Stephen Hodge

PersonType	Category:Translators
FirstName / namefirst	Stephen
LastName / namelast	Hodge
MainNamePhon	Stephen Hodge
bio	Dr. Stephen Hodge completed his undergraduate studies at SOAS, University of London (1969–72) and his post-graduate studies at Tōhoku Universty (1972–81), focussing on the formation of early tantric Buddhism and early Yogācāra. He was ordained as a Shingon monk at Mt. Koya in 1974. Since returning to the UK, apart from some teaching work, Hodge has mainly engaged in translation work and also independent research into the textual formation of early Mahāyāna, especially focusing on the Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra and related texts. He is currently working on a translation of the Tibetan and two Chinese versions of the Nirvāṇasūtra, to be accompanied by an exhaustive textual analysis demonstrating the compositional methods and stratification of this text and the relationship between the three versions. Hodge has recently embarked upon a parallel study of the development and texts of early 1st century CE Messianic Judaism and the Hebreo-Aramaic basis of the Gospels, as well as investigating possible ideological influences in Southern India. His publications include: An Introduction to Classical Tibetan (1990), The Illustrated Tibetan Book of the Dead (1998), The Dead Sea Scrolls (2001), The Mahā-Vairocana Tantra with Commentary by Buddhaguhya (2001), The Daodejing (2002), the following sections of the Yogācāra-bhūmi-ṣāstra: Vyakhyā-saṃgrahaṇī, Paryāya-saṃgrahaṇī, Vastu-saṃgrahaṇī, Śrāvaka-bhūmi (forthcoming with BDK). Hodge is also currently publishing a series of interim study papers on the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra: Paper I “The Textual Transmisssion of the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra," Paper II "Who Compiled the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra, Where & When?” (forthcoming), Paper III "The Development of the Conceptual Terminology of the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra" (forthcoming. (Source Accessed October 16, 2019)
currentworks	Hodge is currently publishing a series of interim study papers on the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra: Paper I “The Textual Transmisssion of the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra”, Paper II “Who Compiled the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra, Where & When ?” (forthcoming), Paper III “The Development of the Conceptual Terminology of the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra” (forthcoming).
phduniversity	Tōhoku University
publications	Hodge, Stephen. "Translation of the Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra," Nirvana Sutra, accessed September 10, 2018, http://www.nirvanasutra.net/stephenhodgetranslates.htm. Hodge, Stephen. "Textual History of the Mahāyāna-mahāparinirvāna-sūtra", Nirvana Sutra, accessed September 10, 2018, http://www.nirvanasutra.net/historicalbackground.htm. Hodge, Stephen. "On the Eschatology of the Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra and Related Matters." Lecture delivered at the University of London, SOAS, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20130614174936/http://www.shabkar.org/download/pdf/On_the_Eschatology_of_the_Mahaparinirvana_Sutra_and_Related_Matters.pdf Hodge, Stephen. "The Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra, The Text & Its Transmission." Revised version of a paper presented in July 2010 at the Second International Workshop on the Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra held at Munich University, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20131219063612/http://www.buddhismuskunde.uni-hamburg.de/fileadmin/pdf/publikationen/The_Textual_Transmisssion_of_the_MPNS.pdf
IsInGyatsa	No
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Along with Madhyamaka, it was one of the two major philosophical schools of Mahāyāna Buddhism. Founded by Asaṅga and Vasubandhu around the fourth century CE, many of its central tenets have roots in the Saṃdhinirmocanasūtra and the so-called third turning of the dharma wheel (see tridharmacakrapravartana).

Mahāyāna, or the Great Vehicle, refers to the system of Buddhist thought and practice which developed around the beginning of Common Era, focusing on the pursuit of the state of full enlightenment of the Buddha through the realization of the wisdom of emptiness and the cultivation of compassion.