist Culture in Leningrad. His ''The Conception of Buddhist Nirvana'' (Leningrad, 1927), written in English, caused a sensation in the West. He followed suit with his main work in English, ''Buddhist Logic'' (2 vols., 1930–32), which has exerted an immense influence on Buddhology.Although Stcherbatsky remained less well known in his own country, his extraordinary fluency in Sanskrit and Tibetan languages won him the admiration of Jawaharlal Nehru and Rabindranath Tagore. According to Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya, "Stcherbatsky did help us – the Indians – to discover our own past and to restore the right perspective of our own philosophical heritage." The Encyclopædia Britannica (2004 edition) acclaimed Stcherbatsky as "the foremost Western authority on Buddhist philosophy". ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyodor_ShcherbatskoySource Accessed Sept 25, 2020])cherbatskoySource Accessed Sept 25, 2020]))
Staron, G. + (Gabriele Staron is a translator who took p … Gabriele Staron is a translator who took part in the Translator Training Program 2006-2008 initiated by Venerable Khenchen Konchog Gyaltsen Rinpoche from the Drikung Kagyu Institute, Dehradun. She has translated Ayang Thubten Rinpoche’s ''Rays of Sunlight'', a commentary on Zhedang Dorje's ''The Heart of the Mahāyāna Teachings'', a detailed guide to the stages of the path to awakening.de to the stages of the path to awakening.)
Nagao, G. + (Gadjin Masato Nagao was a long-time profes … Gadjin Masato Nagao was a long-time professor of Buddhist Studies at Kyoto University, and arguably the most insightful,profound and positively influential Japanese scholar of Buddhism in the twentieth century. His scholarship, characterized by its philosophical penetration, sympathy with its object, restraint and breadth, his teaching, characterized by its rigor and highexpectations, and his service, characterized by its generosity and enthusiasm, combined to make him an almost legendary figure. (Adapted from the obituary by Jonathan A. Silk in ''The Eastern Buddhist'' 36, no. 1/2 (2004): 243-51).rn Buddhist'' 36, no. 1/2 (2004): 243-51).)
Sga bla ma 'jam dbyangs rgyal mtshan + (Gapa Khenpo Jamyang Chökyi Gyaltsen or Khe … Gapa Khenpo Jamyang Chökyi Gyaltsen or Khenpo Jamgyal (1870-1940) was the third khenpo of Dzongsar shedra. He was a student of Loter Wangpo as well as Khenpo Shenga. He was a teacher of Dezhung Rinpoche and Khenpo Appey. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Khenpo_Jamyang_Gyaltsen Rigpa Wiki])title=Khenpo_Jamyang_Gyaltsen Rigpa Wiki]))
Garchen Rinpoche + (Garchen Rinpoche, Konchog Gyaltsen (mgar c … Garchen Rinpoche, Konchog Gyaltsen (mgar chen dkon mchog rgyal mtshan, b. 1949), is a master ofthe Drigung Kagyu tradition. By the time he finally left Tibet in the 1990s, he had spent twenty-three years imprisoned by the Chinese. Of his time in prison, twenty years were spent in the company of his teacher, Khenpo Munsel (mkhan po mun sel, 1916-1994). Since coming out of Tibet, he has been tirelessly teaching throughout the world. (Source: Enlightened Vagabond) the world. (Source: Enlightened Vagabond))
Sparham, G. + (Gareth Sparham was a monk for more than tw … Gareth Sparham was a monk for more than twenty years and an oral interpreter for many learned lamas while living in India. He holds a PhD in Asian Studies from the University of British Columbia. The author and translator of numerous works, many focusing on the writings of Tsongkhapa, he has taught Tibetan language at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor and the University of California at Berkeley. He lives with his wife in Walnut Creek, California. (Source: [https://wisdomexperience.org/content-author/gareth-sparham/ Wisdom Experience])author/gareth-sparham/ Wisdom Experience]))
Chang, G. + (Garma Chen-Chi Chang was Emeritus Professo … Garma Chen-Chi Chang was Emeritus Professor of Religious Studies at the Pennsylvania State University and a renowned Buddhist scholar. His books include ''The Buddhist Teaching of Totality'' and ''The Practice of Zen'', as well as his English translation of the Tibetan classic, ''The 100,000 Songs of Milarepa''. ([https://www.psupress.org/books/titles/0-271-00341-3.html Source Accessed May 20, 2021])0341-3.html Source Accessed May 20, 2021]))
Donnelly, G. + (Gary Donnelly is an academic advisor at th … Gary Donnelly is an academic advisor at the University of Manchester, and lectures in Indic Religious Traditions at Liverpool Hope University. He holds a PhD in Indian Philosophy, specializing in Theravada, Madhyamaka, Yogacara, and Vedanta traditions. ([https://www.lionsroar.com/author/gary-donnelly/ Source Accessed April 25, 2024])donnelly/ Source Accessed April 25, 2024]))
Gautama Prajñāruci + (Gautama Prajñāruci (Jutan Boreliuzhi 瞿曇般若流 … Gautama Prajñāruci (Jutan Boreliuzhi 瞿曇般若流支, fl. 538–543) was a translator of Indian texts into Chinese and is said to have reached China in 516. Among the texts he translated include Vasubandhu's ''Viṃśatikā'', Nāgārjuna's ''Vigrahavyāvartanī'' (co-translated with *Vimokṣa Prajñārṣi 毘目智仙), and the ''Saddharmasmṛtyupasthānasūtra'' (T721) ca. A.D. 538–541..pasthānasūtra'' (T721) ca. A.D. 538–541. .)
Kilty, G. + (Gavin Kilty has been a full-time translato … Gavin Kilty has been a full-time translator for the Institute of Tibetan Classics since 2001. Before that he lived in Dharamsala, India, for fourteen years, where he spent eight years training in the traditional Geluk monastic curriculum through the medium of class and debate at the Institute of Buddhist Dialectics. He has also taught Tibetan language courses in India, Nepal, and elsewhere, and is a translation reviewer for the organization 84000, Translating the Words of the Buddha. He received the 2017 Shantarakshita Award from Tsadra Foundation for his translation of ''A Lamp to Illuminate the Five Stages''. Other published translations are ''The Fourteenth Dalai Lama's Stages of the Path, Volume 1'' (2022), ''The Life of My Teacher'' (2017), ''Mirror of Beryl'' (2010), ''Ornament of Stainless Light'' (2004), and '' The Splendor of an Autumn Moon'' (2001). ([https://conference.tsadra.org/session/special-address-2017-shantarakshita-award/ Source: Tsadra Foundation])akshita-award/ Source: Tsadra Foundation]))
Sekimori, G. + (Gaynor Sekimori is presently Research Asso … Gaynor Sekimori is presently Research Associate in the Centre for the Study of Japanese Religions, SOAS, London, and a Visiting Professor at Kôkugakuin University, Tôkyô. She is also a Council member of the Association for the Study of Japanese Mountain Religion and Shugendô. She was Associate Professor and Managing Editor of the ''International Journal of Asian Studies'', University of Tôkyô, 2001-2007, and continues to work professionally as an academic editor and translator. Her research interests include Shugendô history, ritual study (Haguro Shugendô), female exclusion from sacred sites, and Edo popular cults (Otake Dainichi Nyorai) and she has published numerous articles on these topics. She translated and edited Miyake Hitoshi's ''Mandala of the Mountain: Shugendô and Folk Religion'' (Tôkyô, 2005). ([https://publications.efeo.fr/en/author/1100_gaynor-sekimori Source Accessed Apr 23, 2021])or-sekimori Source Accessed Apr 23, 2021]))
Sangpo, L. + (Gelong Lodrö Sangpo is a student of the la … Gelong Lodrö Sangpo is a student of the late Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche. After receiving his first ordination in the Karma Kagyü Sangha in 1984, he moved to Gampo Abbey in 1985 and received bhikshu ordination in 1987 from H.E. Jamgön Kongtrül Rinpoche. From 1990–1996 he participated in the first group of three-year retreatants at Söpa Chöling and afterwards entered a four-year study retreat. He served as acting Director of Gampo Abbey for some years and is one of the co-founders of the Nitartha Institute for Higher Buddhist Studies.Lodrö Sangpo currently is head of the Chökyi Gyatso Translation Committee and has published an English translation of Erich Frauwallner’s The Philosophy of Buddhism (Motilal Banarsidass). His annotated English translation of Louis de La Vallée Poussin’s Vasubandhu’s Abhidharmakośabhāṣya was published in 2012 (4 volumes: Motilal Banarsidass). He is presently working on an English translation of Professor Lambert Schmithausen’s Collected Writings.He has been a senior teacher of Vidyādhara Institute since its inception and serves as its chair. ([http://www.gampoabbey.org/shedra-faculty.php Source Accessed May 18, 2015])faculty.php Source Accessed May 18, 2015]))
Dalai Lama, 1st + (Gendün Drub was a close disciple of Tsongk … Gendün Drub was a close disciple of Tsongkhapa, after first ordaining and training in the great Kadam monastery of Nartang. Gendün Drub was instrumental in spreading the new Geluk tradition in Tsang; he founded the great monastery Tashilhunpo in 1447 and was its first abbot, until 1484. He was posthumously identified as the First Dalai Lama, a previous incarnation of the third Dalai Lama, Sonam Gyatso, who first held the title. Gendün Drub was identified as an emanation of Avalokiteshvara, the bodhisattva of compassion believed to be embodied in the Dalai Lama incarnation line.bodied in the Dalai Lama incarnation line.)
Reeves, G. + (Gene Reeves studied, taught, and wrote in … Gene Reeves studied, taught, and wrote in Japan for twenty years, primarily on Buddhism and interfaith relations. When he retired from the University of Tsukuba, where he taught for eight years, he served as the international advisor at Rissho Kosei- kai. He was a founder of and the special minister for the International Buddhist Congregation in Tokyo, and he also served as the international advisor to the Niwano Peace Foundation and was the coordinator of an annual International Seminar on the Lotus Sutra. In the spring of 2008, Reeves was a visiting professor at the University of Peking, Beijing, China.Reeves was active in interfaith conversations and organizations: he served as chair of the Planning Committee for the 1987 Congress of the International Association for Religious Freedom (IARF) at Stanford University; he was one of the founders of the Council for a Parliament of the World’s Religions; and he was a member of the Board of the Society for Buddhist Christian Studies. In Japan he was an advisor to the Japan Liaison Committee of the IARF and a participant in the Religious Summit at Mount Hiei and in various activities of the World Conference of Religions for Peace. As a Buddhist teacher, he traveled frequently to China, Singapore, Taiwan, America, and Europe to give talks at universities and churches, mainly on the Lotus Sutra.Gene Reeves died in 2019.(Source: [https://wisdomexperience.org/content-author/gene-reeves/ Wisdom Publications])-author/gene-reeves/ Wisdom Publications]))
Bailey, G. + (Geoff Bailey is currently a resident scholar at the Tibetan Academy of Social Science, having graduated from the Tibet University Tibetan language program. He has been involved in numerous Tibetan language projects. (Source: ''The Six Brothers'', 2007))
Barstow, G. + (Geoff Barstow first encountered Tibetan Bu … Geoff Barstow first encountered Tibetan Buddhism in 1999, while on a study abroad trip in college. Since that time, the study of Tibetan religion, history, and culture has been the focus of his professional life. He has spent more than six years conducting research in Nepal, China, and Tibet. At present, that research focuses on the history of vegetarianism on the Tibetan plateau, asking questions about how animals were viewed, how they were treated (ie: eaten), and what that can tell us about Tibetan Buddhism more broadly. As a teacher, his courses emphasize various aspects of Buddhist religious thought, but also seek to explore how those ideas have been lived and experienced by actual Buddhists. ([https://liberalarts.oregonstate.edu/users/geoffrey-barstow Source Accessed Apr 27, 2021])rey-barstow Source Accessed Apr 27, 2021]))
Samuel, G. + (Geoffrey Samuel’s research extends over a … Geoffrey Samuel’s research extends over a number of interrelated areas within religious studies, social anthropology, comparative sociology, and cognate disciplines. Theoretically, his interests centre around an understanding of cultural processes and their effects on human behaviour, in terms which recognise the embodied character of human existence and which give proper weight to both human consciousness and biology. He is particularly interested in religion (including ‘shamanism’) in relation to healing, gender and ecology, including the ways in which these issues manifest in contemporary societies.His main ethnographic focus has been on religion in Tibetan societies. His work on Tibetan religion has also extended into the social history of Indic religions more generally. Other research topics include Tibetan medicine and health practices, the anthropology of music, research on Buddhism and other new religious movements (paganism, shamanism, esotericism) in the UK and Australia, and research into Islam in the UK and Bangladesh. He has carried out extensive field research over many years in India, Nepal, Tibet, and other Asian and Western societies.His recent research, organised through the Research Group on the Body, Health and Religion (BAHAR), focusses on the understanding of healing processes in a variety of contexts: folk healing practices in Asian societies, ‘traditional’ Asian medical and yogic practices aimed at healing, and Western adaptations and developments of such practices within the field of complementary and alternative medicine. This research has included two major externally-funded projects under his direction, an AHRC-funded project on Tibetan longevity practices (with Cathy Cantwell and Rob Mayer) and a Leverhulme Trust-funded project on Tibetan medicine in the Bon tradition (with Colin Millard). Currently he is involved in a Templeton Foundation-funded project on meditation-derived compassion training for nurses and other health staff in Sydney, NSW.In 2008-11, he also took part in an ESRC-funded project on young Bangladeshis, marriage and the family in Bangladesh and the UK directed by Dr Santi Rozario. ([https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/people/view/702489-samuel-geoffrey Source Accessed Aug 7, 2020])89-samuel-geoffrey Source Accessed Aug 7, 2020]))
Arnold, G. + (Geoffrey Shugen Arnold is the abbot and re … Geoffrey Shugen Arnold is the abbot and resident teacher of Zen Mountain Monastery and abbot of the Zen Center of New York City. He received dharma transmission from John Daido Loori Roshi in 1997. ([https://www.lionsroar.com/mind-is-buddha/ Source Accessed Nov 18, 2019])-is-buddha/ Source Accessed Nov 18, 2019]))
Bond, G. + (George D. Bond (Ph.D., Northwestern Univer … George D. Bond (Ph.D., Northwestern University, 1972) is an associateprofessor in the Department of the History and Literature of Religionat Northwestern University. He is the author of The Word of the Buddha:The Tipi.taka and Its Interpretation in Theraviida Buddhism and coeditorof Sainthood in World Religions.Source: [[Buddhist Hermeneutics]][[Buddhist Hermeneutics]])
Roerich, G. + (George Nicolas de Roerich was a prominent … George Nicolas de Roerich was a prominent 20th century Tibetologist. His name at birth was Yuri Nikolaevich Rerikh. George's work encompassed many areas of Tibetan studies, but in particular he is known for his contributions to Tibetan dialectology, his monumental translation of the ''Blue Annals'', and his 11-volume Tibetan-Russian-English dictionary (published posthumously). George was the son of the painter and explorer Nicholas Roerich and Helena Roerich. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_de_Roerich Source Accessed March 4, 2020])de_Roerich Source Accessed March 4, 2020]))
Dreyfus, G. + (Georges B. J. Dreyfus (born 1950 in Switze … Georges B. J. Dreyfus (born 1950 in Switzerland) is an academic in the fields of Tibetology and Buddhology, with a particular interest in Indian Buddhist philosophy. In 1985 he was the first Westerner to receive the Geshe Lharampa degree, the highest available within the Tibetan scholastic tradition.He currently is Jackson Professor of Religion at Williams College, Massachusetts. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Dreyfus Source Accessed March 13, 2024])s_Dreyfus Source Accessed March 13, 2024]))
Driessens, G. + (Georges Driessens was a Buddhist monk (She … Georges Driessens was a Buddhist monk (Sherpa Tulku) from the Tibetan tradition and has translated a number of Buddhist texts: ''Le grand livre de la progression vers l'éveil'', by Tsongkhapa, ''La lettre à un ami (Suhṛllekha)'' and ''Le traité du milieu (Mādhyamaka-śāstra)'' by Nāgārjuna. ([https://grupsderecerca.uab.cat/trafil/sites/grupsderecerca.uab.cat.trafil/files/00-edite-chez-Benjamins.pdf Adapted from Source Jan 8, 2021])mins.pdf Adapted from Source Jan 8, 2021]))
Krastev, G. + (Georgi Krastev M.A. is currently a Univers … Georgi Krastev M.A. is currently a University of Vienna, Department of South Asian, Tibetan, and Buddhist Studies graduate student. He is a freelance translator at the Khyentse Foundation. ([https://www.linkedin.com/in/georgi-krastev-m-a-583456142/?originalSubdomain=at Source Accessed Sep 7, 2021])Subdomain=at Source Accessed Sep 7, 2021]))
Abboud, G. + (Gerardo Abboud was born in Buenos Aires, A … Gerardo Abboud was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and starting in the early 1970s, lived in India and Nepal for fourteen years. Since 1986, Abboud has been president of the Dongyuling Center, Argentina, which offers free teachings on Buddhist theory and practice. He is the English interpreter for several Kagyu lamas and since 1992 has served as the Dalai Lama’s interpreter in Latin America.Dalai Lama’s interpreter in Latin America.)
Oberhammer, G. + (Gerhard Oberhammer (born 1929) studied the … Gerhard Oberhammer (born 1929) studied theology and philosophy in Innsbruck before he turned his attention to Indology. In 1964 he succeeded Erich Frauwallner (1898–1974) as head of the Institute for Indology at the University of Vienna. He held this professorship until his retirement in 1997. His first co-operation with the ÖAW took place in 1970, when Oberhammer, with the support of Cardinal Franz König and the Academy, founded the De Nobili Research Library, which is now located at the ISTB of the University of Vienna on permanent loan from the ÖAW. From 1983 Oberhammer oversaw the "Commission for Languages and Cultures of South and East Asia," founded by Frauwallner, as well as the "Research Unit for Cultural and Intellectual History of Asia" that had been formed in 1986. The two units merged into an institute (the IKGA) in 1991, with Oberhammer serving as its director until his retirement in 1997.The most important projects conducted or initiated at the Institute under Oberhammer's directorship include:* Dictionary of Indian Epistemology and Logic (1983–2006), with the co-operation of Ernst Prets and Joachim Prandstätter.*The Tāntrikābhidhānakośa Project: A Hindu Tantric Dictionary (since 1993), with the co-operation of Marion Rastelli.*History of the Rāmānuja School (1994–2010), with the co-operation of Marcus Schmücker and Marion Rastelli. This project led to the work on the Viṣṇu philosopher Veṅkaṭanātha (traditionally dated 1270-1369), which remains a key topic at the IKGA.*Hermeneutics of religion, an interdisciplinary research topic that highlights in particular the encounter of and the dialogue between western and eastern religions. ([https://www.oeaw.ac.at/en/ikga/institute/former-directors Source Accesed Jan 30, 2024])er-directors Source Accesed Jan 30, 2024]))
Wiener, G. + (Gerry Wiener is a software engineer workin … Gerry Wiener is a software engineer working at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado. He began his Buddhist studies with Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche in 1971 and studied under Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche until his parinirvana in 1987. Gerry received teachings from His Holiness, the 16th Karmapa, Rangjung Rigpe Dorje in 1974 and in 1980 during the times His Holiness was visiting the United States. Gerry has continued his Tibetan Buddhist studies under Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche focusing on Tibetan translation and the development of the [http://nitarthadigitallibrary.org/xtf/search Nitartha Digital Library]. ([https://karmapacenter16.org/contact/board-volunteers/ Source Accessed Feb 20, 2022])volunteers/ Source Accessed Feb 20, 2022]))
Taenzer, G. + (Gertraud Taenzer is an independant scholar … Gertraud Taenzer is an independant scholar. Her current research interests are old Tibetan wood-slips of the Southern Taklamakan and the Tsaidam Basin and the secular manuscripts of the post Tibetan period (period of Guiyi jun rule) from Dunhuang. Her publications include "The 'A zha Country under the Tibetans in the 8th and 9th Century: A Survey of Land Registration and Taxation Based on a Sequence of Three Manuscripts of the Stein Collection from Dunhuang". In ''Scribes, Texts, and Rituals in Early Tibet and Dunhuang'', edited by Brandon Dotson, Kazushi Iwao and Tsuguhito Takeuchi, 25–43. Wiesbaden: ReichertVerlag, 2013. ([https://brill.com/display/book/9789004307438/B9789004307438_001.xml Source Accessed Aug 1, 2023])7438_001.xml Source Accessed Aug 1, 2023]))
Gesar + (Gesar of Ling, the legendary Tibetan ruler … Gesar of Ling, the legendary Tibetan ruler, warrior, and spiritual leader, is the central hero of a vast collection of stories that has been described as the world’s largest epic tradition. In European terms, we could say that Gesar is both King Arthur and Merlin. Like Arthur, he is the exemplary king and warrior who unites and defends his people in times of trouble and great danger. Like Merlin, he is a spiritual leader, but also a magician and trickster. In later centuries, he is also seen as a full-fledged tantric deity and important figure of the Dzogchen tradition.Versions of Gesar’s story have been told for many hundreds of years by Tibetans and neighboring peoples, such as the Baltis and people of Hunza to the west and the various Mongol peoples to the east and north. As epics do, the stories of Gesar deal with central issues of human existence. They also provide insights into many aspects of Tibetan religion and culture. That is why the appearance of this new translation of Gesar stories is so important and welcome. (Source: [https://www.lionsroar.com/from-folk-hero-to-deity/ Shambhala Publications])lk-hero-to-deity/ Shambhala Publications]))
Dawa, Lobsang + (Geshe Dawa was born in Mexico City. He wa … Geshe Dawa was born in Mexico City. He was a Buddhist monk for 15 years receiving full monastic vows (Gelong vows) from His Holiness the Dalai Lama. Geshe Dawa learned Tibetan language in the College for Higher Tibetan Studies SARAH in Dharamsala India and later traveled to South India to join Drepung Loseling Monastic University where after more than a decade of advanced studies, he graduated as the first Hispanic Geshe ever. During H.H. Dalai Lama´s visit to Mexico in 2013, Geshe Dawa collaborated as his assistant translator. ([https://compassion.emory.edu/cbct-compassion-training/certified-teachers/international.html Source Accessed Apr 14, 2022])tional.html Source Accessed Apr 14, 2022]))
Gelek, Drakpa + (Geshe Drakpa Gelek (1955–2018) was born Lh … Geshe Drakpa Gelek (1955–2018) was born Lhakpa Tsering to parents in the Keydong, Zongka region in Central Tibet. He sought political asylum in India in the wake of Communist China's invasion and subsequent occupation of Tibet, which until then, preserved one of humankind's most ancient civilizations and traditions. He began his monastic education in one of Tibet's largest center of learning, Drepung Losel-Ling Monastic University, which is now re-established in India. (Founded in 1416 in Tibet, Drepung was the home of the early Dalai Lamas.)He was formally ordained as a novice monk by His Eminence Drepung Khenchen Pema Gyaltsen and was given the religious name Drakpa Gelek. In 1991, Geshe Drakpa Gelek successfully completed the intensive spiritual studies and training in the five sciences, and graduated with a Master of Metaphysics degree, called Geshe, from Drepung Loseling Monastic University. Following completion of the Geshe degree, he enrolled himself at the re-established Lower Tantric University in Hunsur, India, in 1992. For his skilled communication and originality, he was unanimously appointed as Disciplinarian of the Tantric University. Geshe Drakpa taught Buddhist philosophy and practice at Drepung University from 1991 to 1997, and is well-known for his spiritual insights, knowledge, and debating skills.He received profound and vast Buddhist teachings from distinguished and accomplished spiritual teachers including His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama, the Dalai Lama's tutors His Eminence Kyabje Ling Rinpoche and His Eminence Kyabje Trijang Rinpoche, as well as other realized Buddhist saint-scholars. He received spiritual education in the five major Buddhist philosophy and tenets (such as the Buddhist Science of Debate, the perfection of wisdom, the theory of the Middle Way View, ethical discipline, and the Buddhist science of Cosmology by several of Tibet's renowned saint-scholars and accomplished spiritual masters such as His Eminence Drepung Khenchen Pema Gyaltsen, and His Eminence Shakor Khen Nyima Gyaltsen.Geshe Drakpa received rare oral transmissions of the entire texts of the Buddha's actual teaching, the Kangyur in 1999 and 2000, and the complete works of the founder of the Gelukpa sect, Je Tsongkhapa Rinpoche, and his two heart-disciples saint-scholar Gyaltsab Je and Khedrup Je. He also received explanatory transmission of "The Great Commentary of the Kalachakra Tantra" from His Eminence Kyabje Kirti Tsenshab Rinpoche, and the complete oral transmission of the 225 voluminous Buddhist spiritual commentaries, the Tengyur, written by the great masters from India and Tibet, from the accomplished hermit His Eminence Paknang Rinpoche.Geshe-la spend many years living in solitude in spiritual retreat in the high mountains in Dharamsala where the headquarters of the Tibetan Government in-exile is based. He received empowerments and experiential teachings from His Holiness the Dalai Lama and occasionally from other spiritual teachers. He has taught general Tantra and Kalachakra Tantra grounds and paths to the monks of Namgyal Monastery, the personal monastery of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, during their regular annual summer retreat. In recent years he traveled to the United States, South Korea, Spain, Belgium, and France to give teachings.Geshe-la passed away in India in December, 2018. ([https://www.tbcwp.org/geshe-drakpa-gelek-archive.html Source Accessed Dec 1, 2023])archive.html Source Accessed Dec 1, 2023]))
Lodrö, Gedün + (Geshe Gedün Lodrö (1924–1979) entered Dreb … Geshe Gedün Lodrö (1924–1979) entered Drebung Monastic University near Lhasa at the age of nine as a novice monk. He gained the degree of geshe in 1961 in exile in India as the first among three scholars who were awarded the number one ranking in the highest class. A scholar of prodigious intellect, he was famed for his wide learning and ability in debate. In 1967, the Dalai Lama sent him to teach at the University of Hamburg, where he learned to speak German fluently and became a tenured member of the faculty. He served as Visiting Professor at the University of Virginia in 1979. ([https://www.shambhala.com/catalog/category/view/s/geshe-gedun-lodro/id/726/ Source Accessed July 24, 2023])ro/id/726/ Source Accessed July 24, 2023]))
Gyatso, Kelsang + (Geshe Kelsang Gyatso (Tibetan: བཀལ་བཟང་རྒྱ … Geshe Kelsang Gyatso (Tibetan: བཀལ་བཟང་རྒྱ་མཚོ།, Wylie: bskal bzang rgya mtsho) (b. 1931) is a Buddhist monk, meditation teacher, scholar, and author. He is the founder and former spiritual director of the New Kadampa Tradition-International Kadampa Buddhist Union (NKT-IKBU), an "entirely independent" modern Buddhist order that presents itself to be a tradition based on the teachings of the Gelugpa tradition of Tibetan Buddhism, which has grown to become a worldwide Buddhist organization which claims to have 1,300 centers around the world, most study and meditation centers, with some retreat centers. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelsang_Gyatso Source Accessed Mar 3, 2021])lsang_Gyatso Source Accessed Mar 3, 2021]))
Wangchen, Geshe Namgyal + (Geshe Namgyal Wangchen was born in Tibet i … Geshe Namgyal Wangchen was born in Tibet in 1934 and educated at Drepung Monastary. In 1959, along with His Holiness the Dalai Lama and 100,000 other Tibetans, he fled the Chinese occupation of his homeland. During the 1980’s he began teaching Western students in London, England. He now lives and teaches in the reestablished Drepung Monastery in India. (Source: [https://wisdomexperience.org/content-author/geshe-namgyal-wangchen/ Wisdom Publications])he-namgyal-wangchen/ Wisdom Publications]))
Nornang, Ngawang + (Geshe Nawang L. Nornang (Nor nang Ngag dba … Geshe Nawang L. Nornang (Nor nang Ngag dbang blo mthun) was born on 9 December, 1924, the wood-rat year, to Rdo rje rgyal po and Dbyangs can of the aristocratic Nor nang family, the sixth of their nine children, at a time when his father was commissioner of Sku rnam Rdzong in Dwags po.In 1933, Geshela entered the G.yul sgang private school in Lhasa where he studied reading and writing until 1937. Thereafter he spent a year under the tutelage of his maternal uncle, Thub bstan kun mkhyen, one of the chief secretaries (drung yig che mo) of the Ecclesiastic Office (Yig tshang).In 1938, he took his novice vows in the presence of the Stag brag Regent, and he was enrolled in Dwags po Bshad sgrub rnam rgyal ba’i gling, a monastery noted for its strict devotion to scholarship and discipline. There he was tutored by Dge bshes Blo bzang dbyigs bsnyen in logic, philosophy and ritual, following a standard Dge-lugs-pa curriculum which included the Abhisamayālaṃkāra and other Prajñāpāramitā works, the Abhidharmakośa and its commentaries, the Madhyamakāvatāra and the major works of Tsong kha pa on Madhyamaka, works by the 19thgdan rab of Dwags po, Rje byams pa chos mchog and on logic by Phur bu lcog yongs ‘dzin. As a chos mdzad, a monk whose family makes a substantial contribution to the monastery and is thereby excused from the obligatory labor of a young monk, he was also allowed to visit his family in Lhasa for three months a year.In 1946, Geshela took his vows as fully ordained monk and served as a tutor at Bshad sgrub gling. In 1948, he served for two years as monastic treasurer (phyag mdzod). In 1950, monastic stores were almost depleted due to the over-enrolment of monks, and the monastery petitioned the government for a permit to solicit funds and supplies. Geshela was in charge of this mission and travelled extensively throughout Central Tibet in order to do so. He also visited India twice on wool-trading trips in 1953 and 1956, when he also completed the pilgrimage at Bodh Gaya during the 2500th anniversary of the parinirvāṇa of the Buddha. He also continued his studies toward the geshe degree which he completed just before the 1959 revolt in Tibet. Unfortunately the political turmoil of that year prevented the formal conferral of the degree.From 1954 on, as the representative for his monastery, he also went annually to Lhasa for the “Great Prayer Festival” (Smon lam chen mo), when the government would honor a request to supply monasteries with fiscal help.At the time of the revolt in 1959, he was in Lhasa for the Great Prayer Festival. After the Dalai Lama fled, he returned to his monastery, but Chinese military movements in the area forced him to flee south through E, Gnyal, Bya yul, Klo yul and the Northeast Frontier Area of India. After two months at Misamari refugee camp he took up residence in Kalimpong with relatives and lived there until 1960, when he and his niece, Lhadon Karsip (Rnam rgyal lha sgron Skyar srib), were brought to the University of Washington by Professor Turrell V. Wylie as Tibetan language instructors in the University’s newly-established Tibet Studies Program, the first of its kind in the United States.At this time, the Far Eastern Languages Department at the University of Washington had also contracted with the US Office of Education under the National Defense Education Act to produce the first systematic study and teaching materials of the Lhasa dialect of Tibetan. His work with the linguists Chang Kun and Betty Shefts Chang over the next three years resulted in their Manual of Spoken Tibetan (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1964), as well as material that Chang & Shefts published later (Spoken Tibetan Texts, Taipei:Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, 1978-1980). After the NDEA contract expired in 1963, Geshela was hired by the Department of Asian Languages and Literature as Tibetan language instructor, where he remained until his retirement in 1985. During this time he also coauthored with Melvyn C. Goldstein Modern Spoken Tibetan: Lhasa Dialect (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1970). It would be no exaggeration to say that, through these works, particularly the latter, Geshela became the primary teacher of Lhasa Tibetan to a generation of scholars. In addition to his language teaching duties, Geshela worked tirelessly for his students and colleagues at the University of Washington, giving generously of his time and knowledge to help students and scholars with their projects, whether they involved translations from Tibetan, questions in Buddhist philosophy or other social and cultural subjects. His influence and assistance, acknowledged or otherwise, is found in many works of students who passed through the Tibetan program at the University of Washington and elsewhere for more than a quarter of a century and even well beyond the time he retired. He was always available to help many new Tibetans settle in when they came to live in the Seattle area, and he volunteered to teach Tibetan to Tibetan children for more than twelve years. ([https://asian.washington.edu/news/2014/11/24/memory-geshe-nornang-1924-2014 Source Accessed Oct 31, 2023])rnang-1924-2014 Source Accessed Oct 31, 2023]))
Dorjee, Pema + (Geshe Pema Dorjee is an internationally re … Geshe Pema Dorjee is an internationally recognized authority, scholar, and teacher of Tibetan Buddhism. His fluent English, keen intellect, clear and practical explanations, warm-hearted nature, and infectious sense of humor enrich his talks and discussions with meaning and inspiration.He was born into a nomadic family in Tibet in 1951. They escaped from the invading Chinese, and he settled in Dharamsala, India, the seat of the Tibetan government-in-exile and the home of His Holiness the Dalai Lama.From 1973 to 1981 at the Institute of Buddhist Dialectics founded by H.H. the Dalai Lama in Dharamsala, he completed an undergraduate degree and two Masters degrees in Buddhist Philosophy, one in Prajnaparamita (the Perfection of Wisdom) and one in Madhyamika (the Middle Way).For the next 16 years, he dedicated himself to the Tibetan Children’s Village School located in Dharamsala. For nine of those years, he taught Tibetan Buddhism, language, and culture. In 1990, he was appointed Principal of the school, and from 1993 to 1997 he was its Director.In 1995, he earned his Geshe degree at the Drepung Loseling Monastery.Geshe Pema Dorjee served for two years as the Principal of the Tibetan Teachers Training Center. He was then named the first Principal of the College for Higher Tibetan Studies, and he remained in charge of that College from 1997 to 2002.The Tibetan government-in-exile asked him to undertake various tasks. The Cabinet, for example, appointed him to the Higher Level Textbook Review Committee. His Holiness appointed him as a member of the Public Service Commission. The Department of Health appointed him as spiritual counselor to former political prisoners who had been tortured.In 2001, H. H. the Dalai Lama asked Geshe Pema Dorjee to revive an important part of Tibetan Buddhism that had fallen into desuetude, the Bodong tradition. Fulfilling this task required him to establish both a scholarly project and a very practical one. To find the lost writings of that ancient tradition, to study them, translate them, and publish them, he founded in 2003 and continues to direct the [[Bodong Research and Publication Center]] in Dharamsala. To educate new monks in the Bodong tradition, he founded and continues to direct the Bodong monastery and school known as Porong Pelmo Choeding in Kathmandu, Nepal.Although he insists that he is only a simple monk, Geshe Pema Dorjee lives the compassionate life about which he preaches. He travels to the most remote and impoverished regions of Himalayan India and Nepal. After a thorough analysis of what is most needed, he creates, organizes, directs, and raises funds for numerous humanitarian projects.These projects include establishing schools, arranging medical care for the sick and injured, providing care for the elderly, creating an orphanage, supporting a drug rehabilitation center, educating villagers to protect them from human trafficking, creating a safe house for street girls, helping young people in Tibetan refugee camps, introducing new agricultural techniques, and providing safe water, toilets, and smokeless cookstoves.Since 1997, he has donated much of his time to teaching and lecturing about Buddhist philosophy in countries around the world, including Sweden, England, Switzerland, Belgium, Germany, Finland, Norway, France, Estonia, India, Nepal, and Israel.Since 2009, Geshe Pema Dorjee has lectured and taught in cities across the United States, including New York, Chicago, Minneapolis, Portland, Miami, San Francisco, Washington, D.C., Boston and Cambridge. (Source: [https://tibethouse.us/presenter/geshe-pema-dorjee/ Tibet House US])senter/geshe-pema-dorjee/ Tibet House US]))
Rabten, Geshe + (Geshe Rabten (1921–1986) was a Tibetan Ges … Geshe Rabten (1921–1986) was a Tibetan Geshe born in Tibet in 1921.He was a student at Sera Monastery in Lhasa, and achieved Geshe status before leaving Tibet in 1959. He became known as a debater, scholar, and meditation master.Lama Yeshe and Lama Zopa Rinpoche were guided by him in their early days outside of Tibet.In the mid 1960s Geshe Rabten was a religious assistant to the Dalai Lama.The Dalai Lama asked him to teach Dharma to Westerners in Dharamshala in 1969.He went to teach in Switzerland in 1974.He was the founder of the Rabten Choeling Centre (which was originally named Tharpa Choeling) in Switzerland in 1979. He remained there till his death in 1986.Other centres that he founded in Europe included the Tibetan centre in Hamburg, Tashi Rabten at the Letzehof, Puntsog Rabten in Munich and Gephel Ling in Milan. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geshe_Rabten Source Accessed Feb 23, 2023])eshe_Rabten Source Accessed Feb 23, 2023]))
Rinchen, Sonam + (Geshe Sonam Rinchen was born in 1933 at Dh … Geshe Sonam Rinchen was born in 1933 at Dhargyey, in the Trehor Kham region of Eastern Tibet. At the age of thirteen, he decided to become a monk and entered Dhargyey Monastery, where he excelled in his studies and in debate. When he was nineteen, he made the two and a half month journey on foot to Central Tibet in order to enter Sera Je College of Sera Monastery. He became a fully ordained monk and remained there for the next six years until his studies were interrupted by the Chinese invasion of Tibet in 1959, which forced him into exile in India.For the following nine years, he lived with many other monks under extremely harsh conditions in Buxa Duar, West Bengal, in what had previously been a British internment camp. In 1967, he entered what is now the Central University of Tibetan Studies in Sarnath and stayed there until 1976, obtaining the degrees of Shastri and Acharya with honors. In 1980, he took the public examinations for the monastic title of Geshe. He received the highest qualification, that of Geshe Lharampa.Geshe Sonam Rinchen taught at the Library of Tibetan Works & Archives in Dharmsala, India for over 30 years. He published ten books in collaboration with his translator Ruth Sonam including Aryadeva’s Four Hundred Stanzas on the Middle Way, The Heart Sutra, The Bodhisattva Vow, the Six Perfections, How Karma Works, and Atisha’s Lamp for the Path to Enlightenment. ([https://sravastiabbey.org/advisory-member/geshe-sonam-rinchen/ Source Accessed Sep 29, 2022])-sonam-rinchen/ Source Accessed Sep 29, 2022]))
Tsering, Tashi + (Geshe Tashi Tsering was born in Tibet in 1 … Geshe Tashi Tsering was born in Tibet in 1958 and received his Geshe Lharampa degree (similar to a doctorate in divinity) from Sera Monastery in India in 1987. Since 1994, he has been the guiding teacher of the Jamyang Buddhist Centre in London, while also teaching at other Buddhist centers worldwide.Other books by Geshe Tashi Tsering: [https://wisdomexperience.org/product/buddhist-psychology/ ''Buddhist Psychology''] [https://wisdomexperience.org/product/tantra/ ''Tantra''] [https://wisdomexperience.org/product/four-noble-truths/ ''The Four Noble Truths''] [https://wisdomexperience.org/product/emptiness/ ''Emptiness''] [https://wisdomexperience.org/product/relative-truth-ultimate-truth/ ''Relative Truth, Ultimate Truth'']oduct/relative-truth-ultimate-truth/ ''Relative Truth, Ultimate Truth''])
Tengye, Lobsang + (Geshe Tengye was born in Lhatse, Tibet, in … Geshe Tengye was born in Lhatse, Tibet, in 1927. He went to the local monastery at the age of six. He followed a traditional path of in-depth monastic Buddhist study until the 1959 Chinese takeover of Tibet. He went into exile in India and continued his geshe studies at Buxa Chogar, the camp for refugee monks in Buxa Duar, West Bengal, India. Despite illness and hardship, Geshe Tengye received the lharampa geshe degree in 1969.In 1980, at the request of FPMT co-founder Lama Thubten Yeshe, Geshe Tengye became the resident teacher at Institut Vajra Yogini (IVY), the newly established FPMT center located in the south of France near Toulouse. Due to Geshe Tengye’s infinite patience, wisdom, and compassion, IVY has grown into a large and flourishing Dharma center. ([https://fpmt.org/fpmt-community-news/geshe-losang-tengye-passes-away-at-institut-vajra-yogini/ Source Accessed Apr 6, 2021])ajra-yogini/ Source Accessed Apr 6, 2021]))
Tenley, Ngawang + (Geshe Tenley is the Resident Teacher at Ku … Geshe Tenley is the Resident Teacher at Kurukulla Center for Tibetan Buddhist Studies in Boston. He was born in the Kham region of Tibet and attended Sera Jey Monastic University in India. He received his geshe degree (equivalent to a Western doctorate) from Sera Jey in 2008. He is very approachable and personable, and people often comment on his kindness and warm-heartedness.In addition to teaching classes and leading pujas several times a week at Kurukulla Center, Geshe-la is involved in an amazing array of activities to bring benefit to people in the Boston area, including teachings and pujas for the local Tibetan community, interfaith celebrations with religious leaders of other faith traditions, events at other local Buddhist organizations, and serving as a chaplain for Boston-area hospitals. ([https://namdrol-ling.com/geshe-ngawang-tenley/ Source Accessed Oct 29, 2021])ang-tenley/ Source Accessed Oct 29, 2021]))
Zopa, Tenzin + (Geshe Tenzin Zopa holds a doctorate in Bud … Geshe Tenzin Zopa holds a doctorate in Buddhist Philosophy from Sera Jey Monastic University in South India and is a master in Tibetan Buddhist rituals. He is currently the Resident Teacher at Losang Dragpa Buddhist Society, Malaysia and was for a long time the Director of the Tsum Valley Project (in the Himalayan region), which provides Buddhist study and practice facilities and accommodation for the community in the Valley. Geshe TenzinZopa is the principal and focal point of the award winning film titled "Unmistaken Child" which chronicles the search for the reincarnation of his great master. Geshe Tenzin Zopa has a contemporary style of teaching which he combines with the ancient wisdom derived from his years of philosophical studies and debate, thereby benefitting everyone who has met or heard him teach. Geshe Tenzin Zopa is the face of a dynamic and socially engaged Buddhism in the 21st century. ([http://www.tenzinzopa.com/Ebooks/Cttb_Book_Final_Complete.pdf Source Accessed Jan 14, 2021])omplete.pdf Source Accessed Jan 14, 2021]))
Ngawang, Thubten + (Geshe Thubten Ngawang was the spiritual di … Geshe Thubten Ngawang was the spiritual director of Tibetisches Zentrum V. Hamburg (Tibetan Centre Germany).In 1979 Geshe Rinpoche was appointed spiritual director of the Tibetan Centre by His Holiness the Dalai Lama, the Patron of the Centre. Geshe Rinpoche was a living example of a Buddhist monk and gave teachings on Tibetan Buddhism throughout Germany for 23 years. Through his continual presence he played an important role in the initial establishment and the transmission of the Buddhist doctrine to the West.As a scholar and meditation master who received most of his religious education in old Tibet, Geshe Thubtan Ngawang belonged to a generation of Tibetan lamas who directly experienced what is most probably the last flowering of their advanced civilization and bear the responsibility for the preservation of the Tibetan religion and culture in exile.An important concern of his was the friendly exchange with representatives of other religions, scientists and other groups in society. School classes and adult groups visit the Tibetan Centre regularly in order to learn about Buddhism from an authentic source. In 1984 the so-called interfaith dialogue was established at Hamburg University. Geshe Thubten Ngawang played an active role in the discussions with representatives of various religious groups.In 1998 the Tibetan Centre, under the leadership of Geshe Thubten Ngawang, organized its largest event in Schneverdingen/Lüneburg Heath. Here His Holiness the Dalai Lama taught “Buddhas Weg zum Glück” (Buddha’s path to happiness). At the invitation of Geshe Thubten Ngawang His Holiness resided in the meditation house Semkye Ling for ten days and blessed it with his presence. Before that the Patron had visited Hamburg and the Tibetan Centre at Geshe Rinpoche’s invitation in 1982 and 1991.From 2000 onwards, alongside his active teaching programme, Geshe Rinpoche continued his preparatory practices for his three-year retreat, which he was planning to begin at the end of 2003. ([https://www.phayul.com/2003/01/16/3624/ Adapted from Source Mar 31, 2021])6/3624/ Adapted from Source Mar 31, 2021]))
Soepa, Thubten + (Geshe Thubten Soepa was born in Zanskar, I … Geshe Thubten Soepa was born in Zanskar, India in 1955. At the age of fourteen he entered the monastery of Dromo Geshe Rinpoche in Kalimpong and at 19, he was sent to Sera Je Monastery in South India.Geshe Soepa took his novice vows before Serkong Tsenshab Rinpoche and his full vows before Kyabje Ling Dorjechang, the 97th head of the Gelug tradition (Tib: Ganden Tri Rinpoche). He also received many teachings and initiations from them, as well as from Ganden Zong Rinpoche. He attained the lharumpa geshe degree at Sera Je in 1997.After three years as resident teacher at Dzongkha Chode monastery, Lama Zopa Rinpoche invited Geshe Soepa to be the resident geshe of Aryatara Institut in Munich, Germany, where he taught for ten years.Geshe Soepa has travelled extensively in Europe and the United States, and teaches at many FPMT centers around the world. He is respected for his teachings on cherishing animals and is well known for his advocacy of animal rights and his stance on leading a vegetarian life.''Protecting the Lives of Helpless Beings'', a book by Geshe Soepa, presents a detailed discussion in support of vegetarianism and animal welfare. ([https://www.lamayeshe.com/teacher/geshe-thubten-soepa Source Accessed Oct 29, 2021])ubten-soepa Source Accessed Oct 29, 2021]))
Tobden, Yeshe + (Geshe Yeshe Tobden was born in 1926 to a f … Geshe Yeshe Tobden was born in 1926 to a family of wealthy farmers in Ngadra, a village one day's walk south of Lhasa, the capital of Tibet, and became a monk at age twelve. After the Chinese invasion of his homeland in 1959, he was arrested, but escaped, and spent two years crossing the Tibetan Plateau on foot until reaching the border with India. He completed his geshe studies in India, and spent several years teaching at the university in Varanasi. When he was forty-four, he told the Dalai Lama of his desire to live out his days in meditation retreat, for, from his boyhood, he had deeply desired the realization of reununciation, bodhichitta, and emptiness. Released from his duties at the university, he made his main residence a one-room hut above McLeod Ganj, the town in India where the Dalai Lama lives. There he lived for the remainder of his life, apart from a few teaching tours abroad, notably to fledgling Buddhist centers in Italy where these teachings were delivered. Geshe Yeshe Tobden passed away in McLeod Ganj in 1999.(Source: [http://www.wisdompubs.org/author/geshe-yeshe-tobden Wisdom Publications])r/geshe-yeshe-tobden Wisdom Publications]))
Vajraghaṇṭapāda + (Ghanḍḥapa was a monk of Nālandā. When the … Ghanḍḥapa was a monk of Nālandā. When the king invited him to his palace, he refused. The king schemed to disgrace Ghanḍḥapa by sending a beautiful girl to seduce him. Instead, she asked to become his patron. One day, she convinced Ghanḍḥapa to allow her to spend the night because she was afraid to travel home alone. While sleeping, their bodies joined. Rather than reporting her success to the king, the girl lived with Ghanḍḥapa, bearing a son. One day, the king encountered them,Ghanḍḥapa carrying the child and a bottle of wine. When the king mocked him, Ghanḍḥapa threw down the child and the bottle. Water gushed from the earth, causing a flood, the child turning into a vajra and the bottle turning into a bell. Ghanḍḥapa turned into Cakrasaṃvara and the girl turned into Vajravārāhī, rising into the sky. The king and his courtiers were drowning when Avalokiteśvara appeared, stopping the flood with his foot. Ghanḍḥapa made the waters recede, declaring that a single substance can be both medicine and poison. The king became Ghanḍḥapa's disciple. (Source: Lopez Jr., Donald S. ''Seeing the Sacred in Samsara: An Illustrated Guide to the Eighty-Four Mahāsiddhas''. Boulder: Shambhala Publications, 2019: p. 147.)er: Shambhala Publications, 2019: p. 147.))
Gha rung pa lha'i rgyal mtshan + (Gharungwa Lhai Gyeltsen (g+ha rung ba lha' … Gharungwa Lhai Gyeltsen (g+ha rung ba lha'i rgyal mtshan) was born at Nyetang (snye thang) in 1319. At five years of age he received ordination as a novice monk at Kumbumtang (sku 'bum thang) and began studies of the monastic code. For two years he also studied Prajñāpāramitā, epistemology, and Abhidharma. Then he traveled to many different monasteries in U for further studies in the same subjects and others such as the Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra and the Five Treatises of Maitreya. While at the great Karma Kaygu monastery of Tsurpu (mtshur phu), he received the transmission of several tantras from the clairvoyant yogin Tokden Drakseng (rtogs ldan grags seng), who also recognized him as an incarnation of the Indian master Aryadeva.When he was twenty years old Gharungwa traveled to the Tsang region, where he reached a high level of expertise in the treatises of the vehicle of the perfections, epistemology, Abhidharma, and the monastic code under the teacher Konchok Sangpo (slob dpon dkon bzang, d.u.) at Drakram Monastery (brag ram). He also studied and taught at many other places before arriving at the great monastery of Sakya (sa skya), where he studied the same subjects under the master Jamyang Chokyi Gyeltsen ('jam dbyangs chos kyi rgyal mtshan, d.u.), but also received the Tantra Trilogy of Hevajra and the Bodhisattva Trilogy.He then studied at Pelteng Monastery (dpal steng dgon) under the master Rinchen Zangpo (rin chen bzang po, d.u.), and next traveled to the Kagyu monastery of Ralung (ra lung dgon), where he received many tantric transmissions such as the initiations of Hevjara in both the Sakya and the Kagyu traditions and the Doha Trilogy of the great Indian adept Saraha. While at Ralung, he heard about Dolpopa Sherab Gyeltsen (dol po pa shes rab rgyal mtshan) and was filled with faith.When Gharungwa was thirty-two years old he arrived at Jonang Monastery (jo nang dgon) and met Dolpopa. He offered the great master a white conch shell and other gifts and received many initiations such as Kālacakra and Guhyasamāja, and all the guiding instructions such as the six-branch yoga. He gained exceptional experience in meditation, actually beheld Avalokiteśvara and his pure land, and experienced pure visions such as the transformation of himself into a buddha and the light rays of his own body illuminating the entire three worlds. For many years Gharungwa received from Dolpopa a number of profound teachings such as the Bodhisattva Trilogy and the ten sutras of definitive meaning.Gharungwa also received special transmissions from some of Dolpopa's other major disciples: from Kunpang Chodrak Pelzang (kun spangs chos grags dpal bzang, 1283-1363) he received the Vimalaprabhā commentary on the Kālacakra Tantra seven times, the instructions of the six-branch yoga, Nāropa's commentary on the Sekoddesha, and so forth; from Jonang Lotsāwa Lodro Pel (jo nang lo tsA wa blo gros dpal, 1299-c.1353) he received the Vimalaprabhā and other tantric teachings; from Mati Paṇchen (ma ti paN chen blo gros rgyal mtshan, 1294-1376) he received many teachings such as the Five Treatises of Maitreya and the Lamdre (lam 'bras); from Chokle Namgyel (phyogs las rnam rgyal, 1306-1386) and Nyawon Kunga Pel (nya dbon nun dga' dpal, 1285-1379) he received many transmissions such as the Lamdre in both the Sakya tradition and the Shang tradition, and the Bodhisattva Trilogy.Gharungwa then ascended to the monastic seat of Gharung Monastery (g+ha rung), where he taught for many years. He was eventually offered the hermitage of Namkha Dzod (nam mkha' mdzod) and took up residence there, teaching the Vimalaprabhā and various other topics.He passed away in 1401.ous other topics. He passed away in 1401.)
Gnoli, G. + (Gherardo Gnoli (6 December 1937 in Rome – … Gherardo Gnoli (6 December 1937 in Rome – 7 March 2012 in Cagli) was a historian of Italian religions and Iran expert.Gherardo Gnoli has been since 1996 the president of the Italian Institute for Africa and the East (IsIAO). He was also the head of the Public Counsel Institute and later the Italian Institute for the Middle and the Far East (ISMEO), which had been founded in 1933 by Giovanni Gentile and Giuseppe Tucci. He headed the Italy-Africa Institute (IIA), which had been founded in 1906 under the name of "Italian Colonial Institute" by Italian explorers, academics and diplomats.He was a professor of Iranian philosophy at the University of Naples "L'Orientale" (from 1965 to 1993, where he became the chancellor from 1971 to 1978 and the head of religious history of Iran and Central Asia at La Sapienza University of Rome (from 1993 to 2008). In addition he was the president of the same academy from 1979 to 1995. From 1995 until his death, Gherardo Gnoli was also the president of the Italian Society for the History of Religions. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gherardo_Gnoli Source Accessed Aug 4, 2023])erardo_Gnoli Source Accessed Aug 4, 2023]))
Mortensen, E. + (Gilford College Departments and Positions: International Studies, Coordinator, Associate Professor of Religious Studies Religious Studies, Associate Professor of Religious Studies Phone: School Extension 316.2357 emortens@guilford.edu)
Tucci, G. + (Giuseppe Tucci (5 June 1894 – 5 April 1984 … Giuseppe Tucci (5 June 1894 – 5 April 1984), was an Italian scholar of oriental cultures, specialising in Tibet and history of Buddhism. He was fluent in several European languages, Sanskrit, Bengali, Pali, Prakrit, Chinese and Tibetan and he taught at the University of Rome La Sapienza until his death. He is considered one of the founders of the field of Buddhist Studies.Tucci was born to a middle-class family in Macerata, Marche, and thrived academically. He taught himself Hebrew, Chinese and Sanskrit before even going to university and in 1911, aged only 18, he published a collection of Latin epigraphs in the prestigious Review of the Germanic Archaeological Institute. He completed his studies at the University of Rome in 1919, where his studies were repeatedly interrupted as a result of World War I.After graduating, he traveled to India and settled down at the Visva-Bharati University, founded by the Bengali poet and Nobel Laureate, Rabindranath Tagore. There he studied Buddhism, Tibetan and Bengali, and also taught Italian and Chinese. He also studied and taught at Dhaka University, the University of Benares and Calcutta University. He remained in India until 1931, when he returned to Italy. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Tucci Source Accessed April 14, 2020])ppe_Tucci Source Accessed April 14, 2020]))
Mullin, G. + (Glenn H. Mullin (born June 22, 1949 in Que … Glenn H. Mullin (born June 22, 1949 in Quebec, Canada) is a Tibetologist, Buddhist writer, translator of classical Tibetan literature and teacher of Tantric Buddhist meditation.Mullin has written over twenty-five books on Tibetan Buddhism. Many of these focus on the lives and works of the early Dalai Lamas. Some of his other titles include ''Tsongkhapa's Six Yogas of Naropa'' and ''The Practice of Kalachakra'' (Snow Lion); ''Death and Dying: The Tibetan Tradition'' (Arkana/Viking Penguin); ''Mystical Verses of a Mad Dalai Lama'' (Quest Books); ''The Mystical Arts of Tibet'' (Longstreet Press); and ''The Fourteen Dalai Lamas'', as well as ''The Female Buddhas'' (Clear Light Books). He has also worked as a field specialist on three Tibet-related films and five television documentaries, and has co-produced five audio recordings of Tibetan sacred music. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_H._Mullin Source Accessed Dec 6, 2023])nn_H._Mullin Source Accessed Dec 6, 2023]))
Wallis, G. + (Glenn Wallis holds a Ph.D. in Buddhist stu … Glenn Wallis holds a Ph.D. in Buddhist studies from Harvard University's Department of Sanskrit and Indian Studies. His scholarly work focuses on various aspects of Buddhism. He has also written on the prospects of making classical Buddhist literature, philosophy, and practice relevant to contemporary life. Most recently, though, he has become interested in the covertly ideological function of Buddhism in the contemporary West, and so has turned his attention to criticism. Drawing from François Laruelle's work in non-philosophy, he is calling his critical work non-buddhism. ([https://independent.academia.edu/GlennWallis1 Adapted from Source July 12, 2023])allis1 Adapted from Source July 12, 2023]))
Schokker, G. + (Godard Hendrik Schokker was born in Batavi … Godard Hendrik Schokker was born in Batavia on December 4 1929. He studied Indian languages and theology at Groningen University. From 1965-1995 he was a lecturer of New Indo-Aryan languages at the Kern Institute, Leiden University. In 1966 he earned a PhD under the supervision of F.B.J. Kuiper, Leiden University. He retired in 1995. ([https://www.dutchstudies-satsea.nl/deelnemers/schokker-godard-hendrik/ Adapted from Source July 3, 2023])endrik/ Adapted from Source July 3, 2023]))
Gongdezhi + (Gongdezhi was a translator who lived in the 5th century. He translated the ''Anantamukhasādhakadhāraṇī'' 無量門破魔陀羅尼經 (''Wúliàng mén pò mó tuóluóní jīng''), T1014, 19: https://21dzk.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/SAT2012/T1014.html.)
Davis, G. + (Gordon Davis’s research includes both hist … Gordon Davis’s research includes both historical work on ethical, political and metaphysical themes in the works of Hume, Kant and their contemporaries, and investigations into the applicability of methods of argument developed by these philosophers – as well as neo-Humean and neo-Kantian variations – to contemporary debates in ethics and metaethics. One of Gordon’s current projects explores the prospects for a theoretical synthesis of key elements within the three main traditions of contemporary ethical theory (consequentialism, Kantian deontology and virtue ethics). He also has a strong interest in applied ethics – especially issues surrounding biotechnology and obligations to future generations. ([https://carleton.ca/philosophy/people/davis-gordon/ Source Accessed Apr 16, 2021])vis-gordon/ Source Accessed Apr 16, 2021]))
McDougall, G. + (Gordon McDougall was director of Cham Tse … Gordon McDougall was director of Cham Tse Ling, the FPMT’s Hong Kong center, for two years in the 1980s and worked for Jamyang Buddhist Centre in London from 2000 to 2007. He helped develop the Foundation of Buddhist Thought study program and administered it for seven years. Since 2008 he has been editing Lama Zopa Rinpoche’s lamrim teachings for Lama Yeshe Wisdom Archive’s FPMT Lineage series. ([https://wisdomexperience.org/content-author/gordon-mcdougall/ Source Accessed Feb 23, 2021])-mcdougall/ Source Accessed Feb 23, 2021]))
Coleman, G. + (Graham Coleman is writer and director of t … Graham Coleman is writer and director of the acclaimed feature documentary ''Tibet: A Buddhist Trilogy''. He studied Tibetan language and literature at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, and between 1976 and 1989 received teachings on Tibetan Buddhist theory and practice, privately, from H. H. the Fourteenth Dalai Lama, H. H. Trijang Rinpoche, H. H. Dudjom Rinpoche, H. H. Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, and H. E. the Sixth Tharig Rinpoche. He has been chief executive of the Orient Foundation for Arts and Culture since 1983, and since 1988 has co-managed the creation of Tibetan-knowledge.org, one of the world’s largest online multimedia archives of classical Tibetan knowledge. From 2014 to the present he has co-managed the formation of Gompa – Tibetan Monastery Services in cooperation with senior Tibetan lamas and the major monasteries and nunneries of India and Nepal. He is editor of ''A Handbook of Tibetan Culture'' (Rider, 1993), the first complete translation of the ''Tibetan Book of the Dead'' (Penguin Classics, 2005), and ''Meditations on Living, Dying, and Loss'' (Penguin, 2008). (Source: [https://wisdomexperience.org/wisdom-podcast/graham-coleman/ Wisdom Experience])odcast/graham-coleman/ Wisdom Experience]))
Clarke, G. + (Graham E. Clarke (United Kingdom) (d. 1998 … Graham E. Clarke (United Kingdom) (d. 1998) was coordinator of anthropology and development at Queens House in Oxford. A social anthropologist, he specialized in developmental issues, conducting field research in Nepal and Tibet. Hew was a member of the Panam Project Identification Mission of the European Community of Tibet. (Source: ''Imagining Tibet'', List of Contributors, 453)gining Tibet'', List of Contributors, 453))
Priest, G. + (Graham Priest is Distinguished Professor o … Graham Priest is Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at the Graduate Center, City University of New York, and Boyce Gibson Professor Emeritus at the University of Melbourne. He is known for his work on non-classical logic, metaphysics, the history of philosophy, and Buddhist philosophy. He has published over 300 articles—in nearly every major philosophy and logic journal—and seven books—mostly with Oxford University Press. Further details can be found at: grahampriest.net. ([https://www.gc.cuny.edu/Page-Elements/Academics-Research-Centers-Initiatives/Doctoral-Programs/Philosophy/Faculty-Bios/Graham-Priest Source Accessed Dec 2, 2019])raham-Priest Source Accessed Dec 2, 2019]))
Tuttle, G. + (Gray Tuttle studies the history of twentie … Gray Tuttle studies the history of twentieth century Sino-Tibetan relations as well as Tibet’s relations with the China-based Manchu Qing Empire. The role of Tibetan Buddhism in these historical relations is central to all his research. In his Tibetan Buddhists in the Making of Modern China (Columbia UP, 2005), he examines the failure of nationalism and race-based ideology to maintain the Tibetan territory of the former Qing empire as integral to the Chinese nation-state. Instead, he argues, a new sense of pan-Asian Buddhism was critical to Chinese efforts to hold onto Tibetan regions (one quarter of China’s current territory). His current research project, “Amdo Tibet, Middle Ground between Lhasa and Beijing (1578-1865),” is a historical analysis of the economic and cultural relations between China and Tibet in the early modern periods (16th – 19th centuries) when the intellectual and economic centers of Tibet shifted to the east, to Amdo — a Tibetan cultural region the size of France in northwestern China. Deploying Richard White’s concept of the “Middle Ground” in the context of two mature civilizations — Tibetan and Chinese — encountering one another, this book will examine how this contact led to three dramatic areas of growth that defined early modern Tibet: 1) the advent of mass monastic education, 20 the bureaucratization of reincarnate lamas’ charisma and 3) the development of modern conceptions of geography that reshaped the way Tibet was imagined. ([http://ealac.columbia.edu/gray-tuttle/ Source Accessed March 30, 2020])y-tuttle/ Source Accessed March 30, 2020]))
Ge bcags rtogs ldan tshangs dbyangs rgya mtsho + (Great Dzogchen yogi and practitioner of the Ratna Lingpa (Rat+na gling pa) transmissions. A disciple of Drupwang Tsoknyi and rebirth of both Lingje Repa (Gling rje ras pa) and Guru Thugse Gyalwa Chogyang (Guru thugs sras rgyal ba mchog dbyangs).)
Hillis, G. + (Greg Hillis taught Sanskrit and Tibetan languages as well as other Asian religion courses in the Religious Studies Department at UCSB from the early 2000s until his retirement in 2023. He received his PhD from the University of Virginia.)
Mileski, G. + (Greg Mileski is a second-year PhD student … Greg Mileski is a second-year PhD student at Boston College where he works with Mahāyāna Buddhist philosophies and Christian theologies around the issues of selfhood, cosmology, and social action. He began his academic career with a BA in Religious Studies from the University of Pittsburgh and, after a stint in Teach For America, earned an MDiv from Trinity Lutheran Seminary and an MA in Religious Studies from the University of Colorado Boulder. He has published on aspects of Buddhism, Hinduism, and Christianity in the journals ''Resonance'', ''NEXT'', and ''Glossolalia''. He is ordained in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. ([https://www.bc.edu/bc-web/schools/mcas/departments/theology/people/grad-students/mileski--gregory.html Source Accessed Jan 12, 2021])regory.html Source Accessed Jan 12, 2021]))
Seton, G. + (Greg Seton is a scholar of both ancient an … Greg Seton is a scholar of both ancient and modern Buddhist texts in Tibetan and Sanskrit, specializing in Buddhist philosophy and the theoretical frameworks for the meditational practices inspired by the Buddhist “Scripture on the Perfection of Wisdom.” Initially earning a BA in Film Studies from Wesleyan University in 1990, graduating from the American Film Institute, and working in the film industry as an award-winning writer and director for nine years, he returned to academia in 2001 to do his first masters degree in Indo-Tibetan Buddhist Studies. After receiving his DPhil in Buddhist Studies from the University of Oxford, he took a position as professor of Tibetan and Indian Buddhist Studies at Mahidol University in Thailand. Through his DAAD fellowship at the University of Hamburg in Germany, he studied and critically edited the historically important Indian commentary on the Perfection of Wisdom based on 11th and 13th century palm leaf Sanskrit manuscripts and 15th century Tibetan block prints. His study and translation of the commentary and scripture, along with his Tibetan and Sanskrit critical editions of them, is set to be published as a four volume set. ([https://religion.dartmouth.edu/people/gregory-m-seton-0 Source: Dartmouth College])Learn more about professor Seton on his personal website: https://www.gregseton.com/aboutl website: https://www.gregseton.com/about)
Schopen, G. + (Gregory Schopen's work focuses on Indian B … Gregory Schopen's work focuses on Indian Buddhist monastic life and early Mahāyāna movements. By looking beyond the Pali Canon in favor of less commonly used sources such as the Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya and Indian Buddhist inscriptions, his numerous scholarly works have shifted the field away from Buddhism as portrayed through its own doctrines toward a more realistic picture of the actual lives of Buddhists, both monastic and lay. In this sense, he has seriously challenged many assumptions and myths about Buddhism that had been long perpetuated in earlier Western scholarship. In 1985 he received the MacArthur Fellowship for his work in the field of History of Religion. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2015. Four volumes of his collected articles have been published by the University of Hawai'i Press: Buddhist Nuns, Monks, and Other Worldly Matters (2014), Figments and Fragments of Mahāyāna Buddhism in India (2005), Buddhist Monks and Business Matters (2004), and Bones, Stones, and Buddhist Monks (1999). ([https://www.international.ucla.edu/cisa/person/276 Source Accessed October 21, 2019])son/276 Source Accessed October 21, 2019]))
Griffiths, P. + (Griffiths was born in London, England, on … Griffiths was born in London, England, on 12 November 1955. Griffiths has held appointments at the University of Notre Dame, University of Illinois at Chicago, and the University of Chicago. A scholar of Augustine of Hippo, Griffiths's main interests and pursuits are philosophical theology and the philosophy of religion – particularly Christianity and Buddhism. He received a doctorate in Buddhist studies in 1983 from the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and his early works established him as one of the most incisive interpreters of Yogācāra Buddhist philosophy. His works on Buddhism include ''On Being Mindless'' (Lasalle, IL: Open Court, 1991) and ''On Being Buddha'' (Albany: SUNY Press, 1994). After converting from Anglicanism to Roman Catholicism and accepting the Schmitt Chair of Catholic Studies at UIC, he has largely given up his work in Buddhist studies. His recent books include: ''Problems of Religious Diversity'' (Oxford: Blackwell, 2001); ''Philosophy of Religion: A Reader'' (co-edited with Charles Taliaferro) (Oxford: Blackwell, 2003); and ''Lying: An Augustinian Theology of Duplicity'' (Grand Rapids: Brazos Press, 2004). His latest book deals with curiositas and the nature of intellectual appetite; its title is: ''Intellectual Appetite: A Theological Grammar''. According to the faculty pages at Duke Divinity School, from which he resigned in 2017, Griffiths has published ten books as sole author and seven more as co-author or editor. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_J._Griffiths Source Accessed Jul 21, 2020])._Griffiths Source Accessed Jul 21, 2020]))
Bongard-Levin, G. + (Grigory Maksimovich Bongard-Levin (Russian … Grigory Maksimovich Bongard-Levin (Russian: Григорий Максимович Бонгард-Левин) (1933–2008) was a Russian historian specializing on Ancient India and the history of Central Asia. He also published on the history of Russian emigration. He was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and was awarded the USSR State Prize in 1988. In 2006 he was awarded India's third highest civilian award Padma Bhushan which ranked below Bharat Ratna and Padma Vibhushan for his contribution in the field of Ancient India history. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigory_Bongard-Levin Source Accessed May 11, 2022])ngard-Levin Source Accessed May 11, 2022]))
Nishijima, G. + (Gudo Wafu Nishijima (Nishijima Gudō Wafu ( … Gudo Wafu Nishijima (Nishijima Gudō Wafu (西嶋愚道和夫), 29 November 1919 – 28 January 2014) was a Japanese Zen Buddhist priest and teacher.Biography:As a young man in the early 1940s, Nishijima became a student of the Zen teacher Kōdō Sawaki.[2] Shortly after the end of the Second World War, Nishijima received a law degree from Tokyo University and began a career in finance. It was not until 1973, when he was in his mid-fifties, that Nishijima was ordained as a Buddhist priest. His preceptor for this occasion was Rempo Niwa, a former head of the Soto Zen sect. Four years later, Niwa gave him shiho, formally accepting him as one of his successors. Nishijima continued his professional career until 1979.During the 1960s, Nishijima began giving regular public lectures on Buddhism and Zen meditation. From the 1980s, he lectured in English and had several foreign students. Nishijima was the author of several books in Japanese and English. He was also a notable translator of Buddhist texts: working with student and Dharma heir Mike Chodo Cross, Nishijima compiled one of three complete English versions of Dōgen's ninety-five-fascicle Kana Shobogenzo; he also translated Dogen's Shinji Shōbōgenzō. He also published an English translation of Nagarjuna's Fundamental Verses of the Middle Way (Mūlamadhyamakakārikā).In 2007, Nishijima and a group of his students organized as the Dogen Sangha International. In April 2012, the president of the organization, Brad Warner, dissolved it subsequent to Nishijima's death. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gud%C5%8D_Wafu_Nishijima Source Accessed July 12, 2023])_Nishijima Source Accessed July 12, 2023]))
Malalasekera, G. + (Gunapala Piyasena Malalasekera, OBE, JP (8 … Gunapala Piyasena Malalasekera, OBE, JP (8 November 1899 – 23 April 1973) was a Sri Lankan academic, scholar and diplomat best known for his Malalasekara English-Sinhala Dictionary. He was Ceylon's first Ambassador to the Soviet Union, Ceylon's High Commissioner to Canada, the United Kingdom and Ceylon's Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York. He was the Professor Emeritus in Pali and Dean of the Faculty of Oriental Studies. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunapala_Piyasena_Malalasekera Source Accessed Apr 20, 2021])alalasekera Source Accessed Apr 20, 2021]))
Guṇavarman + (Gunavarman. (C. Qiunabamo; J. Gunabatsuma; … Gunavarman. (C. Qiunabamo; J. Gunabatsuma; K. Kunabalma 求那跋摩) (367–431 CE). A Kashmiri monk who was an important early translator of Buddhist vinaya and bodhisattva preceptive materials into Chinese. He was a prince of Kubhā, who was ordained at the age of twenty and eventually became known as a specialist in the Buddhist canon (trepiṭaka). Upon his father's death, he was offered the throne, but refused, and instead embarked on travels throughout Asia to preach the dharma, including to Java, where he helped to establish the Buddhist tradition. Various miracles are associated with the places he visited, such as fragrance wafting in the air when he meditated and a dragon-like creature who was seen ascending to heaven in his presence. In 424 CE, Guṇavarman traveled to China and was invited by Emperor Wen of the Liu Song dynasty to come to the capital in Nanjing. Upon his arrival, a monastery was built in his honor and Guṇavarman lectured there on various sūtras. During his sojourn in China, he translated some eighteen rolls of seminal Buddhist texts into Chinese, including the ''Bodhisattvabhūmi'', and several other works associated with the bodhisattvaśīla, the Dharmaguptaka vinaya (Sifen lü), and monastic and lay precepts. Guṇavarman was a central figure in founding the order of nuns (bhikṣunī) in China and he helped arrange the ordination of several Chinese nuns whose hagiographies are recorded in the Biqiuni zhuan. (Source: "Guṇavarman." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 337–38. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Gung ru rgyal mtshan bzang po + (Gungru Gyaltsen Zangpo (Tib. གུང་རུ་རྒྱལ་མ … Gungru Gyaltsen Zangpo (Tib. གུང་རུ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་བཟང་པོ་, Wyl. gung ru rgyal mtshan bzang po) (1383–1450) - the third throneholder of Sera Monastery. He was a disciple of Tsongkhapa, Gyaltsab Je, and Khedrup Je. He was a teacher of Ga Rabjampa Kunga Yeshe. His extant writings were recently published in three volumes.Volume 1 ''byams pa'i dgongs rgyan'' - a commentary on Prajnaparamita philosophy.Volume 2 ''dbu ma rtsa ba shes rab kyi don bsdus'' - Short explanation of the meaning of Nagarjuna's ''Mulamadhyamakakarika''. ''dbu ma 'jug pa'i 'grel pa'' - Commentary on the ''Madhyamakavatara'' of Chandrakirti. ''legs bshad bla ma'i man ngag bdud rtsi'i chu rgyun'' - General treatise on Madhyamika philosophy.Volume 3 ''dbu ma bzhi brgya pa'i 'grel pa'' - Commentary on Aryadeva's ''Four Hundred Verses'' ''dbu ma'i stong thun'' - Survey of Madhyamika thought in the context of the various philosophical positions. ''mngon rtogs rgyan gyi de kho na nyid gsal bar byed pa mkhas pa'i yid 'phrog'' - A commentary on the ''Abhisamayalankara''. ([https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Gungru_Gyaltsen_Zangpo Source Accessed Jan 27, 2023]).rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Gungru_Gyaltsen_Zangpo Source Accessed Jan 27, 2023]))
Hazod, G. + (Guntram Hazod is an anthropologist focusin … Guntram Hazod is an anthropologist focusing on the early history of Tibet. His methodological approach combines text and historical ethnography. He has been the co-author of several major monographs on Central Tibet’s medieval political and religious history, as well as author of numerous contributions that deal with identifying historical Tibetan toponyms, especially related to the period of the Tibetan empire. Linked to this is his interest in archaeology and landscape archaeology, with particular focus on early Tibetan burial practices, including the Tibetan tumulus tradition (4th–10th cent. CE).Hazod received his PhD and habilitation at the University of Vienna. He has been working at the Austrian Academy of Sciences since 1992, from 2006 as a Senior Researcher at the Institute for Social Anthropology (ISA), and from July 2016 as a co-funded researcher at both the ISA and IKGA. Since January 2019 he has been working as a Senior Researcher exclusively at the IKGA. ([https://www.oeaw.ac.at/en/ikga/team/former-employees/hazod-guntram Source Accessed Feb 24, 2023])zod-guntram Source Accessed Feb 24, 2023]))
Gu, G. + (Guo Gu (Dr. Jimmy Yu) is the founder of th … Guo Gu (Dr. Jimmy Yu) is the founder of the Tallahassee Chan Center (www.tallahasseechan.com) and is also the guiding teacher for the Western Dharma Teachers Training course at the Chan Meditation Center in New York and the Dharma Drum Lineage. He is one of the late Master Sheng Yen’s (1930–2009) senior and closest disciples, and assisted him in leading intensive retreats throughout the United States, Europe, and Asia. Guo Gu has edited and translated a number of Master Sheng Yen’s books from Chinese to English. He is also a professor of Buddhism and East Asian religions at Florida State University, Tallahassee. (Source: [https://www.shambhala.com/authors/g-n/guo-gu.html Shambhala Publications])s/g-n/guo-gu.html Shambhala Publications]))
Roth, G. + (Gustav Roth (born January 22, 1916 in Bres … Gustav Roth (born January 22, 1916 in Breslau; † June 6, 2008 in Lenglern) was a German Indologist.Roth passed his Abitur in 1935 at the König-Wilhelm-Gymnasium in Breslau. He then studied from 1935 (immediately in 1935 and all year round in 1936 due to work in the labor service, so that he could not begin attending lectures until 1937), first at the University of Breslau and then from 1939 in Leipzig and in 1941 in Halle (Saale). During his time in Breslau he became a member of the Corps Silesia there. During the Second World War he worked as a teacher for Persian at an interpreting school of the Wehrmacht in Meissen and then moved to Bordeaux. From January 1944 until the end of the war he was an interpreter for Hindustani and Punjabi for the Indian Freedom Corps Azad Hind Fauj, which he had already looked after during his time in Königsbrück. In 1949 he enrolled at the University of Munich. He graduated in 1952 with a doctorate of philology. From 1953 to 1960 he stayed for scientific studies in India and Nepal. After his return he was an academic advisor at the Indological seminar at the University of Göttingen where he stayed until his retirement in 1981. From 1982 to 1985 Roth lived as director of the Shri Nava Nalanda Mahavihara Institute in Bihar, India, before finally returning to Germany. Roth's scientific life achievement was recognized by several commemorative publications in his honor. ([https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Roth Adapted from Source July 22, 2021])v_Roth Adapted from Source July 22, 2021]))
Toussaint, G. + (Gustave-Charles Toussaint, born in Rennes … Gustave-Charles Toussaint, born in Rennes on January 11, 1869 and died in Parame on October 12, 1938, [was] a colonial magistrate, orientalist, Tibetologist, explorer, French poet, member of the Geographical Society and the Asian Society of Paris. Passionate about the study of Asian civilizations, he notably translated from Tibetan the ''Padma Thang Yig'' which he brought from the Litang monastery in Tibet. ([https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave-Charles_Toussaint Source Accessed Jan 24, 2024])s_Toussaint Source Accessed Jan 24, 2024]))
Newland, G. + (Guy Newland is Professor of Religion and C … Guy Newland is Professor of Religion and Chair of the Department of Philosophy and Religion at Central Michigan University, where he has taught since 1988. He has authored, edited, and translated several books on Tibetan Buddhism, including the three-volume translation of ''The Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment'' and ''Introduction to Emptiness''. Since the loss of his wife Valerie Stephens in 2013, he has expanded his teachings, given to universities and Dharma centers, which include topics on death, dying, and grief. He lives in Mount Pleasant, MI. ([https://wisdomexperience.org/content-author/guy-newland/ Source Accessed May 12, 2021])uy-newland/ Source Accessed May 12, 2021]))
Bays, G. + (Gwendolyn McKee Bays was a professor of Fr … Gwendolyn McKee Bays was a professor of French literature as well as a scholar of Buddhism and Eastern mysticism, writing and translating several books on the subject. She was the author of ''The Orphic Vision'' and translator of the book, ''The Voice of the Buddha'' from the original French. ([https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/atlanta/name/gwendolyn-bays-obituary?pid=164933470 Source Accessed Aug 25, 2021])d=164933470 Source Accessed Aug 25, 2021]))
Serrec, G. + (Gwenola Le Serrec is a former expert in th … Gwenola Le Serrec is a former expert in the protection of the environment, writer, and translator. She is now essentially a meditator and lover of nature and music. ([https://www.instagram.com/gwenola_leserrec/?hl=en Adapted from Source Jan 3, 2022]). She has translated the ninth chapter on wisdom of the commentary on the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra''by Khenpo Kunzang Palden with Patrick Carré and Christian Bruyat — ''Perles d'Ambroisie'', ''Byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa la 'jug pa'i tshig 'grel 'jam dbyangs zhal lung bdud rtsi thig pa'' and other works with the Padmakara Translation Group.orks with the Padmakara Translation Group.)
Rgyal sras lha rje + (Gyalse Lhaje, also known as Chokdrup Gyalpo, was the second son of the Tibetan prince Mutik Tsenpo. He came to be considered the subsequent rebirth of his grandfather, Dharma King Trisong Deutsen.)
Yang dgon pa rgyal mtshan dpal + (Gyalwa Yang Gönpa Gyaltsen Pal (Tib. ཡང་དག … Gyalwa Yang Gönpa Gyaltsen Pal (Tib. ཡང་དགོན་པ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དཔལ་, Wyl. yang dgon pa rgyal mtshan dpal) (1213-1258 or 1287) was a great yogin of the Drukpa Kagyü school and one of the foremost disciples of Gyalwa Götsangpa (1189-1258). He also studied with Godrakpa (1181-1261), who is considered the first great non-sectarian master of Tibet, Drikung Chenga Rinpoche (1175-1255) of the Drikung Kagyü school, Sakya Pandita (1182-1251), and Sangye Repa, and other masters. He is known as one of the 'three victorious ones', the other two being his teacher Gyalwa Götsangpa and Gyalwa Lorepa. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Yang_Gönpa Rigpawiki])org/index.php?title=Yang_Gönpa Rigpawiki]))
Rgya dmar ba byang chub grags + (Gyamarwa Changchub Drak (Wyl. rgya dmar ba … Gyamarwa Changchub Drak (Wyl. rgya dmar ba byang chub grags) was an important scholar born in the late eleventh or early twelfth century. He studied Madhyamika, Pramana and other philosophical topics with Khyung Rinchen Drak and Kangpa She'u Lodrö, and soon became an expert. From Lhajé Dawé Özer, he received many pith instructions related to the secret mantra from the lineage of Ancient Translations, and from Lhopa Könchok Pal he received instructions on mind training. As a result of his studies, he gained a reputation for excellent scholarship; and, in addition, he was also a holder of the lineage of pith instructions. In places such as Nyangro and Tölung, Sethang and elsewhere, he taught Madhyamika, Pramana, the treatises of Maitreya and other topics. His students included Chapa Chökyi Senge, Karmapa Düsum Khyenpa, Phagmodrupa Dorje Gyalpo, Chokro Chökyi Gyaltsen, Shyang Bal Tsepa, Kyilkhar Lhakhangwa and many other learned scholars. Chapa Chökyi Sengé, in particular, said that it was from Gyamarwa that he learned all the various tenets of Madhyamika and Pramana.Writings: Gyamarwa’s writings included commentaries on the Pramanasamuccaya and Madhyamaka Two Truths, and many original treatises, including summaries of Pramana and Middle Way philosophy. Recently discovered works include ''Ascertaining the Nature Itself in the Middle Way'' (''dbu ma’i de kho na nyid gtan la dbab pa''), which was found in a volume in the Nechu temple at Drepung Monastery, ''Summary of the Bodhicharyavatara'' (''spyod 'jug bsdus don''), and his clear explanation of the meaning of the text of the ''Bodhisattvacharyavatara''. ([https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Gyamarwa_Changchub_Drak Source Accessed Feb 8, 2023])rwa_Changchub_Drak Source Accessed Feb 8, 2023]))
Avertin, G. + (Gyurme Avertin began his study of the Tibe … Gyurme Avertin began his study of the Tibetan language in 1997. He spent two years following the Tibetan program at Langues’O University in Paris. He then went to Nepal in 1999 to study at the [[Rangjung Yeshe Institute]], before making his way to Bir in northern India, where he studied at Dzongsar Shedra. He regularly interprets for teachers visiting Rigpa centres and at the Rigpa Shedra East. (2014 Translation & Transmission Conference Program)slation & Transmission Conference Program))
Dorje, G. + (Gyurme Dorje (1950 – 5 February 2020) was … Gyurme Dorje (1950 – 5 February 2020) was a Scottish Tibetologist and writer. He was born in Edinburgh, where he studied classics (Latin and Greek) at George Watson's College and developed an early interest in Buddhist philosophy. He held a PhD in Tibetan Literature (SOAS) and an MA in Sanskrit with Oriental Studies (Edinburgh). In the 1970s he spent a decade living in Tibetan communities in India and Nepal where he received extensive teachings from Kangyur Rinpoche, Dudjom Rinpoche, Chatral Rinpoche, and Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche. In 1971 Dudjom Rinpoche encouraged him to begin translating his recently completed ''History of the Nyingma Schoo''l (རྙིང་མའི་སྟན་པའི་ཆོས་འབྱུང་) and in 1980 his ''Fundamentals of the Nyingma School'' (བསྟན་པའི་རྣམ་གཞག) - together this was an undertaking that was to take twenty years, only reaching completion in 1991. In the 1980s Gyurme returned to the UK and in 1987 completed his 3 volume doctoral dissertation on the ''Guhyagarbhatantra'' and Longchenpa's commentary on this text at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) at the University of London.From 1991 to 1996 Gyurme held research fellowships at London University, where he worked with Alak Zenkar Rinpoche on translating (with corrections) the content of the Great Sanskrit Tibetan Chinese Dictionary to create the three volume ''Encyclopaedic Tibetan-English Dictionary''. From 2007 until his death he worked on many translation projects, primarily as a Tsadra Foundation grantee. He has written, edited, translated and contributed to numerous important books on Tibetan religion and culture including ''The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism: Its Fundamentals and History'' (2 vols.) (Wisdom, 1991), ''Tibetan Medical Paintings'' ( 2 vols.) (Serindia, 1992), ''The Tibet Handbook'' (Footprint, 1996), the first complete translation of the ''Tibetan Book of the Dead'', and ''A Handbook of Tibetan Culture'' (Shambhala, 1994). ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyurme_Dorje Source Accessed Jul 14, 2020])yurme_Dorje Source Accessed Jul 14, 2020]))
'gyur med tshe dbang bstan 'phel + (Gyurme Tsewang Tenpel was one of the four … Gyurme Tsewang Tenpel was one of the four sons of Chogyur Lingpa's daughter Könchok Paldrön. He was recognized as the rebirth of his mother's brother, Tsewang Drakpa, the oldest son of Chogyur Lingpa, and so he became known as Tersey Tulku, "the Emanation of the Treasure-revealer's Son." He was instrumental in the transmission of grandfather's Treasures to many of last generation of lineage holders, such as the late Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, who was his nephew, and Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche.s his nephew, and Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche.)
Kara, G. + (György Kara earned a Ph.D. from Eötvös Lor … György Kara earned a Ph.D. from Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest, Hungary in 1961, and a doctorate of philology degree from Leningrad State University in 1975. His research interests include Mongol and Inner Asian studies; languages and cultures, including Old Turkic, Tibetan, Manchu, Evenki, Khitan and Altaic philology; history of writing systems; Altaic linguistics; Mongol literature and folklore. He regularly teaches classical Mongol, Mongol literature and folklore, and the history of Mongol writing systems.In 2011, Professor Kara was honored at the 54th annual Permanent International Altaistic Conference (PIAC); he received the PIAC gold medal in honor of his lifetime achievements in Altaic Studies. ([https://honorsandawards.iu.edu/awards/honoree/6436.html Source Accessed Mar 16, 2021])e/6436.html Source Accessed Mar 16, 2021]))
Busquet, G. + (Gérard Busquet, 82 ans, a été réalisateur … Gérard Busquet, 82 ans, a été réalisateur de documentaires et courts-métrages au Bangladesh (1965-1971), correspondant de l’Agence France Presse à Dhaka (1971-1975), correspondant du Figaro pour l’Asie du Sud à Delhi (1975-1977). Il est l’auteur de nombreux livres sur l’Asie du Sud : À l’écoute de l’Inde (Transboréal, 2013) ; Tableaux du Rajasthan, avec Carisse Beaune-Busquet (Arthaud/Flammarion, 2003) ; Le tombeau de l’éléphant d’Asie, avec M. Cohen (éditions Chandeigne, 2002), prix du Petit Gaillon 2002… et traducteur de divers ouvrages en anglais. ([https://revue-ultreia.com/contributeurs/gerard-busquet/ Source Accessed April 6, 2023])d-busquet/ Source Accessed April 6, 2023]))
Mgon po tshe brtan + (Gönpo Tseten was born in 1906 in Amdo, an … Gönpo Tseten was born in 1906 in Amdo, an eastern province of Tibet, into a family heritage of ngakpas. At the age of seven he was sent to Sangchen Mingye Ling, a Nyingmapa monastery. At the age of 15, having shown great promise as a future teacher, he studied with Kargi Tertön and accomplished the preliminary practices of Tibetan Buddhism.At Sangchen Mingye Ling, Gönpo Tseten continued his Dharma studies and the traditional Tibetan arts and sciences. It was at this time that he began to display great skill in drawing, painting, and sculpture. In 1925, at the age of 18, he completed two images of Thousand-Armed Avalokiteshvara, each standing over six feet high.About the age of twenty he married and had a son, Pema Rigdzin. He then undertook a journey of twenty days in order to study for a year with the Tertön Choling Tuching Dorje, a disciple of Dodrupchen Rinpoche.After this, he studied with the great Dzogchen master Khenchen Thubten Chöpel, who was also a guru of Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, Khenpo Jikmé Phuntsok, and the Sixth Dzogchen Rinpoche. During that time he received the complete transmission of the Rinchen Terdzö—he later received it twice more from Dilgo Khyentse around 1950 and 1978. Later, the ngakpa Gönpo Tsering taught him Tu, the art of overcoming enemies. This was essential since his gompa in Amdo needed protection from surrounding afflictions, including ruthless bandits and wild animals. After this, he studied sutra and tantra, including the Yönten Dzö, at Sukchen Tago Gompa in Golok, which was established by the First Dodrupchen Rinpoche in 1799. (Full bio available at [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=G%C3%B6npo_Tseten_Rinpoche Rigpa Wiki])le=G%C3%B6npo_Tseten_Rinpoche Rigpa Wiki]))
Rgod tshang pa mgon po rdo rje + (Götsangpa Gönpo Dorje (Tib. རྒོད་ཚང་པ་མགོན … Götsangpa Gönpo Dorje (Tib. རྒོད་ཚང་པ་མགོན་པོ་རྡོ་རྗེ་, Wyl. rgod tshang pa mgon po rdo rje) (1189-1258) was a mahasiddha of the Drukpa Kagyü school, well known for his songs of realization and said to have been an emanation of Milarepa. He was born in southern Tibet, but moved to Central Tibet, where he met his main teachers Tsangpa Gyaré Yeshe Dorje and Sangye Ön. Following his studies, he travelled from one isolated hermitage to another, never staying in the same place twice. He founded the branch of the Drukpa Kagyü school known as the Upper Drukpa (སྟོད་འབྲུག་, stod 'brug). His students included Orgyenpa Rinchen Pal. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Götsangpa_Gönpo_Dorje Rigpawiki])hp?title=Götsangpa_Gönpo_Dorje Rigpawiki]))
Zurmang Gharwang, 12th + (H. E. Zurmang Gharwang Rinpoche teaches Ti … H. E. Zurmang Gharwang Rinpoche teaches Tibetan Buddhist meditation and philosophy worldwide. Rinpoche was born a prince of the Sikkimese Royal Court and was recognized by H. H. 16th Gyalwa Karmapa as the 12th incarnation of the Gharwang Tulkus.Rinpoche is the supreme lineage holder of the Whispered Lineage of the Zurmang Kagyu tradition. He continues the activity of the unbroken line of the Gharwang Tulkus tracing back to the great 14th century Tibetan siddha Trung Mase, an emanation of the Indian mahasiddha Tilopa, and founder of Zurmang Monastery and the Zurmang Kagyu tradition. ([http://zurmangkagyu.org/the-12th-zurmang-gharwang/ Source Accessed Feb. 8, 2022]) Listen to an interview at [https://wisdomexperience.org/wisdom-podcast/gharwang-rinpoche/ the Wisdom Experience here].For more information see: *[http://zurmangkagyu.org/the-12th-zurmang-gharwang/ The Official Website of Zurmang Kagyu]*[https://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/12th_Zurmang_Gharwang Source: Erik Pema Kunsang]*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurmang_Gharwang_Rinpoche Source: Wikipedia]rmang_Gharwang_Rinpoche Source: Wikipedia])
Haenisch, E. + (Haenisch was the architect German Sinology … Haenisch was the architect German Sinology never had. He was primarily a Mongolist, but impinged on Sinology as well, usually to its benefit.His family background was official and military. He studied Sinology, Mongol, and Manchu under Wilhelm Grube at Berlin. Haenisch was himself a Berliner, and Berlin was to remain the center of his career. From it he made four significant departures. The first was immediate: after his studies with Grube, he went to China to teach at military schools in Wuchang and Changsha from 1904 to 1911. During this time he also traveled in China and in Eastern Tibet. In 1912 he returned to Germany and joined the Berlin Museum für Völkerkunde. In 1913 he completed his Habilitation and became an assistant to F W Müller. Another military interlude followed, as an officer during WW1. In 1920 he made a handsome return to civilian life as Professor of Mongol and Manchu at Berlin.In 1925 he moved to the Chair of Sinology at Leipzig, in succession to Conrady, and his publications take for a while a Sinological turn, starting with an article on Some Sinological Desiderata (1926): taking stock of the field and setting priorities. Due to Haenisch's protracted absence from Leipzig while traveling in China and Mongolia, the Conrady student Eduard Erkes was appointed in 1928 to fill in for him as an Ausserordentlicher Professor. The three volumes of Haenisch's Lehrgang der Chinesischen Schriftsprache appeared over the years 1929-1933. It must be said that this is not the wonderful thing it is sometimes said to be. Presumably it was an improvement over whatever people had been doing previously. All the more credit, then, (let it be said in a parenthesis) to those of the pioneering generation who achieved a sometimes staggering competence in the language.Haenisch returned to Berlin in 1932, with a renewed emphasis on things Inner Asian. A first instalment of his translation of the Secret History of the Mongols had been published in 1931, and further instalments appeared in 1937 and 1939. It has been judged by those who know that it is superior to the never-published version - the Secret Translation of the Secret History - by the indomitable but procrastinating Pelliot. Haenish picked up the retired Franke's student George Kennedy, and supervised Kennedy's thesis, which was on a legal topic, and based on the Tang Code. He also put in a word at Berlin for a Sinological resource which had been formally banned by Pelliot in 1929: the fractious von Zach. Looking back on that interlude, Haenisch put it this way: "Of course one could not mention his name in De Groot's presence. When I once dared to break a lance for him, he came straight back at me, "Do you want Sinology in Berlin to be built, or demolished?" Well, naturally, built, but Zach ought to help with the building. This positive contribution he himself unfortunately denied us, by the often intemperate tone of his criticisms."Haenisch, a decent man as well as a careful scholar, had protested German treatment of Duyvendak in the occupied Netherlands, and distinguished himself in 1944 as the only German Sinologist to sign a petition for the release of Henri Maspero, then a prisoner at Buchenwald. There had been more international spirit, and it had had better success, in the case of Henri Pirenne in WW1, who as a result of international and German scholarly pressure was released from a prison camp in Belgium and transferred to the house arrest situation in rural Germany, where, partly out of his head, he was able to put down what became his masterpiece: the Histoire de l'Europe. Had the world received a similar final synthesis from Maspero, Haenisch would have deserved mention on the dedication page. It was not to be.Germany had been hard on Sinology before and during WW2, driving many of the most promising people out of the country. And WW2 had been hard on Germany. Haenisch was one of those left to become the statesmen of the Sinological building effort after 1945. Of the prewar centers that still existed (among them Heidelberg, Göttingen, Hamburg), Berlin was a divided city, and Leipzig had come under Soviet domination. Haenisch, making his fourth and final excursus from Berlin, founded in 1946 the Sinological Section of the Institute of East Asian Studies at Munich, the first such center to be created in postwar Germany. Conditions were not ideal: "In summer, we sometimes held classes in corridors and sometimes in wooden shacks; in winter, we held them in the department's only undamaged building. Eventually we got a building of our own which served as library, classroom and office." ([https://web.archive.org/web/20170209043749/http://www.umass.edu/wsp/resources/profiles/haenisch.html Source Accessed Jan 25, 2022])enisch.html Source Accessed Jan 25, 2022]))
Nakamura, H. + (Hajime Nakamura (中村元, Nakamura Hajime, No … Hajime Nakamura (中村元, Nakamura Hajime, November 28, 1912 – October 10, 1999) was a Japanese Orientalist, Indologist, philosopher and academic of Vedic, Hindu, and Buddhist scriptures.Nakamura was born in Matsue, Shimane Prefecture, Japan. In 1943 he graduated from the Department of Literature at Tokyo Imperial University on a study on "The History of Early Vedanta Philosophy" under the supervision of Prof. Hakuju Ui. In 1943 he succeeded Prof. Ui and was appointed Associate Professor of Tokyo Imperial University.He was a professor there from 1954 to 1973. After retiring from Tokyo University, he established Toho Gakuin (The Eastern Institute, Inc.) and lectured on philosophy to the general public.Nakamura was an expert on Sanskrit and Pali, and among his many writings are commentaries on Buddhist scriptures. He is most known in Japan as the first to translate the entire Pali Tripitaka into Japanese. This work is still considered the definitive translation to date against which later translations are measured. The footnotes in his Pali translation often refer to other previous translations in German, English, French as well as the ancient Chinese translations of Sanskrit scriptures.Because of his meticulous approach to translation he had a dominating and lasting influence in the study of Indic philosophy in Japan at a time when it was establishing itself throughout the major Japanese universities. He also indirectly influenced the secular scholastic study of Buddhism throughout Eastern and Southern Asia, especially Taiwan and Korea. Japan, Korea, Taiwan and recently China is the only area in which all major scriptural languages of Buddhism (Chinese, Tibetan, Sanskrit and Pali) are taught and studied by academics of Indic philosophy.Nakamura was influenced by the Indian philosophy of Buddhism, Chinese, Japanese and Western thought. He made remarks on the problem of bioethics.Nakamura published more than 170 monographs, both in Japanese and in Western languages, and over a thousand articles. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajime_Nakamura Source Accessed Sep 7, 2021])ime_Nakamura Source Accessed Sep 7, 2021]))
Ui, H. + (Hakuju Ui (1882-1963) was a Doctor of Lit … Hakuju Ui (1882-1963) was a Doctor of Literature, Emeritus Professor of the University of Tokyo, Member of the Japanese Bachelor's College, and an Indian Philosophy, Buddhist History, and Buddhist Literature Research Expert. In 1894, he joined Cao Dongzong and later graduated from Imperial University of Tokyo in 1909. From 1913 to 1917, he went to the UK, Germany, and India to study. In 1919, he was a lecturer at the University of Tokyo. In 1923, he was a professor at Northeastern Imperial University. In 1930, he was a professor at Tokyo Imperial University and received a doctorate in literature. In 1945, he was elected as a member of the Japanese Academy of Sciences and was awarded the honorary professor of the University of Tokyo. In 1953, he received the Cultural Medal. He was fluent in Sanskrit, Chinese, and Tibetan, and has contributed greatly to the study of Buddhist history. His main works include: ''Buddhist Thought Research'' (Yanbo Bookstore, 1943), ''Pan Buddhism'' (2 volumes, Yanbo Bookstore, 1947-1949), ''Buddhist Classic History'' (Dongcheng Publishing House, 1957), ''Vietnamese and Contradiction Bodhisattva Index'' (Suzuki Academic Foundation, 1961), ''Study on Western Region Buddhist Scriptures - Brief Introduction to Dunhuang Yishu'' (Yanbo Bookstore, 1969), ''Tibetan Buddhist Scriptures'' (Masterpieces Press, 1970) Year), and ''Translation of History Studies'' (Yanbo Bookstore, 1971). ([https://list.wiki/Ui_Hakuju Accessed and Adapted from List.Wiki July 6, 2020])iki July 6, 2020]))
Eifring, H. + (Halvor Eifring, PhD (born 1960 in Norway) … Halvor Eifring, PhD (born 1960 in Norway) is the general secretary of Acem International and the head of Acem Norway. He learned Acem Meditation in 1976, became an instructor in 1979 and an initiator in 2001. He started Acem in Taiwan and has taught and lectured on Acem Meditation in 11 countries in Europe, Asia and America.He has co-authored the book ''Acem Meditation: An Introductory Companion'' (with Dr. Are Holen) and written several articles on Acem Meditation and related topics. He is one of the editors of Acem's quarterly journal ''Dyade''.Dr. Eifring is Professor of Chinese at the University of Oslo, Norway. He has published books and articles on Chinese language and literature and is currently leading a research project on the cultural history of meditation. He is married and lives in Oslo, Norway. ([https://acem.com/allobjects/acemperson/halvor_eifring Source Accessed May 19, 2021])vor_eifring Source Accessed May 19, 2021]))
Gregor, H. + (Hamish Gregor's training is in the field of Hispanic Philology; but he describes himself now as a feral scholar in the field of Buddhist studies. (Source: ''Tantra and Popular Religion in Tibet'', 205))
Saddhatissa, H. + (Hammalawa Saddhatissa Maha Thera (1914–199 … Hammalawa Saddhatissa Maha Thera (1914–1990) was an ordained Buddhist monk, missionary and author from Sri Lanka, educated in Varanasi, London, and Edinburgh. He was a contemporary of Walpola Rahula, also of Sri Lanka.Saddhatissa was born in 1914 Hammalawa, a hamlet in the northwest of Sri Lanka. He ordained as a sāmaṇera (novice monk) at the age of twelve in 1926. He received his early education at the Sastrodaya Pirivena at Sandalankawa and continued his higher studies at Vidyodaya Pirivena, Colombo, where he passed the final examinations with honours.The Maha Bodhi Society invited Saddhatissa to become a missionary (dharmaduta) monk in India like his contemporary Henepola Gunaratana. In order to teach to Indians he learnt Indian languages such as Hindi, Urdu and Punjabi. While in India, he came to know B. R. Ambedkar, who reportedly obtained advice from him on how to draft the Indian constitution along the lines of the vinaya. He also obtained an M.A. Degree from the Banaras Hindu University and then became a lecturer there.In 1957 he traveled to London at the request of the Maha Bodhi Society and lived the rest of his life in the West.He obtained his PhD from the University of Edinburgh and held academic appointments at a number of universities. He was a visiting lecturer in Buddhist studies at Oxford University; a lecturer in Sinhala at the University of London; and Professor of Pali and Buddhism at the University of Toronto. He was a Buddhist Chaplain at the London University and a vice president of the Pali Text Society.At the time of his death he was the head of the London Buddhist Vihara and the Head of the Sangha (Sanghanayaka) of the United Kingdom and Europe of the Siam Nikaya of Sri Lanka.He was posthumously honored in 2005 by Sri Lanka with a postage stamp bearing his image.Due to spending years at SOAS, University of London, Saddhatissa developed a sensitivity to Western philosophical discourse. He thus developed his thought, specifically in Buddhist ethics, with both traditional training and Western thought in mind. His primary Western influence (in Buddhist Ethics at least) appears to be Fyodor Shcherbatskoy, followed by the French philologist Louis de La Vallée-Poussin.His main interest was in staying close to the 'lived expression' of Buddhism as opposed to abstract academic theorizing. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammalawa_Saddhatissa Source Accessed Apr 13, 2021])Saddhatissa Source Accessed Apr 13, 2021]))
Han Yongun + (Han Yongun. (한용운) (1879-1944). Korean monk … Han Yongun. (한용운) (1879-1944). Korean monk, poet, and writer, also known by his sobriquet Manhae or his ordination name Pongwan. In 1896, when Han was sixteen, both his parents and his brother were executed by the state for their connections to the Tonghak ("Eastern Learning") Rebellion. He subsequently joined the remaining forces of the Tonghak Rebellion and fought against the Chosǒn-dynasty governmentbut was forced to flee to Oseam hermitage on Mt. Sǒrak. He was ordained at the monastery of Paektamsa in 1905. Three years later, as one of the fifty-two monastic representatives, he participated in the establishment of the Wǒn chong (Consummate Order) and the foundation of its headquarters at Wǒnhǔngsa. After returning from a sojourn in Japan, where he witnessed Japanese Buddhism’s attempts to modernize in the face of the Meiji-era persecutions, Han Yongun wrote an influential tract in 1909 calling for radical changes in the Korean Buddhist tradition; this tract, entitled ''Chosǒn Pulgyo yusin non ("Treatise on the Reformation of Korean Buddhism"), set much of the agenda for Korean Buddhist modernization into the contemporary period. After Korea was formally annexed by Japan in 1910, Han devoted the rest of his life to the fight for independence. In opposition to the Korean monk HoegwangSasǒn's (1862-1933) attempt to merge the Korean Wǒn chong with the Japanese Sōtōshū, Han Yongun helped to establish the Imje chong (Linji order) with its headquarters at Pǒmǒsa in Pusan. In 1919, he actively participated in the March First independence movement and signed the Korean Declarationof Independence as a representative of the Buddhist community. As a consequence, he was sentenced to three years in prison by Japanese colonial authorities. In prison, he composed the ''Chosǒn Tongnip ǔi so'' ("Declaration of Korea’s Independence"). In 1925, three years after he was released from prison, he published a book of poetry entitled ''Nim ǔi ch'immuk'' ("Silence of the Beloved"), a veiled call for the freedom of Korea (the "beloved" of the poem) and became a leader in resistance literature; this poem is widely regarded as a classic of Korean vernacular writing. In 1930, Han became publisher of the monthly journal ''Pulgyo'' ("Buddhism"), through which he attempted to popularize Buddhism and to raise the issue of Korean political sovereignty. Han Yongun continued to lobby for independence until his death in 1944 at the age of sixty-six, unable to witness the long-awaited independence of Korea that occurred a year later on August 15th, 1945, with Japan's surrender in World War II. (Source: "Han Yongun." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 344–45. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Glassman, H. + (Hank's research focuses on sacred art, rel … Hank's research focuses on sacred art, religious narrative, preaching traditions and gender in medieval Japanese Buddhism. His publications include “Shaka no honji: Preaching, Intertextuality, and Popular Hagiography,” ''Monumenta Nipponica'' 62/3 (Autumn 2007); “Chinese Buddhist Death Ritual and the Transformation of Japanese Kinship,” in ''The Buddhist Dead: Practices, Discourses, Representations'', ed. by Cuevas and Stone (Hawai'i, 2007); and ''The Face of Jizō: Image and Cult in Medieval Japanese Buddhism'' (Hawai'i, 2012).ieval Japanese Buddhism'' (Hawai'i, 2012).)
Havnevik, H. + (Hanna Havnevik is Associate Professor, Dep … Hanna Havnevik is Associate Professor, Department of Culture Studies and Oriental Languages,University of Oslo (since 2002).Undergraduate studies in Social Anthropology, History, and the Study of Religion at the universities of Bergen and Oslo. Magister Artium thesis: "Tibetan Buddhist Nuns; History, Cultural Norms and Social Reality"; Doctor philos. thesis: The Life on Jetsun Lochen Rinpoche (1865-1951) as Told in Her Autobiography." Associate Professor at the Department of Culture Studies and Oriental Languages from 2003, Professor from 2012. Chair of the Network for University Cooperation Tibet-Norway 2003-2010. President of the International Association for Tibetan Studies from 2019. In 2016 Hanna convened the 14th International Seminar of Tibetan Studies (IATS) at the University of Bergen, in cooperation with Astrid Hovden, Associate Professor, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, and a group of researchers from UiO and UiB.d a group of researchers from UiO and UiB.)
Gruber, H. + (Hans Gruber was born on January 5, 1959 in … Hans Gruber was born on January 5, 1959 in Ingolstadt. After graduating from high school, he came into contact with the perspectives and meditative practice of Tibetan Buddhism and in particular with many contemporary teachers and schools of early Buddhism in South Asia and Europe through various trips to Asia. He studied Indology in Hamburg with a focus on Buddhist studies, Tibetology and European history and then completed further training in journalism and public relations. Hans wrote the guide "Vipassana course book - ways and teachers of insight meditation" and practiced Vipassana and Anapanasati meditation for many decades. His website and blog focuses primarily on the early Buddhist meditations and what Buddhism means to the West today. Above all, he was in close contact with the English Vipassana teacher Christopher Titmuss for decades and was actively involved in his “Dharma Facilitator Program”. Hans interprets for various Dharma teachers at lectures and retreats, in particular the Malay-Chinese Vipassana teacher Bhante Sujiva, whose book "The Buddhist Heart Meditations" he translated into German. At the Hamburg Mindfulness Congress in 2011, he gave a widely acclaimed lecture on the early Buddhist mindfulness practice Vipassana. He dealt extensively with Nagarjuna's Madhyamaka teachings - the Middle Way - and the various physical and sensory Anapanasati training methods of Burmese and Thai Dhamma teachers such as S. N. Goenka, Ajahn Lee Dhammadaro and Buddhadasa Bikkhu. Hans was a passionate debater, sharp thinker and loved clarifying philosophical arguments. This sometimes led to challenging encounters, which often pushed the other person to their own limits. Some of us felt very alienated by his political and ideological drafts of the last few years, so that some broke off contact. His sudden, early and unexpected death brought a great deal of gratitude to many of us, and we remembered the generosity with which he shared his understanding of the Dhamma teachings and the opportunity for clarifying discussions on philosophical and practical questions of Buddhist teachings to lead him. In everyday life, Hans was an open, lovable, warm-hearted and helpful friend for many years. ([https://buddhismus-deutschland.de/nachruf-hans-gruber/ Source Accessed Oct. 20, 2022])—Alexandra Reif, Paul Stammeier0, 2022]) —Alexandra Reif, Paul Stammeier)
Bakker, H. + (Hans T. Bakker (born 1948) is a cultural h … Hans T. Bakker (born 1948) is a cultural historian and Indologist, who has served as the Professor of the History of Hinduism and Jan Gonda Chair at the University of Groningen. He currently works in the British Museum as a researcher in project "Beyond Boundaries: Religion, Region, Language and the State".CareerBefore joining the British Museum in 2014, Bakker was at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands where he was director of the Institute of Indian Studies at Groningen and, from 1996, Professor of the History of Hinduism in the Sanskrit Tradition and Indian Philosophy and holder of the Jan Gonda Chair at the University of Groningen. He has been a visiting fellow of All Souls College at the University of Oxford and a visiting professor at the University of Vienna and the University of Kyoto.Bakker's main research interest has been the political and religious culture of India in the fourth, fifth and sixth centuries. As part of this work he led the study of the earliest known version of the ''Skanda Purāṇa'' preserved in Kathmandu, Nepal. This version of the Skanda Purāṇa is substantially different from the ''Skanda Purāṇa'' known from manuscripts and the printed edition in India.Bakker has continued and expanded the best traditions of Dutch Indology and has trained a number of able scholars, among them Peter Bisschop (Leiden University), Harunaga Isaacson (University of Hamburg) and Yuko Yokochi (University of Kyoto).Bakker has been working as researcher in "Beyond Boundaries: Religion, Region, Language and the State", a project based in the British Museum that is funded by the European Research Council (2013–2019) ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_T._Bakker Source Accessed Feb 16, 2023])s_T._Bakker Source Accessed Feb 16, 2023]))
Kantor, H. + (Hans-Rudolf Kantor is Associate Professor … Hans-Rudolf Kantor is Associate Professor at Huafan University’s Graduate Institute of East Asian Humanities, Taipei. His fields of specialization are Chinese Buddhism, Chinese philosophy, comparative philosophy, and Chinese Intellectual History. He has published numerous articles on these topics and is also author of ''Die Heilslehre im Tiantai-Denken und der philosophische Begriff des Unendlichen bei Mou Zongsan'' (1909-1995): ''Die Verknüpfung von Heilslehre und Ontologie in der chinesischen Tiantai'' (1999). ([https://www.buddhismuskunde.uni-hamburg.de/pdf/4-publikationen/hamburg-buddhist-studies/hamburgup-hbs03-authors-linradich-mirror.pdf Source Accessed June 29, 2020])mirror.pdf Source Accessed June 29, 2020]))
Sun, H. + (Hao Sun, born 1987 in Nanjing, China, fini … Hao Sun, born 1987 in Nanjing, China, finished his major subjects of Sanskrit and Pali Languages & Literatures and minor subject of Japanese Language at Peking University, where he worked as one of the translators in the translation programme of Dīghanikāya from Pali into modern Chinese (published in 2012) and gained a Master’s degree with his work on Dvattiṃsākāraṃ of the Pāli Canon. He was an exchange-student from 2007 to 2008 at the Nepal Sanskrit University in Kathmandu. Since 2012 he pursued his doctor’s degree at the University of Hamburg. His PhD thesis centered on the Buddha-nature thought in the Śrīmālāsūtra. He is now working on the project "The Ethical Framework for Buddhist Meditation Practice". ([https://www.buddhismuskunde.uni-hamburg.de/en/personen/sun.html Source Accessed July 18, 2023])sonen/sun.html Source Accessed July 18, 2023]))
Shastri, H. + (Hara Prasad Shastri (Bengali: হরপ্রসাদ শাস … Hara Prasad Shastri (Bengali: হরপ্রসাদ শাস্ত্রী) (6 December 1853 – 17 November 1931), also known as Hara Prasad Bhattacharya, was an Indian academic, Sanskrit scholar, archivist and historian of Bengali literature. He is most known for discovering the Charyapada, the earliest known examples of Bengali literature.Hara Prasad Shastri was born in Kumira village in Khulna, Bengal (now in Bangladesh) to a family that hailed from Naihati in North 24 Parganas of the present-day West Bengal. The family name was Bhattacharya, a common Bengali surname.Shastri studied at the village school initially and then at Sanskrit College and Presidency College in Calcutta (now Kolkata). While in Calcutta, he stayed with the noted Bengali scholar and social reformer, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, who was a friend of Shastri's older brother Nandakumar Nyayachunchu.Shastri passed entrance (school-leaving) examination in 1871, First Arts, the undergraduate degree, in 1873, received a BA in 1876 and Honours in Sanskrit in 1877. Later, he was conferred the title of ''Shastri'' when he received a MA degree. The Shastri title was conferred on those who secured a first class (highest grade) and he was the only student in his batch (class) to do so. He then joined Hare School as a teacher in 1878.Hara Prasad Shastri held numerous positions. He became a professor at the Sanskrit College in 1883. At the same time, he worked as an Assistant Translator with the Bengal government. Between 1886 and 1894, besides teaching at the Sanskrit College, he was the Librarian of the Bengal Library. In 1895 he headed the Sanskrit department at Presidency College. During the winter 1898-99 he assisted Dr. Cecil Bendall during research in Nepal, collecting informations from the private Durbar Library of the Rana Prime Minister Bir Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana, and the total registration of manuscripts was later published as ''A Catalogue of Palm-Leaf and selected Paper Manuscripts belonging to the Durbar Library, Nepal'' (Calcutta 1905) with historical introduction by Cecil Bendall (including description of Gopal Raj Vamshavali).He became Principal of Sanskrit College in 1900, leaving in 1908 to join the government's Bureau of Information. Also, from 1921–1924, he was Professor and Head of the Department of Bengali and Sanskrit at Dhaka University.Shastri held different positions within the Asiatic Society, and was its President for two years. He was also President of Vangiya Sahitya Parishad for twelve years and was an honorary member of the Royal Asiatic Society in London.Shastri's first research article was "Bharat mahila", published in the periodical ''Bangadarshan'' when he was a student. Later, Shastri became a regular contributor to the periodical, which was then edited by the noted Bengali author Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay, authoring around thirty articles on different topics, as well as novel reviews. He was first introduced to research by Rajendralal Mitra, a noted Indologist, and translated the Buddhist Puranas which Mitra included in the book ''The Sanskrit Buddhist Literature of Nepal''. Shastri was also Mitra's assistant at the Asiatic Society, and became Director of Operations in Search of Sanskrit Manuscripts after Mitra's death.Shastri was instrumental in preparing the Catalogue of the Asiatic Society's approximately ten thousand manuscripts with the assistance of a few others. The long introduction to the Catalogue contains invaluable information on the history of Sanskrit literature.Shastri gradually became interested in collecting old Bengali manuscripts and ended up visiting Nepal several times, where, in 1907, he discovered the ''Charyageeti'' or ''Charyapada'' manuscripts. His painstaking research on the manuscript led to the establishment of ''Charyapada'' as the earliest known evidence of Bengali language. Shastri wrote about this finding in a 1916 paper titled "হাজার বছরের পুরোনো বাংলা ভাষায় রচিত বৌদ্ধ গান ও দোঁহা” (Hajar bochhorer purono Bangla bhasay rochito Bouddho gan o doha) meaning "Buddhist songs and verses written in Bengali a thousand years ago".Shastri was the collector and publisher of many other old works, author of many research articles, a noted historiographer, and recipient of a number of awards and titles.Some of his notable works were: ''Balmikir jai'','' Meghdoot byakshya'', ''Beneyer Meye'' (''The Merchant's Daughter'', a novel), ''Kancanmala'' (novel), ''Sachitra Ramayan'', ''Prachin Banglar Gourab'', and ''Bouddha dharma''.His English works include: ''Magadhan Literature'', ''Sanskrit Culture in Modern India'', and ''Discovery of Living Buddhism in Bengal''.He also discovered an old palm-leaf manuscript of Skanda Purana in a Kathmandu library in Nepal, written in Gupta script. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hara_Prasad_Shastri Source Accessed Mar 8, 2021])asad_Shastri Source Accessed Mar 8, 2021]))
Haribhaṭṭa + (Haribhaṭṭa lived perhaps not later than th … Haribhaṭṭa lived perhaps not later than the first half of the 5th century. Haribhaṭṭa is an Indian Buddhist poet who, in succession of Āryaśūra, has written a further Jātakamālā (Garland of narratives related to former births of the Buddha); up to now, no other works under his name are known to be extant in Sanskrit, Tibetan or Chinese. Since he praises the “teacher Śūra” (ācāryaśūra) as a composer of jātakas in the second introductory stanza of his Jātakamālā (ed. & trans. Hahn, 2011, 3–5), he must have lived contemporary with or later than this author. (Source: Steiner, Roland, “Haribhaṭṭa”, in: ''Encyclopedia of Buddhism Online'', Editor-in-Chief: Consulting Editors: Jonathan A. Silk, Oskar von Hinüber, Vincent Eltschinger. Consulted online on 16 August 2021 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2467-9666_enbo_COM_2031>First print edition: 20190619)666_enbo_COM_2031> First print edition: 20190619))
Grissom, H. + (Harriette Grissom lives in the Atlanta Met … Harriette Grissom lives in the Atlanta Metropolitan Area and has extensive experience as a writer, editor and production manager for business, non-profit, academic, scholarly and technical publications. ([https://www.linkedin.com/in/harriette-grissom-29879723 Source Accessed May 29, 2023])om-29879723 Source Accessed May 29, 2023]))
Sagolla, H. + (Hartmut Sagolla is Program Co-Director at … Hartmut Sagolla is Program Co-Director at Jewel Heart in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He organizes courses, classes, and study curriculum, creates study materials, transcribes and edits teachings from Tibetan master Gelek Rimpoche, andhelps organize Jewel Heart events around the US. In addition, he leads and guides meditation retreats, give talks, and leads classes. ([https://www.linkedin.com/in/hartmut-sagolla-5949101b/?locale=de_DE Adapted from Source May 5, 2021])le=de_DE Adapted from Source May 5, 2021]))
Dzogchen Pema Kalsang + (Having received an intense and enlightenin … Having received an intense and enlightening education with some of the most eminent masters of the 20th century, while still a teenager, Dzogchen Pema Kalsang Rinpoche became twelfth throne holder of Dzogchen Monastery. Throughout the bleak period of the 1960s and '70s, he managed to maintain and practice the Dharma in secret, and as soon as circumstances permitted, he completely rebuilt Dzogchen Monastery, Shirasing Buddhist College, and established the Lotus Ground Great Perfection Retreat Centre. He now devotes his time to teaching Dzogpa Chenpo to tens of thousands of studetns from all over the world, and to date, thirty-two volumes of his teachings have been published in Tibetan. (Source: [[Introduction to the Nature of Mind (Dzogchen Pema Kalsang)]] (2019), translated by [[Christian Stewart]].[[Christian Stewart]].)
Tenpa Tshering, Ngagyur Nyingma Khenpo + (He was born in Adrong in the Gojo region o … He was born in Adrong in the Gojo region of Kham and became a monk at young age at Goego Monastery, where he studied prayers and rituals. In 2004, he arrived in South India via Nepal and joined Namdrolling Monastery, where he began his study in grammar and language. In 2005, he joined Ngagyur Nyingma Institute and finished the nine-year program of study in general sciences and sūtra and tantric forms of Buddhism. Since the eighth grade, he served as assistant lecturer and manager of the summer retreat. He finished his education in 2015 and served as lecturer for eight years until 2022 and also as the treasurer for the Institute. He was conferred the title of Khenpo in 2023 by Karma Kuchen Rinpoche during the enthronement of the 8th cohort of Khenpos in Ngagyur Nyingma Institute. Currently, he is teaching at Tshogyal Shedrupling Nunnery. teaching at Tshogyal Shedrupling Nunnery.)
Ngawang Thokmey, CIHTS Khenpo + (He was born in Drukrephud village in Latol … He was born in Drukrephud village in Latolho in the Tsang region. From seven to eight, he went to local school, and in 2005 he joined Dongachodzong Monastery in Shar Khambu. In 2007, he joined Sakya College and studied the eighteen great treatises and other sciences for 10 years. In 2015, he obtained the Kachupa degree, in 2017 the Lopen title, and he was conferred the Khenpo title in 2022. After serving as assistant lecturer at Sakya College for two years, he was appointed in 2017 as lecturer for the Sakya tradition at the Central Institute for Higher Tibetan Studies, where he currently works.Tibetan Studies, where he currently works.)
Smin gling gcung ngag dbang chos grags + (He was born in Mindroling Monastery in the … He was born in Mindroling Monastery in the Earth Monkey year. His father was Pema Wangchen or Gyurme Kunga Tendzin, and his mother was Chimé Deden Drolma, the daughter of the eighth throneholder, Gyurme Yishyin Wangyal. He therefore shared the same father as the tenth throneholder, Gyurme Döndrup Wangyal, Penam Rinpoche, and Khenchen Ngawang Khyentse Norbu. He had the same mother as Penam Rinpoche, Jetsün Tsewang Lhamo (d. 1995) and Mayum Dechen Wangmo.He studied from a young age with many different teachers from Kham and Central Tibet. At the age of 21, he received full ordination from Khenchen Ngawang Norbu. He became the regent during the minority of Minling Trichen Rinpoche. After the tragedies of the cultural revolution he worked hard to revive the Mindroling tradition and to repair the monastery and give teachings and transmissions.He passed away in Lhasa in 1980 (or 1979 according to some sources). (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Minling_Chung_Rinpoche Rigpa Wiki])?title=Minling_Chung_Rinpoche Rigpa Wiki]))
Tenzin, Sakya Khenpo Sangyay + (He was born in Tibet in the year 1904, in … He was born in Tibet in the year 1904, in the area of Sakya... At the age of ten he became a novice monk, receiving his novice vows from Khenpo Rinzin Gyaltsen. He studied Buddhism with many distinguished masters, such as Drayab Thupten Zangpo...At the age of 37, he took full ordination in the presence of Zimhog Rinpoche in the lineage of the great Monastery of Sakya. Following the advice of his guru, he then became the abbot of Ngor Ewam Choden Monastery for three years, and then proceeded on to Tanak Thupten Namgyal Ling Monastery, founded by Gho Ramjampa. In this monastery he served 15 years as an abbot. The most remarkable events of his scholarly career include his teaching of the “Clear Differentiation of the Three Vows,” with his own commentary, to His Eminence Chobgye Trichen Rinpoche, and the oral transmission of the “Uncommon Stages of Meditation” by Kamalashila to His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama. To this day, His Holiness mentions his gratitude towards Khenchen Sangye Tenzin for having conferred this rare transmission.([https://sakyagurudarjeeling.wordpress.com/rinpoches/people/ Source Accessed May 20, 2020])hes/people/ Source Accessed May 20, 2020]))
Blo gsal bstan skyong + (He was born in the upper Nyang region of T … He was born in the upper Nyang region of Tsang. His mother died early and he was brought up by a nun who was a student of one of the great masters of this time, Tshechogling Yeshe Gyaltsen. Losal Tenkyong was then eventually recognized as the incarnation of Drubwang Losal Tsengyen (1727-1802). His education was rather eclectic and he studied with the great Gelugpa masters of his day, such as Ngulchu Dharmabhadra (1772-1851) and the masters of his own Zhalu monastery (zhwa lu) as well masters of Ngor and Sakya. He became a noted ritual expert and especially excelled in his practice of the Kalacakra. Several of his works are included in such collections as the "rgyud sde kun btus" and "sgrub thabs kun btus". In his personal practice he also emphasized the Shangpa Kagyu teachings very much. Even though he is not mentioned in any Shangpa lineage supplication, he was of instrumental importance for the survival of the Shangpa Kagyu tradition and even authored some important empowerment and instruction manuals which are still in use today. As the abbot of the famous Kadampa monastery of Zhalu in western Tibet, originally founded by the fourteenth century scholar and historian Buton Rinchen Drub (1290-1364), he eventually managed to achieve the unsealing of the printing blocks of Taranatha's works at Jonang monastery, which contain so many Shangpa materials of crucial importance. He was a close friend and associate of both Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo and Jamgön Kongtrul Lodrö Thaye, and passed on a large number of transmissions to them, especially to Jamyang Khyentse, who received the full Shangpa Kagyu transmissions from him. (Source: [http://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/Shalu_Ribug_Tulku_Losal_Tenkyong RYwiki])/Shalu_Ribug_Tulku_Losal_Tenkyong RYwiki]))
Sangye Nyenpa, 9th + (He was the older brother of H.H. Dilgo Khy … He was the older brother of H.H. Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche (1910-1991) and the root teacher of Ven. Kyabje Tenga Rinpoche (1932-2012) of Benchen monastery. Sangye Nyenpa was recognized and confirmed as the authentic incarnation of the previous 8th Sangye Nyenpa Tendzin Drubchog, by the 15th Karmapa Kakhyab Dorje (1871-1922). The Karmapa had had a vision of the protective deity Palden Lhamo, in which he saw a vajra appearing in her mirror and heard the name Sangye Nyenpa and his family's name "Dilgo" spoken. Also, before his birth a resident lama on the Dilgo estate dreamed repeatedly of a famous pair of cymbals kept in Benchen monastery being played in the house. This was felt to mean that the incarnation of Sangye Nyenpa would be born there. The Karmapa gave him the name Karma Geleg Drubpe Nyima Thrinle Ozer Kunkhyab Palzangpo (karma dge legs sgrub pa'i nyi ma phrin las 'od zer kun khyab dpal bzang po). From Drongpa Lama Tendzin Chögyal, Tenga Rinpoche's previous incarnation, he received many empowerments and oral transmissions, among them the Kagyu Ngagdzo and the 9th Karmapa Wangchug Dorje's (1556-1603) Chikshe Kundröl collection. In about 1904, aged eight, Sangye Nyenpa met with the omniscient Mipham Rinpoche Namgyal Gyatso (1846-1912) and received the oral transmissions of the Manjushrinamasamgiti from him. From Mipham Rinpoche's disciple Lama Ösal, he later received the transmission of all his works. Around that time he also received novice ordination from Palpung monastery's famous Khenchen Tashi Öser. Until age 20, Sangye Nyenpa attended upon many great masters of his time and received all the Kagyu and Nyingma transmissions, as well as the Jonang and Zhalu tradition's Kalacakra and much more. From the 2nd Tsike Chokling Könchok Gyurme Tenpei Gyaltsen () he received important transmissions from the Chokling Tersar and from Lama Karma Tashi Chöphel, a close disciple of Jamgon Kongtrul, the transmission of Kongtrul's works. Later, when in Tsurphu monastery in Central Tibet for six months, he received transmissions and instruction on all the major Mahamudra works of the Kagyu traditions from the 15th Karmapa, as well as the Six Doctrines of Naropa, many protector empowerments, and other teachings. In particular, he was fortunate to receive the special longevity transmission of the revelations of Surmang Tertön Zilnön Namkhai Dorje (zur mang gter ston zil gnon nam mkha'i rdo rje), when the same came to Tsurphu as well, to offer it to the Karmapa. Two other great Karma Kagyu masters who were to become two of Sangye Nyenpa's most important root teachers, were the 11th Tai Situpa Pema Wangchog Gyalpo (pad ma dbang mchog rgyal po, 1886-1952), from whom he received full monastic ordination in his twenties, and the 2nd Kongtrul, Jamgon Choktrul Palden Khyentse Özer ('jam mgon mchog sprul dpal ldan mkhyen brtse'i 'od zer, 1904-1953), commonly known as Karsey Kongtrul. From the masters of the major Nyingma monasteries in eastern Tibet, such as Khatog, Shechen and Dzogchen, Sangye Nyenpa received many Terma transmissions, such as the revelations of Ratna Lingpa, Dorje Linga and Sangye Lingpa, and much more. His outlook and practice having been completely non-sectarian, he also received and transmitted teachings from the Sakyapa and Gelugpa schools. Practicing many solitary retreats in which he trained in all the major transmissions he had received, he experienced many visionary encounters with masters of the past and received instructions and prophecies from them, as well as from yidam deities and dakinis. In 1959 he fled Eastern Tibet, first to Central Tibet, where he spent time at Tsurphu monastery with the 16th Karmapa Rangjung Rigpe Dorje (rang byung rig pa'i rdo rje, 1924-1981), and then on to Sikkim, where he spent his remaining years in the Karmapa's Rumtek monastery. He passed away on "Lhabab Düchen", the 22nd day of the 9th month of the Tibetan Water-Tiger year, 1962. In November 1964 the 10th Sangye Nyenpa Rinpoche was born near the sacred site of Paro Taktsang in Bhutan.H.H. Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche has composed a short biography of his older brother. It is entitled "sangs rgyas mnyan sprul dgu pa'i rnam thar mdor bsdus pa'i sa bon" and is included in Vol. 1, pp. 275-306 of his collected works. (Source: [https://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/9th_Sangye_Nyenpa_Rinpoche RYWiki])ex.php/9th_Sangye_Nyenpa_Rinpoche RYWiki]))
Keel, H. + (Hee-Sung Keel is professor emeritus of com … Hee-Sung Keel is professor emeritus of comparative religion and Buddhist studies at Sogagng University in Seoul, Korea. He is the author of ''Chinul: The Founder of teh Korean Sǒn Tradition'', Berkeley Buddhist Studies Series 6 (Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, 1984) and ''Understanding Shinran: A Dialogical Approach'', Nanzan Studies in Asian Religions 6 (Berkeley: Asian Humanities Press, 1995), as well as numerous works in Korean and English on Buddhism and interreligious studies. (Source: Robert E. Buswell Jr., "About the Contributors," in ''Currents and Countercurrents: Korean Influences on East Asian Buddhist Traditions'', University of Hawai'i Press, 2005, 277), University of Hawai'i Press, 2005, 277))
Köppl, H. + (Heidi I. Köppl has translated for Tibetan … Heidi I. Köppl has translated for Tibetan lamas in Kathmandu for many years and has a degree in Tibetology from the University of Copenhagen. Heidi translated at the Ka-Nying Shedrub Ling Monastery in Nepal for more than a decade and has been a faculty member at the Kathmandu University Centre for Buddhist Studies. Heidi has a degree in Tibetology from the University of Copenhagen, and has translated works such as ''Illuminating the Thirty-Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva'' and ''Establishing Appearances as Divine''. (Source: [https://wisdomexperience.org/content-author/heidi-i-koppl/ Wisdom Experience])-author/heidi-i-koppl/ Wisdom Experience]))
Nevin, H. + (Heidi Nevin studied Tibetan language at Ma … Heidi Nevin studied Tibetan language at Manjushri Center for Tibetan Culture (1996-8); apprenticed to Kyabje Chatral Rinpoche (1996-2003); served Lama Tharchin by helping to translate the mkha’ ‘gro thugs thig (Vol. Ma of Dudjom Rinpoche’s Collected Works) and other texts (2006-present). She translated the autobiography of Khenpo Ngakchung (Wondrous Dance of Illusion, Shambhala, 2013, restricted text) and volume one of Dungse Trinley Norbu Rinpoche’s three-volume Collected Works (Shambhala 2022, as Ruby Rosary). She is currently translating volume 20 of the Complete Nyingma Tradition (mdo rgyud mdzod), among other things. Heidi lives in Corvallis, Oregon, USA.gs. Heidi lives in Corvallis, Oregon, USA.)
Eggeling, J. + (Heinrich Julius Eggeling (1842–1918) was P … Heinrich Julius Eggeling (1842–1918) was Professor of Sanskrit at the University of Edinburgh from 1875 to 1914, second holder of its Regius Chair of Sanskrit, and Secretary of the Royal Asiatic Society, London.Eggeling was translator and editor of the Satapatha Brahmana in 5 volumes of the monumental Sacred Books of the East series edited by Max Müller, author of the main article on Sanskrit in the Encyclopædia Britannica, and curator of the University Library from 1900 to 1913. In August 1914 he left for a vacation in his native Germany, but because of World War I, he was unable to return before his death in 1918. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Eggeling Source Accessed Mar 22, 2021])us_Eggeling Source Accessed Mar 22, 2021]))
Bechert, H. + (Heinz Bechert (born June 26, 1932 in Munic … Heinz Bechert (born June 26, 1932 in Munich , † June 14, 2005 in Göttingen) was a German Indologist and Buddhologist.From 1965 to 2000, Bechert held the professorship in Indology at the University of Göttingen. In 1971, on his initiative, the former "Indological Seminar" was renamed "Seminar for Indology and Buddhist Studies."Bechert's main research areas were Indology and Buddhism, with a focus on Theravada Buddhism in Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia and Nepal. In addition, he dealt with Buddhist Sanskrit tradition in Central Asia as well as the political and social significance of the Buddhist religious community up to the present day.His language skills included Sanskrit, Middle Indian languages (Pali, several Prakrits), Tibetan, Sinhala and Burmese.He published numerous scientific papers and works. Together with Ernst Waldschmidt, he was the editor of the ''Sanskrit dictionary of Buddhist texts from the Turfan finds''. ([https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinz_Bechert Source Accessed Sep 9 2021])Heinz_Bechert Source Accessed Sep 9 2021]))
Gzhon nu rin chen + (Held the monastic seat of Sangphu for 12 years, starting from wood rabbit year of the 5th rabjung until the fire rabbit year of the 6th rabjung, 1315-1327.)
Blankleder, H. + (Helena Blankleder holds a degree in Modern … Helena Blankleder holds a degree in Modern Languages. She completed two three-year retreats at Chanteloube, France (1980-1985 and 1986-1989). She is a professional translator and a member of the Padmakara Translation Group, Dordogne, France. Helena has been a Tsadra Foundation Fellow since 2001.een a Tsadra Foundation Fellow since 2001.)
Eimer, H. + (Helmut Eimer, Ph.D. (1974) in Indology, Ti … Helmut Eimer, Ph.D. (1974) in Indology, Tibetan and Oriental Art History, University of Bonn, is a senior researcher (emeritus) at that same university. He has published extensively on, e.g. the life of Atisha (Dipankarashrijnana), Kanjur transmission, collections of Tibetan manuscripts and blockprints. His most recent work is ''The Early Mustang Kanjur Catalogue'' (dkar chag) (Vienna, 1999). ([https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Many_Canons_of_Tibetan_Buddhism.html?id=jubNIsX6P50C Source Accessed Feb 22, 2021])ubNIsX6P50C Source Accessed Feb 22, 2021]))
Hoffmann, H. + (Helmut Hoffmann (August 24, 1912 – October … Helmut Hoffmann (August 24, 1912 – October 8, 1992) was a German Tibetologist. From 1931 he studied ancient languages and Sanskrit in Freiburg im Breisgau and from 1932 in Berlin. After graduating as PhD in Berlin in 1939 he became a professor in Munich (1948–1968) and in Bloomington (Indiana) (1969–1980). [https://badw.de/fileadmin/nachrufe/Hoffmann%20Helmut.pdf See Obituary]chrufe/Hoffmann%20Helmut.pdf See Obituary])
Tauscher, H. + (Helmut Tauscher is a retired research scho … Helmut Tauscher is a retired research scholar. He was affiliated with the Institute for South Asian, Tibetan and Buddhist Studies in the Department of Tibetan and Buddhist Studies at Vienna University. He is a life-member of the Drepung Loseling Library Society in Mundgod, Karnataka, India and since 1991 has been engaged in a research project entitled "Western Tibetan Manuscripts, 11-14 c." He is the author of numerous articles and book-length works on Madhyamaka, including ''Die Lehre von den Zwei Wirklichkeiten in Tsoń kha pas Madhyamaka-Werken'' (1995) and an edition of Phya pa chos kyi seng ge's ''dBu ma shar gsum gyi stong thun'' (1999). ([https://books.google.com/books?id=tIw1BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA398&lpg=PA398&dq=Helmut+Tauscher+He+is+a+life-member+of+the+Drepung+Loseling+Library+Society+in+Mundgod,+Karnataka,+India&source=bl&ots=M2WVZOYOIe&sig=ACfU3U2hZYk8YIUH416oCkmz58TTSX3EFg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiP_aqhlN_qAhVIQ80KHYpDALoQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=Helmut%20Tauscher%20He%20is%20a%20life-member%20of%20the%20Drepung%20Loseling%20Library%20Society%20in%20Mundgod%2C%20Karnataka%2C%20India&f=false Adapted from Author's Biography in ''The Svātantrika-Prāsaṇgika Distinction'', Wisdom Publications 2003, 398])ography in ''The Svātantrika-Prāsaṇgika Distinction'', Wisdom Publications 2003, 398]))
Sure, H. + (Heng Sure (恆實法師, Pinyin: Héng Shí, birth n … Heng Sure (恆實法師, Pinyin: Héng Shí, birth name Christopher R. Clowery; born October 31, 1949) is an American Chan Buddhist monk. He is a senior disciple of Hsuan Hua, and is currently the director of the Berkeley Buddhist Monastery, a branch monastery of the Dharma Realm Buddhist Association. He is probably best known for a pilgrimage he made for two years and six months from 1977–1979. Called a three steps, one bow pilgrimage, Heng Sure and his companion Heng Chau (Martin Verhoeven), bowed from South Pasadena to Ukiah, California, a distance of 800 miles, seeking world peace.[2][3]Born in Toledo, Ohio, he attended DeVilbiss High School, Oakland University in Rochester, Michigan, and the University of California at Berkeley from 1971–1976. During his time at the university, Heng Sure was active in theatre. At an early age, Heng Sure learned Chinese from studying the language in high school and by means of his sister, who worked at the U.S. Information Agency. After receiving his masters in Oriental languages, he met his teacher, Hsuan Hua, who would later ordain him in 1976 at the City of Ten Thousand Buddhas, as "Heng Sure" a Dharma name which means "Constantly Real." Heng Sure earned an MA degree in Oriental Languages from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1976 and a PhD in Religion from the Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley, in 2003.Heng Sure currently gives lectures in Berkeley to the public and through webcasts. Heng Sure also gives lectures in many parts of the world on various subjects, such as the sutras and veganism. He is also an accomplished musician and guitarist.In 2008, Heng Sure published his first music CD "Paramita: American Buddhist Folk Songs".In October 2018, he participated in the Fifth World Buddhist Forum held in Putian, Fujian Province of China, and at the closing ceremony, read with the patriarchal Zongxing the Declaration of the Fifth World Buddhist Forum. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heng_Sure Source Accessed Sep 13, 2021])i/Heng_Sure Source Accessed Sep 13, 2021]))
Feer, L. + (Henri-Léon Feer, born in Rouen on November … Henri-Léon Feer, born in Rouen on November 22, 1830 and died in Paris on March 10, 1902, was a French linguist and orientalist . Léon Feer studied at the Royal College (then high school) in Rouen (1842-49). He learned Persian at the School of Oriental Languages with E. Quatremère as a teacher, then Sanskrit at the College de France with Philippe-Édouard Foucaux.He became a professor at the School of Oriental Languages in 1864, succeeding Philippe-Édouard Foucaux in the Chair of Tibetan and in 1872 librarian in the manuscripts department of the National Library.He participated in the Congresses of Orientalists in Paris (1873), London (1874), Leiden (1883), Vienna (1886), Stockholm (1889) and Geneva (1894). He also became a member of the council of the Indo-Chinese Academic Society , and published, in addition to books, articles in numerous journals. A specialist in Sanskrit , also knowing Tibetan , Mongolian and Pali , he translated many ancient texts (notably the Tibetan Kanjur ). ([https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Feer Source Accessed Aug 29, 2023])3%A9on_Feer Source Accessed Aug 29, 2023]))
Sorensen, H. + (Henrik H. Sørensen is director of the Semi … Henrik H. Sørensen is director of the Seminar for Buddhist Studies in Copenhagen. His fields of interest covers East Asian Buddhism broadly defined with special emphasis on the relationship between religious practice and material culture including religious art. Especially various forms of Esoteric Buddhism (''mijiao, mikkyō and milgyŏ'') have taken precedence over other forms of East Asian Buddhism, although Chinese Chan and Korean Sŏn Buddhism continue to be fields of his major interest. Among his recent publications are: Orzech, Charles D., Henrik H. Sørensen and Richard K. Payne, ed. ''Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras in East Asia''. Leiden: Brill, 2011; "The Meeting and Conflation of Chan and Esoteric Buddhism during the Tang." In ''Chán Buddhism—Dūnhuáng and Beyond: Texts, Manuscripts, and Contexts'', edited by Christoph Anderl (forthcoming 2015); “Spells and Magical Practices as Reflected in the Early Chinese Buddhist Sources (c. 300–600 CE) and their Implications for the Rise and Development of Esoteric Buddhism.” In ''Chinese and Tibetan Tantric Buddhism'', edited by Meir Sahar and Yael Bentor (forthcoming, 2016). ([https://brill.com/display/book/9789004307438/B9789004307438_001.xml Source Accessed Aug 1, 2023])7438_001.xml Source Accessed Aug 1, 2023]))
Chatterjee, H. + (Heramba Chatterjee Śāstri is Professor and Head of the Department of Pāli, Sanskrit College, Calcutta.)
Jacobi, H. + (Hermann Georg Jacobi (11 February 1850 – 1 … Hermann Georg Jacobi (11 February 1850 – 19 October 1937) was an eminent German Indologist.Jacobi was born in Köln (Cologne) on 11 February 1850. He was educated in the gymnasium of Cologne and then went to the University of Berlin, where initially he studied mathematics, but later, probably under the influence of Albrecht Weber, switched to Sanskrit and comparative linguistics, which he studied under Weber and Johann Gildemeister. He obtained his doctorate from the University of Bonn. The subject of his thesis, written in 1872, was the origin of the term "hora" in Indian astrology.Jacobi was able to visit London for a year, 1872–1873, where he examined the Indian manuscripts available there. The next year, with Georg Buehler, he visited Rajasthan, India, where manuscripts were being collected. At Jaisalmer Library, he came across Jain Manuscripts, which were of abiding interest to him for the rest of his life. He later edited and translated many of them, both into German and English, including those for Max Mueller's Sacred Books of the East.In 1875, he became a docent in Sanskrit at Bonn; from 1876-85 was professor extraordinarius of Sanskrit and Comparative Philology at Münster, Westphalia; in 1885 was made professor ordinarius of Sanskrit at Kiel; and in 1889 was appointed professor of Sanskrit at Bonn. He served as professor in Bonn until his retirement in 1922. After his retirement, Jacobi remained active, lecturing and writing till his death in 1937. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Jacobi Source Accessed Aug 21, 2023])mann_Jacobi Source Accessed Aug 21, 2023]))
Oldenberg, H. + (Hermann Oldenberg (31 October 1854 – 18 Ma … Hermann Oldenberg (31 October 1854 – 18 March 1920) was a German scholar of Indology, and Professor at Kiel (1898) and Göttingen (1908).Oldenberg was born in Hamburg. His 1881 study on Buddhism, entitled Buddha: Sein Leben, seine Lehre, seine Gemeinde, based on Pāli texts, popularized Buddhism and has remained continuously in print since its first publication. With T. W. Rhys Davids, he edited and translated into English three volumes of Theravada Vinaya texts, two volumes of the (Vedic) Grhyasutras and two volumes of Vedic hymns on his own account, in the monumental Sacred Books of the East series edited by Max Müller. With his Prolegomena (1888), Oldenberg laid the groundwork to the philological study of the Rigveda.In 1919 he became a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. He died in Göttingen. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Oldenberg Source Accessed Aug 24, 2023])n_Oldenberg Source Accessed Aug 24, 2023]))
Heshang Moheyan + (Heshang Moheyan [or Hashang Mahāyāna] was … Heshang Moheyan [or Hashang Mahāyāna] was the Chinese abbot whom Kamalashila defeated in a famous debate at Samyé. He is said to have been a representative of a form of Ch’an meditation, but in a rather nihilistic form. He taught that meditation consists of not doing anything at all in the mind, and that this can bring about sudden enlightenment, without the need even to practice the six paramitas. Tibetan scholars throughout the centuries have often accused one another of adhering to Hashang’s system, and often put this down to the particular tendrel created when he “left his shoes behind” in Tibet following his defeat. ([https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Hashang Source Accessed Oct 22, 2019])tle=Hashang Source Accessed Oct 22, 2019]))
Wayman, H. + (Hideko Wayman was a translator of Buddhist … Hideko Wayman was a translator of Buddhist works and the wife of the Buddhist studies scholar Alex Wayman (1921–2004). She was a graduate of Tsuda College of Tokyo in her native Japan and subsequently earned an M.A. at the University of California, Berkeley.While Alex Wayman was writing his doctoral dissertation, "Analysis of the''Śrāvakabhūmi'' Manuscript," she studied the ''Śrāvakabhūmi'' in Hsüan-tsang's Chinese translation as well as in the Japanese rendition.One of the books Hideko Wayman co-authored with her husband was a translation of the third-century Buddhist scripture ''Lion's Roar of Queen Śrīmālā'', published by Columbia Univ. Press under the auspices of the Translation Committee on Asian Classics at Columbia. Hideko's research and translation of Chinese and Japanese sources complemented Wayman's work in Sanskrit and Tibetan sources. As the cotranslator of this work, she added to the introductions and annotations, supplied important data from the Sino-Japanese commentaries, and supervised preparation of the Glossary, Appendix, and Index. (Adapted from ''The Lion's Roar of Queen Śrīmālā'', translators' note, xv)of Queen Śrīmālā'', translators' note, xv))
Herdman, H. + (Hilary Herdman, Ph.D, studied and taught a … Hilary Herdman, Ph.D, studied and taught at Rangjung Yeshe Institute at Ka-Nying Shedrub Ling monastery since 2000. Hilary was a founding member of the Dharmachakra Translation Committee. She completed an MA and later a Ph.D in Buddhist Studies at the University of Bristol, UK. Her thesis concerned the origins of pilgrimage and her research interests include pilgrimage, devotional and ritual practices, and their significance in the Buddhist tradition. She is a member of Samye Institute Executive Committee. She humbly wishes to thank her teachers, Khyabje Chökyi Nyima Rinpoche and Phakchok Rinpoche for their tremendous compassion, wisdom and kindness. Hilary feels deep gratitude to all the excellent Buddhist teachers throughout the years, and the lamas, khenpos, and nuns associated with Ka-Nying Shedrub Ling monastery. ([https://samyeinstitute.org/instructors/hilary-herdman/ Source Accessed Mar 9, 2023])ary-herdman/ Source Accessed Mar 9, 2023]))
Kawanami, H. + (Hiroko Kawanami is a social anthropologist … Hiroko Kawanami is a social anthropologist and Buddhist studies scholar interested in gender and Buddhism, dissemination of knowledge and moral values, social justice and wellbeing, charismatic power(s) of monastic practitioners, and more recently on Buddhist orthodoxy and how heretical monks are created in Myanmar.She is fluent in vernacular Myanmar and Japanese, can read classical Chinese and Pali, and has conducted research on the Buddhist monastic community in Myanmar for the last three decades. Her most recent monographs are ''The Culture of Giving in Myanmar'' (2020 Bloomsbury) and ''Renunciation and Empowerment of Buddhist Nuns in Myanmar-Burma'' (2013 Brill) http://www.brill.com/renunciation-and-empowerment-buddhist-nuns-myanmar-burma. She has also also edited ''Buddhism, International Relief Work, and Civil Society'' (2013 Palgrave Macmillan) and ''Buddhism and the Political Process'' (2016 PM). ([https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/people/hiroko-kawanami(341ea850-733e-4a82-ae44-49389600e865).html Adapted from Source Nov 20, 2023])5).html Adapted from Source Nov 20, 2023]))
Sangye Nyenpa, 10th + (His Eminence, the 10th Sangye Nyenpa Rinpo … His Eminence, the 10th Sangye Nyenpa Rinpoche was born in 1964 at Paro Taktsang, Guru Rinpoche’s temple, Bhutan and was recognized by His Holiness, the 16th Karmapa, who saw through His undiluted wisdom eye the birthplace, the name of the parents, the year and sign of birth and thus gave clear indications. Nyenpa Rinpoche was born in a family of practitioners; Sangye Lekpa and the mother Karma Tshewang Choden.At the tender age of four, he brought to Rumtek Monastery by His Holiness the 16th Karmapa Ranjung Rigpe Dorje, where he was enthroned by His Holiness the 16th Karmapa and given the name of "Karma Palden Rangjung Thrinle Kunkyab Tenpe Gyaltsen Pal Sangpo". He received from His Holiness the 16th Karmapa the Novice and Bodhisattva vows, many empowerment of the highest Yoga Tantra, instructions on Chagchen Da Ser, Marig Münsel (Eliminating the Darkness of Ignorance), Chöku Tzubtsug (Pointing out the Dharmakaya), etc and this was introduced to the ultimate realisation. His Eminence Sangye Nyenpa was brought up at Rumstek Monastery by His Holiness the 16th Karmapa and many other masters; had a particularly close relationship with His Holiness Dilgo Kyentse Rinpoche. The previous 9th Sangye Nyenpa Rinpoche, who passed away in Rumstek in 1962, had been His Holiness Dilgo Kyentse Rinpoche's older brother. From an early age, he has been studying Buddhist philosophy with various teachers of the Kagyu and Nyingma traditions, including His Holiness the 16th Karmapa and His Holiness Dilgo Kyentse Rinpoche. His thorough education on Sutrayana and Tantrayana textual learning, philosophy, liturgy, meditation and so forth at Nalanda Institute in Rumstek, Sikkim was a total of eighteen years and obtained the title of an Acharya. An accomplished scholar and practitioner, His Eminence Sangye Nyenpa Rinpoche taught three years at the Institute.His Eminence Sangye Nyenpa Rinpoche is one of the most learned Rinpoches in both philosophy and tantric rituals. When the construction of the Benchen Monastery was completed in the early nineties, His Eminence Sangye Nyenpa Rinpoche gave the transmission of the whole Kangyur to several thousand people.In recent years, he has restored his traditional seat in Nangchen, the great Benchen Monastery, which was originally founded by the 4th Sangye Nyenpa Rinpoche. The Benchen Monastery is being looked after by himself and in 2006, on the 15th day of the new Tibetan year, the third three year- three-fortnight retreat began under the Sangye Nyenpa Rinpoche's guidance.His other projects consisted of completion of a monastic university, or "Shedra" in Pharping near Kathmandu for the purpose of teaching Buddhist Philosophy. He has also rebuilt the monastery in Qinghai, China and has also been giving transmission to His Holiness the 17th Karmapa in Gyuto Monastery and as well as to many monks & to the public at Sherabling Monastery, India. As of recent His Eminence Sangye Nyenpa Rinpoche has a vision to built a modest retreat centre in Gomphukora, East Bhutan at a religious ground that was blessed by Guru Rinpoche with many auspicious prayers carried out from time to time and is one of the pilgrimage grounds in Bhutan. Currently, His Eminence Sangye Nyenpa travels to several countries in Asia and as far as Europe every year to spread Dharma teachings, give transmission to the public and effortlessly trying to help as many people as possible. Sangye Nyenpa Rinpoche resides at Benchen Phuntsok Dargyeling Monastery in Kathmandu, Nepal.tsok Dargyeling Monastery in Kathmandu, Nepal.)
Sakya Trizin, 41st + (His Holiness Kyabgon Gongma Trichen Rinpoc … His Holiness Kyabgon Gongma Trichen Rinpoche (The Sakya Trichen) served as the 41st head of the Sakya Order of Tibetan Buddhism until March 2017, when the throneholder duties were handed over to His Holiness Ratna Vajra Rinpoche, the 42nd Sakya Trizin, formally addressed as His Holiness Kyabgon Gongma Trizin Rinpoche.His Holiness the Sakya Trichen is a member of Tibet‘s noble Khon family, which founded the Sakya Order in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Just as His Holiness the Dalai Lama is an emanation of Avalokiteshvara, the manifestation of all the Buddha’s great compassion, His Holiness the Sakya Trichen is the manifestation of all the Buddha’s transcendent wisdom.In addition to his leadership of the Sakya Order for over fifty years, His Holiness Sakya Trichen is renowned throughout the world for the brilliance and clarity of his teachings and his fluency and precise command of English. Receiving teachings directly from His Holiness carries a special lineage of blessings from the founders of the Sakya Order, as well as from Manjushri himself. ([http://hhsakyatrizin.net/sakya-trichen/ Source Accessed June 26, 2020])His Holiness was born on the 7th of September 1945, the 1st day of the 8th Lunar month in the year of the Wood Bird at the Sakya palace in Tsedong.A complete bio and family history is available here on [http://hhsakyatrizin.net/sakya-trichen/ H.H. the Sakya Trizin's personal website].H.H. the Sakya Trizin's personal website].)
Penor Rinpoche + (His Holiness Penor Rinpoche (Wyl. pad nor … His Holiness Penor Rinpoche (Wyl. pad nor rin po che) or Kyabjé Drubwang Pema Norbu Rinpoche (1932-2009) was the 11th throne holder of the Palyul Lineage of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. He was the supreme head of the Nyingmapa lineage from 1993 to 2001.H.H. Penor Rinpoche was born in 1932, in the Powo region of Kham, East Tibet. Choktrul Rinpoche was his main master, although he received teachings from many lamas. Beside becoming learned in several subjects including writing, poetry, astrology and medicine, he studied the sutras with different khenpos.Aged twelve, he received from Choktrul Rinpoche the most important transmissions and empowerments of the Nyingma School, including the great empowerment of the Kagyé and the Rinchen Terdzö empowerments. From Karma Kuchen Rinpoche he received the terma revelations of Ratna Lingpa.At twenty one he was fully ordained by his master at Tarthang Monastery following the vinaya lineage transmitted to Tibet by Shantarakshita, receiving all the essential instructions and empowerments of the Nyingma tradition.He also received at that time the cycle of Tendrel Nyesel, Lerab Lingpa’s great terma revelation. He then completed a Vajrakilaya retreat and, having received all the transmissions of the Kangyur and Tengyur, he entered into retreat for four years during which his master gave him all the transmissions of the Palyul tradition, following the secret oral instructions of Tertön Mingyur Dorjé’s Namchö.Penor Rinpoche successfully completed all the stages of the practice, accomplishing the root recitations of the Three Roots (lama, yidam, and khandro), the Namchö preliminary practices, tummo and tsa-lung, and Dzogchen practices.He fled Tibet in 1959 and subsequently established Namdroling Monastery which is located in Karnataka State, in Southern India. Namdroling has become the largest Nyingma monastery in the world, where many khenpos, monks and nuns are receiving an education. Khenpo Namdrol, among others, is one of the main senior khenpos teaching at the shedra of Namdroling.Penor Rinpoche made his first visit to the United States in 1985.In 1993, he was elected the Supreme Head of the Nyingmapa, succeeding Kyabjé Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche. In 2001 the title passed to Kyabjé Minling Trichen Rinpoche. ([https://shakyamuni.net/lineage/his-holiness-penor-rinpoche/ Source])eage/his-holiness-penor-rinpoche/ Source]))
Dalai Lama, 14th + (His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin G … His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, describes himself as a simple Buddhist monk. He is the spiritual leader of Tibet. He was born on 6 July 1935, to a farming family, in a small hamlet located in Taktser, Amdo, northeastern Tibet. At the age of two, the child, then named Lhamo Dhondup, was recognized as the reincarnation of the previous 13th Dalai Lama, Thubten Gyatso.The Dalai Lamas are believed to be manifestations of Avalokiteshvara or Chenrezig, the Bodhisattva of Compassion and the patron saint of Tibet. Bodhisattvas are realized beings inspired by a wish to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings, who have vowed to be reborn in the world to help humanity. ([https://www.dalailama.com/the-dalai-lama/biography-and-daily-life/brief-biography Read more here . . .])ife/brief-biography Read more here . . .]))
Karmapa, 17th + (His Holiness the 17th Gyalwang Karmapa Org … His Holiness the 17th Gyalwang Karmapa Orgyen Trinley Dorje is the head of the 900-year-old Karma Kagyu Lineage and guide to millions of Buddhists around the world. Orgyen Trinley Dorje is a Tibetan practitioner and scholar, a painter, poet, songwriter and playwright, an environmental and social justice activist, and world spiritual leader who uses modern technology, such as Facebook and other digital platforms, to teach Buddhism and bring the Karma Kagyu lineage’s activities fully into the 21st century. You can see some of the projects he has initiated on Adarsha or Dharma Treasures: [https://digital-toolbox.dharma-treasure.org/ Digital Toolbox] & [https://dharmaebooks.org/ Dharma Books] [https://kagyuoffice.org/news/ News and links to teachings from His Holiness]*[https://kagyuoffice.org/joint-long-life-prayer-for-kunzig-shamar-rinpoches-reincarnation/ Long Life Prayer for Shamar Rinpoche with HH Karmapa Trinley Thaye Dorje]*[https://www.facebook.com/karmapa/ Facebook - Live Teachings and News]*[http://www.kagyuoffice.org/karmapa.html Karmapa Biography from kagyuoffice.org]*[https://kagyu.org/gyalwang-karmapa-ogyen-trinley-dorje/ Karmapa Biography from kagyu.org][[Category:Karmapas]]Category:Karmapas]])
Sakya Trizin, 42nd + (His Holiness the 42nd Kyabgon Gongma Trizi … His Holiness the 42nd Kyabgon Gongma Trizin, Ratna Vajra Rinpoche, is the eldest son of His Holiness Sakya Trichen (the 41st Sakya Trizin). He is considered one of the most highly qualified lineage masters of Tibetan Buddhism. Renowned for his erudition and the clarity of his teachings, His Holiness the 42nd Sakya Trizin the prestigious Khön family, whose successive generations have provided an unbroken lineage of outstanding masters.On March 9, 2017, His Holiness accepted the mantle of leadership from his esteemed father and root guru, in his new capacity as the 42nd Sakya Trizin or throne holder of the lineage. In doing so, he will continue to guide and inspire Dharma students from all over the world with his wisdom, genuine qualities of unaffected simplicity, humility and complete honesty, by presenting the Buddha’s teachings in the most authentic way, while maintaining the purest of Buddhist traditions.[https://hhsakyatrizin.net/42nd-sakya-trizin/ Source accessed on July 11, 2023]-trizin/ Source accessed on July 11, 2023])
Inui, H. + (Hitoshi Inui is a professor at Koyasan Uni … Hitoshi Inui is a professor at Koyasan University in the Department of Esoteric Buddhism. His main areas of specialization are Chinese, Indian, and Buddhist Philosophy and Esoteric Buddhism. He is the author of numerous articles on these topics. For a list of publications, visit Hitoshi Inui's page at [https://jglobal.jst.go.jp/en/detail?JGLOBAL_ID=200901092696376140&e=publication/misc J-Global]1092696376140&e=publication/misc J-Global])
Test Hodor Person + (Hodor. Hodor HODOR hodor, hodor hodor, hod … Hodor. Hodor HODOR hodor, hodor hodor, hodor, hodor hodor. Hodor hodor, hodor. Hodor HODOR hodor, hodor hodor, hodor, hodor hodor. Hodor hodor - hodor hodor hodor - hodor, hodor. Hodor hodor?! Hodor hodor HODOR! Hodor HODOR hodor, hodor hodor... Hodor hodor hodor; hodor HODOR hodor, hodor hodor. Hodor. Hodor hodor HODOR! Hodor hodor hodor hodor... Hodor hodor hodor. Hodor.r hodor hodor... Hodor hodor hodor. Hodor.)
Gayley, H. + (Holly Gayley is an Associate Professor in … Holly Gayley is an Associate Professor in the Department of Religious Studies at the University of Colorado, Boulder. Her research focuses on the revitalization of Buddhism in Tibetan areas of the PRC in the post-Maoist period. Dr. Gayley became interested in the academic study of Buddhism through her travels among Tibetan communities in India, Nepal, and China. She completed her Masters in Buddhist Studies at Naropa University in 2000 and Ph.D. at Harvard University in Tibetan and Himalayan Studies in 2009. Dr. Gayley's first book titled ''Love Letters from Golok: A Tantric Couple in Modern Tibet'' came out in November 2016 with Columbia University Press. The book charts the lives and love letters of a contemporary Buddhist tantric couple, Khandro Tāre Lhamo and Namtrul Jigme Phuntsok, who played a significant role in revitalizing Buddhism in eastern Tibet since the 1980s. Examining Buddhist conceptions of gender, agency and healing, this book recovers Tibetan voices in representing their own modern history under Chinese rule and contributes to burgeoning scholarly literature on Buddhist women, minorities in China, and studies of collective trauma. Dr. Gayley's second project explores the emergence of Buddhist modernism on the Tibetan plateau and a new ethical reform movement spawned by cleric-scholars at Larung Buddhist Academy in Serta. Her recent publications on the topic include "Controversy over Buddhist Ethical Reform: A Secular Critique of Clerical Authority in the Tibetan Blogosphere" (''Himalaya Journal'', 2016), "Non-Violence as a Shifting Signifier on the Tibetan Plateau" (''Contemporary Buddhism'', 2016 with Padma 'tsho), "Reimagining Buddhist Ethics on the Tibetan Plateau (''Journal of Buddhist Ethics'', 2013), and "The Ethics of Cultural Survival: A Buddhist Vision of Progress in Mkhan po 'Jigs phun's Advice to Tibetans of the 21st Century" in ''Mapping the Modern in Tibet'' (International Institute for Tibetan and Buddhist Studies, 2011). ([https://www.colorado.edu/rlst/holly-gayley Source Accessed Jul 21, 2020])olly-gayley Source Accessed Jul 21, 2020]))
Welch, H. + (Holmes Welch (1921–1981) taught at Harvard … Holmes Welch (1921–1981) taught at Harvard University, where he became a lecturer in Chinese studies. His contributions to Buddhist studies include a trilogy on Buddhism in China: ''The Practice of Chinese Buddhism, 1900– 1950'' (1967), ''The Buddhist Revival in China'' (1968), and ''Buddhism Under Mao'' (1972), all published by Harvard University Press.all published by Harvard University Press.)
Raja, K.K. + (Hon. Director, Adyar Library and Research … Hon. Director, Adyar Library and Research centre, Chennai and formerly Professor and Head of Sanskrit Department, Madras University. Born in an aristocratic family in Central Kerala famous for scholarship and patronage, he had his education in B.A. Maths (Trichur), M.A. (Sanskrit) and Ph.D. at Madras University. On a British council scholarship in London (1952-1954) took Ph.D in Sanskrit. President’s awards for scholarship in Sanskrit in 1991. Publications includes Indian Theories of Meaning (Adyar), Contribution of Kerala to Sanskrit Literature, New Catalogues Catalogorum, Vol III-V (Associate Editor) volumes VI-XII (chief Editor), Madras. Encyclopaedia of Indian Philosophies (gen. Ed. Potter) volume V. Philosophy of the grammarians (with Coward) member of Editorial Board Foundation of Language) (volumes I-XII), Adyar Library Bulletin from 1954, chief Editor, Annuals of Oriental Research, University of Madras (1970-80). Participated in International Congress of Orientalists in 1961, Member of Government delegation to Mexico conference, closely associated with IGNCA., ICPR, Rastirya Sanskrit Samstham Sahitya Academi. Visited Scandinavian Countries at the invitation of Scandinavian Institute of Oriential Research. Visiting Professor at Lund University participated in many world Sanskrit conferences, Oriental Conferences, Produced more than 25 Phd.s wrote more than 300 research papers and about 100 books in Sanskrit, English and Malayalam. Source: ([https://kkraja.wordpress.com/ Biography of Dr. K Kunjunni Raja]) and Malayalam. Source: ([https://kkraja.wordpress.com/ Biography of Dr. K Kunjunni Raja]))
Luo, H. + (Hong Luo studied Indology and Buddhology a … Hong Luo studied Indology and Buddhology at Peking University with Prof. Bangwei Wang. He was awarded Ph.D. in 2007 with a dissertation on the Pravrajyāvastu of Guṇaprabha’s Vinayasūtra. From 2007 to 2017, he was affiliated with the China Tibetology Research Center and mainly worked for the international cooperative projects on editing Sanskrit manuscripts preserved in Tibet. In 2015 and 2016, he taught as Numata visiting professor in the Department of South Asian, Tibetan and Buddhist Studies at the University of Vienna. From 2011 to 2014, he was visiting scholar of Austrian Academy of Sciences, the University of Hamburg, and Ryukoku University. In 2018, he became professor for religious studies at the Center for Tibetan Studies of Sichuan University.for Tibetan Studies of Sichuan University.)
Shutong, L. + (Hong Yi (23 October 1880 – 13 October 1942 … Hong Yi (23 October 1880 – 13 October 1942; Chinese: 弘一; pinyin: Hóngyī, also romanized Hung Yit), or Yan Yin (Chinese: 演音; pinyin: Yǎnyīn), born Li Shutong (李叔同 and 李漱筒) was a Chinese Buddhist monk, artist and art teacher. He also went by the names Wen Tao, Guang Hou, and Shu Tong, but was most commonly known by his Buddhist name, Hong Yi. He was a master painter, musician, dramatist, calligrapher, seal cutter, poet, and Buddhist monk.He was born in Tianjin to a banking family originating in Hongtong County, Shanxi, that migrated to Tianjin in the Ming Dynasty, though his mother was from Pinghu, Zhejiang province.In 1898 Li moved to Shanghai and joined the "Shanghai Painting and Calligraphy Association,", and the "Shanghai Scholarly Society" while he was attending the Nanyang Public School (later became Jiaotong University). In 1905 Li went to Japan to study at Tokyo School of Fine Art in Ueno Park where he specialized in Western painting and music, and met a lover by the name of Yukiko who was to become his concubine. In 1910 Li returned to China and was appointed to Tianjin's Beiyang Advanced Industry School. The next year he was appointed as a music teacher in a girls' school in Shanghai. He went to Hangzhou in 1912 and became a lecturer in the Zhejiang Secondary Normal College (now Hangzhou Normal University). He taught not only Western painting and music but also art history. By 1915 Jiang Qian hired him as a teacher at Nanjing Higher Normal School (renamed in 1949 to Nanjing University), where he taught painting and music. He also taught at Zhejiang Secondary Normal School (浙江兩級師範學堂), the predecessor of the famous Hangzhou High School.During these later years, Li's reputation grew, as he became the first Chinese educator to use nude models in his painting classes, not to mention as the first teacher of Western music in China. Some of the students, like Singapore artist Chen Wen Hsi (陳文希) whom he personally groomed, went on to become accomplished masters of the arts in their later days. Li Shutong himself was also an accomplished composer and lyricist. Many of his compositions are still remembered and performed today.In 1916 [he took?] refuge in the Three Jewels of Buddhism. After spending another year there, Li began a new chapter in his life by choosing to be ordained as a monk, and thus began a holistic life dedicated to propagating Buddhism and its code of conduct. After becoming a monk he practised only calligraphy, developing a simple and unadorned, yet unique style, which was treasured by everyone who received a sample. He became known to all as Master Hong Yi. In 1942, Master Hong Yi died peacefully at the age of 61 in Quanzhou, Fujian Province. Li is one of the three great poetic monks in the late Qing Dynasty. (Others for Su Manshu, Shi Jingan). ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Yi Source Accessed July 21, 2023])ki/Hong_Yi Source Accessed July 21, 2023]))
Hongzhi Zhengjue + (Hongzhi Zhengjue (Chinese: 宏智正覺; pinyin: ' … Hongzhi Zhengjue (Chinese: 宏智正覺; pinyin: ''Hóngzhì Zhēngjué''; Wade–Giles: ''Hung-chih Cheng-chueh'', Japanese: ''Wanshi Shōgaku''), also sometimes called Tiantong Zhengjue (Chinese: 天童正覺; pinyin: ''Tiāntóng Zhēngjué''; Japanese: ''Tendō Shōgaku'') (1091–1157), was an influential Chinese Chan Buddhist monk who authored or compiled several influential texts. Hongzhi's conception of silent illumination is of particular importance to the Chinese Caodong Chan and Japanese Sōtō Zen schools. Hongzhi was also the author of the Book of Equanimity, an important collection of kōans.Life: According to the account given in Taigen Dan Leighton's ''Cultivating the Empty Field'', Hongzhi was born to a family named Li in Xizhou, present-day Shanxi province. He left home at the age of eleven to become a monk, studying under Caodong master Kumu Facheng (枯木法成), among others, including Yuanwu Keqin, author of the famous kōan collection, the ''Blue Cliff Record''.In 1129, Hongzhi began teaching at the Jingde monastery on Mount Tiantong, where he remained for nearly thirty years, until shortly before his death in 1157, when he ventured down the mountain to bid farewell to his supporters.Texts: The main text associated with Hongzhi is a collection of one hundred of his kōans called the ''Book of Equanimity'' (Chinese: 從容録; pinyin: ''Cóngróng Lù''; Japanese: 従容録; rōmaji: ''Shōyōroku''). This book was compiled after his death by Wansong Xingxiu (1166–1246) at the urging of the Khitan statesman Yelü Chucai (1190–1244), and first published in 1224, with commentaries by Wansong. This book is regarded as one of the key texts of the Caodong school of Zen Buddhism. A collection of Hongzhi's philosophical texts has also been translated by Leighton.Hongzhi is often referred to as an exponent of Silent Illumination Chan (''Mokushō Zen'' (黙照禅) in Japanese).Aside from his own teacher, Eihei Dōgen—the founder of the Sōtō school of Zen in Japan—quotes Hongzhi in his work more than any other Zen figure. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongzhi_Zhengjue Source Accessed June 13, 2023])/wiki/Hongzhi_Zhengjue Source Accessed June 13, 2023]))
Chan, W. + (Honorary Professor, Department of Philosophy, Brock University, Canada)
Yun, H. + (Hsing Yun (Chinese: 星雲; pinyin: Xīng Yún) … Hsing Yun (Chinese: 星雲; pinyin: Xīng Yún) (born August 19, 1927) is a Chinese Buddhist monk. He is the founder of the Fo Guang Shan Buddhist order as well as the affiliated Buddha's Light International Association in Taiwan. Hsing Yun is considered to be one of the most prominent proponents of Humanistic Buddhism and is considered to be one of the most influential teachers of modern Taiwanese Buddhism. In Taiwan, he is popularly referred to as one of the "Four Heavenly Kings" of Taiwanese Buddhism, along with his contemporaries: Master Sheng-yen of Dharma Drum Mountain, Master Cheng Yen of Tzu Chi and Master Wei Chueh of Chung Tai Shan. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hsing_Yun Source Accessed Aug 10, 2021])i/Hsing_Yun Source Accessed Aug 10, 2021]))
Hua, H. + (Hsuan Hua (Chinese: 宣化; pinyin: Xuānhuà; l … Hsuan Hua (Chinese: 宣化; pinyin: Xuānhuà; lit. 'proclaim and transform'; April 16, 1918 – June 7, 1995), also known as An Tzu, Tu Lun and Master Hua by his Western disciples, was a Chinese monk of Chan Buddhism and a contributing figure in bringing Chinese Buddhism to the United States in the late 20th century.Hsuan Hua founded several institutions in the US. The Dharma Realm Buddhist Association[1] (DRBA) is a Buddhist organization with chapters in North America, Australia and Asia. The City of Ten Thousand Buddhas (CTTB) in Ukiah, California, is one of the first Chan Buddhist monasteries in America. Venerable Master Hsuan Hua founded Dharma Realm Buddhist University at CTTB. The Buddhist Text Translation Society works on the phonetics and translation of Buddhist scriptures from Chinese into English, Vietnamese, Spanish, and many other languages. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hsuan_Hua Source Accessed June 3, 2021])i/Hsuan_Hua Source Accessed June 3, 2021]))
Chen, H. + (Huaiyu Chen is an associate professor of r … Huaiyu Chen is an associate professor of religious studies at the School of Historical, Philosophical, and Religious Studies, with a joint appointment at the School of International Letters and Cultures. He has also held several visiting positions in North America, Europe, and Asia, such as a membership of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton in 2011-2012, a Spalding Visiting Fellowship at Clare Hall of Cambridge University in 2014-2015, a visiting professorship at Beijing Normal University in June-July 2015, a visiting scholarship at Max Planck Institute for the History of Science (MPIWG) in Berlin in June-July, 2018, and a visiting scholarship at Institute for Religions and Ethics of Tsinghua University in August, 2018. ([https://isearch.asu.edu/profile/1268668 Source Accessed Mar 21, 2022])ile/1268668 Source Accessed Mar 21, 2022]))
Richardson, H. + (Hugh Edward Richardson CIE OBE FBA (22 Dec … Hugh Edward Richardson CIE OBE FBA (22 December 1905 – 3 December 2000) was an Indian Civil Service officer, British diplomat and Tibetologist. His academic work focused on the history of the Tibetan empire, and in particular on epigraphy. He was among the last Europeans to have known Tibet and its society before the Chinese invasions which began in 1950. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Edward_Richardson Source Accessed Feb, 2024])ard_Richardson Source Accessed Feb, 2024]))
Smith, Huston + (Huston Cummings Smith (May 31, 1919 – Dece … Huston Cummings Smith (May 31, 1919 – December 30, 2016) was a leading scholar of religious studies in the United States. He was widely regarded as one of the world's most influential figures in religious studies. He authored at least thirteen books on world's religions and philosophy, and his book ''The World's Religions'' (originally titled ''The Religions of Man'') sold over three million copies as of 2017 and remains a popular introduction to comparative religion.Born and raised in Suzhou, China in a Methodist missionary family, Huston Smith moved back to the United States at the age of 17 and graduated from the University of Chicago in 1945 with a PhD in philosophy. He spent the majority of his academic career as a professor at Washington University in St. Louis (1947-1958), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1958-1973) and Syracuse University (1973-1983). In 1983, he retired from Syracuse and moved to Berkeley, California, where he was a visiting professor of Religious Studies at the University of California, Berkeley until his death. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huston_Smith Source Accessed Nov 23, 2020])uston_Smith Source Accessed Nov 23, 2020]))
Hanshan Deqing + (Hānshān Déqīng (traditional Chinese: 憨山德清) … Hānshān Déqīng (traditional Chinese: 憨山德清) (1546–1623), formerly transliterated Han-Shan Te-Ch’ing, was a leading Buddhist monk and poet of Ming Dynasty China who widely propagated the teachings of Chán and Pure Land Buddhism.According to his autobiography, Hanshan Deqing entered a monastic school in Nanjing’s Bao’en temple at the age of twelve. While there he studied literature as well as religious subjects and began writing poetry when he was 17. Two years later he was ordained as a Chan monk under the Buddhist name of Cheng Yin. When the monastery burned down in 1566, he busied himself for some years in keeping the community together and raising money for repairs. Then in 1571 he set out as a religious wanderer, going from monastery to monastery in search of instruction and growing in meditative attainment. After four years he settled on Mount Wutai but by 1583 he had become famous as a Buddhist Master and set out travelling to remote areas again. It was at this time that he prefixed his name with that of Hanshan Peak so as to return to anonymity.In consequence of having organized a successful ceremony to ensure the birth of a male heir to the throne while he was still at Mount Wutai, Hanshan obtained the patronage of the emperor's mother. With her support he was able eventually to establish a new monastery at Mount Lao on the coast of the Shandong Peninsula. But when relations between the Wanli Emperor and his mother broke down over the choice of heir, Hanshan was caught in a conflict which also included tensions between Daoists and Buddhists. In 1595, he was put on trial and imprisoned, then afterwards exiled to the Guangdong area. While there, he made himself socially useful and also helped restore Nanhua Temple at Caoxi which, since the time that Huineng was entombed there, had been converted into a meat market. Some of the monks at the temple made a false accusation of embezzlement of the restoration funds against him and, though he was acquitted, he did not return there.Between 1611-22 Hanshan resumed his wanderings from monastery to monastery and also continued writing the religious expositions and commentaries he had begun during his exile. Shortly before his death in 1623 he returned south to Caoxi, where his body was eventually enshrined. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanshan_Deqing Source Accessed Apr 19, 2022])shan_Deqing Source Accessed Apr 19, 2022]))
Pap, M. + (I am Assistant Professor at the Chinese De … I am Assistant Professor at the Chinese Department of ELTE University, in Budapest. My research focuses on Chinese Tiantai philosophy, I wrote my doctoral thesis about Zhanran and his buddha-nature theory, and obtained a PhD in 2011. I'm interested in various forms of Chinese Buddhist philosophy, the ways of interpreting and re-interpeting the inherited ideas.ng and re-interpeting the inherited ideas.)
Coseru, C. + (I am an associate professor of philosophy … I am an associate professor of philosophy in the Department of Philosophy at the College of Charleston. I work in the fields of philosophy of mind, Phenomenology, and cross-cultural philosophy, especially Indian and Buddhist philosophy in dialogue with Western philosophy and cognitive science. I have recently published a book, Perceiving Reality: Consciousness, Intentionality, and Cognition in Buddhist Philosophy (OUP, 2012) that develops a view of Buddhist epistemology, in the tradition of Dignaga and Dharmakirti, as continuous with the phenomenological methods and insights of Husserl and Merleau-Ponty, as well as with naturalistic approaches to epistenology and philosophy of mind. In 2012 I co-directed (with Jay Garfield and Evan Thompson) an NEH Summer Institute exploring the convergence of analytic, phenomenological, and Buddhist perspectives in the investigation of consciousness. I am currently completing a book manuscript on the intersections between perceptual and affective consciousness, tentatively entitled Sense, Self-Awareness, and Subjectivity.Before joining the Philosophy Department at the College of Charleston, I taught in the Centre for Asian Societies and Histories at the Australian National University. I received my Ph.D. from the Australian National University in 2005; I also hold a B.A. and M.A. in philosophy from the University of Bucharest. While at ANU, I also worked on a proof of concept model for parsing Sanskrit based on the Interlingua System (the project was funded by an ARC grant). I have and continue to travel extensively for my research. I spent four and a half years in India in the mid 1990s pursuing studies in Sanskrit and Indian Philosophy. While in India, I was affiliated with several research institutes, including the Asiatic Society in Calcutta (1995-1996), the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute and De Nobili College in Pune (1993), and the Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies, Sarnath, Varanasi (1995-1997). I was a visiting scholar at Queens' College, Cambridge University in 2000, and at the Institut de Civilisation Indienne, Paris in 2001.I grew up on the banks of the Danube in Galati, Romania. I now live in Charleston, and am married to my colleague, philosopher and author Sheridan Hough.ue, philosopher and author Sheridan Hough.)
Patil, P. + (I am currently Professor of Religion and I … I am currently Professor of Religion and Indian Philosophy at Harvard University, where I have been teaching since receiving my PhD from the University of Chicago in 2002. From 2011-2017, I was Chair of the then newly formed Department of South Asian Studies.My primary academic interests are in the history of philosophy in India and its relevance to disciplinary work in Philosophy, South Asian Studies, and the Study of Religion, the three program units in which I teach. Although my philosophical interests are quite broad, I have focused on Buddhist philosophy in India, the Old and New Epistemologists, and Indian traditions of physicalism and skepticism. I also have long-standing interests in contemporary Anglo-American philosophy of religion.Against a Hindu God (Columbia 2009) is a book-length work on Buddhist epistemology and the philosophy of language and mind that supports it. Its textual focus is the work of a Buddhist philosopher named Ratnakīrti and his critique of Nyāya inferential arguments for the existence of God. Buddhist Philosophy of Language in India (Columbia 2010), which I co-authored with my colleague Lawrence J. McCrea, is a study of Jñānaśrīmitra’s Monograph on Exclusion, a text in which he develops and defends the famous Buddhist theory of Apoha.Jñānaśrīmitra and his student Ratnakīrti lived and worked at the monastic and educational complex of Vikramaśīla during the final phase of Buddhism in India. Philosophy at Vikramaśīla continues to fascinate me. At present, I am working on late Buddhist debates on the possibility of contentless consciousness, the metaphysics of relational properties, mereology, and an inference-rule called antarvyāpti.I am also at work on two book length projects on the New Epistemologists of late pre-modern and early modern India. A Reader in the New Epistemologists (Columbia 2020), which is part of the Historical Sourcebook in Indian Traditions series at Columbia University Press, and a monograph, Belief, Desire, and Motivation in the Philosopher’s Stone, which is on Gaṅgeśa’s Tattvacintāmaṇi.Recent work unrelated to these projects include The Impossibility of Freedom in Pre-Modern India, Why Metaphors Are Not a Source of Knowledge, and Dummett in India. In addition to philosophy, I also have interests in classical Sanskrit literature and literary theory and the history of Buddhism in India.([https://studyofreligion.fas.harvard.edu/people/parimal-g-patil Source: Harvard])u/people/parimal-g-patil Source: Harvard]))
Sevilla, A. + (I do research on philosophy of education a … I do research on philosophy of education and ethics, drawing from and comparing Japanese philosophy (the Kyoto School of Philosophy), American philosophy (contemplative pedagogy, care ethics, Deweyan philosophy), and continental philosophy (existential education, post-structuralism). I am particularly interested in the ethical, existential, and spiritual aspects of education, and the kind of human relationships involved therein. My Ph.D. research was on Watsuji Tetsurô and the ethics of emptiness, which I completed under Buddhist philosopher Sueki Fumihiko (at the Graduate University of Advanced Studies, based in Nichibunken, Kyoto). I came to Kyushu University just this year (2015), but prior to this I taught in the Department of Philosophy of the Ateneo de Manila University in the Philippines for five years. ([http://asianstudies-kyushu.com/staff/dr-anton-luis-sevilla/ Source Accessed Aug 6, 2020])uis-sevilla/ Source Accessed Aug 6, 2020]))
Stevenson, D. + (I have been interested for some time in th … I have been interested for some time in the sites and economies of practice that mediated religious life in Middle Period China (10th–14th centuries), particularly as they applied to persons who identified themselves (or others) as “Buddhist.” This interest arises from the conviction that religious subjects and their traditions are not static and monolithically constituted entities, but disparate works in progress, the estimations of which are ceaselessly negotiated in relation to a diversity of shifting idioms, obligations, and historical contingencies. To me the key question becomes one of processes and agencies of cultural practice, and that question in turn implies networks, that is to say, the sites and channels through which cultural data move, locate, and come to be collectively embodied. I am working on several projects at the moment, all of which focus on Song (960–1279) and Yuan period China (1279–1368). ([https://religiousstudies.ku.edu/daniel-stevenson Source Accessed October 22, 2019])evenson Source Accessed October 22, 2019]))
Achard, J-L. + (I have followed a training in Tibetan Stud … I have followed a training in Tibetan Studies first at the INALCO and then at the EPHE (Sorbonne) where I attended the seminaries by Anne-Marie Blondeau, a specialist in Bon and rNying ma gter ma literature. Since 1999 I have become a researcher at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) in Paris and am a member of Centre de Recherches sur les Civilisations de l'Asie Orientale (CRCAO). Among other academic duties, I am a member of the scientific committee of the Institut d'Etudes Tibétaines (IET) of the Collège de France (Paris), as well as the founder and director of the Revue d'Etudes Tibétaines (RET) which is available for free on the Digital Himalaya website from the Cambridge University: http://www.digitalhimalaya.com/collections/journals/ret/See also: https://khyungmkhar.blogspot.com/2018/02/choying-no-20.html([https://www.amazon.com/Jean-Luc-Achard/e/B0034Q97FG Source] Accessed Feb 26, 2018)/B0034Q97FG Source] Accessed Feb 26, 2018))
Lange, D. + (I have specialized on Tibet and the Himala … I have specialized on Tibet and the Himalayas as well as East Asia as my primary research areas and have wide-ranging interests including the history of knowledge and exploration, material and visual cultures, history of mapping and cartography and cultural interactions. Trained in Sinology, Central Asian Studies (Tibetology) and Economics I hold a Ph.D. in Central Asian Studies from Humboldt University of Berlin (2008). In 2018 I completed my habilitation (HDR) on the British Library’s Wise Collection at the EPHE (École pratique des hautes études) in Paris, published under the title “An Atlas of the Himalayas by a 19th Century Tibetan Lama. A Journey of Discovery” (Brill 2020). Between 2018 and 2021 I studied the collection of East Asian maps at the Museum am Rothenbaum (MARKK) in Hamburg in the context of the BMBF-research project “Coloured maps”. Currently I am Principal Investigator of the project "Maps as Knowledge Resources and Mapmaking as Process: The Case of the Mapping of Tibet" at the Cluster of Excellence “Understanding Written Artefacts” at the Universität Hamburg. ([https://uni-hamburg.academia.edu/DianaLange Source Accessed Feb. 14, 2022.])ianaLange Source Accessed Feb. 14, 2022.]))
Harris, I. + (Ian Charles Harris (born June 17, 1952, di … Ian Charles Harris (born June 17, 1952, died December 23, 2014 ) was an English Orientalist, Sanskrit scholar, and Buddhist. Harris studied at Lancaster University from 1977 to 1982. He earned a master's degree in religious studies at Lancaster University, and then earned a doctorate at Lancaster, with the book ''The Continuity of Madhyamaka and Yogācāra in Indian Mahāyāna Buddhism'' (1991). He then graduated from the University of Cambridge, and then became a teacher of religious studies and then head of department for schools in Bradford and Keighley. In 1987, his time began as a lecturer in religious studies at St. Martin's College Lancaster (later part of the University of Cumbria). ([https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Charles_Harris Source Accessed Dec 4, 2019])An online obituary can be found [https://buddhism.arts.ubc.ca/2015/01/06/obituary-professor-ian-charles-harris-june-17th-1952-to-december-23rd-2014/ here.]ne-17th-1952-to-december-23rd-2014/ here.])
Ives, I. + (Ian Ives grew up in the US and has been a … Ian Ives grew up in the US and has been a student of Sogyal Rinpoche since he was a teenager. He studied at the Rigpa Shedra East in Pharping, Nepal under the guidance of Khenchen Namdrol from 2007 to 2012, and before that at Rigpa Shedra West, from 2003 to 2006. He attended the seven-month teaching periods of Rigpa’s 2006–2009 Three Year Retreat, and served as a teaching assistant to Rinpoche from 2007 to 2017; travelling with him extensively from 2012 onward. Since this time, and with the encouragement of Rinpoche, he has been guiding study sessions and teaching on topics connected to the foundational and Mahayana levels.Ian helps design and guide Rigpa’s international study programme and the programme for Lerab Ling, Rigpa’s retreat centre in southern France. He has a family with two young children and lives near Lerab Ling. ([https://www.rigpa.org/rigpa-teachers Source Accessed June 28, 2023])a-teachers Source Accessed June 28, 2023]))
Coghlan, I. + (Ian James Coghlan (Jampa Ignyen) trained a … Ian James Coghlan (Jampa Ignyen) trained as a monk at Jé College, Sera Monastic University, completing his studies in 1995, and holds a Ph.D. in Asian Studies from La Trobe University. He has translated and edited a number of works from Tibetan including ''Principles of Buddhist Tantra'' (with Kirti Tsenshap Rinpoché and Voula Zarpani); ''Hundreds of Deities of Tusita, An Offering Cloud of Nectar'', and ''Stairway to the State of Union'' (with Choden Rinpoché and Voula Zarpani). Currently he is a translator for the Institute of Tibetan Classics and an adjunct research fellow at SOPHIS, Monash University. (Source: [https://wisdomexperience.org/product/ornament-abhidharma/ Wisdom Publications])ornament-abhidharma/ Wisdom Publications]))
Villarreal, I. + (Ian Villarreal is a mystic, altruist, poet … Ian Villarreal is a mystic, altruist, poet, artist, videographer, historical video archivist, tax accountant and licensed tax preparer. In 1994 he became part of Vimala Video, a small non-profit historical video archive established in 1980 dedicated to documenting the historical transmission of Varjayana Buddhism to the West. As one of a team of two primary videographers, he has captured hundreds of hours of footage of largely Tibetan teachers teaching in various venues in California, Oregon, Montana, and Maryland. In addition to editing and producing for dissemination a number of documentary videos, he is engaged in the task of archiving, cataloging, and preserving the body of rare footage accumulated over the last forty years. He serves on the board of Vimala Video, and works in a volunteer capacity contributing to the support and maintenance of the video archive. He is also a board member of Heartisan Foundation and serves as Secretary/Treasurer.ndation and serves as Secretary/Treasurer.)
De Rachewiltz, I. + (Igor de Rachewiltz was an Italian historia … Igor de Rachewiltz was an Italian historian and philologist specializing in Mongol studies. [He] was born in Rome, the son of Bruno Guido and Antonina Perosio. The de Rachewiltz family was of noble roots. His grandmother was a Tatar from Kazan in central Russia who claimed lineage from the Golden Horde. In 1947, he read Michael Prawdin's book ''Tschingis-Chan und seine Erben'' (Genghis Khan and his Heritage) and became interested in learning the Mongolian language. He graduated with a law degree from a university in Rome and pursued Oriental studies in Naples. In the early 1950s, de Rachewiltz went to Australia on scholarship. He earned his PhD in Chinese history from Australian National University, Canberra in 1961. His dissertation was on Genghis Khan's secretary, 13th-century Chinese scholar Yelü Chucai.Starting in 1965 he became a fellow at the Department of Far Eastern History, Australian National University (1965–67). He made a research trip to Europe (1966–67). He published a translation of ''The Secret History of the Mongols'' in eleven volumes of ''Papers on Far Eastern History'' (1971–1985). He became a senior Fellow of the Division of Pacific and Asian History at the Australian National University (1967–94), a research-only fellowship. He completed projects by prominent Mongolists Antoine Mostaert and Henri Serruys after their deaths. He was a visiting professor at the University of Rome three times (1996, 1999, 2001). In 2004 he published his translation of the ''Secret History'' with Brill; it was selected by Choice as Outstanding Academic Title (2005) and is now in its second edition. In 2007 he donated his personal library of around 6000 volumes to the Scheut Memorial Library at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. Late in his life de Rachewiltz was an emeritus Fellow in the Pacific and Asian History Division of the Australian National University. His research interests included the political and cultural history of China and Mongolia in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, East-West political and cultural contacts, and Sino-Mongolian philology generally. In 2015, de Rachewiltz published an open access version of his previous translation, ''The Secret History of the Mongols: A Mongolian Epic Chronicle of the Thirteenth Century'', that is a full translation but omits the extensive footnotes of his previous translations. Igor de Rachewiltz died on July 30, 2016. He was 87. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_de_Rachewiltz Source Accessed Feb 22, 2021])_Rachewiltz Source Accessed Feb 22, 2021]))
Zongbao + (In 1291, Zongbao (宗寶, Wade-Giles: Tsung-pa … In 1291, Zongbao (宗寶, Wade-Giles: Tsung-pao) produced the edition [of the ''Platform Sūtra''] that became part of the Ming Dynasty Chinese Buddhist canon. This canonical version, apparently based on the Qisong edition, is about a third longer than the Mogao Caves version, and structured differently.In 1934, D. T. Suzuki published an edition [of the ''Platform Sūtra''] based on the Mogao Cave text, but incorporating corrections from the Tsungpao (Zongbao) edition.tions from the Tsungpao (Zongbao) edition.)
Martin, M. + (In 1966 Michele received a Masters degree … In 1966 Michele received a Masters degree in Russian Area Studies, and in 1970, an MPhil in Comparative Literature, both from Yale University. After founding and practicing at Jemez Bodhi Mandala Zen Center in New Mexico from 1974 to 1977, she moved to Kyoto, Japan where she studied at Otani University with Nagao Gadjin and Nishitani Keiji in the years from 1977 to 1979.After working as an editor for many years, which included developing the Buddhist series at SUNY Press, she moved to Nepal in 1987 to study Buddhist philosophy and the Tibetan language. Over the years, she has edited many volumes on Buddhism and translated texts from Tibetan while teaching and acting as an oral translator. She is the author of ''Music in the Sky: The Life, Art, and Teaching of the Seventeenth Karmapa Ogyen Trinley Dorje'' and translator of the root text and general editor of ''A Song for the King: Saraha's Mahamudra Meditation''.Michele's interest in TBRC is multiple. Not connected with a university and often living in places where access to texts is difficult, she has turned to TBRC for copies of texts not available otherwise. She would like to see the number of texts within reach on the internet expanded and also especially values the database developed by Gene Smith.As a translator, she wants to see a database of translations, both finished and in progress, as a key tool for those inside and outside academia. With TBRC's texts and database, access to the field of Tibetan studies is opened out to meet the needs of lamas from all traditions, scholar practitioners, new students, and researchers from all over the world. ([https://www.bdrc.io/member/michele-martin/ Source Accessed June 29, 2023])le-martin/ Source Accessed June 29, 2023]))
Shelton, C. + (In addition to her role with [The Contempl … In addition to her role with [The Contemplative Resource Center] (CRC), Cindy is a board member of the nonprofit charity Causa.international, and serves in the office of Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche as chief of staff. For 10 years, she worked as managing editor for Bodhi Magazine, a publication of Nalandabodhi, a nonprofit Buddhist network of meditation centers. She currently serves as the primary editor of Ponlop Rinpoche’s commercial books. Cindy is a practicing Buddhist and has been a student of Ponlop Rinpoche since 1996.Cindy earned a BA in English from Rollins College, an MA in Secondary Education from Florida International University, and an MA in Contemplative Religious Studies from Naropa University. After many years in Boulder, Colorado and Seattle, Washington, she now resides in Sarasota, Florida, with frequent stays at the Contemplative Resource Center in Bandera, Texas. She has a keen interest in community outreach programs for youth and families and in environmental education. ([https://crctexas.info/team/ Source Accessed Aug 1, 2023])s.info/team/ Source Accessed Aug 1, 2023]))
Bieler, I. + (Ina Bieler is a translator and assistant at The Garchen Buddhist Institute in Chino Valley, Arizona. She is a member of the Garchen Buddhist Institute Translation Group.)
Mañjuśrīgarbha + (Indian pandita ca. 8th century responsible for translating numerous texts into Tibetan, including the ''Dharmasaṃgītisūtra'' and many others. His student was Ye shes sde.)
Aḍitacandra + (Indian paṇḍita known to have been an expert in Abhidharma and to have assisted in the Tibetan translation of the ''Saddharmasmṛtyupasthānasūtra''. ([https://read.84000.co/translation/toh287.html Source Accessed Aug 31, 2021]))
Guṇabhadra + (Indian scholiast and major translator of B … Indian scholiast and major translator of Buddhist scriptures into Chinese during the Liu Song period (420–479). Born in central India to a brāhmaṇa family, he is said to have studied in his youth the five traditional Indian sciences, as well as astronomy, calligraphy, mathematics, medicine, and magic. He was converted to Buddhism and began systematically to study Buddhist texts, starting with the Abhidharma and proceeding through the most influential Mahāyāna texts, such as the ''Mahāprajñāpāramitāsūtra'' and ''Avataṃsakasūtra''. Around 435, he departed from Sri Lanka for China, arriving in Guangzhou by sea. In China, he devoted himself to teaching and translating Buddhist scriptures, carrying out most of his translations of Mahāyāna and mainstream Buddhist texts while residing in Qiyuansi in Jiankang and Xinsi in Jingzhou. He translated a total of fifty-two scriptures in 134 rolls, including the ''Saṃyuktāgama'' and the ''Prakaranapāda'' [śāstra], both associated with the Sarvāstivāda school, such seminal Mahāyāna texts as the ''[[Śrīmālādevīsiṃhanādasūtra]]'' and the ''Laṅkāvatārasūtra''. In the ''Lengqie shizi ji'', a Chan genealogical history associated with the Northern school (Bei zong) of the early Chan tradition, Guṇabhadra is placed before Bodhidharma in the Chan patriarchal lineage, perhaps because of his role in translating the ''Laṅkāvatārasūtra'', an important scriptural influence in the early Chan school. (Source: "Guṇabhadra." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 336. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27)ttp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27))
McLeod, I. + (Ingrid McLeod earned a B.A. in Psychology. … Ingrid McLeod earned a B.A. in Psychology. She completed two three-year retreats at Kagyu Ling France, her first from 1976–1980, and her second from 1980–1983. She was resident lama at Montreal Dharma Center from 1985–1987. She is a founding member and coordinator of Kalu Rinoche's International Translation Group. And she was a Tsadra Foundation fellow from 2001 to 2008.Completed Projects as a Tsadra Foundation Fellow* ''The Treasury of Knowledge: Book VI, Part 4; Systems of Buddhist Tantra'', Jamgön Kongtrul (with Elio Guarisco)* ''The Treasury of Knowledge: Book VIII, Part 3; The Elements of Tantric Practice'', Jamgön Kongtrul (with Elio Guarisco)Previously Published Translations (with participation of Kalu Rinpoche’s Translation Group)* ''The Treasury of Knowledge: Book I; Myriad Worlds'', Jamgön Kongtrul* ''The Treasury of Knowledge: Book V; Buddhist Ethics'', Jamgön KongtrulBook V; Buddhist Ethics'', Jamgön Kongtrul)
Popova, I. + (Irina Fyodorovna Popova is Head of the Dep … Irina Fyodorovna Popova is Head of the Department of Manuscripts and Documents at the IOM RAS, Professor, Doctor of Sciences (equiv. Habilitation) - History, and corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.In 1983, graduated from the Oriental Faculty of the Leningrad (St. Petersburg) State University with a degree in History of China. In 1986, completed postgraduate studies at the Leningrad Branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (now the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences) under the guidance of Professor A.S. Martynov.In 1986, joined the staff of the Leningrad Branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences as a Junior Researcher; in 1997–2003, worked as a Researcher and Academic Secretary of the St. Petersburg Branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies, RAS.Since April 10, 2003 – Director of the St. Petersburg Branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences / Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS (in 2007–2009 – Director-Organizer of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences).1988 – Ph.D. Thesis subject: “Rules for Emperors" (Di fan) by Tang Taizong as a Source on the Chinese Political Thought of the Early 7th Century”.2000 – Dr. of Hist. Thesis subject: “The Theory of the State Rulership in the Early Tang China”.Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2019).Member of the Council for Science and Education under the President of the Russian Federation (2020).Professor at St. Petersburg State University, Honorary Professor of Lanzhou University, Ningxia University, Shandong University, Peoples’ University of China (Beijing), Shaanxi Normal University (Xi’an), Honorary Doctor of the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of China.The main fields of research: history and historiography of China; political ideology, governance, administrative system and military policy of Medieval China; Dunhuang Studies; textual criticism; history of Oriental Studies; bibliography.Author of more than 200 academic works, including 9 monographs (5 of them are collective); editor of 19 collected works; Editor-in-Chief of academic periodicals: “Pis'mennye pamiatniki Vostoka” (in Russian), “Strany i narody Vostoka” (“Countries and Peoples of the Orient”), “Written Monuments of the Orient” (English version); Deputy Chair of the Editorial Board of the academic series “Pamiatniki pismennosti Vostoka” (“Written Monuments in the Oriental Scripts”). Member of the editorial boards of Russian and foreign academic periodicals, including “Turfan Studies” (“Tulufan yanju”, China), “Study of the Documents in the Chinese Minorities Scripts” (“Minzu guji yanju”, China), “Studia Orientalia Slovaca” (Comenius University, Bratislava), etc. ([http://www.orientalstudies.ru/eng/index.php?option=com_personalities&Itemid=74&person=41 Source Accessed Apr 12, 2022])id=74&person=41 Source Accessed Apr 12, 2022]))
Mengele, I. + (Irmgard Mengele received her PhD from the … Irmgard Mengele received her PhD from the University of Hamburg. Her translation of Sherab Gyatso’s biography of Gendun Chopel entitled ''dGe’-‘dun-chos-‘phel: A Biography of the 20th-Century Tibetan Scholar'' was published by Library of Tibetan Works and Archives in 1999. She is also the author of ''Riding a Huge Wave of Karma: The Turbulent Life of the Tenth KarmaPa'' (Vajra Publications 2012). She currently teaches at the University of California, Santa Barbara.e University of California, Santa Barbara.)
Campbell, John + (Is an Assistant Professor in the Departmen … Is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies at the University of Virginia and the Founder of the Contemplative Sciences Center (uvacontemplation.org), of which he is currently the Coordinating Director of Yoga Programs. He is a longtime practitioner of Tibetan Buddhism and has been practicing Ashtanga Yoga for over twenty years, seventeen of which were under the direct guidance of Shri K. Pattabhi Jois. In 2003 he was honored to become one the few Certified teachers of Ashtanga Yoga worldwide. He lives with his wife and three children in Charlottesville, VA. ([https://menla.org/teachers/john-campbell/ Source Accessed July 6, 2023])n-campbell/ Source Accessed July 6, 2023]))
Schmidt, I. + (Isaac Jacob Schmidt (October 4, 1779 – Aug … Isaac Jacob Schmidt (October 4, 1779 – August 27, 1847) was an Orientalist specializing in Mongolian and Tibetan. Schmidt was a Moravian missionary to the Kalmyks and devoted much of his labours to Bible translation.Born in Amsterdam, he spent much of his career in St. Petersburg as a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He published the first grammar and dictionary of Mongolian, as well as a grammar and dictionary of Tibetan. He also translated Sanang Sechen's Erdeni-yin tobči into German, and several Geser Khan epics into Russian and German. His works are regarded as ground-breaking for the establishment of Mongolian and Tibetan studies. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Jacob_Schmidt Source Accessed Aug 24, 2023])cob_Schmidt Source Accessed Aug 24, 2023]))
Horner, I. + (Isaline Blew Horner (30 March 1896 – 25 Ap … Isaline Blew Horner (30 March 1896 – 25 April 1981), usually cited as I. B. Horner, was an English Indologist, a leading scholar of Pali literature and late president of the Pali Text Society (1959–1981). On 30 March 1896 Horner was born in Walthamstow in Essex, England. Horner was a first cousin once removed of the British Theravada monk Ajahn Amaro. In 1917, at the University of Cambridge's women's college Newnham College, Horner was awarded the title of a B.A. in moral sciences. After her undergraduate studies, Horner remained at Newnham College, becoming in 1918 an assistant librarian and then, in 1920, acting librarian. In 1921, Horner traveled to Ceylon (Sri Lanka), India and Burma where she was first introduced to Buddhism, its literature and related languages. In 1923, Horner returned to England where she accepted a Fellowship at Newnham College and became its librarian. In 1928, she became the first Sarah Smithson Research Fellow in Pali Studies. In 1930, she published her first book, ''Women Under Primitive Buddhism''. In 1933, she edited her first volume of Pali text, the third volume of the ''Papancasudani'' (Majjhima Nikaya commentary). In 1934, Horner was awarded the title of an M.A. from Cambridge. From 1939 to 1949, she served on Cambridge's Governing Body. From 1926 to 1959, Horner lived and traveled with her companion "Elsie," Dr. Eliza Marian Butler (1885–1959). ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaline_Blew_Horner Source Accessed Apr 22, 2020])Blew_Horner Source Accessed Apr 22, 2020]))
Chos kyi go cha + (It is as of yet unclear who this figure is … It is as of yet unclear who this figure is and there are several possibilities on BDRC, such as rdzong sngon blo gros chos kyi go cha ([http://purl.bdrc.io/resource/P7921 P7921]). His termas have also been published [http://purl.bdrc.io/resource/MW1KG6249 here] with authorship attributed to rdzong sngon pad+ma thugs mchog rdo rje ([http://purl.bdrc.io/resource/P7959 P7959])http://purl.bdrc.io/resource/P7959 P7959]))
Minaev, I. + (Ivan Pavlovich Minayev, or Minayeff, was t … Ivan Pavlovich Minayev, or Minayeff, was the first Russian Indologist whose disciples included Serge Oldenburg, F. Th. Stcherbatsky, and Dmitry Kudryavsky. As a student of Vasily Vasiliev at the University of Saint Petersburg, he developed an interest in Pali literature and went abroad to prepare a catalogue of Pali manuscripts at the British Museum and the Bibliothèque Nationale (still unpublished). His Russian-language Pali grammar (1872) was soon translated into French (1874) and English (1882). Minayev's magnum opus, ''Buddhism: Untersuchungen und Materialien'', was printed in 1887. . . . As a member of the Russian Geographical Society he travelled in India and Burma and Nepal in 1874–75, 1880, and 1885–86. His travel journals were published in English in 1958 and 1970. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Minayev Source Accessed Mar 1, 2021])Ivan_Minayev Source Accessed Mar 1, 2021]))
Waldo, I. + (Ives Waldo (Rime Lodro Waldo) studied with … Ives Waldo (Rime Lodro Waldo) studied with Trungpa Rinpoche from 1970 to 1988, and was trained in Tibetan translation as a member of the Nalanda Translation Committee, of which he is still a member. He participated in the translations of ''The Rain of Wisdom, The Life of Marpa'', and many liturgical texts. He has also recently worked on ''The Life of Tilopa''. ([http://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/Ives_Waldo Source Accessed Sept 18, 2020])Ives_Waldo Source Accessed Sept 18, 2020]))
Vargas, I. + (Ivette Vargas is Assistant Professor of Re … Ivette Vargas is Assistant Professor of Religious Studies at Austin College. Vargas earned her doctorate from Harvard University in 2003 with the dissertation "Falling to Pieces, Emerging Whole: Suffering Illness and Healing Renunciation in the Dge slong rna Dpal mo Tradition." She has done extensive fieldwork in Tibet with a focus on the intersection of medicine, healing, and religion and published chapters in ''A Communion of Subjects: Animals in Religion, Science, and Ethics'' (Columbia University Press 2006) and ''Teaching Religion and Healing'' (Oxford University Press 2006). (Source: ''As Long as Space Endures'', 478)Source: ''As Long as Space Endures'', 478))
De Jong, J. W. + (J. W. de Jong was born in Leiden. He atten … J. W. de Jong was born in Leiden. He attended primary school and gymnasium in Leiden, and went on to study at the University of Leiden from 1939–1945, where he began his lifelong study of the "canonical languages" of Buddhism: he took Chinese as his major, while minoring in Japanese and Sanskrit. With the closing of the university in 1940 following the German invasion of the Netherlands, de Jong was forced to continue his studies on his own. With the war's end in 1945, the university reopened and de Jong passed his candidaatsexamen. In 1946, he traveled to the United States as a visiting professor at Harvard University, where he continued his study of Sanskrit texts.From 1947-1950, he lived in Paris, studying at both the Sorbonne and the Collège de France, where he began studying Tibetan. While still in Paris, he met his future wife Gisèle Bacquès, whom he married in 1949. That same year, he was awarded his PhD from the University of Leiden; his doctoral thesis was a critical translation of Candrakīrti's ''Prasannapadā''. He also began studying Mongolian.He returned to the Netherlands in 1950 to act as senior research assistant (1950–1954) and continuing academic employee (1954–1956) at the Univ. of Leiden, working at the university's Sinologisch Instituut; in 1956, he became the first Chair of Tibetan and Buddhist Studies when the position was created at the Insituut Kern (the Indological institute at the Univ. of Leiden). In 1957, de Jong founded the Indo-Iranian Journal with Univ. of Leiden colleague F. B. J. Kuijper in 1957 in order to facilitate the publishing of scholarly articles in Indology. In 1965, he moved to Australia to become professor of Indology at the Australian National University in Canberra, a position he held until his retirement in 1986.De Jong became a corresponding member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1978.De Jong is well known for his amazing linguistic ability having had a command of Dutch, French, English, German, Chinese, Japanese, Russian, Danish, Mongolian, Sanskrit, Pāli, and Tibetan, as well as the rather acerbic quality of his reviews. His scholarly publications number more than 800; 700 of these are reviews. He made major contributions to the field of Tibetan studies, including a study of an account of the life of Milarepa by Tsangnyong Heruka Rüpägyäncän (Gtsang-smyon he-ru-ka rus-pa'i-rgyan-can) (1490), and the editing and translation of all Dunhuang fragments apropos of the Rāmāyaṇa story in Tibetan. Furthermore, his work on Madhyamaka philosophy in the 1940s is some of the earliest to treat that topic in detail.De Jong died in Canberra. In April 2000, some 12,000 items from his personal library (which itself contained over 20,000 volumes) was purchased from his family in Canberra by the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Willem_de_Jong Source Accessed Mar 17, 2020])lem_de_Jong Source Accessed Mar 17, 2020]))
Des Jardins, M. + (J.F. Marc des Jardins joined Concordia in … J.F. Marc des Jardins joined Concordia in 2005 as Assistant Professor after completing a postdoctoral degree on Conflict Resolutions at the Institute of Asian Research at The University of British Columbia. He teaches courses on the various Buddhist traditions (Indian, Tibetan, Chinese, Japanese and South Asian) as well as Chinese Popular Cults, Daoism and Tibetan religions. His research focuses on the Tibetan Bön religion and local societies and he has been actively engaged in field-based research along the Sino-Tibetan borderlands since 1991. Dr. des Jardins combines anthropological field methods with textual analysis and historiography. He has recently published a monograph entitled ''Le sûtra de la Mahâmâyûrî: rituel et politique dans la Chine des Tang (618-907)'' (Presse de l'Université Laval 2011) which is a study and translation of a key Chinese Buddhist grimoire important in the history of esoterism in Buddhism. In this work, he illustrates how Chinese indigenous cultural and political traditions were highly compatible with the Buddhist ritual traditions of Medieval India.In 2011, Dr. des Jardins was promoted to the rank of Associate Professor, and is currently working on different translation and research projects on the indigenous Bön Research which seeks to promote and support scientific research on indigenous Tibetan cultural and social traditions. ([https://www.concordia.ca/faculty/marc-des-jardins.html Source Accessed Nov 20, 2023])ardins.html Source Accessed Nov 20, 2023]))
Takkinen, J. + (Jaakko Takkinen is a PhD candidate in Reli … Jaakko Takkinen is a PhD candidate in Religious Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara. His areas of interest include Buddhist Studies, Tibetan Studies, Tibetan Buddhism and Medicine. He received an MA in South Asian Studies from the University of Helsinki in 2010 and a BA in South Asian Studies and Social and Cultural Anthropology from the University of Helsinki in 2008. Jaakko is currently working on a project entitled "Globalizing Tibetan Medicine through Buddhist Tantra – The Yutok Nyingtig Tradition in Contemporary Tibetan Medical Training." ([https://www.religion.ucsb.edu/people/student/jaakko-takkinen/ Adapted from Source June 9, 2021]).kinen/ Adapted from Source June 9, 2021]).)
Kornfield, J. + (Jack Kornfield trained as a Buddhist monk … Jack Kornfield trained as a Buddhist monk in the monasteries of Thailand, India and Burma. He has taught meditation internationally since 1974 and is one of the key teachers to introduce Buddhist mindfulness practice to the West. After graduating from Dartmouth College in Asian Studies in 1967 he joined the Peace Corps and worked on tropical medicine teams in the Mekong River valley. He met and studied as a monk under the Buddhist master Ven. Ajahn Chah, as well as the Ven. Mahasi Sayadaw of Burma. Returning to the United States, Jack co-founded the Insight Meditation Society in Barre, Massachusetts, with fellow meditation teachers Sharon Salzberg and Joseph Goldstein and the Spirit Rock Center in Woodacre, California. Over the years, Jack has taught in centers and universities worldwide, led International Buddhist Teacher meetings, and worked with many of the great teachers of our time. He holds a Ph.D. in clinical psychology and is a father, husband and activist.His books have been translated into 20 languages and sold more than a million copies. They include, ''A Wise Heart: A Guide to the Universal Teachings of Buddhist Psychology''; ''A Path with Heart''; ''After the Ecstasy, the Laundry''; ''Teachings of the Buddha''; ''Seeking the Heart of Wisdom''; ''Living Dharma''; ''A Still Forest Pool''; ''Stories of the Spirit, Stories of the Heart''; ''Buddha's Little Instruction Book''; ''The Art of Forgiveness, Lovingkindness and Peace''; ''Bringing Home the Dharma: Awakening Right Where You Are''; and his most recent book, ''No Time Like the Present: Finding Freedom, Love, and Joy Right Where You Are''. ([https://jackkornfield.com/bio/ Source Accessed March 6, 2020])===Teachings on Buddha-nature===* Awakening to Your Buddha Nature: https://www.spiritrock.org/buddha-nature* Finding Buddha Nature in the Midst of Difficulty Meditation: https://jackkornfield.com/finding-buddha-nature-in-the-midst-of-difficulty/* Your Buddha Nature: Teachings on the Ten Perfections: https://www.soundstrue.com/store/your-buddha-nature-507.htmltrue.com/store/your-buddha-nature-507.html)
Dalton, J. + (Jacob Dalton, Professor and Khyentse Found … Jacob Dalton, Professor and Khyentse Foundation Distinguished Professor of Tibetan Buddhism, received his Ph.D. in Buddhist Studies from the University of Michigan in 2002. After working for three years (2002-05) as a researcher with the International Dunhuang Project at the British Library, he taught at Yale University (2005-2008) before moving to Berkeley. He works on Nyingma religious history, tantric ritual, early Tibetan paleography, and the Dunhuang manuscripts. He is the author of The Taming of the Demons: Violence and Liberation in Tibetan Buddhism (Yale University Press, 2011) and Through the Eyes of the Compendium of Intentions: The History of a Tibetan Ritual Tradition (Columbia University Press, under review), and co-author of Tibetan Tantric Manuscripts from Dunhuang: A Descriptive Catalogue of the Stein Collection at the British Library (Brill, 2006). He is currently working on a study of tantric ritual in the Dunhuang manuscripts.([https://ealc.berkeley.edu/people/dalton-jacob Source: UC Berkeley])/people/dalton-jacob Source: UC Berkeley]))
Ensink, J. + (Jacob Ensink was born in Hilversum on June … Jacob Ensink was born in Hilversum on June 5, 1921. He earned his PhD from Utrecht University under the supervision of Jan Gonda in 1952. From 1954-1961 he was lecturer in Sanskrit at Groningen University. And from 1962-1984 he was professor of Sanskrit at the same institution. He became emeritus professor in 1984. ([https://www.dutchstudies-satsea.nl/deelnemers/ensink-jacob-jaap/ Adapted from Source Mar 23, 2021])b-jaap/ Adapted from Source Mar 23, 2021]))
Speyer, J. + (Jacob Samuel Speyer (b. Amsterdam, Decembe … Jacob Samuel Speyer (b. Amsterdam, December 20, 1849 - d. Leiden, November 2, 1913) was a Dutch linguist and philologist.Speyer was best known as a researcher, text editor, and translator of Sanskrit. He achieved international fame with his main work ''Sanskrit Syntax'' (1886).Speyer was born in Amsterdam and studied in Amsterdam and Leiden, where he graduated in December 1872 on a thesis about Hindu birth rituals. In 1877 he was appointed professor of Sanskrit at the Municipality of Amsterdam and in 1889 professor of Latin at the University of Groningen. In the same year he became a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. From 1902 to 1903 he was the ''rector magnificus'' of the University of Groningen. After the end of his rectorship in 1903, he switched to the University of Leiden, where he succeeded Hendrik Kern as professor of Sanskrit.Speyer wrote and lectured not only on Latin and Sanskrit, but on a multitude of subjects in the fields of linguistics, literature, anthropology, philosophy, and religion of Classical Antiquity and the Orient. He died in Leiden. ([https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Speyer Source Accessed Apr 23, 2021]Jacob_Speyer Source Accessed Apr 23, 2021])
Stone, J. + (Jacqueline Stone joined the Princeton facu … Jacqueline Stone joined the Princeton faculty in 1990. She teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in Buddhism and Japanese religions. Her chief research field is Japanese Buddhism of the medieval and modern periods. Her current research areas include death and dying in Buddhist cultures, Buddhism and nationalism, and traditions of the ''Lotus Sutra'', particularly Tendai and Nichiren. She is the author of ''Original Enlightenment and the Transformation of Medieval Japanese Buddhism'', which received a 2001 American Academy of Religion Award for Excellence in the Study of Religion. She has co-edited ''The Buddhist Dead: Practices, Discourses, Representations'' (with Bryan J. Cuevas, 2007), ''Readings of the Lotus Sutra'' (with Stephen F. Teiser, 2009), and other volumes of collected essays. Her newest book, ''Right Thoughts at the Last Moment: Buddhism and Deathbed Practices in Early Medieval Japan'' (working title), is forthcoming from University of Hawai`i Press. She has been president of the Society for the Study of Japanese Religions and co-chair of the Buddhism section of the American Academy of Religion. Currently she is vice president of the editorial board of the Kuroda Institute for the Study of Buddhism and serves on the advisory board of the ''Japanese Journal of Religious Studies''. ([https://religion.princeton.edu/people/faculty/core-faculty/jacqueline-stone/ Source Accessed Aug 6, 2020])eline-stone/ Source Accessed Aug 6, 2020]))
Bacot, J. + (Jacques Bacot (4 July 1877 – 18 June 1965) … Jacques Bacot (4 July 1877 – 18 June 1965) was an explorer and pioneering French Tibetologist. He travelled extensively in India, western China, and the Tibetan border regions. He worked at the École pratique des hautes études. Bacot was the first western scholar to study the Tibetan grammatical tradition, and along with F. W. Thomas (1867–1956) belonged to the first generation of scholars to study the Old Tibetan Dunhuang manuscripts. Bacot made frequent use of Tibetan informants. He acquired aid from Gendün Chöphel in studying Dunhuang manuscripts. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Bacot Source Accessed Dec 7, 2023])acques_Bacot Source Accessed Dec 7, 2023]))
May, J. + (Jacques May was born in 1927 in Aigle (Swi … Jacques May was born in 1927 in Aigle (Switzerland). He first studied Latin and Greek at the University of Lausanne (1949), where the teaching and personality of the Swiss Hellenist André Bonnard (1888-1959), a noted specialist and translator of ancient Greek tragedy, left a lasting impression on him. His early childhood fascination with Alexandra David-Néel (1868-1969) was transformed into a deep interest in "oriental" studies by the great Polish linguist, philologist, and musician Constantin Regamey (1907-1982). In 1949 Jacques May moved to Paris in order to obtain a "certificat d’études indiennes" (1951). At Sorbonne University, the École Pratique des Hautes Études and the Collège de France he studied Sanskrit, Tibetan, and Indian and Buddhist studies under the guidance of extraordinary personalities such as Louis Renou (1896-1966), Marcelle Lalou (1890-1967), Jean Filliozat (1906-1982), Paul Mus (1902-1969) and Paul Demiéville (1894-1979), all of whom impressed him deeply by their impeccable erudition, kindness, and, in the case of Jean Filliozat, administrative, diplomatic, and "political" skills. Of those who studied at the same time in Paris, mention can be made of André Bareau (1921-1993), Paul Horsch (1925-1971), Gerhard Oberhammer (born 1929), and the French Japanologist Bernard Frank (1927-1996). Jacques May could speak endlessly about that "golden age" of French Indology. Returning to Lausanne in 1956, he served as a librarian until 1961 while he prepared his doctoral thesis, which was published in Paris (Adrien Maisonneuve) in 1959 under the title ''Candrakīrti: Prasannapadā Madhyamakavṛtti'' (''Commentaire limpide au Traité du milieu''). This remarkable work consisted of an annotated French translation of the twelve chapters that had been left untranslated by Th. Stcherbatsky, S. Schayer and J.W. de Jong. As noted by P. Demiéville in his foreword, May’s translation was – and remains – a monument of erudition, accuracy and elegance. In 1961 the same Paul Demiéville appointed Jacques May as the editor in chief of the ''Hôbôgirin, Dictionnaire encyclopédique du bouddhisme d’après les sources chinoises et japonaises'', to which he contributed two long articles, ''Chūdō'' ([中道] "Middle Way," together with Katsumi Mimaki) and ''Chūgan'' ([中觀] "Madhyamaka"). Active as a privat-docent, Jacques May taught Sanskrit and Tibetan in Kyoto, where he stayed first as a grantee of the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, 1962-1965) and then as a member of the École française d’Extrême-Orient (1965-1968). In 1968 Jacques May was appointed as a "professeur extraordinaire" at the Faculty of Letters of the University of Lausanne ("professeur ordinaire" from 1976 to 1992, with a "chaire ad personam" of the Swiss National Science Foundation), directing?/managing? the Department of Oriental Languages and Cultures together with his colleagues Constantin Regamey, Heinz Zimmermann (1929-1986, since 1981), and Johannes Bronkhorst (born 1946, since 1987). Jacques May’s teaching was dedicated, in multi-annual cycles, to diverse topics such as Vasubandhu’s ''Abhidharmakośa'', the ''Mahāyāna Sūtras'', the life of the Buddha, and Sanskrit readings such as the ''Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā'' and the ''Saddharmapuṇḍarīka Sūtra'' (the two texts the present writer read with Jacques May in 1991-1992). Besides occasional collaboration with Étienne Lamotte (1903-1983), Jacques May carried on his research on Indian Madhyamaka, which resulted in the French translation of Candrakīrti’s commentary on the ninth chapter of Āryadeva’s ''Catuḥśataka'' ("Āryadeva et Candrakīrti sur la permanence," 1980-1984). Jacques May also supervised the doctoral theses of Tom J.F. Tillemans (his successor in Lausanne, 1992-2011) and Cristina A. Scherrer-Schaub (born 1947, professor of Indian Buddhism at the École Pratique des Hautes Études in Paris until 2015). He was involved in the doctoral research of the Geneva-based japanologists Jérôme Ducor and Michel Mohr. Wishing to make his retirement a "true retirement," Jacques May published nothing after 1992 but continued to actively supervise the PhD thesis of his Korean student and wife Kim Hyung-Hi, published in 2013 under the title ''La carrière du Bodhisattva dans l'Avatamsaka-sutra ; Matériaux pour l'étude de l'Avataṃsaka-sūtra et ses commentaires chinois'' (Peter Lang). As long as his health allowed, Jacques May kept travelling, notably in Asia and in South America. Those who had the privilege to know him remember an endearing personality with much wit, a touch of cynicism and (often dark) humor. As his impeccable French translations abundantly testify, Jacques May was a very talented writer; he was an expert in eighteenth-century French prose and late nineteenth-century poetry, above all Stéphane Mallarmé (1842-1898) and his famous "aboli bibelot d’inanité sonore." Curious about everything and naturally inquisitive, there was very little Jacques May, who lived among dictionaries, encyclopedias and maps, could not say about nineteenth-century Vienna or the work of Mozart; in his hand-written correspondence (Jacques May never used a computer in his life), he would quote Vasubandhu and Nāgārjuna in Sanskrit. Although he was not very fond of Yogācāra Buddhism, his article "La philosophie bouddhique idéaliste" (1971) has become a classic and remains, as Étienne Lamotte said a little less than fifty years ago, the best introduction to the topic. (Source: [http://iabsinfo.net/2018/03/obituary-tribute-to-professor-jacques-may/ Jacques May Obituary by Vincent Eltschinger, published on IABS March 24, 2018])acques May Obituary by Vincent Eltschinger, published on IABS March 24, 2018]))
Sylvan, J. + (Jade Sylvan (born September 9, 1982, Chica … Jade Sylvan (born September 9, 1982, Chicago, Illinois) is an American poet, author, performer, producer, performing artist and Unitarian Universalist minister. They are heavily rooted in the literary and performance community of Cambridge and Somerville, Massachusetts. They were called a "risque queer icon" by the Boston Globe. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jade_Sylvan Source Accessed May 24, 2023])Jade_Sylvan Source Accessed May 24, 2023]))
Han, J. + (Jaehee Han completed a translation of the ''Gaganagañjaparipṛcchāsūtra'' for his doctorate at the University of Oslo, under the supervision of Jens Braarvig,)
Davis, J. + (Jake Davis is currently a Postdoctoral Ass … Jake Davis is currently a Postdoctoral Associate with the Virtues of Attention project at New York University. He has taught at Brown University and at the City of College of New York. He earned a Ph.D. in Philosophy from CUNY Graduate Center, with an Interdisciplinary Concentration in Cognitive Science, as well as a Masters in Philosophy from the University of Hawai`i. His research at the intersection of Buddhist philosophy, moral philosophy, and cognitive science draws on his textual, meditative, and monastic training in the Theravāda Buddhist tradition of Burma (Myanmar), including work as an interpreter and teacher at meditation retreats. ([https://nyu.academia.edu/JakeHDavis Adapted from Source May 13, 2021])eHDavis Adapted from Source May 13, 2021]))
Nagasawa, J. + (Jake is a PhD student in the Department of … Jake is a PhD student in the Department of Religious Studies at UCSB. His research focuses on Tantric Buddhism in ancient and medieval Tibet. His MA thesis is a translation of an epistle from the Tibetan Buddhist canon ascribed to Buddhaguhya, an eighth-century Indian Buddhist master. an eighth-century Indian Buddhist master.)
Winkler, J. + (Jakob Winkler studies and practices Tibeta … Jakob Winkler studies and practices Tibetan Buddhism since the mid-eighties. He met Chögyal Namkhai Norbu in 1989. In 2002 he was authorized by him to teach the study and practice program of the base of "Santi Maha Sangha“ and in 2008 the 1st level. Jakob holds an MA in Tibetology, Indian art history and social anthropology, which he studied in Munich – his hometown – and Vienna. He works mainly as an author, editor and proofreader for Buddhist publications, instructor for Santi Maha Sangha and acts as interpreter for Buddhist teachings. Today he lives in Bonn, Germany.eachings. Today he lives in Bonn, Germany.)
Leschly, J. + (Jakob became a student of Buddhism in 1974 … Jakob became a student of Buddhism in 1974. He traveled to India in 1975, where he became a student of Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, as well as Tulku Pema Wangyal. He met Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse in 1977 and became his student as well.In the early 1980s Jakob did a three-year retreat in France, after which he worked for Association de Centre d’Etudes de Chanteloube. He has worked on translations from Tibetan, including Shabkar and Wondrous Dance of Illusion (supported by Tsadra Foundation), and has also served as oral interpreter for several lamas. In the 1990s he lived in Bir, translating both Madhyamaka and sadhana material for Siddhartha’s Intent. In the late 1990s he began leading study and practice programs for SI Western Door.Working toward clear and inclusive presentations of Buddhism for modern lay people and non-Buddhists, Jakob wrote and edited many of the early summaries and blurbs presenting Rinpoche’s teachings and programs. In the 2000s he earned a BA in Tibetology at the University of Copenhagen, exploring the commonalities and differences between Buddhism and western humanities and sciences. Since 2008 he has lived in Australia, where he presently directs study and practice programs for SI Australia. He is also a member of the KF Ashoka Translation Grants Subcommittee. ([https://khyentsefoundation.org/project/jakob-leschly/ Source: Khyentse Foundation])kob-leschly/ Source: Khyentse Foundation]))
Zamorski, J. + (Jakub Zamorski is an assistant professor o … Jakub Zamorski is an assistant professor of East Asian Buddhism at the Centre for Comparative Studies of Civilisations of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland. He researches and publishes on doctrinal and intellectual history of Pure Land Buddhism in early modern and modern China and Japan, on the reception of Buddhist logic and epistemology in East Asia and occasionally on other topics related to Chinese and Japanese Buddhist thought. He has contributed articles to e.g. ''Journal of Chinese Buddhist Studies'', ''Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde Südasiens'', chapters in edited volumes and essays in encyclopaedias (e.g. ''Brill Encyclopedia of Buddhism'', forthcoming). Encyclopedia of Buddhism'', forthcoming).)
Benn, J. + (James A. Benn was trained primarily as a s … James A. Benn was trained primarily as a scholar of medieval Chinese religions (Buddhism and Taoism). His research is aimed at understanding the practices and world views of medieval men and women, both religious and lay, through the close reading of primary sources in literary Chinese—the lingua franca of East Asian religions. He has concentrated on three major areas of research: bodily practice in Chinese Religions; the ways in which people create and transmit new religious practices and doctrines; and the religious dimensions of commodity culture. In particular he has worked on self-immolation, Chinese Buddhist apocrypha, and the religious and cultural history of tea. ([https://altausterity.mcmaster.ca/people/a-benn-james#biography Adapted from Source Aug 9, 2023])iography Adapted from Source Aug 9, 2023]))
Pratt, J. + (James Bissett Pratt (June 22, 1875 – Janua … James Bissett Pratt (June 22, 1875 – January 15, 1944) held the Mark Hopkins Chair of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy at Williams College. He was president of the American Theological Society from 1934 to 1935.Born in Elmira, New York, Pratt was the only child of Daniel Ransom Pratt and Katharine Graham Murdoch. He had an early appreciation of being read to by his mother, and particularly admired the idealism of Ralph Waldo Emerson in his youth. Pratt graduated from Elmira Free Academy in 1893, then attended Williams College, graduating in 1898.He subsequently studied at the University of Berlin and at Harvard University, earning his doctorate through his mentor William James in 1905. He returned to Williams to teach and write on philosophy thereafter. Pratt began teaching at Williams College in 1905 as Instructor of Philosophy. In 1906, he was promoted to Assistant Professor.In 1910, Pratt traveled to Chicago, where he met his future wife, Catherine Mariotti. They traveled to Italy in 1911 and were married. In 1917, Pratt was named the Mark Hopkins Chair of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy. He took a sabbatical in 1923, travelling in the Far East and teaching at the Chinese Christian University in Peking. Pratt retired in 1943 and received an honorary L.H.D. from Williams College. He died on January 15, 1944. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bissett_Pratt Source Accessed Nov 20, 2023])''The Pilgrimage of Buddhism and a Buddhist Pilgrimage'' (New York: Macmillan, 1928) constitutes his major contribution to Buddhist studies.is major contribution to Buddhist studies.)
Robinson, J. + (James Burnell Robinson, religious educator … James Burnell Robinson, religious educator. National Endowment of the Humanities scholar, 1987. Senior warden vestry St. Luke's Episcopal Church, Cedar Falls, 1990. Member American Academy Religion, International Association Buddhist Studies, Tibet Society, Constantian Society, Sarmatian Society.y, Constantian Society, Sarmatian Society.)
Cahill, J. + (James Cahill [was] an art historian and cu … James Cahill [was] an art historian and curator who played an influential role in expanding the study and teaching of Chinese painting in the West before and after the opening up of U.S.-China relations in the early 1970s . . .A longtime professor at UC Berkeley, Cahill was a dominant scholar in his field for 50 years. In the late 1950s, he was one of a small number of Western scholars permitted access to the imperial paintings that had been evacuated to Taiwan before the Chinese mainland fell under Communist rule. He was allowed to photograph many of the works for ''Chinese Painting'', his classic 1960 text that for decades was required reading in Chinese art history classes. ([https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-cahill-20140222-story.html#axzz2uLyt7i66 Adapted from Source July 14, 2023])yt7i66 Adapted from Source July 14, 2023]))
Whitehill, J. + (James Donald Whitehill is Associate profes … James Donald Whitehill is Associate professor at Stephens College in Columbia, Missouri. He has been the Director of the Columbia Zen Center since 1980. He is a member of the American Academy Religion, Association for Asian Studies, and the Society for Buddhist-Christian Studies.he Society for Buddhist-Christian Studies.)
Bosson, J. + (James Evert Bosson, an Associate Professor … James Evert Bosson, an Associate Professor at Univerity of California, Berkeley's Department of Oriental Languages in 1963-1996, was known to his Mongo1ian colleagues and friends as Mergenbatu. A graduate from University of Washington and a student of Nicho1as Poppe, Bosson's Ph.D. Dissertation was an annotated translation of Sakya Paṇḍta's ''A Treasury of Aphoristic Jewels: The Subhāṣitaranadhi of Sa Skya Paṇḍita in Tibetan and Mongolian'', the most detailed translation from two languages to this day. ([https://www.jstor.org/stable/26865352?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Source Accessed Mar 22, 2023])an_tab_contents Source Accessed Mar 22, 2023]))
Gentry, J. + (James Gentry is Assistant Professor of Rel … James Gentry is Assistant Professor of Religious Studies. He specializes in Tibetan Buddhism, with particular focus on the literature and history of its Tantric traditions. He is the author of Power Objects in Tibetan Buddhism: The Life, Writings, and Legacy of Sokdokpa Lodrö Gyeltsen, which examines the roles of Tantric material and sensory objects in the lives and institutions of Tibetan and Himalayan Buddhists.James’s research ranges across Tibetan and Himalayan intellectual history, material culture, contemplative and ritual practice, and scriptural translation, revelation, and canonicity, from the Tibetan imperial period to the present. His current projects include a study of the reception in Tibet from the 9th century to the present of the “Five Protectors” (Pañcarakṣā)—a set of five Indian Tantric Buddhist texts that have been among the most popular scriptures used for pragmatic purposes throughout the Buddhist world. James is also doing a study of a comprehensive literary treatment of Himalayan religious material culture: a 20th century compilation entitled A Treatise on the Paraphernalia and Musical Instruments of the Old School of Secret Mantra. His work on this compilation is directed toward the creation of a multimedia encyclopedia of Tibetan Buddhist material culture for use among scholars, teachers, and students of Asian religions. Before joining Stanford, James was on the faculty of the University of Virginia. He has also taught at Rangjung Yeshe Institute’s Centre for Buddhist Studies at Kathmandu University, where he served as director of its Master of Arts program in Translation, Textual Interpretation, and Philology. He has also served as editor-in-chief of the project 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, which aims to commission English translations of the Buddhist sūtras, tantras, and commentaries preserved in Tibetan translation and publish them in an online open-access forum (http://84000.co). ([https://religiousstudies.stanford.edu/people/james-gentry Source: Stanford Official Website)-gentry Source: Stanford Official Website))
Grayson, J. + (James Huntley Grayson (born 1944) is a sch … James Huntley Grayson (born 1944) is a scholar of the religions and folklore of Korea. He is Emeritus Professor of Modern Korean Studies in the School of East Asian Studies at The University of Sheffield.Grayson earned a BA in Anthropology from Rutgers University (1962–66), an MA in Anthropology from Columbia University (1966–68), an MDiv in Systematic Theology from Duke University (1968–71), and a PhD in the History of Religion from University of Edinburgh (1976–79).Grayson served as a missionary of the United Methodist Church (USA) to South Korea between 1971 and 1987. During this time he taught religion at Kyungpook National University and Keimyung University.In 1987 he moved to the University of Sheffield, where at the School of East Asian Studies, he taught Korean history and culture, and East Asian philosophy and religion. as first Lecturer, then Senior Lecturer, Reader and finally Professor. He retired in 2009.Grayson's research has focused on topics such as traditional Korean religion, Korean Christianity and Korean oral folklore and has been summarised as being focused on both "the diffusion of religion across cultural boundaries, and an analysis of the religious and intellectual conceptual framework of the Korean and East Asian peoples". His research is informed by his anthropological training and has been aided by fieldwork in Korea, Japan, and Okinawa.A collection of Grayson's research notes and correspondence, from the time he spent in East Asia, is kept in the Special Collections of the University Library, University of Sheffield.Grayson has served as President of the British Association for Korean Studies (BAKS), and Vice-President of the Association for Korean Studies in Europe (AKSE).Grayson was also President of the Folklore Society from to 2014 to 2017. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_H._Grayson Source Accessed Aug 11, 2023])_H._Grayson Source Accessed Aug 11, 2023]))
Low, J. + (James Low is a disciple and teacher in the … James Low is a disciple and teacher in the Byangter and Khordong lineages of the late Chhimed Rigdzin Lama.He began studying and practising Tibetan Buddhism in India in the 1960’s and received teachings from Kalu Rinpoche, Chatral Rinpoche, Kanjur Rinpoche and Dudjom Rinpoche. Having met his root teacher, Chhimed Rigdzin Lama (also known as C R Lama), he lived in his home in West Bengal, India for many years, serving him as required and being taught many aspects of the tradition. During this period in India James did several retreats and pilgrimages in the Himalayas. In the 1970’s and 1980’s, on his return to Europe, he also had teachings and guidance from Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche.James translated many tantric texts and sadhanas with CR Lama who wanted texts from his lineages, Byangter and Khordong, to be available in English. These are used as practice texts by CR Lama’s disciples and have been translated into various European languages.C R Lama asked James to teach in 1976 and later gave him the transmissions necessary to do this, together with full lineage authority. In particular, James was encouraged to give the traditional instructions using methods that enable people in the west to get the point. James has been teaching in this way for over twenty years.James regularly teaches the principles of dzogchen in Europe and he publishes translations and commentaries from time to time. . . .James studied at Edinburgh and other universities and has retired from his work in London as a Consultant Psychotherapist in the National Health Service. He is slowly winding down his private psychotherapy practice. He has taught on many psychotherapy trainings in Britain. ([https://simplybeing.co.uk/about-james-low-2/ Source Accessed Nov 29, 2023])ames-low-2/ Source Accessed Nov 29, 2023]))
Shields, J. + (James Mark Shields is Associate Professor … James Mark Shields is Associate Professor of Comparative Humanities and Asian Thought at Bucknell University (Lewisburg, PA), Japan Foundation Visiting Research Fellow at the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (Kyoto, Japan), and Research Associate with the Reischauer Institute for Japanese Studies, Harvard University. He was educated at McGill University (Canada), the University of Cambridge (UK), and Kyoto University (Japan). He conducts research on modern Buddhist thought, Japanese philosophy, comparative ethics, and philosophy of religion. He has published articles and translations in ''Asian Philosophy'', ''The Eastern Buddhist'', ''Japan Review'', ''Studies in Religion / Sciences religieuses'', ''Journal of Religion and Society'', ''Kultura i Politkya'', and ''Philosophy, Culture, and Traditions''. He is author of ''Critical Buddhism: Engaging with Modern Japanese Buddhist Thought'' (Ashgate, 2011) and co-editor (with Victor Sōgen Hori and Richard P. Hayes) of ''Teaching Buddhism in the West: From the Wheel to the Web'' (Routledge, 2003). He is currently working on a book manuscript entitled ''Warp and Woof: Modernism and Progressivism in Japanese Buddhism, 1886–1936''. He is Associate Editor of the ''Journal of Buddhist Ethics'', and is on the editorial board of the ''Journal of Japanese Philosophy''. ([https://bucknell.academia.edu/JamesMarkShields Source Accessed Jan 15, 2020])MarkShields Source Accessed Jan 15, 2020]))
Whelan, J. + (James Whelan is a Cambridge graduate and a … James Whelan is a Cambridge graduate and a Buddhist scholar, translator and lawyer. He has practiced Buddhism since the 1960s and is a founding member of The Zen Trust, London. He continues to teach Sanskrit and Pali and is a member of The Buddhist Society in the UK. ([https://www.thebuddhistsociety.org/content/library/docs/2023_03/tbs_catalogue_2023.pdf Source Accessed Apr 30, 2023])ue_2023.pdf Source Accessed Apr 30, 2023]))
Cresswell, J. + (Jamie Cresswell was President of the Europ … Jamie Cresswell was President of the European Buddhist Union from 2011 to 2017 and was elected Vice-President in 2017.Jamie is a member of SGI-UK and the Network of Buddhist Organisations UK, which he represents at the EBU. He is director of the Centre for Applied Buddhism, a member of the European Council of Religious Leaders and a trustee of Religions for Peace, UK.He has practised Buddhism for nearly 30 years and his Buddhist background includes a degree in Buddhist studies, as well as practice and study in many traditions and schools.In his spare time Jamie sings with a male voice choir, attempts to compose music and walks in the beautiful Oxfordshire countryside. ([http://europeanbuddhism.org/about/ebucouncil/ Source Accessed may 19, 2021])ebucouncil/ Source Accessed may 19, 2021]))

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