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Rnying+ma+scholar+and+practitioner.+According+to+Erik+Padma+Kunsang%2C+%27bru+%27jam+dbyangs+chos+kyi+grags+pa+was+a+close+disciple+of+%27jam+dbyangs+mkhyen+brtse%27i+dbang+po+and+a+holder+of+the+teaching+lineage+of+the+lam+rim+ye+shes+snying+po%3B%0Asee+http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rangjung.com%2Fgl%2FLamrim_Yeshe_Nyingpo_intro.htm.+He+should+not+be+confused+with+padma+%27phrin+las+snying+po+whose+one+volume+gsung+%27bum+has+recently+been+found+in+tibet.+%28Source%3A%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.tbrc.org%2F%23%21rid%3DP9709+TBRC%5D%29 +
Gyurme+Tsewang+Tenpel+was+one+of+the+four+sons+of+Chogyur+Lingpa%27s+daughter+K%C3%B6nchok+Paldr%C3%B6n.+He+was+recognized+as+the+rebirth+of+his+mother%27s+brother%2C+Tsewang+Drakpa%2C+the+oldest+son+of+Chogyur+Lingpa%2C+and+so+he+became+known+as+Tersey+Tulku%2C++%22the+Emanation+of+the+Treasure-revealer%27s+Son.%22+He+was+instrumental+in+the+transmission+of+grandfather%27s+Treasures+to+many+of+last+generation+of+lineage+holders%2C+such+as+the+late+Tulku+Urgyen+Rinpoche%2C+who+was+his+nephew%2C+and+Dilgo+Khyentse+Rinpoche. +
Jamyang+Loter+Wangpo+was+an+important+Rime+Sakya+master+of+Ngor+Thartse+Monastery+who+played+a+key+role+in+the+Rim%C3%A9+movement.+He+was+a+disciple+of+Jamyang+Khyentse+Wangpo+and+a+teacher+of+Jamyang+Khyentse+Ch%C3%B6kyi+Lodr%C3%B6.+He+is+well+known+for+compiling+the+Compendium+of+Tantras+under+the+inspiration+of+his+guru%2C+Jamyang+Khyentse+Wangpo+as+well+as+publishing+the+very+first+printed+edition+of+the+Explanation+for+Private+Disciples+of+the+Lamdre+system+of+the+Sakya+School%2C+which+before+that+had+been+transmitted+only+orally+and+was+tenuously+preserved+in+manuscript+form.+Jamyang+Loter+Wangpo+also+received+Dzogchen+instructions+from+Nyoshul+Lungtok.+The+collection+of+139+painted+mandala+thangkas+for+the+Compendium+of+Tantras+was+saved+in+1958+by+Sonam+Gyatso+Thartse+Khen+Rinpoche%2C+and+later+published+in+more+than+one+edition.+%28Source%3A+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.rigpawiki.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DJamyang_Loter_Wangpo+Rigpa+Wiki%5D%29 +
1708.+founds+bkra+shis+%27khyil%0Argyal+rabs+lo+tshigs+shes+bya+mang+%27dus+mkhas+pa%27i+spyi+nor+%28p.+357%29%0A1668.+To+Dbus+and+enters+%27Bras-spungs+Sgo-mang.%0A1674.+Final+ordination+from+5th+DL.%0A1676.+Enters+Rgyud+Smad.%0A1680.+Meditates+at+Ri-bo+Dge-%27phel.%0A1690.+Becomes+bla-ma+%5Babbot%5D+of+%27Bras-spungs+Sgo-mang.%0AAttempts+to+make+peace+between+the+Sde-srid+and+Lha-bzang+Khan.%0A1709.+Founds+the+Bkra-shis-%27khyil+Monastery+with+the+patronage+of+Ju-nang+Dpon.%0A1720.+Granted+title+PaNDi-ta-e-rti-no-min-han+by+the+Gong-ma+Khang-shis+Rgyal-po.%0AYear+of+death+1721+or+1722+%28according+to+Ming+mdzod%29%3B+dates+according+to+Tshad+ma%27i+%27byung+khungs%3A+1648-1722.%0AGsung-%27bum+in+15+volumes. +
Dzongsar+Khyentse+Chokyi+Lodro+was+one+of+the+most+influential+religious+teachers+in+Kham+in+the+first+half+of+the+twentieth+century.+One+of+multiple+reincarnations+of+Jamyang+Khyentse+Wangpo%2C+he+served+as+head+of+Dzongsar+Monastery%2C+which+he+enlarged%2C+founding+the+monastic+college%2C+Khamshe%2C+in+1918.+Chokyi+Lodro+fled+Kham+in+1955+during+the+Communist+takeover+of+Tibet%2C+settling+in+Sikkim%2C+where+he+passed+away+in+1959.+%28%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.treasuryoflives.org%2Fbiographies%2Fview%2FJamyang-Khyentse-Chokyi-Lodro%2F9990+Source%3A+Treasury+of+Lives%5D%29.+Also+see+his+collected+works+at+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fkhyentselineage.tsadra.org%2Findex.php%2F%2527jam_dbyangs_mkhyen_brtse_chos_kyi_blo_gros+Tsadra+Foundation%27s+Khyentse+Lineage+webiste%5D+and+the+translations+of+his+texts+at+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.lotsawahouse.org%2Ftibetan-masters%2Fjamyang-khyentse-chokyi-lodro%2F+Lotsawa+House%5D. +
A+student+of+Khenchen+Pema+Tsewang+Gyatso.+A+teacher+of+The+Fifth+Druktr%C3%BCl%2C+Pema+Tutop+Dorje%3B+The+Fourth+Tert%C3%B6n+Wangchen+Gyepai+Dorje%3B+Jikme+Yeshe+Nyingpo%2C+and+so+forth. +
A
A+student+of+Ju+Mipam+Jamyang+Namgyal+Gyatso. +
Adzom+Gyalse+Gyurme+Dorje+%28Tib.+%E0%BD%A8%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%9B%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%97%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%2C+Wyl.+a+%27dzom+rgyal+sras+%27gyur+med+rdo+rje%29+aka+Agyur+Rinpoche+%28Wyl.+a+%27gyur+rin+po+che%29+%281895-1969%29+%E2%80%94+the+third+son+and+student+of+Adzom+Drukpa.+He+was+recognized+by+Jamg%C3%B6n+Kongtrul+as+an+emanation+of+Orgyen+Terdak+Lingpa.%0A%0AAdzom+Gyalse+Gyurme+Dorje+was+the+third+son+and+student+of+Adzom+Drukpa+Drodul+Pawo+Dorje.+His+mother+was+Tashi+Lhamo+%28Tib.+bkra+shis+lha+mo%29%2C+the+daughter+of+a+popular+merchant+named+Budo+%28Tib.+bum+dos%29%2C+who+became+Adzom+Drukpa%E2%80%99s+spiritual+wife+at+the+recommendation+of+Jamg%C3%B6n+Kongtrul.+While+regarded+as+the+incarnation+of+several+eminent+master%2C+Adzom+Gyalse+was+recognised+as+the+incarnation+of+Minling+Terchen+Gyurme+Dorje.+Adzom+Drukpa+oversaw+the+spiritual+education+of+Adzom+Gyalse+and+transmitted+to+him+especially+his+own+terma+treasures+and+the+teachings+of+the+Great+Perfection+such+as+the+Longchen+Nyingtik+and+the+Chets%C3%BCn+Nyingtik.+These+in+turn+became+also+the+main+focus+of+Adzom+Gyalse%E2%80%99s+study+and+practice.+Thus+Adzom+Gyalse+rose+to+become+of+the+main+holders+of+the+lineage+and+transmission+of+the+Great+Perfection+teachings.%0A%0AAdzom+Gyalse+took+over+the+legacy+of+his+father+and+became+responsible+for%2C+the+by+his+father+in+1886+established%2C+Adzom+Gar+%28Tib.+A+%E2%80%99dzom+gar%29.%5B2%5D+Unlike+his+father%2C+Adzom+Gyalse+took+monastic+ordination+and+remained+a+monk+throughout+his+entire+life.+He+further+developed+and+expanded+Adzom+Gar+and+became+its+main+teacher+and+holder.+While+Adzom+Gyalse+had+the+potential+to+become+a+great+tert%C3%B6n+he+decided+to+focused+instead+on+the+preservation+and+continuation+of+existing+practices+and+teachings.%0A%0AIn+1958%2C+Adzom+Gyalse+was+arrested+and+put+in+prison+where+he+gave+teachings+to+his+fellow+inmates.+He+passed+away+in+1969+with+many+miraculous+signs%2C+and+left+a+letter+predicting+the+date+and+place+of+his+future+rebirth+and+the+names+of+his+future+parents.+In+accordance+with+this+letter%2C+Dilgo+Khyentse+Rinpoche+recognised+a+child+born+in+Bhutan+in+1980+as+the+reincarnation+of+Adzom+Gyalse+Gyurme+Dorje.+This+child+became+a+monk+at+Shechen+Monastery+and+received+numerous+teachings+and+initiations+from+Khyentse+Rinpoche.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.rigpawiki.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAdzom_Gyalse_Gyurme_Dorje+Source+Accessed+Sep+30%2C+2022%5D%29
%27%27%27Apang+Terchen+Orgyen+Trinl%C3%A9+Lingpa+%281895-1945%29%27%27%27%0A%0AChoktrul+Lozang+Tendzin+of+Trehor+studied+with+the+lord+Kunga+Palden+and+the+Ch%C3%B6%0Amaster+Dharma+Seng-g%C3%A9%2C+and+Apang+Terchen+in+turn+studied+with+Lozang+Tendzin.%0AApang+Terchen%2C+also+known+as+Orgyen+Trinl%C3%A9+Lingpa%2C+was+renowned+as+the+rebirth+of%0ARigdzin+G%C3%B6dem.+He+was+reputed+to+have+been+conceived+in+the+following+way%3A+Traktung%0ADudjom+Lingpa+focused+his+enlightened+intent+while+resting+in+the+basic+space%0Aof+timeless+awareness%2C+whereupon+Apang+Terchen%27s+mother+experienced+an+intense%0Asurge+of+delight.+This+caused+all+ordinary+concepts+based+on+confusion+to+be+arrested%0Ain+her+mind+for+a+short+time%2C+and+it+was+then+that+Apang+Terchen+was+conceived+in+her%0Awomb.2+From+that+moment+on%2C+his+mother+constantly+had+dreams+that+were+amazing%0Aomens.+For+example%2C+she+found+herself+among+groups+of+dakinis+enjoying+the+splendor%0Aof+ganachakras%2C+or+being+bathed+by+many+dakas+and+dakinis%2C+or+dwelling+in+pavilions%0Aof+light%2C+illuminating+the+entire+world+with+her+radiance.%0A%0AThe+child+was+born+one+morning+at+dawn%2C+in+the+area+of+Serta+in+eastern+Tibet%2C+his%0Amother+having+experienced+no+discomfort.+Her+dwelling+was+filled+with+%5B2.188a%5D+and%0Asurrounded+by+light%2C+as+though+the+sun+were+shining+brightly.+There+were+also+pavilions%0Aof+light%2C+and+a+fragrance+pervaded+the+entire+area%2C+although+no+one+could+tell%0Awhere+it+came+from.+Everyone+saw+numerous+amazing+signs+on+the+child%27s+body%2C+such%0Aas+a+tuft+of+vulture+feathers+adorning+the+crown+of+his+head.3+The+mother%27s+brother%2C%0AS%C3%B6nam+Dorj%C3%A9%2C+asked%2C+%22What+will+become+of+this+boy+who+has+no+father%3F+How+shameful%0Ait+would+be+if+people+saw+these+feathers%21%224+But+although+he+cut+the+feather+tuft%0Aoff+the+child%27s+head+several+times%2C+it+grew+back+on+its+own%2C+just+as+before.+This+upset%0AS%C3%B6nam+Dorj%C3%A9+even+more%2C+and+he+berated+his+sister+angrily%2C+saying+on+numerous+occasions%2C%0A%22How+could+your+child+have+no+father%3F+You+must+tell+me+who+he+is%21%22+His%0Asister+retorted%2C+%22With+the+truth+of+karma+as+my+witness%2C+I+swear+I+have+never+lain+with%0Aa+flesh-and-blood+man+of+this+world.+This+pregnancy+might+be+a+result+of+my+own%0Akarma.%22+She+became+so+extremely+depressed+that+her+fellow+villagers+couldn%27t+bear+it%0Aand+used+various+means+to+bring+a+halt+to+her+brother%27s+inappropriate+behavior.%0A%0AFrom+an+early+age%2C+this+great+master%2C+Apang+Terchen%2C+felt+an+innate+and+unshakable%0Afaith+in+Guru+Rinpoch%C3%A9+and+had+a+clear+and+natural+knowledge+%5B2.188b%5D+of+the+%27%27vajra+guru%27%27+%0Amantra+and+the+Seven-Line+Supplication.+He+learned+how+to+read+and+write%0Asimply+upon+being+shown+the+letters+and+exhibited+incredible+signs+of+his+spiritual+potential%0Aawakening.+For+example%2C+his+intelligence%2C+which+had+been+developed+through%0Atraining+in+former+lifetimes%2C+was+such+that+no+one+could+compete+with+him.+As+he%0Agrew+up%2C+he+turned+his+attention+toward+seeking+the+quintessential+meaning+of+life.%0AHe+studied+at+the+feet+of+many+teachers+and+mentors%2C+including+the+Nyingtik+master%0AGyatsok+Lama+Damlo+and+Terchen+Sogyal%2C+studying+many+of+the+mainstream+traditions%0Aof+the+sutras+and+tantras%2C+especially+those+of+the+kama+and+terma.%0A%0AThe+most+extraordinary+lord+of+his+spiritual+family+was+Trehor+Drakar+Tulku%2C5%0Awith+whom+he+studied+for+a+long+time%2C+receiving+the+complete+range+of+empowerments%2C%0Aoral+transmissions%2C+and+pith+instructions+of+the+secret+Nyingtik+cycles+of+utter+lucidity.%0AHe+went+to+solitary+ravines+throughout+the+region%2C+making+caves+and+overhangs%0Aon+cliffs+his+dwelling+places%2C+taking+birds+and+wild+animals+as+his+companions%2C+and%0Arelying+on+the+most+ragged+clothing+and+meager+diet.+He+planted+the+victory+banner%0Aof+spiritual+practice%2C+meditating+for+a+long+period+of+time.+He+was+graced+by+visions+of%0Aan+enormous+array+of+his+personal+meditation+deities%2C+%5B2.189a%5D+including+Tara%2C+Avalokiteshvara%2C%0AMa%C3%B1jushri%2C+Sarasvati%2C+and+Amitayus.+He+was+not+content+to+leave+the%0Atrue+nature+of+phenomena+an+object+of+intellectual+speculation%2C+and+his+realization%0Aprogressed+in+leaps+and+bounds.%0A%0AApang+Terchen+bound+the+eight+classes+of+gods+and+demons+%E2%80%94+including+such+spirits%0Aas+Nyenchen+Tanglha%2C+Ma+Pomra%2C+and+Sergyi+Drong-ri+Mukpo6+%E2%80%94+to+his+service.%0AHe+communicated+directly+with+Tsiu+Marpo%2C+the+white+form+of+Mahakala%2C+Ganapati%2C%0Aand+other+protective+deities%2C+like+one+person+conversing+with+another%2C+and+enjoined%0Athem+to+carry+out+his+enlightened+activities.+So+great+was+his+might+that+he+also+bound%0Athese+protective+deities+to+his+service%2C+causing+lightning+to+strike+and+so+forth%2C+so+that%0Athose+who+had+become+his+enemies+were+checked+by+very+direct+means%2C+before+years%2C%0Amonths%2C+or+even+days+had+passed.%0A%0ANotably%2C+he+beheld+the+great+master+of+Orgyen+in+a+vision+and+was+blessed+as+the%0Aregent+of+Guru+Padmakara%27s+three+secret+aspects.+On+the+basis+of+a+prophecy+he+received%0Aat+that+time%2C+Apang+Terchen+journeyed+to+amazing+holy+sites%2C+such+as+Draklha%0AG%C3%B6npo+in+Gyalrong%2C+Khandro+Bumdzong+in+the+lowlands+of+eastern+Tibet%2C+and+Dorj%C3%A9%0ATreldzong+in+Drakar%2C+where+he+revealed+countless+terma+caches+consisting+of+teachings%2C%0Aobjects+of+wealth%2C+and+sacred+substances.+He+revealed+some+of+them+in+secret%2C%0Aothers+in+the+presence+of+large+crowds.+In+these+ways%2C+he+revealed+a+huge+trove+of+profound%0Atermas.+%5B2.189b%5D+Those+revealed+publicly+were+brought+forth+in+the+presence+of%0Amany+fortunate+people+and+in+conjunction+with+truly+incredible+omens%2C+which+freed%0Aall+present+from+the+bonds+of+doubt+and+inspired+unshakable+faith+in+them.+Apang%0ATerchen%27s+fame+as+an+undisputed+siddha+and+tert%C3%B6n+resounded+throughout+the+land%2C+as%0Athough+powerful+enough+to+cause+the+earth+to+quake.+His+terma+teachings+are+found%0Ain+the+numerous+volumes+of+his+collected+works+and+include+%27%27The+Hidden+Treasure+of+Enlightened+Mind%3A+The+Thirteen+Red+Deities%27%27%2C+%0Apractices+focusing+on+the+Three+Roots%2C+cycles+concerning+guardian+deities+and+the+%0Aprinciple+of+enlightened+activity%2C+and+his+large+instruction+manual+on+Dzogchen+teachings.%0A%0AApang+Terchen%27s+students%2C+from+Dartsedo+in+the+east%2C+to+Repkong+in+Amdo+to+the%0Anorth%2C+to+the+three+regions+of+Golok+and+other+areas%2C+included+mentors+who+nurtured%0Athe+teachings+and+beings%2C+masters+such+as+those+known+as+the+%22four+great+illuminators%0Aof+the+teachings%2C%22+the+%22four+vajra+ridgepoles%2C11+the+%22four+named+Gyatso%2C%22+the+%22great%0Amasters%2C+the+paired+sun+and+moon%2C%22+and+Jangchub+Dorj%C3%A9+%28the+custodian+of+Apang%0ATerchen%27s+termas%29.7+He+also+taught+important+political+figures+who+exerted+great%0Ainfluence+over+the+people+of+their+areas%2C+including+the+%22four+great+chieftains+of+the%0Aregion+of+Dza+in+the+north%2C%22+%5B2.190a%5D+that+is%2C+Gets%C3%A9+Tsering+Dorj%C3%A9+of+Dza+in+the+northern%0Areaches+of+eastern+Tibet%2C+G%C3%B6nlha+of+Akyong+in+Golok%2C+Mewa+Namlo+of+the+M%C3%A9%0Aregion+of+Golok%2C+and+the+chieftain+of+Serta+in+Washul.+Apang+Terchen%27s+students+also%0Aincluded+countless+monks%2C+nuns%2C+villagers%2C+and+lay+tantric+practitioners.+He+transmitted%0Ahis+own+termas+and+the+great+Nyingtik+cycles+of+the+Dzogchen+teachings%2C+and+so%0Anumerous+were+those+he+guided+that+he+truly+embodied+the+enlightened+activity+of%0Aone+who+held+sway+over+the+three+realms.+In+these+times+of+spiritual+degeneration%2C+he%0Aalleviated+problems+caused+by+disease%2C+famine%2C+border+wars%2C+and+civil+unrest.+In+such%0Aways%2C+Apang+Terchen+rendered+great+service+to+the+land+of+Tibet.+His+kindness+to+the%0ATibetan+people+as+a+whole+was+truly+extraordinary%2C+for+he+worked+to+ensure+a+glorious%0Astate+of+peace+and+well-being.%0A%0ADuring+a+pilgrimage+to+Jowo+Yizhin+Norbu%2C+the+statue+of+the+lord+Shakyamuni+in%0ALhasa%2C+Apang+Terchen+paid+respect+to+many+tens+of+thousands+of+ordained+members%0Aof+the+sangha%2C+sponsoring+ganachakras%2C+making+offerings%2C+and+offering+meals%2C+tea%2C%0Aand+donations+at+such+monastic+centers+as+Sera%2C+Drepung%2C+and+Ganden.+He+sponsored%0Athe+gilding+of+statues+in+these+centers+and+in+such+ways+strove+to+reinforce+his+positive%0Aqualities.+Everyone+could+see+that+no+matter+how+many+avenues+he+found+to+extend%0Agenerosity%2C+his+resources+of+gold%2C+silver%2C+and+other+valuables+%5B2.190b%5D+continued+to%0Aincrease%2C+as+though+he+had+access+to+a+treasure+mine.%0A%0AAmong+his+heart+children+and+intimate+students+were+his+sons%2C+Gyurm%C3%A9+Dorj%C3%A9%2C%0AWangchen+Nyima%2C+and+Dotrul+Rinpoch%C3%A9%3B+his+daughter%2C+Tare+Lhamo%3B+and+the+custodian%0Aof+his+termas%2C+Jangchub+Dorj%C3%A9.+Until+recently%2C+Tare+Lhamo+lived+in+eastern+Tibet%2C%0Amaintaining+the+teachings.8%0A%0AThus+did+Apang+Terchen+benefit+beings+with+his+incredible+compassion+and+activities.%0AAs+his+life+was+nearing+an+end%2C+he+remarked%2C+%22For+the+sake+of+the+teachings+and%0Aof+beings%2C+I+must+enter+the+bloodline+of+the+glorious+Sakya+school.%22+This+fearless+lion%27s%0Aroar+proved+to+be+his+last+testament%2C+spoken+with+an+unobscured+awareness+of+past%2C%0Apresent%2C+and+future.+He+then+manifested+incredible+miracles+and+departed+for+the%0Agreat+palace+of+Pema+%C3%96.%0A%0A%0ASource%3A+Richard+Barron+translation+of+Nyoshul+Khenpo%2C+A+Marvelous+Garland+of+Rare+Gems%3A+Biographies+of+Masters+of+Awareness+in+the+Dzogchen+Lineage%2C+Padma+Publications%2C+2005%2C+pages+488-491.
Gerardo+Abboud+was+born+in+Buenos+Aires%2C+Argentina%2C+and+starting+in+the+early+1970s%2C+lived+in+India+and+Nepal+for+fourteen+years.+Since+1986%2C+Abboud+has+been+president+of+the+Dongyuling+Center%2C+Argentina%2C+which+offers+free+teachings+on+Buddhist+theory+and+practice.+He+is+the+English+interpreter+for+several+Kagyu+lamas+and+since+1992+has+served+as+the+Dalai+Lama%E2%80%99s+interpreter+in+Latin+America. +
Masao+Abe+is+a+leading+Buddhist+thinker+who+has+spent+many+years+furthering+the+work+begun+by+D.+T.+Suzuki.+He+received+his+Ph.D.+from+Kyoto+University+after+postgraduate+studies+at+Columbia+University+and+Union+Theological+Seminary.+Abe+has+been+a+visiting+professor+at+several+major+universities+in+the+United+States+and+has+traveled+widely+in+Europe+and+Asia+as+well.+Author+of+%27%27Zen+and+Western+Thought%27%27%2C+he+has+also+contributed+to+the+Macmillan+Library+of+Philosophy+and+Religion+series.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.shambhala.com%2Fauthors%2Fa-f%2Fmasao-abe.html+Source+Accessed+Nov+22%2C+2019%5D%29 +
Famed+author+of+the+Biographies+of+Eighty-Four+Mahasiddhas. +
John+Abramson+is+retired+and+lives+in+the+Lake+District+in+Cumbria%2C+England.+He+obtained+an+MSc+in+Transpersonal+Psychology+and+Consciousness+Studies+in+2011+when+Les+Lancaster+and+Mike+Daniels+ran+this+course+at+Liverpool+John+Moores+University.+He+is+currently+studying+for+a+distance+learning+Buddhist+Studies+MA+at+the+University+of+South+Wales.+%28%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.integralworld.net%2Fabramson2.html+Source+Accessed+Apr+9%2C+2021%5D%29 +
After+completing+an+undergraduate+degree+in+Economics+at+Keio+University%2C+Ry%C5%ABichi+Ab%C3%A9+acquired+a+master%E2%80%99s+degree+from+the+School+of+Advanced+International+Affairs%2C+the+Johns+Hopkins+University.+He+then+turned+to+Religious+Studies+and+was+awarded+an+M.+Phil.+and+Ph.D.+from+Columbia+University.+Professor+Ab%C3%A9%E2%80%99s+research+interests+center+around+Buddhism+and+visual+culture%2C+Buddhism+and+literature%2C+Buddhist+theory+of+language%2C+history+of+Japanese+esoteric+Buddhism%2C+Shinto-Buddhist+interaction%2C+and+Buddhism+and+gender.+He+has+been+teaching+wide-ranging+graduate+and+undergraduate+courses+on+East+Asian+religions+and+premodern+and+early+modern+Japanese+religions.%0A%0AHis+publications+include+%27%27Great+Fool%E2%80%93Zen+Master+Ry%C5%8Dkan%27%27+%28University+of+Hawaii+Press%29%2C+the+%27%27Weaving+of+Mantra%E2%80%93K%C5%ABkai+and+the+Construction+of+Esoteric+Buddhist+Discourse%27%27+%28Columbia+University+Press%29%2C+%22Word%22+%28in+Lopez+ed.%2C+%27%27Critical+Terms+in+Buddhist+Studies%27%27%2C+University+of+Chicago+Press%29%2C+%22Genj%C5%8D+sanz%C5%8D+no+t%C5%8Dei%3A+%27%27Shingon+hasso+gy%C5%8Dj%C5%8Dzu%27%27+no+saikaishaku%22+%28Tripitaka+Master+Xuanzang+and+His+Reflections%3A+reinterpreting+the+narrative+painting+series+%27%27Deeds+of+the+Shingon+Patriarchs%27%27%29%2C+Sano+Midori%2C+et+al.+eds.%2C+%27%27Ch%C5%ABsei+kaiga+no+matorikkusu+II%27%27+%28%27%27Matrix+of+Medieval+Paintings+II%27%27%2C+Seikansha+Press%29%2C+%22Heian+shoki+tenn%C5%8D+no+seiken+k%C5%8Dtai+to+kanj%C5%8D+girei%22+%28Early+Heian+Imperial+Succession+and+Abhiseka+Ritual%29%2C+Nemoto+Seiji%2C+et+al.+eds.%2C+%27%27Nara+Bukky%C5%8D+no+dent%C5%8D+to+kakushin%27%27+%28%27%27Tradition+and+Innovation+in+the+Buddhism+of+Nara%27%27%2C+Bensei+Shuppan+Press%29%2C+%22Revisiting+the+Dragon+Princess%3A+her+role+in+medieval+origin+stories+and+its+implications+in+reading+the+%27%27Lotus+Sutra%27%27%22+%28%27%27Japanese+Journal+of+Religious+Studies%27%27%29%2C+and+%22Women+and+the+Heike+n%C5%8Dky%C5%8D%3A+The+Dragon+Princess%2C+the+Jewel+and+the+Buddha%22+%28%27%27Impressions%2C+The+Journal+of+the+Japanese+Art+Society+of+America%27%27%29.%3Cbr%3E%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Frijs.fas.harvard.edu%2Fryuichi-abe+Source+Accessed+Sept+4%2C+2020%5D%29
I+have+followed+a+training+in+Tibetan+Studies+first+at+the+INALCO+and+then+at+the+EPHE+%28Sorbonne%29+where+I+attended+the+seminaries+by+Anne-Marie+Blondeau%2C+a+specialist+in+Bon+and+rNying+ma+gter+ma+literature.+Since+1999+I+have+become+a+researcher+at+the+Centre+National+de+la+Recherche+Scientifique+%28CNRS%29+in+Paris+and+am+a+member+of+Centre+de+Recherches+sur+les+Civilisations+de+l%27Asie+Orientale+%28CRCAO%29.+Among+other+academic+duties%2C+I+am+a+member+of+the+scientific+committee+of+the+Institut+d%27Etudes+Tib%C3%A9taines+%28IET%29+of+the+Coll%C3%A8ge+de+France+%28Paris%29%2C+as+well+as+the+founder+and+director+of+the+Revue+d%27Etudes+Tib%C3%A9taines+%28RET%29+which+is+available+for+free+on+the+Digital+Himalaya+website+from+the+Cambridge+University%3A+http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalhimalaya.com%2Fcollections%2Fjournals%2Fret%2F%0A%0ASee+also%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fkhyungmkhar.blogspot.com%2F2018%2F02%2Fchoying-no-20.html%0A%0A%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FJean-Luc-Achard%2Fe%2FB0034Q97FG+Source%5D+Accessed+Feb+26%2C+2018%29 +
Namdrol+Miranda+Adams+holds+an+MA+in+Education+with+a+focus+on+Educational+Leadership+and+Policy+from+Portland+State+University%2C+and+a+BA+in+English+Literature+from+New+York+University.+Since+1998+she+has+dedicated+her+life+to+the+study+and+practice+of+the+Tibetan+language+and+the+Tibetan+Buddhist+tradition%2C+seven+of+those+as+a+Buddhist+nun.+She+studied+the+traditional+texts+and+their+commentaries+at+Deer+Park+Monastery+in+Wisconsin+from+1998%E2%80%932003+and+her+editing+and+translation+work+includes+%27%27Practicing+the+Path%27%27%2C+the+%27%27Rubin+Foundation%27s+Treasury+of+Lives%27%27%2C+%27%27Karmapa+900%27%27%2C+and+the+%27%27Lama+Yeshe+Wisdom+Archive%27s+Kopan+Lam+Rim+Courses%27%27.+She+has+been+the+assistant+of+Yangsi+Rinpoche+since+1999+and+is+one+of+the+founders+of+Maitripa+College%2C+where+she+is+Dean+of+Education.+%28Source%3A+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwisdomexperience.org%2Fproduct%2Fpracticing-path%2F+Wisdom+Publications%5D%29 +
The+Eighth+Adeu+Rinpoche+was+born+on+the+fourth+day+of+the+12th+Tibetan+month+in+the+Iron+Horse+year+of+the+fifteenth+calendrical+cycle%2C+in+the+middle+of+a+freezing+winter.+As+the+16th+Karmapa+and+the+Eighth+Choegon+Rinpoche+recognized+the+child+as+the+authentic+reincarnation+of+the+Seventh+Adeu+Rinpoche%2C+he+was+taken+to+Tsechu+Gompa+for+enthronement+at+the+age+of+seven.+Immediately+after+this%2C+he+began+his+traditional+education+in+writing%2C+calligraphy%2C+poetry%2C+astrology%2C+mandala+painting%2C+spiritual+practice+and+text+recitation.+At+the+same+time%2C+the+young+Adeu+Rinpoche+also+received+many+teachings+and+pith-instructions+based+on+the+old+and+new+traditions%2C+but+primarily+on+the+Drukpa+lineage+from+the+Eighth+Choegon+Rinpoche%2C+Jamyang+Khyentse+Ch%C3%B6kyi+Lodr%C3%B6+and+many+other+great+masters.+After+this%2C+Rinpoche+entered+into+a+seven-year+retreat%2C+during+which+he+practised+the+sadhanas+of+different+deities+and+trained+in+tsa-lung%2C+following+the+Six+Yogas+of+Naropa+and+the+liberating+Mahamudra+mind-training+practices.+He+also+learnt+philosophy.+Adeu+Rinpoche+later+wrote+a+precise+commentary+on+the+three+sets+of+vows%2C+the+root+of+heart-essence+of+Nyingmapa+lineage%2C+and+on+the+various+mandala+deities.%0A%0AIn+1958%2C+all+the+sacred+texts%2C+statues+and+precious+objects+were+completely+destroyed%2C+and+Rinpoche+was+imprisoned+for+fifteen+years.+Although+Adeu+Rinpoche+suffered+a+great+deal%2C+the+period+in+prison+gave+him+an+opportunity+to+meet+many+accomplished+masters%2C+who+had+also+been+imprisoned%2C+especially+Khenpo+Munsel+from+whom+he+received+instructions+on+Dzogchen%2C+and+under+whose+guidance%2C+he+practised+the+rare+and+precious+teachings+of+the+aural+lineage+%28Nyengy%C3%BC%29+of+the+Nyingma+school%2C+and+studied+the+various+Nyingmapa+terma+teachings.%0A%0AAdeu+Rinpoche+was+an+extremely+important+master+of+the+Drukpa+Kagy%C3%BC+lineage%2C+especially+following+the+Cultural+Revolution%2C+during+which+many+great+Drukpa+lineage+masters+passed+away.+When+teachings+of+the+Drukpa+lineage+were+faced+with+extinction%2C+Adeu+Rinpoche+was+the+only+remaining+lineage+holder+of+the+Khampa+tradition+of+the+Drukpa+lineage.%0A%0AAt+the+end+of+1980%2C+Adeu+Rinpoche+went+to+Tashi+Jong+in+India+to+pass+on+the+entire+lineage+of+the+Khampa+Drukpa+tradition+to+the+present+Khamtrul+Rinpoche+Dongy%C3%BC+Nyima%2C+Choegon+Rinpoche+Choekyi+Wangchuk+and+many+other+great+tulkus+of+the+Drukpa+lineage.%0A%0AIn+1990%2C+Adeu+Rinpoche+also+gave+the+complete+empowerments+of+the+Drukpa+lineage+to+the+local+tulkus+in+Nangchen.+About+51+tulkus+and+1600+monks+and+nuns+were+present+to+receive+the+empowerments+and+oral+transmissions.+In+this+way%2C+Adeu+Rinpoche+became+the+main+lineage+master+of+the+Khampa+Drukpa+tradition+for+all+the+Drukpa+tulkus.+Thereafter%2C+Adeu+Rinpoche+went+to+Bhutan+and+exchanged+initiations+with+Je+Khenpo%2C+Jigme+Chodrak+Rinpoche%2C+Dilgo+Khyentse+Rinpoche+and+many+other+enlightened+masters%2C+thus+becoming+a+representative+of+the+Drukpa+lineage.%0A%0AAdeu+Rinpoche+also+took+responsibility+for+restoring+Tsechu+Gompa%2C+and+at+the+same+time+collecting%2C+correcting+and+editing+all+the+Drukpa+teachings%2C+tantras+and+practices.%0A%0AAdeu+Rinpoche+passed+away+in+July+2007%2C+in+Nangchen%2C+Tibet.%0A%0AHis+reincarnation+has+recently+been+identified%2C+in+Tibet%2C+by+Choegon+Rinpoche+Ch%C3%B6kyi+Senge.+%28Source%3A%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.rigpawiki.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAdeu_Rinpoche%5D%29
Marc+Agate+holds+a+Master%E2%80%99s+degree+in+Electrical+Engineering+from+Georgia+Tech%2C+Atlanta+%28GA%29+and+graduated+from+the+%C3%89cole+des+Mines+de+Nantes+in+Computer+Sciences.+After+working+for+a+web+services+company+for+five+years+in+Atlanta%2C+he+returned+to+France+and+joined+the+Dashang+Rimay+Community+where+he+learned+Tibetan+and+started+to+develop+several+multilingual+lexicographic+projects.%0A%0AWith+his+wife%2C+he+published+a+practical+guide+on+Tibetan+Kunye+Massage.+He+also+translated+several+sutras+from+Tibetan+to+French%2C+as+well+as+the+%27%27Uttaratantra%27%27+and+its+commentary+by+Asanga%2C+and+books+2%2C+3+and+4+of+the+%27%27Treasury+of+Knowledge%27%27+by+Jamg%C3%B6n+Kongtrul+Lodr%C3%B6+Thaye.+Marc+has+joined+BDRC+to+offer+his+expertise%2C+and+help+preserve+and+spread+Buddhist+teachings+around+the+world.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.tbrc.org%2F%23%21footer%2Fcommunity%2Fpeople+Source+Accessed+Oct+4%2C+2019%5D%29 +
Born+in+Barcelona+in+1965%2C+Oriol+Aguilar+received+his+Ph.D+in+cultural+anthrolopogy+from+the+Universitat+Aut%C3%B2noma+de+Barcelona+in+2005.+Focusing+on+religious+studies%2C+particularly+the+Buddhism+of+Tibet%2C+he+studied+Tibetan+language+in+Barcelona+and+Paris+%28%C3%89cole+Pratique+des+Hautes+%C3%89tudes%29+and+trained+in+translation+with+the+Shang+Shung+Institute.+He+met+Ch%C3%B6gyal+Namkhai+Norbu+in+1987%2C+and+since+1998+has+collaborated+with+Shang+Shung+Publications+as+a+member+of+the+International+Publications+Committee+%28IPC%29+of+the+Dzogchen+Community+on+the+publication%2C+particularly+in+the+Spanish+editions%2C+of+the+teachings+of+Ch%C3%B6gyal+Namkhai+Norbu%2C+including+translations+from+Tibetan.%0A%0A%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.shangshungpublications.org%2Foriol-aguilar%2F%5D +
Vice+Rector+%26+Director+of+Research+Institute+of+East+and+West%2C+Dharma+Gate+Budapest+Buddhist+University%2C+Hungary.+%28%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.undv.org%2Fvesak2013%2Fen%2Fiabu_exco.php+Source+Accessed+Jan+19%2C+2022%5D%29 +
Sara+Ahbel-Rappe+is+Professor+of+Classical+Studies+at+the+University+of+Michigan%2C+Ann+Arbor.+She+is+author+of+several+books+on+Neoplatonism+and+on+the+Socratic+tradition+and+is+the+recipient+of+fellowships+from+the+Mellon+foundation%2C+ACLS%2C+and+Princeton%27s+IAS.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Fbook%2Fedcoll%2F9789004355385%2Ffront-8.xml%3Flanguage%3Den+Source+Accessed+May+25%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Zahiruddln+Ahmad+was+a+Senior+Lecturer+in+the+Department+of+History+at+La+Trobe+University%2C+Bundoora%2C+Australia.+He+is+the+author+of+several+books+on+Tibetan+history%2C+including+%27%27China+and+Tibet%2C+1708-1959%27%27+%28Oxford+University+Press%2C+1960%29%3B+%27%27Tibet+and+Ladakh%3A+A+History%27%27+%28Chatto+%26+Windus%2C+1963%29%3B+%27%27Sino-Tibetan+Relations+in+the+17th+Century%27%27+%28Istituto+Italiano+per+il+Medio+ed+Estremo+Oriente%2C+1970%29%3B+%27%27Life+of+the+Fifth+Dalai+Lama%2C+Vol.+IV%2C+Part+I%27%27+%28International+Academy+of+Indian+Culture+and+Aditya+Prakashan%2C+1999%29%3B+%27%27An+introduction+to+Buddhist+Philosophy+in+India+and+Tibet%27%27+%28International+Academy+of+Indian+Culture+and+Aditya+Prakashan%2C+2007%29%3B+%27%27The+Song+of+the+Queen+of+Spring%27%27+%28International+Academy+of+Indian+Culture+and+Aditya+Prakashan%2C+2008%29%3B+and++%27%27The+Historical+Status+of+China+in+Tibet%27%27+%28Aditya+Prakashan%2C+2012%29.+He+is+also+the+author+of+numerous+articles+on+Tibetan+history+and+related+subjects. +
Pekka+Airaksinen+%2821+August+1945+%E2%80%93+6+May+2019%29+was+a+Finnish+composer+of+electronic+music.%0A%0AAiraksinen+formed+his+first+band%2C+The+Sperm%2C+in+the+1960s.+The+Sperm+mixed+elements+of+avant-garde+music+with+free+jazz+and+psychedelic+pop.+Their+concerts+featured+confrontational+performance+art%2C+which+resulted+in+two+members+being+arrested+for+simulating+sexual+intercourse+and+screening+pornographic+films.%0A%0AFollowing+The+Sperm%27s+breakup+in+the+early+1970s%2C+Airaksinen+turned+to+Buddhism+and+ceased+making+music.+He+started+to+collect+Tibetan+art+and+started+Tibet+Art+Center+in+Loimaa.+He+returned+to+music+in+the+mid+1980s+with+his+album+Buddhas+of+Golden+Light%2C+which+mixed+free+jazz+with+percussion+from+a+Roland+808+drum+machine.%0A%0AIn+the+1990s%2C+Airaksinen+founded+the+Dharmakustannus+label%2C+on+which+he+released+numerous+CDs+and+CD-Rs.+The+music+styles+of+these+releases+varies+considerable%2C+ranging+from+new+age%2C+ambient%2C+house%2C+jazz+and+improvisation.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPekka_Airaksinen+Source+Accessed+Dec+17%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Daniel+is+an+experienced+business+executive+with+over+a+decade+of+insights+gathered+from+corporate+and+consumer+marketing+executive+roles+working+for+multinationals+such+as+Canon%2C+and+large+financial+firms+such+as+Westpac.+While+pursuing+his+marketing+career%2C+Daniel+continued+to+foster+his+life+long+interest+in+Tibetan+Buddhism%2C+the+Tibetan+language%2C+and+its+literature.+This+has+taken+him+across+Australia%2C+America%2C+India%2C+Nepal%2C+and+Tibet+to+pursue+a+deeper+understanding+of+Buddhist+theory+and+practice+with+masters+from+the+living+tradition.+Daniel+also+reads+Sanskrit+and+Tibetan+and+has+a+PhD+in+Buddhist+Philosophy.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwisdomexperience.org%2Fabout%2F+Source+Accessed+Apr+9%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Robert+Baker+Dairyu+Chotan+Aitken+R%C5%8Dshi+%28June+19%2C+1917+%E2%80%93+August+5%2C+2010%29+was+a+Zen+teacher+in+the+Harada-Yasutani+lineage.+He+co-founded+the+Honolulu+Diamond+Sangha+in+1959+together+with+his+wife%2C+Anne+Hopkins+Aitken.+Aitken+received+Dharma+transmission+from+Koun+Yamada+in+1985+but+decided+to+live+as+a+layperson.+He+was+a+socialist+advocating+social+justice+for+homosexuals%2C+women+and+Native+Hawaiians+throughout+his+life%2C+and+was+one+of+the+original+founders+of+the+Buddhist+Peace+Fellowship.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRobert_Baker_Aitken+Source+Accessed+Feb+10%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Phra+Visuddhisamvarathera+AM%2C+known+as+Ajahn+Brahmava%E1%B9%83so%2C+or+simply+Ajahn+Brahm+%28born+Peter+Betts+on+7+August+1951%29%2C+is+a+British-Australian+Theravada+Buddhist+monk.+Currently+Ajahn+Brahm+is+the+Abbot+of+Bodhinyana+Monastery%2C+in+Serpentine%2C+Western+Australia%2C+Spiritual+Adviser+to+the+Buddhist+Society+of+Victoria%2C+Spiritual+Adviser+to+the+Buddhist+Society+of+South+Australia%2C+Spiritual+Patron+of+the+Buddhist+Fellowship+in+Singapore%2C+Patron+of+the+Brahm+Centre+in+Singapore%2C+Spiritual+Adviser+to+the+Anukampa+Bhikkhuni+Project+in+the+UK%2C+and+the+Spiritual+Director+of+the+Buddhist+Society+of+Western+Australia+%28BSWA%29.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAjahn_Brahm+Source+Accessed+Nov+12%2C+2020%5D%29 +
%27%27%27SIT+BIO%3A+Matthew+Akester%2C+Lecturer+and+Faculty+Advisor%27%27%27%3Cbr%3E%0AMatthew+is+a+translator+of+classical+and+modern+literary+Tibetan+with+25+years+of+fieldwork+experience+as+an+independent+researcher+throughout+the+Tibetan+world.+His+discipline+is+history%2C+both+religious+and+political+history%2C+which+corresponds+with+the+program%E2%80%99s+double+specialization.+Matthew%27s+special+interests+include+the+history+of+Lhasa%2C+the+life+and+times+of+Jamyang+Khyentse+Wangpo%2C+historical+geography+of+central+Tibet%2C+and+history+and+memoir+in+occupied+Tibet.+His+published+book-length+translations+include+%5B%5BThe+Life+of+Jamyang+Khyentse+Wangpo%5D%5D+by+Jamgon+Kongtrul+%28%5B%5BShechen+Publications%5D%5D+2012%29%3B+%5B%5BMemories+of+Life+in+Lhasa+Under+Chinese+Rule%5D%5D+by+Tubten+Khetsun+%28%5B%5BColumbia+University+Press%5D%5D+2008%2C+Penguin+India+2009%29%3B+and+%5B%5BThe+Temples+of+Lhasa%5D%5D+%28with+%5B%5BAndre+Alexander%5D%5D%2C+%5B%5BSerindia+Publications%5D%5D+2005%29.+In+addition%2C+he+has+worked+as+active+consultant+and+contributor+for+the+Tibet+Information+Network%2C+Human+Rights+Watch%2C+Tibet+Heritage+Fund%2C+and+%5B%5BTibetan+Buddhist+Resource+Center%5D%5D%3B+as+translator%2C+editor%2C+and+advisor+for+countless+publications+on+Tibet+in+English%2C+French%2C+and+Tibetan%3B+and+as+lecturer+on+contemporary+Tibet+for+student+programs+including+SIT+in+Nepal+and+India.+%28%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.sit.edu%2Fstudyabroad%2Ffaculty_npt.cfm+SOURCE%5D%29 +
Dr+Miri+Albahari+is+a+Philosophy+Lecturer+at+the+University+of+Western+Australia+and+is+the+author+of+%27%27Analytical+Buddhism%3A+The+Two-Tiered+Illusion+of+Self%27%27.+The+book+was+converted+from+a+Ph.D+thesis+that+was+supervised+by+John+A.+Baker+at+the+University+of+Calgary.+Miri+teaches+comparative+philosophy+and+is+building+a+novel+consciousness-based+metaphysical+system+for+what+Aldous+Huxley+referred+to+as+%E2%80%98the+Perennial+Philosophy%E2%80%99.+Albahari%E2%80%99s+ideas+on+this+theme+have+been+published+in+journals+such+as+%27%27Philosophers%E2%80%99+Imprint%27%27+and+%27%27Journal+of+Consciousness+Studies%27%27+and+in+%27%27The+Routledge+Handbook+of+Panpsychism%27%27.+She+is+married+to+David+Godman%2C+a+leading+author+on+the+renowned+South+Indian+sage+Ramana+Maharshi+whose+teachings+exemplify+the+Perennial+Philosophy.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.scrippscollege.edu%2Fhi%2F2021-spring%2Ffeaturing-miri-albahari+Source+Accessed+Feb+10%2C+2023%5D%29 +
The+Alexander+Csoma+de+K%C5%91r%C3%B6s+Translation+Group+consists+of+Karma+Dorje+%28Rabjampa%29%2C+Zsuzsa+Majer%2C+Krisztina+Teleki%2C+William+Dewey%2C+and+Be%C3%A1ta+Kakas.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2F84000.co%2Fgrants+Source+Accessed+Sep+30%2C+2022%5D%29 +
LESLIE+D.+ALLDRITT+is+an+Associate+Professor+of+Religion+and+Philosophy+at+Northland+College+in+Ashland%2C+Wisconsin.+He+earned+his+Ph.D.+in+Religious+Studies+from+Temple+University+in+1991+and+was+privileged+to+study+with+Dr.+Richard+DeMartino+at+Temple+University.+His+current+research+interest+is+Japanese+Buddhism+and+its+relationship+to+the+%27%27burakumin%27%27%2C+a+discriminated+group+in+Japan.+Born+in+Kansas%2C+he+currently+resides+in+northern+Wisconsin+with+his+wife%2C+Vicki%2C+and+son%2C+Owen.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fia802900.us.archive.org%2F7%2Fitems%2Freligionsoftheworldbuddhismlesliealldrittd._239_D%2FReligions%2520of%2520the%2520World%2520%2520Buddhism%2520Leslie%2520Alldritt%2520D..pdf+Source+Accessed+Feb+13%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Lama+Tsultrim+Allione+is+founder+and+resident+lama+of+Tara+Mandala.++She+is+author+of+%27%27Women+of+Wisdom%27%27%2C+%27%27Feeding+Your+Demons%27%27%2C+and+%27%27Wisdom+Rising%3A+Journey+into+the+Mandala+of+the+Empowered+Feminine%27%27.+Born+in+New+England+to+an+academic%2Fpublishing+family%2C+she+traveled+to+India+in+her+late+teens+and+was+ordained+as+a+Buddhist+nun+at+the+age+of+22+by+H.H.+the+16th+Karmapa.+She+was+the+first+American+to+be+ordained+as+a+Tibetan+Buddhist+nun+in+the+Karma+Kagyu+lineage.+After+living+in+the+Himalayan+region+for+several+years+she+returned+her+vows+and+became+the+mother+of+three%2C+while+continuing+to+study+and+practice+Buddhism%2C+particularly+focusing+on+the+lineage+of+Machig+Labdron+and+Dzogchen+teachings.+In+1993%2C+Lama+Tsultrim+founded+Tara+Mandala%2C+a+700-acre+center+in+southwest+Colorado+where+an+extraordinary+three-story+temple+in+the+form+of+a+mandala%2C+dedicated+to+the+sacred+feminine+in+Buddhism+has+been+constructed+and+consecrated.+In+2007+while+traveling+in+Tibet+she+was+recognized+as+an+emanation+of+Machig+Labdron+at+the+historic+seat+of+Machig+Zangri+Khangmar+by+the+resident+lama.+This+recognition+was+confirmed+by+several+other+lamas%2C+and+in+2012+she+was+given+the+Machig+Labdron+empowerment+by+HH+the+17th+Karmapa.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Ftaramandala.secure.retreat.guru%2Fteacher%2Ftsultrim-allione%2F+Source+Accessed+July+15%2C+2020%5D%29 +
Orna+Almogi+studied+Tibetology+%28major%29+and+Religious+Studies+and+Psychology+%28minors%29+at+the+University+of+Hamburg+%28MA+1998%29.+She+received+her+PhD+in+Tibetology+from+the+same+University+in+2006+%28doctoral+thesis%3A+%E2%80%9CRong-zom-pa%E2%80%99s+Discourses+on+Traditional+Buddhology%3A+A+Study+on+the+Development+of+the+Concept+of+Buddhahood+with+Special+Reference+to+the+Controversy+Surrounding+the+Existence+of+Gnosis+%28ye+shes%3A+j%C3%B1%C4%81na%29+at+the+Stage+of+a+Buddha%E2%80%9D%29.+From+1999+until+2004+she+had+been+working+for+the+Nepal-German+Manuscript+Preservation+Project+%28NGMPP%29+and+the+Nepalese-German+Manuscript+Cataloguing+Project+%28NGMCP%29%2C+where+she+had+been+responsible+for+the+Tibetan+materials.+From+2008+to+2011+she+has+been+a+member+of+the+Researcher+Group+%E2%80%9CManuscript+Cultures+in+Asia+and+Africa%E2%80%9D+with+the+subproject+%E2%80%9CThe+Manuscript+Collections+of+the+Ancient+Tantras+%28rNying+ma+rgyud+%E2%80%99bum%29%3A+An+Examination+of+Variance.%E2%80%9D+From+2011+to+2015+she+has+been+working+at+the+%E2%80%9CCentre+for+the+Study+of+Manuscript+Cultures%E2%80%9D+as+the+leader+of+the+subproject+%E2%80%9CDoxographical+Organisational+Schemes+in+Manuscripts+and+Xylographs+of+the+Collection+of+the+Ancient+Tantras.%E2%80%9D%3Cbr%3E%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3BSince+2015+she+has+been+involved+in+the+%E2%80%9CAcademic+Research+Program+Initiative%E2%80%9D+%28ARPI%29.+Since+2016+she+is+leading+the+project+%E2%80%9CA+Canon+in+the+Making%3A+The+History+of+the+Formation%2C+Production%2C+and+Transmission+of+the+%27%27bsTan+%27gyur%27%27%2C+the+Corpus+of+Treatises+in+Tibetan+Translation.%E2%80%9D+Her+research+interests+extend+to+a+number+of+areas+connected+with+the+Tibetan+religio-philosophical+traditions+and+Tibetan+Buddhist+literature%2C+particularly+that+of+the+rNying-ma+school.+The+primary+focus+of+her+research+the+past+years+has+been+the+concept+of+Buddhahood+in+traditional+Buddhist+sources%2C+early+subclassifications+of+Madhyamaka%2C+the+%27%27rNying+ma+rgyud+%E2%80%99bum%27%27%2C+and+the+%27%27bsTan+%CA%BCgyur%27%27.+Another+interest+of+her+is+the+culture+of+the+book+in+Tibet+in+all+its+variety%2C+specifically+in+connection+with+the+compilation+and+transmission+of+Buddhist+literary+collections%2C+both+in+manuscripts+and+xylographs+forms.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.kc-tbts.uni-hamburg.de%2Fen%2Fpeople%2Falmogi.html+Source+Accessed+Jul+14%2C+2020%5D%29
DIANA+ALTNER+is+a+postdoctoral+student+at+the+Institute+of+Asian+and+African%0AStudies%2C+Humboldt+University+in+Berlin.+Her+research+focuses+on+infrastructure%0Adevelopment+and+the+transformation+of+everyday+life+in+central+Tibet. +
Vicky+Alvarez+Bromley+is+an+artist+and+illustrator+based+in+the+UK+and+Spain.+She+is+inspired+by+her+own+inner+world%2C+connection+with+nature%2C+glimpses+of+innocence+and+simplicity%2C+human+vulnerability+and+the+mystical.%0A%0AShe+loves+to+paint+and+draw+expressive+characters+that+reflect+our+feelings+and+emotions+and+also+likes+to+add+a+touch+of+humour+to+her+artwork%21+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fvickyalvarez.com%2Fabout-1+Adapted+from+Source+Jan+19%2C+2022%5D%29 +
Buddhist+%C3%A9migr%C3%A9+%C4%81carya+who+played+a+major+role+in+the+introduction+and+translation+of+seminal+Buddhist+texts+belonging+to+the+esoteric+tradition+or+mijiao.+His+birthplace+is+uncertain%2C+but+many+sources+allude+to+his+ties+to+Central+Asia.+Accompanying+his+teacher+Vajrabodhi%2C+Amoghavajra+arrived+in+the+Chinese+capital+of+Chang%27an+in+720%E2%80%931+and+spent+most+of+his+career+in+that+cosmopolitan+city.+In+741%2C+following+the+death+of+his+mentor%2C+Amoghavajra+made+an+excursion+to+India+and+Sri+Lanka+with+the+permission+of+the+Tang-dynasty+emperor+and+returned+in+746+with+new+Buddhist+texts%2C+many+of+them+esoteric+scriptures.+Amoghavajra%27s+influence+on+the+Tang+court+reached+its+peak+when+he+was+summoned+by+the+emperor+to+construct+an+abhi%E1%B9%A3eka%2C+or+consecration%2C+altar+on+his+behalf.+Amoghavajra%27s+activities+in+Chang%27an+were+interrupted+by+the+An+Lushan+rebellion+%28655%E2%80%93763%29%2C+but+after+the+rebellion+was+quelled%2C+he+returned+to+his+work+at+the+capital+and+established+an+inner+chapel+for+homa+rituals+and+abhi%E1%B9%A3eka+in+the+imperial+palace.+He+was+later+honored+by+the+emperor+with+the+purple+robe%2C+the+highest+honor+for+a+Buddhist+monk+and+the+rank+of+third+degree.+Along+with+Xuanzang%2C+Amoghavajra+was+one+of+the+most+prolific+translators+and+writers+in+the+history+of+Chinese+Buddhism.+Among+the+many+texts+he+translated+into+Chinese%2C+especially+important+are+the+%27%27Sarvatath%C4%81gatasa%E1%B9%83graha%27%27+and+the+%27%27Bhadracar%C4%ABpra%E1%B9%87idh%C4%81na%27%27.+%28Source%3A+%22Amoghavajra.%22+In+%27%27The+Princeton+Dictionary+of+Buddhism%27%27%2C+36.+Princeton+University+Press%2C+2014.+http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt46n41q.27.%29 +
Born+in+California%2C+%5BGalen+Amstutz%5D+studied+foreign+languages+at+UC+Davis%2C+and+subsequently%2C+living+in+a+variety+of+places%2C+served+in+a+variety+of+roles+including+librarian%2C+ESL+teacher%2C+BCA+minister%2C+college+professor+in+the+US%2C+Germany+and+Japan%2C+translator%2C+journal+editor%2C+and+administrator+at+Harvard+University%E2%80%99s+Reischauer+Institute+of+Japanese+Studies%2C+before+coming+to+rest+currently+as+an+independent+scholar+in+Massachusetts.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.shin-ibs.edu%2Facademics%2Ffaculty%2Fgalen-amstutz%2F+Source+Accessed+Aug+8%2C+2023%5D%29 +
A+long+term+student+of+the+Dharma%2C+Judith+met+both+Holiness+Pema+Norbu+Rinpoche+and+Tulku+Urgyen+Rinpoche+in+1976%2C+and+has+lived+in+Asia+since+then%2C+primarily+in+Kathmandu%2C+Nepal.+On+the+request+of+Holiness+Penor+Rinpoche%2C+she+collaborated+with+Khenpo+Sonam+Tsewang+of+Namdroling+Monastery+in+Mysore+to+translate+the+Liberation+Story+of+Namcho+Migyur+Dorje%2C+the+terton+who+discovered+the+treasures+that+make+up+the+core+of+the+Palyul+tradition.+This+biography+is+entitled+%27%27The+All-Pervading+Melodious+Sound+of+Thunder%27%27%2C+and+was+written+by+the+first+Karma+Chagme+Rinpoche.+%28%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Flevekunst.com%2Fteam_member%2Fjudith-amtzis%2F+Adapted+from+Source+July+20%2C+2022%5D%29 +
Said+to+be+a+teacher+from+Kashmir%2C+Am%E1%B9%9Bt%C4%81kara+wrote+the+%27%27Catu%E1%B8%A5stavasam%C4%81s%C4%81rtha%27%27%2C+a+commentary+on+the+%27%27Catu%E1%B8%A5stava%27%27+%28Four+Hymns%29+of+N%C4%81g%C4%81rjuna. +
An+Xuan+%28Chinese%3A+%E5%AE%89%E7%8E%84%3B+pinyin%3A+%C4%80nxu%C3%A1n%29+was+a+Parthian+layman+credited+with+working+alongside+An+Shigao+%28Chinese%3A+%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%96%E9%AB%98%3B+pinyin%3A+%C4%80nsh%C3%ACg%C4%81o%29+and+Yan+Fotiao+%28Chinese%3A+%E5%9A%B4%E4%BD%9B%E8%AA%BF%3B+pinyin%3A+Y%C3%A1n+F%C3%BAdi%C3%A0o%29+in+the+translation+of+early+Buddhist+texts+in+Luoyang+in+Later+Han+China.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAn_Xuan+Source+Accessed+Aug+30%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Stefan+Anacker+born+in+the+USA+of+Swiss+parents+received+his+doctorate+at+the+University+of+Wisconsin+in+Buddhist+studies.+He+has+also+studied+Sankrit+and+Old+Kannada+at+the+University+of+Mysore.+At+present+he+is+a+research+scholar+living+in+Lausanne+Switzerland.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.namsebangdzo.com%2FSeven-Works-of-Vasubandhu-Anacker-p%2F11903.htm+Source+Accessed+Feb+13%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Tenshin+Reb+Anderson+was+born+in+Mississippi%2C+grew+up+in+Minnesota%2C+and+left+advanced+study+in+mathematics+and+Western+psychology+to+come+to+Zen+Center+in+1967.+He+practiced+with+Suzuki+Roshi%2C+who+ordained+him+as+a+priest+in+1970+and+gave+him+the+name+Tenshin+Zenki+%28%22Naturally+Real%2C+The+Whole+Works%22%29.+He+received+dharma+transmission+in+1983+and+served+as+abbot+of+San+Francisco+Zen+Center%27s+three+training+centers+%28City+Center%2C+Green+Gulch+Farm%2C+and+Tassajara+Zen+Mountain+Center%29+from+1986+to+1995.+Tenshin+Reb+Anderson+continues+to+teach+at+Zen+Center%2C+living+with+his+family+at+Green+Gulch+Farm.+He+is+author+of+%27%27Warm+Smiles+from+Cold+Mountains%3A+Dharma+Talks+on+Zen+Meditation%27%27+and+%27%27Being+Upright%3A+Zen+Meditation+and+the+Bodhisattva+Precepts%27%27.+Published+in+2012%3A+%27%27The+Third+Turning+of+the+Wheel%3A+Wisdom+of+the+Samdhinirmocana+Sutra%27%27%2C+a+guidebook+to+the+workings+of+consciousness+and+compassionate+awakening.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfzc.org%2Fteachers%2Ftenshin-reb-anderson+Source+Accessed+August+13%2C+2020%5D%29 +
Jensine+Andresen+%28Ph.D.%2C+%5B%5BHarvard+University%5D%5D%2C+1997%29+is+a+Visiting+Scholar+in+the+Department+of+Religion+at+%5B%5BColumbia+University%5D%5D+in+NYC.+She+previously+taught+at+comparative+world+religions+and+religion+and+science+at+both+%5B%5BBoston+University%5D%5D+and+the+%5B%5BUniversity+of+Vermont%5D%5D.+Dr.+Andresen+holds+a+B.S.E.+in+Civil+Engineering+from+Princeton+University%3B+a+Certificate+from+the+Woodrow+Wilson+School+of+Public+and+International+Affairs+at+%5B%5BPrinceton+University%5D%5D%3B+an+M.A.+in+Cultural+Anthropology+focusing+on+China+from+Columbia+University%3B+and+an+A.M.+and+Ph.D.+from+the+Committee+on+the+Study+of+Religion+at+Harvard+University%2C+where+she+focused+on+medieval+Buddhist+philosophy+and+practice+in+India+and+Tibet.%0A%0AAt+Boston+University%2C+where+the+%E2%80%98Issues+for+the+Millennium%E2%80%99+conference+took+place%2C+Dr.+Andresen+taught+in+the+interdisciplinary+Ph.D.+program+in+Science%2C+Philosophy%2C+and+Religion.+Her+research+there+focused+on+bioethics+as+it+relates+to+social+justice+and+humanitarian+concerns%2C+such+as+those+that+surround+the+AIDS+crisis+in+Africa+and+the+world.+Her+work+at+BU+addressed+the+interface+of+theology+and+public+policy+as+it+relates+to+xenotransplantation%2C+gene+therapy%2C+human+cloning%2C+stem+cell+research%2C+and+intellectual+property+rights.+Also+while+at+BU%2C+she+conducted+research+on+the+role+of+the+frontal+lobes+in+mediating+the+relationship+between+spirituality+and+health.+While+at+BU%2C+Dr.+Andresen+also+edited+two+volumes+on+the+interface+of+cognitive+science+and+religious+experience%2C+Religion+in+Mind%3A+Cognitive+Perspectives+on+Religious+Belief%2C+Ritual%2C+and+Experience+%28Cambridge%2C+U.K.%3A+Cambridge+University+Press%2C+2001%29%3B+and+Spiritual+Models+and+Cognitive+Maps%3A+Interdisciplinary+Explorations+of+Religious+Experience+%28London%3A+Imprint+Academic%2C+2000%29.+She+also+served+as+Director+of+InterFASE+%28International+Faith+%26+Science+Exchange%29+%2C+an+organization+committed+to+furthering+dialogue+between+science+and+religion+in+the+Boston+area+and+elsewhere+throughout+the+world.%0A%0AAt+Columbia+University%2C+Dr.+Andresen+has+been+focusing+on+developing+a+psychoanalytic+interpretation+of+Tibetan+Buddhist+Vajrayana+doctrine+and+practice+as+she+has+worked+on+translating+the+Sanskrit+commentary+on+a+medieval+Indian+Buddhist+Vajrayana+text+called+the+Srilaghu+Kalacakratantra.+She+has+also+worked+extensively+on+the+relationship+between+the+phenomenology+of+contemplation+in+the+Tibetan+%E2%80%98Rdzgoschen%E2%80%99+%28Great+Perfection%29+system+as+it+relates+to+contemporary+findings+in+physics.+Combining+psychoanalytic%2C+postmodern%2C+and+phenomenological+approaches+to+the+encounter+of+so-called+self+and+other%2C+she+works+to+understand+the+interpenetrative+arising+of+cosmology%2C+biology%2C+and+awareness.+%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.counterbalance.net%2Fbio%2Fandres-body.html+Source%5D%0A%0A%27%27%27Works+by+Jensine+Andresen%27%27%27%3Cbr%3E%0AReligion+in+Mind%3A+Cognitive+Perspectives+on+Religious+Belief%2C+Ritual%2C+and+Experience%3Cbr%3E%0ACambridge%2C+UK+%3B+New+York%2C+NY+%3A+Cambridge+University+Press%2C+2001.%3Cbr%3E%0AISBN-10%3A+0521801524%3Cbr%3E%0AISBN-13%3A+978-0521801522%3Cbr%3E
Alexandre+I.+Andreyev%2C+Ph.D.+%281998%29+in+History%2C+St+Petersburg+University%2C+is+Senior+Research+Associate+at+the+Institute+for+the+History+of+Science+%26+Technology%2C+Russian+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+St+Petersburg.+He+has+published+extensively+on+Buddhism+in+Russia+and+Russian+exploration+in+Central+Asia+including+%27%27The+Buddhist+Shrine+of+Petrograd%27%27+%281992%29+and+%27%27From+Lake+Baikal+to+Sacred+Lhasa%27%27+%281997%29.%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fdisplay%2Ftitle%2F8202%3Fcontents%3Deditorial-content+Source+Accessed+Feb+13%2C+2023%5D%29 +
%5BAnne+Ansermet%5D+grew+up+in+Geneva%2C+alongside+a+father+%5BErnest+Ansermet%5D+totally+absorbed+by+music%2C+where+she+met+Ravel%2C+de+Falla%2C+Stravinsky%2C+%5Band%5D+Ramuz.+Having+become+a+nurse%2C+she+converted+to+Catholicism%2C+then+married+and+lived+in+Paris%2C+where+she+discovered+the+misery+of+the+suburbs.+After+a+divorce+and+two+remarriages%2C+she+lived+in+Zurich+and+in+the+South+of+France.+A+few+years+later%2C+she+returned+to+Rolle+with+her+son+and+established+very+close+relationships+with+her+father%2C+accompanying+him+on+his+concert+tours%2C+developing+a+very+rich+intellectual+exchange+with+him.+Then+she+left+for+India%2C+became+a+Buddhist%2C+and+returned+to+Switzerland+to+settle+at+the+Buddhist+Center+of+Mont-P%C3%A8lerin%2C+before+settling+in+Rolle.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.plansfixes.ch%2Ffilms%2Fanne-ansermet%2F+Adapted+from+Source+Feb+16%2C+2021%5D%29%0A%0AAnne+was+instrumental+in+helping+to+establish+Rabten+Choeling+%28formerly+Tharpa+Choeling%29+%2C+one+of+the+first+Tibetan+Buddhist+monasteries+to+be+established+in+the+West+after+the+exodus+of+Tibetans+into+India.+At+the+age+of+70%2C+Anne+was+drawn+to+Buddhism+and+even+traveled+to+India+to+be+ordained+by+His+Holiness+the+Dalai+Lama.+It+was+the+hard+work+of+Anne+and+her+group+that+allowed+the+ordained+and+lay+people+in+Tharpa+Choeling+to+live+a+life+of+study+and+contemplation+without+having+to+worry+about+their+material+needs.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.dorjeshugden.com%2Fplaces%2Frabten-choeling-switzerland%2F+Adapted+from+Source+Feb+16%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Fr.+Da+Silva+was+born+on+December+5%2C+1957%2C+at+Maxial+da+Campo%2C+Sarzedas+in+Portugal.+%0A%0AAfter+his+primary+and+secondary+schooling+at+Maxial+da+Campo+and+Tortosendo%2C+he+joined+the+SVD+%28The+Society+of+the+Divine+Word%29+novitiate+at+F%C3%A1tima+in+1975+and+made+his+first+vows+on+September+26%2C+1976.+He+studied+philosophy+and+theology+at+the+Catholic+University%2C+Lisbon.+He+was+ordained+priest+at+F%C3%A1tima+on+May+6%2C+1984.%0A%0AFr.+Da+Silva+was+a+missionary+in+Ghana+%28Kintampo%29+from+1986-1989.+He+then+did+his+master+in+%E2%80%98Religion+and+Culture%E2%80%99+in+Washington+D.C.+from+1990-1992.+For+the+next+eleven+years%2C+he+was+involved+in+Campus+Ministry+at+Guimar%C3%A3es%2C+Portugal.+During+this+time+he+was+also+teacher+at+the+philosophy+faculty+at+Braga.+Fr.+Da+Silva+was+the+Vice+provincial+%28POR%29+from+1998-2001.+Before+he+was+elected+as+the+provincial+superior+in+2007%2C+he+was+spiritual+director+of+diocesan+seminarians+at+Braga%2C+Director+of+%E2%80%9CContacto+SVD%E2%80%9D+and+provincial+assistant+of+SVD+Lay+Missionaries.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Ffielsvd.wordpress.com%2F2012%2F07%2F11%2Ffr-jose-antunes-da-silva-elected-as-general-council-member%2F+Source+Accessed+April+4%2C+2024%5D%29 +
See+biography+at+Orgyen+Khamdroling%27s+website+%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.orgyenkhamdroling.org%2Fbiography%5D +
Bhikkhu+An%C4%81layo+was+born+in+Germany+in+1962+and+ordained+in+Sri+Lanka+in+1995.+In+the+year+2000+he+completed+a+Ph.D.+thesis+on+the+%27%27Satipatthana-sutta%27%27+at+the+University+of+Peradeniya+%28published+by+Windhorse+in+the+UK%29.+In+the+year+2007+he+completed+a+habilitation+research+at+the+University+of+Marburg%2C+in+which+he+compared+the+%27%27Majjhima-nikaya%27%27+discourses+with+their+Chinese%2C+Sanskrit%2C+and+Tibetan+counterparts.+At+present%2C+he+is+a+member+of+the+Numata+Center+for+Buddhist+Studies%2C+University+of+Hamburg%2C+as+a+professor%2C+and+works+as+a+researcher+at+Dharma+Drum+Institue+of+Liberal+Arts%2C+Taiwan.+Besides+his+academic+activities%2C+he+regularly+teaches+meditation.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.buddhismuskunde.uni-hamburg.de%2Fen%2Fpersonen%2Fanalayo.html+Source+Accessed+Nov+22%2C+2019%5D%29%0A%0A%2A+For+a+substantial+list+of+Bhikkhu+An%C4%81layo%27s+publications%2C+visit+his+faculty+page+at+the+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.buddhismuskunde.uni-hamburg.de%2Fen%2Fpersonen%2Fanalayo.html+University+of+Hamburg%5D +
A+more+detailed+biography+is+available+here%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khenpoappey.org%2Fen%2Fkhenpo-appey-rinpoche%0A%0Aand+here%3A+http%3A%2F%2Finternationalbuddhistacademy.org%2Fbiography-of-our-founder-khenchen-appey-rinpoche%2F%0A%0A%3Cbig%3E%27%27%27An+Introduction+to+Khenpo+Appey+Foundation%27%27%27%3C%2Fbig%3E%3Cbr%3E%0AKhenpo+Appey+Foundation+%28KAF%29+was+established+in+2010+to+honor+the+most+Venerable+Khenchen+Appey+Rinpoche+%281927-2010%29%2C+an+eminent%2C+recognized%2C+and+humble+Tibetan+Buddhist+scholar+and+practitioner+who+dedicated+his+life+exclusively+to+the+propagation+of+the+Buddhadharma.+The+foundation+was+established+by+Mdm+Doreen+Goh%2C+a+devoted+follower+and+sponsor+of+Khenchen+Appey+Rinpoche.+Inspired+by+Khenchen+Appey+Rinpoche%E2%80%99s+vision%2C+KAF+is+a+non-profit+organization+dedicated+to+the+support+and+enhancement+of+Buddhist+study+and+practice.+KAF%E2%80%99s+primary+aim+is+to+extend+the+Buddha%E2%80%99s+wisdom+and+compassion+as+widely+as+possible%2C+in+order+to+benefit+all+beings.%0A%0A%3Cbig%3E%27%27%27Short+Biography%27%27%27%3C%2Fbig%3E%3Cbr%3E%0AKhenpo+Appey+was+born+in+Kus%C3%A9+in+the+kingdom+of+Derg%C3%A9+in+1927.+He+studied+at+Serjong+Monastery+and+later+at+the+Kham-j%C3%A9+shedra+at+Dzongsar+Monastery.%0A%0AAt+the+age+of+nine+he+became+a+monk+at+Serjong+Monastery%2C+where+a+year+later+he+received+his+first+teachings+from+Gapa+Khenpo+Jamgyal%2C+also+known+as+Khenpo+Jamyang+Gyaltsen.%0A%0AFor+nine+years%2C+from+the+age+of+14+to+23%2C+at+Serjong+Shedra%2C+Khenpo+Appey+studied+%E2%80%98the+thirteen+classical+texts%E2%80%99+based+on+Khenpo+Shenga%E2%80%99s+famous+annotation+commentaries.+During+his+last+two+years+at+the+shedra+he+studied+with+Khenpo+Dragyab+Lodr%C3%B6+who+later+became+the+fifth+khenpo+at+Dzongsar+Shedra+and+wrote+a+commentary+on+the+ninth+chapter+of+the+Bodhicharyavatara.+After+his+nine+years+of+intensive+study+at+Serjong+Shedra%2C+Khenpo+Appey+went+to+the+shedra+at+Dzongsar+Monastery%2C+where+he+was+able+to+continue+his+studies+under+Khenpo+Dragyab+Lodr%C3%B6+for+another+year.+He+also+studied+with+Dezhung+Ajam+Rinpoche.%0A%0AHe+went+to+see+Jamyang+Khyentse+Ch%C3%B6kyi+Lodr%C3%B6+in+Sikkim+in+1957.+He+then+returned+to+Tibet+and+spent+time+at+Ngor+Monastery%2C+but+left+in+1959+when+Tibet+was+lost.+He+went+to+see+Jamyang+Khyentse+who+was+ill+in+Sikkim.+After+Jamyang+Khyentse+passed+away%2C+in+accordance+with+his+final+wishes%2C+he+began+to+teach+Sogyal+Rinpoche%2C+giving+him+instruction+on+the+Bodhicharyavatara+in+the+Palace+Monastery+in+the+presence+of+Jamyang+Khyentse%27s+kudung.%0A%0ALater%2C+while+Sogyal+Rinpoche+was+attending+school+in+Kalimpong%2C+Khenpo+Appey+spent+one+or+two+years+in+retreat+in+a+small+village+in+Sikkim.+He+was+later+requested+to+tutor+Dzongsar+Khyentse+Rinpoche.+For+this+purpose%2C+he+founded+the+Sakya+College+in+Barlow+Ganj%2C+Mussoorie%2C+on+19th+December+1972%2C+the+anniversary+of+Sakya+Pandita.+In+the+first+year%2C+there+were+only+seven+students.+Dzongsar+Khyentse+Rinpoche+studied+there+for+five+years.+From+1972+to+1985%2C+Khenpo+Appey+worked+full+time+to+look+after+the+college+and+was+responsible+for+teachings+the+classes%2C+supervising+the+administration+and+raising+funds.%0A%0AIn+2001+he+established+the+International+Buddhist+Academy+in+Boudhanath%2C+Nepal.+He+passed+away+in+Nepal+on+Tuesday+28th+December%2C+2010.%0A%0ASource%3A+%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.rigpawiki.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DKhenpo_Appey+Rigpawiki%5D
Vaman+Shivram+Apte+was+an+Indian+lexicographer+and+a+professor+of+Sanskrit+at+Pune%27s+Fergusson+College.%0A%0AHe+is+best+known+for+his+compilation+of+a+dictionary%2C+The+Student%27s+English-Sanskrit+Dictionary.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVaman_Shivram_Apte+Wikipedia%5D%29 +
Swami+Hariharananda+Aranya+%281869%E2%80%931947%29+was+a+yogi%2C+author%2C+and+founder+of+Kapil+Math+in+Madhupur%2C+India%2C+which+is+the+only+monastery+in+the+world+that+actively+teaches+and+practices+Samkhya+philosophy.+His+book%2C+%27%27Yoga+Philosophy+of+Patanjali+with+Bhasvati%27%27%2C+is+considered+to+be+one+of+the+most+authentic+and+authoritative+classical+Sanskrit+commentaries+on+the+Yoga+Sutras.+Hariharananda+is+also+considered+by+some+as+one+of+the+most+important+thinkers+of+early+twentieth-century+Bengal.%0A%0AHariharananda+came+from+a+wealthy+Bengali+family+and+after+his+scholastic+education+renounced+wealth%2C+position%2C+and+comfort+in+search+of+truth+in+his+early+life.+The+first+part+of+his+monastic+life+was+spent+in+the+Barabar+Caves+in+Bihar%2C+hollowed+out+of+single+granite+boulders+bearing+the+inscriptions+of+Emperor+Ashoka+and+very+far+removed+from+human+habitation.+He+then+spent+some+years+at+Tribeni%2C+in+Bengal%2C+at+a+small+hermitage+on+the+bank+of+the+Ganges+and+several+years+at+Haridwar%2C+Rishikesh%2C+and+Kurseong.%0A%0AHis+last+years+were+spent+at+Madhupur+in+Bihar%2C+where+according+to+tradition%2C+Hariharananda+entered+an+artificial+cave+at+Kapil+Math+on+14+May+1926+and+remained+there+in+study+and+meditation+for+last+twenty-one+years+of+his+life.+The+only+means+of+contact+between+him+and+his+disciples+was+through+a+window+opening.+While+living+as+a+hermit%2C+Hariharananda+wrote+numerous+philosophical+treatises.+Some+of+Hariharananda%27s+interpretations+of+Pata%C3%B1jali%27s+Yoga+system+had+elements+in+common+with+Buddhist+mindfulness+meditation.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSwami_Hariharananda_Aranya+Source+Accessed+May+1%2C+2023%5D%29 +
St%C3%A9phane+Arguill%C3%A8re%2C+born+July+10%2C+1970+in+Harfleur%2C+is+an+associate+professor+of+philosophy+in+the+history+of+religions+and+religious+anthropology%2C+a+specialist+in+Tibetan+Buddhist+philosophy+and%2C+more+particularly%2C+in+philosophy+linked+to+the+Nyingma+school%2C+to+Dzogchen%2C+and+the+thought+of+Gorampa.+He+is+a+lecturer+in+Tibetan+language+and+civilization+at+the+National+Institute+of+Oriental+Languages+%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8Band+Civilizations+%28INALCO%2C+Paris%29.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSt%25C3%25A9phane_Arguill%25C3%25A8re+Adapted+from+Source+Feb+17%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Michael+Vaillancourt+Aris+%2827+March+1946+%E2%80%93+27+March+1999%29+was+a+Cuban-born+English+historian+who+wrote+and+lectured+on+Bhutanese%2C+Tibetan+and+Himalayan+culture+and+history.+He+was+the+husband+of+Aung+San+Suu+Kyi%2C+who+would+later+become+State+Counsellor+of+Myanmar.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMichael_Aris+Source+Accessed+Feb+13%2C+2013%5D%29%0A%0A%0A%3D%3D+Other+Information+%3D%3D%0A%2A%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fobituary-michael-aris-1083767.html+Michael+Aris%27+Obituary+at+Independent.co.uk%5D%0A%2A%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMichael_Aris+Wikipedia+Article+on+Michael+Aris%5D +
Dan+Arnold+is+a+scholar+of+Indian+Buddhist+philosophy%2C+which+he+engages+in+a+constructive+and+comparative+way.+Considering+Indian+Buddhist+philosophy+as+integral+to+the+broader+tradition+of+Indian+philosophy%2C+he+has+particularly+focused+on+topics+at+issue+among+Buddhist+schools+of+thought+%28chiefly%2C+those+centering+on+the+works+of+N%C4%81g%C4%81rjuna+and+of+Dharmak%C4%ABrti%29%2C+often+considering+these+in+conversation+with+critics+from+the+orthodox+Brahmanical+school+of+P%C5%ABrva+M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81.+His+first+book+%E2%80%93+%27%27Buddhists%2C+Brahmins%2C+and+Belief%3A+Epistemology+in+South+Asian+Philosophy+of+Religion%27%27+%28Columbia+University+Press%2C+2005%29+%E2%80%93+won+an+American+Academy+of+Religion+Award+for+Excellence+in+the+Study+of+Religion.+His+second+book+%E2%80%93+%27%27Brains%2C+Buddhas%2C+and+Believing%3A+The+Problem+of+Intentionality+in+Classical+Buddhist+and+Cognitive-Scientific+Philosophy+of+Mind%27%27+%28Columbia+University+Press%2C+2012%29+%E2%80%93+centers+on+the+contemporary+philosophical+category+of+intentionality%2C+taken+as+useful+in+thinking+through+central+issues+in+classical+Buddhist+epistemology+and+philosophy+of+mind.+This+book+received+the+Toshihide+Numata+Book+Prize+in+Buddhism%2C+awarded+by+the+Center+for+Buddhist+Studies+at+the+University+of+California%2C+Berkeley.+He+is+presently+working+on+an+anthology+of+Madhyamaka+texts+in+translation%2C+to+appear+in+the+series+%22Historical+Sourcebooks+in+Classical+Indian+Thought.%22+His+essays+have+appeared+in+such+journals+as+%27%27Philosophy+East+and+West%27%27%2C+the+%27%27Journal+of+Indian+Philosophy%27%27%2C+%27%27Asian+Philosophy%27%27%2C+the+%27%27Journal+of+the+International+Association+of+Buddhist+Studies%27%27%2C+the+%27%27Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy%27%27%2C+and+%27%27Revue+Internationale+de+Philosophie%27%27.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fsalc.uchicago.edu%2Fdaniel-arnold+Source+Accessed+Jul+13%2C+2020%5D%29 +
Edward+A.+Arnold+is+an+independent+scholar+of+Tibetan+Buddhism%2C+living+in+Ithaca%2C+New+York.%0AHe+is+Assistant+Editor+at+the+American+Institute+of+Buddhist+Studies+%28AIBS%29. +
Eve+Arnold+was+born+in+Philadelphia%2C+Pennsylvania+to+Russian+immigrant+parents.+She+began+photographing+in+1946%2C+while+working+at+a+photo-finishing+plant+in+New+York+City%2C+and+then+studied+photography+in+1948+with+Alexei+Brodovitch+at+the+New+School+for+Social+Research+in+New+York.%0A%0AArnold+first+became+associated+with+Magnum+Photos+in+1951+and+became+a+full+member+in+1957.+She+was+based+in+the+US+during+the+1950s+but+went+to+England+in+1962+to+put+her+son+through+school%3B+except+for+a+six-year+interval+when+she+worked+in+the+US+and+China%2C+she+lived+in+the+UK+for+the+rest+of+her+life.%0A%0AHer+time+in+China+led+to+her+first+major+solo+exhibition+at+the+Brooklyn+Museum+in+1980%2C+where+she+showed+the+resulting+images.+In+the+same+year%2C+she+received+the+National+Book+Award+for+In+China+and+the+Lifetime+Achievement+Award+from+the+American+Society+of+Magazine+Photographers.%0A%0AIn+later+years%2C+she+received+many+other+honours+and+awards.+In+1995%2C+she+was+made+fellow+of+the+Royal+Photographic+Society+and+elected+Master+Photographer+%E2%80%93+the+world%E2%80%99s+most+prestigious+photographic+honour+%E2%80%93+by+New+York%E2%80%99s+International+Center+of+Photography.+In+1996%2C+she+received+the+Kraszna-Krausz+Book+Award+for+In+Retrospect.+The+following+year+she+was+granted+honorary+degrees+by+the+University+of+St+Andrews%2C+Staffordshire+University%2C+and+the+American+International+University+in+London%3B+she+was+also+appointed+to+the+advisory+committee+of+the+National+Museum+of+Photography%2C+Film+%26+Television+in+Bradford%2C+UK.+She+has+had+twelve+books+published.%0A%0AEve+passed+away+in+January+of+2012.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.magnumphotos.com%2Fphotographer%2Feve-arnold%2F+Source+Accessed+Feb+14%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Geoffrey+Shugen+Arnold+is+the+abbot+and+resident+teacher+of+Zen+Mountain+Monastery+and+abbot+of+the+Zen+Center+of+New+York+City.+He+received+dharma+transmission+from+John+Daido+Loori+Roshi+in+1997.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.lionsroar.com%2Fmind-is-buddha%2F+Source+Accessed+Nov+18%2C+2019%5D%29 +
Adjunct+Professor+chez+ESSEC+Business+School.+Geshe+Khunawa%2C+recognized+by+the+14th+Dalai+Lama%3B+Discovered+by+Geshe+Pema+Gyaltsen.+%0AElijah+Sacvan+Ary+was+born+in+Vancouver%2C+Canada.+In+1979%2C+at+age+seven%2C+he+was+recognized+as+the+reincarnation%2C+or+tulku%2C+of+a+Tibetan+scholar+and+spent+his+teenage+years+as+a+monk+at+Sera+Monastery+in+South+India.+He+went+on+to+study+at+the+University+of+Quebec+in+Montreal+and+the+National+Institute+for+Eastern+Languages+and+Civilizations+%28Inalco%29+in+Paris%2C+and+he+earned+his+PhD+in+the+Study+of+Religion+from+Harvard+University.+His+writings+have+appeared+in+the+books+Little+Buddhas%3A+Children+and+Childhoods+in+Buddhist+Texts+and+Traditions%2C+Oxford+Bibliographies+Online%3A+Buddhism%2C+Contemporary+Visions+in+Tibetan+Studies%2C+and+Blue+Jean+Buddha%3A+Voices+of+Young+Buddhists.+He+lives+in+Paris+with+his+wife+and+teaches+Buddhism+and+Tibetan+religious+history+at+several+institutions.+%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.wisdompubs.org%2Fauthor%2Felijah-s-ary+Source+Accessed+Jun+12%2C+2015%5D +
Jes+Peter+Asmussen+%282+November+1928+%E2%80%93+5+August+2002%29%2C+was+a+Danish+Iranologist.%0A%0AAsmussen+was+born+and+raised+in+Aabenraa.+He+studied+theology+and+the+Greenlandic+language+at+the+University+of+Copenhagen+and+earned+his+candidatus+theologi%C3%A6+degree+in+1954.+He+then+studied+Iranistics+in+Cambridge%2C+London%2C+Hamburg%2C+and+Tehran%2C+and+earned+his+doctorate+in+1965+at+the+University+of+Copenhagen.+He+was+associated+with+the+university+throughout+his+academic+career%2C+becoming+associate+professor+in+1966+and+full+professor+in+1967%2C+succeeding+professor+Kaj+Barr.+He+retired+in+1998.%0A%0AAsmussen%27s+research+focused+on+the+religions+of+Iran.+He+was+mostly+interested+in+Manicheism%2C+but+also+wrote+about+Zoroastrianism%2C+Islam+and+Christianity+in+ancient+Iran%2C+as+well+as+the+Judeo-Persian+language+and+literature.+He+is+counted+among+the+central+figures+of+the+Danish+Orientalist+scholarship.%0A%0AHe+was+elected+member+of+the+Royal+Danish+Academy+of+Sciences+and+Letters+in+1973+and+corresponding+member+of+Saxon+Academy+of+Sciences+in+1982.+He+was+appointed+a+Knight+of+the+Order+of+the+Dannebrog+in+1976+and+received+an+honorary+doctorate+from+Lund+University+in+1986.%0A%0AAsmussen+died+in+2002+and+is+interred+at+the+Cemetery+of+Holmen+in+Copenhagen.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJes_Peter_Asmussen+Source+Accessed+Sep+14%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Claude+Aveline%2C+pen+name+of+Evgen+Avtsine+%2819+July+1901+%E2%80%93+4+November+1992%29%2C+was+a+writer%2C+publisher%2C+editor%2C+poet+and+member+of+the+French+Resistance.+Aveline%2C+who+was+born+in+Paris%2C+France%2C+has+authored+numerous+books+and+writings+throughout+his+writing+career.+He+was+known+as+a+versatile+author%2C+writing+novels%2C+poems%2C+screenplays%2C+plays%2C+articles%2C+sayings%2C+and+more.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FClaude_Aveline+Source+Accessed+Feb+14%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Gyurme+Avertin+began+his+study+of+the+Tibetan+language+in+1997.+He+spent+two+years+following+the+Tibetan+program+at+Langues%E2%80%99O+University+in+Paris.+He+then+went+to+Nepal+in+1999+to+study+at+the+%5B%5BRangjung+Yeshe+Institute%5D%5D%2C+before+making+his+way+to+Bir+in+northern+India%2C+where+he+studied+at+Dzongsar+Shedra.+He+regularly+interprets+for+teachers+visiting+Rigpa+centres+and+at+the+Rigpa+Shedra+East.+%282014+Translation+%26+Transmission+Conference+Program%29 +
Dr.+Aviv+is+interested+in+Buddhist+philosophy+and+intellectual+history.+He+studies+topics+of+intersections+between+early+Buddhist+Philosophy%2C+especially+of+the+Abhidharma+and+the+Yogacara+traditions%2C+and+contemporary+philosophy.+His+interest+includes+topics+such+as+philosophy+of+mind%2C+cognitive+science%2C+ethics+and+contemplative+practices.+His+intellectual+history+research+focuses+on+religion+in+the+modern+period%2C+especially+the+Buddhist+renaissance+in+modern+China.+In+addition%2C+he+is+also+interested+in+the+way+the+Yogacara+school+was+received+and+developed+in+pre-modern+China.+His+current+book+project+explores+the+role+of+Indian+Buddhist+philosophy+in+the+formation+of+modern+Chinese+Buddhist+thought.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Freligion.columbian.gwu.edu%2Feyal-aviv+Source+Accessed+June+8%2C+2023%5D%29 +
A%C5%9Boka.+%28P.+Asoka%3B+T.+Mya+ngan+med%3B+C.+Ayu+wang%3B+J.+Aiku+%C5%8D%3B+K.+Ayuk+wang+%E9%98%BF%E8%82%B2%E7%8E%8B%29+%28c.+300-232+BCE%3B+r.+c.+268-232+BCE%29.+Indian+Mauryan+emperor+and+celebrated+patron+of+Buddhism%3B+also+known+as+Dharm%C4%81%C5%9Boka.+Son+of+Bindus%C4%81ra+and+grandson+of+Candragupta%2C+A%C5%9Boka+was+the+third+king+of+the+Mauryan+dynasty.+A%C5%9Boka+left+numerous+inscriptions+recording+his+edicts+and+proclamations+to+the+subjects+of+his+realm.+In+these+inscriptions%2C+A%C5%9Boka+is+referred+to+as+Dev%C4%81n%C4%81m+Priya%E1%B8%A5%2C+%22beloved+of+the+gods.%22+These+inscriptions+comprise+one+of+the+earliest+bodies+of+writing+as+yet+deciphered+from+the+Indian+subcontinent.+His+edicts+have+been+found+inscribed+on+boulders%2C+on+stone+pillars%2C+and+in+caves+and+are+widely+distributed+from+northern+Pakistan+in+the+west%2C+across+the+Gangetic+plain+to+Bengal+in+the+east%2C+to+near+Chennai+in+South+India.+The+inscriptions+are+ethical+and+religious+in+content%2C+with+some+describing+how+A%C5%9Boka+turned+to+the+dharma+after+subjugating+the+territory+of+Kali%E1%B9%85ga+%28in+the+Coastal+region+of+modern+Andhra+Pradesh%29+in+a+bloody+war.+In+his+own+words%2C+A%C5%9Boka+states+that+the+bloodshed+of+that+campaign+caused+him+remorse+and+taught+him+that+rule+by+dharma%2C+or+righteousness%2C+is+superior+to+rule+by+mere+force+of+arms.+While+the+Buddha%2C+dharma%2C+and+sa%E1%B9%83gha+are+extolled+and+Buddhist+texts+are+mentioned+in+the+edicts%2C+the+dharma+that+A%C5%9Boka+promulgated+was+neither+sectarian+nor+even+specifically+Buddhist%2C+but+a+general+code+of+administrative%2C+public%2C+and+private+ethics+suitable+for+a+multireligious+and+multiethnic+polity.+It+is+clear+that+A%C5%9Boka+saw+this+code+of+ethics+as+a+diplomatic+tool+as+well%2C+in+that+he%0Adispatched+embassies+to+neighboring+states+in+an+effort+to+establish+dharma+as+the+basis+for+international+relations.+The+edicts+were+not+translated+until+the+nineteenth+century%2C+however%2C+and%0Atherefore+played+little+role+in+the+Buddhist+view+of+A%C5%9Boka%2C+which+derives+instead+from+a+variety+of+legends+told+about+the+emperor.+The+legend+of+A%C5%9Boka+is+recounted+in+the+Sanskrit+Divy%C4%81vad%C4%81na%2C+in+the+P%C4%81li+chronicles+of+Sri+Lanka%2C+D%C4%ABpava%E1%B9%83sa+and+Mah%C4%81va%E1%B9%83sa%2C+and+in+the+P%C4%81li+commentaries%2C+particularly+the%0ASamantap%C4%81s%C4%81dik%C4%81.+Particularly+in+P%C4%81li+materials%2C+A%C5%9Boka+is+portrayed+as+a+staunch+sectarian+and+exclusive+patron+of+the+P%C4%81li+tradition.+The+inscriptional+evidence%2C+as+noted+above%2C+does+not+support+that+claim.+In+the+Mah%C4%81va%E1%B9%83sa%2C+for+example%2C+A%C5%9Boka+is+said+to+have+been+converted+to+Therav%C4%81da+Buddhism+by+the%0Anovice+Nigrodha%2C+after+which+he+purifies+the+Buddhist+sa%E1%B9%83gha+by+purging+it+of+non-Therav%C4%81da+heretics.+He+then+sponsors+the+convention+of+the+third+Buddhist+council+%28samg%C4%ABt%C4%AB%29+under+the+presidency+of+Moggaliputtatissa%2C+an+entirely+Therav%C4%81da+affair.+Recalling+perhaps+the+historical+A%C5%9Boka%27s+diplomatic+missions%2C+the+legend+recounts+how%2C+after+the+council%2C+Moggaliputtatissa+dispatched+Therav%C4%81da+missions%2C%0Acomprised+of+monks%2C+to+nine+adjacent+lands+for+the+purpose+of+propagating+the+religion%2C+including+A%C5%9Boka%27s+son+%28Mahinda%29+and+daughter+%28Sa%E1%B9%85ghamitt%C4%81%29+to+Sri+Lanka.+In+Sri+Lanka%2C+where+the+legend+appears+to+have+originated%2C+and+in+the+Therav%C4%81da+countries+of+Southeast+Asia%2C+the+P%C4%81li+account+of+King+A%C5%9Boka+was+adopted+as+one+of+the+main+paradigms+of+Buddhist+kingship+and+models+of+ideal+governance+and+proper+sa%E1%B9%83gha-state+relations.+A+different+set+of+legends%2C+which+do+not+recount+the+conversion%0Aof+Sri+Lanka%2C+appears+in+Sanskrit+sources%2C+most+notably%2C+the+A%C5%9Bok%C4%81vad%C4%81na.+%28Source%3A+%22A%C5%9Boka.%22+In+%27%27The+Princeton+Dictionary+of+Buddhism%27%27%2C+70%E2%80%9371.+Princeton+University+Press%2C+2014.+http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt46n41q.27.%29
Indian+pa%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Dita+known+to+have+been+an+expert+in+Abhidharma+and+to+have+assisted+in+the+Tibetan+translation+of+the+%27%27Saddharmasm%E1%B9%9Btyupasth%C4%81nas%C5%ABtra%27%27.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fread.84000.co%2Ftranslation%2Ftoh287.html+Source+Accessed+Aug+31%2C+2021%5D%29 +
B
Bari+Lotsawa%2C++also+known+as+Rinchen+Drak%2C+was+the+second+throne+holder+of+Sakya+school+%28Tib.+Sakya+Trizin%29.+At+the+age+of+63%2C+he+retained+the+seat+of+Sakya+for+a+period+of+eight+years+%281102-1110%29.+He+is+one+of+the+main+lineage+figures+in+the+transmission+and+translation+of+the+White+Tara+practice+and+tantras+that+originate+from+the+Indian+master+Vagishvarakirti.+%28Source%3A+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.rigpawiki.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DBari_Lotsawa+Rigpa+Wiki%5D%29 +
PhD+%28literature%29%2C+University+of+Tokyo+Graduate+School+of+Humanities+and+Sociology%2C+2006.+Assistant+professor+at+University+of+Tokyo+Institute+for+Advanced+Studies+on+Asia%2C+research+associate+at+Darwin+College%2C+University+of+Cambridge%2C+then+visiting+research+fellow+at+the+Ho+Center+for+Buddhist+Studies%2C+Stanford+University.+Then+took+up+post+as+associate+professor+at+University+of+Tokyo+Institute+for+Advanced+Studies+on+Asia+in+2010+specializing+in+Buddhist+studies.+Major+awards+include+Japanese+Association+for+South+Asian+Studies+Award%2C+Japanese+Association+of+Indian+and+Buddhist+Studies+Prize%2C+Toho+Gakkai+%28The+Institute+of+Eastern+Culture%29+Award+and+the+Japan+Society+for+the+Promotion+of+Science+Prize.+Major+publications+include+%27%27The+Development+of+Therav%C4%81da+Buddhist+Thought%3A+From+the+Buddha+to+Buddhaghosa%27%27+%28Shunjusha%29+and+%27%27Shoki+bukkyo+%E2%80%94+Budda+no+shiso+wo+tadoru%27%27+%28Early+Buddhism+%E2%80%94+Tracing+the+Teachings+of+Buddha%29+%28Iwanami+Shoten%29.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.u-tokyo.ac.jp%2Ffocus%2Fen%2Ffeatures%2Fvoices054.html+Source+Accessed+Aug+3%2C+2020%5D%29 +
Jacques+Bacot+%284+July+1877+%E2%80%93+18+June+1965%29+was+an+explorer+and+pioneering+French+Tibetologist.+He+travelled+extensively+in+India%2C+western+China%2C+and+the+Tibetan+border+regions.+He+worked+at+the+%C3%89cole+pratique+des+hautes+%C3%A9tudes.+Bacot+was+the+first+western+scholar+to+study+the+Tibetan+grammatical+tradition%2C+and+along+with+F.+W.+Thomas+%281867%E2%80%931956%29+belonged+to+the+first+generation+of+scholars+to+study+the+Old+Tibetan+Dunhuang+manuscripts.+Bacot+made+frequent+use+of+Tibetan+informants.+He+acquired+aid+from+Gend%C3%BCn+Ch%C3%B6phel+in+studying+Dunhuang+manuscripts.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJacques_Bacot+Source+Accessed+Dec+7%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Andrei-Valentin+Bacr%C4%83u%27s+work+is+focused+on+extrapolating+a+theory+of+ethics+from+Wittgenstein%27s+views+on+language.+Previously%2C+he+was+at+N%C4%81land%C4%81+University+in+Bihar%2C+India%2C+working+on+comparative+ethics.+As+an+undergraduate%2C+he+studied+at+the+George+Washington+University+in+DC%2C+where+he+double-majored+in+International+Affairs+%28Security+Policy%29%2C+and+Philosophy+%28Public+Affairs%29.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fuzh.academia.edu%2FAndreiValentinBacr%25C4%2583u+Adapted+from+Source+Feb+11%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Professor+Paul+Badham+has+been+Head+of+the+Department+of+Theology+and+Religious+Studies+at+University+of+Wales+Lampeter+since+1991.+He+was+born+in+1942+and+educated+at+Jesus+College+Oxford+%28traditional+Christian+Theology%29%3B+at+Jesus+College+Cambridge+%28Modern+Religious+Thought%29%3B+and+at+Westcott+House+%28Anglican+Ministry%29.+He+then+went+to+Birmingham+and+for+five+years+worked+as+a+Curate+while+simultaneously+writing+a+PhD+under+John+Hick.+Since+1973+he+has+been+at+Lampeter+where+he+has+gradually+moved+from+Lecturer+to+Senior+Lecturer+to+Reader+and+finally+to+Professor+and+Dean.%0A%0AOn+his+arrival+at+Lampeter+he+joined+five+other+Anglican+clergymen+in+a+very+traditional+Department+of+Theology.+One+of+his+main+concerns+has+been+to+transform+the+Department+into+a+vibrant+centre+for+the+study+of+all+world+religions%2C+with+a+particular+emphasis+on+religion+in+the+contemporary+world+and+with+an+emphasis+on+the+possibility+of+studying+each+religion+from+within.+The+Department+now+consists+of+18+full-time+and+12+part-time+staff+across+the+whole+area+of+Religious+Life+and+Thought%2C+with+specialists+in+each+of+the+major+faiths+and+with+all+disciplines+of+Religious+Studies+included.%0A%0AExploration+of+the+arguments+for+and+against+belief+in+a+life+after+death+has+been+one+of+Paul+Badham%E2%80%99s+main+academic+concerns.+This+led+to+his+books+%27%27Christian+Beliefs+about+Life+after+Death+and+Immortality+or+Extinction%3F+as+well+as+to+his+edited+collections+Death+and+Immortality+in+the+Religions+of+the+World%27%27%3B+%27%27Perspectives+on+Death+and+Dying%27%27%3B+%27%27Ethics+on+the+Frontiers+of+Human+Existence+and+Facing+Death%27%27.+He+has+for+many+years+directed+a+unique+MA+programme+on+Death+and+Immortality%2C+taught+jointly+with+the+Philosophy+Department+at+Lampeter%2C+and+he+has+always+had+a+succession+of+research+students+working+in+this+area+from+all+over+the+world.+He+has+contributed+to+seven+television+documentaries+on+the+Near-death+experience+and+is+currently+preparing+for+a+major+international+conference+on+this+in+Washington.%0A%0APaul+Badham+is+also+deeply+interested+in+issues+of+Modern+Theology+and+Inter-faith+Dialogue%2C+and+has+contributed+to+a+series+of+books+in+this+area+arising+from+Conferences+in+Claremont+as+well+as+his+edited+%27%27John+Hick+Reader%27%27.+He+has+also+written+a+series+of+bilingual+%28England+and+Japanese%29+publications+with+Professor+Daigan+Lee+Matsunaga+on+%27%27Near-Death+Experiences%2C+Interfaith+Dialogue+and+Christian+Beliefs+About+God+and+Christ+in+Relation+to+True+Pure+Land+Buddhism%27%27+%28published+in+Japanese+as+Christianity+for+Buddhists%29.+He+is+currently+working+on+a+Centenary+volume+for+the+Modern+Church+People%E2%80%99s+Union+on+%27%27The+Contemporary+Challenge+of+Modernist+Theology%27%27.%0A%0APaul+Badham%E2%80%99s+other+concern+is+the+relationship+between+Religion+and+Politics.+This+has+led+to+his+edited+work+%27%27Religion%2C+State+and+Society+in+Modern+Britain%27%27+and+to+an+ongoing+project+with+Vladislav+Arzenukhin+on+%27%27Religion+and+Change+in+Eastern+Europe%27%27.+This+concern+also+helped+to+establish+an+MA+degree+on+%27%27Religion+Politics+and+International+Relations%27%27%2C+jointly+taught+by+the+Department+of+Theology+and+Religious+Studies+at+Lampeter+and+by+the+Department+of+International+Politics+at+Aberystwyth.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F96773532.pdf+Source+Accessed+Feb+14%2C+2023%5D%29
Allan+Badiner+is+the+editor+of+%27%27Zig+Zag+Zen%3A+Buddhism+and+Psychedelics%27%27%2C+%27%27Dharma+Gaia%3A+A+Harvest+in+Buddhism+and+Ecology%27%27%2C+and+%27%27Mindfulness+in+the+Marketplace%27%27.%0A%0AHe+produced+Psychedelic+Integration+at+Esalen+with+Michael+Pollan%2C+MAPS+founder+Rick+Doblin%2C+psychiatrist+Julie+Holland%2C+neurobiologist+David+Presti%2C+UK+psychiatrist+Ben+Sessa%2C+youth+safety+advocate+Marsha+Rosenbaum%2C+Project+CBD%E2%80%99s+Martin+A.+Lee%2C+and+special+guests+author+James+Fadiman+and+UC+Berkeley+psychiatrist+Kristi+Panik%2C+as+we+explore+the+challenges+and+opportunities+unique+to+this+moment+in+history.+Stanislav+Grof%2C+who+lived+and+taught+at+Esalen+for+14+years%2C+opened+the+conversation+remotely.%0A%0AAllan+is+also+a+contributing+editor+of+%27%27Tricycle%27%27+magazine+and+co-producer+of+the+Entheowheel+series.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.esalen.org%2Ffaculty%2Fallan-badiner+Source+Accessed+Feb+14%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Prabodh+Chandra+Bagchi+%2818+November+1898+%E2%80%93+19+January+1956%29+was+one+of+the+most+notable+Sino-Indologists+of+the+20th+century.+He+was+the+third+Upacharya+%28Vice-Chancellor%29+of+Visva-Bharati+University.+He+published+a+large+number+of+books+in+English%2C+French%2C+and+Bengali.+His+best+known+work+that+is+still+acclaimed+as+a+classical+work+even+today+is+%27%27India+and+China%27%27%2C+which+was+first+published+in+1944.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPrabodh_Chandra_Bagchi+Source+Accessed+Jun+4%2C+2019%5D%29 +
Geoff+Bailey+is+currently+a+resident+scholar+at+the+Tibetan+Academy+of+Social+Science%2C%0Ahaving+graduated+from+the+Tibet+University+Tibetan+language+program.+He+has+been%0Ainvolved+in+numerous+Tibetan+language+projects.+%28Source%3A+%27%27The+Six+Brothers%27%27%2C+2007%29 +
Sir+Harold+Walter+Bailey%2C+FBA+%2816+December+1899%E2%80%9311+January+1996%29%2C+who+published+as+H.+W.+Bailey%2C+was+an+eminent+English+scholar+of+Khotanese%2C+Sanskrit%2C+and+the+comparative+study+of+Iranian+languages.%0A%0ABailey+has+been+described+as+one+of+the+greatest+Orientalists+of+the+twentieth+century.+He+was+said+to+read+more+than+50+languages.%0A%0AIn+1929+Bailey+began+his+doctoral+dissertation%2C+a+translation+with+notes+of+the+%27%27Greater+Bundahishn%27%27%2C+a+compendium+of+Zoroastrian+writings+in+Middle+Persian+recorded+in+the+Pahlavi+scripts.+He+became+the+world%27s+leading+expert+in+the+Khotanese+dialect+of+the+Saka+language%2C+the+mediaeval+Iranian+language+of+the+Kingdom+of+Khotan+%28modern+Xinjiang%29.+His+initial+motivation+for+the+study+of+Khotanese+was+an+interest+in+the+possible+connection+with+the+%27%27Bundahishn%27%27.+He+later+passed+his+material+on+that+work+to+Kaj+Barr.%0A%0AHe+was+known+for+his+immensely+erudite+lectures%2C+and+once+confessed%3A+%22I+have+talked+for+ten+and+a+half+hours+on+the+problem+of+one+word+without+approaching+the+further+problem+of+its+meaning.%22%0A%0ABailey+was+elected+a+Fellow+of+the+British+Academy+in+1944%2C+and+subsequently+a+member+of+the+Danish%2C+Norwegian+and+Swedish+Academies.+He+received+honorary+degrees+from+four+universities+including+Oxford%3B+served+as+president+of+Philological+Society%2C+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society%2C+the+Society+for+Afghan+Studies%2C+and+the+Society+of+Mithraic+Studies%3B+and+chaired+the+Anglo-Iranian+Society+and+Ancient+India+and+Iran+Trust.+He+was+knighted+for+services+to+Oriental+studies+in+1960.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHarold_Walter_Bailey+Source+Accessed+Dec+6%2C+2019%5D%29%0A%0ASee+complete+biography+in+%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fbailey-harold-walter-1+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica%5D +
David+Roy+Shackleton+Bailey+FBA+%2810+December+1917+%E2%80%93+28+November+2005%29+was+a+British+scholar+of+Latin+literature+%28particularly+in+the+field+of+textual+criticism%29+who+spent+his+academic+life+teaching+at+the+University+of+Cambridge%2C+the+University+of+Michigan%2C+and+Harvard.+He+is+best+known+for+his+work+on+Horace+%28editing+his+complete+works+for+the+Teubner+series%29%2C+and+Cicero%2C+especially+his+commentaries+and+translations+of+Cicero%27s+letters.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FD._R._Shackleton_Bailey+Source+Accessed+Aug+15%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Baizhang+Huaihai+%28Chinese%3A+%E7%99%BE%E4%B8%88%E6%87%B7%E6%B5%B7%3B+pinyin%3A+B%C7%8Eizh%C3%A0ng+Hu%C3%A1ih%C3%A1i%3B+Wade-Giles%3A+Pai-chang+Huai-hai%3B+Japanese%3A+Hyakuj%C5%8D+Ekai%29+%28720%E2%80%93814%29+was+a+Zen+master+during+the+Tang+Dynasty.+A+native+of+Fuzhou%2C+he+was+a+dharma+heir+of+Mazu+Daoyi+%28Wade-Giles%3A+Ma-tsu+Tao-i%29.%5B1%5D+Baizhang%27s+students+included+Huangbo%2C+Linji+and+Puhua.%0A%0AHagiographic+depictions+of+Baizhang+depict+him+as+a+radical+and+iconoclastic+figure%2C+but+these+narratives+derive+from+at+least+a+century+and+a+half+after+his+death+and+were+developed+and+elaborated+during+the+Song+dynasty.%5B2%5D+As+Mario+Poceski+writes%2C+the+earliest+strata+of+sources+%28such+as+the+%27%27Baizhang+guanglu%27%27+%E7%99%BE%E4%B8%88%E5%BB%A3%E9%8C%84+%29+about+this+figure+provide+a+%22divergent+image+of+Baizhang+as+a+sophisticated+teacher+of+doctrine%2C+who+is+at+ease+with+both+the+philosophical+and+contemplative+aspects+of+Buddhism.%22%5B3%5D+Poceski+summarizes+this+figure+thus%3A%0A%0A%3AThe+image+of+Baizhang+conveyed+by+the+Tang-era+sources+is+that+of+a+learned+and+sagacious+monk+who+is+well+versed+in+both+the+theoretical+and+contemplative+aspects+of+medieval+Chinese+Buddhism.+Here+we+encounter+Baizhang+as+a+teacher+of+a+particular+Chan+brand+of+Buddhist+doctrine%2C+formulated+in+a+manner+and+idiom+that+are+unique+to+him+and+to+the+Hongzhou+school+as+a+whole.+Nonetheless%2C+he+also+comes+across+as+someone+who+is+cognizant+of+major+intellectual+trends+in+Tang+Buddhism%2C+as+well+as+deeply+steeped+in+canonical+texts+and+traditions.+His+discourses+are+filled+with+scriptural+quotations+and+allusions.+He+also+often+resorts+to+technical+Buddhist+vocabulary%2C+of+the+kind+one+usually+finds+in+the+texts+of+philosophically+oriented+schools+of+Chinese+Buddhism+such+as+Huayan%2C+Faxiang%2C+and+Tiantai.+Here+the+primary+mode+in+which+Baizhang+communicates+his+teachings+is+the+public+Chan+sermon%2C+presented+in+the+ritual+framework+of+%E2%80%9Cascending+the+%5BDharma%5D+hall+%5Bto+preach%5D%E2%80%9D+%28%27%27shangtang%27%27%29.%5B4%5D%0A%0ARegarding+his+teachings%2C+Poceski+notes%3A%0A%0A%3AA+central+idea+that+infuses+most+of+Baizhang%E2%80%99s+sermons+is+the+ineffability+or+indescribability+of+reality.+Ultimate+reality+cannot+be+predicated+in+terms+of+conventional+conceptual+categories%2C+as+it+transcends+the+familiar+realm+of+words+and+ideas.+Nonetheless%2C+it+can+be+approached+or+realized%E2%80%94as+it+truly+is%2C+without+any+accretions+or+distortions%E2%80%94as+it+manifests+at+all+times+and+in+all+places.+That+is+done+by+means+of+intuitive+knowledge%2C+whose+cultivation+is+one+of+the+cornerstones+of+Chan+soteriology.+Since+the+essence+of+reality+cannot+be+captured+or+conveyed+via+the+mediums+of+words+and+letters%2C+according+to+Baizhang+it+is+pointless+to+get+stuck+in+dogmatic+assertions%2C+or+to+attach+to+a+particular+doctrine+or+practice.+Like+everything+else%2C+the+various+Chan+%28or+more+broadly+Buddhist%29+teachings+are+empty+of+self-nature.+They+simply+constitute+expedient+tools+in+an+ongoing+process+of+cultivating+detachment+and+transcendence+that+supposedly+free+the+mind+of+mistaken+views+and+distorted+ways+of+perceiving+reality%3B+to+put+it+differently%2C+they+belong+to+the+well-known+Buddhist+category+of+%E2%80%9Cskillful+means%E2%80%9D+%28%27%27fangbian%27%27%2C+or+up%C4%81ya+in+Sanskrit%29.+Holding+on+rigidly+or+fetishizing+a+particular+text%2C+viewpoint%2C+or+method+of+practice%E2%80%94even+the+most+profound+and+potent+ones%E2%80%94can+turn+out+to+be+counterproductive%2C+as+it+becomes+a+source+of+attachment+that+impedes+spiritual+progress.+The+perfection+of+the+Chan+path+of+practice+and+realization%2C+therefore%2C+does+not+involve+the+attainment+of+some+particular+ability+or+knowledge.+Rather%2C+in+Baizhang%E2%80%99s+text+it+is+depicted+as+a+process+of+letting+go+of+all+views+and+attachment+that+interfere+with+the+innate+human+ability+to+know+reality+and+experience+spiritual+freedom.%5B5%5D%0A%0AOne+of+his+doctrinal+innovations+is+what+are+called+the+%E2%80%9Cthree+propositions%E2%80%9D+%28sanju%29%2C+which+are+three+distinct+stages+of+spiritual+realization+or+progressive+ways+of+knowing%3A%5B6%5D%0A%0A%2AThoroughgoing+detachment+from+all+things+and+affairs%0A%2ANonabiding+in+the+state+of+detachment%0A%2ALetting+go+of+even+the+subtlest+vestiges+of+self-referential+awareness+or+knowledge+of+having+transcended+detachment.%0A%0ABaizhang%27s+teachings+and+sayings+have+been+translated+by+Thomas+Cleary+in+%27%27Sayings+and+Doings+of+Pai-Chang%27%27.%5B7%5D+The+Wild+fox+koan+is+attributed+to+Baizhang.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBaizhang_Huaihai+Source+Accessed+July+15%2C+2021%5D%29
Nicola+Bajetta+is+a+Hamburg+University+graduate.+Received+the+Khyentse+Foundation+Award+for+Excellence+in+Buddhist+Studies+%28In+recognition+of+distinction+in+the+field+of+Indo-Tibetan+Buddhist+Studies+for+the+year+2018%29. +
Professor+in+Korean+History+and+Civilization%0A%0AHe+received+his+Ph.D.+in+Korean+history+from+the+University+of+Washington+and+has+taught+at+UBC+since+1987.+He+teaches+undergraduate+and+graduate+courses+on+Korean+history+and+thought+%28religion%2C+philosophy%2C+and+pre-modern+science%29.+In+addition%2C+he+teaches+a+graduate+seminar+on+the+reproduction+of+historical+trauma+in+Asia%2C+in+which+he+leads+graduate+students+in+an+examination+of+how+traumatic+events+in+Asia+in+the+20th+century%2C+such+as+the+Korean+and+Vietnam+Wars%2C+the+bombing+of+Hiroshima%2C+partition+of+India%2C+China%E2%80%99s+Cultural+Revolution%2C+and+the+killing+fields+of+Cambodia+have+been+reproduced+in+eyewitness+accounts%2C+historiography%2C+fiction%2C+and+film.%0A%0AHe+was+a+co-editor+of+the+Sourcebook+of+Korean+Civilization+and+editor+of+Critical+Readings+on+Korean+Christianity.+He+is+also+the+author+of+Chos%C5%8Fn+hugi+yugyo+wa+ch%E2%80%99%C7%92njugyo+%C5%ADi+taerip+%28The+Confucian+confrontation+with+Catholicism+in+the+latter+half+of+the+Joseon+dynasty%29%2C+published+by+Iljogak+in+1997%2C+Korean+Spirituality+%28University+of+Hawaii+Press%2C+2008%29%2C+and+Catholics+and+Anti-Catholicism+in+Chos%C5%8Fn+Korea+%28University+of+Hawaii+Press%2C+2017%29.+He+will+soon+publish+How+to+be+Moral%2C+an+annotated+translation+of+a+commentary+by+Tasan+Ch%C5%8Fng+Yagyong+on+the+Zhongyong.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fasia.ubc.ca%2Fprofile%2Fdonald-baker%2F+Source+Accessed+Aug+2%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Dr.+Ian+Baker+holds+a+PhD+in+History+and+a+MPhil+in+Medical+Anthropology+from+University+College+London%2C+following+earlier+graduate+work+in+Buddhist+Studies+at+Columbia+University+and+English+Literature+at+the+University+of+Oxford.+He+is+the+author+of+seven+critically+acclaimed+books+on+Himalayan+and+Tibetan+cultural+history%2C+environment%2C+art%2C+and+medicine+including%2C+%27%27Tibetan+Yoga%3A+Principles+and+Practices%27%27%2C+%27%27The+Dalai+Lama%E2%80%99s+Secret+Temple%27%27%2C+%27%27The+Heart+of+the+World%27%27%2C+%27%27The+Tibetan+Art+of+Healing%27%27%2C+and+%27%27Buddhas+of+the+Celestial+Gallery%27%27%2C+with+introductions+by+the+H.H.+the+Dalai+Lama+and+Deepak+Chopra.+He+was+lead+curator+for+an+exhibition+at+London%E2%80%99s+Wellcome+Collection+entitled+%22Tibet%E2%80%99s+Secret+Temple%3A+Body%2C+Mind%2C+and+Meditation+in+Tantric+Buddhism%22.+He+is+well+known+for+his+extensive+field+research+in+Tibet%E2%80%99s+%E2%80%98hidden-lands%E2%80%99+%28beyul%29%2C+resulting+in+National+Geographic+Society+designating+him+as+an+%E2%80%98Explorer+for+the+Millennium%E2%80%99.+He+has+led+international+groups+in+Tibet%2C+Nepal%2C+and+Bhutan+for+Smithsonian+Institution+and+National+Geographic+Expeditions+and+is+a+board+member+of+the+International+Society+for+Bhutan+Studies.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fevents.thus.org%2Fteacher%2Fian-baker%2F+Source+Accessed+July+24%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Zentatsu+Richard+Baker+%28born+March+30%2C+1936%29%2C+born+Richard+Dudley+Baker%2C+is+an+American+Soto+Zen+master+%28or+roshi%29%2C+the+founder+and+guiding+teacher+of+Dharma+Sangha%E2%80%94which+consists+of+Crestone+Mountain+Zen+Center+located+in+Crestone%2C+Colorado+and+the+Buddhistisches+Studienzentrum+%28Johanneshof%29+in+Germany%27s+Black+Forest.+As+the+American+Dharma+heir+to+Shunryu+Suzuki%2C+Baker+assumed+abbotship+of+the+San+Francisco+Zen+Center+%28SFZC%29+shortly+before+Suzuki%27s+death+in+1971.+He+remained+abbot+there+until+1984+.+.+.+Baker+was+instrumental+in+helping+the+San+Francisco+Zen+Center+to+become+one+of+the+most+successful+Zen+institutions+in+the+United+States.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FZentatsu_Richard_Baker+Source+Accessed+Nov+23%2C+2020%5D%29 +
Hans+T.+Bakker+%28born+1948%29+is+a+cultural+historian+and+Indologist%2C+who+has+served+as+the+Professor+of+the+History+of+Hinduism+and+Jan+Gonda+Chair+at+the+University+of+Groningen.+He+currently+works+in+the+British+Museum+as+a+researcher+in+project+%22Beyond+Boundaries%3A+Religion%2C+Region%2C+Language+and+the+State%22.%0A%0ACareer%0ABefore+joining+the+British+Museum+in+2014%2C+Bakker+was+at+the+University+of+Groningen+in+the+Netherlands+where+he+was+director+of+the+Institute+of+Indian+Studies+at+Groningen+and%2C+from+1996%2C+Professor+of+the+History+of+Hinduism+in+the+Sanskrit+Tradition+and+Indian+Philosophy+and+holder+of+the+Jan+Gonda+Chair+at+the+University+of+Groningen.+He+has+been+a+visiting+fellow+of+All+Souls+College+at+the+University+of+Oxford+and+a+visiting+professor+at+the+University+of+Vienna+and+the+University+of+Kyoto.%0A%0ABakker%27s+main+research+interest+has+been+the+political+and+religious+culture+of+India+in+the+fourth%2C+fifth+and+sixth+centuries.+As+part+of+this+work+he+led+the+study+of+the+earliest+known+version+of+the+%27%27Skanda+Pur%C4%81%E1%B9%87a%27%27+preserved+in+Kathmandu%2C+Nepal.+This+version+of+the+Skanda+Pur%C4%81%E1%B9%87a+is+substantially+different+from+the+%27%27Skanda+Pur%C4%81%E1%B9%87a%27%27+known+from+manuscripts+and+the+printed+edition+in+India.%0A%0ABakker+has+continued+and+expanded+the+best+traditions+of+Dutch+Indology+and+has+trained+a+number+of+able+scholars%2C+among+them+Peter+Bisschop+%28Leiden+University%29%2C+Harunaga+Isaacson+%28University+of+Hamburg%29+and+Yuko+Yokochi+%28University+of+Kyoto%29.%0A%0ABakker+has+been+working+as+researcher+in+%22Beyond+Boundaries%3A+Religion%2C+Region%2C+Language+and+the+State%22%2C+a+project+based+in+the+British+Museum+that+is+funded+by+the+European+Research+Council+%282013%E2%80%932019%29+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHans_T._Bakker+Source+Accessed+Feb+16%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Balangoda+Ananda+Maitreya+Thero+%28Sinhala%3A+%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C+%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F+%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD+%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%A9+%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF+%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%9B%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BA+%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F+%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F+%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%3B23+August+1896+%E2%80%93+18+July+1998%3B+was+a+Sri+Lankan+Buddhist+monk+who+was+one+of+the+most+distinguished+scholars+and+expositors+of+Theravada+Buddhism+in+the+twentieth+century.+He+was+highly+respected+by+Sri+Lankan+Buddhists%2C+who+believed+that+he+had+achieved+a+higher+level+of+spiritual+development.%5B2%5D%5B5%5D+Sri+Lankan+Buddhists+also+considered+Balangoda+Ananda+Maitreya+Thero+as+a+Bodhisattva%2C+who+will+attain+Buddhahood+in+a+future+life.%0A%0ABalangoda+Ananda+Maitreya+Thero+lived+a+modest+life+and+did+a+great+service+for+the+propagation+of+Buddhist+philosophy.+In+recognition+of+his+valuable+service+at+the+Sixth+Buddhist+council+held+in+Burma%2C+the+Burmese+government+conferred+on+him+the+title+of+Agga+Maha+Pandita+%28Chief+Great+Scholar%29+in+1956.+Later+in+March+1997%2C+the+Burmese+government+conferred+on+Balangoda+Ananda+Maitreya+Thero+the+highest+Sangha+title%2C+Abhidhaja+Maha+Rattha+Guru+%28Most+Eminent+Great+Spiritual+Teacher%29%2C+which+is+equivalent+to+Sangharaja%2C+in+honor+of+his+unique+service+to+the+Buddhist+religion.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBalangoda_Ananda_Maitreya_Thero+Source+Accessed+Feb+13%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Piotr+Balcerowicz%2C+presently+teaching+at+the+University+of+Warsaw+%28Department+of+South-Asian+Studies%29+and+professor+of+Social+Sciences+and+Humanities+%28Asian+Studies+and+Department+of+International+Relations%29%2C+specialises+in+Indian+philosophical+tradition%2C+with+emphasis+on+Indian+epistemological+thought+and+Jainism.+He+lectures+on+Indian+philosophy+and+Indian+religions+as+well+as+on+intercultural+relations+and+contemporary+history+of+Asia%2C+esp.+SouthAsia%2C+Central+Asia+and+the+Middle+East.+He+received+his+M.A.+degree+in+Indology+from+the+University+of+Warsaw+in+1990+and+his+Ph.D.+degree+in+Sanskrit+and+Indian+Studies+from+Hamburg+University+in+1999.+He+studied+Sanskrit%2C+Prakrits+and+P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini+at+Banaras+Hindu+University+in+1987%E2%80%931988+and+Western+philosophy+at+postgraduate+level+at+Polish+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+Warsaw+in+1990%E2%80%931994.+He+earned+his+%27Habilitation%27+%28post-doctoral+degree%29+in+Eastern+philosophies+in+2005+from+Polish+Academy+of+Sciences+with+his+postdoctoral+thesis+%28%27%27History+of+Classical+Indian+Philosophy.+Part+One%3A+Beginnings%2C+Analytical+Trends+and+Philosophy+of+Nature%27%27.+Warsaw+2003%29.+He+published+extensively+on+Indian+philosophy%2C+but+also+on+the+Middle+East+and+Central+Asia%2C+and+authored+a+number+of+books+on+Indian+philosophy%2C+Jainism+and+history+of+Afghanistan.+%28%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.balcerowicz.eu%2Findology%2FLogic_and_Belief_in_Indian_Philosophy_2016.pdf+Source+Accessed+Apr+8%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Since+the+late+1960s+Bodo+Balsys+has+dedicated+his+life+to+understanding+the+nature+of+consciousness+and+sharing+his+unique+insights+with+others.+He+is+a+writer%2C+a+poet%2C+an+artist%2C+a+meditation+teacher+and+healer.+He+has+studied+extensively+across+multiple+fields+of+life.+These+include+Esoteric+science%2C+meditation%2C+healing%2C+cosmology%2C+Christianity%2C+Buddhism%2C+natural+science%2C+art%2C+politics+and+history.%0A%0ABodo+has+published+multiple+books.+His+first+series%2C+The+Revelation+%28three+volumes%29%2C+was+concerned+with+providing+insights+into+fundamental+esoteric+subjects%2C+and+specifically+providing+an+esoteric+understanding+of+the+Christian+Bible.+His+more+recent+books+focus+on+providing+new+insights+into+Buddhism+and+particularly+their+alignment+with+esoteric+science.+Bodo+also+holds+a+science+degree+from+the+University+of+Western+Sydney.+He+is+currently+teaching+at+the+School+of+Esoteric+Sciences+%28near+Sydney%29%2C+which+he+established.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.universaldharma.com%2Fabout-us%2Four-teacher-bodo-balsys%2F+Source+Accessed+July+19%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Baoyun+%E5%AF%B6%E9%9B%B2+%28376%3F%E2%80%93449%29+was+from+Liangzhou.+He+traveled+to+Central+Asia%2C+Khotan+%28Hotan%29%2C+and+India+around+397.+There+he+met+Faxian+and+other+Chinese+pilgrims.+In+India+he+studied+languages%2C+then+returned+to+Chang%E2%80%99an+and+became+a+follower+of+Buddhabhadra+%28359%E2%80%93429%29.+Buddhabhadra+was+in+Chang%E2%80%99an+from+406%E2%80%93408.+Baoyun+then+followed+Buddhabhadra+south+to+Mount+Lu%2C+and+ultimately+to+Jiankang+%28Nanjing%29.+His+good+friend+Huiguan+accompanied+Baoyun+throughout+the+entire+journey.+All+three+men+stayed+at+Daochang+Temple+in+Jiankang.+Baoyun+later+moved+to+Liuheshan+Temple%2C+outside+of+Jiankang.+It+was+at+these+two+temples+that+he+made+his+translations+%5Bof+the+%27%27Buddhacarita%27%27%5D%2C+reading+the+Indian+text+and+translating+orally.+In+this+way+the+%27%27Buddhacarita%27%27+was+rendered+in+421+C.E.+%28Yongchu+2+of+the+Liu+Song%29%2C+at+Liuheshan+Temple.+%28Willemen%2C+%27%27Buddhacarita%3A+In+Praise+of+Buddha%27s+Acts%27%27%2C+translator%27s+introduction%2C+xiv%E2%80%93xv%29.+In+addition+to+the+%27%27Buddhacarita%27%27+Baoyun+is+recorded+as+having+assisted+in+the+translation+of+several+s%C5%ABtras%2C+including+the+%27%27Ak%E1%B9%A3ayamatinirde%C5%9Bas%C5%ABtra%27%27+and+the+%27%27S%C4%81garamatiparip%E1%B9%9Bcch%C4%81s%C5%ABtra%27%27. +
Terchen+Barway+Dorje+%281st+Bardor+Rinpoche%2C+1836-1918%29+was+a+student+of+the+9th+Tai+Situ+Rinpoche%2C+the+14th+Karmapa%2C+Chokgyur+Dechen+Lingpa%2C+and+many+other+masters+of+his+time.%0A%0AInitially+associated+with+Surmang+Monastery+of+which+he+was+a+recognized+tulku+%28Shartse+Rinpoche+of+Surmang%29%2C+Terchen+Barway+Dorje+devoted+a+good+portion+of+his+life+to+reviving+of+the+lost+teachings+of+the+Barom+Kagyu.+He+was+also+known+as+a+revealer+of+terma+%28treasures%29+of+which+he+discovered+nine+volumes.%0A%0AThe+treasures+discovered+by+Terchen+Barway+Dorje+had+been+concealed+by+two+of+Guru+Rinpoche%E2%80%99s+principal+disciples%E2%80%94Nupchen+Sangye+Yeshe+and+Yeshe+Tsogyal.+Terchen+Barway+Dorje+was+an+emanation+of+both+of+them.%0A%0AToward+the+end+of+his+life%2C+Terchen+Barway+Dorje+founded+Raktrul+Monastery+in+eastern+Tibet.%0A%0AThe+writings+of+Terchen+Barway+Dorje+consist+of+fourteen+volumes.+Of+these%2C+nine+volumes+are+his+revelations+or+termas%2C+three+volumes+are+his+collective+writings+or+compositions%2C+one+volume+is+his+autobiography%2C+and+the+one+volume+is+his+collective+songs+of+instruction.%0A%0AThe+autobiography+of+Terchen+Barway+Dorje+has+been+translated+into+English+and+published+by+KTD+Publications+as+%27%27Precious+Essence%3A+The+Inner+Autobiography+of+Terchen+Barway+Dorje%27%27.+His+collective+songs+of+instruction+have+been+published+as+%27%27Treasury+of+Eloquence%3A+The+Songs+of+Barway+Dorje%27%27. +
The+first+rebirth+of+Terchen+Barway+Dorje+was+recognized+by+the+15th+Karmapa%2C+but+lived+only+a+short+time+and%2C+in+fact%2C+died+before+he+was+reached+by+the+search+party+seeking+him.+The+Karmapa+later+explained+what+happened%3A+Terchen+Barway+Dorje+had+promised+a+great+sinner+named+Changkyi+Mingyur+that+he+would+not+be+reborn+in+a+lower+state.+Changkyi+Mingyur+died+shortly+before+the+new+incarnation+of+Terchen+Barway+Dorje+was+discovered+and+was+about+to+be+reborn+in+a+lower+state.+In+desperation%2C+he+called+on+Barway+Dorje+and+it+was+therefore+necessary+for+Bardor+Rinpoche+to+depart+his+new+body+in+order+to+fulfill+his+promise.%0A%0AThe+15th+Karmapa+decided+to+perform+another+recognition+of+the+2nd+Barway+Dorje%2C+but+before+the+time+for+recognition+arrived%2C+the+15th+Gyalwang+Karmapa+departed+this+realm+for+the+benefit+of+beings+in+other+places.%0A%0AFor+this+reason%2C+the+rebirth+of+Terchen+Barway+Dorje%E2%80%94the+2nd+Bardor+Rinpoche%E2%80%94was+recognized+by+the+11th+Tai+Situ+Rinpoche%2C+Padma+Wangchok+Gyalpo.%0A%0AThe+2nd+Bardor+Rinpoche+was+born+at+the+end+of+1920+and+many+auspicious+signs+accompanied+his+birth.+He+was+enthroned+at+Raktrul+Monastery+at+the+age+of+five+but+received+his+training+and+transmissions+at+Surmang+and+Kyodrak+monasteries.%0A%0AIn+his+thirteenth+year%2C+the+2nd+Bardor+Rinpoche+met+the+16th+Gyalwang+Karmapa.+Because+the+Gyalwang+Karmapa+had+been+Bardor+Rinpoche%E2%80%99s+karmically+destined+guru+in+many+lives%2C+Bardor+Rinpoche+felt+great+devotion+for+the+Karmapa+upon+meeting+him.%0A%0AThe+2nd+Bardor+Rinpoche+spent+much+of+his+life+serving+the+16th+Gyalwang+Karmapa%2C+although+he+occasionally+traveled+back+to+Raktrul+Monastery+to+look+after+its+needs.+Toward+the+end+of+his+life%2C+he+made+an+aspiration+to+be+able+to+serve+both+the+Karmapa+and+Raktrul+Monastery+in+his+future+lives.+As+a+result+of+that+aspiration+we+now+have+two+incarnations+of+the+3rd+Bardor+Rinpoche%E2%80%94one+who+has+devoted+most+of+his+life+to+the+service+of+both+the+16th+and+17th+Karmapas+and+has+founded+Kunzang+Palchen+Ling+in+the+US%2C+and+one+who+remains+in+Tibet+and+looks+after+Raktrul+Monastery.%0A%0AA+detailed+account+of+the+life+of+the+2nd+Bardor+Rinpoche+is+available+in+English+translation+as+%27%27The+Light+of+Dawn%27%27+composed+by+Karma+Tupten.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.kunzang.org%2Ftreasure-lineage%2F2nd-bardor-rinpoche%2F+Source+Accessed+June+28%2C+2023%5D%29
Bardor+Tulku+Rinpoche+was+born+in+1949+in+Kham%2C+East+Tibet.+At+a+very+early+age%2C+he+was+recognized+by+His+Holiness+the+16th+Gyalwang+Karmapa+as+the+third+incarnation+of+Terchen+Barway+Dorje.%0A%0AWhen+Rinpoche+was+a+small+child%2C+with+his+family+and+his+Dharma+tutor+he+maintained+a+nomadic+life+style.+Rinpoche+was+six+when+he+left+East+Tibet+in+the+company+of+his+grandparents+on+a+journey+that+took+him+first+to+Lhasa%2C+then+Tsurphu%2C+and+finally+to+Drikung+where+Rinpoche+was+to+remain+for+a+couple+of+years+at+the+home+of+his+grandparents.%0A%0AAfter+Rinpoche%E2%80%99s+grandparents+passed+away%2C+his+parents+and+siblings+joined+him+in+Drikung.+When+the+political+and+social+conditions+in+Tibet+worsened+as+a+result+of+the+Chinese+Communist+occupation%2C+Rinpoche+and+his+family%E2%80%94initially+a+party+of+thirteen%E2%80%94set+out+toward+India+over+the+Himalayas+along+with+many+other+Tibetans+who+were+also+fleeing+the+fighting.%0A%0AThey+traveled+through+Kongpo+to+Pema+Ku.+In+Pema+Ku%2C+at+the+border+of+Tibet+and+India%2C+as+a+result+of+the+arduous+journey%2C+all+Rinpoche%E2%80%99s+family+members+died.+When+Rinpoche%E2%80%99s+father%E2%80%94the+last+member+of+his+family%E2%80%94died%2C+Rinpoche+left+Pema+Ku+and+continued+on+toward+Assam+with+other+refugees.%0A%0AAt+the+township+known+as+Bomdila%2C+where+the+borders+of+Tibet%2C+Bhutan%2C+and+India+meet%2C+a+bombing+raid+dispersed+the+group.+Rinpoche+and+a+young+friend+fled+the+attack+and+traveled+westward%2C+along+the+border+of+Bhutan+and+India%2C+to+Siliguri+and+eventually+to+Darjeeling.+When+they+arrived+in+Darjeeling%2C+His+Holiness+the+16th+Karmapa+was+notified+that+Rinpoche+had+safely+made+his+way+out+of+Tibet.+Filled+with+joy+at+the+good+news%2C+His+Holiness+arranged+for+Rinpoche+to+be+brought+to+Sikkim%2C+and+for+Rinpoche%E2%80%99s+friend+to+be+taken+care+of.%0A%0ABardor+Tulku+Rinpoche+was+enthroned+as+a+tulku+at+Rumtek+Monastery+when+he+was+in+his+teens.+It+was+also+at+Rumtek+Monastery%2C+under+the+tutelage+of+His+Holiness+the+16th+Karmapa%2C+that+Rinpoche%E2%80%99s+formal+training+took+place.%0A%0AAfter+completing+many+years+of+study+and+practice%2C+Bardor+Tulku+Rinpoche+accompanied+the+16th+Karmapa+on+his+world+tours+in+1974+and+1976.+In+1977%2C+His+Holiness+asked+Rinpoche+to+remain+in+Woodstock%2C+New+York%2C+at+Karma+Triyana+Dharmachakra+%28KTD%29.+During+his+first+two+years+at+KTD%2C+Rinpoche+worked+side-by-side+with+the+staff+to+renovate+and+winterize+the+house+and+prepare+for+the+last+visit+of+His+Holiness+the+Sixteenth+Karmapa+to+the+West.+During+that+last+visit%2C+in+1980%2C+His+Holiness+directed+that+his+monastery+and+seat+in+North+America+be+established+at+KTD%2C+and+he+performed+the+formal+investiture.+After+the+groundbreaking+ceremony+in+May+of+1982%2C+Bardor+Rinpoche+directed+the+construction+activities+and+labored+each+day+to+build+the+monastery.+When+the+construction+of+the+shrine+building+was+essentially+completed+in+early+1990s%2C+he+assumed+responsibilities+as+a+teacher+at+KTD+and+its+affiliate+Karma+Thegsum+Ch%C3%B6ling+centers+%28KTCs%29.%0A%0AIn+2000%2C+with+a+blessing+from+His+Holiness+the+17th+Karmapa+and+His+Eminence+the+12th+Tai+Situ+Rinpoche%2C+Bardor+Tulku+Rinpoche+established+Raktrul+Foundation+in+order+to+help+rebuild+the+Raktrul+Monastery+in+Tibet+and+provide+educational+facilities+for+monks+and+the+lay+community.+In+2003%2C+Rinpoche+established+Kunzang+Palchen+Ling+%28KPL%29%2C+a+Tibetan+Buddhist+Center+in+Red+Hook%2C+New+York.+Based+on+nonsectarian+principles%2C+KPL+offers+Dharma+teachings+from+all+traditions+of+Tibetan+Buddhism+and+serves+as+a+base+for+preserving+and+bringing+to+the+West+the+terma+teachings+of+Terchen+Barway+Dorje.%0A%0AAfter+working+tirelessly+for+thirty-one+years+with+the+Venerable+Khenpo+Karthar+Rinpoche%2C+the+abbot+of+KTD%2C+to+firmly+establish+KTD+and+its+affiliates+in+the+United+States%2C+in+October+2008%2C+Bardor+Tulku+Rinpoche+resigned+from+all+his+responsibilities+at+KTD.+In+August+2009%2C+the+KTD+Board+of+Trustees+issued+an+appreciation+letter+acknowledging+Bardor+Tulku+Rinpoche%E2%80%99s+role+in+the+establishment+KTD+and+its+affiliates+in+North+America.%0A%0ASince+he+left+KTD%2C+Bardor+Tulku+Rinpoche+has+been+directing+the+activities+of+Kunzang+Palchen+Ling%2C+guiding+Palchen+Study+Groups+nationwide%2C+overseeing+translation+projects+of+terma+texts+of+Terchen+Barway+Dorje+and+the+construction+of+the+new+facility+at+Kunzang+Palchen+Ling+that+is+an+implementation+of+his+vision+for+KPL.+Rinpoche+also+serves+as+an+adviser+for+Dharma+TV%2C+an+online+Buddhist+television+project.+%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.kunzang.org%2Fbiography%2F+Source+Kunzang.org%2C+Accessed+January+27%2C+2022.%5D
Andr%C3%A9+Bareau+%28December+31%2C+1921-+March+2%2C+1993%29+was+a+prominent+French+Buddhologist+and+a+leader+in+the+establishment+of+the+field+of+Buddhist+Studies+in+the+20th+century.+He+was+a+professor+at+the+Coll%C3%A8ge+de+France+from+1971+to+1991+and+Director+of+the+Study+of+Buddhist+Philosophy+at+L%27%C3%89cole+Pratique+des+Hautes+%C3%89tudes.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAndr%25C3%25A9_Bareau+Source+Accessed+Apr+8%2C+2022%5D%29 +
Jonathan+Barnes%2C+FBA+%28born+26+December+1942+in+Wenlock%2C+Shropshire%29+is+an+English+scholar+of+Aristotelian+and+ancient+philosophy.%0A%0A%3Ch2%3EEducation+and+career%3C%2Fh2%3E%0AHe+was+educated+at+the+City+of+London+School%5B1%5D+and+Balliol+College%2C+Oxford+University.%5B1%5D%0A%0AHe+taught+for+25+years+at+Oxford+University+before+moving+to+the+University+of+Geneva.+He+was+a+Fellow+of+Oriel+College%2C+Oxford%2C+1968%E2%80%9378%3B%5B1%5D+a+Fellow+of+Balliol+College%2C+Oxford%2C+1978%E2%80%9394%2C+and+has+been+Emeritus+Fellow+of+Balliol+College+since+1994.%5B1%5D%0A%0AHe+was+Professor+of+Ancient+Philosophy%2C+Oxford+University%2C+1989%E2%80%9394.%5B1%5D%0A%0AHe+was+Professor+of+Ancient+Philosophy+at+the+University+of+Geneva+1994%E2%80%932002.%5B1%5D%0A%0AHe+taught+at+the+University+of+Paris-Sorbonne+in+France%2C+and+took+his+%C3%A9m%C3%A9ritat+in+2006.%0A%0AHe+was+elected+a+Fellow+of+the+British+Academy+in+1987.%5B1%5D%0A%0AHe+is+an+expert+on+ancient+Greek+philosophy%2C+and+has+edited+the+two-volume+collection+of+Aristotle%27s+works+as+well+as+a+number+of+commentaries+on+Aristotle%2C+the+pre-Socratics+and+other+areas+of+Greek+thought.%0A%0AHe+was+elected+a+Foreign+Honorary+Member+of+the+American+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences+in+1999.%5B2%5D%0A%0AHe+was+awarded+an+honorary+doctorate+by+the+Humboldt+University+of+Berlin+in+2012.%5B3%5D%0A%0A%3Ch2%3EFamily%3C%2Fh2%3E%0AHe+married+in+1965+and+has+two+daughters.%5B2%5D%0A%0AHe+is+the+brother+of+the+novelist+Julian+Barnes%2C+and+he+and+his+family+feature+in+the+latter%27s+memoir+Nothing+to+be+Frightened+Of+%282008%29.%0A%0A%3Ch2%3EPhilosophical+views%3C%2Fh2%3E%0ABarnes+holds+that+our+modern+notion+of+the+scientific+method+is+%22thoroughly+Aristotelian.%22+He+emphasizes+the+point+in+order+to+refute+empiricists+Francis+Bacon+and+John+Locke%2C+who+thought+they+were+breaking+with+the+Aristotelian+tradition.+He+claims+that+the+%22outrageous%22+charges+against+Aristotle+were+brought+by+men+who+did+not+read+Aristotle%27s+own+works+with+sufficient+attention+and+who+criticized+him+for+the+faults+of+his+successors.%5B4%5D%0A%0A%3Ch2%3EWritings%3C%2Fh2%3E%0A%27%27The+Complete+Works+of+Aristotle%27%27%2C+2+vols%2C+1984%3B+reprinted+with+corrections%2C+1995+%28General+Editor%29%3Cbr%3E%0A%27%27Posterior+Analytics%27%27+%28translation+and+commentary+on+Aristotle%29%2C+%281975%29+%28revised+edition%2C+1994%29%3Cbr%3E%0A%27%27The+Ontological+Argument%27%27+%281972%29%3Cbr%3E%0A%27%27Presocratic+Philosophers%27%27+2+Vols.%2C+1979%3B+1+vol.+revised+edition%2C+1982%3Cbr%3E%0A%27%27Aristotle%27%27+%281982%29%3Cbr%3E%0A%27%27The+Modes+of+Scepticism%27%27+%281985%29%2C+with+Julia+Annas%3Cbr%3E%0A%27%27Early+Greek+Philosophy%27%27+%281987%29%3Cbr%3E%0A%27%27The+Toils+of+Scepticism%27%27+%281990%29%3Cbr%3E%0A%27%27The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Aristotle%27%27+%281995%29%3Cbr%3E%0A%27%27Logic+and+the+Imperial+Stoa%27%27+%281997%29%3Cbr%3E%0ABarnes%2C+Jonathan+%282000%29.+%27%27Aristotle%3A+A+Very+Short+Introduction%27%27.+Oxford+University+Press.+ISBN+978-0-19-285408-7.%3Cbr%3E%0A%27%27Porphyry%3A+introduction%27%27+%282003%29%3Cbr%3E%0A%27%27Truth%2C+etc.%27%27+%282007%29%3Cbr%3E%0A%27%27Coffee+with+Aristotle%27%27+%282008%29%3Cbr%3E%0A%27%27Methods+and+Metaphysics%3A+Essays+in+Ancient+Philosophy+I%27%27+%282011%29%3Cbr%3E%0A%27%27Logical+Matters%3A+Essays+in+Ancient+Philosophy+II%27%27+%282012%29%3Cbr%3E%0A%27%27Proof%2C+Knowledge%2C+and+Scepticism%3A+Essays+in+Ancient+Philosophy+III%27%27+%282014%29%3Cbr%3E%0A%27%27Mantissa%3A+Essays+in+Ancient+Philosophy+IV%27%27+%282015%29+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJonathan_Barnes+Source+Accessed+Feb+2%2C+2023%5D%29
Nancy+J.+Barnes+received+her+Ph.D.+from+the+University+of+Toronto+in+Sanskrit+and+Indian+Studies%2C+with+specialization+in+Buddhism+in+India+and+China.+She+has+taught+at+Wesleyan+University%2C+the+Hartford+Seminary+Foundation%2C+the+Hartford+College+for+Women%2C+and+in+the+Religion+Department+of+Trinity+College+and+the+Art+History+Department+of+the+University+of+Hartford.+She+has+published+in+the+fields+of+women+in+Buddhism%2C+and+Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na+Buddhist+thought+and+practice.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdyQpNKH1oOYC%26pg%3DPA430%26lpg%3DPA430%26dq%3DNancy%2BJ.%2BBarnes%2Breceived%2Bher%2BPh.D.%2Bfrom%2Bthe%2BUniversity%2Bof%2BToronto%2Bin%2BSanskrit%2Band%2BIndian%2BStudies%2C%2Bwith%2Bspecialization%2Bin%2BBuddhism%2Bin%2BIndia%2Band%2BChina.%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DzwKFr5ovW9%26sig%3DACfU3U1-X8HBUyE0JdRsjqzJsBdZ_Rx3mQ%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjAkpiQlvTuAhUTZc0KHVS-AtUQ6AEwAHoECAUQAw%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DNancy%2520J.%2520Barnes%2520received%2520her%2520Ph.D.%2520from%2520the%2520University%2520of%2520Toronto%2520in%2520Sanskrit%2520and%2520Indian%2520Studies%252C%2520with%2520specialization%2520in%2520Buddhism%2520in%2520India%2520and%2520China.%26f%3Dfalse+Adapted+from+Source+Feb+18%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Lionel+David+Barnett+CB+FBA+%2821+October+1871+%E2%80%93+28+January+1960%29+was+an+English+orientalist.+The+son+of+a+Liverpool+banker%2C+Barnett+was+educated+at+Liverpool+High+School%2C+Liverpool+Institute%2C+University+College%2C+Liverpool+and+Trinity+College%2C+Cambridge%2C+where+he+took+a+first+class+degree+in+classics+and+was+three+times+a+winner+of+a+Browne+medal.+In+1899%2C+he+joined+the+British+Museum+as+Assistant+Keeper+in+the+Department+of+Oriental+Printed+Books+and+Manuscripts.+In+1908+he+became+Keeper%2C+remaining+in+the+post+until+his+retirement+in+1936.+He+was+also+Professor+of+Sanskrit+at+University+College%2C+London+from+1906+to+1917%2C+founding+Lecturer+in+Sanskrit+at+the+School+of+Oriental+Studies+%281917%E2%80%931948%29%2C+Lecturer+in+Ancient+Indian+History+and+Epigraphy+%281922%E2%80%931948%29%2C+and+Librarian+of+the+School+%281940%E2%80%931947%29.+In+1948%2C+at+the+age+of+77%2C+he+rejoined+the+British+Museum%2C+which+was+desperately+short+of+staff%2C+as+an+Assistant+Keeper%2C+remaining+there+until+his+death.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLionel_Barnett+Source+Accessed+Jan+19%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Michael+Barnhart+is+a+professor+in+the+History-Philosophy+and+Political+Science+Department+at+Kingsborough+Community+College+in+New+York. +
David+Landis+Barnhill+is+the+former+Director+of+Environmental+Studies+at+the+University+of+Wisconsin+at+Oshkosh.+He+is+the+translator+of+%27%27Basho%27s+Journey%3A+The+Literary+Prose+of+Matsuo+Basho%27%27+%282005%29%2C+%27%27Basho%27s+Haiku%3A+Selected+Poems+of+Matsuo+Basho%27%27+%282004%29%2C+and+the+coeditor+%28with+Roger+S.+Gottlieb%29+of+%27%27Deep+Ecology+and+World+Religions%3A+New+Essays+on+Sacred+Ground%27%27+%282001%29%2C+all+published+by+SUNY+Press. +
Nicholas+Barr+received+his+BA+in+comparative+religion+from+Columbia+University%2C+where+he+studied+Tibetan+Buddhist+philosophy.+As+a+Princeton+in+Asia+fellow%2C+he+worked+in+education+and+development+in+Laos+before+earning+his+MSW+with+a+concentration+in+adult+mental+health+at+the+University+of+California%2C+Los+Angeles.+He+then+worked+as+a+clinical+social+worker+for+the+Los+Angeles+County+Department+of+Mental+Health+for+two+years+before+completing+his+PhD+at+the+University+of+Southern+California+School+of+Social+Work.+Before+joining+the+faculty+at+the+University+of+Nevada%2C+Las+Vegas%2C+he+was+a+Cohen+Veteran%E2%80%99s+Network+funded+postdoctoral+fellow+at+the+Center+for+Innovation+and+Research+on+Veterans+%26+Military+Families.%0A%0ADr.+Barr%E2%80%99s+research+focuses+on+enhancing+understanding+of+risk+and+protective+factors+for+populations+with+an+elevated+likelihood+of+traumatic+experiences%2C+like+homeless+young+adults+and+military+service+members.+His+work+includes+intervention+development+and+implementation+leveraging+principles+of+mindfulness+to+enhance+resilience+and+improve+mental+and+behavioral+health+outcomes+in+these+populations.+He+holds+certifications+in+a+number+of+evidence+based+practices+including+Prolonged+Exposure+and+Cognitive+Behavior+Therapy.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.unlv.edu%2Fpeople%2Fnicholas-barr+Source+Accessed+May+24%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Roland+Barraux%2C+born+on+August+12%2C+1928+in+Menotey+%28Jura%29%2C+is+a+French+diplomat+and+writer.%0A%0A%3Ch2%3EBiography%3C%2Fh2%3E+%0AHe+served+in+the+Comoros+Islands+twice+from+1954+to+1959+and+then+from+1967+to+1972+1+.+He+was+French+Ambassador+to+Africa+%2C+then+to+Afghanistan+between+1981+and+1985+and+finally+to+Nepal+2+between+1985+and+1990+.+A+writer%2C+he+is+notably+the+author+of+Histoire+des+Dala%C3%AF-Lamas+%2C+a+book+translated+into+several+languages.%0A%0A%3Ch2%3EPublications%3C%2Fh2%3E%0A%27%27From+Coral+to+Volcano%3A+The+Story+of+the+Comoros+Islands%27%27%2C+2009%3Cbr%3E%0A%27%27History+of+Nepal%3A+the+kingdom+of+the+mountain+with+three+names%27%27%2C+2007%2C+%C3%89ditions+L%27Harmattan%2C+2007%2C+%28ISBN++2296034918+and+9782296034914%29%3Cbr%3E%0AWith+Andriamampionona+Razafindramboa%2C+%27%27Jean+Laborde%2C+a+Gascon+in+Madagascar%27%27%2C+1805-1878%2C+Komedit%2C+2004.%3Cbr%3E%0AWith+Zalma%C3%AF+Haquani%2C+S%C3%A9bastien+Brabant%2C+Marc+Hecker%2C+Paul+Presset%2C+Denis+Rolland%2C+%27%27Une+vie+d%27Afghanistan%27%27%2C+L%27Harmattan%2C+2006.%3Cbr%3E%0A%27%27The+Knight+of+the+Bastille%3A+Joseph+Arney%27%27%2C+1762-1802%2C+2002.%3Cbr%3E%0A%27%27If+I+forget+you+Bamiyan%3A+memories+of+my+mission+in+Afghanistan+1981-1985%27%27%2C+Bamiyan+Editions%2C+2002.%3Cbr%3E%0A%27%27History+of+the+Dalai+Lamas+-+Fourteen+Reflections+on+the+Lake+of+Visions%27%27%2C+preface+by+Dagpo+Rinpoche%2C+Albin+Michel%2C+1993%3B+republished+in+2002%2C+Albin+Michel+%28ISBN++2226133178%29+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRoland_Barraux+Source+Accessed+Feb+22%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Terry+Barrett+is+a+software+engineer+and+20-year+practitioner+in+the+Drikung+Kagyu+lineage+of+Tibetan+Buddhism.+He+has+published+several+translations+of+Tibetan+Buddhist+texts%2C+including+Engaging+by+Stages+in+the+Teachings+of+the+Buddha+by+the+12th-century+Tibetan+Kagyu+lineage+master+Phagmodrupa+%28Otter+Verlag%2C+2008%29+and%E2%80%8B+The+Wheel+of+Wisdom%2C+three+teaching+poems+composed+by+Khenchen+Rinpoche+and+three+long-life+prayers+for+Khenchen+Rinpoche%2C+Vajra+Publications%2C+2012. +
Richard+Barron+is+a+Canadian-born+translator+who+specializes+in+the+writings+of+Longchenpa.+He+has+served+as+an+interpreter+for+many+lamas+from+all+four+schools+of+Tibetan+Buddhism%2C+including+his+first+teacher%2C+Kalu+Rinpoche.+He+completed+a+traditional+three-year+retreat+at+Kagyu+Ling+in+France+and+later+became+a+close+disciple+of+the+late+Chagdud+Tulku+Rinpoche.+He+was+engaged+in+a+long-term+project+to+translate+%27%27The+Seven+Treasuries%27%27+of+Longchenpa.%0A%0AHis+other+translations+include+%27%27Buddhahood+Without+Meditation%27%27%2C+%27%27The+Autobiography+of+Jamg%C3%B6n+Kongtrul%3A+A+Gem+of+Many+Colors%27%27%2C+and+%27%27A+Marvelous+Garland+of+Rare+Gems%3A+Biographies+of+Masters+of+Awareness+in+the+Dzogchen+Lineage%27%27+by+Nyoshul+Khen+Rinpoche.+%27%27The+Autobiography+of+Jamg%C3%B6n+Kongtrul%27%27+was+his+first+translation+in+the+Tsadra+Foundation+Series+published+by+Snow+Lion+Publications. +
Geoff+Barstow+first+encountered+Tibetan+Buddhism+in+1999%2C+while+on+a+study+abroad+trip+in+college.++Since+that+time%2C+the+study+of+Tibetan+religion%2C+history%2C+and+culture+has+been+the+focus+of+his+professional+life.++He+has+spent+more+than+six+years+conducting+research+in+Nepal%2C+China%2C+and+Tibet.++At+present%2C+that+research+focuses+on+the+history+of+vegetarianism+on+the+Tibetan+plateau%2C+asking+questions+about+how+animals+were+viewed%2C+how+they+were+treated+%28ie%3A+eaten%29%2C+and+what+that+can+tell+us+about+Tibetan+Buddhism+more+broadly.++As+a+teacher%2C+his+courses+emphasize+various+aspects+of+Buddhist+religious+thought%2C+but+also+seek+to+explore+how+those+ideas+have+been+lived+and+experienced+by+actual+Buddhists.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fliberalarts.oregonstate.edu%2Fusers%2Fgeoffrey-barstow+Source+Accessed+Apr+27%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Auguste+Barth+%28born+in+Strasbourg+22+May+1834%3B+died+in+Paris+15+April+1916%29+was+a+French+orientalist.+He+is+best+known+by+his+work+in+connection+with+the+religions+of+India.+His+volume%2C+%27%27Les+religions+de+l%27Inde%27%27+%28Paris%2C+1879%29%2C+was+translated+into+English+%28London%2C+1882%29.+Mention+may+also+be+made+of+his+%27%27Inscriptions+sanscrites+du+Cambodge%27%27+%28Sanskrit+inscriptions+of+Cambodia%3B+Paris%2C+1885%29+and+of+numerous+monographs+and+reviews+in+%27%27Journal+Asiatique%27%27%2C+in+%27%27M%C3%A9lusine%27%27%2C+and+in+the+%27%27M%C3%A9moires+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+de+Linguistique%27%27.+His+annual+reports+on+researches+into+the+history+of+Indian+religions%2C+in+%27%27Revue+de+l%27Histoire+des+Religions%27%27+%281880%29+are+especially+valuable.+He+was+a+member+of+the+French+Institute.+Barth+became+a+foreign+member+of+the+Royal+Netherlands+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences+in+1896.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAuguste_Barth+Source+Accessed+Aug+15%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Tessa+J.+Bartholomeusz+was+Professor+of+Religion+at+the+Florida+State+University%2C+Tallahasee.+Her+work+concentrated+on+gender%2C+religious+identity+and+most+recently%2C+on+Buddhism+in+America.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2FIn-Defense-of-Dharma-Just-War-Ideology-in-Buddhist-Sri-Lanka%2FBartholomeusz%2Fp%2Fbook%2F9780700716821+Source+Accessed+Feb+22%2C+2023%5D%29 +
D.+Mitra+Barua+teaches+and+conducts+research+on+Buddhism+in+South+and+Southeast+Asia+and+its+diasporic+expressions.+With+a+PhD+in+religious+studies%2C+Mitra+received+trainings+in+both+textual+and+social+scientific+study+of+religion.%0A%0AHis+recent+monograph+%27%27Seeding+Buddhism+with+Multiculturalism%27%27+%28McGill-Queen%E2%80%99s+University+Press%2C+2019%29+explains+what+being+Buddhist+means+in+Sri+Lankan+Buddhism+across+three+distinct+times+and+spaces%3A+colonial+Ceylon%2C+postcolonial+Sri+Lanka+and+immigrant-friendly+Canada.%0A%0AAs+a+research+partner+at+the+University+of+Toronto%E2%80%99s+Ho+Centre+for+Buddhist+Studies%2C+Mitra+examines+Buddhism+in+the+India-Bangladesh-Myanmar+border+region+with+an+emphasis+on+centuries-long+Buddhist+transnational+networks+across+the+region+and+beyond.+He+currently+teaches+Buddhist+philosophy+at+the+Antioch-Carleton+Buddhist+Studies+Program+at+Bodh+Gaya%2C+India.+He+also+taught+and+conducted+research+at+Cornell+University%2C+Rice+University+and+the+University+of+Saskatchewan.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fbuddhiststudies.utoronto.ca%2Fd-mitra-barua%2F+Source+Accessed+July+20%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Meghan+Barwick+received+her+Bachelor+of+Science+in+Nursing+%28BSN%29+at+Thomas+Jefferson+University+in+2020.+She+received+her+BA+in+Journalism+with+a+minor+in+Studio+Art+from+Lehigh+University+in+2015.+She+also+participated+in+a+program+sponsored+by+the+School+for+International+Training+%28SIT%29+in+2014.+While+in+this+program%2C+she+lived+with+a+host+family+in+New+Delhi%2C+India%2C+for+over+two+months%2C+studying+Indian+arts%2C+Hindi%2C+and+Madhubani+painting+with+an+artist+in+the+city.+She+attended+lectures+on++music%2C+painting%2C+architecture%2C+and+the+religion+and+politics+of+India.+In+addition+she+executed+a+research+project+on+Shantideva%2C+the+eighth-century+Buddhist+scholar%2C+entitled+%22Shantideva%E2%80%99s+Bodhicaryavatara%3A+An+Internal+Pilgrimage+to+Universal+Peace+and+Compassion.%22+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Fin%2Fmeghanbarwick%2F+Adapted+from+Source+Jan+12%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Candida+Bastos+is+a+translator+of+Buddhist+works+into+Portuguese.+She+has+translated+a+number+of+works+by+by+Chagdud+Tulku%2C+including+%27%27Port%C3%B5es+da+Pr%C3%A1tica+Budista%3A+Ensinamentos+Essenciais+de+um+Lama+Tibetano%27%27%2C+%27%27O+senhor+da+dan%C3%A7a%3A+a+autobiografia+de+um+lama+tibetano%27%27%2C+%27%27Para+Abrir+o+Cora%C3%A7%C3%A3o%3A+Treinamento+para+Paz%27%27%2C+%27%27Coment%C3%A1rios+sobre+Tara+Vermelha%27%27%2C+and+%27%27Vida+e+morte+no+Budismo+Tibetano%27%27.+She+has+also+co-translated%2C+with+Manoel+Vidal%2C+%27%27O+caminho+do+bodisatva%27%27%2C+a+Portuguese+translation+of+the+revised+edition+of+the+English+translation+of+the+%27%27Bodhicary%C4%81vat%C4%81ra%27%27+made+by+the+Padmakara+Translation+Group.+She+lives+in+S%C3%A3o+Paulo%2C+Brazil. +
Martine+Batchelor+was+born+in+France+in+1953.+She+was+ordained+as+a+Buddhist+nun+in+Korea+in+1975.+She+studied+Zen+Buddhism+under+the+guidance+of+the+late+Master+Kusan+at+Songgwang+Sa+monastery+until+1984.+From+1981+she+served+as+Kusan+Sunim%27s+interpreter+and+accompanied+him+on+lecture+tours+throughout+the+United+States+and+Europe.+She+translated+his+book+%27The+Way+of+Korean+Zen%27.+Following+Master+Kusan%E2%80%99s+death+she+returned+her+nun%E2%80%99s+vows+and+left+Korea.+She+returned+to+Europe+with+her+husband%2C+Stephen%2C+in+1985.+She+has+worked+as+a+lecturer+and+spiritual+counsellor+both+at+Gaia+House+and+elsewhere+in+Britain.+She+was+also+involved+in+interfaith+dialogue+and+was+a+Trustee+of+the+International+Sacred+Literature+Trust+until+2000.+Her+latest+book+is+%E2%80%98The+Spirit+of+the+Buddha%E2%80%99.+With+her+husband+she+co-leads+meditation+retreats+worldwide.+She+now+lives+in+France.+She+speaks+French%2C+English+and+Korean+and+can+read+Chinese+characters.+She+has+written+various+articles+for+magazines+on+the+Korean+way+of+tea%2C+Buddhism+and+women%2C+Buddhism+and+ecology%2C+and+Zen+cooking.+She+is+interested+in+meditation+in+daily+life%2C+Buddhism+and+social+action%2C+religion+and+women%27s+issues%2C+Zen+and+its+history%2C+factual+and+legendary.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FBuddhism-Ecology-Martine-Batchelor%2Fdp%2F8120812468%2Fref%3Dtmm_hrd_swatch_0%3F_encoding%3DUTF8%26qid%3D%26sr%3D+Source+Accessed+Feb+22%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Stephen+Batchelor+is+a+contemporary+Buddhist+teacher+and+writer%2C+best+known+for+his+secular+or+agnostic+approach+to+Buddhism.+Stephen+considers+Buddhism+to+be+a+constantly+evolving+culture+of+awakening+rather+than+a+religious+system+based+on+immutable+dogmas+and+beliefs.+In+particular%2C+he+regards+the+doctrines+of+karma+and+rebirth+to+be+features+of+ancient+Indian+civilisation+and+not+intrinsic+to+what+the+Buddha+taught.+Buddhism+has+survived+for+the+past+2%2C500+years+because+of+its+capacity+to+reinvent+itself+in+accord+with+the+needs+of+the+different+Asian+societies+with+which+it+has+creatively+interacted+throughout+its+history.+As+Buddhism+encounters+modernity%2C+it+enters+a+vital+new+phase+of+its+development.+Through+his+writings%2C+translations+and+teaching%2C+Stephen+engages+in+a+critical+exploration+of+Buddhism%27s+role+in+the+modern+world%2C+which+has+earned+him+both+condemnation+as+a+heretic+and+praise+as+a+reformer.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.stephenbatchelor.org%2Findex.php%2Fen%2Fstephen+Source+Accessed+Jan+12%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Christoph+Baumer+is+a+Swiss+scholar+and+explorer.+From+1984+onwards%2C+he+has+conducted+explorations+in+Central+Asia%2C+China+and+Tibet%2C+the+results+of+which+have+been+published+in+numerous+books%2C+scholarly+publications+and+radio+programs.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChristoph_Baumer+Wikipedia%5D%29 +
Professor+Achim+Bayer+teaches+Buddhism+at+Kanazawa+Seiryo+University%2C+Japan.+His+main+fields+of+research+are+tantric+Buddhism%2C+Abhidharma+systematics+and+Buddhist+ethics. +
Gwendolyn+McKee+Bays+was+a+professor+of+French+literature+as+well+as+a+scholar+of+Buddhism+and+Eastern+mysticism%2C+writing+and+translating+several+books+on+the+subject.+She+was+the+author+of+%27%27The+Orphic+Vision%27%27+and+translator+of+the+book%2C+%27%27The+Voice+of+the+Buddha%27%27+from+the+original+French.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.legacy.com%2Fus%2Fobituaries%2Fatlanta%2Fname%2Fgwendolyn-bays-obituary%3Fpid%3D164933470+Source+Accessed+Aug+25%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Manu+Bazzano+is+a+psychotherapist%2Fsupervisor+in+private+practice+and+an+internationally+recognized+author%2C+lecturer%2C+and+facilitator.+He+is+an+associate+tutor+at+Cambridge+University.+Among+his+books%3A+%27%27Buddha+is+Dead%27%27+%282006%29%3B+%27%27Spectre+of+the+Stranger%27%27+%282012%29%3B+%27%27After+Mindfulness%27%27+%282014%29%3B+%27%27Therapy+and+the+Counter-tradition%27%27+%282016%29%3B+%27%27Zen+and+Therapy%27%27+%282017%29%3B+%27%27Re-visioning+Person-centred+Therapy%27%27+%282018%29%3B+%27%27Nietzsche+and+Psychotherapy%27%27+%282019%29.+He+is+a+regular+contributor+to+several+academic+journals+and+magazines.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2FRe_Visioning_Existential_Therapy.html%3Fid%3Di1aFzQEACAAJ%26source%3Dkp_author_description+Source+Accessed+Jan+7%2C+2021%5D%29 +
A+student+of+Dkon+mchog+%27byung+gnas.+He+had+a+student+named+Seng%2Bge+ba+rgyal+ba%27i+rdo+rje. +
There+seems+to+be+some+confusion+regarding+this+figure%2C+and+he+is+likely+conflated+with+a+later+figure+of+the+same+name+on+his+BDRC+page%2C+namely+the+Tert%C3%B6n+Dudjom+Rolpa+Tsal+that+was+a+student+of+Dzogchen+Khenpo+Padma+Vajra+and+teacher+to+Kathok+Situ+Ch%C3%B6kyi+Gyamtso+and+others.+The+Dudjom+Rolpa+Tsal+whose+Red+Garuda+treasure+is+included+in+the+Terdz%C3%B6%2C+seems+to+have+lived+circa+the+17th-18th+centuries.+Kongtrul+doesn%27t+give+much+details+in+his+brief+biography+of+him%2C+other+than+that+Kathok+Rigdzin+seems+to+have+met+him+in+his+younger+years.+However%2C+in+the+addendum+included+by+Kongtrul+in+the+text+found+in+the+Terdz%C3%B6%2C+which+delineates+the+lineage+from+which+he+received+this+particular+treasure%2C+it+is+clear+that+this+figure+lived+a+couple+generations+before+Kongtrul.+The+text+in+question+comes+from+the+Tert%C3%B6n%27s+student+Drime+Zhingkyong+%28b.+1724%29%2C+whom+was+the+son+of+Ch%C3%B6je+Lingpa+and+the+teacher+of+several+prominent+lamas%2C+such+as+Kunzang+Nged%C3%B6n+Wangpo+and+Getse+Mah%C4%81pa%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Dita%2C+that+lived+toward+the+second+half+of+the+18th+century.+Therefore%2C+the+BDRC+page+in+which+we+find+the+Tert%C3%B6n%27s+collected+works+is+inaccurate+in+its+biographical+details+and+subsequently+in+the+associated+persons%2C+all+of+which+are+related+to+the+later+Dudjom+Rolpa+Tsal+that+lived+in+the+18-19th+centuries.+However%2C+Jeff+Watt%27s+description+on+HAR+of+the+image+included+here+does+seem+to+reference+the+correct+Dudjom+Rolpa+Tsal%2C+a.k.a.+Pema+Ch%C3%B6gyal.+In+this+image+we+find+Drime+Zhingkyong+depicted+as+a+disciple+of+the+Tert%C3%B6n. +
Samuel+Beal+%2827+November+1825%2C+in+Devonport%2C+Devon+%E2%80%93+20+August+1889%2C+in+Greens+Norton%2C+Northamptonshire%29+was+an+Oriental+scholar%2C+and+the+first+Englishman+to+translate+directly+from+the+Chinese+the+early+records+of+Buddhism%2C+thus+illuminating+Indian+history.+%5BBeal%5D+was+born+in+Devonport%2C+Devon%2C+and+went+to+Kingswood+School+and+Devonport.+He+graduated+from+Trinity+College%2C+Cambridge+in+1847.+He+was+the+son+of+a+Wesleyan+minister%2C+reverend+William+Beal%3B+and+brother+of+William+Beal+and+Philip+Beal+who+survived+a+shipwreck+in+Kenn+Reef.+From+1848+to+1850+he+was+headmaster+of+Bramham+College%2C+Yorkshire.+He+was+ordained+deacon+in+1850%2C+and+priest+in+the+following+year.+After+serving+as+curate+at+Brooke+in+Norfolk+and+Sopley+in+Hampshire%2C+he+applied+for+the+office+of+naval+chaplain%2C+and+was+appointed+to+H.M.S.+%27%27Sybille%27%27+%281847%29+during+the+China+War+of+1856%E2%80%9358.+He+was+chaplain+to+the+Marine+Artillery+and+later+to+Pembroke+and+Devonport+dockyards+1873%E2%80%9377.+In+1857%2C+he+printed+for+private+circulation+a+pamphlet+showing+that+the+Tycoon+of+Yedo+%28i.e.+Tokugawa+sh%C5%8Dgun+of+Edo%29%2C+with+whom+foreigners+had+made+treaties%2C+was+not+the+real+Emperor+of+Japan.+In+1861+he+married+Martha+Ann+Paris%2C+1836%E2%80%9381.+In+September+1872+he+was+appointed+to+examine+the+Buddhist+Chinese+books+in+the+India+Office+Library%2C+London.+Of+the+Chinese+language+books+held+by+the+library%2C+Beale+found+72+Buddhist+compilations+across+112+volumes.+His+research+illustrated+key+philosophical+differences+between+Indian+and+Chinese+Buddhism.+An+example+was+the+Chinese+version+of+the+Indian+Mah%C4%81parinibb%C4%81%E1%B9%87a+Sutta.+Beale%27s+exegesis+of+the+Chinese+narrative+revealed+a+key+doctrinal+divergence+from+the+Indian+version%2C+and+therefore+between+Northern+and+Southern+Asian+Buddhism%2C+namely+that+Nirvana+is+not+the+cessation+of+Being+but+its+perfection.+He+retired+from+the+navy+in+1877%2C+when+he+was+appointed+Professor+of+Chinese+at+University+College%2C+London.+He+was+Rector+of+Falstone%2C+Northumberland+1877%E2%80%9380%3B+Rector+of+Wark%2C+Northumberland+1880%E2%80%9388%3B+and+of+Greens+Norton%2C+Northamptonshire%2C+1888%E2%80%9389.+He+was+awarded+DCL+%28Durham%29+in+1885+%22in+recognition+of+the+value+of+his+researches+into+Chinese+Buddhism.%22+Beale%27s+reputation+was+established+by+his+series+of+works+which+traced+the+travels+of+the+Chinese+Buddhists+in+India+from+the+fifth+to+the+seventh+centuries+AD%2C+and+by+his+books+on+Buddhism%2C+which+have+become+classics.%0A%0AIn+1874%2C+Beale+requested+a+Japanese+copy+of+the+Chinese+Buddhist+Tripitaka%2C+the+sacred+books+of+Chinese+and+Japanese+Buddhists%2C+from+Japanese+ambassador+Iwakura+Tomomi.+The+copy+was+deposited+at+the+India+Office+Library+in+1875.+This+was+the+first+time+that+the+work+became+available+in+the+West.+Beal+finished+cataloging+the+books+in+June+1876.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSamuel_Beal+Source+Accessed+Aug+16%2C+2021%5D%29
Heinz+Bechert+%28born+June+26%2C+1932+in+Munich+%2C+%E2%80%A0+June+14%2C+2005+in+G%C3%B6ttingen%29+was+a+German+Indologist+and+Buddhologist.%0AFrom+1965+to+2000%2C+Bechert+held+the+professorship+in+Indology+at+the+University+of+G%C3%B6ttingen.+In+1971%2C+on+his+initiative%2C+the+former+%22Indological+Seminar%22+was+renamed+%22Seminar+for+Indology+and+Buddhist+Studies.%22%0A%0ABechert%27s+main+research+areas+were+Indology+and+Buddhism%2C+with+a+focus+on+Theravada+Buddhism+in+Sri+Lanka%2C+Southeast+Asia+and+Nepal.+In+addition%2C+he+dealt+with+Buddhist+Sanskrit+tradition+in+Central+Asia+as+well+as+the+political+and+social+significance+of+the+Buddhist+religious+community+up+to+the+present+day.%0A%0AHis+language+skills+included+Sanskrit%2C+Middle+Indian+languages+%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B%28Pali%2C+several+Prakrits%29%2C+Tibetan%2C+Sinhala+and+Burmese.%0A%0AHe+published+numerous+scientific+papers+and+works.+Together+with+Ernst+Waldschmidt%2C+he+was+the+editor+of+the+%27%27Sanskrit+dictionary+of+Buddhist+texts+from+the+Turfan+finds%27%27.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fde.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHeinz_Bechert+Source+Accessed+Sep+9+2021%5D%29 +
Beckwith+has+taught+at+IU+for+45+years%2C+in+which+time+he+has+developed+48+distinct+courses.+He+is+one+of+the+most+prolific+and+versatile+researchers+in+the+field+of+Central+Eurasian+studies.+Beckwith+is+renowned+for+revolutionary+scholarship+that+reshapes+understanding+of+how%2C+why+and+when+the+Central+Eurasian+steppe+peoples+from+Eastern+Europe+to+East+Asia+influenced+the+development+of+knowledge%2C+religious+beliefs+and+societies%2C+not+only+within+their+homeland+but+in+the+neighboring+peripheral+cultures+of+Europe%2C+the+Middle+East%2C+South+Asia%2C+and+East+Asia+as+well.+His+research+focuses+on+the+history+of+ancient+and+medieval+Central+Eurasia+and+the+cultures+of+the+peripheral+peoples%2C+as+well+as+the+linguistics+of+Aramaic%2C+Chinese%2C+Japanese%2C+Koguryo%2C+Old+Tibetan%2C+Scythian%2C+Turkic%2C+and+other+languages.%0A%0AHe+has+been+named+a+MacArthur+Fellow%2C+a+Guggenheim+Fellow%2C+a+Fulbright-Hays+Fellow%2C+and+a+Japan+Foundation+fellow+and+has+had+numerous+visiting+appointments+around+the+United+States+and+the+world.+He+has+authored+12+books+and+over+60+articles.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fhls.indiana.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fbeckwith-christopher.html+Source+Accessed+Feb+24%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Robert+Beer+has+studied+and+practiced+Tibetan+thangka+painting+for+thirty+years%2C+including+five+years+of+study+with+master+artists+Jampa+of+Dharamsala+and+Khamtr%C3%BCl+Rinpoche+of+Tashijong.+Beer+is+one+of+the+first+Westerners+to+become+actively+involved+in+this+art+form.+Over+the+last+two+decades+he+has+concentrated+on+an+extensive+series+of+iconographical+drawings+depicting+the+major+deities%2C+lineage+holders%2C+and+symbols+that+occur+in+the+spectrum+of+Tibetan+art.+%28Source%3A+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.shambhala.com%2Fthe-encyclopedia-of-tibetan-symbols-and-motifs.html+Shanbhala+Publications%5D%29 +
Zachary+is+currently+a+PhD+student+at+the+University+of+California%2C+Berkeley.+Zack+began+studying+Tibetan+in+2002.+He+has+studied+at+Stanford+University+and+at+Rangjung+Yeshe+Institute. +
Christopher+Bell%2C+PhD%2C+is+an+associate+professor+of+religious+studies+at+Stetson+University.+He+received+his+bachelor+of+arts+degree+in+creative+writing+and+religions+and+his+master+of+arts+degree+in+religious+studies+from+Florida+State+University.+He+received+his+doctoral+degree+from+the+University+of+Virginia%2C+where+his+area+of+concentration+has+been+in+Tibetan+and+Buddhist+studies.+He+has+experience+as+a+teaching+assistant+and+as+an+instructor+at+both+Florida+State+University+and+at+the+University+of+Virginia%2C+as+well+as+experience+for+one+year+as+a+teaching+associate+at+the+Hong+Kong+University+of+Science+and+Technology+in+Hong+Kong.+During+his+graduate+program+he+was+awarded+a+Fulbright+Institute+of+International+Education+Graduate+Fellowship+for+International+Study+and+completed+extensive+multi-country+field+research+in+the+Chinese+cities+of+Xining%2C+Chengdu%2C+and+Lhasa%2C+Tibet%2C+as+well+as+in+Dharamsala%2C+India.+He+is+a+member+of+the+Phi+Beta+Kappa+honor+society.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.stetson.edu%2Fother%2Ffaculty%2Fchristopher-bell.php+Source+Accessed+Oct.+31%2C+2023%5D%29 +
John+Vincent+Bellezza+is+an+archaeologist+and+cultural+historian+specializing+in+the+pre-Buddhist+heritage+of+Tibet+and+the+Western+Himalaya.+He+is+a+Senior+Research+Fellow+at+the+Tibet+Center%2C+University+of+Virginia%2C+and+the+University+of+Bern%2C+Switzerland%2C+and+has+lived+in+high+Asia+for+three+decades.+Since+1994%2C+Bellezza+has+comprehensively+surveyed+ancient+monuments+and+rock+art+on+the+uppermost+reaches+of+the+Tibetan+plateau.+He+has+also+extensively+studied+archaic+rituals%2C+myths+and+narratives+in+Bon+and+Old+Tibetan+literature.+In+addition+to+nine+books%2C+Bellezza+has+written+numerous+academic+and+popular+articles+on+topics+pertaining+to+early+Tibet.+He+is+the+first+non-Tibetan+to+have+explored+both+the+geographic+and+ritual+sources+of+each+of+the+four+great+rivers+that+emerge+from+the+Mount+Kailas+region.+He+also+visited+most+major+islands+and+headlands+in+the+great+lakes+of+Upper+Tibet.+Bellezza+has+also+traveled+widely+on+foot+in+the+Western+Himalayan+regions+of+India+and+Pakistan.+%28%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.tibetarchaeology.com%2Fabout-the-author%2F+Source+Accessed+Feb+24%2C+2023%5D%29 +
David+Bellos+gained+his+doctorate+in+French+literature+from+Oxford+University+%28UK%29+and+taught+subsequently+at+Edinburgh%2C+Southampton+and+Manchester+before+coming+to+Princeton+in+1997.+He+worked+first+in+nineteenth+century+studies%2C+particularly+on+the+novel+and+the+history+of+literary+ideas+and+then+developed+interests+in+post-war+French+writing+and+film.+He+is+the+translator+and+biographer+of+Georges+Perec+and+has+also+written+major+studies+of+Jacques+Tati+and+Romain+Gary.+A+well-known+translator%2C+he+is+also+the+author+of+an+irreverent+introduction+to+translation+studies%2C+%27%27Is+That+A+Fish+in+Your+Ear%3F%27%27+His+most+recent+book%2C+%27%27The+Novel+of+the+Century%27%27%2C+marks+a+return+to+nineteenth+century+France+from+a+trans-national+point+of+view.+He+has+a+joint+appointment+in+French+and+Comparative+Literature+and+is+also+Director+of+the+PIIRS+Graduate+Fellows+Program.+He+has+won+the+French-American+Foundation%E2%80%99s+translation+prize+%281988%29%2C+the+Prix+Goncourt+de+la+Biographie+%281994%29%2C+the+Man+Booker+International+translator%E2%80%99s+award+%282005%29+and+the+Book+Award+of+the+American+Library+in+Paris%2C+and+holds+the+rank+of+officier+in+the+Orde+national+des+Arts+et+des+Lettres.+He+was+the+recipient+of+the+2019+Howard+T.+Berhman+Award+for+Distinguished+Achievement+in+the+Humanities.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Ffit.princeton.edu%2Fpeople%2Fdavid-bellos+Source+Accessed+Feb+24%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Cecil+Bendall+%281+July+1856+%E2%80%93+14+March+1906%29+was+an+English+scholar%2C+a+professor+of+Sanskrit+at+University+College+London+from+1895+to+1902+and+later+at+the+University+of+Cambridge+from+1903+until+his+death.%0A%0ABendall+was+educated+at+the+City+of+London+School+and+at+the+University+of+Cambridge%2C+achieving+first-class+honours+in+the+Classical+Tripos+in+1879+and+the+Indian+Languages+Tripos+in+1881.+He+was+elected+to+a+fellowship+at+Gonville+and+Caius+College.%0A%0AFrom+1882+to+1893+he+worked+at+the+British+Museum+in+the+department+of+Oriental+Manuscripts+%28now+part+of+the+British+Library%29.%0AIn+1894%E2%80%931895+he+was+in+Nepal+and+Northern+India+collecting+oriental+manuscripts+for+the+British+Museum.+During+the+winter+1898%E2%80%931899+he+returned+to+Nepal+and+together+with+pandit+Hara+Prasad+Shastri+and+his+assistant+pandit+Binodavihari+Bhattacharya+from+the+Asiatic+Society+in+Calcutta%2C+the+team+registered+and+collected+information+from+palm-leaf+manuscripts+in+the+Durbar+Library+belonging+to+Rana+Prime+Minister+Bir+Shumsher+J.+B.+Rana%2C+and+here+he+found+the+famous+historical+document+Gopal+Raj+Vamshavali%2C+describing+Nepal%27s+history+from+around+1000+to+1600.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCecil_Bendall+Adapted+from+Source+Mar+18%2C+2021%5D%29 +
James+A.+Benn+was+trained+primarily+as+a+scholar+of+medieval+Chinese+religions+%28Buddhism+and+Taoism%29.++His+research+is+aimed+at+understanding+the+practices+and+world+views+of+medieval+men+and+women%2C+both+religious+and+lay%2C+through+the+close+reading+of+primary+sources+in+literary+Chinese%E2%80%94the+lingua+franca+of+East+Asian+religions.++He+has+concentrated+on+three+major+areas+of+research%3A+bodily+practice+in+Chinese+Religions%3B+the+ways+in+which+people+create+and+transmit+new+religious+practices+and+doctrines%3B+and+the+religious+dimensions+of+commodity+culture.++In+particular+he+has+worked+on+self-immolation%2C+Chinese+Buddhist+apocrypha%2C+and+the+religious+and+cultural+history+of+tea.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Faltausterity.mcmaster.ca%2Fpeople%2Fa-benn-james%23biography+Adapted+from+Source+Aug+9%2C+2023%5D%29 +
David+Bennett+first+became+involved+in+Buddhism+in+1975+at+Samye+Ling+Buddhist+Centre+in+Scotland.+After+studying+with+various+teachers+he+met+Traleg+Kyabgon+Rinpoche+IX+in+1981+in+Australia+and+continued+studying+and+practicing+under+his+guidance+until+Traleg+passed+away+in+2012.+David+was+Vice-President+of+Traleg%E2%80%99s+main+Centre+E-Vam+Institute+in+Melbourne+Australia+for+many+years.+He+works+as+a+graphic+designer+and+has+used+these+skills+to+contribute+to+Traleg+Rinpoche%E2%80%99s+ongoing+activities+since+joining+the+Centre.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.shogam.com%2Fproject%2Fdavid-bennett%2F+Source+Accessed+Dec+6%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Yael+Bentor+is+a+senior+lecturer+of+Indian+and+Tibetan+Studies+in+the+departments+of+Comparative+Religion+and+Asian+Studies+at+The+Hebrew+University+of+Jerusalem.++Her+current+research+interests+are+the+dynamics+of+the+evolution+of+tantric+traditions+in+Tibet+during+the+fourteenth+to+sixteenth+centuries%2C+focusing+on+the+creation+stage+of+the+Guhyasam%C4%81ja+Tantra.++She+is+the+author+%28with+Penpa+Dorjee%29+of+%5B%5BThe+Essence+of+the+Ocean+of+Attainments%5D%5D%3A+Explanation+of+the+Creation+Stage+of+the+Guhyasam%C4%81ja%2C+King+of+All+Tantras+%28AIBS%2C+2013%29+and+%5B%5BA+Classical+Tibetan+Reader%5D%5D%3A+Selections+from+Renowned+Works+with+Custom+Glossaries+%28Wisdom%2C+2013%29.+%28%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.as.huji.ac.il%2Fuser%2F287+Source%5D%29 +
AY%5CE-SOPHIE+BENTZ+is+a+teaching+assistant+at+the+Graduate+Institute+of+International%0Aand+Development+Studies+in+Geneva.+Her+research+focuses+on+the+politics+of+the%0ATibetan+diaspora. +
Samuel+Bercholz+is+the+founder+and+editor-in-chief+of+Shambhala+Publications. +
Nikolai+Alexandrovich+Berdyaev+%28%2Fb%C9%99r%CB%88dj%C9%91%CB%90j%C9%9Bf%2C+-j%C9%9Bv%2F%3B+Russian%3A+%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%CC%81%D0%B9+%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%CC%81%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8F%CC%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%3B+18+March+%5BO.S.+6+March%5D+1874+%E2%80%93+24+March+1948%29+was+a+Russian+philosopher%2C+theologian%2C+and+Christian+existentialist+who+emphasized+the+existential+spiritual+significance+of+human+freedom+and+the+human+person.+Alternative+historical+spellings+of+his+surname+in+English+include+%22Berdiaev%22+and+%22Berdiaeff%22%2C+and+of+his+given+name+%22Nicolas%22+and+%22Nicholas%22.+Russian+paleontologist+and+Christian+apologist+Alexander+V.+Khramov+%28Borissiak+Paleontological+Institute+of+the+Russian+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+Ph.D.+from+Moscow+University%29+attributes+his+ideas+about+an+atemporal+human+fall+to+Berdyaev+and+Evgenii+Nikolaevitch+Troubetzkoy.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNikolai_Berdyaev+Source+Accessed+June+1%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Douglas+L.+Berger+is+Professor+of+Comparative+Philosophy+at+Leiden+University+in+the+Netherlands.+His+primary+areas+of+research+and+teaching+are+classical+Br%C4%81hmi%E1%B9%87ical+and+Indian+Buddhist+thought%2C+Classical+Chinese+philosophy%2C+and+cross-cultural%0Aphilosophical+hermeneutics.+He+is+the+author+of+%27%27Encounters+of+Mind%3A+Luminosity+and+Personhood+in+Indian+and+Chinese+Thought%27%27+%28SUNY+Press%2C+2015%29%2C+%27%27%22The+Veil+of+M%C4%81y%C4%81%3A%22+Schopenhauer%E2%80%99s+System+and+Early+Indian+Thought%27%27+%28Global+Academic+Publications%2C+2004%29%2C+and+coeditor%2C+with+JeeLoo+Liu%2C+of+%27%27Nothingness+in+Asian+Philosophy%27%27+%28Routledge%2C+2014%29.+He+has+authored+dozens+of+essays+and+book+chapters+on+the+areas+of+his+research+and+is+chief+editor+of+the+University+of+Hawai%27i+Press+book+series+%22Dimensions+of+Asian+Spirituality.%22+He+has+also+served+as+the+president+of+the+Society+for+Asian+and+Comparative+Philosophy+%282014%E2%80%932016%29.+%28Source%3A+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fresearch.tsadra.org%2Findex.php%2FEthics_without_Self%2C_Dharma_without_Atman+Ethics+without+Self%2C+Dharma+without+Atman%5D%29 +
Alan+J.+Berkowitz+was+the+Susan+W.+Lippincott+Professor+of+Modern+and+Classical+Languages+and+Professor+of+Chinese+at+Swarthmore.%0A%0ABerkowitz%2C+who+chaired+Asian+Studies+and+served+as+the+Chinese+section+head+for+15+years%2C+joined+the+Swarthmore+faculty+in+1989+when+Chinese+was+the+smallest+section+of+Modern+Languages+%26+Literatures+%28MLL%29.+As+the+sole+professor+of+Chinese%2C+he+exercised+wise+leadership+and+worked+tirelessly+to+make+the+fledgling+section+into+a+vibrant+program+and+became+its+first+tenured+professor.+Chinese+is+now+the+second+largest+program+in+MLL+after+Spanish.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.swarthmore.edu%2Fnews-events%2Fmemory-alan-berkowitz+Source+Accessed+June+2%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Dr.+Stephen+Berkwitz+is+an+expert+in+religious+studies+with+a+special+focus+on+South+Asian+religions.+Since+2001%2C+Berkwitz+has+published+dozens+of+publications+relating+to+Buddhism+and+South+Asian+culture.++His+books+include+Routledge+Handbook+of+Theravada+Buddhism%2C+co-ed.+w%2F+Ashley+Thompson+%28Routledge%2C+2022%29+and+Buddhist+Poetry+and+Colonialism%3A+Alagiyavanna+and+the+Portuguese+in+Sri+Lanka+%28Oxford+University+Press%2C+2013%29.%0A%0AHe+is+the+department+head+of+religious+studies+at+Missouri+State+University.+He+serves+as+series+editor+for+the+Routledge+Critical+Studies+in+Buddhism+series%2C+as+well+as+on+the+editorial+board+of+the+journals+%22Religion%2C%22+%22Journal+of+Global+Buddhism%22+and+%22Buddhist+Studies+Review.%22+Berkwitz+has+received+several+fellowships+to+conduct+research+in+Sri+Lanka%2C+Germany+and+Portugal%2C+and+he+holds+several+professional+memberships+relating+to+Asian+Studies+and+Buddhism. +
Lop%C3%B6n+Helen+Berliner+has+been+a+student+of+Mindrolling+Jets%C3%BCn+Khandro+Rinpoche+since+1994.+From+1970-87%2C+she+was+a+student+of+Ch%C3%B6gyam+Trungpa+Rinpoche+in+the+Shambhala+Buddhist+tradition%3B+and+has+been+fortunate+to+receive+teachings+and+empowerments+from+masters+of+the+four+great+lineages+of+Tibetan+Buddhism.+Earlier+training+in+wisdom+traditions%2C+East+and+West%2C+provided+the+foundation+for+her+path.+Ever+grateful+for+the+celebration+of+dharma+in+the+western+world%2C+she+has+worked+as+editor+and%2For+indexer+of+books+by+authors+including+Ch%C3%B6gyam+Trungpa+Rinpoche%2C+Jetsun+Khandro+Rinpoche%2C+Dzigar+Kongtrul+Rinpoche%2C+Ane+Pema+Ch%C3%B6dren%2C+and+others.+Lop%C3%B6n+Helen+has+degrees+in+fine+arts+and+psychology%2C+a+master%E2%80%99s+in+Buddhist+Studies+specializing+in+environmental+psychology%2C+and+is+the+author+of+%27%27Enlightened+by+Design%27%27.+As+a+teacher+of+Buddhism+and+contemplative+disciplines+for+over+forty+years%2C+she+delights+in+sharing+the+magic%2C+challenges%2C+and+ubiquitous+potential+of+the+path+of+practice.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fmindroloselling.org%2Fprograms-classes%2Flopons%2F+Source+Accessed+Jan+7%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Christian+Bernert+%28MA%29+comes+from+Austria+where+he+studied+Tibetology+at+the+University+of+Vienna+until+2009.+He+embarked+on+the+Buddhist+path+in+1999+under+the+guidance+of+Khenchen+Amipa+Rinpoche.+Since+2001+he+has+been+studying+at+IBA%2C+where+he+currently+works+as+language+program+coordinator+and+translator.+Christian+is+a+founding+member+of+the+Ch%C3%B6dung+Karmo+Translation+Group.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fconference.tsadra.org%2Fpast-event%2Fthe-2014-tt-conference%2F+Source+Accessed+Jul+20%2C+2020%5D%29%0A%0AHis+dissertation+was+published+as+a+book-length+translation%3A+%27%27Perfect+or+Perfected%3F+Rongt%C3%B6n+on+Buddha-Nature%3A+A+Commentary+on+the+Fourth+Chapter+of+the+Ratnagotravibh%C4%81ga%27%27+%28v+v.1.27-95%5Ba%5D%29.+Kathmandu%3A+Vajra+Books%2C+2018. +
Alexander+Berzin+%28born+1944%29+grew+up+in+New+Jersey%2C+USA.+He+began+his+study+of+Buddhism+in+1962+at+Rutgers+and+then+Princeton+Universities%2C+and+received+his+PhD+in+1972+from+Harvard+University+jointly+between+the+Departments+of+Sanskrit+and+Indian+Studies+and+Far+Eastern+Languages+%28Chinese%29.+Inspired+by+the+process+through+which+Buddhism+was+transmitted+from+one+Asian+civilization+to+another+and+how+it+was+translated+and+adopted%2C+his+focus+has+been%2C+ever+since%2C+on+bridging+traditional+Buddhist+and+modern+Western+cultures.%0A%0ADr.+Berzin+was+resident+in+India+for+29+years%2C+first+as+a+Fulbright+Scholar+and+then+with+the+Translation+Bureau%2C+which+he+helped+to+found%2C+at+the+Library+of+Tibetan+Works+%26+Archives+in+Dharamsala.+While+in+India%2C+he+furthered+his+studies+with+masters+from+all+four+Tibetan+Buddhist+traditions%3B+however%2C+his+main+teachers+have+been+His+Holiness+the+Dalai+Lama%2C+Tsenzhab+Serkong+Rinpoche%2C+and+Geshe+Ngawang+Dhargyey.+Practicing+under+their+supervision%2C+he+completed+the+major+meditation+retreats+of+the+Gelug+tradition.%0A%0AFor+nine+years%2C+he+was+the+principal+interpreter+for+Tsenzhab+Serkong+Rinpoche%2C+accompanying+him+on+his+foreign+tours+and+training+under+him+to+be+a+Buddhist+teacher+in+his+own+right.+He+has+served+as+occasional+interpreter+for+H.H.+the+Dalai+Lama+and+has+organized+several+international+projects+for+him.+These+have+included+Tibetan+medical+aid+for+victims+of+the+Chernobyl+radiation+disaster%3B+preparation+of+basic+Buddhist+texts+in+colloquial+Mongolian+to+help+with+the+revival+of+Buddhism+in+Mongolia%3B+and+initiation+of+a+Buddhist-Muslim+dialogue+in+universities+in+the+Islamic+world.%0A%0ASince+1980%2C+Dr.+Berzin+has+traveled+the+world%2C+lecturing+on+Buddhism+in+universities+and+Buddhist+centers+in+over+70+countries.+He+was+one+of+the+first+to+teach+Buddhism+in+most+of+the+communist+world%2C+throughout+Latin+America+and+large+parts+of+Africa.+Throughout+his+travels%2C+he+has+consistently+tried+to+demystify+Buddhism+and+show+the+practical+application+of+its+teachings+in+daily+life.%0A%0AA+prolific+author+and+translator%2C+Dr.+Berzin+has+published+17+books%2C+including+Relating+to+a+Spiritual+Teacher%2C+Taking+the+Kalachakra+Initiation%2C+Developing+Balanced+Sensitivity%2C+and+with+H.H.+the+Dalai+Lama%2C+The+Gelug-Kagyu+Tradition+of+Mahamudra.%0A%0AAt+the+end+of+1998%2C+Dr.+Berzin+returned+to+the+West+with+about+30%2C000+pages+of+unpublished+manuscripts+of+books%2C+articles%2C+and+translations+he+had+prepared%2C+transcriptions+of+teachings+of+the+great+masters+that+he+had+translated%2C+and+notes+from+all+the+teachings+he+had+received+from+these+masters.+Convinced+of+the+benefit+of+this+material+for+others+and+determined+that+it+not+be+lost%2C+he+named+it+the+%E2%80%9CBerzin+Archives%E2%80%9D+and+settled+in+Berlin%2C+Germany.+There%2C+with+the+encouragement+of+H.+H.+the+Dalai+Lama%2C+he+set+out+to+make+this+vast+material+freely+available+to+the+world+on+the+Internet%2C+in+as+many+languages+as+possible.%0A%0AThus%2C+the+Berzin+Archives+website+went+online+in+December+2001.+It+has+expanded+to+include+Dr.+Berzin%E2%80%99s+ongoing+lectures+and+is+now+available+in+21+languages.+For+many+of+them%2C+especially+the+six+Islamic+world+languages%2C+it+is+the+pioneering+work+in+the+field.+The+present+version+of+the+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fstudybuddhism.com%2F+website%5D+is+the+next+step+in+Dr.+Berzin%E2%80%99s+lifelong+commitment+to+building+a+bridge+between+the+traditional+Buddhist+and+modern+worlds.+By+guiding+the+teachings+across+the+bridge+and+showing+their+relevance+to+modern+life%2C+his+vision+has+been+that+they+would+help+to+bring+emotional+balance+to+the+world.%0A%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fstudybuddhism.com%2Fen%2Fdr-alexander-berzin+Source+Accessed+Dec+4%2C+2019%5D%29%0A%0AClick+here+for+a+list+of+Alexander+Berzin%27s+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fstudybuddhism.com%2Fen%2Fdr-alexander-berzin%2Fpublished-works-of-dr-berzin+publications%5D
Professor+Bessenger+earned+her+masters+and+doctorate+degrees+from+the+Department+of+Religious+Studies+at+the+University+of+Virginia.%0A%0AAs+an+undergraduate+she+designed+a+major+in+Anthropology+and+Asian+studies+to+complete+her+degree+at+Mills+College+in+Oakland%2C+California%2C+during+which+time+she+also+participated+in+the+School+for+International+Training%27s+Tibetan+Studies+study+abroad+program.+Her+doctoral+training+is+in+the+History+of+Religions%2C+with+areas+of+expertise+in+Buddhist+Studies%2C+particularly+Tibetan+Buddhism%2C+as+well+as+Hinduism+and+Chinese+religions.%0A%0ADr.+Bessenger+lived+for+a+year+at+Tibet+University+in+Lhasa%2C+Tibet%2C+and+received+a+Fulbright-Hayes+to+conduct+research+among+Tibetan+exile+communities+in+India+and+Nepal.+Her+current+research+is+on+the+Tibetan+saint+Sonam+Peldren%3B+this+research+is+culminating+in+a+book%2C+tentatively+titled+Echoes+of+Enlightenment%3A+The+Lives+of+Sonam+Peldren%2C+under+contract+with+Oxford+University+Press.%0A%0AAt+Randolph+College+Dr.+Bessenger+teaches+courses+in+the+history+and+the+auto%2Fbiographical+culture+of+Buddhism%2C+gender+and+Buddhism%2C+the+history+and+visual+culture+of+Hinduism%2C+Tibetan+Buddhist+culture%2C+and+Chinese+religions.+She+enjoys+exposing+Randolph+students+to+Asian+religious+thought%2C+and+is+fascinated+by+the+many+ways+human+beings+publicly+and+privately+think+about+and+negotiate+this+thing+called+%22religion.%22+%0A%0ASource+%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fweb.randolphcollege.edu%2Facademics%2Fmajors%2Fview_faculty.asp%3Fdepartment%3Drelg%5D +
Jonathan+Best+received+his+PhD+from+Harvard+University+in+1976%3B+unusual+for+its+time+it+was+a+joint+degree+from+the+Department+of+Fine+Arts+and+the+Department+of+East+Asian+Languages+%26+Civilizations.+Subsequently+he+has+taught+East+Asian+art+history+at+the+University+of+Virginia+and+Wesleyan+University%2C+but+his+research+and+publications%E2%80%94all+focused+on+early+Korea%E2%80%94have+addressed+religious+history%2C+diplomatic+and+political+history%2C+as+well+as+art+history.+His+current+research+project+is+an+investigation+of+the+manifold+chronological+problems+in+the+earliest+chronicles+of+Korea+and+Japan%2C+the+%27%27Samguk+sagi%27%27+and+the+%27%27Nihon+shoki%27%27.+Having+retired+from+teaching+at+Wesleyan+in+July+2014%2C+he+is+now+happily+focused+on+this+intriguing+and+multidimensional+historiographic+puzzle.+In+part+preparatory+to+the+four-volume+study+projected+as+the+culmination+of+this+research+program%2C+he+published+%27%27A+History+of+the+Early+Korean+Kingdom+of+Paekche%E2%80%94together+with+an+annotated+translation+of+the+Paekche+Annals+of+the+Samguk+sagi%27%27+%28Harvard+University+East+Asia+Center%2C+2006%29.+In+addition+to+enjoying+all+the+rights+and+privileges+attendant+to+being+an+emeritus+professor+at+Wesleyan%2C+he+is+currently+an+Associate+in+Research+at+Yale%2C+a+member+of+the+Steering+Committee+for+the+Early+Korea+Project+at+Harvard+%28now+the+Cambridge+Institute+for+the+Study+of+Korea+or+CISK%29%2C+and+a+Member+of+the+Institute+for+Advanced+Studies+in+Princeton.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fceas.yale.edu%2Fpeople%2Fjonathan-best+Source+Accessed+Sept+10%2C+2020%5D%29 +
Stephan+V.+Beyer%2C+Ph.D.%2C+J.D.%2C+is+a+well-known+writer+and+speaker+on+shamanism+and+spirituality.+He+is+also+a+community+builder%2C+peacemaker%2C+and+carrier+of+council.+He+has+been+trained+and+certified+in+many+areas+of+circle+processes%2C+mediation%2C+and+nonviolence+and+has+offered+peacemaking+workshops+to+a+wide+variety+of+audiences%2C+from+therapists+to+theologians%2C+and+at+Montessori%2C+charter%2C+alternative%2C+and+public+schools.+He+has+served+as+a+Lecturer+in+the+Department+of+Criminal+Justice+at+Chicago+State+University%2C+teaching+undergraduate+courses+and+graduate+seminars+in+restorative+justice+and+in+the+theory+and+practice+of+nonviolent+resistance.+He+lives+in+Chicago.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.simonandschuster.com%2Fauthors%2FStephan-V-Beyer%2F1382842937+Source+Accessed+May+11%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Durga+Mohan+Bhattacharya+was+an+Indian+scholar+of+Sanskrit.+He+had+served+as+a+professor+of+Sanskrit+at+the+Scottish+Church+College+in+Calcutta.%0A%0AHe+was+a+key+figure+in+reviving+many+manuscripts+of+the+Paippal%C4%81da-Sa%E1%B9%83hit%C4%81+and+its+ancillary+literature+like+the+%C4%80%E1%B9%85girasakalpa+after+painstaking+search+over+years+in+Orissa+and+south-west+Bengal.+Durgamohan+Bhattacharya%27s+discovery+of+a+living+tradition+of+the+Paippal%C4%81da-Sa%E1%B9%83hit%C4%81%2C+unknown+until+then%2C+was+hailed+in+the+Indological+world+as+epoch+making.+Ludwig+Alsdorf+went+so+far+as+to+say+that+it+was+the+greatest+event+in+Indology.+Bhattacharya+died+in+1965+leaving+his+edition+of+the+text+incomplete.+This+task+was+completed+by+his+son+Dipak%2C+whose+critical+edition+of+the+first+18+k%C4%81%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Das+was+published+by+the+Asiatic+Society%2C+Calcutta+in+three+volumes+in+1997%2C+2008+and+2011.%0A%0A%27%27%27Early+Life%27%27%27%3Cbr%3E%0AIn+the+early+1900+he+with+other+members+of+his+family%2C+migrated+to+Sahanagar%2C+Lalbag+in+the+district+of+Murshidabad.+The+family+was+poor+and+could+not+send+its+young+children+to+an+English+medium+school.+His+early+education+was+derived+from+tols+and+chatuspathis%2C+where+the+main+subjects+taught+were+Bengali+and+Sanskrit%2C+the+medium+of+education+primarily+being+Bengali.+Durgamohan+was+an+exceptionally+brilliant+student+and+by+the+year+1915+he+had+appeared+at+several+Sanskrit+Upadhi+examinations+and+topped+the+list+of+candidates+for+the+several+examinations+on+Sanskrit+conducted+by+the+Government+of+Bengal.+He+acquired+the+highest+degrees+in+Kavya%2C+Sankhya+and+Purana+and+got+the+title+of+Bhagavataratna.%0A%0ADurgamohan+with+his+widowed+mother+%28Sarada%29+and+only+younger+brother+moved+to+his+maternal+uncle%27s+house+in+Calcutta.+Coming+to+know+about+the+keen+desire+of+Durgamohan+to+study+English%2C+his+senior+maternal+uncle+took+him+to+Suresh+Chandra+Kundu%2C+then+the+headmaster+of+Town+School%2C+Calcutta%2C+an+institution+of+great+reputation.+It+was+an+immense+task+for+Durgamohan+to+achieve+as+he+had+already+reached+the+age+of+16+and+he+was+required+to+complete+the+normal+course+of+ten+years+in+a+single+year.+He+successfully+completed+the+task+and+in+1917+he+sat+for+the+Entrance+Examination+of+the+University+of+Calcutta+and+was+declared+successful%2C+obtaining+a+place+in+the+First+Division+of+successful+candidates.%0A%0AThe+Intermediate+Examination+%28F.A.%29+was+achieved+in+1919+at+the+Vidyasagar+College%2C+the+B.A.+Examination+with+a+First+Class+honours+Degree+in+Sanskrit+from+the+Scottish+Church+College+was+gained+in+1921+and+the+master%27s+degree+in+Sanskrit+was+obtained+in+1923+from+the+University+of+Calcutta.%0A%0A%27%27%27Career%27%27%27%3Cbr%3E%0AAfter+completing+his+studies+in+the+University%2C+Durgamohan+decided+to+take+up+the+educational+line+as+his+field+of+activities.+Having+served+as+a+Professor+of+Sanskrit+in+the+Narasinha+Dutt+College+of+Howrah+for+some+time%2C+he+joined+the+Scottish+Church+College+as+a+professor+of+Sanskrit+and+Bengali+and+eventually+became+the+head+of+the+department+of+Sanskrit+in+the+early+thirties.+In+1952+he+was+inducted+in+the+West+Bengal+Senior+Educational+Service+as+Professor+of+Vedic+Language%2C+Literature+and+Culture+in+the+Postgraduate+Training+and+Research+Department+of+the+Sanskrit+College%2C+which+position+he+occupied+till+the+date+of+his+death.%0A%0AHe+used+to+be+invited+by+learned+societies+like+the+Asiatic+Society+of+Bengal%2C+the+Asiatic+Society+of+Bombay%2C+the+Bhandarkar+Oriental+Research+Institute%2C+and+others+to+deliver+talks+on+specific+topics+particularly+the+Vedas.+He+was+awarded+gold+medals+by+the+Asiatic+Societies+for+his+services+in+the+field+of+Sanskrit.%0A%0A%27%27%27Work+on+Paippal%C4%81da-Sa%E1%B9%83hit%C4%81%27%27%27%3Cbr%3E%0AHe+had+come+to+infer+from+many+sources+that+of+the+four+Vedas%2C+the+Atharva+Veda+and+its+practice+had+not+become+extinct+in+India+as+many+scholars+of+repute+used+to+hold+and+propagate.+To+prove+his+conviction+in+this+regard+he+visited+a+large+number+of+places+all+over+India%2C+and%2C+ultimately+a+few+years+before+his+death%2C+he+was+able+to+locate+a+place+in+Orissa%2C+Guhiapal+to+be+precise+where+he+found+the+Atharva+Veda+to+be+actively+practiced+and+there+he+discovered+several+Oriya+manuscripts+in+which+the+Paippal%C4%81da-Sa%E1%B9%83hit%C4%81%2C+one+of+the+nine+versions+of+the+Atharva+Veda+was+faithfully+reproduced.+The+discovery+was+made+known+to+the+world+and+the+belief+about+the+extinction+of+the+practice+of+Atharva+Veda+was+proved+incorrect.+He+was+hailed+for+his+painstaking+effort+and+perseverance+in+the+unearthing+of+the+Paippal%C4%81da-Sa%E1%B9%83hit%C4%81+as+an+epoch+making+discovery.%0A%0AHe+started+serious+work+on+the+Paippal%C4%81da-Sa%E1%B9%83hit%C4%81%2C+and+publications+also+started+which+received+acclamations+from+scholars+all+over+the+world.+But+unfortunately+Durgamohan+fell+ill+with+cancer+and+died+on+12+November+1965.+His+task+was+completed+by+his+son+Dipak+Bhattacharya+whose+critical+edition+of+the+first+18+k%C4%81%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Das+published+by+the+Asiatic+Society%2C+Calcutta+came+out+in+three+volumes+in+1997%2C+2008+and+2011.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDurga_Mohan_Bhattacharyya+Adapted+from+Source+Mar+25%2C+2022%5D%29
Kamaleswar+Bhattacharya+%28born+on+August+29%2C+1928%2C+died+March+16%2C+2014%29+is+a+French+Indianist+and+Sanskritist+of+Indian+origin.%0A%0AKamaleswar+Bhattacharya+was+born+in+August+1928+in+a+small+village+north+of+Dhaka%2C+capital+of+present-day+Bangladesh%2C+he+was+educated+in+Calcutta%2C+Paris+and+at+the+Sanskrit+University+of+Varanasi.+In+September+1955%2C+with+a+French+government+academic+group%2C+he+came+to+France+to+work+in+the+Indology+sector.+In+February+1962+he+obtained+a+doctorate+of+letters+%28State+doctorate%29+with+the+%22very+honorable+mention%22.+Domiciled+in+France+in+Brunoy%2C+he+died+on+March+16%2C+2014+in+Dhaka.%0A%0A%27%27%27Area+of+%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8Badvanced+research+%27%27%27%3Cbr%3E%0AHis+two+important+researches%2C+%27%27Brahmanic+religions+in+ancient+Cambodia%2C+according+to+Epigraphy+and+Iconography%27%27+%281961%29+and+%27%27Researches+on+the+Vocabulary+of+Sanskrit+Inscriptions+of+Cambodia%27%27+%281964-1991%29%2C+are+considered+by+scholars+of+the+sector+as+classics+and+exemplars+of+Khmerology.+He+checked+and+corrected+for+the+editions+the+translations+of+the+Cambodian+Sanskrit+inscriptions+of+Auguste+Barth%2C+Abel+Bergaigne%2C+Louis+Finot+and+George+Coed%C3%A8s%2C+great+French+Sanskritists.+He+is+one+of+the+few+scholars+with+acquired+knowledge+for+such+a+difficult+mission.%0A%0A%27%27%27Great+specialist+in+Buddhism%27%27%27%3Cbr%3E+%0AAfter+receiving+his+state+doctorate%2C+he+turned+to+more+classical+branches+of+Indology%2C+in+particular+philosophy.+His+long+association+with+Louis+Renou+%281956+-+1966%29+formed+his+philological+point+of+view+and+guided+all+his+research.+His+book+%27%27The+%C4%80tman+-+Brahman+in+Ancient+Buddhism%27%27+%281973%29%2C+based+on+extensive+studies+of+the+Pali+Canon+and+Sanskrit+sources%2C+is+the+result+of+his+extensive+research+on+Cambodia.+And+then+he+touched+on+late+Buddhist+philosophy+including+Madhyamaka+philosophy+and+some+aspects+of+Buddhist+epistemology.+His+translation+of+%27%27Vigrahavy%C4%81vartan%C4%AB%27%27+with+annotations+and+his+articles+on+the+grammatical+elements+of+N%C4%81g%C4%81rjuna%27s+thought+can+serve+as+models+for+scholars+of+future+generations.%0A%0A%27%27%27Rare+logician+of+modern+times%27%27%27%3Cbr%3E+%0AFor+the+past+forty+years+he+has+published+extensively+on+various+aspects+of+Indian+thought%3A+philosophy%2C+logic%2C+semantics+and+poetry.+He+has+amply+completed+his+annotated+translation+concerning+the+Navya-Ny%C4%81ya+%28New+Logic%29%2C+the+Siddha%C3%B1ta+lak%E1%B9%A3a%E1%B9%87a+prakara%E1%B9%87a+of+the+Tattvacint%C4%81ma%E1%B9%87i+of+Gangesa+with+the+D%C4%ABdhiti+of+Raghun%C4%81tha+%C5%9Airoma%E1%B9%87i+and+the+%C8%9A%C4%ABk%C4%81+of+Jagad%C4%AB%C5%9Ba+Tark%C4%81lamk%C4%81ra.+He+also+published+his+edition+of+the+%27%27Tattvacint%C4%81ma%E1%B9%87iprabh%C4%81%27%27+%28Anum%C4%81nakha%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da%29+of+the+Yaj%C3%B1apati+Up%C4%81dhy%C4%81ya.+This+is+the+first+commentary+of+the+well-known+%27%27Tattvacint%C4%81ma%E1%B9%87i%27%27.+In+his+research+on+the+texts%2C+he+emphasized+the+close+relationship+between+the+science+of+grammar+and+philosophical+thought+in+India.%0A%0A%27%27%27Distinguished+researcher+and+professor%27%27%27%3Cbr%3E+%0ADuring+his+career%2C+he+held+important+chairs+and+received+honorary+awards.+Thanks+to+the+support+of+Louis+Renou%2C+he+entered+in+1960+as+a+research+associate+at+the+National+Center+for+Scientific+Research+in+Paris+where+he+retired+in+September+1996+to+the+rank+of+first-class+research+director.+During+this+period+he+also+taught+as+a+visiting+professor+at+Brown+University+%281967-1969%29%2C+the+University+of+Toronto+%281977-1979%29%2C+Vi%C5%9Bva-Bh%C4%81rat%C4%AB+University%2C+Santiniketan+%281980%29%2C+and+Adyar+Library+and+Research.+Center%2C+Madras+%281994-1995%29.+After+his+retirement+he+was+a+Mercator-Gast+professor+at+the+University+of+Bonn+in+Germany.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKamaleswar_Bhattacharya+Source+Accessed+Feb+23%2C+2023%5D%29
Vidhusekhar+Bhattacharya+was+born+in+a+traditional+Sanskrit+Pandit+family+at+Harischandrapur+village+in+MaIda+district+in+1878.+In+1905%2C+with+the+approval+of+Rabindranath%2C+Bhupendranath+Sanyal+invited+Vidhusekhar+to+join+the+asrama.+His+primary+duty+was+to+teach+Sanskrit+to+Rathindranath+and+Santosh+Majumdar%2C+but+he+also+taught+the+little+boys+of+the+school.+Rabindranath+was+impressed+with+his+knowledge+in+Sanskrit+and+encouraged+him+to+learn+Pali+for+a+fruitful+understanding+of+the+Buddhist+period.+In+1919+when+the+regular+teaching+and+higher+studies+programme+was+launched%2C+Vidhusekhar+took+charge+of+the+studies+in+Sanskrit%2C+Pali+and+Prakrit.+Later+he+became+Principal+of+Vidya+Bhavana+college+of+higher+studies+and+research.+When+Visva-Bharati+was+founded%2C+Vidhusekhar+selected+the+Vedic+verse+which+was+to+become+the+motto%3A+%27%27Yatra+visvam+bhavatyekaniam%27%27.+From+1936+to+1942%2C+he+was+Professor+of+Sanskrit+at+Calcutta+University+and+held+the+Asutosh+Chair.+In+1936+he+was+given+the+title+Mahamahopadhyaya+by+the+government.+In+1957+Visva-Bharati+conferred+on+him+%27%27Desikottama%27%27+in+recognition+of+his+contribution+to+Indological+studies.+%28%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.visvabharati.ac.in%2FVidhusekharBhattacharyaSastri.html+Source+Accessed+Jan+20%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Born+on+6+January+1897+in+a+family+devoted+to+Sanskrit+learning%2C+Bhattacharyya+had+his+first+lessons+in+Sanskrit+with+his+father+Maha-mahopadhyaya+Haraprasad+Shastri-a+great+scholar+in+different+branches+of+Sanskrit+literature+and+an+ar%2Ctiquarian.+In+1919+he+took+a+first+class+M.A.+in+Sanskrit+from+Calcutta+University+and+in+1925+Ph.+D.%2C+the+first+such.+from+Dacca+University.+While+his+father+had+guided+him+through+the+different+branches+of+Sanskrit+literature%2C+young+Bhattacharyya+had+in+Professor+Alfred+Foucher+his+preceptor+in+matters+relating+to+ancient+art+forms+and+archaeology+of+India.+He+spent+some+years+studying+Sanskrit+manuscripts+in+Nepal.+While+just+thirty+he+made+his+mark+as+a+scholar+of+Tantra+and+Pratima.%0A%0AIn+1924+Maharaja+Sayaji+Rao+Gaekwad%2C+a+great+patron+of+learning+and+scholarship%2C+took+Bhattacharyya+to+Baroda+to+be+the+General+Editor+of+Gaekwad%27s+Oriental+Series+and+after+three+years+made+him+the+Director+of+Oriental+Institute.+Baroda.+As+the+General+Editor+of+the+Oriental+Series+and+the+Director+of+the+Oriental+Institute%2C+Bhattacharyya+showed+extraordinary+organizing+abilities+as+well+as+erudition.+Part+of+his+time+was+devoted+to+lectures+to+degree+students.+The+Gaekwad+recognized+his+merits+by+conferring+on+him+the+titles+of+Rajya+Ratna+and+Jnana+Jyoti.+He+retired+in+1952.%0A+%0AAmong+his+publications+are%3A+%27%27The+Indian+Buddhist+Iconography%27%27+%28Oxford+1924%3B+revised+edition+Calcutta+1958%29%3B+%27%27Sadhanamala%27%27+%28Vol.+I+Baroda+1925+and+Vol.+II+Baroda+1928%29%3B+%27%27Twn+Vajrayana+Works%27%27+%28Baroda+1929%29%3B+%27%27Guhyasamaja+Tantra%27%27+%28Baroda+1931%7D%3B+%27%27An+Introduction+to+Buddhist+Esoterism%27%27+%28Oxford+1932%29%3B+and+%27%27Nispannayogavali%27%27+%28Baroda+1949%29.%0A%0AIn+his+study+of+the+Tantras+Bhattacharyya+began+with+no+particular+sympathy+for+the+mystic+practices+and+rituals+as+is+evident+from+his+earlier+writings.+With+the+progress+of+his+studies+in+Brahmanical.+Jain+and+Buddhist+sources+he+came+to+an+acceptance+of+the+higher+values+of+the+Tantras.+While+he+was+among+the+first+to+assert+that+the+Hindu+Tantra+borrowed+much+from+the+Vajrayana+and+even+debased+many+Vajrayana+practices.+Bhattacharyya+very+firmly+held+that+later+Mahayana+pantheon+deliberately+and+consciously+incorporated+a+number+of+Hindu+deities.+From+medieval+Hindu+tradition+he+identified+the+Mahayana+deity+Prajna+with+the+Hindu+deity+Sakti.+He+was+as+firm+on+this+as+about+the+nomenclature+Ohyani+Buddha+being+ancient+and+correct.+%0A%0AThe+symposium+on+Tantras+opened+in+this+number+of+the+Bulletin+will+no+doubt+be+poorer+because+Bhattacharyya+can+no+longer+join+issue.+He+had+also+advised+us+to+organize+in+our+pages+a+probe+into+the+nomenclature+Dhyani+Buddha.+Namgyal+Institute+of+Tibetology+benefited+much+from+his+advice+regarding+identification+of+images+and+figures+on+scrolls.+The+publication+RGYAN-DRUG+MCHOG-GNYIS+had+his+guidance+as+our+next+publication+on+iconography+was+to+have+the+same.+%0A%0AIn+retirement+that+is+since+1+952+Bhattacharyya+spent+his+time+on+finding+remedies+and+systematic+cure+for+physical+and+mental+ailments+in+the+Tantric+lore.+A+large+number+of+difficult+cases+were+cured.+Bhattacharyya+c%21aimed+to+have+freely+used+Hindu+and+Buddhist.+Indian+and+Tibetan%2C+formulae+and+spells+He+published+some+books+on+tele-therapy%3A+The+Science+of+Tridosha+%28New+York+1951%29%2C+Gem+Therapy+%28Calcutta+1958%3A+1963%29.+and+Magnet+Dowsing+%28Calcutta+1960%29%2C+For+strictly+academic+class+he+wrote+a+paper+entitled+%22Scientific+Background+of+the+Buddhist+Tantras%22+in+Buddha+Jayanti+Special+Number+of+the+%27%27Indian+Historical+Quarterly%27%27+%28Calcutta+1956%29.%0A%0AAs+an+academician+of+highest+discipline+and+as+an+authority+on+Indian+esoteric+systems+and+iconography+Bhattacharyya+was+held+in+esteem+in+connected+circles+all+over+the+world.+Those+who+came+into+intimate+contact+with+him+found+him+more+a+Bodhisattva+than+a+Pandita.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk%2Fcollections%2Fjournals%2Fbot%2Fpdf%2Fbot_01_02_obituary.pdf+Source+Accessed+Feb+24%2C+2024%5D%29
Venerable+Saddh%C4%81loka+was+born+in+Germany+in+1938.+His+mother+passed+away+at+his+age+of+two%3B+he+then+grew+up+in+the+loves+of+his+father+and+paternal+grandparents.+Since+childhood%2C+he+already+had+the+character+of+a+nature+lover%3B+he+honoured+the+life+of+every+creature+around+such+as+leaves%2C+grass%2C+and+small+animals+like+birds%2C+livestock%2C+and+poultry.+Being+studious%2C+he+read+a+lot+of+books+at+a+young+age%2C+especially+the+books+concerning+the+Buddha%27s+teachings.%0A%0AIn+1964%2C+he+was+officially+ordained+as+a+novice+%28s%C4%81ma%E1%B9%87era%29+of+the+Therav%C4%81da+tradition+in+the+United+Kingdom.+His+preceptor+%28upajjh%C4%81ya%29+was+a+Sri+Lankan+master%2C+Venerable+Saddh%C4%81tissa.+He+studied+Buddhism+in+England+for+two+years%2C+then+continued+his+study+at+Buddhist+Centre+in+Canada+for+one+year.+Later%2C+he+went+to+Thailand+to+acquire+more+knowledge+of+Buddhist+doctrine+and+some+languages%2C+Thai%2C+P%C4%81li%2C+and+Sanskrit%2C+in+order+to+study+Buddhism+directly+from+authentic+scriptures.+He+also+had+a+chance+to+practice+meditation.+He+was+staying+in+Thailand+for+a+couple+of+years+and+was+fully+ordained+as+a+bhikkhu+there+in+1967+with+Venerable+Buddhad%C4%81sa+as+his+preceptor.%0A%0AIn+1969%2C+he+made+up+his+decision+to+go+to+China+to+continue+his+studies%2C+however+he+was+not+granted+an+entry+visa+at+that+time%2C+so+that+he+kept+staying+in+Hong+Kong.+While+being+in+Hong+Kong%2C+he+taught+Buddhism+and+treated+patients+with+Chinese+herbal+medicines.%0A%0ADuring+1970s%2C+Venerable+Saddh%C4%81loka+translated+Buddhist+texts+from+Chinese+language+into+English+for+a+Buddhist+magazine%2C+Visakhap%C5%ABj%C4%81.+Some+of+his+works+are+known+as%3A+The+Question+of+Deva%2C+The+Discourse+on+the+Foundation+of+Mindfulness+%28Chu+Ching+Nien%29%2C+The+Twelve+Kings+of+Birth+and+Death%3A+A+Dialogue+Between+And+Ha-Shan+Shih-te+%28B.E.+2509+-+2516%29%2C+v.v...%0A%0AFrom+1982+to+1997%2C+Venerable+Saddh%C4%81loka%2C+having+compassion+for+the+Vietnamese+boatpeople+being+desperate+and+hopeless+in+closed+camps+and+detention+centers%2C+did+not+mind+long+roads+going+back+and+forth+to+the+centers+with+heavy+loads+of+foods%2C+beverages%2C+medicines%2C+books%2C+etc.+Everyday+he+got+up+in+the+early+morning+at+three+o%E2%80%99+clock+to+prepare+then+bring+the+goods+to+the+people+in+needs.+With+bare-feet+and+shaved-head%2C+on+sunny+or+raining+days%2C+he+patiently+kept+his+routine%2C+visiting+the+suffering+people.+In+hot+afternoons+in+summer+seasons%2C+his+brown+robes+got+wet+with+sweats%2C+but+his+gentle+smiles+were+always+blown+on+his+lips.+For+16+years+long%2C+he+was+not+only+taking+his+great+care+of+material+needs+for+the+detained+refugees+but+also+concerning+about+their+spiritual+practice%2C+helping+them+learning+the+Buddha%E2%80%99s+teachings+and+preserving+Vietnamese+culture.+Therefore%2C+Vietnamese+boatpeople+in+Hong+Kong+affectionately+call+him+as+%22Thay+Tay+Duc.%22+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fterebess.hu%2Fzen%2Fmesterek%2Fsaddhaloka.pdf+Source+Accessed+Aug+10%2C+2021%5D%29
Sumanapal+Bhikkhu+studies+Buddhist+Philosophy+and+Manuscriptology%2C+History%2C+and+Philosophy. +
Shelly+Bhoil+is+a+Brazil-based+writer+from+India.+Her+works+include+a+poetry+book+%27%27An+Ember+from+Her+Pyre%27%27+%28Writers+Workshop%29%2C+and+two+reference+books+on+Tibet%E2%80%94%28co-editor%29+%27%27Negotiating+Dispossession%3A+Tibetan+Subjectivities+on+the+Global+Stage%27%27+and+%28editor%29+%27%27Resistant+Hybridities%3A+New+Narratives+of+Exile+Tibet%27%27+%28forthcoming%29%E2%80%94published+by+Lexington+Books.+%28%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Flifeandlegends.com%2Fkatyayani-translated-by-shelly-bhoil%2F+Source+Accessed+Mar+10%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Somtso+Bhum+is+a+PhD+candidate+at+Northwestern+University. +
Nalini+Bhushan%27s+research+addresses+questions+in+the+philosophy+of+mind+and+language%2C+aesthetics%2C+the+philosophy+of+science%2C+and+19th-+and+20th-century+Indian+philosophy.%0A%0ABhushan+is+co-editor+of+Of+Minds+and+Molecules%3A+New+Essays+in+the+Philosophy+of+Chemistry+%28Oxford+University+Press%2C+2000%29+and+author+of+several+articles+in+that+field.+She+has+also+published+articles+in+aesthetics+and+the+philosophy+of+mind+and+language.%0A%0ABhushan+is+currently+at+work+on+several+projects%2C+including+a+recently+completed+book+on+the+history+of+Indian+philosophy+in+the+19th+and+20th+century+%28Minds+Without+Fear%3A+Philosophy+in+the+Indian+Renaissance%2C+Oxford+University+Press%2C+2017%29%3B+several+essays+on+topics+such+as+conceptions+of+suffering+and+evil+in+Colonial+India%3B+reworkings+of+scientific+concepts%2C+such+as+causality+in+Indian+modernity%3B+philosophical+ideas+in+the+work+of+American+modernist+novelist+Willa+Cather%3B+and+the+work+of+modern+Indian+artist+Amrita+Sher-Gil.%0A%0AShe+teaches+courses+on+Nietzsche%2C+aesthetics%2C+the+philosophy+of+language%2C+mind+and+science%2C+cosmopolitanism+and+Indian+philosophy.+In+addition+to+being+a+faculty+member+of+the+philosophy+department%2C+she+is+a+member+of+the+South+Asia+Concentration+at+Smith.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.smith.edu%2Facademics%2Ffaculty%2Fnalini-bhushan+Source+Accessed+Feb+13%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Kalzang+Dorjee+Bhutia+is+currently+a+lecturer+in+the+Department+of+Religious+Studies+at+Grinnell+College.+He+received+his+PhD+in+Buddhist+Studies+from+the+University+of+Delhi%2C+and+his+current+book+project+focuses+on+the+modern+history+of+Buddhism+in+Sikkim+in+a+global+context. +
Bhamaha+%28Sanskrit%3A+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%2C+Bh%C4%81maha%29+%28c.%E2%80%897th+century%29+was+a+Sanskrit+poetician+believed+to+be+contemporaneous+with+Da%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Din.+He+is+noted+for+writing+a+work+called+the+%27%27K%C4%81vy%C4%81la%E1%B9%83k%C4%81ra%27%27+%28Sanskrit%3A+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%2C+K%C4%81vy%C4%81la%E1%B9%83k%C4%81ra%29+%28%22The+ornaments+of+poetry%22%29.+For+centuries%2C+he+was+known+only+by+reputation%2C+until+manuscripts+of+the+%27%27K%C4%81vy%C4%81la%E1%B9%83k%C4%81ra+came+to+the+attention+of+scholars+in+the+early+1900s.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBhamaha+Source+Accessed+Jan+24%2C+2024%5D%29 +
Ester+Bianchi+holds+a+Ph.D.+in+%E2%80%98Indian+and+East-Asian+Civilization%E2%80%99+from+the+University+of+Venice+%28co-tutorial+Ph.D.+received+from+the+Ecole+Pratique+des+Hautes+Etudes%2C+Section+des+Sciences+Religieuses+of+Paris%29.+She+is+currently+associate+professor+of+Chinese+Literature%2C+Chinese+Religions+and+Philosophy%2C+and+Society+and+Culture+of+China+at+the+University+of+Perugia+%28Italy%29%3B+in+the+past%2C+she+has+also+been+in+charge+of+classes+of+Chinese+Language+%28modern+and+classical%29+and+Sinology.+She+is+external+associated+researcher+of+the+Groupe+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9s%2C+Religions%2C+La%C3%AFcit%C3%A9s+CNRS-EPHE+%282012-%29+and%2C+together+with+Daniela+Campo%2C+directs+the+research+project+%E2%80%9C%E7%95%B6%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E3%80%81%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%9A%84%E6%88%92%E5%BE%8B%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88+%E2%80%93+Vinaya+Revival+in+20th+Century+China+and+Taiwan%E2%80%9D+%28funded+by+the+Chiang+Ching-kuo+Foundation+for+International+Scholarly+Exchange%2C+August+2015-July+2018%29.%0A%0AHer+studies+focus+on+the+religions+of+China%2C+and+particularly+on+Buddhism%2C+both+in+imperial+and+in+modern+and+contemporary+time%3B+her+research+is+centered+on+Sino-Tibetan+Buddhism%2C+Chinese+Buddhist+monasticism+and%2C+more+recently%2C+the+revival+of+Buddhist+monastic+discipline+in+China.%0A%0AEster+Bianchi+is+the+author+of+%27%27The+Iron+Statue+Monastery%2C+Tiexiangsi%3A+A+Buddhist+Nunnery+of+Tibetan+Tradition+in+Contemporary+China%27%27+%28Firenze+2001%29%2C+of+a+general+book+on+the+history%2C+practices+and+cultural+traditions+of+Daoism+%28Milano+2009%29%2C+and+of+the+first+Italian+translation+of+the+%27%27Gaoseng+Faxian+zhuan+%28Faxian%3A+un+pellegrino+cinese+nell%E2%80%99India+del+V+secolo%27%27%2C+Perugia%2C+2012-13%29.%0A%0AHer+main+publications+include+the+following+articles%3A+%E2%80%9CSubtle+erudition+and+compassionate+devotion%3A+Longlian+%281909-2006%29%2C+the+most+outstanding+bhiksuni+in+modern+China%E2%80%9D+%28in+D.+Ownby%2C+V.+Goossaert%2C+Ji+Zhe%2C+eds.%2C+%27%27Making+Saints+in+Modern+China%27%27%2C+Oxford%3A+Oxford+University+Press%2C+2016-+2017%2C+pp.+272-311%29%2C+%E2%80%9CChinese+Chantings+of+the+Names+of+Ma%C3%B1ju%C5%9Br%C4%AB%3A+The+%27%27Zhenshi+ming+jing%27%27+%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%A6%E5%90%8D%E7%B6%93+in+Late+Imperial+and+Modern+China%E2%80%9D+%28in+V.+Durand-Dast%C3%A8s+ed.%2C+%27%27Empreintes+du+Tantrisme+en+Chine+et+en+Asie+Orientale.+Imaginaires%2C+rituals%2C+influences%27%27%2C+Leuven-Paris-Bristol%3A+Peeters+2015%2C+pp.+117-138%29%2C+%E2%80%9CA+Religion-Oriented+%E2%80%98Tibet+Fever%E2%80%99.+Tibetan+Buddhist+Practices+Among+the+Han+Chinese+in+Contemporary+PRC%E2%80%9D+%28in+Dramdul+and+F.+Sferra+eds.%2C+%27%27From+Mediterranean+to+Himalaya.+A+Festschrift+to+Commemorate+the+120th+Birthday+of+the+Italian+Tibetologist+Giuseppe+Tucci%27%27+%E2%80%93+%E4%BB%8E%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E5%88%B0%E5%96%9C%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%3A+%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%91%97%E5%90%8D%E8%97%8F%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E6%9C%B1%E5%A1%9E%E4%BD%A9%C2%B7%E5%9B%BE%E9%BD%90+%E8%AF%9E%E8%BE%B0120%E5%91%A8%E5%B9%B4%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86%2C+Beijing%3A+China+Tibetology+Publishing+House+2014%2C+pp.+347-374%29%2C+%E2%80%9CYam%C4%81ntaka-Vajrabhairava+in+Modern+China.+Analysis+of+20th+Century+Translations+from+Tibetan%E2%80%9D+%28in+G.+Orofino%2C+S.+Vita+eds.%2C+%27%27Buddhist+Asia%27%27+2%2C+Kyoto%3A+Italian+School+of+East+Asian+Studies+2010%2C+pp.+99-140%29%2C+%E2%80%9CThe+%E2%80%98Chinese+%27%27lama%27%27%3Ci%3E%27%3C%2Fi%3E+Nenghai+%281886-1967%29.+Doctrinal+tradition+and+teaching+strategies+of+a+Gelukpa+master+in+Republican+China%E2%80%9D+%28in+M.+Kapstein+ed.%2C+%27%27Buddhism+Between+Tibet+and+China%27%27%2C+Boston%3A+Wisdom+Publications+2009%2C+pp.+295-346%29%2C+%E2%80%9CProtecting+Beijing%3A+The+Tibetan+Image+of+Yam%C4%81ntaka-Vajrabhairava+in+Late+Imperial+and+Republican+China%E2%80%9D+%28in+M.+Esposito+ed.%2C+%27%27Images+of+Tibet+in+the+19th+and+20th+Centuries%27%27%2C+Paris%3A+l%E2%80%99%C3%89cole+Fran%C3%A7aise+de+l%E2%80%99Extr%C3%AAme+Orient+2008%2C+pp.+329-356%29%2C+and+%E2%80%9CThe+Tantric+Rebirth+Movement+in+Modern+China.+Esoteric+Buddhism+re-vivified+by+the+Japanese+and+Tibetan+Traditions%E2%80%9D+%28%27%27Acta+Orientalia+Academiae+Scientiarum+Hungarica%27%27+57%2C+1%2C+2004%2C+pp.+31-54%29.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fvinayarevival.com%2Fester-bianchi%2F+Source+Accessed+Feb+27%2C+2023%5D%29
Desmond+Biddulph+CBE+is+President+of+The+Buddhist+Society%2C+London+%28est.+1924%29+and+editor+of+their+journal+%27%27The+Middle+Way%27%27.+He+is+a+Jungian+therapist+with+a+medical+practice+in+London%2C+co-author+of+%27%27The+Teachings+of+the+Buddha%27%27%2C+and+an+international+lecturer. +
Associate+professor+in+the+Department+of+Religious+Studies+at+Stanford+University.+He+is+a+specialist+on+early+Japanese+Zen+whose+major+work+to+date+is+D%C5%8Dgen%27s+Manuals+of+Zen+Meditation%2C+which+was+corecipient+of+the+1990+Hiromi+Arisawa+Memorial+Award+from+the+Association+of+American+University+Presses+with+the+Japan+Foundation. +
Ina+Bieler+is+a+translator+and+assistant+at+The+Garchen+Buddhist+Institute+in+Chino+Valley%2C+Arizona.+She+is+a+member+of+the+Garchen+Buddhist+Institute+Translation+Group. +
Victor+A.+van+Bijlert+is+Lecturer+in+the+Department+of+Beliefs+and+Practices%2C+Faculty+of+Religion+and+Theology%2C+at+Vrije+Universiteit+Amsterdam.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHlP3zgEACAAJ%26source%3Dgbs_book_other_versions_r%26cad%3D2+Source+Accessed+Feb+27%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Raoul+Birnbaum+works+in+the+interdisciplinary+field+of+Buddhist+studies%2C+with+special+focus+on+China.+Trained+in+visual+studies%2C+history+of+religions%2C+and+ethnography%2C+his+research+is+rooted+in+historical+approaches.+These+studies+have+concentrated+on+three+great+themes+in+the+history+of+Chinese+Buddhist+life%3A+the+major+deity+cults%2C+visions+of+the+landscape+intertwined+with+religion%2C+and+close+examination+of+dimensions+of+the+lives+of+individuals+within+this+religious+field.+Following+an+earlier+focus+on+medieval+times+in+China%2C+in+recent+decades+he+has+concentrated+on+significant+figures+of+the+late+19th+and+early+20th+centuries%2C+as+well+as+the+17th-century+figures+and+phenomena+to+which+they+often+turned+as+the+models+and+sources+for+their+practical+and+conceptual+foundations.%0A%0AThe+largest+on-going+project+focuses+on+the+artist-monk+Hongyi+%E5%BC%98%E4%B8%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%AB+%281880-1942%29%2C+a+remarkably+complex%2C+inventive%2C+and+influential+figure+in+Chinese+Buddhist+worlds.+A+project+on+one+of+his+contemporaries%2C+the+prominent+lay+Buddhist+Gao+Henian+%E9%AB%98%E9%B6%B4%E5%B9%B4+%281872%E2%80%931962%29%2C+is+on+the+horizon.+And+in+a+comparative+vein+as+a+project+parallel+to+the+Hongyi+studies%2C+he+has+been+investigating+the+many+worlds+of+St.+Francis%2C+with+field+research+in+that+medieval+saint%27s+Umbrian+homeland.%0A%0ABirnbaum%27s+work+has+been+strongly+influenced+by+intensive+field+study+over+several+decades+within+Chinese+Buddhist+monastic+communities+and+across+a+wide+variety+of+the+mountain+sites+that+form+the+backbone+of+this+tradition%E2%80%99s+conceptual+geography.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fhavc.ucsc.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fraoul-birnbaum+Source+Accessed+Aug+9%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Anders+holds+a+Bachelors+degree+from+Naropa+University+and+joined+the+Centre+for+Buddhist+Studies+in+2006.+At+CBS+Anders+graduated+with+a+BA+in+Buddhist+Studies+in+2010+and+afterwards+joined+the+MA+program.%0A%0AHis+thesis+supervisor+was+Dr.+Karin+Meyers+and+the+external+reader+was+Prof.+Dr.+Klaus-Dieter+Mathes+from+the+University+of+Vienna%2C+Austria.%0A%0AAnders+also+secured+a+Tsadra+foundation+scholarship+for+his+MA+studies+and+recently+took+ordination.+%28%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fryi-student-blog.blogspot.com%2F2012%2F12%2Fcongratulations-anders-bjonback.html+Source+Accessed+Aug+12%2C+2020%5D%29 +
Lachen+Jel+%28bla+chen+dpyal%29+was+one+of+the+Ten+Men+of+U+and+Tsang+during+the+later+spread+of+the+doctrine+in+Tibet.+His+outer+activity+and+inner+spiritual+accomplishment+was+unrivaled.+He+became+the+head+ornament+of+all+scholars.+He+possessed+all+inconceivable+great+superior+qualities+of+Body%2C+Speech+and+Mind.+Even+a+being+dwelling+on+the+bhumis+had+difficulty+communicating+with+him%2C+needless+to+say+ordinary+beings.+For+the+ordinary+beings%2C+buddha+activity+was+too+difficult+to+fathom%3B+however+he+realized+it+effortlessly.+%0A%0AHis+first+greatness+was+his+heavenly+descended+caste.+He+renowned+as+Jel+%28dpyal%29+after+descending+from+heaven%2C+therefore+his+second+greatness+was+meaning+of+the+name.+His+third+greatness+was+his+noble+mother+lineage%E2%80%94+his+mother+traveled+to+Five-Peaks+Mountain%2C+and+was+related+to+the+King+of+China.+The+fourth+greatness%E2%80%94+he+was+the+dharmic+minister+of+the+manifested+Dharma+Kings+%28chos+rgyal+gyi+chos+slun%29%2C+and+the+grandchild+of+the+ruler+of+gods+and+humans.+His+fifth+greatness+was+his+phenomenal+transmission%E2%80%94+he+received+the+great%2C+middle+and+small+transmission+from+the+manifested+Dharma+King.+His+sixth+greatness+was+that+he+had+the+most+eminent+interdependent+causes+and+conditions%E2%80%94for+example%2C+the+virtuous+royal-brother+bestowed+him+the+sacred+shrine.+His+seventh+greatness+was+that+he+appropriately+approached+the+Secret+Mantrayana%2C+the+profound+tantric+doctrine%2C+and+Vajra+Vehicle%2C+and+he+was+the+escort+of+the+King+with+signs+of+realization+and+magical+powers.+His+eighth+greatness+was+his+well-learned+knowledge%E2%80%94+he+built+many+temples+in+center+of+Myang+Ro+%28myang+ro%29+village+in+Tsang+and+visited+the+noble+land+of+India.+He+overcame+countless+difficulties+and+requested+extraordinary+teachings+from+perfected+and+authentic+scholars%2C+and+also+brought+the+practice+to+completion.+His+ninth+greatness+was+being+able+to+auto-translate+the+excellent+doctrine%E2%80%94he+requested+numerous+sutras+and+tantras+from+perfected+and+authentic+scholars+and+translated+them+properly%3B+also+he+attained+mastery+in+meditative+power+by+attaining+the+imperishable+breath+of+dharmic+sky-goers.+Since+he+became+a+being+of+the+field+of+forbearance%2C+he+benefited+all+beings+for+as+long+as+samsara+is+not+emptied%E2%80%94this+continuous+lineage+of+the+ten+directions+illuminating+the+demonstration+that+transcended+all+directions%2C+was+his+tenth+greatness.+%28Source%3A+%5B%5BDpyal+gyi+gdung+rabs+za+ra+tshags+dang+gang+gA%27i+chu+rgyun+gnyis+gcig+tu+bris+pa+kun+gsal+me+long+bzhugs+so%7C%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%94%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9F%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%89%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%5D%5D%29
Melissa+Myozen+Blacker%2C+Roshi%2C+is+a+Zen+teacher+with+Boundless+Way+Zen%2C+a+school+of+Zen+Buddhism+with+practice+centers+throughout+New+England+and+beyond.++She+is+one+of+the+resident+teachers+at+Boundless+Way+Temple+%28Mugendo-ji%29+in+Worcester%2C+MA.%0A%0ABackground%3A++Melissa+was+born+in+1954+in+Boston%2C+Massachusetts.++Her+parents+were+secular+Jews%2C+who+taught+her+from+an+early+age+to+have+a+deep+appreciation+of+art%2C+theater%2C+music+%28especially+jazz%29+and+leftist+politics.++In+order+to+understand+a+spontaneous+spiritual+experience+she+had+when+she+was+nine+years+old%2C+Melissa+began+a+life-long+exploration+of+religion+and+psychology.+%0A%0AEducation%2C+Work+and+Family%3A++Melissa+is+a+1976+graduate+of+Wesleyan+University%2C+with+a+BA+magna+cum+laude+in+Anthropology+and+Music.+She+went+on+to+earn+an+MA+in+Counseling+Psychology+from+Vermont+College+of+Norwich+University+in+1991%2C+specializing+in+grief+counseling.+In+1993%2C+after+careers+as+a+vocalist%2C+pianist%2C+music+teacher+and+psychotherapist%2C+she+joined+the+staff+of+the+Center+for+Mindfulness%2C+founded+by+Jon+Kabat-Zinn+at+the+University+of+Massachusetts+Medical+School+in+Worcester.++Until+2012+she+was+a+member+of+the+teaching+staff%2C+the+Associate+Director+of+the+Stress+Reduction+Clinic%2C+and+a+Director+of+professional+training+programs+at+the+Center.++She+met+her+husband+David+Dae+An+Rynick%2C+Roshi+in+1977%2C+and+they+married+in+1982.++Their+daughter%2C+Rachel+Blacker+Rynick%2C+was+born+in+1986.%0A%0AZen+training+and+teaching%3A++In+1981+she+and+David+began+studying+Zen+with+the+independent+teacher+Richard+Clarke%2C+a+former+student+of+Philip+Kapleau%2C+Roshi.++After+twenty+years+of+study+with+Dr.+Clarke+she+became+the+student+of+James+Myoun+Ford%2C+Roshi%2C+a+dharma+heir+of+Jiyu+Kennett%2C+Roshi+and+John+Tarrant%2C+Roshi.+++She+was+ordained+a+Soto+Zen+priest+%28unsui%29+in+2004+and+completed+shuso+training+in+2005.++Advancing+through+the+Harada-Yasutani+koan+curriculum+she+received+Dharma+transmission+from+James+Ford+in+April+of+2006%2C+and+was+elected+a+guiding+teacher+of+Boundless+Way+Zen.++After+hosting+a+Zen+meditation+group+in+their+home+for+20+years%2C+Melissa+and+David+founded+Boundless+Way+Temple+in+2009.++Melissa+received+inka+shomei+from+James+Ford+in+July%2C+2010.%0A%0AMelissa+is+co-editor+of+%27%27The+Book+of+Mu%27%27%2C+published+by+Wisdom+Publications+in+April+of+2011%2C+and+her+writing+appears+in+%27%27Best+Buddhist+Writing%27%27%2C+2012%2C+published+by+Shambhala+Publications+and+%27%27The+Hidden+Lamp%27%27%2C+published+by+Wisdom+in+2013+.+.+.+She+is+a+member+of+the+American+Zen+Teachers+Association+and+the+Soto+Zen+Buddhist+Association.%0A%28%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.melissablacker.com%2Fbiography%2F+Source+Accessed+Jul+20%2C+2020%5D%29
Joy+Blakeslee%2C+M.A.+Ed%2C+J.D.%2C+is+a+writer+and+teacher+who+specializes+in+human+rights%2C+history%2C+and+literacy.+Blakeslee+has+worked+in+civil+rights+law%2C+as+a+teacher+for+the+New+York+Department+of+Education%2C+and+as+an+independent+researcher.+She+has+visited+India+many+times%2C+and+is+profoundly+impressed+by+the+strength%2C+determination%2C+and+spirituality+of+the+Tibetan+people.+She+is+currently+co-writing+a+book+with+Dr.+Gloria+Frelix+about+post%E2%80%93Civil+Rights+era+Mississippi%2C+and+corporate%2C+environmental+racism.+Blakeslee+lives+in+Florida.+%28Source%3A+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwisdomexperience.org%2Fproduct%2Fvoice-remembers%2F+Wisdom+Publications%5D%29 +
Kristin+Blancke+is+an+independent+researcher+in+Tibetan+Buddhism%2C+working+many+years+on+the+Italian+translation+of+the+%27%27Hundred+Thousand+Songs+of+Milarepa%27%27+by+Tsang+Nyon+Heruka.+In+her+research+she+evaluates+earlier+texts+about+the+life+and+teachings+of+Milarepa%2C+so+as+to+be+able+to+get+a+more+%27realistic%27+picture+of+this+great+teacher.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Findependent.academia.edu%2Fkristinblancke+Adapted+from+Source+March+19%2C+2024%5D%29 +
Helena+Blankleder+holds+a+degree+in+Modern+Languages.+She+completed+two+three-year+retreats+at+Chanteloube%2C+France+%281980-1985+and+1986-1989%29.+She+is+a+professional+translator+and+a+member+of+the+Padmakara+Translation+Group%2C+Dordogne%2C+France.+Helena+has+been+a+Tsadra+Foundation+Fellow+since+2001. +
Blezer+was+trained+in+Indian%2C+Buddhist+and+Tibetan+Studies+at+the+department+for+languages+and+cultures+of+South+and+Central+Asia+at+Leiden+University+%28MA+1992%29.+His+background+and+training+is+in+philology+or+text-critical+and+text-historical+work.+His+intellectual+proclivities+are+toward+%E2%80%98history+of+ideas%E2%80%99+and+his+present+methodo-logical+expertise%2C+besides+philology%2C+lies+in+what+he+styles+%E2%80%98textual+archaeology%E2%80%99+and+a+narratological+approach+to+history.+In+his+writing+he+bears+a+distinctly+European+Buddhological+fingerprint.+In+his+research+work+he+has+increasingly+sought+communication+with+native+scholarship+and+expertise+and+works+in+close+collaboration+with+traditional+scholars%2C+monks+and+tantric+%28esoteric%29+specialists.+This+%28mutual%21%29+exchange+he+maintains+by+regular+fieldwork+trips+and+also+by+inviting+informants+to+work+%28and+students+to+study%29+with+him+at+his+institute+of+affiliation.+%28Source%3A+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.universiteitleiden.nl%2Fen%2Fstaffmembers%2Fhenk-blezer%23tab-2+Leiden+University%5D +
Jongang+Lama.+See+%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Frimebuddhism.com%2Fcommunity%2Faffiliated-monasteries%2Ftibet%2Ftashi-chothang-monastery%2F+Tibetan+Buddhist+Rime+Institute%5D +
He+was+born+in+the+upper+Nyang+region+of+Tsang.+His+mother+died+early+and+he+was+brought+up+by+a+nun+who+was+a+student+of+one+of+the+great+masters+of+this+time%2C+Tshechogling+Yeshe+Gyaltsen.+Losal+Tenkyong+was+then+eventually+recognized+as+the+incarnation+of+Drubwang+Losal+Tsengyen+%281727-1802%29.+His+education+was+rather+eclectic+and+he+studied+with+the+great+Gelugpa+masters+of+his+day%2C+such+as+Ngulchu+Dharmabhadra+%281772-1851%29+and+the+masters+of+his+own+Zhalu+monastery+%28zhwa+lu%29+as+well+masters+of+Ngor+and+Sakya.+He+became+a+noted+ritual+expert+and+especially+excelled+in+his+practice+of+the+Kalacakra.+Several+of+his+works+are+included+in+such+collections+as+the+%22rgyud+sde+kun+btus%22+and+%22sgrub+thabs+kun+btus%22.+In+his+personal+practice+he+also+emphasized+the+Shangpa+Kagyu+teachings+very+much.+Even+though+he+is+not+mentioned+in+any+Shangpa+lineage+supplication%2C+he+was+of+instrumental+importance+for+the+survival+of+the+Shangpa+Kagyu+tradition+and+even+authored+some+important+empowerment+and+instruction+manuals+which+are+still+in+use+today.+As+the+abbot+of+the+famous+Kadampa+monastery+of+Zhalu+in+western+Tibet%2C+originally+founded+by+the+fourteenth+century+scholar+and+historian+Buton+Rinchen+Drub+%281290-1364%29%2C+he+eventually+managed+to+achieve+the+unsealing+of+the+printing+blocks+of+Taranatha%27s+works+at+Jonang+monastery%2C+which+contain+so+many+Shangpa+materials+of+crucial+importance.+He+was+a+close+friend+and+associate+of+both+Jamyang+Khyentse+Wangpo+and+Jamg%C3%B6n+Kongtrul+Lodr%C3%B6+Thaye%2C+and+passed+on+a+large+number+of+transmissions+to+them%2C+especially+to+Jamyang+Khyentse%2C+who+received+the+full+Shangpa+Kagyu+transmissions+from+him.+%28Source%3A+%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Frywiki.tsadra.org%2Findex.php%2FShalu_Ribug_Tulku_Losal_Tenkyong+RYwiki%5D%29 +
John+Blofeld+was+a+British+writer%2C+public+speaker%2C+and+Buddhist+practitioner.+After+years+of+traveling+through+Asia+and+experiencing+the+spiritual+culture+of+China+and+the+Taoist+eremites%2C+he+became+a+pupil+of+the+Buddhist+master+Hsu+Yun.+Books+he+has+written+or+translated+include+%27%27Beyond+the+Gods%27%27%2C+%27%27Secret+and+Sublime%27%27%2C+%27%27The+Tantric+Mysticism+of+Tibet%27%27%2C+and+a+translation+of+the+%27%27I+Ching%27%27.+He+died+in+1987.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.penguinrandomhouse.com%2Fauthors%2F236850%2Fjohn-blofeld%2F+Source+Accessed+Jan+12%2C+2022%5D%29 +
Anne-Marie+Blondeau+is+directeur+d%C3%A9tudes+emeritus+at+the+%C3%89cole+pratique+des+Hautes+Etudes+%28Sciences+religieuses%29%2C+Paris. +
Dr.+Alfred+Bloom+has+long+been+a+pioneer+in+putting+Shin+Buddhism+in+modern+context%2C+showing+its+relevance+to+men+and+women+of+every+age+and+culture.+He+began+his+life+as+a+fundamentalist+Christian%2C+drawn+to+missionary+work+when%2C+at+the+age+of+eighteen%2C+he+was+sent+to+serve+with+the+Army+of+Occupation+in+Japan.+Hearing+Amida+Buddha+used+to+interpret+the+Christian+term+%22grace%22+roused+his+curiousity.+When+he+returned+to+seminary%2C+he+became+a+liberal+with+an+increasing+interest+in+Buddhism.%0A%0AIn+1957%2C+he+returned+to+Japan+for+two+years+on+a+Fulbright%2C+studying+the+life+and+thought+of+the+radical+thirteenth+century+monk+Shinran%2C+founder+of+Shin+Buddhist+tradition.+From+1959+to+1961%2C+he+was+at+Harvard+University%2C+completing+his+doctorate+and+serving+as+the+first+proctor+at+Harvard%27s+Center+for+the+Study+of+World+Religions.+For+several+years+he+taught+religious+studies+at+the+University+of+Oregon%2C+joining+the+Religion+Department+of+the+University+of+Hawaii+in+1970.+%28Source%3A+%27%27The+Promise+of+Boundless+Compassion%3A+Shin+Buddhism+For+Today%27%27%2C+book+jacket%29 +
Mark+Blows+was+a+member+of+the+Australian+College+of+Clinical+Psychologists+and+Associate+Fellow+of+the+British+Psychological+Society. +
Robert+Bluck+teaches+world+religions+as+an+Associate+Lecturer+at+the+Open+University.+He+has+been+a+practising+Buddhist+for+over+thirty+years%2C+and+has+conducted+doctoral+research+into+the+teachings%2C+practice+and+development+of+different+forms+of+Buddhism+in+Britain.+%28Source%3A+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2FBritish-Buddhism-Teachings-Practice-and-Development%2FBluck%2Fp%2Fbook%2F9780415483087+Routledge%5D%29 +
Mark+Blum%2C+Professor+and+Shinjo+Ito+Distinguished+Chair+in+Japanese+Studies+at+the+University+of+California%2C+Berkeley%2C+received+his+M.A.+in+Japanese+Literature+from+UCLA+and+his+Ph.D.+in+Buddhist+Studies+in+1990+from+the+University+of+California%2C+Berkeley.+He+specializes+in+Pure+Land+Buddhism+throughout+East+Asia%2C+with+a+focus+on+the+Japanese+medieval+period.+He+also+works+in+the+area+of+Japanese+Buddhist+reponses+to+modernism%2C+Buddhist+conceptions+of+death+in+China+and+Japan%2C+historical+consciousness+in+Buddhist+thought%2C+and+the+impact+of+the+Nirvana+Sutra+%28Mah%C4%81parinirv%C4%81%E1%B9%87a-s%C5%ABtra%29+in+East+Asian+Buddhism.+He+is+the+author+of+%27%27The+Origins+and+Development+of+Pure+Land+Buddhism%27%27+%282002%29%2C+and+co-editor+of+%27%27Rennyo+and+the+Roots+of+Modern+Japanese+Buddhism%27%27+%282005%29+and+%27%27Cultivating+Spirituality%27%27+%282011%29%2C+and+his+translation+from+Chinese+of+%27%27The+Nirvana+Sutra%3A+Volume+1%27%27+%282013%29.+He+is+currently+working+on+completing+%27%27Think+Buddha%2C+Say+Buddha%3A+A+History+of+Nenbutsu+Thought%2C+Practice%2C+and+Culture%27%27.+%28%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fealc.berkeley.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fblum-mark+Source+Accessed+May+31%2C+2019%5D%29 +
Virginia+Blum+is+the+resident+translator+at+Drong+Ngur+Jangchubling+Buddhist+Center%2C+and+has+been+translating+and+interpreting+the+Dharma+since+2006+assisting+Buddhist+teachers+around+the+world.+Virginia+is+fluent+in+both+Tibetan+and+Spanish+and+has+been+engaged+in+Buddhist+meditation+and+study+since+1999.+She+has+studied+Tibetan+language+in+a+number+of+immersive+programs%2C+including+a+two-year+translation+training+program+at+Songsten+Library+in+Dehradun%2C+India%2C+the+Tibetan+Summer+Intensive+Training+at+Rangjung+Yeshe+in+Kathmandu%2C+Nepal%2C+as+well+as+the+Tibetan+Language+Intensive+Training+Course+at+the+University+of+Virginia.+She+regularly+participates+in+extended+meditation+retreats+of+both+Tibetan+and+Theravada+Buddhist+traditions+and+is+currently+participating+in+The+Community+Dharma+Leader+Training+Program+at+Spirit+Rock+Insight+Meditation+Center.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fdnjus.org%2Fresident-translator%2F+Source+Accessed+June+24%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Born+in+Los+Angeles%2C+Jim+grew+up+in+Southern+California.+He+completed+his+undergraduate+degree+at+the+University+of+San+Diego+and+continued+to+the+University+of+Wisconsin%2C+Madison%2C+where+he+finished+his+MA+and+PhD+under+the+direction+of+the+Tibetan+Buddhist+scholar%2Fpractitioner+Geshe+Lhundub+Sopa.+His+graduate+studies+focused+on+the+work+of+the+Indian+teacher+%C5%9A%C4%81ntarak%E1%B9%A3ita.%0A%0ABoth+in+his+career+as+Associate+Professor+in+the+School+of+History%2C+Philosophy+and+Religion+at+Oregon+State+University+and+as+Professor+of+Buddhist+Studies+at+Maitripa+College%2C+Jim+displayed+the+rare+combination+of+deep+commitment+to+teaching+and+rigorous+engagement+as+a+research+scholar.+Even+more+unusually%2C+Jim+was+able+to+produce+scholarly+texts+that+were+valued+equally+by+the+academy+and+by+Buddhist+communities.+He+published+analytical+and+translation+works+on+Indian+Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na+Buddhism+based+upon+this+research%2C+including+The+Ornament+of+The+Middle+Way%3A+A+Study+of+the+Madhyamaka+Thought+of+%C5%9A%C4%81ntarak%E1%B9%A3ita+%282004%29+and+Sixty+Stanzas+of+Reasoning+%282004%29.+With+Geshe+Sopa%2C+he+completed+a+translation+of+the+4th+Chapter+of+the+%27%27Lamrim+Chenmo%27%27%2C+and+was+pursuing+the+publication+of+a+translation+of+%C5%9A%C4%81ntarak%E1%B9%A3ita%E2%80%99s+%27%27Madhyamak%C4%81la%E1%B9%83k%C4%81rav%E1%B9%9Btti%27%27.%0A%0AJim+was+a+strong+advocate+for+institutions+of+higher+education+that+strive+to+integrate+the+knowledge+base+of+Buddhist+philosophy+with+meditative+practice+and+service+to+the+community.+In+2004%2C+Jim+invited+Yangsi+Rinpoche+to+Portland%2C+Oregon+to+speak+to+interested+persons.+In+2005%2C+Jim+began+working+alongside+Yangsi+Rinpoche%2C+Namdrol+Adams%2C+and+Angie+Garcia+on+the+founding+of+Maitripa+Institute%2C+soon+to+become+Maitripa+College%2C+which+seeks+to+embody+those+ideals.+.+.+.%0A%0AHis+main+teachers+were+His+Holiness+the+Dalai+Lama%2C+Geshe+Lhundub+Sopa+Rinpoche%2C+Jangtse+Choje+Rinpoche%2C+Choden+Rinpoche%2C+Lama+Zopa+Rinpoche%2C+Yangsi+Rinpoche%2C+and+Chokyi+Nyima+Rinpoche.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fmaitripa.org%2Fjim-blumenthal%2F+Source+adapted+from+an+obituary+written+by+Namdrol+Miranda+Adams%2C++Damcho+Diana+Finnegan%2C+and+Jim%27s+wife%2C+Tiffany%29%5D
Also+known+as+Po-y%C3%BCan+or+Po+Fa-tsu.+A+priest+and+a+translator+of+Buddhist+texts+during+the+late+Western+Chin+dynasty+%28265%E2%80%93316%29+in+China.+He+built+a+Buddhist+monastery+at+Ch%27ang-an%2C+where+he+translated+and+lectured+on+Buddhist+scriptures.+In+305+he+set+out+for+Lung-yu%2C+where+he+intended+to+live+in+retirement.+He+was+killed+along+the+way%2C+however%2C+because+of+his+refusal+to+work+for+Chang+Fu%2C+the+local+governor+of+Ch%27in-chou%2C+and+also+because+of+accusations+lodged+by+someone+he+had+defeated+in+debate.+The+Buddha%27s+Parinirv%C4%81na+Sutra%2C+one+of+the+Hinayana+versions+of+the+Nirvana+Sutra%2C+was+translated+by+Fa-tsu.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.nichirenlibrary.org%2Fen%2Fdic%2FContent%2FF%2F14+Source+Accessed+Sep+3%2C+2021%5D%29 +
%28Chokle+Namgyal%29+%281376-1451%29.+The+twenty-third+abbot+of+Bo+dong+E+monastery%2C+founded+in+about+1049+by+the+Bka%27+gdams+geshe+%28dge+bshes%29+Mu+dra+pa+chen+po%2C+and+the+founder+of+the+Bo+dong+tradition.+His+collected+works%2C+said+to+number+thirty-six+titles%2C+include+his+huge+encyclopedic+work+%27%27De+nyid+%27dus+pa%27%27+%28%22Compendium+of+the+Principles%22%29%3B+it+alone+runs+to+137+volumes+in+the+incomplete+edition+published+by+the+Tibet+House+in+Delhi.+Phyogs+las+rnam+rgyal+%28who+is+sometimes+confused+with+Jo+nang+pa+Phyogs+las+rnam+rgyal+who+lived+some+fifty+years+earlier%29+was+a+teacher+of+Dge+%27dun+grub+%28retroactively+named+the+first+Dalai+Lama%29+and+Mkhas+grub+Dge+legs+dpal+bzang%2C+both+students+of+Tsong+kha+pa.+Among+his+disciples+was+the+king+of+Gung+thang%2C+Lha+dbang+rgyal+mtshan+%281404%E2%80%931463%29%2C+whose+daughter+Chos+kyi+sgron+me+%281422%E2%80%931455%29+became+a+nun+after+the+death+of+her+daughter+and+then+the+head+of+Bsam+lding+%28Samding%29+monastery%2C+which+her+father+founded+for+her.+The+monastery+is+the+only+Tibetan+monastery+whose+abbot+is+traditionally+a+woman%3B+incarnations+are+said+to+be+those+of+the+goddess+Vajrav%C4%81r%C4%81h%C4%AB+%28T.+Rdo+rje+phag+mo%29%2C+%22Sow-Headed+Goddess.%22+%28Source%3A+%22Bo+dong+Phyogs+las+rnam+rgyal.%22+In+%27%27The+Princeton+Dictionary+of+Buddhism%27%27%2C+139.+Princeton+University+Press%2C+2014.+http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt46n41q.27.%29 +
Bodong+Sangye+G%C3%B6npo+was+a+Tibetan+yogi+adept+in+the+practice+of+Si%E1%B9%83hamukh%C4%81.+Though+he+initially+practiced+the+teaching+cycle+of+this+deity+associated+with+Bari+Lots%C4%81wa%2C+through+his+practice+he+was+able+to+encounter+Si%E1%B9%83hamukh%C4%81+and+received+empowerment+for+her+practice+from+Guru+Rinpoche.+This+became+the+basis+for+the+Si%E1%B9%83hamukh%C4%81+cycle+known+as+the+Bodong+Tradition+of+the+Aural+Lineage+of++the+Profound+Secret+of+the+Lion+Faced+%5B%E1%B8%8C%C4%81kin%C4%AB%5D+%28%27%27bo+dong+lugs+zab+gsang+seng+gdong+snyan+brgyud%29. +
Bhikkhu+Bodhi+%28born+December+10%2C+1944%29%2C+born+Jeffrey+Block%2C+is+an+American+Theravada+Buddhist+monk%2C+ordained+in+Sri+Lanka+and+currently+teaching+in+the+New+York+and+New+Jersey+area.+He+was+appointed+the+second+president+of+the+Buddhist+Publication+Society+and+has+edited+and+authored+several+publications+grounded+in+the+Theravada+Buddhist+tradition.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBhikkhu_Bodhi+Source+Accessed+Feb+27%2C+2023%5D%29 +
A+renowned+Indian+translator+and+monk+%28to+be+distinguished+from+a+subsequent+Bodhiruci+%5Bs.v.%5D+who+was+active+in+China+two+centuries+later+during+the+Tang+dynasty%29.+Bodhiruci+left+north+India+for+Luoyang%2C+the+Northern+Wei+capital%2C+in+508.+He+is+said+to+have+been+well+versed+in+the+Tripi%E1%B9%ADaka+and+talented+at+incantations.+Bodhiruci+stayed+at+the+monastery+of+Yongningsi+in+Luoyang+from+508+to+512+and+with+the+help+of+Buddha%C5%9B%C4%81nta+%28d.u.%29+and+others+translated+over+thirty+Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na+s%C5%ABtras+and+treatises%2C+most+of+which+reflect+the+latest+developments+in+Indian+Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na%2C+and+especially+Yog%C4%81c%C4%81ra.+His+translations+include+the+%27%27Dharmasa%E1%B9%83g%C4%ABti%27%27%2C+%27%27Shidijing+lun%27%27%2C+%27%27La%E1%B9%85k%C4%81vat%C4%81ras%C5%ABtra%27%27%2C+%27%27Vajracchedik%C4%81praj%C3%B1%C4%81p%C4%81ramit%C4%81s%C5%ABtra%27%27%2C+and+the+%27%27Wuliangshou+jing+youpotishe+yuansheng+ji%27%27%2C+attributed+to+Vasubandhu.+Bodhiruci%E2%80%99s+translation+of+the+%27%27Shidijing+lun%27%27%2C+otherwise+known+more+simply+as+the+%27%27Di+lun%27%27%2C+fostered+the+formation+of+a+group+of+Yog%C4%81c%C4%81ra+specialists+in+China+that+later+historians+retroactively+call+the+Di+lun+zong.+According+to+a+story+in+the+%27%27Lidai+fabao+ji%27%27%2C+a+jealous+Bodhiruci%2C+assisted+by+a+monk+from+Shaolinsi+on+Songshan+named+Guangtong+%28also+known+as+Huiguang%2C+468%E2%80%93537%29%2C+is+said+to+have+attempted+on+numerous+occasions+to+poison+the+founder+of+the+Chan+school%2C+Bodhidharma%2C+and+eventually+succeeded.+Bodhiruci+is+also+said+to+have+played+an+instrumental+role+in+converting+the+Chinese+monk+Tanluan+from+Daoist+longevity+practices+to+the+pure+land+teachings+of+the+%27%27Guan+Wuliangshou+jing%27%27.+%28Source%3A+%22Bodhiruci.%22+In+%27%27The+Princeton+Dictionary+of+Buddhism%27%27%2C+133.+Princeton+University+Press%2C+2014.+http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt46n41q.27.%29 +
William+M.+Bodiford+is+a+professor+in+the+Department+of+Asian+Languages+and+Cultures+at+the+University+of+California%2C+Los+Angeles%2C+where+he+teaches+courses+on+religion+in+the+cultures+of+Japan+and+East+Asia%2C+and+Buddhist+Studies.+In+addition+to+UCLA%2C+he+also+has+taught+at+Davidson+College+%28Davidson%2C+North+Carolina%29%2C+the+University+of+Iowa+%28Iowa+City%2C+Iowa%29%2C+Meiji+Gakuin+University+%28Tokyo+and+Yokohama%2C+Japan%29%2C+and+ICU+%28International+Christian+University%3B+Tokyo%2C+Japan%29.%0A%0AHe+received+his+Ph.D.+from+Yale+University+%28New+Haven%2C+Connecticut%29+in+the+Department+of+Religious+Studies%2C+where+he+specialized+in+Buddhist+Studies+under+the+direction+of+Professor+Stanley+Weinstein.+In+addition+to+Yale%2C+he+also+received+graduate+training+at+the+Institute+of+Health+and+Sport+Science+%28Taiiku+Kagaku+Kenkyuka%29%2C+Tsukuba+University+%28Tsukuba%2C+Japan%29%2C+where+he+studied+the+intellectual+history+of+martial+arts+in+Japan+under+the+direction+of+Professor+Watanabe+Ichiro%2C+and+at+the+Graduate+School+of+Buddhist+Studies%2C+Komazawa+University+%28Tokyo%2C+Japan%29%2C+where+he+studied+Asian+Religions+under+the+direction+of+Professors+Kagamishima+Genryu+and+Ishikawa+Rikizan.%0A%0AHis+research+spans+the+medieval%2C+early+modern%2C+and+contemporary+periods+of+Japanese+history.+Currently+he+is+investigating+religion+during+the+Tokugawa+period%2C+especially+those+aspects+of+Japanese+culture+associated+with+manuscripts%2C+printing%2C+secrecy%2C+education%2C+and+proselytizing.+Although+many+of+his+publications+focus+on+Zen+Buddhism+%28especially+Soto+Zen%29%2C+he+also+researches+Tendai+and+Vinaya+Buddhist+traditions%2C+Shinto%2C+folklore+and+popular+religions%2C+as+well+as+Japanese+martial+arts+and+traditional+approaches+to+health+and+physical+culture.%0A%0AHe+is+a+member+of+the+editorial+boards+of+%22Cursor+Mundi%3A+Viator+Studies+of+the+Medieval+and+Early+Modern+World%22+%28UCLA+Center+for+Medieval+and+Renaissance+Studies%29%2C+%22Studies+in+East+Asian+Buddhism%22+and+%22Classics+in+East+Asian+Buddhism%22+%28Kuroda+Institute%29.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.alc.ucla.edu%2Fperson%2Fwilliam-m-bodiford%2F+Source+Accessed+June+30%2C+2021%5D%29
Benjamin+Bogin+is+an+Associate+Professor+of+Asian+Studies+at+Skidmore+College.+He+received+his+M.A.+and+Ph.D.+%28Buddhist+Studies%29+from+the+University+of+Michigan+and+spent+six+years+living+in+Kathmandu%2C+Nepal+where+he+directed+study-abroad+programs+in+the+Himalayas+for+American+students.+His+primary+research+interests+are+Tibetan+Buddhist+autobiography+and+the+intersections+of+visual+art%2C+narrative%2C+and+sacred+geography+in+Buddhist+cultures.+He+lives+in+Ballston+Spa%2C+NY. +
Sara+Boin-Webb+is+the+official+translator+of+Lamotte%27s+work.+Her+success+is+attested+by+the+publication+of+her+English-language+renderings+of+Lamotte%27s+%27%27Vimalak%C4%ABrtinirde%C5%9Ba%27%27+%28%27%27The+Teaching+of+Vimalak%C4%ABrti%27%27%2C+London+1976%29+and+%27%27Histoire+du+bouddhisme+indien%27%27+%28%27%27History+of+Indian+Buddhism%27%27%2C+Louvain+1988%29%2C+as+well+as+several+other+works+from+the+French.+She+is+Assistant+Editor+of+the+%27%27Buddhist+Studies+Review%27%27.+%28Source%3A+%C5%9A%C5%ABra%E1%B9%83gamasam%C4%81dhis%C5%ABtra%3A+The+Concentration+of+Heroic+Progress%29 +
Bokar+Tulku+Rinpoche+%281940+%E2%80%93+17+August+2004%29+was+heart-son+of+the+Second+Kalu+Rinpoche+and+a+holder+of+the+Karma+Kagy%C3%BC+and+Shangpa+Kagy%C3%BC+lineages.%0A%0ABokar+Rinpoche+was+born+in+western+T%C3%ADbet+not+far+from+Mount+Kailash%2C+in+1940+%28Iron+Dragon+year%29+to+a+family+of+nomadic+herders.++When+Rinpoche+was+four+years+old%2C+His+Holiness+the+16th+Karmapa+recognized+him+as+the+reincarnation+of+the+previous+Bokar+Tulku%2C+Karma+Sherab+%C3%96sel.%0A%0ABokar+Rinpoche+was+trained+at+the+monastery+founded+by+the+previous+Bokar+incarnation.+He++continued+his+studies+at+Tsurphu+Monastery+in+central+Tibet%2C+main+seat+of+the+Karmapas.+While+still+a+teenager%2C+he+assumed+full+responsibilities+for+the+Bokar+monastic+community.+Then%2C+due+to+the+Communist+oppression+in+Tibet%2C+Bokar+Rinpoche+fled+into+exile+at+the+age+of+20.+In+India%2C+he+became+a+close+disciple+of+Dorje+Chang+Kalu+Rinpoche.%0A%0AUnder+Kalu+Rinpoche%27s+guidance+in+Sonada%2C+Bokar+Rinpoche+twice+completed+the+traditional+three-year+retreat.++During+the+first+one%2C+he+followed+the+practices+of+the+Shangpa+Kagyu%3B+the+second+was+based+on+the+practices+of+the+Karma+Kagyu.%0A%0AIn+Mirik%2C+India%2C+Bokar+Rinpoche+founded+a+retreat+center+that+is+an+important+centre+for+Kalachakra+practice%2C+now+called+Bokar+Ngedhon+Choekhor+Ling.+%0A%0ABrief+bio+available+at+%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.bokarmonastery.org%2Fmod%2Fdata%2Findex.php%3FREQUEST_ID%3DcGFnZT1iaW9ncmFwaHktQm9rYXI%3D+bokarmonastery.org%5D%0A%0AAlso+see+%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.bokarmonastery.org%2Fmod%2Fdata%2Findex.php%3FREQUEST_ID%3DcGFnZT1wdWJsaWNhdGlvbnM%3D+Bokar+Publications%5D +
Stephen+R.+Bokenkamp+specializes+in+the+study+of+medieval+Chinese+Daoism%2C+with+a+special+emphasis+on+its+literatures+and+its+relations+with+Buddhism.+He+is+author+of+%22Early+Daoist+Scriptures+and+Ancestors+and+Anxiety%22+as+well+as+more+than+35+articles+and+book+chapters+on+Daoism+and+literature.+Among+his+awards+are+the+Guggenheim+Award+for+the+Translation+of+a+medieval+Daoist+text+and+a+National+Endowment+for+the+Humanities+Translation+grants.+In+addition+to+his+position+at+Arizona+State%2C+he+has+taught+at+Indiana+University%2C+Stanford+University%2C+and+short+courses+for+graduate+students+at+Princeton+and+Fudan+Universities.+He+was+also+part+of+the+National+985+project+at+the+Institute+of+Religious+Studies%2C+Sichuan+University+from+2006-2013.%0A%0A%E6%9F%8F%E5%A4%B7%EF%BC%88%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E5%88%86%E6%A0%A1%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB%EF%BC%8C1986%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89%E6%95%99%E6%8E%88%EF%BC%8C%E5%B0%88%E9%95%B7%E4%BA%8E%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%AD%E6%9C%9D%E9%9A%8B%E5%94%90%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%8F%B2%EF%BC%8C%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E9%97%9C%E6%B3%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E6%96%87%E7%8D%BB%E5%92%8C%E4%BD%9B%E9%81%93%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E3%80%82%E5%9C%A8%E5%85%B6%E6%BC%AB%E9%95%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E7%94%9F%E6%B6%AF%E4%B8%AD%EF%BC%8C%E4%BB%96%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E4%BA%86%E3%80%8A%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E7%B6%93%E5%85%B8%E3%80%8B%E5%92%8C%E3%80%8A%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88%E8%88%87%E7%84%A6%E6%85%AE%E3%80%8B%E5%85%A9%E9%83%A8%E5%B0%88%E8%91%97%E4%BB%A5%E5%8F%8A%E8%B6%85%E9%81%8E%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E7%AF%87%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87%E3%80%82%E4%BB%96%E7%9A%84%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E8%B2%A2%E7%8D%BB%E7%82%BA%E5%85%B6%E8%B4%8F%E5%BE%97%E4%BA%86%E8%A8%B1%E5%A4%9A%E6%A6%AE%E8%AD%BD%E5%92%8C%E7%8D%8E%E9%A0%85%EF%BC%8C%E6%AF%94%E5%A6%82%E5%8F%A4%E6%A0%B9%E6%B5%B7%E5%A7%86%E7%8D%8E%E3%80%81%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E6%9C%83%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E7%AD%89%E7%AD%89%E3%80%82%E9%99%A4%E4%BA%86%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%9E%E5%88%A9%E6%A1%91%E9%82%A3%E5%B7%9E%E7%AB%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E4%BB%BB%E6%95%99%E4%B9%8B%E5%A4%96%EF%BC%8C%E4%BB%96%E6%AD%A4%E5%89%8D%E6%9B%BE%E4%BB%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BA%8E%E5%8D%B0%E7%AC%AC%E5%AE%89%E7%B4%8D%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E3%80%81%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%A6%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%A6%E5%9C%A8%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E6%96%AF%E9%A0%93%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E3%80%81%E5%BE%A9%E6%97%A6%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E7%82%BA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%94%9F%E9%96%8B%E8%A8%AD%E7%9F%AD%E6%9C%9F%E5%AF%86%E9%9B%86%E8%A8%8E%E8%AB%96%E7%8F%AD%E3%80%82%E4%BB%96%E4%B9%9F%E6%98%AF2006-2013%E5%B9%B4%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E4%B9%9D%E5%85%AB%E4%BA%94%E9%A0%85%E7%9B%AE%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E7%89%B9%E8%81%98%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E5%B0%88%E5%AE%B6%E3%80%82%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fsearch.asu.edu%2Fprofile%2F1078874+Source+Accessed+June+20%2C+2023%5D%29
Jerry+has+been+a+nembutsu+follower+for+some+twenty-five+years+or+so%2C+closely+connected+with+the+San+Francisco+Buddhist+Temple+most+of+that+time.+The+late+Rev.+Ken+Yamaguchi+took+him+on+as+his+unofficial+assistant+many+years+ago+and+opened+the+door+to+many+wonderful+experiences+that+the+average+lay+follower+would+not+have.+He+has%2C+for+most+of+that+time%2C+and+continues+now%2C+to+be+an+active+lay+speaker%2C+mostly+in+the+small+Shinsu+temple+in+Marin+County%2C+across+the+Golden+Gate+Bridge+-+from+time+to+time%2C+he+speaks+at+other+temples.+%28%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.nembutsu.info%2Fpoets%2F+Source+Accessed+Mar+21%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Prof.+Boll%C3%A9e+had+a+long-standing+relationship+with+the+South+Asia+Institute+of+the+University+of+Heidelberg%2C+where+he+habilitated+in+1977+under+Prof.+Berger+%28studies+on+S%C5%AByaga%E1%B8%8Da+1977%2C+Steiner%2C+Wiesbaden%29+and+taught+for+over+two+decades+%281975-1997%29.+During+this+time+he+also+represented+Prof.+Sontheimer+and+Prof.+Berger.%0A%0AHis+teaching+and+research+focused+on+Jainism+and+early+Buddhism%2C+with+a+special+interest+in+Central+Indian+texts+that+had+not+yet+been+translated.+In+search+of+such+texts%2C+he+also+repeatedly+went+on+research+trips+to+South+and+Southeast+Asia%2C+for+example+to+%28present-day%29+Myanmar+and+Thailand+in+the+early+1960s.+He+was+happy+to+share+this+rich+wealth+of+experience+with+his+students+in+order+to+awaken+their+enthusiasm+for+South+and+Southeast+Asian+cultures+and+religions%2C+in+addition+to+providing+a+sound+philological+education.%0A%0ABeginning+with+his+dissertation+on+%E1%B9%A2a%E1%B8%8Dvi%E1%B9%83%C5%9Ba-br%C4%81hma%E1%B9%87a+%28Utrecht%2C+1956%29%2C+Prof.+Boll%C3%A9e+published+numerous+editions%2C+translations%2C+and+indexes%2C+including+%27%27Vyavah%C4%81ra+bh%C4%81%E1%B9%A3ya+p%C4%AB%E1%B9%ADhik%C4%81%27%27+%282006%2C+Hindi+Granth+Karyalay%2C+Mumbai%29%2C+Samantabhadra+Deva%27s+%27%27Ratnakara%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Daka+%C5%9Ar%C4%81vak%C4%81c%C4%81ra%27%27+%282010%2C+Sundara+Prakashana%2C+Bangalore%29+and+%27%27A+Cultural+Encyclopaedia+of+the+Kath%C4%81sarits%C4%81gara+in+Keywords%27%27+%282015%2C+Universit%C3%A4tsverlag+Halle-Wittenberg%29.%0A%0AAs+a+tireless+academic%2C+Prof.+Boll%C3%A9e+was+scientifically+active+until+the+last+day.+Two+of+his+works%3A+%27%27Stylistic+Repetition+in+B%C4%81%E1%B9%87a%CA%BCs+Har%E1%B9%A3acaritam+and+K%C4%81dambar%C4%AB%27%27+%28Feb.+2020%29+and+the+revised+2nd+edition+of+his+monograph+%27%27Gone+to+the+Dogs+in+Ancient+India%27%27+%28Mar.+2020%29+are+published+this+year+by+CrossAsia-Repository+.+.+.+%0A%0AProf.+Dr.+Willem+Boll%C3%A9e+received+the+prestigious+Ac%C4%81rya+Hemacandra+S%C5%ABr%C4%AB+Award+in+recognition+of+his+achievements+and+merits+in+the+field+of+Jainism+%282004%29+and+%5Bthe%5D+Prakrit+J%C3%B1%C4%81nabh%C4%81rat%C4%AB+International+Award+%282005%29.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.herenow4u.net%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D158094+Source+Accessed+July+24%2C+2023%5D%29
Allan+R.+Bomhard+%28born+1943%29+is+an+American+linguist.%0A%0ABorn+in+Brooklyn%2C+New+York%2C+he+was+educated+at+Fairleigh+Dickinson+University%2C+Hunter+College%2C+and+the+City+University+of+New+York%2C+and+served+in+the+U.S.+Army+from+1964+to+1966.+He+currently+resides+in+Florence%2C+South+Carolina.+He+has+studied+the+controversial+hypotheses+about+the+underlying+unity+among+the+proposed+Nostratic+and+Eurasiatic+language+families.+%28https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAllan_R._Bomhard+Source+Accessed+Feb+27%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Nicolas+Bommarito+is+currently+an+Assistant+Professor+of+philosophy+at+Simon+Fraser+University+in+Vancouver.+Before+that%2C+He+worked+at+SUNY+Buffalo+and+was+a+Bersoff+Fellow+at+NYU.+He+has+studied+at+Brown+University%2C+Tibet+University%2C+and+University+of+Michigan.+His+research+focuses+on+questions+in+virtue+ethics%2C+moral+psychology%2C+and+Buddhist+philosophy.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.nicbommarito.com%2Fphilosophy+Adapted+from+Source+Jan+18%2C+2021%5D%29 +
George+D.+Bond+%28Ph.D.%2C+Northwestern+University%2C+1972%29+is+an+associate%0Aprofessor+in+the+Department+of+the+History+and+Literature+of+Religion%0Aat+Northwestern+University.+He+is+the+author+of+The+Word+of+the+Buddha%3A%0AThe+Tipi.taka+and+Its+Interpretation+in+Theraviida+Buddhism+and+coeditor%0Aof+Sainthood+in+World+Religions.%0A%0ASource%3A+%5B%5BBuddhist+Hermeneutics%5D%5D +
Jenny+Bondurant+is+a+Buddhist+teacher+who+leads+workshops+and+retreats+for+people+from+all+walks+of+life+and+traditions.+She+has+practiced+meditation+for+over+thirty+years+and+began+teaching+under+the+direction+of+Ch%C3%B6gyam+Trungpa+Rinpoche%2C+with+whom+she+studied+until+his+death.+Her+teacher+is+now+Anam+Thubten%2C+who+has+ordained+her+as+a+teacher+in+his+lineage.+She+lives+in+Santa+Fe%2C+New+Mexico.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.inquiringmind.com%2Farticle%2F3101_33_bondurant_3-beautiful-loser-shantideva-and-the-way-of-the-bodhisavttva%2F+Source+Accessed+Jan+5%2C+2022%5D%29 +
Grigory+Maksimovich+Bongard-Levin+%28Russian%3A+%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4-%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%29+%281933%E2%80%932008%29+was+a+Russian+historian+specializing+on+Ancient+India+and+the+history+of+Central+Asia.+He+also+published+on+the+history+of+Russian+emigration.+He+was+a+member+of+the+Russian+Academy+of+Sciences+and+was+awarded+the+USSR+State+Prize+in+1988.+In+2006+he+was+awarded+India%27s+third+highest+civilian+award+Padma+Bhushan+which+ranked+below+Bharat+Ratna+and+Padma+Vibhushan+for+his+contribution+in+the+field+of+Ancient+India+history.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGrigory_Bongard-Levin+Source+Accessed+May+11%2C+2022%5D%29 +
Dr.+Martin+J.+Boord+%28Rig-%E2%80%99dzin+rdo-rje%29%0A%0AAs+one+of+Rinpoche%E2%80%99s+%28Chimed+Rigdzin+Rinpoche%3F%29+senior+students%2C+Martin+Boord+is+well+known+already+to+many+people+within+the+Khordong+sangha.%0A%0AVisiting+India+and+Nepal+as+a+teenager+in+1967%2C+Martin+became+a+devoted+Buddhist+and+immediately+embarked+on+the+study+of+Sanskrit+in+order+to+read+the+original+texts.+Receiving+teachings+from+many+of+the+great+Tibetan+masters+of+all+schools+who+had+become+settled+in+India+following+the+takeover+of+their+country+by+Chinese+communists%2C+he+studied+the+doctrines+of+both+s%C5%ABtra+and+tantra.+Over+the+years%2C+he+carefully+surveyed+the+entire+Buddhist+Tripi%E1%B9%ADaka+with+the+lamas+of+Tibet+before+immersing+himself+fully+in+the+guhyamantra+practices+of+the+Nyingma+school+under+the+guidance+of+H.H.+Dudjom+Rinpoche+and+Lama+Khamtrul+Yeshe+Dorje%2C+the+renowned+%E2%80%9Cweather+man%E2%80%9D+of+the+Dalai+Lama+in+Dharamsala.+It+was+whilst+on+a+pilgrimage+with+Yeshe+Dorje+to+Sarnath+in+1973+that+Martin+first+met+with+the+Khordong+Terchen+Tulku%2C+Lama+Chhimed+Rigdzin%2C+with+whom+he+immediately+began+to+form+a+close+bond+of+attachment.%0A%0ASubsequently%2C+Martin+invited+Lama+Chhimed+Rigdzin+to+Great+Britain+in+order+to+inaugurate+his+new+Dharma+Centre%2C+granting+empowerments+and+teaching+the+Byang-gter+Dorje+Phurpa+%28Northern+Treasures+Vajrak%C4%ABla%29+for+the+first+time+in+the+west.%0A%0ALater%2C+moving+from+Europe+back+to+India%2C+this+master+and+disciple+together+translated+a+number+of+Byang-gter+texts%2C+including+hundreds+of+pages+of+Vajrak%C4%ABla+S%C4%81dhana+%28practice+texts%29%2C+which+have+remained+the+major+focus+of+Martin%E2%80%99s+life.%0A%0ATaking+the+Byang-gter+Phurpa+as+his+theme%2C+Martin+went+on+to+study+at+the+School+of+Oriental+%26+African+Studies+at+the+University+to+London%2C+for+which+he+was+awarded+a+BA+in+Religious+Studies+%28Buddhism%29%2C+followed+by+the+degree+of+Doctor+of+Philosophy+in+1992.+His+doctoral+thesis+was+subsequently+published+as+The+Cult+of+the+Deity+Vajrak%C4%ABla%2C+by+the+Institute+of+Buddhist+Studies%2C+Tring%2C+1993.%0A%0AHaving+completed+his+studies+at+SOAS%2C+he+was+awarded+a+scholarship+from+the+Stein-Arnold+Exploration+Fund+which+enabled+him+to+return+to+India+in+order+to+research+the+sacred+geography+of+Sikkim%2C+one+of+the+seven+%E2%80%9Chidden+lands%E2%80%9D+of+Rigzin+Godem.+This+work+was+eventually+published+in+the+Bulletin+of+Tibetology.%0A%0AReading+Sanskrit+and+Tibetan+languages%2C+as+well+as+having+studied+Tibetan+art+for+many+years%2C+Martin+has+acted+as+a+consultant+to+the+Ashmolean+Museum%2C+one+of+the+oldest+public+museums+in+Europe%2C+helping+to+identify+and+arrange+their+holdings+of+Tibetan+cultural+artefacts+and+paintings%2C+and+he+continues+to+work+on+similar+projects+at+different+times+when+called+to+do+so.+The+British+Museum%2C+for+example%2C+requested+his+assistance+when+they+were+offered+a+collection+of+Tibetan+phurba+for+purchase%2C+about+which+they+had+no+specialist+knowledge%2C+and+he+has+collaborated+with+the+makers+of+documentary+films+for+television%2C+etc.%0A%0AHaving+spent+many+years+developing+his+understanding+of+the+Dharma+in+meditation+retreats%2C+in+1998+Martin+was+invited+by+Lama+Chhimed+Rigdzin+Rinpoche+to+accompany+him+as+an+assistant+teacher+on+his+European+Dharma+tour%2C+in+order+to+give+teachings+on+the+Deity+Vajrak%C4%ABla+as+part+of+the+Pfauenhof+retreat+in+Germany.+This+was+so+successful+that+the+invitation+was+repeated+in+the+following+years%2C+so+that+Martin+again+gave+Vajrak%C4%ABla+teachings+in+Berlin+in+1999+and+he+accompanied+Rinpoche+to+Oxford%2C+Wales+and+Vienna+in+the+year+2000%2C+where+he+taught+many+aspects+of+the+Vajray%C4%81na+path%2C+as+well+as+his+special+subject+%E2%80%94+the+deity+Vajrak%C4%ABla.+Since+then+Martin+has+given+innumerable+teachings+on+many+aspects+of+the+Byang-gter+tradition%2C+throughout+Europe+and+the+USA.%0A%0AHe+now+lives+and+works+in+Oxford%2C+pursuing+his+research+interests+with+like-minded+academics+and+Dharma+practitioners+at+the+Oriental+Institute%2C+reading+manuscripts+at+the+Indian+Institute+Library+and+working+on+an+ad+hoc+basis+as+Academic+Visitor+with+those+studying+for+doctorates+in+Buddhist+Studies%2C+etc.%0A%0AIn+recent+years%2C+he+has+completed+a+translation+of+the+most+illustrious+commentary+on+Phurba+practice%2C+known+as+The+Black+100%2C000+Words+%28Phur+%E2%80%98grel+%E2%80%98bum+nag%29.+This+important+text+is+a+report+of+a+group+retreat+that+was+undertaken+by+the+three+masters%2C+Padmasambhava%2C+Vimalamitra+and+Silamanju%2C+in+Nepal+in+the+8th+century.+It+was+transmitted+in+Tibet+by+Padmasambhava+to+Yeshe+Tsogyal+and+the+translation+of+this+text+is+now+available+from+edition+khordong+%28published+2002%29.+He+has+also+expanded+his+work+on+the+Northern+Treasures+texts+to+include+further+research+on+the+Hidden+Lands+of+Rigzin+Godem%2C+as+well+as+the+ritual+cycle+of+the+Greatly+Compassionate+Avalokite%C5%9Bvara.+His+text+on+the+Byang-gter+funeral+ceremonies+of+Avalokite%C5%9Bvara+will+shortly+become+available+from+Wandel+Verlag.%0A%0AAbout+events+with+Martin+Boord+please+visit+our+Khordong+website+in+english%3A+http%3A%2F%2Fwww.khordong.de%2Falt%2FEngl%0A%0ASummary+of+Publications%3A%0A%0AForthcoming+%28Editor%29+The+Guhyagarbha+Tantra+and+its+Commentary+Moonbeams%2C+translated+by+Gyurme+Dorje%0A%0A2017+A+Cloudburst+of+Blessings+The+water+initiation+and+other+rites+of+empowerment+for+the+practice+of+the+Northern+Treasures+Vajrak%C4%ABla.+Vajrak%C4%ABla+Texts+of+the+Northern+Treasures+Tradition%2C+volume+four.+edition+khordong+im+Wandel+Verlag%2C+berlin%2C+2017%0A%0A2015+A+Blaze+of+Fire+in+the+Dark+Homa+rituals+for+the+fulfilment+of+vows+and+the+performance+of+deeds+of+great+benefit.+Vajrak%C4%ABla+Texts+of+the+Northern+Treasures+Tradition%2C+volume+three.+edition+khordong+im+Wandel+Verlag%2C+berlin%2C+2015%0A%0A2014+The+Path+of+Secret+Mantra%3A+Teachings+of+the+Northern+Treasures+Five+Nails%0APema+Tinley%E2%80%99s+guide+to+vajray%C4%81na+practice.+Explanation+of+Rigzin+Godem%E2%80%99s+Jangter+Ng%C3%B6ndro+Zer+Nga+%28byang+gter+sngon+%E2%80%98gro+gzer+lnga%29+according+to+the+commentary+by+Rigzin+Pema+Tinley%2C+translation+and+oral+transmission+by+Khenpo+Chowang%2C+edited+by+Martin+Boord.+edition+khordong+at+Wandel+Verlag%2C+Berlin%2C+2014%0A%0A2013+Gathering+the+Elements.+The+Cult+of+the+Wrathful+Deity+Vajrakila+%28Vajrakila+Texts+of+the+Northern+Treasures+Tradition%2C+Volume+One%29%2C+revision+and+re-publishing+of+The+Cult+of+the+Deity+Vajrak%C4%ABla%2C+1993%0A%0A2012+Illuminating+Sunshine%3A+Buddhist+funeral+rituals+of+Avalokite%C5%9Bvara%0A%0A2011+Editor+The+Five+Nails+%E2%80%93+A+Commentary+on+the+Northern+Treasures+Accumulation+Praxis+edition+khordong+by+Wandel+Verlag%2C+Berlin+2011%0A%0A2010+A+Roll+of+Thunder+from+the+Void+%E2%80%A8%28Vajrak%C4%ABla+Texts+of+the+Northern+Treasures+Tradition%2C+Volume+2%29%0A%0A2010+%28Index%29+Jokhang%3A+Tibet%E2%80%99s+most+sacred+Buddhist+temple%2C+Edition+Hansjorg+Mayer%0A%0A2006+Meditations+on+the+Great+Guru+Padmasambhava%2C+Khordong+Newsletter%2C+Berlin%0A%0A2006+Entering+the+Ma%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Dala+Gates%2C+Tiger%E2%80%99s+Nest+Dharma+Diary+for+2007%2C+Sussex%0A%0A2005+Editor+%28Tibetan+%26+Sanskrit%29+The+Complete+Tibetan+Book+of+the+Dead%2C+translated+by+Gyurme+Dorje%2C+Penguin+Books%2C+London%0A%0A2003+A+Bolt+of+Lightning+From+the+Blue%2C+edition+khordong%2C+Berlin%0A%0A2003+%E2%80%9CThe+symbolism+of+the+gCod+drum%2C+by+%E2%80%99Gyur-med+blo-gsal%E2%80%9D+%28English+translation%29%E2%80%A8+in+Dzogchen+Journal%2C+London%0A%0A2003+%E2%80%9CA+Pilgrim%E2%80%99s+Guide+to+the+Hidden+Land+of+Sikkim%3A+Proclaimed+as+a+Treasure+by+Rig-%E2%80%99dzin+rgod-ldem%E2%80%9D+in+Bulletin+of+Tibetology+39%281%29%2C+Gangtok%0A%0A1999+%28with+Stephen+Hodge%29+The+Illustrated+Tibetan+Book+of+the+Dead%2C+Thorsons%2C+London%0A%0A1998+A+India%2C+P%C3%B3rtico+do+Norte+Exhibition+catalogue+%28contributor%29+Auditorio+de+Galicia%2C+Santiago+de+Compostela%0A%0A1998+%E2%80%9CMa%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Dala+Meaning+%26+Method%3A+Ritual+delineation+of+sacred+space+in+tantric+Buddhism%E2%80%9D+in+Performance+Research+Vol.3%2C+No.3%2C+Winter+1998%2C+Routledge%2FARC%2C+London%0A%0A1998+Editor+%28Tibetan%29+High+Peaks%2C+Pure+Earth%3A+Collected+Writings+on+Tibetan+History+and+Culture%2C+by+Hugh+Richardson%2C+Serindia+Publications%2C+London%0A%0A1998+East+Asian+Books%2C+Tibetan+MSS%2C+Catalogue+19%2C+Sam+Fogg+Rare+Books%2C+London%0A%0A1998+%E2%80%9CTibet%E2%80%9D+%26+%E2%80%9CMongolia%E2%80%9D+in+Encyclopaedia+of+World+Mythology%2C+The+Foundry+Creative+Media+Company+Limited%2C+London%0A%0A1996+Manuscripts+from+the+Himalayas+and+the+Indian+Subcontinent%2C+Tibetan+MSS%2C+Catalogue+17%2C+Sam+Fogg+Rare+Books%2C+London%0A%0A1996+%28with+Losang+Norbu+Tsonawa%29+Overview+of+Buddhist+Tantra+by+Panchen+Sonam+Dragpa%2C+Library+of+Tibetan+Works+and+Archives%2C+Dharamsala%0A%0A1996+Ma%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Dala+Meaning+%26+Method%2C+Kailash+Editions%2C+London+%28unpublished%29%0A%0A1994+%E2%80%9CBuddhism%E2%80%9D+in+Sacred+Space%2C+edited+by+John+Holm+with+Jean+Bowker%2C+Pinter+Publishers%2C+London%2C+New+York%0A%0A1993+The+Cult+of+the+Deity+Vajrak%C4%ABla+%28Buddhica+Britannica+Series+Continua+IV%29%2C+The+Institute+of+Buddhist+Studies%2C+Tring.+%E2%80%A8This+book+is+re-published+as+Volume+One+of+Vajrakila+Texts+of+the+Northern+Treasures+Tradition%3A+Gathering+the+Elements.+The+Cult+of+the+Wrathful+Deity+Vajrakila%29%0A%0A1993+%E2%80%9CTibet+and+Mongolia%E2%80%9D+in+World+Mythology%3A+The+Illustrated+Guide%2C+Roy+Willis%2C+Simon+%26+Schuster%2C+London%0A%0ANOTE+from+Martin%3A+Over+the+years+I+have+had+many+book+reviews+published+in+The+Middle+Way+%28journal+of+the+Buddhist+Society%2C+London%29+and+other+such+journals+and%2C+of+course%2C+I+did+a+fair+amount+of+work+with+C.R.+Lama%2C+the+details+of+which+I+have+forgotten.+These+include%3A%0A%0A%3APadmasambhava%E2%80%99s+teachings+on+the+downfalls+of+tobacco%0A%3AThe+Dragon+Roar+that+fulfills+all+wishes+%28Protector+text%29%0A%3AThe+Violent+Storm+of+Meteoric+Vajras+%28s%C4%81dhana+of+rDo+rje+gro+lod%29%0A%3AA+Gentle+Rainfall+of+Honey+%28s%C4%81dhana+of+Guru+mTshan+brgyad%29%0A%0A%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.wandel-verlag.de%2Fen%2Fdr-martin-j-boord-rig-dzin-rdo-rje%2F+Source%3A+Wandel+Verlag+Berlin+Accessed+July+1%2C+2021%5D%29
Jens+W.+Borgland+is+a+historian+of+religion%2C+philologist+and+Sanskrit+critic%2C+with+a+broad+interest+in+Indian+religion%2C+philosophy+and+language.+His+scientific+activity+mainly+deals+with+illuminating+the+history+of+Indian+religion+-+with+a+special+focus+on+Indian+Buddhism+-+through+philological+studies+of+sources+in+Sanskrit%2C+Pali%2C+Tibetan+and+Chinese.+He+is+particularly+interested+in+Buddhist+monastic+rules+%28vinaya%29+and+Sanskrit+manuscripts+of+texts+belonging+to+the+M%C5%ABlasarv%C4%81stiv%C4%81da+school.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fkatalog.uu.se%2Fprofile%2F%3Fid%3DN17-743+Source+Accessed+Sep+10%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Otgon+Borjigin+teaches+Mongolian+Historical+Documents+at+Northwest+University+for+Nationalities+in+Lanzhou. +
Frederik+David+Kan+Bosch+%28Potchefstroom%2C+Transvaal%2C+17+June+1887+-+Leiden%2C+20+July+1967%29+was+an+archaeological+scientist+and+restorer+of+the+Borobudur+and+Prambanan+on+Java+from+1915+to+1936.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFrederik_David_Kan_Bosch+Source+Accessed+Sep+14%2C+2021%5D%29 +
James+Evert+Bosson%2C+an+Associate+Professor+at+Univerity+of+California%2C+Berkeley%27s+Department+of+Oriental+Languages+in+1963-1996%2C+was+known+to+his+Mongo1ian+colleagues+and+friends+as+Mergenbatu.+A+graduate+from+University+of+Washington+and+a+student+of+Nicho1as+Poppe%2C+Bosson%27s+Ph.D.+Dissertation+was+an+annotated+translation+of+Sakya+Pa%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Dta%27s+%27%27A+Treasury+of+Aphoristic+Jewels%3A+The+Subh%C4%81%E1%B9%A3itaranadhi+of+Sa+Skya+Pa%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Dita+in+Tibetan+and+Mongolian%27%27%2C+the+most+detailed+translation+from+two+languages+to+this+day.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26865352%3Fread-now%3D1%26seq%3D1%23page_scan_tab_contents+Source+Accessed+Mar+22%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Daniel+Boucher%27s+scholarly+focus+is+Buddhist+studies%2C+particularly+the+early+development+of+the+cluster+of+Indian+Buddhist+movements+called+the+Mahayana+and+their+transmission+to+China+in+the+first+few+centuries+of+the+Common+Era.+His+related+interests+include+translation+as+a+religious+genre%2C+with+special+focus+on+the+earliest+translations+of+Buddhist+texts+into+Chinese%3B+Buddhist+Middle+Indo-Aryan%2C+particularly+the+role+of+Gandhari+Prakrit+in+the+earliest+transmission+of+Buddhism+to+Central+Asia+and+China%3B+art+historical%2C+epigraphical%2C+and+archeological+materials+as+sources+for+the+study+of+religion%3B+and+history%2C+theory%2C+and+methods+in+the+academic+study+of+religion.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Freligious-studies.cornell.edu%2Fdaniel-boucher+Source+Accessed+May+20%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Sandy+Boucher%2C+M.A.%2C+has+practiced%2C+written+about%2C+and+taught+both+Vipassana+meditation+and+writing+for+35+years.+Her+books+focus+particularly+on+women%27s+contribution+to+Buddhism+and+participation+in+Buddhist+institutions.+She+leads+retreats+exploring+Creativity%2C+the+Feminine+Divine%2C+and+Healing.%0A%0AHer+latest+book+is+%27%27She+Appears%21+Encounters+with+Kwan+Yin+Goddess+of+Compassion%27%27%2C+a+compendium+of+writings+and+artwork+exploring+a+Western+envisioning+of+the+Celestial+Bodhisattva+of+Compassion+Kwan+Yin.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiritrock.org%2Fsandy-boucher%23%3A%7E%3Atext%3DSandy%2520Boucher%252C%2520M.A.%252C%2520has%2Cthe%2520Feminine%2520Divine%252C%2520and%2520Healing.+Source+Accessed+Mar+22%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Marie-Stella+Boussemart+is+a+Gelugpa+nun+and+a+member+of+the+Ganden+Ling+Congregation%2C+founded+by+the+Venerable+Dagpo+Rinpoche%2C+with+whom+she+has+studied+since+1973+and+for+whom+she+has+served+as+a+French+interpreter+since+1979.+Holder+of+a+doctorate+in+Tibetan+%28Inalco%29%2C+she+has+translated+numerous+works.+She+was+president+of+the+Buddhist+Union+of+France+from+May+2012+to+March+2015.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fbouddhanews.fr%2Fjournaliste%2Fms-boussemart%2F+Source+Accessed+Apr+30%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Born+in+Montreal%2C+Karl-St%C3%A9phan+Bouthillette+is+what+he+likes+to+call+%E2%80%98French-Canadian%E2%80%99%3A+a+Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois.+However%2C+his+studies+have+turned+him+into+quite+a+globetrotter.+He+obtained+his+PhD+%282018%29+in+Indian+Philosophies+from+the+Institute+for+Indology+and+Tibetology+of+the+Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit%C3%A4t%2C+in+Munich%2C+Germany%2C+where+he+was+a+member+of+the+Distant+Worlds%3A+Munich+Graduate+School+for+Ancient+Studies%2C+in+the+division+researching+on+%27coexistence%27.+He+was+then+invited+as+a+Fellow+Researcher+in+Leiden%2C+Holland%2C+after+receiving+a+Gonda+Fellowship%2C+following+which+he+moved+on+to+Ghent%2C+in+Belgium%2C+where+he+was+awarded+a+prestigious+FWO+Post-Doctoral+Research+Grant.%0A%0AHe+received+his+first+M.A.+in+Sciences+of+Religions+at+Laval+University+%282011%29%2C+in+Quebec+City%2C+and+his+second+one+in+Sanskrit+Studies+at+Jawaharlal+Nehru+University+%282013%29%2C+in+Delhi.+He+began+his+studies+with+Journalism+%28Arts+and+Technologies+of+Media%29+in+college+%282002%29%2C+and+Classical+Studies+%28Ancient+Greco-Roman+worlds%29+at+the+BA+level+%282005%29.+%0A%0AHis+current+areas+of+research+focus+on+early+developments+in+Indian+philosophical+doxography+and+list-making.+He+is+also+theorizing+the+Indian+intellectual+dimensions+of+spiritual+life%2C+especially+in+the+scholastic+aspect+of+their+expression.+In+brief%2C+he+has+taken+interest+in+what+he+describes+as+the+%E2%80%98yoga+of+reason%E2%80%99%2C+or+the+%E2%80%98path+of+knowledge%E2%80%99%2C+pursued+by+the+%E2%80%98nerds%E2%80%99+among+yogins.+%0A%0AWorking+under+the+supervision+of+Prof.+Dr.+Eva+De+Clercq%2C+he+is+associated+with+the+South+Asia+Network+Ghent.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fresearch.flw.ugent.be%2Fen%2Fkarlstephan.bouthillette+Source+Accessed+May+24%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Acharya+Emily+Bower+started+meditating+and+studying+with+the+Shambhala+community+in+1987+in+Berkeley%2C+California.+She+went+on+to+live+on+staff+at+Karme+Ch%C3%B6ling+for+three+years%2C+and+then+moved+to+Boston%2C+Massachusetts+to+work+as+a+book+editor+specializing+in+Buddhism%2C+yoga%2C+and+other+spiritual+traditions.%0A%0AShe+worked+for+Shambhala+Publications+for+a+total+of+ten+years.+She+is+fortunate+to+have+been+able+to+work+on+books+with+many+spiritual+teachers%2C+including+Sakyong+Mipham+Rinpoche.%0A%0AShe+lives+and+works+now+in+Los+Angeles+as+a+book+editor+and+publishing+consultant%2C+and+is+a+co-founder+of+Dharma+Spring%2C+a+curated+online+Buddhist+bookshop%2C+launching+in+2017.+She+is+an+editor+for+84000%3A+Translating+the+Words+of+the+Buddha%2C+an+international+non-profit+initiative+to+translate+all+of+the+Buddha%E2%80%99s+words+into+modern+languages+and+to+make+them+available+to+everyone%2C+free+of+charge.%0A%0AIn+her+service+as+a+senior+teacher+in+the+Shambhala+community%2C+she+leads+both+extended+retreats+and+weekend+programs.+She+especially+enjoys+presenting+on+themes+that+bring+practical+application+to+our+wisdom+traditions.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fshambhalaonline.org%2Facharya-emily-bower%2F+Source+Accessed+Mar+18%2C+2022%5D%29 +
Jens+Braarvig%E2%80%99s+main+subject+is+the+history%2C+literature+and+languages+of+Buddhism.%0A%0AAmong+his+publications+on+Buddhism+are+%E2%80%9CThe+Ak%E1%B9%A3ayamatinirdesas%C5%ABtra+and+The+Tradition+of+Imperishability+in+Buddhist+Thought%2C%E2%80%9D+the+main+topic+of+which+is+the+morality+of+Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na+Buddhism%2C+and+%E2%80%9DBuddhist+Manuscripts+in+the+Sch%C3%B8yen+Collection%2C%E2%80%9D+containing+a+rather+recent+find+of+manuscript+fragments+from+Bamiyan%2C+Afghanistan.%0A%0AHe+also+works+with+other+Indian+religious+and+philosophical+traditions%2C+as+well+as+Greek+and+Mesopotamian+religion+in+a+comparative+perspective+and+in+a+general+setting+of+global+and+macrohistoric+cultural+study.+His+studies+are+based+on+comparative+and+philological+methods%2C+and+he+works+with+a+number+of+classical+and+archaic+languages+from+the+Mediterranean+areas%2C+from+early+Middle+Eastern+cultures%2C+as+well+as+classical+languages+of+South%2C+Central+and+East+Asia.%0A%0AHe+is+also+developing+methodologies+for+making+philological+reasearch+relevant+for+cultural+studies%2C+and+he+has+thus+created+an+analytical+internet+tool+%E2%80%93+as+now+available+on+the+internet+as+Bibliotheca+Polyglotta+%E2%80%93+for+understanding+the+role+of+linguae+francae+and+multilingualsm+in+the+global+diffusion+of+knowledge.%0A%0AHe+is+also+active+as+an+editor+and+organizer+of+popular+science.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.hf.uio.no%2Fikos%2Fenglish%2Fpeople%2Faca%2Fstudy-of-religion%2Ftenured%2Fbraarvig%2F+Source+Accessed+Aug+30%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Tara+Brach%E2%80%99s+teachings+blend+Western+psychology+and+Eastern+spiritual+practices%2C+mindful+attention+to+our+inner+life%2C+and+a+full%2C+compassionate+engagement+with+our+world.+The+result+is+a+distinctive+voice+in+Western+Buddhism%2C+one+that+offers+a+wise+and+caring+approach+to+freeing+ourselves+and+society+from+suffering.%0A%0AAs+an+undergraduate+at+Clark+University%2C+Tara+pursued+a+double+major+in+psychology+and+political+science.+During+this+time%2C+while+working+as+a+grass+roots+organizer+for+tenants%E2%80%99+rights%2C+she+also+began+attending+yoga+classes+and+exploring+Eastern+approaches+to+inner+transformation.+After+college%2C+she+lived+for+ten+years+in+an+ashram%E2%80%94a+spiritual+community%E2%80%94where+she+practiced+and+taught+both+yoga+and+concentrative+meditation.+When+she+left+the+ashram+and+attended+her+first+Buddhist+Insight+Meditation+retreat%2C+led+by+Joseph+Goldstein%2C+she+realized+she+was+home.+%E2%80%9CI+had+found+wisdom+teachings+and+practices+that+train+the+heart+and+mind+in+unconditional+and+loving+presence%2C%E2%80%9D+she+explains.+%E2%80%9CI+knew+that+this+was+a+path+of+true+freedom.%E2%80%9D%0A%0AOver+the+following+years%2C+Tara+earned+a+Ph.D.+in+Clinical+Psychology+from+the+Fielding+Institute%2C+with+a+dissertation+exploring+meditation+as+a+therapeutic+modality+in+treating+addiction.+She+went+on+to+complete+a+five-year+Buddhist+teacher+training+program+at+the+Spirit+Rock+Meditation+Center.+Working+as+both+a+psychotherapist+and+a+meditation+teacher%2C+she+found+herself+naturally+blending+these+two+powerful+traditions%E2%80%94introducing+meditation+to+her+therapy+clients+and+sharing+western+psychological+insights+with+meditation+students.+This+synthesis+has+evolved%2C+in+more+recent+years%2C+into+Tara%E2%80%99s+groundbreaking+work+in+training+psychotherapists+to+integrate+mindfulness+strategies+into+their+clinical+work.%0A%0AIn+1998%2C+Tara+founded+the+Insight+Meditation+Community+of+Washington%2C+DC+%28IMCW%29%2C+which+is+now+one+of+the+largest+and+most+dynamic+non-residential+meditation+centers+in+the+United+States.+She+gives+presentations%2C+teaches+classes%2C+offers+workshops%2C+and+leads+silent+meditation+retreats+at+IMCW+and+at+conferences+and+retreat+centers+in+the+United+States+and+Europe.+Tara%E2%80%99s+podcast+receives+over+3+million+downloads+each+month.+Her+themes+reveal+the+possibility+of+emotional+healing+and+spiritual+awakening+through+mindful%2C+loving+awareness+as+well+as+the+alleviation+of+suffering+in+the+larger+world+by+practicing+compassion+in+action.+She+has+fostered+efforts+to+bring+principles+and+practices+of+mindfulness+to+issues+of+racial+injustice%2C+equity+and+inclusivity%3B+peace%3B+environmental+sustainability%2C+as+well+as+to+prisons+and+schools.%0A%0AShe+and+Jack+Kornfield+lead+the+Awareness+Training+Institute+%28ATI%29+which+offers+online+courses+on+mindfulness+and+compassion%2C+as+well+as+the+Mindfulness+Meditation+Teacher+Certification+Program+%28MMTCP%29.%0A%0AIn+addition+to+numerous+articles%2C+videos%2C+and+hundreds+of+recorded+talks%2C+Tara+is+the+author+of+the+books+%27%27Radical+Acceptance%27%27+%28Bantam%2C+2003%29%2C+%27%27True+Refuge%3A+Finding+Peace+%26+Freedom+in+Your+Own+Awakened+Heart%27%27+%28Bantam%2C+2013%29%2C+%27%27Radical+Compassion%3A+Learning+to+Love+Yourself+and+Your+World+with+the+Practice+of+R.A.I.N.%27%27+%28Viking%2C+2019%29+and+%27%27Trusting+the+Gold%3A+Uncovering+Your+Natural+Goodness%27%27+%28SoundsTrue%2C+6%2F2021%29.+She+has+a+son%2C+Narayan%2C+and+lives+in+Great+Falls%2C+VA%2C+with+her+husband%2C+Jonathan+Foust+and+their+dog%2C+kd.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.tarabrach.com%2Fabout%2F+Source+Accessed+Jan+19%2C+2022%5D%29
Drakar+Lobzang+Palden+Tendzin+Nyendrak+%28Brag+dkar+blo+bzang+dpal+ldan+bstan+%27dzin+snyan+grags+1866%E2%80%931928%29+of+Trehor+Kardz%C3%A9+wrote+a+refutation+of+Mipam+Rinpoche%27s+commentary+on+the+ninth+chapter+of+the+%27%27Bodhicary%C4%81vat%C4%81ra%27%27.+He+was+also+a+disciple+of+the+Longchen+Nyingtik+master+Ragang+Ch%C3%B6pa%2C+and+a+teacher+of+Amdo+Geshe+Jampal+Rolw%C3%A9+Lodr%C3%B6.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.rigpawiki.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DDrakkar_Lobzang_Palden+Adapted+from+Source+Oct+4%2C+2022%5D%29 +
Khenpo+Drayab+Lodr%C3%B6+Gyaltsen+%28Tib.+%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%2C+Wyl.+brag+g.yab+blo+gros+rgyal+mtshan%29+%28d.+early+1960s%3F%29+-+He+came+from+Drayab+Sakya+Monastery.+His+main+teachers+were+%C3%96nt%C3%B6+Khyenrab+Ch%C3%B6kyi+%C3%96zer%2C+Gapa+Khenpo+Jamgyal+and+Gat%C3%B6n+Ngawang+Lekpa+and+Jamyang+Khyentse+Ch%C3%B6kyi+Lodr%C3%B6.+He+was+the+fifth+khenpo+at+Dzongsar+Shedra%2C+from+ca.+1939-1943.%0A%0AHe+taught+just+like+%C3%96nt%C3%B6+Khyenrab+Ch%C3%B6kyi+%C3%96zer%2C+who%2C+it+is+said%2C+taught+exactly+like+Khenpo+Shenga.+He+spent+many+years+in+prison%2C+were+he+was+tortured%2C+but+he+taught+his+fellow+inmates+whenever+he+had+an+opportunity.%0A%0A%3Ch5%3EWritings%3C%2Fh5%3E%0AHe+composed+a+commentary+on+the+ninth+chapter+of+the+%27%27Bodhicharyavatara%27%27.+He+also+wrote+a+commentary+to+Sakya+Pandita%27s+%27%27Treasury+of+Valid+Reasoning%27%27%2C+which+has+not+survived.+%28Source%3A+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.rigpawiki.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DKhenpo_Drayab_Lodr%25C3%25B6+Rigpa+Wiki%5D%29 +
Lara+Braitstein+is+Associate+Professor+of+Indian+and+Tibetan+Buddhism+at+McGill+University.+She+has+also+taught+at+the+Karmapa+International+Buddhist+Institute+%28K.I.B.I.%29+in+New+Delhi%2C+and+the+Rangjung+Yeshe+Institute+in+Kathmandu.+She+teaches+Mahayana+%26+Vajrayana+Buddhist+Philosophy%2C+Buddhist+Hagiography%2C+and+Tibetan%2FHimalayan+Buddhist+literature+and+historiography.+She+translated+the+14th+Shamarpa%E2%80%99s+%27%27The+Path+to+Awakening%27%27%2C+and+is+the+author+of+%27%27The+Adamantine+Songs%27%27%3A+Study%2C+Translation%2C+and+Tibetan+Critical+Edition%2C+a+study+of+Saraha%E2%80%99s+Mahamudra+poems.+Her+recent+research+is+a+study+dedicated+to+untangling+the+history+and+representation+of+the+10th+Shamarpa+Chodrup+Gyatso+%281742-1792%29.%0A%0AHer+research+has+been+supported+by+SSHRC+%282008-11%29+and+Bukky%C5%8D+Dend%C5%8D+Ky%C5%8Dkai+%282009%29%2C+and+she+is+a+member+of+the+FRQSC+funded+research+group+Groupe+de+recherche+interuniversitaire+sur+le+Tibet+et+l%E2%80%99Himalaya+%28GRITH%29%2C+an+initiative+that+brings+together+academics+in+Qu%C3%A9bec+carrying+out+research+about+the+greater+Himalayan+region+%28https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grith.fss.ulaval.ca%2Fen%29.+%0A%0A%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcgill.ca%2Freligiousstudies%2Flara-e-braitstein+Source%3A+Adapted+from+McGill+University+Webpage%5D%29 +
Joshua+is+a+doctoral+candidate+in+Buddhist+Studies+at+Northwestern+University.+His+dissertation+research+considers+the+gendered+dimensions+of+tantric+ritual%2C+narrative%2C+and+ideology+in+Tibetan+Vajray%C4%81na+Buddhism%2C+with+particular+interest+in+the+role+of+masculinity+in+tantric+Buddhist+subject+formation.+His+dissertation+focuses+on+the+life+and+writings+of+Do+Khyents%C3%A9+Yesh%C3%A9+Dorj%C3%A9%2C+the+deer-hunting%2C+alcohol-drinking%2C+gun-wielding+tantric+master+from+the+Golok+region+of+eastern+Tibet.+He+holds+an+M.A.+in+Buddhist+Studies+from+the+University+of+Colorado+Boulder%2C++an+M.Div.+in+Indo-Tibetan+Buddhism+from+Naropa+University%2C+and+a+B.A.+in+Religious+Studies+from+Georgetown.+He+is+advised+by+Sarah+Jacoby.%0A%0AJoshua+currently+serves+as+the+Graduate+Coordinator+for+the+Khyentse+Foundation+Buddhist+Studies+Lecture+Series+at+Northwestern.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Freligious-studies.northwestern.edu%2Fpeople%2Fgraduate-students%2Fjoshua-shelton.html+Source+Accessed+Oct.+31%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Filippo+Brambilla+is+a+PhD+candidate+at+the+Department+of+South+Asian%2C+Tibetan+and+Buddhist+Studies+of+the+University+of+Vienna.+He+is+currently+writing+his+dissertation+on+Tshogs+gnyis+rgya+mtsho+%281880%E2%80%931940%29%2C+a+late+Jo+nang+scholar+whose+philosophical+works+are+characterized+by+a+distinctive+approach+that+reconciles+typically+rang+stong+positions+with+more+orthodox+Jo+nang+views.+Filippo%E2%80%99s+PhD+thesis+will+include+a+complete+edition+and+translation+of+Tshogs+gnyis+rgya+mtsho%E2%80%99s+Illuminating+Light+%28%27%27Rab+gsal+snang%27%27%29.+Recently%2C+Filippo+also+started+working+as+a+researcher+in+the+FWF+funded+project+%E2%80%9CEmptiness+of+Other+%28gZhan+stong%29+in+the+Early+Jo+nang+Tradition.%E2%80%9D+He+holds+a+BA+and+an+MA+in+Languages+and+Cultures+of+Eastern+Asia%2C+with+specialization+in+Chinese+language+and+culture%2C+from+Ca%E2%80%99+Foscari+University+of+Venice.+Filippo+has+also+spent+long+periods+of+study+and+research+in+China+and+Eastern+Tibet.+%28Source%3A+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fconference.tsadra.org%2Fsession%2Fempty-of-true-existence-yet-full-of-qualities-tshogs-gnyis-rgya-mtsho-1880-1940-on-buddha-nature%2F+Tath%C4%81gatagarbha+Across+Asia%5D%29 +
Francis+Brassard+is+from+Quebec%2C+Canada.+He+received+his+PhD+from+McGill+University+in+religious+studies.+He+also+studied+at+the+Institut+f%C3%BCr+Kultur+und+Geschichte+Indiens+und+Tibets%2C+Hamburg+University.+His+research+interests+include+Buddhist+philosophy+and+psychology%2C+comparative+religions+and+philosophies%2C+and+interreligious+dialogue.+His+book%2C+%27%27The+Concept+of+Bodhicitta+in+%C5%9A%C4%81ntideva%27s+Bodhicary%C4%81vat%C4%81ra%27%27%2C+was+published+by+the+State+University+of+New+York+Press+%282000%29.+Some+of+his+other+publication+titles+include%3A+%22Buddhism%22+in+A+Catholic+Engagement+with+the+World+Religions%2C+Maryknoll%2C+New+York%3A+Orbis+Book+%282010%29%2C+%E2%80%9CAsking+the+Right+Question%E2%80%9D+in+Asian+Texts+-+Asian+Contexts%3A+Encountering+the+Philosophies+and+Religions+of+Asia.%2C+Albany%3A+SUNY+Press+%282010%29%2C+%E2%80%9COn+the+Origin+of+Religious+Discourse%E2%80%9D+in+The+Dialectics+of+the+Religious+%26+the+Secular%3A+Studies+on+the+Future+of+Religion.+Koninklijke+Brill+NV+%282014%29+and+%E2%80%9CRu%C4%91er+Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87+and+the+Structure+of+the+Experience+of+Scientific+Discovery%E2%80%9D+in+Cadmus%2C+Vol.+2%2C+6%2C+%28May+2016%29.+He+has+taught+at+Berry+College+in+Rome%2C+Georgia+%28USA%29+and+Miyazaki+International+College+in+Japan.+Francis+Brassard+is+a+Lecturer+at+RIT+Croatia+%28Dubrovnik+campus%29.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Fin%2Ffrancis-brassard-50992339%2F+Source+Accessed+Jan+6%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Martin+Brauen%2C+Ph.D.%2C+is+Lecturer+and+Head+of+the+Department+of+Tibet%2C+Himalaya%2C+and+Far+East+at+the+Ethnographic+Museum+of+the+University+of+Zurich%2C+Switzerland.+He+studied+Cultural+and+Social+Anthropology%2C+History+of+Religions%2C+and+Buddhism+at+Zurich+and+Delhi+Universities.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.abebooks.com%2FMandala-Sacred-Circle-Tibetan-Buddhism-Brauen%2F31252551924%2Fbd+Source+Accessed+Mar+7%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Born+in+1953%2C+Sonam+Dolma+Brauen+spent+the+first+six+years+of+her+life+in+Tibet.+Due+to+the+Chinese+occupation+of+Tibet%2C+she+fled+across+the+Himalayan+mountains+with+her+family+to+India+in+1959.+From+the+age+of+seven%2C+Sonam+joined+her+mother+in+working+in+road+construction+to+support+their+family.+She+began+attending+school+for+the+first+time+at+age+13%2C+learning+English+and+basic+studies+at+an+English+Medium+School+in+India.+At+the+age+of+19%2C+Sonam+and+her+mother+emigrated+to+Switzerland%2C+where+she+married+Swiss+anthropologist+and+curator+Martin+Brauen.+They+have+two+children.%0A%0ASonam+began+her+training+in+1990%2C+studying+at+Art+School+Bern+with+Arthur+Freuler%2C+Leopold+Schropp%2C+Mariann+Bissegger%2C+and+most+significantly%2C+Serge+Fausto+Sommer.+The+majority+of+her+paintings+are+abstract.+They+are+illusory+appearances+following+the+Buddhist+belief+that+all+appearance+is+ultimately+illusory.%0A%0AAfter+moving+to+New+York+City+in+2008%2C+where+she+lived+for+four+years%2C+she+began+working+more+with+installations+using+materials+and+objects+like+used+monk+robes+from+Asia%2C+plaster%2C+empty+amunition+shells.+Provocative+works+utilize+teeth+and+used+ammunition+in+pieces+that+comment+on+contemporary+society.%0A%0AHer+installations+express+ongoing+themes+that+preoccupy+her%3A+Machoism+and+its+relation+to+power%2C+money+and+war%3B+and+the+political+situation+in+her+home+country+Tibet.+%0A%0AHer+work+has+been+shown+worldwide+alongside+artists+such+as++Bill+Viola+and+Zhang+Huan%2C+Jenny+Holzer%2C+Kiki+Smith+and+Robert+Longo+among+others.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.sonambrauen.net%2Fbio+Source+Accessed+Oct.+31%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Torkel+Brekke+works+part-time+as+a+religious+historian+in+Civita+and+head+of+the+Civita+Academy.+Brekke+is+professor+of+cultural+and+religious+diversity+at+the+Institute+for+International+Studies+and+Interpreter+Education+at+OsloMet.+Brekke+is+also+associated+with+the+Institute+for+Peace+Research+%28PRIO%29.+In+2007%2C+Brekke+became+professor+of+religious+history+and+South+Asian+area+studies+at+the+Department+of+Cultural+Studies+and+Oriental+Languages+%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8Bat+the+University+of+Oslo.+He+has+a+PhD+from+the+University+of+Oxford%2C+and+has+written+and+edited+a+number+of+books+and+articles+on+the+relationship+between+culture+and+politics.+He+has+worked+as+an+adviser+in+the+Ministry+of+Defence%2C+and+has+had+several+types+of+engagements+for+the+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs.+He+is+a+regular+writer+for+Dagbladet%2C+and+sits+on+the+Swedish+Science+Council.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fcivita.no%2Fperson%2Ftorkel-brekke%2F+Source+Accessed+Mar+22%2C+2023%5D%29 +
2014+-+present%0AProfessor%2C+Department+of+Philosophy+and+Religious+Studies%2C+Norwegian+University+of+Science+and+Technology%2C+Trondheim+%28Norway%29%0A%0A2008+-+2014%0AProfessor%2C+Chair+for+Religious+Studies%2C+Ruhr-Universit%C3%A4t+Bochum%2C+Bochum+%28Germany%29%0A%0A2008%0ASenior+Assistant%2C+Institute+for+the+Science+of+Religion+and+Central+Asian+Studies%2C+University+of+Bern%2C+Bern+%28Switzerland%29%0A%0A2001+-+2007%0AAssistant%2C+Institute+for+the+Science+of+Religion+and+Central+Asian+Studies%2C+University+of+Bern++%0A%0A2000+-+2001%0ATemporary+lecturer%2C+Institute+for+the+Science+of+Religion+and+Central+Asian+Studies%2C+University+of+Bern%2C+Bern+%0A%0A2000+-+2001%0AAssistant%2C+Department+of+Indian+and+Buddhist+Studies%2C+Georg-August-University%2C+G%C3%B6ttingen+%28Germany%29%0A%0A%E2%80%8B1998+-+2001%0ATemporary+lecturer%2C+Department+of+Religious+Studies%2C+Georg-August-University%2C+G%C3%B6ttingen+%0A%0A1998+-+2000%0ATemporary+lecturer%2C+Department+of+Indian+and+Buddhist+Studies%2C+Georg-August-University%2C+G%C3%B6ttingen++%0A%0A%E2%80%8B2000%0APhd+%28Dr.+phil.%29%2C+Indology%2C+Tibetology%2C+Study+of+Religions%2C+Georg-August-University%2C+G%C3%B6ttingen++%0A%0A%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.multiple-secularities.de%2Fteam%2Fprof-dr-sven-bretfeld%2F+Source+Accessed+on+May+4%2C+2020%5D%29 +
Michael+M.+Broido+%28Ph.D.%2C+Cambridge+University%2C+1967%29+is+Senior%0AResearch+Fellow+in+Linguistics+at+Magdalen+College%2C+University+of%0AOxford.+His+research+has+included+work+on+Tibetan+interpretations+of%0AMadhyamaka+and+Vajrayana+thought%2C+especially+in+relation+to+their%0AIndian+prototypes.+His+articles+on+Indian+and+Tibetan+hermeneutics%0Ahave+appeared+in+the+Journal+of+the+Tibet+Society+and+the+Journal+of+Indian%0APhilosophy.%0A%0ASource%3A+%5B%5BBuddhist+Hermeneutics%5D%5D +
David+R.+Brockman%2C+Ph.D.%2C+is+a+nonresident+scholar+for+the+Baker+Institute%E2%80%99s+Religion+and+Public+Policy+Program.+He+is+also+an+adjunct+professor+at+both+Texas+Christian+University+and+Southern+Methodist+University%2C+where+he+teaches+various+courses+in+religion+and+religious+studies.%0A%0AFrom+2010+to+2012%2C+Brockman+served+as+the+project+director+for+the+World+Conference+of+Associations+of+Theological+Institutions.++He+is+the+author+several+books%2C+including+%E2%80%9CDialectical+Democracy+through+Christian+Thought%3A+Individualism%2C+Relationalism%2C+and+American+Politics%E2%80%9D+%28Palgrave-Macmillan%2C+2013%29+and+%E2%80%9CNo+Longer+the+Same%3A+Religious+Others+and+the+Liberation+of+Christian+Theology%E2%80%9D+%28Palgrave-Macmillan%2C+2011%29.+His+forthcoming+publication%2C+%E2%80%9CEducating+For+Pluralism%2C+or+Against+It%3F+Lessons+from+Texas+and+Quebec+on+Teaching+Religion+in+Public+Schools%2C%E2%80%9D+will+appear+in+Religion+%26+Education.%0A%0ABrockman+holds+a+Ph.D.+in+religious+studies+from+Southern+Methodist+University.+He+received+a+Master+of+Theological+Studies+degree+from+the+Brite+Divinity+School+at+Texas+Christian+University+and+his+bachelor%E2%80%99s+degree+in+English+and+education+from+the+University+of+Texas+at+Arlington.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.bakerinstitute.org%2Fexperts%2Fdavid-r-brockman%2F+Source+Accessed+Nov+25%2C+2019%5D%29 +
Jeffrey+L.+Broughton+is+Professor+Emeritus+of+Religious+Studies+at+the+University+of+California%2C+Long+Beach.+Professor+Broughton%27s+specialty+is+Buddhist+Studies+%28early+Ch%27an+texts%29.+He+has+a+B.A.+from+Columbia+College+in+English+Literature+and+Oriental+Studies+and+an+M.A.+and+Ph.D.+in+Classical+Chinese+from+Columbia%27s+Department+of+East+Asian+Languages+and+Cultures. +
Brian+Edward+Brown+was+an+undergraduate+and+graduate+student+of+Thomas+Berry+at+Fordham+University+where+he+earned+his+doctorate+in+the+History+of+Religions%2C+specializing+in+Buddhist+thought.+He+subsequently+earned+his+doctorate+in+law+from+New+York+University.+Currently+he+is+Professor+Emeritus+of+Religious+Studies+at+Iona+College%2C+New+Rochelle%2C+N.Y.+He+is+the+co-founder+of+The+Thomas+Berry+Forum+for+Ecological+Dialogue+at+Iona+as+well+as+being+one+of+the+founding+faculty+of+the+Integral+Environmental+Studies+major+at+Iona%2C+a+joint+venture+of+the+departments+of+biology%2C+political+science+and+religious+studies.+He+is+the+author+of+two+principal+texts%3A+%27%27The+Buddha+Nature%3A+A+Study+of+the+Tath%C4%81gatagarbha+and+%C4%80layavij%C3%B1%C4%81na%27%27+%28Motilal+Banarsidass%2C1991%2C+reprinted+1994%2C+2003%2C+2010%29%2C+and+%27%27Religion%2C+Law+and+the+Land%3A+Native+Americans+and+the+Judicial+Determination+of+Sacred+Land%27%27+%28Westport%2C+Greenwood+Press%2C+1999%29.+He+is+co-editor+of+%27%27Augustine+and+World+Religions%27%27+%28Lexington+Books%2C+2008%29.+Among+his+other+publications+are+articles+which+have+addressed+the+ecological+implications+of+the+Buddhist+and+Native+American+tribal+traditions%2C+as+well+as+the+Earth+jurisprudence+of+Thomas+Berry.+%28%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fthomasberry.org%2Flife-and-thought%2Fpast-award-recipients+Adapted+from+Source+Jul+20%2C+2020%5D%29 +
Claudia+Brown+joined+the+art+history+faculty+at+the+Herberger+College+School+of+Art%2C+Arizona+State+University+in+1998.+Recently%2C+she+served+a+four-year+term+as+director+of+the+ASU+Center+for+Asian+Studies.%0A%0APrior+to+coming+to+ASU+Herberger+College+of+the+Arts%2C+Professor+Brown+served+as+curator+of+Asian+Art+at+the+Phoenix+Art+Museum+since+1979.+She+continues+to+serve+as+consultant+Research+Curator+for+Asian+Art+at+Phoenix+Art+Museum%2C+and+published+two+of+the+museum%E2%80%99s+exhibition+catalogs%2C+%22Weaving+China%E2%80%99s+Past%3A+The+Amy+S.+Clague+Collection+of+Chinese+Textiles%22+%282000%29+and+%22Minol+Araki%22+%281999%29.%0A%0AWhile+finishing+her+doctoral+work+in+the+history+of+Chinese+art+at+the+University+of+Kansas%2C+Brown+worked+at+the+National+Palace+Museum%2C+Taiwan%2C+and+taught+at+California+State+University+Long+Beach.%0A%0AProfessor+Brown%27s+art+historical+exhibitions%2C+organized+for+the+Phoenix+Art+Museum+and+other+institutions%2C+have+been+shown+widely%2C+including+international+venues+at+the+Museum+f%C3%BCr+Ostasiatiche+Kunst%2C+Berlin+%281995%29%3B+Mus%C3%A9e+Cernuschi%2C+Paris+%281999%29%3B+Hong+Kong+Museum+of+Art+%281993%29%3B+and+the+Suntory+Museum+of+Art%2C+Tokyo+%281988%29.+Nationally%2C+Brown%27s+exhibitions+have+been+presented+at+the+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art%2C+New+York+%281985%29%3B+the+China+Institute+in+America%2C+New+York+%281990+and+2003%29%3B+the+Denver+Art+Museum+%281992%29%3B+Honolulu+Academy+of+Arts+%281993%29%3B+and+the+Arthur+M.+Sackler+Museum+at+Harvard+University+%281991%29.%0A%0AHer+research+and+teaching+interests+lie+in+later+Chinese+painting+and+decorative+arts%2C+museums+and+exhibitions.+She+has+lectured+in+China%2C+India%2C+Korea+and+Taiwan.+Her+book%2C+%22Great+Qing%3A+Painting+in+China%2C+1644%E2%80%931911%2C%22+was+published+by+University+of+Washington+Press+in+2014.++She+is+currently+working+on+a+book+on+the+arts+of+the+Qing+dynasty.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fsearch.asu.edu%2Fprofile%2F190460+Source+Accessed+Feb+24%2C+2023%5D%29
Daniel+Brown+is+the+author+of+15+books+including+Transformations+of+Consciousness+%28with+Ken+Wilbur+%26+Jack+Engler%29%2C+and+a+book+on+Mahamudra%2C++Pointing+Out+the+Great+Way%3A+The+Mahamudra+Tradition+of+Tibetan+Meditation-Stages+%28Wisdom+Publications%29%2C+and+two+books+on+public+dialogues+with+H.H.+The+Dalai+Lama.+He+is+also+the+co-author+of+a+forthcoming+book+on+the+Bon+A+Khrid+lineage+of+Bon+Great+Completion+Meditation.+%0A%0AIn+graduate+school+at+The+University+of+Chicago+he+studied+Sanskrit+with+Hans+van+Beutenen%2C+and+also+studied+Tibetan%2C+Buddhist+Sanskrit%2C+and+Pali+languages+in+the+Buddhist+Studies+Program+at+the+University+of+Wisconsin%2C+Madison+WI.+He+spent+10+years+translating+meditation+texts+for+his+doctoral+dissertation+on+Tibetan+Buddhist+Mahamudra+meditation.%0A%0AHe+has+studied+meditation+practice+for+about+45+years%2C+beginning+with+reading+Patanjali%E2%80%99s+Yogasutras+and+its+main+commentaries+in+the+original+Sanskrit+with+the+great+historian+of+religion+professor+Mircea+Eliade%2C+as+well+as+practicing+Patanjali%27s+stages+of+meditation+directly+with+Dr.+Arwind+Vasavada.+At+the+same+time%2C+Dr.+Brown+studied+the+Burmese+Theravadin+Buddhist+mindfulness+meditation%2C+first+with+Western+teachers+in+the+United+States+like+Jack+Kornfield%2C+Joseph+Goldstein%2C+Sharon+Salzberg%2C+and+Christopher+Titmus%2C+and+then+directly+with+the+originator+of+the+Burmese+mindfulness+tradition%2C++Mahasi+Sayadaw+in+Rangoon%2C+Burma+and+other+masters+like+Tungpulo+Sayadaw+and+Achaan+Cha.+Read+more+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.drdanielpbrown.com%2Fbuddhist-meditation-teacher+here%5D. +
Edward+was+ordained+in+1971+by+Shunryu+Suzuki+Roshi%2C+who+gave+him+the+Dharma+name+Jusan+Kainei%2C+which+means+%22Longevity+Mountain%2C+Peaceful+Sea.%22+%0A%0AEdward+has+been+practicing+Zen+since+1965+and+also+has+done+extensive+vipassana+practice%2C+yoga%2C+and+chi+gung.++He+leads+regular+sitting+groups+and+meditation+retreats+in+Northern+California+and+offers+workshops+in+the+U.S.+and+internationally+on+a+variety+of+subjects%2C+including+cooking%2C+handwriting+change%2C+and+Mindfulness+Touch.++Edward+is+an+accomplished+chef%2C+who+helped+found+Greens+Restaurant+in+San+Francisco+and+worked+with+Deborah+Madison+in+writing+%27%27The+Greens+Cookbook%27%27.++Edward%27s+other+books+include+%27%27The+Tassajara+Bread+Book%27%27%2C+%27%27Tassajara+Cooking%27%27%2C+%27%27The+Tassajara+Recipe+Book%27%27%2C+and+%27%27Tomato+Blessings+and+Radish+Teachings%27%27.++He+also+edited+%27%27Not+Always+So%27%27%2C+a+collection+of+Suzuki+Roshi%27s+lectures.++In+2007%2C+Edward+was+the+subject+of+a+critically+acclaimed+feature-length+documentary+film+entitled+%27%27How+to+Cook+Your+Life%27%27%2C+directed+by+Doris+D%C3%B6rrie.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.peacefulseasangha.com%2Fdefault.html+Source+Accessed+Nov+25%2C+2020%5D%29 +
Kerry+Brown+is+a+New+Zealander+and+former+journalist.+She+now+lives+in+Britain+and+works+as+religious+consultant+for+the+World+Wide+fund+for+Nature.+She+is+an+executive-director+of+the+international+Sacred+Literature+Trust+and+has+edited+various+books+on+world+faiths.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Freadersend.com%2Fproduct%2Fbuddhism-and-ecology-2%2F+Source+Accessed+Feb+22%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Pierre+Gustave+Brunet+%2818+November+1805+%E2%80%93+24+January+1896%29+was+a+French+bibliographer%2C+historian+and+editor.%0A%0A%3D%3D%3D%3DWorks%3D%3D%3D%3D%0A%2A%28ed.%29+%27%27Po%C3%A8sies+basques+de+Bernard+Dechepare%2C+recteur+de+Saint-Michel-le-Vieux%2C+Publi%C3%A9%C3%A9s+d%27apr%C3%A8s+l%27%C3%A9dition+de+Bordeaux%2C+1545%2C+et+traduites+pour+la+premi%C3%A8re+fois+en+fra%C3%A7ais%27%27%2C+1847.%3Cbr%3E%0A%2A%28ed.%29+%27%27Histoire+maccaronique+de+Merlin+Coccaie+%3A+prototype+de+Rabelais+ou+est+traict%C3%A9+les+ruses+de+Cingar%2C+les+tours+de+Boccal%2C+les+adventures+de+L%C3%A9onard%2C+les+forces+de+Fracasse%2C+les+enchantemens+de+Gelfore+et+Pandrague+et+les+rencontres+heureuses+de+Balde%27%27+by+Teofilo+Folengo.+1859.%3Cbr%3E%0A%2A%27%27Fantaisies+bibliographiques%27%27%2C+1864%3Cbr%3E%0A%2A%27%27La+France+litt%C3%A9raire+au+XVe+si%C3%A8cle%3B+ou%2C+Catalogue+raisonn%C3%A9+des+ouvrages+en+tout+genre+imprim%C3%A9s+en+langue+franc%CC%9Caise+jusqu%27%C3%A0+l%27an+1500%27%27%2C+1865%3Cbr%3E%0A%2A%27%27Imprimeurs+imaginaires+et+libraires+suppos%C3%A9s%3B+%C3%A9tude+bibliographique%2C+suivie+de+recherches+sur+quelques+ouvrages+imprim%C3%A9s+avec+des+indications+fictives+de+lieux+ou+avec+des+dates+singuli%C3%A9res%27%27%2C+1866%3Cbr%3E%0A%2A%28ed.%29%27%27+Les+soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9s+badines%2C+bachiques%2C+litt%C3%A9raires+et+chantantes%2C+leur+histoire+et+leurs+travaux%27%27+by+Arthur+Dinaux.+1867.%3Cbr%3E%0A%2A%28ed.%29+%27%27Les+supercheries+litt%C3%A9raires+d%C3%A9voil%C3%A9es.+Galerie+des+%C3%A9crivains+fran%C3%A7ais+de+toute+l%27Europe+qui+se+sont+d%C3%A9guis%C3%A9s+sous+des+anagrammes%2C+des+ast%C3%A9ronymes%2C+des+cryptonymes%2C+des+initialismes%2C+des+noms+litt%C3%A9raires%2C+des+pseudonymes+fac%C3%A9tieux+ou+bizarres%2C+etc.%27%27+by+Joseph+Marie+Qu%C3%A9rard.+1869.%3Cbr%3E%0A%2A%27%27Dictionnaire+des+ouvrages+anonymes+%5Bby+Barbier%5D%2C+suivi+des+Supercheries+litt%C3%A9raires+d%C3%A9voil%C3%A9es+%5Bby+Qu%C3%A9rard%5D%3B+suppl%C3%A9ment+%C3%A0+la+derni%C3%A8re+%C3%A9dition+de+ces+deux+ouvrages%27%27%2C+1889.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPierre_Gustave_Brunet+Source+Accessed+Aug+25%2C+2021%5D%29
Born+in+Germany%2C+Karl+Brunnh%C3%B6lzl%2C+M.D.+was+trained+as+a+physician+in+Germany.+He+studied+Tibetology%2C+Buddhology%2C+and+Sanskrit+at+%5B%5BHamburg+University%5D%5D.+He+received+training+in+Tibetan+language+and+Buddhist+philosophy+and+practice+at+the+Marpa+Institute+for+Translators%2C+founded+by+%5B%5BKhenpo+Tsultrim+Gyamsto+Rinpoche%5D%5D.%0A%3Cbr%3E%0A%5B%5BThe+Foliage+of+Superior+Insight%7CAsh%C3%A9+Journal+Article%5D%5D%0A%3Cbr%3E%0A%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.nalandabodhi.org%2Fteachers%2Fwestern-teachers%2Fkarl-brunnholzl.aspx+Nalandabodhi+teacher+page%5D%0A%3Cbr%3E%0A%27%27%27Brief+Biography%3A%27%27%27%0A%0AKarl+was+originally+trained%2C+and+worked%2C+as+a+physician.+He+took+Buddhist+refuge+vows+in+1984+and%2C+in+1990%2C+completed+a+five-year+training+in+higher+Buddhist+philosophy+at+Kamalashila+Institute%2C+Germany%2C+receiving+the+traditional+Kagy%C3%BC+title+of+%22dharma+tutor%22+%28Tib.+skyor+dpon%29.+Since+1988%2C+he+received+his+Buddhist+and+Tibetan+language+training+mainly+at+Marpa+Institute+For+Translators+in+Kathmandu%2C+Nepal+%28director%3A+Khenpo+Ts%C3%BCltrim+Gyamtso+Rinpoche%29+and+also+studied+Tibetology%2C+Buddhology%2C+and+Sanskrit+at+Hamburg+University%2C+Germany.+Since+1989%2C+Karl+served+as+a+translator%2C+interpreter%2C+and+Buddhist+teacher+mainly+in+Europe%2C+India%2C+and+Nepal.+Since+1999%2C+he+has+acted+as+one+of+the+main+translators+and+teachers+at+Nitartha+Institute+%28director%3A+Dzogchen+Ponlop+Rinpoche%29+in+the+USA%2C+Canada%2C+and+Germany.+In+addition%2C+he+regularly+taught+at+Gampo+Abbey%27s+Vidyadhara+Institute+from+2000-2007.+He+is+the+author+of+several+books+on+Buddhism%2C+such+as+The+Center+of+the+Sunlit+Sky%2C+Straight+from+the+Heart%2C+In+Praise+of+Dharmadh%C4%81tu%2C+and+Luminous+Heart+%28all+Snow+Lion+Publications%29.%0A%0AKarl+met+Dzogchen+Ponlop+Rinpoche+in+1986+during+Rinpoche%27s+first+teaching+tour+through+Europe%2C+receiving+extensive+teachings+as+well+as+pratimoksha+vows+from+him+during+the+following+years+in+both+Europe+and+Nepal%2C+and+later+also+in+Canada+and+the+USA.+He+served+as+Rinpoche%27s+personal+translator+during+his+teachings+tours+in+Europe+%28particularly+at+Nitartha+Institute+in+Germany%29+from+1999-2005.+In+2005%2C+he+was+appointed+as+one+of+five+Western+Nalandabodhi+teachers+and+given+the+title+%22mitra.%22%0AIn+2006%2C+he+moved+to+Seattle+and+works+as+a+full-time+Tibetan+translator+for+Tsadra+Foundation.+Since+his+arrival+in+Seattle%2C+Karl+was+instrumental+in+creating+the+new+introductory+NB+Buddhism+100+Series%2C+leads+NB+Study+Path+classes%2C+presents+weekend+courses+and+open+house+talks+at+Nalanda+West%2C+offers+selected+teachings+to+the+Vajrasattva+and+Mahamudra+practice+communities%2C+and+provides+personal+guidance+as+a+PI.+He+also+teaches+weekend+seminars+and+Nitartha+Institute+courses+in+NB+centers+in+the+US%2C+Canada%2C+and+Mexico+as+well+as+other+locations.%0A%0AWithin+the+Mitra+Council%2C+Karl+is+the+current+Dean+until+2010+and+is+mainly+supervising+and+revising+the+NB+Study+Path+%28which+includes+revising+the+Hinayana+and+Mahayana+study+path+and+creating+a+Vajrayana+study+path%29.+While+enthusiastic+about+all+facets+of+the+dharma%2C+his+main+interests+are+the+teachings+on+Mahamudra%2C+Yogacara+and+Buddha+Nature%2C+and+to+make+the+essential+teachings+by+the+Karmapas+and+other+major+Kagyu+lineage+figures+available+to+contemporary+Western+audiences.+%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.nalandabodhi.org%2Fteachers%2Fwestern-teachers%2Fkarl-brunnholzl.aspx+Source%5D
Antonetta+L.+Bruno%27s+research+explores+linguistic+anthropology%2C+religions+and+popular+culture.+Among+her+publications+there+are+studies+on+shamanic+language%2C+language+strategies%2C+the+switching+levels+of+the+speech+and+the+emotional+transformation+in+religious+contexts+within+Korean+culture%2C+food%2C+film%2C+and+popular+culture.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucm.es%2Fsiim%2Fantonetta-bruno+Source+Accessed+Aug+11%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Degree+in+English%2C+teacher+of+French%2C+professional+translator%3B+completed+two+three-year+retreats+at+Chanteloube%2C+France%2C+1980%E2%80%931985+and+1990%E2%80%931993%3B+founding+member+of+Padmakara+Translation+Group.+Tsadra+Foundation+Fellow+since+2002.%0A%0ADeclaring+himself+%E2%80%9Cmethodical+and+particular%E2%80%9D+to+the+point+of+excess%2C+Christian+Bruyat+is+pleased+that+working+with+Tsadra+allows+him+the+extra+time+to+try+and+do+accurate+translations.+Coupled+with+this+drive+he+has+an+%E2%80%9Cuncanny+ability%E2%80%9D+to+find+translation+errors+%E2%80%9Ceven+when+I+read+the+works+of+others+who+are+much+more+worthy+than+me%2C+and+are+big+scholars.%E2%80%9D+He+does+not+mean+to+be+arrogant+or+irritating%2C+and+attributes+his+knack+to+%E2%80%9Csome+kind+of+karma+with+Tibetan+%E2%80%A6%E2%80%9D+Since+at+age+five+he+informed+his+parents+that+he+intended+to+marry+a+Japanese+lady+when+he+grew+up%E2%80%94he+married+a+Chinese+woman+instead%E2%80%94one+might+well+agree+that+some+sort+of+past-life+Asian+connection+seems+to+be+at+play+in+Christian%E2%80%99s+life.%0AHe+has+had+the+fortunate+destiny+to+spend+five+years+with+Dilgo+Khyentse+Rinpoche+in+Nepal+and+Bhutan.+Appropriately+enough%2C+Dzogchen+teachings+are+Christian%E2%80%99s+favorite+and+most+inspiring+scriptural+material%2C+especially+the+works+of+Longchenpa%2C+Patrul+Rinpoche%2C+and+Mipham+Rinpoche.%0A%0APreviously+Published+Translations%3Cbr%3E%0A%E2%80%A2++Le+Chemin+de+la+Grande+Perfection%2C+Patrul+Rinpoch%C3%A9+%28and+preliminary+work+on+the+draft+of+its+English+version%2C+The+Words+of+My+Perfect+Teacher%2C+with+Charles+Hastings%29%0A%0A%27%27%27Completed+Projects+as+a+Tsadra+Foundation+Fellow%27%27%27%3Cbr%3E%0A%E2%80%A2++Mahasiddhas%2C+La+vie+de+84+sages+de+l%E2%80%99Inde%2C+Abhayadatta+%28with+Patrick+Carr%C3%A9%29%0A%E2%80%A2++Le+Pr%C3%A9cieux+Ornement+de+la+lib%C3%A9ration%2C+Gampopa%0A%E2%80%A2++Perles+d%E2%80%99ambroisie+%283+vols.%29%2C+Kunzang+Palden+%28with+Patrick+Carr%C3%A9%29%0A%E2%80%A2++Bodhicaryavatara%2C+La+Marche+vers+l%E2%80%99%C3%89veil%2C+Shantideva+%28with+Patrick+Carr%C3%A9%29
Mr.+Bryant+was+a+painter+and+musician+strongly+influenced+by+Tibetan+Buddhism.+In+1973+he+founded+the+Samaya+Foundation+in+Manhattan%2C+a+nonprofit+organization+dedicated+to+spreading+Tibetan+culture+in+the+United+States.+%28Samaya+is+the+Sanskrit+word+for+vow+or+commitment.%29%0A%0AIn+the+spring+of+1988%2C+the+foundation+brought+Tibetan+monks+to+New+York+City+from+the+Namgyal+monastery+in+India+to+create+the+Wheel+of+Time+sand+mandala+at+the+American+Museum+of+Natural+History.+The+mandala+--+a+large%2C+colorful%2C+circular+meditational+image+of+intricate+design+--+was+made+entirely+of+sand+painstakingly+poured+from+small+funnels.+It+took+over+two+weeks+to+complete%3B+it+was+then+ritually+destroyed%2C+its+contents+carried+in+procession+to+the+banks+of+the+Hudson+and+scattered+on+the+water.%0A%0AThe+mandala+was+recreated+in+other+cities+in+the+United+States+and+Europe+thereafter.+In+1993%2C+Mr.+Bryant+published+a+book%2C+%27%27The+Wheel+of+Time+Sand+Mandala%3A+Visual+Scripture+of+Tibetan+Buddhism%2C%27%27+to+which+the+Dalai+Lama+contributed+a+foreword.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1997%2F05%2F25%2Farts%2Fbarry-bryant-56-a-proponent-of-the-tibetan-buddhist-culture.html+Source+Accessed+Mar+22%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Sonam+Peldren+%28bsod+nam+dpal+%27dren%29+was+born+on+the+seventeenth+day+of+the+tenth+month+of+the+earth+male-dragon+year+%28either+1268+or+1328%29.+Her+mother+was+named+Nezang+Chotso+%28gnas+bzang+chos+mtsho%29%3B+her+father+was+named+Yondak+Ngoli+%28yon+bdag+sngo+li%29+and+was+a+descendent+of+the+Tong+%28stong%29+clan.+She+was+born+in+a+place+called+Tashipa+Janggyab+%28bkra+shis+pa+byang+rgyab%29+in+Dam+Sho+%28%27dam+shod%29%2C+in+the+Nol+%28snol%29+district+of+U+%28dbus%29%2C+near+the+Nyenchen+Tanglha+mountain+range+%28gnyen+chen+thang+lha%29.+Her+birth+name+was+Gego+%28ge+god%29%3B+sometime+after+her+marriage+at+age+seventeen+she+was+renamed+Sonam+Peldren.+She+was+the+youngest+of+four+children%3A+she+had+two+elder+brothers+named+Azang+%28a+%27zang%29+and+Kunchog+Gyab+%28dkon+mchog+skyabs%29%2C+and+one+elder+sister+named+Chokyi+%28chos+skyid.%29%0A%0ALittle+is+known+of+the+years+between+Sonam+Peldren%27s+birth+and+her+marriage+at+age+sixteen+other+than+that+her+mother+passed+away%2C+her+father+remarried%2C+and+that+she+was+a+calm+child+liked+by+all.+When+Sonam+Peldren+was+seventeen+years+old%2C+her+father+arranged+her+marriage%2C+choosing+from+among+three+available+suitors%3A+Chakdor+Kyab+%28phyag+dor+skyabs%29%2C+described+simply+as+a+nomad+from+Kham%2C+and+who+is+more+commonly+known+by+the+name+Rinchen+Pel%3B+Ga+Yar+%28%27ga%27+yar%29%2C+also+described+only+as+a+nomad+from+Kham%3B+and+Pelek+%28dpal+legs%29%2C+described+as+the+chief+scribe+%28dpon+yig%29+from+a+wealthy+local+family+in+central+Tibet.+Sonam+Peldren%27s+father%2C+with+the+strong+approval+of+his+wife+and+extended+family%2C+betrothed+Sonam+Peldren+to+the+scribe+Pelek.%0A%0ASonam+Peldren%2C+however%2C+refused+to+marry+the+groom+of+her+family%27s+choice%2C+and+instead+insisted+that+she+marry+Rinchen+Pel%2C+claiming+that+her+union+with+Rinchen+Pel+was+karmically+predestined.+Sonam+Peldren%27s+father%2C+step-mother%2C+sister%2C+brothers%2C+and+several+other+relatives+questioned+Sonam+Peldren%27s+refusal+to+marry+a+wealthy+man+from+central+Tibet+to+marry+instead+a+landless+man+from+the+%22miserable+region%22+%28sdugs+sa%2C+sic%29+of+Kham.+Sonam+Peldren%27s+fianc%C3%A9+himself+was+appalled+by+the+adamant+refusal+of+his+betrothed+to+follow+her+father%27s+wishes%2C+and+eventually+withdrew+his+offer+of+marriage.+Sonam+Peldren%27s+family+reluctantly+returned+the+gifts+received+from+the+scribe+and+his+family%3B+after+Rinchen+Pel+supplied+his+own+gifts%2C+the+two+were+considered+married.+Following+her+death+it+was+Rinchen+Pel+who+would+promote+her+teachings+and+visions%2C+in+part+with+a+written+narrative+of+her+life.%0A%0AThe+biography+of+Sonam+Peldren+records+only+general+stories+about+the+events+in+Sonam+Peldren%27s+life+between+her+marriage+at+age+sixteen+and+the+final+months+of+her+life+before+her+death+at+age+forty-four.+Sonam+Peldren+lived+as+a+nomad+and+traveled+with+her+husband+and+fellow+nomads%2C+first+in+the+central+Tibetan+region+of+U-Tsang+%28dbus+gtsang%29+until+she+was+thirty+years+old%2C+and+then+in+the+%22eight+valley%22+region+%28brgyad+shod%29+of+eastern+Tibet+until+her+death.+Sonam+Peldren+and+Rinchen+Pel+had+four+children%3A+two+sons+named+Sonam+Dondrub+%28bsod+nams+don+%27grub%29+and+Tsukdor+Gyab+%28gtsug+tor+skyabs%29+and+two+daughters+named+Gumril+or+Gumrim+%28gum+ril%2Fm%29+and+Sonam+Kyi+%28bsod+nams+skyid%29+The+birth+order+of+these+children%2C+and+Sonam+Peldren%27s+age+at+their+birth%2C+is+not+known.%0A%0AThese+years+of+travel+are+described+in+the+biography+as+punctuated+by+Sonam+Peldren%27s+miracles+and+acts+of+generosity.+For+example%2C+her+biography+recounts+that+Sonam+Peldren+gave+nearly+all+of+her+clothing+to+beggars%2C+opting+to+live+in+a+simple+cotton+piece+of+clothing+without+shoes%3B+it+was+said+that+while+other+members+of+her+group+developed+frostbite+underneath+their+thick+clothing%2C+Sonam+Peldren%2C+barefoot+and+wearing+only+a+cotton+tunic%2C+walked+unimpeded+through+the+snow%2C+melting+it+with+her+feet.++%0A%0AOther+examples+of+miracles+attributed+to+Sonam+Peldren+include+the+following%3A+when+traveling+over+a+snowy+mountain+pass%2C+she+dug+a+tunnel+through+the+snow+covering+the+mountain+pass+and+traveled+straight+through+to+the+other+side%2C+shocking+the+other+nomads+who+traveled+around+the+peak+by+reaching+their+destination+first%3B+she+broke+up+a+knife+fight+by+grabbing+four+men+in+each+of+her+hands+and+holding+them+apart+until+they+ceased+quarreling%3B+when+a+bandit+stole+most+of+the+nomadic+group%27s+horses+in+the+middle+of+the+night%2C+she+leapt+onto+the+nearest+remaining+horse%2C+raced+down+the+road+after+the+fleeing+animals%2C+and%2C+grabbing+the+animals%27+manes+with+her+left+and+right+hands%2C+led+them+back+to+camp%3B+she+carried+the+carcass+of+a+fallen+yak+up+a+steep+mountainside+and+back+to+her+nomad+encampment+for+their+consumption%3B+when+the+ice+over+a+river+broke+beneath+the+feet+of+a+pack+animal%2C+she+yanked+the+yak+out+of+the+freezing+water+by+its+tail%2C+pulling+it+to+safety%3B+she+flung+a+load+of+barley+off+the+back+of+one+pack+animal+and+onto+another+when+the+animal+became+lodged+in+a+narrow+pass%3B+when+a+pack+animal+stumbled+and+fell+over+a+rocky+cliff%2C+she+reached+down+and+pulled+it+up+to+safety.%0A%0AWithout+exception%2C+the+biography+describes+these+episodes+ending+with+Sonam+Peldren+glibly+attributing+her+accomplishments+to+luck+or+fortuitous+circumstances%3B+for+example%2C+she+explained+that+a+huge+wave+had+actually+lifted+the+yak+out+of+the+freezing+river.+Also+without+exception%2C+the+biography+records+that+her+fellow+nomads+somehow+failed+to+recognize+Sonam+Peldren%27s+abilities.%0A%0AIn+the+final+year+of+her+life%2C+when+she+and+her+fellow+nomads+were+traveling+in+a+Ya+Nga+near+what+is+now+the+city+of+Chamda+%28bya+%2F+lcam+mda%27%29+in+today%27s+Driru+%28%27bri+ru%29+county+in+the+Tibet+Autonomous+Region%2C+Sonam+Peldren+gave+increasingly+explicit+religious+interpretations+of+her+actions+to+Rinchen+Pel%2C+and+described+her+dreams%2C+visions%2C+and+premonitions+of+death.%0A%0AIn+particular%2C+Sonam+Peldren+described+recurring+dreams+and+waking+visions+in+which+unnamed+various+female+figures%2C+each+with+their+own+retinue%2C+appeared+before+her.+Explaining+that+a+plague+would+erupt+in+the+nomad+community+if+Sonam+Peldren+did+not+accompany+them+by+the+fifth+month+of+that+year%2C+the+female+figures+demanded+that+Sonam+Peldren+leave+her+nomad+group+and+travel+with+them.+Sonam+Peldren+interpreted+these+dreams+and+visions+to+mean+that+she+would+die+in+the+fifth+month.%0A%0AFollowing+these+visions+and+for+the+next+several+months%2C+Sonam+Peldren+claimed+to+experience+visions%2C+gave+increasingly+lengthy+teachings+to+Rinchen+Pel+about+the+religious+nature+of+her+identity+and+daily+activities%2C+and+continued+to+express+a+conviction+that+her+death+was+imminent+and+that+relics+would+be+found+in+her+cremation+ashes.+Many+of+her+teachings%2C+which+took+the+form+of+spontaneous+songs+%28mgur%29%2C+focused+on+basic+Buddhist+doctrines+of+impermanence%2C+non-attachment%2C+and+so+forth.+Other+speeches+made+reference+to+esoteric+Buddhist+practices+and+philosophies%2C+such+as+the+Mah%C4%81mudr%C4%81+and+other+doctrines+typically+associated+with+the+Kagyu+school+of+Tibetan+Buddhism.+These+teachings+were+noteworthy+given+the+absence+of+any+religious+training+or+practice+up+to+that+point%2C+a+topic+which+Sonam+Peldren%27s+husband%2C+family%2C+and+community+returned+to+repeatedly+in+their+criticisms+of+her+claims.%0A%0AOn+the+predicted+day+of+the+fifth+month+of+the+water+mouse+year%2C+Sonam+Peldren+declared+that+she+was+ready+to+die.+According+to+her+husband%27s+account%2C+she+first+claimed+to+see+multi-colored+ma%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Dalas+of+d%C4%81kin%C4%ABs+and+tutelary+deities+in+the+sky%2C+then+conducted+an+offering+ritual%2C+and+declared+that+she+was+ready+%22to+go.%22+Crying+%22Heek%21%22+her+body+was+said+to+have+shot+into+the+sky%2C+then+to+have+come+down+and+bounced+five+times%2C+each+time+higher.+Finally%2C+her+corpse+glowed+with+white+light%3B+gods+and+goddesses+of+light+poured+from+her+body%2C+and+accompanied+her+consciousness+as+it+departed+for+a+Buddha+realm.+The+corpse+descended+slowly+to+earth+and+landed+in+a+seated+posture+on+the+ground.+A+red+drop+appeared+in+the+right+nostril+and+a+white+drop+in+the+left%3B+when+Rinchen+Pel+wiped+the+drops+away+with+a+flat+rock%2C+images+of+a+red+sow+and+a+deity+wearing+a+tiger+skin+appeared+on+the+surface+of+the+stone.+Rainbows+were+seen%2C+and+that+night+visions+of+palaces+and+various+mandalas+filled+the+sky.%0A%0AThe+date+of+her+death+given+in+her+biography+is+the+twenty-third+day+of+the+fifth+month+of+the+water+male-mouse+year+%281312+or+1372%29%2C+meaning+she+would+have+been+about+forty-four+years+old.%0A%0AUpon+cremation+Sonam+Peldren%27s+skeleton+was+said+to+be+found+covered+with+images%3A+%E1%B8%8D%C4%81kin%C4%ABs+and+dharma+protectors%3B+multiple+images+of+Vajrav%C4%81rah%C4%AB+%28known+as+Dorje+Pakmo+in+Tibetan%29%2C+Vajr%C4%81pa%E1%B9%87%C4%AB%2C+the+Buddha+%C5%9A%C4%81kyamuni%2C+T%C4%81r%C4%81%2C+Vairocana%2C+Cakrasa%E1%B9%83vara%2C+Vajrasattva%2C+Ratnasambhava%2C+Amit%C4%81bha%2C+Maitreya%2C+Vajrayogin%C4%AB%2C+D%C4%ABpa%E1%B9%83kara+and+Vajradhara.+Also+said+to+be+visible+were+the+thirty-two+print+and+cursive+letters+of+the+Tibetan+alphabet%3B+multiple+and+variously-colored+sows%3B+an+elephant%2C+vajra%2C+conch+shell%2C+fish%2C+and+bell%3B+and+the+letter+%22Ah%22+as+well+as+the+syllable+%22Tam%22.+On+her+pelvic+bone+were+signs+of+the+secret+wisdom+%E1%B8%8D%C4%81kin%C4%AB%2C+a+triangle%2C+the+syllable+%22Bam%2C%22+a+flower%2C+two+%E1%B8%8D%C4%81kin%C4%ABs%2C+and+three+circles+of+mantras.%0A%0AFor+Rinchen+Pel%2C+Sonam+Peldren%27s+miraculous+death+vindicated+her+claims+of+religious+authority%3B+others+in+her+community+were+not+convinced.+Beginning+seven+months+after+her+passing%2C+Rinchen+Pel+claimed+to+experience+nine+posthumous+encounters+with+Sonam+Peldren.+The+nature+of+these+encounters+varied.+In+some%2C+Rinchen+Pel+asked+questions%2C+such+as+why+Sonam+Peldren%27s+body+had+been+ugly%2C+inferior%2C+and+female+during+her+lifetime%3B+what+he+was+supposed+to+do+with+the+vast+quantity+of+relics+produced+from+her+corpse%3B+how+Sonam+Peldren+had+accrued+religious+knowledge+in+her+lifetime+despite+no+visible+study+or+practice+of+religion%3B+and+what+the+meaning+had+been+of+Sonam+Peldren%27s+strange+dreams%2C+visions%2C+songs+and+religious+pronouncements+in+the+last+months+of+her+life.%0A%0AIn+another+posthumous+vision%2C+when+Rinchen+Pel+retreated+to+a+mountainside+to+petition+Sonam+Peldren+for+guidance+about+whether+he+should+ordain+as+a+monk%2C+Sonam+Peldren+appeared+and+sang+a+verse+about+emptiness+and+the+nature+of+mind.+In+two+other+visions%2C+Sonam+Peldren+chastised+Rinchen+Pel+for+neglecting+her+relics%2C+using+them+to+get+material+gain+for+himself%2C+and+for+letting+others%27+doubts+about+the+authenticity+of+the+relics+affect+his+presentation+and+explanation+of+them%2C+an+accusation+which+Rinchen+Pel+denied.+In+yet+other+visions%2C+Sonam+Peldren+simply+appeared+in+the+form+of+Dorje+Pakmo+before+Rinchen+Pel%2C+along+with+rainbows%2C+%E1%B8%8D%C4%81kin%C4%ABs%2C+unusual+birds%2C+Sanskrit+letters+on+mountain+peaks.%0A%0AToday+Sonam+Peldren+is+remembered+as+an+exemplary+female+practitioner.+A+nunnery+in+Driru+named+Ya+Nga+Chamda+Ganden+Khacho+Ling+Nunnery+%28ya+nga+bya+mda%27+btsun+dgon+dga%27+ldan+mkha%27+phyod+gling%29%2C+called+either+Khacho+Ling+or+Ganden+Khacho+Ling+for+short%2C+stands+on+her+death+site%3B+this+nunnery+contains+a+large+wall+mural+depicting+events+from+the+lives+of+both+Sonam+Peldren+and+Rinchen+Pel.+Resident+nuns+perform+and+offering+ritual+to+Sonam+Peldren+three+times+a+month.%0A%0AHer+legacy+was+strong+enough+that+by+the+sixteenth+or+seventeenth+century+a+text+describing+the+history+of+Tibet%27s+only+female+reincarnation+lineage%2C+the+Samding+Dorje+Pakmo+%28bsam+lding+rdo+rje+phag+mo%29%2C+could+name+her+as+an+early+figure+in+the+lineage%2C+both+an+incarnation+of+Dorje+Pakmo+and+a+pre-incarnation+of+Chokyi+Drolma%2C+the+First+Samding+Dorje+Pakmo+%28bsam+sdings+rdo+rje+phag+mo+01+chos+kyi+sgron+ma%2C+1422-1467%2F1468%29.+However%2C+it+is+worthwhile+to+point+out+that+at+Ganden+Khacho+Ling+she+is+not+regarded+as+belonging+to+the+Samding+Dorje+Pakmo+incarnation+line%2C+nor+is+she+considered+to+have+been+an+incarnation+of+Dorje+Pakmo.%0A%0AAt+least+one+twentieth-century+woman+claimed+to+be+an+incarnation+of+Sonam+Peldren%3A+Khandro+Kunsang+%28mkha%27+%27gro+kun+bzang%2C+d.+2004%29%2C+a+woman+affiliated+with+the+Kagyu+tradition+who+gained+great+regional+fame+as+a+tantric+practitioner+and+healer.%0A%0ASource+%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Ftreasuryoflives.org%2Fbiographies%2Fview%2Fbsod-nam-dpal-dren%2F%2F13196%5D
Served+as+Khenpo+at+Kathok+during+the+time+of+the+sixth+drung+rabs+of+Rdo+rje+%27od+zer. +
David+Bubna-Litic+is+an+internationally+recognized+interdisciplinary+scholar+with+interests+in+whole+of+systems+thinking+applied+to+individual%2C+organizational%2C+economic%2C+and+social+change.%0A%0AHe+researches+the+dialogue+between+mindful+ways+of+being+%28presence%29%2C+deep+integrity%2C+eastern+philosophy%2C+and+established+western+disciplines+to+create+a+merged+horizon+for+social+and+economic+change.%0A%0AHe+is+Senior+Lecturer+at+the+University+of+Technology+Sydney.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fau.linkedin.com%2Fin%2Fdavid-bubna-litic-1a84259+Adapted+from+Source+June+16%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Rod+Bucknell+is+Associate+Professor+at+the+University+of+Queensland%2C+Australia. +
Buddhabhadra+%28%E4%BD%9B%E9%A6%B1%E8%B7%8B%E9%99%80%E7%BE%85%2C+359%E2%80%93429%29+means+enlightenment+worthy.+Born+in+northern+India%2C+he+was+a+descendent+of+King+Am%E1%B9%9Btodana%2C+who+was+the+youngest+of+the+three+uncles+of+%C5%9A%C4%81kyamuni+Buddha+%28circa+563%E2%80%93483+BCE%29.+He+renounced+family+life+at+age+seventeen+and+became+a+monk.+Studying+hard%2C+he+mastered+meditation+and+the+Vinaya.%0A%0AIn+408%2C+the+tenth+year+of+the+Hongshi+%28%E5%BC%98%E5%A7%8B%29+years+of+the+Later+Qin+Dynasty+%28%E5%BE%8C%E7%A7%A6+or+%E5%A7%9A%E7%A7%A6%2C+384%E2%80%93417%29%2C+one+of+the+Sixteen+Kingdoms+%28304%E2%80%93439%29%2C+he+went+to+its+capital%2C+Chang-an.+The+illustrious+translator+Kum%C4%81raj%C4%ABva+%28%E9%B3%A9%E6%91%A9%E7%BE%85%E4%BB%80%2C+344%E2%80%93413%29+had+arrived+there+in+401.+However%2C+Buddhabhadra+did+not+like+Kum%C4%81raj%C4%ABva%E2%80%99s+students.+Together+with+his+own+forty-some+students%2C+he+went+to+the+Lu+Mountain+%28%E5%BB%AC%E5%B1%B1%2C+in+present-day+Jiangxi+Province%29+and+stayed+with+Master+Huiyuan+%28%E6%85%A7%E9%81%A0%2C+334%E2%80%93416%29%2C+the+first+patriarch+of+the+Pure+Land+School+of+China.%0A%0AIn+415%2C+the+eleventh+year+of+the+Yixi+%28%E7%BE%A9%E7%86%99%29+years+of+the+Eastern+Jin+Dynasty+%28%E6%9D%B1%E6%99%89%2C+317%E2%80%93420%29%2C+Buddhabhadra+went+south+to+its+capital%2C+Jiankong+%28%E5%BB%BA%E5%BA%B7%29%2C+present-day+Nanjing%2C+Jiangsu+Province.+He+stayed+at+the+Daochang+Temple+%28%E9%81%93%E5%A0%B4%E5%AF%BA%29+and+began+his+translation+work.+Altogether%2C+he+translated+from+Sanskrit+into+Chinese+thirteen+texts+in+125+fascicles.+For+example%2C+texts+376+and+1425+were+translated+jointly+by+him+and+Faxian+%28%E6%B3%95%E9%A1%AF%2C+circa+337%E2%80%93422%29.+Text+376+%28T12n0376%29+in+6+fascicles+is+the+earliest+of+the+three+Chinese+versions+of+the+Mah%C4%81parinirv%C4%81%E1%B9%87a+S%C5%ABtra%3B+text+1425+%28T22n1425%29+in+40+fascicles+is+the+Chinese+version+of+the+Mah%C4%81sa%E1%B9%85ghika+Vinaya.+Texts+278+and+666+were+translated+by+him+alone+probably+between+years+418+and+421.+Text+278+%28T09n0278%29+is+the+60-fascicle+Chinese+version+of+the+Mah%C4%81vaipulya+S%C5%ABtra+of+Buddha+Adornment+%28Buddh%C4%81vata%E1%B9%81saka-mah%C4%81vaipulya-s%C5%ABtra%29%3B+text+666+%28T16n0666%29+in+one+fascicle+is+the+first+of+the+two+extant+Chinese+versions+of+the+Mah%C4%81vaipulya+S%C5%ABtra+of+the+Tath%C4%81gata+Store.%0A%0AIn+429%2C+the+sixth+year+of+the+Yuanjia+%28%E5%85%83%E5%98%89%29+years+of+the+Liu+Song+Dynasty+%28%E5%8A%89%E5%AE%8B%2C+420%E2%80%9379%29%2C+Buddhabhadra+died%2C+at+age+seventy-one.+People+called+him+the+Indian+Meditation+Master.+He+is+one+of+the+eighteen+exalted+ones+of+the+Lu+Mountain.+%28%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.sutrasmantras.info%2Ftranslators.html%23kumarajiva+Source+Accessed+Aug+19%2C+2021%5D%29
Buddhaghosa.+%28S.+Buddhaghosa%29+%28fl.+c.+370-450+ce%29.+The+preeminent+P%C4%81li+commentator%2C+who+translated+into+P%C4%81li+the+Sinhalese+commentaries+to+the+P%C4%81li+canon+and+wrote+the+%27%27Visuddhimagga%27%27+%28%22Path+of+Purification%22%29%2C+the+definitive+outline+of+Therav%C4%81da+doctrine.+There+are+several+conflicting+accounts+of+Buddhaghosa%27s+origins%2C+none+of+which+can+be+dated+earlier+than+the+thirteenth+Century.+The+Mon+of+Lower+Burma+claim+him+as+a+native+son%2C+although+the+best-known+story%2C+which+is+found+in+the+C%C5%AB%E1%B8%B7ava%E1%B9%83sa+%28chapter+37%29%2C+describes+Buddhaghosa+as+an+Indian+br%C4%81hmana+who+grew+up+in+the+environs+of+the+Mah%C4%81bodhi+temple+in+northern+India.+According+to+this+account%2C+his+father+served+as+a+purohita+%28br%C4%81hma%E1%B9%87a+priest%29+for+King+Sa%E1%B9%85g%C4%81ma%2C+while+he+himself+became+proficient+in+the+Vedas+and+related+Brahmanical+Sciences+at+an+early+age.+One+day%2C+he+was+defeated+in+a+debate+by+a+Buddhist+monk+named+Revata%2C+whereupon+he+entered+the+Buddhist+sa%E1%B9%83gha+to+learn+more+about+the+Buddha%27s+teachings.+He+received+his+monk%27s+name+Buddhaghosa%2C+which+means+%22Voice+of+the+Buddha%2C%22+because+of+his+sonorous+voice+and+impressive+rhetorical+skills.+Buddhaghosa+took+Revata+as+his+teacher+and+began+writing+commentaries+even+while+a+student.+Works+written+at+this+time+included+the+%27%27%C3%91%C4%81%E1%B9%87odaya%27%27+and+%27%27A%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADhas%C4%81lin%C4%AB%27%27.+To+deepen+his+understanding+%28or+according+to+some+versions+of+his+story%2C+as+punishment+for+his+intellectual+pride%29%2C+Buddhaghosa+was+sent+to+Sri+Lanka+to+study+the+Sinhalese+commentaries+on+the+P%C4%81li+Buddhist+canon+%28P.+tipi%E1%B9%ADaka%3B+S.+Tripi%E1%B9%ADaka%29.+These+commentaries+were+said+to+have+been+brought+to+Sri+Lanka+in+the+third+Century+BCE%2C+where+they+were+translated+from+P%C4%81li+into+Sinhalese+and+subsequently+preserved+at+the+Mah%C4%81vih%C4%81ra+monastery+in+the+Sri+Lankan+Capital+of+Anur%C4%81dhapura.+At+the+Mah%C4%81vih%C4%81ra%2C+Buddhaghosa+studied+under+the+guidance+of+the+scholar-monk+Sa%E1%B9%85ghap%C4%81la.+Upon+completing+his+studies%2C+he+wrote+the+great+compendium+of+Therav%C4%81da+teachings%2C+%27%27Visuddhimagga%27%27%2C+which+summarizes+the+contents+of+the+P%C4%81li+tipi%E1%B9%ADaka+under+the+threefold+heading+of+morality+%28s%C4%ABla%3B+S.+%C5%9B%C4%ABla%29%2C+meditative+absorption+%28sam%C4%81dhi%29%2C+and+wisdom+%28pa%C3%B1%C3%B1%C4%81%3B+S.+praj%C3%B1%C4%81%29.+Impressed+with+his+expertise%2C+the+elders+of+the+Mah%C4%81vih%C4%81ra+allowed+Buddhaghosa+to+translate+the+Sinhalese+commentaries+back+into+P%C4%81li%2C+the+canonical+language+of+the+Therav%C4%81da+tipi%E1%B9%ADaka.+Attributed+to+Buddhaghosa+are+the+vinaya+commentaries%2C+%27%27Samantap%C4%81s%C4%81dik%C4%81%27%27+and+%27%27Ka%E1%B9%85kh%C4%81vitara%E1%B9%87%C4%AB%27%27%3B+the+commentaries+to+the+Suttapi%E1%B9%ADaka%2C+%27%27Suma%E1%B9%85galavil%C4%81sin%C4%AB%27%27%2C+%27%27Papa%C3%B1cas%C5%ABdan%C4%AB%27%27%2C+%27%27S%C4%81ratthappak%C4%81sin%C4%AB%27%27%2C+and+%27%27Manorathap%C5%ABra%E1%B9%87%C4%AB%27%27%3B+also+attributed+to+him+is+the+%27%27Paramatthajotik%C4%81%27%27+%28the+commentary+to+the+%27%27Khuddakap%C4%81%E1%B9%ADha%27%27+and+%27%27Suttan%C4%ABp%C4%81ta%27%27%29.+Buddhaghosa%27s+commentaries+on+the+Abhidhammapi%E1%B9%ADaka+%28see+Abhidharma%29+include+the+%27%27Sammohavinodan%C4%AB%27%27+and+%27%27Pa%C3%B1cappakara%E1%B9%87a%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADihakath%C4%81%27%27%2C+along+with+the+%27%27A%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADhas%C4%81lin%C4%AB%27%27.+Of+these+many+works%2C+Buddhaghosa+is+almost+certainly+author+of+the+%27%27Visuddhimagga%27%27+and+translator+of+the+commentaries+to+the+four+nik%C4%81yas%2C+but+the+remainder+are+probably+later+attributions.+Regardless+of+attribution%2C+the+body+of+work+associated+with+Buddhaghosa+was+profoundly+influential+on+the+entire+subsequent+history+of+Buddhist+scholasticism+in+the+Therav%C4%81da+traditions+of+Sri+Lanka+and+Southeast+Asia.+%28Source%3A+%22Buddhaghosa.%22+In+%27%27The+Princeton+Dictionary+of+Buddhism%27%27%2C+152.+Princeton+University+Press%2C+2014.+http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt46n41q.27.%29
J%C3%B1%C4%81nap%C4%81da+%28autonym%3A+Buddhaj%C3%B1%C4%81na%2C+also+referred+to+as+Buddha%C5%9Br%C4%ABj%C3%B1%C4%81na%2C+%2ABuddhaj%C3%B1%C4%81nap%C4%81da%2C+%2A%C5%9Ar%C4%ABj%C3%B1%C4%81nap%C4%81da%3B+fl.+c.+770%E2%80%93820+CE%29%2C+was+one+of+the+most+influential+figures+of+mature+Indian+esoteric+Buddhism.+He+is+remembered+first+and+foremost+as+the+founder+of+the+earlier+of+the+two+most+important+exegetical+schools+of+the+Guhyasam%C4%81jatantra+%28%E2%86%92BEB+I%2C+Guhyasam%C4%81ja%29%2C+but+he+was+also+very+likely+a+guru+of+some+note+in+the+P%C4%81la+court%2C+the+dominant+power+in+East+India+at+the+time%2C+and+the+first+warden+of+the+famous+Vikrama%C5%9B%C4%ABla+monastery.++%28Source%3A+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fsearch%3Fs.f.s2_parent%3Ds.f.book.encyclopedia-of-buddhism%26search-go%3D%26s.q%3DJ%25C3%25B1%25C4%2581nap%25C4%2581da+Brill+Encyclopedia+of+Buddhism+Online%5D%29 +
Buddhap%C4%81lita.+%28T.+Sangs+rgyas+bskyang%29+%28c.+470%E2%80%94540%29.+An+Indian+Buddhist+scholar+of+the+Madhyamaka+school%2C+who+is+regarded+in+Tibet+as+a+key+figure+of+what+was+dubbed+the+Pr%C4%81sa%E1%B9%85gika+school+of+Madhyamaka.+Little+is+known+about+the+life+of+Buddhap%C4%81lita.+He+is+best+known+for+his+commentary+on+N%C4%81g%C4%81rjuna%27s+%27%27M%C5%ABlamadhyamakak%C4%81rik%C4%81%27%27%2C+a+commentary+that+was+thought+to+survive+only+in+Tibetan+translation%2C+until+the+recent+rediscovery+of+a+Sanskrit+manuscript.+Buddhap%C4%81lita%27s+commentary+bears+a+close+relation+in+some+chapters+to+the+%27%27Akutobhay%C4%81%27%27%2C+another+commentary+on+N%C4%81g%C4%81rjuna%27s+%27%27M%C5%ABlamadhyamakak%C4%81rik%C4%81%27%27+of+uncertain+authorship%2C+which+is+sometimes+attributed+to+N%C4%81g%C4%81rjuna+himself.+In+his+commentary%2C+Buddhap%C4%81lita+does+not+adopt+some+of+the+assumptions+of+the+Buddhist+logical+tradition+of+the+day%2C+including+the+need+to+state+one%27s+position+in+the+form%0Aof+an+autonomous+inference+%28%27%27svatantr%C4%81num%C4%81na%27%27%29.+Instead%2C+Buddhap%C4%81lita+merely+states+an+absurd+consequence+%28%27%27prasa%E1%B9%85ga%27%27%29%0Athat+follows+from+the+opponent%27s+position.+In+his+own+commentary+on+the+first+chapter+of+N%C4%81g%C4%81rjuna%27s+text%2C+Bh%C4%81vaviveka+criticizes+Buddhap%C4%81lita%27s+method%2C+arguing+for+the+need+for+the+Madhyamaka+adept+to+state+his+own+position+after+refuting+the+position+of+the+opponent.+In+his+commentary+on+the+same+chapter%2C+Candrak%C4%ABrti+in+turn+defended+the+approach+of+Buddhap%C4%81lita+and+criticized+Bh%C4%81vaviveka.+It+was+on+the+basis+of+these+three+commentaries+that+later+Tibetan+exegetes+identified+two+schools+within+Madhyamaka%2C+the+Sv%C4%81tantrika%2C+in+which+they+included+Bh%C4%81vaviveka%2C+and+the+Pr%C4%81sa%E1%B9%85gika%2C+in+which+they+included+Buddhap%C4%81lita+and+Candrak%C4%ABrti.+%28Source%3A+%22Buddhap%C4%81lita.%22+In+%27%27The+Princeton+Dictionary+of+Buddhism%27%27%2C+154%E2%80%9355.+Princeton+University+Press%2C+2014.+http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt46n41q.27.%29
Acharya+Buddharakkhita+%281922-2013%29+was+a+Buddhist+monk+and+prolific+writer+who+established+the+Maha+Bodhi+Society+of+Bangalore+and+its+sister+bodies.+It+was+inspired+by+the+Maha+Bodhi+Society+of+Anagarika+Dharmapala%2C+but+is+functionally+independent.+He+was+born+in+Imphal%2C+Manipur%2C+in+1922.+His+parents+were+Vishnupada+and+Sailavaladevi+Bandopadhyaya.+1942%2C+he+took+part+in+the+Quit+India+Movement.%0A%0AHe+joined+the+Indian+defence+services+after+his+graduation+from+the+Institute+of+Engineering+Technology%2C+Calcutta.+He+participated+in+World+War+II%2C+after+which+he+resigned+to+find+truth+and+freedom.+He+became+a+monk+in+1948.+He+travelled+all+over+India+and+also+taught+in+Sri+Lanka+and+Burma.+Finally+he+established+the+Maha+Bodhi+Society+in+Bangalore+to+propagate+Buddhism.%0A%0AIn+1952%2C+Moonasinghe%2C+niece+of+the+Venerable+Anagarika+Dhammapala+Maha+Upasika+%E2%80%94a+well-known+Buddhist+in+Bangalore%2C+known+to+the+Maharaja+donated+him+a+land+for+Maha+Bodhi+Society.+He+also+established+schools%2C+hostels%2C+hospitals+and+an+artificial+limb+centre+for+the+society.+He+had+written+150+books+and+published+two+periodicals.+He+was+honored+with+Abhidhaja+Aggamaha+Saddhammajotika+award+by+the+Myanmar+government.%0A%0AHe+died+at+Maha+Bodhi+Society%2C+Bangalore%2C+on+23+September+2013.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAcharya_Buddharakkhita+Source+Accessed+Mar+23%2C+2019%5D%29 +
Buddhaya%C5%9Bas.+%28C.+Fotuoyeshe%3B+J.+Butsudayasha%3B+K.+Pult%27ayasa+%E4%BD%9B%E9%99%80%E8%80%B6%E8%88%8D%E2%80%8E%29+%28d.u.%3B+fl.+c.+early+fifth+century%29.+A+monk+from+Kashmir+.+.+.++who+became+an+important+early+translator+of+Indic+Buddhist+texts+into+Chinese.+Buddhaya%C5%9Bas+is+said+to+have+memorized+several+million+words+worth+of+both+mainstream+and+Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na+materials+and+became+a+renowned+teacher+in+his+homeland.+He+later+taught+the+Sarv%C4%81stiv%C4%81da+vinaya+to+the+preeminent+translator+Kum%C4%81raj%C4%ABva+and+later+joined+his+star+pupil+in+China%2C+traveling+to+the+capital+of+Chang%27an+at+Kum%C3%A3raj%C4%ABva%27s+invitation+in+408.+While+in+China%2C+he+collaborated+with+the+Chinese+monk+Zhu+Fonian+%28d.u.%29+in+the+translation+of+two+massive+texts+of+the+mainstream+Buddhist+tradition%3A+the+Sifen+L%C3%BC+%28%22Four-Part+Vinaya%2C%22+in+sixty+rolls%29%2C+the+vinaya+collection+of+the+Dharmaguptaka+school%2C+which+would+become+the+definitive+vinaya+used+within+the+Chinese+tradition%3B+and+the+D%C4%ABrgh%C4%81gama%2C+also+generally+presumed+to+be+associated+with+the+Dharmaguptakas.+Even+after+returning+to+Kashmir+four+years+later%2C+Buddhaya%C5%9Bas+is+said+to+have+continued+with+his+translation+work%2C+eventually+sending+back+to+China+his+rendering+of+the+%27%27%C4%80k%C4%81%C5%9Bagarbhas%C5%ABtra%27%27.+%28Source%3A+%22Buddhaya%C5%9Bas.%22+In+%27%27The+Princeton+Dictionary+of+Buddhism%27%27%2C+157.+Princeton+University+Press%2C+2014.+http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt46n41q.27.%29 +
Buddha%C5%9Br%C4%AB+was+an+important+Sakya+master+active+in+western+central+Tibet+in+the+late+fourteenth+and+early+fifteenth+century.+He+was+an+important+Lamdre+master+who+passed+on+that+teaching+cycle+to+Ngorchen+Kunga+Zangpo. +
Buddha%C5%9B%C4%81nta.+A+north+Indian+%2Amonk+who+went+to+%2AChina+in+511+CE+where+he+cooperated+with+%2ABodhiruci+in+translating+the+%2A%27%27Da%C5%9Babhumika+S%C5%ABtra%27%27.+Later+he+worked+on+a+version+of+the+%2A%27%27Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na-sa%E1%B9%83graha%27%27+and+other+texts.+%28Source%3A+%22Buddha%C5%9B%C4%81nta.%22+In+%27%27A+Dictionary+of+Buddhism%27%27%2C+45.+Oxford+University+Press%2C+2003%29 +
Katia+Buffetrille+is+a+French+ethnologist+and+tibetologist.+She+works+at+the+%C3%89cole+pratique+des+hautes+%C3%A9tudes+%28EPHE+5th+section%29.+Her+doctoral+thesis+is+entitled+%27%27Montagnes+sacr%C3%A9es%2C+lacs+et+grottes+%3A+lieux+de+p%C3%A8lerinage+dans+le+monde+tib%C3%A9tain.+Traditions+%C3%A9crites.+R%C3%A9alit%C3%A9s+vivantes%27%27+%28thesis+national+number%3A+1996PA100065%29.+She+has+done+fieldwork+in+Tibet+and+Nepal%2C+researching+pilgrimage%2C+non-Buddhist+beliefs%2C+and+sacred+geography.%0A%0AShe+is+in+charge+of+a+seminar+on+rituals+at+the+CRCAO+%28Centre+de+recherches+sur+les+civilisations+de+l%27Asie+orientale%3B+UMR+8155%29+and+is+editor+of+the+journal+%27%27%C3%89tudes+mongoles%2C+sib%C3%A9riennes%2C+centrasiatiques+et+tib%C3%A9taines+%28EMSCAT%29%27%27.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKatia_Buffetrille+Source+Accessed+Sep+23%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Leonard+A.+Bullen+was+one+of+the+pioneers+of+the+Buddhist+movement+in+Australia.+He+was+the+first+president+of+the+Buddhist+Society+of+Victoria+when+it+was+established+in+1953+and+one+of+the+first+office-bearers+of+the+executive+committee+of+the+Buddhist+Federation+of+Australia.+He+was+also+a+coeditor+of+the+Buddhist+journal+%27%27Metta%27%27.+He+passed+away+in+1984+at+the+age+of+76.%0A%0AHis+other+publications+issued+by+BPS+are+%27%27A+Technique+of+Living%27%27+%28Wheel+No.+226%2F230%29+and+%22Action+and+Reaction+in+Buddhist+Teaching%22+in+%27%27Kamma+and+Its+Fruit%27%27+%28Wheel+No.+221%2F224%29.+%28https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhammawiki.com%2Findex.php%2FLeonard_A._Bullen+Source+Accessed+Mar+30%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Anne+Burchardi+took+refuge+with+Ven.+Kalu+Rinpoche+in+1976.++%0AIn+1978+she+became+a+student+of+Khenpo+Tsultrim+Gyamtso+Rinpoche+and+started+her+education+as+a+Tibetan+translator+with+him.+%0A%0A1978%E2%80%931980+she+was+the+secretary+of+Center+for+Tibetan+Buddhism%2C+Karma+Drub+Djy+Ling%2C+Copenhagen%2C+Denmark.+%0A1978-1979+she+was+secretary+at+The+Ethnographical+Department+of+The+National+Museum%2C+Copenhagen.+%0AIn+1980+she+became+a+member+of+The+Translating+Board+of+Kagyu+Tekchen+Shedra%2C+International+Educational+Institute+of+Higher+Learning%2C+Bruxelles%2C+Belgium.+%0A%0AShe+lived+in+Kathmandu+from+1984%E2%80%931992+and+in+1986+she+became+Teacher+at+Marpa+Institute+for+Translation%2C+Kathmandu%2C+Nepal.+1988%E2%80%931991+she+was+secretary+and+course+coordinator+at+Marpa+Institute+for+Translation.+From+1986+to+2015+she+was+interpreter+for+various+Tibetan+Lamas+of+the+Kagyu%2C+Nyingma%2C+and+Gelukpa+lineages+teaching+Buddhism+mainly+in+Europe+and+Asia%2C+and+occasionally+in+the+USA+and+Canada.%0A%0A1997%E2%80%932002+she+was+Teaching+Assistant+in+Tibetan+Language+Studies%2C+at+The+Asian+Insitute%2C+University+of+Copenhagen.+%0A1999%E2%80%932015+she+was+Associate+Professor+in+Tibetology%2C+Department+of+Asian+Studies%2C+Institute+of+Cross+Cultural+%26+Regional+Studies%2C+University+of+Copenhagen.+%0A1999-2007+she+was+Research+Librarian+and+Curator%2C+Tibetan+Section%2C+Department+of+Orientalia+%26+Judaica%2C+The+Royal+Library+of+Denmark%2C+Copenhagen.+%0A%0A2000+She+was+Consultant+for+Tibet%2C+International+Development+Partners%2C+DANIDA%2C+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs%2C+in+Lhasa+and+Denmark.%0A2001-2015+she+was+Lecturer+on+Buddhism+and+Tibetan+Culture+at+The+Public+University%2C+Copenhagen+%26+Aarhus.%0A2002%E2%80%932010+she+was+Researcher+and+Consultant++at+The+Twinning+Library+Project%2C+between+The+National+Library+of+Bhutan%2C+Thimphu+and+The+Royal+Library+of+Denmark%2C+Copenhagen.%0A2004%E2%80%932005+she+was+Visiting+Professor+at+Deparmnet+of+Religion%2C+Naropa+University%2C+Boulder%2C+CO.%0A%0A2005%E2%80%932015+she+was+Lecturer+on+Buddhism+at+Pende+Ling%2C+Center+for+Tibetan+Buddhism%2C+Copenhagen.%0A2007%E2%80%932015+she+was+Lecturer+on+Buddhist+Studies%2C+The+Buddhist+University%2C+Pende+Ling%2C+Copenhagen.%0A%0A2010+She+was+for+Consultant+for+Liason+Office+of+Denmark%2C+Thimphu%2C+Bhutan%2C+DANIDA%2C+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs%2C+Copenhagen.%0A2011-2013+She+was+a+Culture+Guide+in+Nepal%2C+Bhutan%2C+and+Tibet+for+Cramon+Travels+and+for+Kipling+Travels.%0A2012%E2%80%932020++She+was+a+translator+for+the+84000+project.%0A%28Source%3A+Anne+Burchardi+Email%2C+Jan+18%2C+2021.%29
French+Orientalist+and+seminal+figure+in+the+development+of+Buddhist+Studies+as+an+academic+discipline.+He+was+born+in+Paris+on+April+8%2C+1801%2C+the+son+of+the+distinguished+classicist+Jean-Louis+Burnouf+%281773%E2%80%931844%29.+He+received+instruction+in+Greek+and+Latin+from+his+father+and+studied+at+the+Lyc%C3%A9e+Louis-le-Grand.+He+entered+the+%C3%89cole+des+Chartes+in+1822%2C+receiving+degrees+in+both+letters+and+law+in+1824.+He+then+turned+to+the+study+of+Sanskrit%2C+both+with+his+father+and+with+Antoine+L%C3%A9onard+de+Ch%C3%A9zy+%281773%E2%80%931832%29.+In+1826%2C+Burnouf+published%2C+in+collaboration+with+the+young+Norwegian-German+scholar+Christian+Lassen+%281800%E2%80%931876%29%2C+%27%27Essai+sur+le+p%C3%A2li%27%27+%28%E2%80%9CEssay+on+P%C4%81li%E2%80%9D%29.+After+the+death+of+Ch%C3%A9zy%2C+Burnouf+was+appointed+to+succeed+his+teacher+in+the+chair+of+Sanskrit+at+the+Coll%C3%A8ge+de+France.+His+students+included+some+of+the+greatest+scholars+of+the+day%3B+those+who+would+contribute+to+Buddhist+studies+included+Philippe+Edouard+Foucaux+%281811%E2%80%931894%29+and+Friedrich+Max+M%C3%BCller.+Shortly+after+his+appointment+to+the+chair+of+Sanskrit%2C+the+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+Asiatique%2C+of+which+Burnouf+was+secretary%2C+received+a+communication+from+Brian+Houghton+Hodgson%2C+British+resident+at+the+court+of+Nepal%2C+offering+to+send+Sanskrit+manuscripts+of+Buddhist+texts+to+Paris.+The+receipt+of+these+texts+changed+the+direction+of+Burnouf%27s+scholarship+for+the+remainder+his+life.+After+perusing+the+%27%27A%E1%B9%A3tas%C4%81hasrik%C4%81praj%C3%B1%C4%81p%C3%A3ramit%C4%81%27%27+and+the+%27%27Lalitavistara%27%27%2C+he+decided+to+translate+the+%27%27Saddharmapu%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Dar%C4%ABkas%C5%ABtra%27%27.+Having+completed+the+translation%2C+he+decided+to+precede+its+publication+with+a+series+of+studies.+He+completed+only+the+first+of+these%2C+published+in+1844+as+%27%27Introduction+%C3%A0+l%E2%80%99histoire+du+Buddhisme+indien%27%27.+This+massive+work+is+regarded+as+the+foundational+text+for+the+academic+study+of+Buddhism+in+the+West.+%28Source%3A+%22Burnouf%2C+Eug%C3%A8ne.%22+In+%27%27The+Princeton+Dictionary+of+Buddhism%27%27%2C+158.+Princeton+University+Press%2C+2014.+http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt46n41q.27.%29
Douglas+Burns%2C+M.D.+was+an+American+psychiatrist+who+intensely+studied+and+practiced+Buddhism+in+Thailand.+He+was+last+seen+in+Bangkok+in+1975+before+leaving+on+a+trip+to+southern+Thailand.+He+was+presumed+dead%2C+but+mystery+surrounds+his+disappearance.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhammawiki.com%2Findex.php%2FDouglas_Burns+Source+Accessed+April+6%2C+2019%5D%29 +
Dr.+Ron+Burr+has+been+a+philosophy+and+religious+studies+professor+for+over+two+decades+with+the+University+of+Southern+Mississippi+%5Bwww.usm.edu%5D.+Ron+has+more+than+20+years+of+leadership+training+experience+in+companies+and+non-profits.+He+has+worked+with+the+Fulbright+Commission+%5Bwww.fulbright.co.uk%5D+where+he+helped+institute+business+ethics+programs+in+Thailand%2C+Malaysia%2C+Singapore+and+the+Philippines%2C+and+with+the+Center+for+Creative+Leadership+%5Bwww.ccl.org%2Fleadership%2Findex.aspx%5D+where+he+conducted+numerous+training+events+for+Fortune+500+companies.%0A%0ARon+was+instrumental+in+creating+Religious+Youth+Service%27s+experience-based%2C+service+learning+model.+He+has+served+as+a+RYS+project+and+educational+leader+in+Spain%2C+Italy%2C+Poland%2C+Czech+Republic%2C+Turkey%2C+Dominican+Republic%2C+Taiwan%2C+Mongolia%2C+Sri+Lanka%2C+India%2C+Thailand%2C+the+Philippines%2C+Trinidad%2C+Guatemala%2C+The+U.K.%2C+Jamaica+and+Estonia.%0A%0AAfter+earning+his+Ph.D.+in+comparative+philosophy+at+the+University+of+California+%5Bwww.ucsb.edu%5D%2C+Santa+Barbara%2C+Ron+studied+Buddhism+in+Thailand%2C+Taiwan%2C+Sri+Lanka+and+Japan.+He+also+pursued+post-doctoral+studies+with+the+best+known+comparative+religionists+of+the+twentieth+century%3A+Huston+Smith+%5Bwww.hustonsmith.net%5D+and+Ninian+Smart+%5Bwww.scottlondon.com%2Finterviews%2Fsmart.html%5D.++In+addition+to+the+Fulbright+Ron+has+been+the+recipient+of+many+private+and+national+government+grants.++He+edited+a+lengthy+book+on+comparative+philosophy+and+religion+and+has+a+long+list+of+other+publications+in+these+fields.+%28%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.religiousyouthservice.org%2Fabout%2Fleadership%2Fburr.htm+Source+Accessed+June+14%2C+2023%5D%29 +
William+Bushell%2C+PhD%2C+has+been+researching+and+lecturing+on+the+health-enhancing+and+anti-aging+effects+of+meditation+and+yoga+for+many+years+at+Harvard%2C+MIT%2C+and+Columbia%2C+as+a+Fulbright+Scholar+and+at+the+Salk+Institute.+He+has+collaborated+with+Robert+Thurman+and+His+Holiness+the+Dalai+Lama+on+conferences+and+research+projects.%0A%0ADr.+William+Bushell+is+at+the+forefront+of+research+into+the+mental+and+physical+effects+of+advanced+yogic+practice+of+the+Indo-Tibetan+and+other+traditions.+His+wide-ranging+work+seeks+to+integrate+western+scientific+models+with+traditional+Tibetan+tantric+systems%2C+and+has+been+presented+at+many+venues+and+institutions%2C+including+recently+at+the+Meetings+of+the+Society+for+Neuroscience%2C+MIT+%26+the+Salk+Institute.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fthus.org%2Ffaculty-friends%2Fwilliam-bushell-ph-d%2F+Source+Accessed+Dec+1%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Dipl%C3%B4m%C3%A9e+de+l%27Institut+d%27art+et+d%27arch%C3%A9ologie+de+Paris.%0AElle+a+traduit+de+l%27anglais+et+du+tib%C3%A9tain.%0AG%C3%A9rard+et+Carisse+Busquet%2C+passionn%C3%A9s+d%E2%80%99histoire+et+d%E2%80%99arch%C3%A9ologie%2C+grands+voyageurs%2C+vivent+au+N%C3%A9pal+depuis+plus+de+vingt+ans.+Ils+ont+r%C3%A9dig%C3%A9+de+nombreux+ouvrages+sur+l%E2%80%99Inde%2C+le+N%C3%A9pal+et+Sri+Lanka.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.babelio.com%2Fauteur%2FCarisse-Busquet%2F164461+Source+Accessed+April+6%2C+2023%5D%29 +
G%C3%A9rard+Busquet%2C+82+ans%2C+a+%C3%A9t%C3%A9+r%C3%A9alisateur+de+documentaires+et+courts-m%C3%A9trages+au+Bangladesh+%281965-1971%29%2C+correspondant+de+l%E2%80%99Agence+France+Presse+%C3%A0+Dhaka+%281971-1975%29%2C+correspondant+du+Figaro+pour+l%E2%80%99Asie+du+Sud+%C3%A0+Delhi+%281975-1977%29.+Il+est+l%E2%80%99auteur+de+nombreux+livres+sur+l%E2%80%99Asie+du+Sud+%3A+%C3%80+l%E2%80%99%C3%A9coute+de+l%E2%80%99Inde+%28Transbor%C3%A9al%2C+2013%29+%3B+Tableaux+du+Rajasthan%2C+avec+Carisse+Beaune-Busquet+%28Arthaud%2FFlammarion%2C+2003%29+%3B+Le+tombeau+de+l%E2%80%99%C3%A9l%C3%A9phant+d%E2%80%99Asie%2C+avec+M.+Cohen+%28%C3%A9ditions+Chandeigne%2C+2002%29%2C+prix+du+Petit+Gaillon+2002%E2%80%A6+et+traducteur+de+divers+ouvrages+en+anglais.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Frevue-ultreia.com%2Fcontributeurs%2Fgerard-busquet%2F+Source+Accessed+April+6%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Robert+E.+Buswell+Jr.%2C+Distinguished+Professor+of+Buddhist+Studies+in+the+UCLA+Department+of+Asian+Languages+and+Cultures%2C+is+the+Irving+and+Jean+Stone+Chair+in+Humanities+at+UCLA%2C+and+the+founding+director+of+the+university%E2%80%99s+Center+for+Buddhist+Studies+and+Center+for+Korean+Studies.+From+2009-2011%2C+he+served+concurrently+as+founding+director+of+the+Dongguk+Institute+for+Buddhist+Studies+Research+%28Pulgyo+Haksurwon%29+at+Dongguk+University+in+Seoul%2C+Korea.%3Cbr%3E%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3BHe+is+widely+considered+to+be+the+premier+Western+scholar+on+Korean+Buddhism+and+one+of+the+top+specialists+on+the+East+Asian+Zen+tradition.+Buswell+also+served+as+editor-in-chief+of+the+two-volume+Encyclopedia+of+Buddhism+%28Macmillan+Reference%2C+2004%29%2C+and+coeditor+%28with+Donald+S.+Lopez%2C+Jr.%29+of+the+%5Bnow+published%5D+one-million+word+%5BPrinceton%5D+Dictionary+of+Buddhism.+In+2009%2C+Buswell+was+awarded+the+Manhae+Prize+from+the+Chogye+Order+in+recognition+of+his+pioneering+contributions+to+Korean+Buddhist+Studies+in+the+West.+Buswell+was+elected+president+of+the+Association+for+Asian+Studies+%28AAS%29+for+2008-2009%2C+the+first+time+a+Koreanist+or+Buddhologist+has+ever+held+the+position%2C+and+served+as+past-president+and+past-past-president+in+subsequent+years.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.alc.ucla.edu%2Fperson%2Frobert-e-buswell%2F+Source+Accessed+Nov+25+2019%5D%29 +
Albion+M.+Butters+%28Masters+of+Theological+Studies%2C+Harvard+Divinity+School%3B+Fulbright+scholar%2C+India%3B+Ph.D.%2C+History+of+Religion%2C+Columbia+University%29+has+a+specialization+in+Indo-Tibetan+Buddhism.+As+an+Academy+of+Finland+Research+Fellow%2C+he+is+currently+engaged+in+a+study+on+ideological+aspects+of+%22Campus+Carry%22+in+Texas%2C+focusing+in+particular+on+fear+and+affect%2C+power%2C+and+intersections+between+gun+culture+and+religiosity.%0A%0AButters+is+the+editor+of+Studia+Orientalia+Electronica%2C+an+online+peer-reviewed+imprint+of+the+Studia+Orientalia+journal+%28est.+1917%2C+Finnish+Oriental+Society%29.+His+multidisciplinary+research+interests+include+questions+of+identity+and+meaning-making%2C+shifting+ideologies+%28religious+and+secular%29%2C+and+the+integration+of+spiritual+themes+in+popular+culture.+Forthcoming+is+his+monograph+titled+Spi-Fi%3A+Spiritual+Fiction+in+Comics%2C+which+examines+the+significance+of+stories+and+art+for+identity+construction+and+personal+transformation%3B+supported+by+the+Kone+Foundation%2C+this+research+project+was+inspired+by+Butters%E2%80%99+involvement+as+one+of+the+creators+of+the+graphic+novel+Mandala+%28Dark+Horse+Comics%2C+2014%29.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Futu.academia.edu%2FAlbionButters+Source+Academia.edu%5D%29 +
Jangchub+Tsemo+was+a+translator+of+Sanskrit+grammatical+treatises+and+Tantric+commentaries.+A+student+of+Pang+Lots%C4%81wa%2C+who+was+his+maternal+uncle%2C+he+taught+grammar+and+K%C4%81lacakra+to+many+of+the+era%27s+prominent+lamas%2C+including+Tsongkhapa. +
A+teacher+of+Rin+chen+bzang+po%2C+the+second+gangs+dkar+bla+ma%2C+%28b.1317+%E2%80%93+d.1383%29.+From+1335+onward%2C+he+was+active+at+Gsang+phu+in+Central+Tibet.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Flibrary.bdrc.io%2Fshow%2Fbdr%3AP1827+Source+Accessed+Feb+8%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Tone+Gleditsch+Stabell+%28born+31+May+1966+in+T%C3%B8nsberg%29+is+a+Norwegian+author+who+has+especially+written+poetry+and+children%27s+books+.+She+grew+up+as+Tone+Lie+and+published+books+under+the+name+Tone+Lie+B%C3%B8ttinger+from+1991+to+2004.+As+an+adult%2C+she+studied+teacher+training+at+Vestfold+University+College+.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Ftranslate.google.com%2Ftranslate%3Fhl%3Den%26sl%3Dno%26u%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTone_Gleditsch_Stabell%26prev%3Dsearch%26pto%3Daue+Source+Accesed+Mar+23%2C+2021%5D%29 +
C
Jos%C3%A9+Ignacio+Cabez%C3%B3n+is+XIVth+Dalai+Lama+Professor+of+Tibetan+Buddhism+and+Cultural+Studies%2C+and+former+chair+of+the+Religious+Studies+Department+at+UC+Santa+Barbara.+He+has+published+a+dozen+books+and+numerous+articles+related+to+Tibetan+and+Buddhist+Studies+including+several+translations.+His+most+recent+books+include+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwisdomexperience.org%2Fproduct%2Fsera-monastery%2F+%27%27Sera+Monastery%27%27%5D+%28Wisdom+2019%29%2C+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwisdomexperience.org%2Fproduct%2Fsexuality-classical-south-asian-buddhism%2F+%27%27Sexuality+in+Classical+South+Asian+Buddhism%27%27%5D+%28Wisdom+2017%29%2C+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.shambhala.com%2Fthe-just-king-14972.html+%27%27The+Just+King%27%27%5D+%28Snow+Lion+2017%29%2C+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordscholarship.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780199958603.001.0001%2Facprof-9780199958603+%27%27The+Buddhist+Doctrine+and+the+Nine+Vehicles%27%27%5D+%28Oxford+2012%29%2C+and+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fglobal.oup.com%2Facademic%2Fproduct%2Ftibetan-ritual-9780195392821%3Fq%3DTibetan%2520Ritual%26lang%3Den%26cc%3Dus+%27%27Tibetan+Ritual%27%27%5D+%28Oxford+2010%29. +
17th+cent.+explorer%3B+Portuguese +
During+the+last+part+of+the+twentieth+century%2C+from+the+1980s+onwards%2C+he+was+one+of+the+most+important+figures+in+Italian+Sinology+in+the+field+of+classical+literary+and+religious+studies.+The+subject+of+his+degree+thesis+presented+in+the+academic+year+1978-79+%28Yulu+and+denglu+of+the+Chan+Buddhist+school+as+a+source+for+the+study+of+vernacular+elements+of+%22Middle+Chinese%22%29+already+demonstrated+the+two+aspects+that+proved+to+be+fundamental+cornerstones+of+his+research+activity%3A+a+focus+on+the+expressions+of+the+Chinese+religious-philosophical+tradition+%28Chan%2C+and+later+especially+Daoism%29+and+the+centrality+of+a+language-based+approach%2C+the+vehicle+of+such+expressions.+Hallmarks+of+Alfredo%27s+academic+writing%2C+teaching+and+thinking+have+always+been+close+readings+of+the+sources+that+transcend+any+form+of+hermeneutical+relativism%2C+readings+that+are+grounded+in+the+keen+quest+for+meaning+and+the+underlying+semantic+landscape.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fchinesestudies.eu%2F2020%2Fin-memoriam-alfredo-mario-cadonna-1948-2020%2F+Source+Accessed+Feb+27%2C+2023%5D%29 +