Search by property

This page provides a simple browsing interface for finding entities described by a property and a named value. Other available search interfaces include the page property search, and the ask query builder.

List of results

• Ñāṇamoli Bhikkhu  + (%C3%91%C4%81%E1%B9%87amoli+Bhikkhu+%28born … %C3%91%C4%81%E1%B9%87amoli+Bhikkhu+%28born+Osbert+John+S.+Moore%3B+25+June+1905+%E2%80%93+8+March+1960%29+was+a+British+Theravada+Buddhist+monk+and+translator+of+Pali+literature.%0A%0ABorn+in+Cambridge%2C+Osbert+was+the+only+child+of+biologist+John+Edmund+Sharrock+Moore+and+Heloise+Moore+%28n%C3%A9e+Salvin%29.+He+was+named+after+Heloise%27s+father%2C+the+naturalist+Osbert+Salvin.+He+studied+modern+languages+at+Exeter+College%2C+Oxford.+He+helped+a+friend+to+run+an+antiques+shop+before+joining+the+army+at+the+outbreak+of+World+War+II%2C+joining+the+anti-aircraft+regiment+before+being+transferred+to+the+Intelligence+Corps+officer-cadet+training+camp.+He+was+posted+to+a+camp+on+the+Isle+of+Man+to+help+oversee+Italian+internees.%0A%0AIn+1944+he+was+posted+to+Italy+serving+as+an+intelligence+officer+interrogating+spies+and+saboteurs.+During+this+period+he+discovered+Buddhism+via+Julius+Evola%27s+%27%27The+Doctrine+of+Awakening%27%27%2C+a+Nietzschean+interpretation+of+Buddhism.+This+work+had+been+translated+by+his+friend+Harold+Edward+Musson%2C+also+an+intelligence+officer+serving+in+Italy.%0A%0AAfter+the+war+Moore+joined+the+Italian+section+of+the+BBC.+Moore+and+Musson%2C+who+shared+a+flat+in+London%2C+were+quite+disillusioned+with+their+lives+and+left+to+Sri+Lanka+in+1949+to+become+Buddhist+monks.+On+24+April+1949+they+received+the+novice+%28samanera%29+ordination+or+going+forth%2C+%27%27pabbajj%C4%81%27%27%2C+from+%C3%91%C4%81%E1%B9%87atiloka+at+the+Island+Hermitage.+In+1950+they+received+their+bhikkhu+ordination+at+Vajirarama+Temple+Colombo.+%C3%91%C4%81%E1%B9%87amoli+spent+almost+his+entire+monk+life+of+eleven+years+at+the+Island+Hermitage.%0A%0AAfter+having+been+taught+the+basics+of+Pali+by+Nyanatiloka+Mahathera%2C+%C3%91%C4%81%E1%B9%87amoli+acquired+a+remarkable+command+of+the+Pali+language+and+a+wide+knowledge+of+the+canonical+scriptures+within+a+comparatively+short+time.+He+is+remembered+for+his+reliable+translations+from+the+Pali+into+English%2C+mostly+of+abstruse+texts+such+as+the+Nettippakara%E1%B9%87a+which+are+considered+difficult+to+translate.+He+also+wrote+essays+on+aspects+of+Buddhism.+By+1956+he+had+translated+%27%27Visuddhimagga%27%27+into+English+and+got+it+published+as+%27%27The+Path+of+Purification%27%27.+He+also+compiled+%27%27The+Life+of+the+Buddha%27%27%2C+a+reliable+and+popular+biography+of+the+Buddha+based+on+authentic+records+in+the+Pali+Canon.+His+notes+with+his+philosophical+thoughts+were+compiled+by+Nyanaponika+Thera+and+published+as+%27%27A+Thinker%27s+Note+Book%27%27.%0A%0AHis+handwritten+draft+translation+of+the+Majjhima+Nikaya+was+typed+out+after+his+death+and+edited+by+Bhikkhu+Khantipalo%2C+and+partly+published+as+%27%27A+Treasury+of+the+Buddha%27s+Discourses%27%27+and+then+edited+again+by+Bhikkhu+Bodhi+and+published+as+%27%27Middle+Length+Discourse+of+the+Buddha%27%27+and+published+by+Wisdom+Publications+in+1995.+Other+draft+translations%2C+edited+and+published+after+his+death%2C+are+%27%27The+Path+of+Discrimination%27%27+%28%27%27Pa%E1%B9%ADisambhid%C4%81magga%27%27%29+and+%27%27Dispeller+of+Delusion%27%27+%28%27%27Sammohavinodan%C4%AB%27%27%29.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25C3%2591%25C4%2581%25E1%25B9%2587amoli_Bhikkhu+Source+Accessed+May+18%2C+2021%5D%29ikkhu+Source+Accessed+May+18%2C+2021%5D%29)
• Ösel Tendzin  + (%C3%96sel+Tendzin+%28Thomas+F.+Rich%29+was … %C3%96sel+Tendzin+%28Thomas+F.+Rich%29+was+Vajra+Regent+and+dharma+heir+of+the+Vidyadhara+Chogyam+Trungpa+Rinpoche.+As+such%2C+he+was+the+first+American+accepted+as+a+lineage+holder+of+the+Kagyu+tradition+of+vajrayana+Buddhism.+Osel+Tendzin+was+co-founder+of+Shambhala+Training+and+author+of+Buddha+in+the+Palm+of+Your+Hand.+Following+Trungpa+Rinpoche%E2%80%99s+death+in+1987%2C+he+was+President+of+Vajradhatu+and+the+Nalanda+Foundation+until+his+own+death+in+1990.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.lionsroar.com%2Fauthor%2Fosel-tendzin%2F+Source+Accessed+Oct+2%2C+2024%5D%29zin%2F+Source+Accessed+Oct+2%2C+2024%5D%29)
• Ācārya Gyaltsen Namdol  + (%C4%80c%C4%81rya+Gyaltsen+Namdol+is+a+Tibe … %C4%80c%C4%81rya+Gyaltsen+Namdol+is+a+Tibetan+scholar+and+translator+who+has+made+significant+contributions+to+the+field+of+Buddhist+studies.+He+has+worked+extensively+on+translating+and+critically+editing+important+Buddhist+texts+from+Sanskrit+and+Tibetan.+Some+of+his+notable+works+include%3A%0A%2ATranslating+and+critically+editing+the+Dharmasa%E1%B9%83gra%E1%B8%A5+by+%C4%80c%C4%81rya+N%C4%81g%C4%81rjuna+in+1988.%0A%2ARestoring%2C+translating%2C+and+critically+editing+Bh%C4%81van%C4%81krama+I%2C+II%2C+III+by+%C4%80c%C4%81rya+Kamala%C5%9B%C4%ABla+in+1985+and+1997.%0A%2ATranslating+and+critically+editing+various+works+by+%C4%80c%C4%81rya+N%C4%81g%C4%81rjuna%2C+including+Prat%C4%ABtyasamutp%C4%81dah%E1%B9%9Bdaya%2C+%C4%80ryadharmadh%C4%81tugarbhavivara%E1%B9%87a%2C+and+Catu%E1%B8%A5stava%E1%B8%A5.%0A%2ACritically+editing+Pi%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%ABkrama+%26+Pa%C3%B1cakrama+of+%C4%80c%C4%81rya+N%C4%81g%C4%81rjuna.%0A%2ATranslating+Tsongkhapa%27s+Mah%C4%81vipa%C5%9Byan%C4%81+into+Hindi+in+2012.%0A%0AGyaltsen+Namdol+has+been+associated+with+the+Central+Institute+of+Higher+Tibetan+Studies+%28now+Central+University+of+Tibetan+Studies%29+in+India%2C+where+he+worked+in+the+Restoration+Department.+His+work+has+been+recognized+with+awards+from+the+U.P.+Sanskrit+Sansthan+%28Academy%29.+%28Generated+by+Perplexity+Jan+10%2C+2025%298Generated+by+Perplexity+Jan+10%2C+2025%29)
• Āryaśūra  + (%C4%80rya%C5%9B%C5%ABra+was+a+fourth-centu … %C4%80rya%C5%9B%C5%ABra+was+a+fourth-century+C.E.+Sanskrit+poet.+His+famous+work%2C+the+%27%27J%C4%81takam%C4%81l%C4%81%27%27+%28%27%27Garland+of+J%C4%81takas%27%27%29%2C+contains+thirty-four+stories+about+the+noble+deeds+of+the+Buddha+in+previous+incarnations%2C+exemplifying+in+particular+the+P%C4%81ramit%C4%81+%28perfection%29+of+generosity%2C+morality%2C+and+patience.+Written+in+prose+interspersed+with+verse%2C+it+is+one+of+the+Buddhist+masterpieces+of+classical+Sanskrit+literature.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Freligion%2Fencyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps%2Faryasura+Source+Accessed+Mar+23%2C+2021%5D%29asura+Source+Accessed+Mar+23%2C+2021%5D%29)
• Āryadeva  + (%C4%80ryadeva+%283rd+century%29%2C+a+disci … %C4%80ryadeva+%283rd+century%29%2C+a+disciple+of+N%C4%81g%C4%81rjuna%2C+is+a+central+figure+in+the+development+of+early+Indian+Madhyamaka+philosophy.+%C4%80ryadeva%E2%80%99s+Hundred+Verses+Treatise+%28Bai+lun%29+was+one+of+the+three+basic+texts+of+the+Chinese+Madhyamaka+school+founded+by+the+central+Asian+monk+Kum%C4%81raj%C4%ABva+%28b.+344%E2%80%93d.+413%29%2C+which+accordingly+was+called+the+Sanlun+%28Jpn.+Sanron%29%2C+or+%E2%80%9Cthree-treatise%E2%80%9D+school.+According+to+the+biography+that+Kum%C4%81raj%C4%ABva+translated+into+Chinese%2C+%C4%80ryadeva+was+born+into+a+South+Indian+Brahmin+family%2C+became+N%C4%81g%C4%81rjuna%E2%80%99s+disciple%2C+was+renowned+for+his+skill+in+debate%2C+and+was+murdered+by+a+student+of+a+defeated+teacher.+Candrak%C4%ABrti+%28b.+c.+570%E2%80%93d.+650%29%2C+in+his+commentary+on+%C4%80ryadeva%E2%80%99s+major+work%2C+the+Four+Hundred+Verses+%28Catu%E1%B8%A5%C5%9Bataka%29%2C+reports+that+%C4%80ryadeva+was+born+on+the+island+of+Sinhala+%28Sri+Lanka%29+as+a+king%E2%80%99s+son%2C+renounced+his+royal+status%2C+became+a+monk%2C+and+traveled+to+South+India%2C+where+he+studied+with+N%C4%81g%C4%81rjuna.+Some+scholars+suggest+that+%C4%80ryadeva+is+the+elder+deva+mentioned+in+the+Mah%C4%81va%E1%B9%83sa+and+D%C4%ABpava%E1%B9%83sa+chronicles+of+early+Sri+Lankan+religious+history.+%C4%80ryadeva+did+not+write+commentaries+on+N%C4%81g%C4%81rjuna%E2%80%99s+works+but%2C+rather%2C+wrote+autonomous+treatises+that+defended+Madhyamaka+beliefs+against+its+Buddhist+and+non-Buddhist+critics.+He+devotes+the+first+eight+chapters+to+explaining+ethical+behavior+and+such+practices+as+generosity%2C+which+form+the+basis+for+the+bodhisattva%E2%80%99s+accumulation+of+merit+%28pu%E1%B9%87ya%29.+The+latter+eight+chapters+refute+wrong+views+about+the+independent+existence+of+external+phenomena+and+the+self%2C+defending+the+Madhyamaka+philosophy+of+emptiness+and+the+dependently+arisen+nature+of+all+things.+The+Catu%E1%B8%A5%C5%9Bataka+presents+the+path+to+the+attainment+of+buddhahood+as+structured+around+these+two+requisites+of+merit+and+knowledge+%28j%C3%B1%C4%81na%29.+As+an+introduction+to+the+practices+of+a+bodhisattva%2C+the+Catu%E1%B8%A5%C5%9Bataka+prepares+the+ground+for+%C5%9A%C4%81ntideva%E2%80%99s+later+%28c.+8th-century%29+and+more+extensive+treatment+in+Introduction+to+the+Practices+of+a+Bodhisattva+%28Bodhicary%C4%81vat%C4%81ra%29.+Apart+from+some+fragments+of+the+Catu%E1%B8%A5%C5%9Bataka%2C+none+of+the+works+the+Chinese+and+Tibetan+canons+attributed+to+%C4%80ryadeva+survive+in+Sanskrit.+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordbibliographies.com%2Fview%2Fdocument%2Fobo-9780195393521%2Fobo-9780195393521-0065.xml+From+Oxford+Bibliogrpahies+%5D%0A%0A%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F39006061%2F%25C4%2580ryadeva_full_version_+See+Tillemans+article+on+%C4%80ryadeva%5D+appearing+in+the+forthcoming+2022+Routledge+Handbook+of+Indian+Buddhist+Philosophy+%28McClintock%2C+Edelglass%2C+and+Pierre-Julien+Harter%29.+Edelglass%2C+and+Pierre-Julien+Harter%29.)
• Śākya Lodro  + (%C5%9A%C4%81kya+blo+gros%2C+Tibetan+transl … %C5%9A%C4%81kya+blo+gros%2C+Tibetan+translator%2C+ca.+10th-11th+Century+A.D.%0A+%0A%2A%27%27Bya%E1%B9%85+chub+sems+dpa%27i+spyod+pa+la+%27jug+pa%27%27+%28Tibetan+translation+of+%27%27Bodhicary%C4%81vat%C4%81ra%27%27%29%2C+in+Tg%2C+vol.+la+1b1-40a7+%28with+Dharma%C5%9Br%C4%ABbhadra+and+Rin+chen+bza%E1%B9%85+po%29.+Bca%0A%2A%27%27Brgya+l%E1%B9%85a+bcu+pa+%C5%BAes+bya+ba%27i+bstod+pa%27%27+%28Tibetan+translation+of+%27%27%C5%9Aatapa%C3%B1c%C4%81%C5%9Batka%27%27%29%2C+Tg+bstod+tshogs+ka+110a3-116a5.%0A%2A%27%27Brgya+l%E1%B9%85a+bcu+pa+%C5%BAes+bya+ba%27i+bstod+pa%27i+%E2%80%99grel+pa%27%27%2C+Tg+bstod+tshogs+ka+116a5-178a1.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww2.hf.uio.no%2Fpolyglotta%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dperson%26bid%3D2%26vid%3D%26entity%3D106+Source+Accessed+Aug+31%2C+2021%5D%293D106+Source+Accessed+Aug+31%2C+2021%5D%29)
• Śākyamitra  + (%C5%9A%C4%81kyamitra+%28or+ShAkya+bshes+gn … %C5%9A%C4%81kyamitra+%28or+ShAkya+bshes+gnyen%29+was+an+Indian+pa%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Dita+who+flourished+between+750+and+850+CE.+He+is+the+author+of+several+works+in+the+Tengyur%2C+including+the+%27%27Bhadracary%C4%81pra%E1%B9%87idh%C4%81nar%C4%81ja%E1%B9%AD%C4%ABk%C4%81%27%27%2C+a+commentary+on+the+%27%27Bhadracary%C4%81pra%E1%B9%87idh%C4%81nar%C4%81ja%27%27.%81pra%E1%B9%87idh%C4%81nar%C4%81ja%27%27.)
• Śākyarakṣita  + (%C5%9A%C4%81kyarak%E1%B9%A3ita+was+an+Indi … %C5%9A%C4%81kyarak%E1%B9%A3ita+was+an+Indian+author+and+translator+most+likely+active+in+the+mid-twelfth+century.+His+guru+was+Abhayakaragupta%2C+who+was+abbot+of+the+monastic+university+Vikrama%C5%9B%C4%ABla+during+the+reign+of+King+Ramapala+%28c.+1084%E2%80%931126%2F1130%29.+He+is+the+author+of+%27%27Abhisamayamanjari%27%27+%28%27%27Flower+Cluster+of+Clear+Understanding%27%27%29+in+the+%27%27Guhyasamayasadhanamald%27%27+%28English%2C+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fresearch.tsadra.org%2Findex.php%2FVajrayogin%25C4%25AB%3A_Her_Visualizations%2C_Rituals_and_Forms+%27%27Vajrayogini%27%27%5D%2C+2002%2C+10%E2%80%9311%29+and+is+listed+as+one+of+the+translators+of+the+%27%27Saddharmasm%E1%B9%9Btyupasth%C4%81nas%C5%ABtra%27%27.%E1%B9%9Btyupasth%C4%81nas%C5%ABtra%27%27.)
• Śākyasiṁha  + (%C5%9A%C4%81kyasi%E1%B9%81ha+was+an+Indian … %C5%9A%C4%81kyasi%E1%B9%81ha+was+an+Indian+pa%E1%B9%87dita+primarily+known+for+the+Tibetan+translation+of+the+%27%27Mah%C4%81y%C4%81nas%C5%ABtr%C4%81la%E1%B9%83k%C4%81rak%C4%81rik%C4%81%27%27+that+he+completed+with+Kawa+Paltsek+%28ska+ba+dpal+brtsegs%29.+According+to+the+introduction+to+%27%27The+Universal+Vehicle+Discourse+Literature+%28Mah%C4%81y%C4%81nas%C5%ABtr%C4%81la%E1%B9%81k%C4%81ra%29%27%27+%28American+Institute+of+Buddhist+Studies%2C+Columbia+University%27s+Center+for+Buddhist+Studies%2C+and+Tibet+House+US%2C+2004%29%2C+both+the+verses+in+the+%27%27Mah%C4%81y%C4%81nas%C5%ABtr%C4%81la%E1%B9%83k%C4%81rak%C4%81rik%C4%81%27%27+%28Peking+5521%29+and+the+work+which+contains+the+verses+and+commentary+together+under+the+title+%27%27S%C5%ABtr%C4%81la%E1%B9%81k%C4%81ra-bh%C4%81%E1%B9%A3ya%27%27+%28Peking+5527%29+were+prepared+by+%C5%9A%C4%81kyasi%E1%B9%81ha+and+Kawa+Paltsek+during+the+royal+translation+project+at+Samye+monastery+in+the+8th-9th+century.+%28xxxiv%29astery+in+the+8th-9th+century.+%28xxxiv%29)
• Śāntibhikṣu Śāstrī  + (%C5%9A%C4%81ntibhik%E1%B9%A3u+%C5%9A%C4%81 … %C5%9A%C4%81ntibhik%E1%B9%A3u+%C5%9A%C4%81str%C4%AB+was+a+Sanskrit+scholar+and+author+born+in+1912.+He+wrote+several+works+on+Buddhism+and+Sanskrit+literature%2C+including+a+book+titled+%27%27Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na%27%27+published+by+Vi%C5%9Bvabh%C4%81rat%C4%AB+Granth%C4%81laya+in+1958%2C+a+translation+of+%C5%9A%C4%81ntideva%27s+%27%27Bodhicary%C4%81vat%C4%81ra%27%27+into+Hindi%2C+published+by+Rashtriya+Sanskrit+Sansthan+in+2010%2C+and+a+work+called+%27%27Buddhodayak%C4%81vyam%27%27.+called+%27%27Buddhodayak%C4%81vyam%27%27.)
• Śāntideva  + (%C5%9A%C4%81ntideva+%28late+7th+to+mid-8th … %C5%9A%C4%81ntideva+%28late+7th+to+mid-8th+century+CE%29+was+a+Buddhist+monk%2C+philosopher%2C+and+poet+whose+reflections+on+the+overall+structure+of+Buddhist+moral+commitments+reach+a+level+of+generality+and+theoretical+power+that+is+hard+to+find+elsewhere+in+Indian+thought.+His+writings+were+immensely+influential+in+the+development+of+the+Tibetan+religious+tradition.+Though+%C5%9A%C4%81ntideva+repeatedly+denied+that+he+had+said+anything+original%2C+his+two+major+works+may+nevertheless+represent+the+single+most+significant+contribution+of+the+Buddhist+tradition+to+the+global+enterprise+of+ethical+theory.+And+some+of+%C5%9A%C4%81ntideva%E2%80%99s+poetic+passages+exhibit+an+emotional+and+rhetorical+power+that+gives+them+a+claim+to+be+included+among+the+greatest+achievements+of+world+literature.+%28Source%3A+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fshantideva%2F+The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy%5D%29+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy%5D%29)
• Śīladharma  + (%C5%9A%C4%ABladharma.+%28C.+Shiluodamo%2FJ … %C5%9A%C4%ABladharma.+%28C.+Shiluodamo%2FJiefa%3B+J.+Shiradatsuma%2FKaih%C5%8D%3B+K.+Siradalma%2FKyeb%C7%92p+%E5%B0%B8%E7%BE%85%E9%81%94%E6%91%A9%E2%80%8E%2F%E6%88%92%E6%B3%95%29+%28d.u.%2C+fl.+c.+eighth-ninth+centuries%29.+A+translator-monk+from+Khotan+%28C.+Yutian%29%2C+who+stayed+at+the+monastery+of+Longxingsi+in+Beiting+%28present-day+Inner+Mongolia%29%2C+during+the+Tang+dynasty.+Wukong+%28d.+812%29%2C+a+Chinese+pilgrim+who+spent+some+forty+years+sojourning+in+India+and+Central+Asia%2C+arrived+in+Beiting+in+789+with+several+Sanskrit+manuscripts+of+Indian+scriptures.+Wukong+asked+%C5%9A%C4%ABladharma+to+collaborate+with+him+in+translating+two+of+the+s%C5%ABtras+he+brought+back+with+him+into+Chinese%3A+the+%27%27Da%C5%9Babh%C5%ABmikas%C5%ABtra%27%27+%28%27%27Foshuo+shidi+jing%27%27%29+and+the+%27%27Pari%E1%B9%87%C4%81macakras%C5%ABtra%27%27+%28%27%27Huixianglun+jing%27%27%29.+Upon+completing+the+translations%2C+%C5%9A%C4%ABladharma+accompanied+Wukong+to+the+Tang+capital+of+Chang%27an+in+790%2C+where+they+had+an+audience+at+the+imperial+court%2C+after+which+%C5%9A%C4%ABladharma+returned+to+his+home+country.+%28Source%3A+%22%C5%9A%C4%ABladharma.%22+In+%27%27The+Princeton+Dictionary+of+Buddhism%27%27%2C+822.+Princeton+University+Press%2C+2014.+http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt46n41q.27.%29ww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt46n41q.27.%29)
• Śaṃkarasvāmin  + (%C5%9Aa%E1%B9%83karasv%C4%81min.+%28T.+Bde … %C5%9Aa%E1%B9%83karasv%C4%81min.+%28T.+Bde+byed+bdag+po%3B+C.+Shangjieluozhu%3B+J.+Sh%C3%B6karashu%3B+K.+Sanggallaju+%E5%95%86%E7%BE%AF%E7%BE%85%E4%B8%BB%29+%28c.+sixth+Century+CE%29.+Sanskrit+proper+name+of+an+Indian+philosopher+and+logician%2C+who+was+a+student+of+the+Indian+logician+Dign%C4%81ga.+%C5%9Aa%E1%B9%83karasv%C4%81min+is+credited+with+the+authorship+of+the+%27%27Ny%C4%81yaprave%C5%9Ba%27%27%2C+or+%22Primer+on+Logic%2C%22+which+became+an+important+work+in+many+Asian+schools.+Some+have+argued%2C+based+on+the+Tibetan+tradition%2C+that+the+%27%27Ny%C4%81yaprave%C5%9Ba%27%27+was+actually+written+by+%C5%9Aa%E1%B9%83karasv%C4%81min%27s+teacher+Dign%C4%81ga%2C+and+that+the+recension+translated+into+Chinese+is+a+version+that+%C5%9Aa%E1%B9%83karasv%C4%81min+later+edited.+The+%27%27Ny%C4%81yaprave%C5%9Ba%27%27+provides+an+introduction+to+the+logical+system+of+Dign%C4%81ga%2C+covering+such+subjects+as+valid+and+invalid+methods+of+proof%2C+methods+of+refutation%2C+perception%2C+erroneous+perception%2C+inference%2C+and+erroneous+inference.+Although+%C5%9Aa%E1%B9%83karasv%C4%81min%27s+work+was+not+as+extensive%2C+detailed%2C+or+original+Dign%C4%81ga%27s%2C+it+proved+to+be+popular+within+the+tradition%2C+as+attested+by+its+extensive+commentarial+literature%2C+including+exegeses+by+non-Buddhists.+Large+parts+of+the+work+survive+in+the+original+Sanskrit.+%28Source%3A+%22%C5%9Aa%E1%B9%83karasv%C4%81min.%22+In+%27%27The+Princeton+Dictionary+of+Buddhism%27%27%2C+755.+Princeton+University+Press%2C+2014.+http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt46n41q.27.%29ww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt46n41q.27.%29)
• Śavaripa  + (%C5%9Aavaripa+was+a+hunter.+In+order+to+co … %C5%9Aavaripa+was+a+hunter.+In+order+to+convince+him+to+abandon+his+wrong+livelihood%2C+the+bodhisattva+of+compassion+Avalokite%C5%9Bvara+took+the+form+of+a+hunter+himself+and+killed+one+hundred+deer+%28which+he+magically+created%29+with+a+single+arrow.+When+%C5%9Aavaripa+asked+to+learn+this+skill%2C+the+bodhisattva+told+him+that+he+must+first+give+up+eating+meat.+Avalokite%C5%9Bvara+eventually+taught+%C5%9Aavaripa+how+to+meditate+on+love+and+compassion%2C+granting+%C5%9Aavaripa+and+his+wife+a+vision+of+hell%2C+where+they+saw+themselves+burning+for+the+sin+of+killing+animals.+When+%C5%9Aavaripa+asked+how+they+could+be+saved+from+this+fate%2C+the+bodhisattva+taught+him+about+the+law+of+karma+and+that+through+protecting+rather+than+taking+life%2C+he+could+achieve+liberation.+%C5%9Aavaripa+meditated+for%0Atwelve+years+and+entered+the+bodhisattva+path%2C+awaiting+the+advent+of+Maitreya.+%28Source%3A+Lopez+Jr.%2C+Donald+S.+%27%27Seeing+the+Sacred+in+Samsara%3A+An+Illustrated+Guide+to+the+Eighty-Four+Mah%C4%81siddhas%27%27.+Boulder%3A+Shambhala+Publications%2C+2019%3A+p.+53.%29hambhala+Publications%2C+2019%3A+p.+53.%29)
• Śikṣānanda  + (%C5%9Aik%E1%B9%A3%C4%81nanda.+%28C.+Shicha … %C5%9Aik%E1%B9%A3%C4%81nanda.+%28C.+Shichanantuo%3B+J.+Jisshananda%3B+K.+Silch%27anant%27a+%E5%AF%A6%E5%8F%89%E9%9B%A3%E9%99%80%E2%80%8E%29+%28652-710%29.+A+monk+from+Khotan+%28C.+Yutian%29%2C+who+was+an+important+translator+of+Buddhist+texts+into+Chinese+during+the+Tang+dynasty.+The+Empress+Wu+Zetian+%28r.+690-705%29+invited+%C5%9Aik%E1%B9%A3%C4%81nanda+to+the+Chinese+Capital+of+Luoyang%2C+asking+him+to+bring+from+Khotan+its+Sanskrit+recension+of+the+%27%27Avata%E1%B9%83sakas%C5%ABtra%27%27+%28alt.+%27%27Buddh%C4%81vata%E1%B9%83sakas%C5%ABtra%27%27%3B+C.+%27%27Dafangguang+Fo+huayan+jing%27%27%29%2C+which+was+longer+and+more+comprehensive+than+the+sixty-roll+version+then+in+use+in+China%2C+which+had+previously+been+translated+by+the+Indian+monk+Buddhabhadra+%28359-429%29.+%C5%9Aik%E1%B9%A3%C4%81nanda+arrived+in+Luoyang+in+695+and+supervised+a+translation+team+in+rendering+this+Khotanese+recension+into+Chinese%3B+his+team+included+Bodhiruci+%28693-727%29%2C+Yijing+%28635-713%29%2C+and+W%C7%92nch%27%C7%94k+%28613-696%29.+%C5%9Aik%E1%B9%A3%C4%81nanda+and+his+team+finished+their+translation+in+699%2C+after+four+years+of+work%2C+in+a+total+of+eighty+rolls.+The+translation+that+%C5%9Aik%E1%B9%A3%C4%81nanda+supervised+is+typically+called+within+the+tradition+the+%22new%22+%28xin%29+translation%2C+in+contrast+to+Buddhabhadra%27s+%22old%22+translation.+%28Li+Tongxuan%27s+commentary+to+%C5%9Aik%E1%B9%A3%C4%81nanda%27s+new+rendering+of+the+text+is%2C+for+example%2C+called+the+%27%27Xin+Huayan+jing+lun%27%27%3B+see+%27%27Huayan+jing+helun%27%27.%29+%C5%9Aik%E1%B9%A3%C4%81nanda+continued+with+his+translation+projects+until+705%2C+when+he+returned+to+Khotan+to+care+for+his+aged+mother.+Some+thirteen+other+translations+are+attributed+to+him%2C+including+the+%27%27La%E1%B9%85k%C4%81vat%C4%81ras%C5%ABtra%27%27+and+several+shorter+dh%C4%81ra%E1%B9%87%C4%AB+s%C5%ABtras%2C+as+well+as+a+version+of+the+%27%27Dasheng+qixin+lun%27%27+%28%22Awakening+of+Faith+According+to+the+Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na%22%29.+Emperor+Zhongzong+%28r.+705-710%29+invited+%C5%9Aik%E1%B9%A3%C4%81nanda+to+return+once+again+to+China+in+708%2C+but+he+died+of+illness+in+710+at+the+age+of+fifty-nine+without+beginning+any+new+translation+work.+It+is+reported+that+after+his+cremation%2C+his+tongue+remained+untouched+by+flames%E2%80%94an+indication+of+his+remarkable+erudition.+%28Source%3A+%22%C5%9Aik%E1%B9%A3%C4%81nanda.%22+In+%27%27The+Princeton+Dictionary+of+Buddhism%27%27%2C+820.+Princeton+University+Press%2C+2014.+http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt46n41q.27.%29ww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt46n41q.27.%29)
• Śrīdhara Rāṇā  + (%C5%9Ar%C4%ABdhara+R%C4%81%E1%B9%87%C4%81% … %C5%9Ar%C4%ABdhara+R%C4%81%E1%B9%87%C4%81%2C+also+known+as+%C4%80c%C4%81rya+Dharmavajra%2C+was+a+Nepali+scholar+who+contributed+to+the+study+of+Buddhist+texts.+He+wrote+an+introduction+to+a+Nepali+translation+of+the+%27%27Bodhicary%C4%81vat%C4%81ra%27%27.+The+translation+included+grammatical+analysis+and+explanations+based+on+Praj%C3%B1%C4%81karamati%27s+commentary.+This+work+helped+make+the+%27%27Bodhicary%C4%81vat%C4%81ra%27%27+more+accessible+to+Nepali+readers+and+contributed+to+the+preservation+and+understanding+of+Buddhist+philosophy+in+Nepal.rstanding+of+Buddhist+philosophy+in+Nepal.)
• Śrīmitra  + (%C5%9Ar%C4%ABmitra%E2%80%94literally+meani … %C5%9Ar%C4%ABmitra%E2%80%94literally+meaning+%E2%80%98lucky+friend%E2%80%99+was+a+%C5%9Arama%E1%B9%87a+of+western+origin+%5BKucha%5D+who+was+the+heir+apparent+of+a+king+of+that+country.+He%2C+however%2C+gave+up+his+kingdom+to+his+younger+brother+and+became+a+%C5%9Arama%E1%B9%87a.+He+came+to+China+in+the+Yun-Kia+period+A.D.+307%E2%80%9312%2C+under+the+western+Tsin+dynasty+and+translated+3+works+at+Kin-khan+%28Nan%C2%ADking%29+under+the+reign+of+Yuen-ti%2C+A.D.+317%E2%80%93322+and+died+at+the+age+of+eighty+in+the+Hhien-Khan+period%2C+A.D.+335%E2%80%93342.+The+works+are+%27%27Mah%C4%81hhishekar%C4%81ddhidh%C4%81ra%E1%B9%87i-s%C5%ABtra%27%27%2C+%27%27Mah%C4%81may%C5%ABri-Vidy%C4%81r%C4%81gn%C4%AB%27%27+and+in+two+Fascimulae+%28Nanjio%3A+%27%27Catalogue%27%27%2C+ii%2C+36%2C+pp.+397%E2%80%9398%29.+%28Puri%2C+%27%27Buddhism+in+Central+Asia%27%27%2C+115n91%3B+see+also+Nanjio%2C+%27%27A+Catalogue+of+the+Chinese+Translation+of+the+Buddhist+Tripi%E1%B9%ADaka%27%27%2C+appendix+2%2C+no.+36%2C+397%E2%80%9398.+http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kanji.zinbun.kyoto-u.ac.jp%2F%7Ewittern%2Fdata%2Fnanjio-catalog.pdf.%29%7Ewittern%2Fdata%2Fnanjio-catalog.pdf.%29)
• Śrīsiṃhaprabha  + (%C5%9Ar%C4%ABsi%E1%B9%83haprabha%2C+or+%22 … %C5%9Ar%C4%ABsi%E1%B9%83haprabha%2C+or+%22Revered+Lion%22+%28Skt.+%C5%9Ar%C4%AB+Si%E1%B9%83ha%29%2C+was+an+eighth-century+Buddhist+scholar+and+translator.+He+collaborated+with+the+master+translator+Vairocana+and+is+primarily+known+for+his+contributions+to+the+Tibetan+Buddhist+canon.ntributions+to+the+Tibetan+Buddhist+canon.)
• Śraddhākaravarman  + (%C5%9Araddh%C4%81karavarman+was+a+Kashmiri … %C5%9Araddh%C4%81karavarman+was+a+Kashmiri+pa%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Dita+who+was+a+student+of+Ratnakara%C5%9B%C4%81nti+%28late+10th+century+%E2%80%93+early+11th+century%29+and+teacher+of+Rinchen+Zangpo.+According+to+Jean+Naudou%2C+%C5%9Araddh%C4%81karavarman%2C+with+Padm%C4%81karavarman%2C+was+%22one+of+the+most+productive+Indian+translators+of+his+generation.%22+Furthermore%2C+describing+his+collaborations+with+Rinchen+Zangpo%2C+he+writes%2C+%22The+Ka%C5%9Bm%C4%ABri+origin+of+one+of+the+two+most+fruitful+collaborators+of+the+%27%27Lo-chen%27%27+%5Bi.e.+Rinchen+Zangpo%5D+is+specified+on+several+occasions%3A+%C5%9Araddh%C4%81karavarman%2C+introduced+to+the+system+of+Buddhaj%C3%B1%C4%81na+by+%C5%9A%C4%81ntip%C4%81da%2C+taught+it+to+Rin-chen+bza%E1%B9%85-po+at+the+same+time+as+Padm%C4%81karavarman.+He+had+also+received+from+V%C4%81g%C4%AB%C5%9Bvara+instructions+about+the+propitiation+of+T%C4%81r%C4%81+according+to+the+method+of+Ravigupta%2C+and+he+transmitted+it+to+Tath%C4%81gatarak%E1%B9%A3ita.+He+is+the+author+of+a+certain+number+of+very+short+texts%2C+of+which+the+longest+is+%27%27Yog%C4%81nattaratantr%C4%81rth%C4%81vat%C4%81rasa%E1%B9%83graha%27%27+%28%27%27Rg%27%27.+LXXII%2C+9%29+%2824+p.%29.%22++%28Jean+Naudou%2C+%27%27Buddhists+of+Ka%C5%9Bm%C4%ABr%27%27+%5BDelhi%3A+Agam+Kala+Prakashan%2C+1980%5D%2C+191%E2%80%9392%29.+The+most+important+of+%C5%9Araddh%C4%81karavarman%27s+translations%2C+according+to+Naudou%2C+were+carried+out+in+cooperation+with+Rinchen+Zangpo.ed+out+in+cooperation+with+Rinchen+Zangpo.)
• Ǔich'ǒn  + (%C7%93ich%27%C7%92n.+%28C.+Yitian%29+%2810 … %C7%93ich%27%C7%92n.+%28C.+Yitian%29+%281055-1101%29.+Korean+prince%2C+monk%2C+and+bibliophile%2C+and+putative+founder+of+the+Ch%E2%80%99%C5%8Dnt%E2%80%99ae+chong+%28C.+Tiantai+zong%29+in+Korea.+%C7%93ich%27%C7%92n+was+born+the+fourth+son+of+the+Kory%C7%94+king+Munjong+%28r.+1047-1082%29.+In+1065%2C+%C7%93ich%27%C7%92n+was+ordained+by+the+royal+preceptor+%28wangsa%29+Ky%C7%92ngd%C7%92k+Nanw%C7%92n+%28999-1066%29+at+the+royal+monastery+of+Y%C7%92ngt%E2%80%99ongsa+in+the+Kory%C7%92+capital+of+Kaes%C7%92ng.+Under+Nanw%C7%92n%2C+%C7%93ich%27%C7%92n+studied%0Athe+teachings+of+the+%27%27Avatamsakas%C5%ABtra%27%27+and+its+various+commentaries.+In+1067%2C+at+the+age+of+twelve%2C+%C7%93ich%27%C7%92n+was+appointed+%27sa%E1%B9%83gha+overseer%27+%28K.+s%C7%94ngt%E2%80%99ong%3B+C.+sengtong%29.+%C7%93ich%27%C7%92n+is+known+on+several+occasions+to+have+requested+permission+from+his+royal+father+to+travel+abroad+to+China%2C+but+the+king+consistently+denied+his+request.+Finally%2C+in+1085%2C+%C7%93ich%27%C7%92n+secretly+boarded+a+Chinese+trading+ship+and+traveled+to+the+mainland+against+his+father%E2%80%99s+wishes.+%C7%93ich%27%C7%92n+is+said+to+have+spent+about+fourteen+months+abroad+studying+under+various+teachers.+His+father+sent+his+friend+and+colleague+Nakchin+%281045-1114%29+after+%C7%93ich%27%C7%92n%2C+but+they+ended+up+studying+together+with+the+Huayan+teacher+Jingyuan+%281011-1088%29+of+Huiyinsi+in+Hangzhou.+%C7%93ich%27%C7%92n+and+Nakchin+returned+to+Korea+in+1086+with+numerous+texts+that+%C7%93ich%27%C7%92n+acquired+during+his+sojourn+in+China.+While+residing+as+the+abbot+of+the+new+monastery+of+H%C7%94ngwangsa+in+the+capital%2C+%C7%93ich%27%C7%92n+devoted+his+time+to+teaching+his+disciples+and+collecting+works+from+across+East+Asia%2C+including+the+Khitan+Liao+kingdom.+He+sent+agents+throughout+the+region+to+collect+copies+of+the+indigenous+writings+of+East+Asian+Buddhists%2C+which+he+considered+to+be+the+equal+of+works+by+the+bodhisattva+exegetes+of+the+imported+Indian+scholastic+tradition.+A+large+monastic+library+known+as+Kyojang+Togam+was+established+at+H%C7%94ngwangsa+to+house+the+texts+that+%C7%93ich%27%C7%92n+collected.+In+1090%2C+%C7%93ich%27%C7%92n+published+a+bibliographical+catalogue+of+the+texts+housed+at+H%C7%94ngwangsa%2C+entitled+%27%27Sinp%27y%C7%92n+chejong+kyojang+ch%E2%80%99ongnok%27%27+%28%27Comprehensive+Catalogue+of+the+Doctrinal+Repository+of+All+the+Schools%27%29%2C+which+lists+some+1%2C010+titles+in+4%2C740+rolls.+The+H%C7%94ngwangsa+collection+of+texts+was+carved+on+woodblocks+and+titled+the+%27%27Kory%C7%92+sokchanggy%C7%92ng%27%27+%28%22Kory%C7%92+Supplement+to+the+Canon%22%29%2C+which+was+especially+important+for+its+inclusion+of+a+broad+cross+section+of+the+writings+of+East+Asian+Buddhist+teachers.+%28The+one+exception+was+works+associated+with+the+Chan+or+S%C7%92n+tradition%2C+which+%C7%93ich%27%C7%92n+refused+to+collect+because+of+their+%22many+heresies.%22%29+Unfortunately%2C+the+xylographs+of+the+supplementary+canon+were+burned+during+the+Mongol+invasion+of+Kory%C7%92+in+1231%2C+and+many+of+the+works+included+in+the+collection+are+now+lost+and+known+only%0Athrough+their+reference+in+%C7%93ich%27%C7%92n%E2%80%99s+catalogue.+In+1097%2C+%C7%93ich%27%C7%92n+was+appointed+the+founding+abbot+of+the+new+monastery+of+Kukch%E2%80%99%C7%92ngsa+%28named+after+the+renowned+Chinese+monastery+of+Guoqingsi+on+Mt.+Tiantai%29.+There%2C+he+began+to+teach+Ch%27%C7%92nt%E2%80%99ae+thought+and+practice+and+is+said+to+have+attracted+more+than+a%0Athousand+students.+%C7%93ich%27%C7%92n+seems+to+have+seen+the+Tiantai%2FCh%E2%80%99%C7%92nt%E2%80%99ae+synthesis+of+meditation+and+doctrine+as+a+possible+means+of+reconciling+the+S%C7%92n+and+doctrinal+%28kyo%29+traditions+in+Korea.+%C7%93ich%27%C7%92n%E2%80%99s+efforts+have+subsequently+been+regarded+as+the+official+foundation+of+the+Ch%E2%80%99%C7%92nt%E2%80%99ae+school+in+Korea%3B+however%2C+it+seems+%C7%93ich%27%C7%92n+was+not+actually+attempting+to+start+a+new+school%2C+but+merely+to+reestablish+the+study+of+Ch%E2%80%99%C7%92nt%E2%80%99ae+texts+in+Korea.+He+was+awarded+the+posthumous+title+of+state+preceptor+%28K.+kuksa%3B+C.+Guoshi%29+Taegak+%28Great+Enlightenment%29.+%28Source%3A+%22%C7%93ich%27%C7%92n.%22+In+%27%27The+Princeton+Dictionary+of+Buddhism%27%27%2C+935%E2%80%9336.+Princeton+University+Press%2C+2014.+http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt46n41q.27.%29ww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt46n41q.27.%29)
• Khöndung Asanga Vajra Rinpoche  + (%E0%BC%A7%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD … %E0%BC%A7%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A8%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%84%E0%BE%92%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BE%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%87%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%95%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%94%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%99%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%97%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9A%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D%E0%BC%8D%0A%0AHis+Eminence+Kh%C3%B6ndung+Asanga+Vajra+Rinpoche+is+the+son+of+H.E.Kh%C3%B6ndung+Ani+Vajra+Sakya+Rinpoche%2C+the+second+son+of+the+Phuntsok+Phodrang+family+and+Dagmo+Chimey+la.+He+is+also+the+youngest+grandson+of+the+His+Holiness+Jigdal+Dagchen+Dorjechang+Rinpoche+and+therefore+a+direct+descendant+of+the+unbroken+Kh%C3%B6n+lineage+which+dates+back+to+1073.+His+Eminence+is+also+the+grandson+of+H.E.+Garje+Khamtrul+Rinpoche%2C+a+highly+realized+and+accomplished+Nyingmapa+master+on+his+mother%E2%80%99s+side.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.asangasakya.com%2Fabout%2F+Source+Accessed+Feb+24%2C+2022%5D%29ut%2F+Source+Accessed+Feb+24%2C+2022%5D%29)
• Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu  + (%E1%B9%ACh%C4%81nissaro+Bhikkhu+%28Geoffre … %E1%B9%ACh%C4%81nissaro+Bhikkhu+%28Geoffrey+DeGraff%29+is+an+American+Buddhist+monk+of+the+Kammatthana+%28Thai+Forest%29+Tradition.+After+graduating+from+Oberlin+College+in+1971+with+a+degree+in+European+Intellectual+History%2C+he+traveled+to+Thailand%2C+where+he+studied+meditation+under+Ajaan+Fuang+Jotiko%2C+himself+a+student+of+the+late+Ajaan+Lee.+He+ordained+in+1976+and+lived+at+Wat+Dhammasathit%2C+where+he+remained+following+his+teacher%27s+death+in+1986.+In+1991+he+traveled+to+the+hills+of+San+Diego+County%2C+USA%2C+where+he+helped+Ajaan+Suwat+Suvaco+establish+Metta+Forest+Monastery+%28Wat+Mettavanaram%29.+He+was+made+abbot+of+the+Monastery+in+1993.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhammatalks.org%2Findex.html+Source+Accessed+Aug+7%2C+2020%5D%29x.html+Source+Accessed+Aug+7%2C+2020%5D%29)
• Chris Kang  + (%E2%80%8BChris+Kang+is+Professor+in+Religi … %E2%80%8BChris+Kang+is+Professor+in+Religion+and+Contemplative+Studies+%E2%80%93+an+independent+scholar+with+special+interest+in+Christian+theology+and+Asian+philosophies.+He+is+founder+of+Awarezen%2C+a+digital+meditation+centre+and+academy+providing+online+courses+on+meditation+and+spirituality+for+human+flourishing+and+transcendence+beyond+religious+boundaries.+He+received+his+PhD+in+Studies+in+Religion+from+The+University+of+Queensland+%28Australia%29+in+2003.+For+nearly+two+decades%2C+Chris+has+lectured+in+Australia+at+The+University+of+Queensland%2C+Griffith+University%2C+Queensland+University+of+Technology%2C+Nan+Tien+Institute%2C+Queensland+Health%2C+and+various+Buddhist+centres.+Chris+has+over+15+years+of+clinical+occupational+therapy+practice+in+Australia+and+Singapore.+As+a+Singapore+Government+Public+Service+Commission+scholar%2C+he+was+awarded+a+Bachelor+of+Occupational+Therapy+with+First+Class+Honours+from+The+University+of+Queensland+in+1993.+He+received+a+Postgraduate+Certificate+in+International+Relations+with+Dean%27s+Commendation+in+2009%2C+also+from+The+University+of+Queensland.+In+2008%2C+he+was+invited+by+Australian+Prime+Minister+Kevin+Rudd+and+Professor+Glyn+Davis+as+one+of+1%2C000+delegates+to+the+Australia+2020+Summit+at+Parliament+House%2C+Canberra.+Professionally%2C+he+is+certified+in+Neurosemantics+%282003%29+and+Meta-Coaching+%282004%29+from+the+International+Society+of+Neurosemantics+%28USA%29+and+Meta-Coach+Foundation+%28USA%29.+From+2016+to+2018%2C+he+was+Assistant+Professor+in+Health+and+Social+Sciences+%28Occupational+Therapy%29+at+the+Singapore+Institute+of+Technology.%0A%0AChris+directs+his+academic+research+and+teaching+at+Asian+Centre+for+Creative+Theology.+His+current+research+program+focuses+on+Christian+theology+and+Reformed+epistemology+in+comparisons+with+Buddhist%2C+Confucianist%2C+Daoist%2C+Hindu%2C+and+Tantric+philosophies+from+an+Asia-centric+perspective+pivoting+on+China+and+India.+He+also+has+scholarly+interests+in+Arabic+and+Continental+philosophy.+He+has+over+200+publications+and+presentations+including+seven+books+in+Asian+and+Biblical+contemplative+wisdoms.+His+books+include+%27%27One+in+Christ%27%27+%282019%29%2C+%27%27The+Tantra+of+Prabhat+Ranjan+Sarkar%3A+Critical+Comparisons+and+Dialogical+Perspectives%27%27+%282017%29%2C+%27%27Resting+in+Christ%27%27+%282015%29%2C+%27%27Growing+in+Christ%27%27+%282015%29%2C+%27%27Reclaiming+Dhamma%3A+Teachings+on+Critical+Buddhism%27%27+%282014%29%2C+%27%27Dhamma+Stream%3A+A+Garland+of+Writings+on+Dhamma%2C+Self%2C+and+Society%27%27+%282013%29%2C+%27%27Wise+Mind+Warm+Heart%27%27+%282010%29%2C+and+%27%27The+Meditative+Way%3A+Readings+in+the+Theory+and+Practice+of+Buddhist+Meditation%27%27+%281997%3B+co-edited+with+Rod+Bucknell%29.+His+academic+articles+have+appeared+in+%27%27Asian+Journal+of+Occupational+Therapy%27%27%3B+%27%27Australian+Occupational+Therapy+Journal%27%27%3B+%27%27Hong+Kong+Journal+of+Occupational+Therapy%27%27%3B+%27%27Contemplativa%3A+Journal+of+Contemplative+Studies%27%27%3B+%27%27Journal+of+Buddhist+Ethics%27%27%3B+%27%27Mindfulness%27%27%3B+%27%27Philosophy+East+and+West%27%27%3B+and+%27%27Journal+of+Reformed+Theology%27%27.+He+is+general+editor+of+an+open+access%2C+open+peer+review+journal+%27%27Contemplativa%3A+Journal+of+Contemplative+Studies%27%27.3A+Journal+of+Contemplative+Studies%27%27.)
• Zhönu Gyalchok  + (1.+%28from+kong+sprul+gsan+yig+%40+v.+1%2C … 1.+%28from+kong+sprul+gsan+yig+%40+v.+1%2C+f.+16v%29%0Aimportant+master+in+the+bka%27+ma+transmission+lineage+of+the+rgyud+bzhi.%0A%0A2.+important+bka%27+gdams%2Fsa+skya+master+in+lineage+of+the+blo+sbyong+teachings%3B+he+was+involved+with+his+student+sems+dpa%27+chen+po+dkon+mchog+rgyal+mtshan+in+the+compilation+of+the+blo+sbyong+brgya+rtsa.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Flibrary.bdrc.io%2Fshow%2Fbdr%3AP1943+Source+Accessed+June+12%2C+2022%5D%291943+Source+Accessed+June+12%2C+2022%5D%29)
• Jamyang Zhepai Dorje  + (1708.+founds+bkra+shis+%27khyil%0Argyal+ra … 1708.+founds+bkra+shis+%27khyil%0Argyal+rabs+lo+tshigs+shes+bya+mang+%27dus+mkhas+pa%27i+spyi+nor+%28p.+357%29%0A1668.+To+Dbus+and+enters+%27Bras-spungs+Sgo-mang.%0A1674.+Final+ordination+from+5th+DL.%0A1676.+Enters+Rgyud+Smad.%0A1680.+Meditates+at+Ri-bo+Dge-%27phel.%0A1690.+Becomes+bla-ma+%5Babbot%5D+of+%27Bras-spungs+Sgo-mang.%0AAttempts+to+make+peace+between+the+Sde-srid+and+Lha-bzang+Khan.%0A1709.+Founds+the+Bkra-shis-%27khyil+Monastery+with+the+patronage+of+Ju-nang+Dpon.%0A1720.+Granted+title+PaNDi-ta-e-rti-no-min-han+by+the+Gong-ma+Khang-shis+Rgyal-po.%0AYear+of+death+1721+or+1722+%28according+to+Ming+mdzod%29%3B+dates+according+to+Tshad+ma%27i+%27byung+khungs%3A+1648-1722.%0AGsung-%27bum+in+15+volumes.A+1648-1722.%0AGsung-%27bum+in+15+volumes.)

• Cacella, E.  + (17th+cent.+explorer%3B+Portuguese)

• Bretfeld, S.  + (2014+-+present%0AProfessor%2C+Department+o … 2014+-+present%0AProfessor%2C+Department+of+Philosophy+and+Religious+Studies%2C+Norwegian+University+of+Science+and+Technology%2C+Trondheim+%28Norway%29%0A%0A2008+-+2014%0AProfessor%2C+Chair+for+Religious+Studies%2C+Ruhr-Universit%C3%A4t+Bochum%2C+Bochum+%28Germany%29%0A%0A2008%0ASenior+Assistant%2C+Institute+for+the+Science+of+Religion+and+Central+Asian+Studies%2C+University+of+Bern%2C+Bern+%28Switzerland%29%0A%0A2001+-+2007%0AAssistant%2C+Institute+for+the+Science+of+Religion+and+Central+Asian+Studies%2C+University+of+Bern++%0A%0A2000+-+2001%0ATemporary+lecturer%2C+Institute+for+the+Science+of+Religion+and+Central+Asian+Studies%2C+University+of+Bern%2C+Bern+%0A%0A2000+-+2001%0AAssistant%2C+Department+of+Indian+and+Buddhist+Studies%2C+Georg-August-University%2C+G%C3%B6ttingen+%28Germany%29%0A%0A%E2%80%8B1998+-+2001%0ATemporary+lecturer%2C+Department+of+Religious+Studies%2C+Georg-August-University%2C+G%C3%B6ttingen+%0A%0A1998+-+2000%0ATemporary+lecturer%2C+Department+of+Indian+and+Buddhist+Studies%2C+Georg-August-University%2C+G%C3%B6ttingen++%0A%0A%E2%80%8B2000%0APhd+%28Dr.+phil.%29%2C+Indology%2C+Tibetology%2C+Study+of+Religions%2C+Georg-August-University%2C+G%C3%B6ttingen++%0A%0A%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.multiple-secularities.de%2Fteam%2Fprof-dr-sven-bretfeld%2F+Source+Accessed+on+May+4%2C+2020%5D%29%2F+Source+Accessed+on+May+4%2C+2020%5D%29)
• Matthew William King  + (2024+Publication+Forthcoming+with+Khenpo+K … 2024+Publication+Forthcoming+with+Khenpo+Kunga+Sherab%3A+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.simonandschuster.com%2Fbooks%2FThe-Amazing-Treasury-of-the-Sakya-Lineage%2FAmeshab-Ngakwang-Kunga-Sonam%2FAmazing-Treasury-of-the-Sakya-Lineage%2F9781614299196+The+Amazing+Treasury+of+the+Sakya+Lineage%3A+Volume+1%5D%0A%0AMatthew+King+is+Professor+of+Buddhist+Studies+and+Director+of+Asian+Studies+at+the+University+of+California%2C+Riverside.+His+research+examines+the+social+history+of+knowledge+in+Buddhist+scholastic+networks+extending+across+the+Tibeto-Mongolian+frontiers+of+the+late+Qing+empire+and+its+revolutionary+ruins.+Much+of+his+published+work+has+focused+on+encounters+between+Buddhist+scholasticism%2C+science%2C+humanism%2C+and+state+socialism+in+the+19th+and+early+20th+centuries.+His+work+is+also+broadly+engaged+with+methodological+revision+in+the+study+of+religion+and+Buddhist+Studies%2C+and+in+revisionist+theoretical+projects+associated+with+the+critical+Asian+humanities.%0AHis+first+book+Ocean+of+Milk%2C+Ocean+of+Blood%3A+A+Mongolian+Monk+in+the+Ruins+of+the+Qing+Empire+%28Columbia+University+Press%2C+2019%29%2C+was+awarded+the+American+Academy+of+Religion+Excellence+in+the+Study+of+Religion%3A+Textual+Studies+book+award%2C+the+Central+Eurasian+Studies+Society%27s+2020+Best+Book+in+History+and+Humanities%2C+and+the+International+Convention+of+Asia+Scholars+Book+Prize+%28Specialist+Publication%29.+Ocean+of+Milk+illuminates+previously+unknown+religious+and+intellectual+legacies+of+the+Qing+long+after+its+political+ending.+Here%2C+post-imperial+%E2%80%9Ccounter-modern%E2%80%9D+Buddhist+thought+emerges+as+a+foil+for+the+hegemony+of+the+national-subject+and+%E2%80%9Cthe+modern%E2%80%9D+in+scholarship+about+early+twentieth+century+Asia.%0A%0A%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fprofiles.ucr.edu%2Fapp%2Fhome%2Fprofile%2Fmking+Source%3A+UC+Riverside+Accessed+July+9%2C+2024%5D%29UC+Riverside+Accessed+July+9%2C+2024%5D%29)
• Khenpo Kunga Sherab  + (2024+Publication+Forthcoming+with+Khenpo+K … 2024+Publication+Forthcoming+with+Khenpo+Kunga+Sherab%3A+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.simonandschuster.com%2Fbooks%2FThe-Amazing-Treasury-of-the-Sakya-Lineage%2FAmeshab-Ngakwang-Kunga-Sonam%2FAmazing-Treasury-of-the-Sakya-Lineage%2F9781614299196+The+Amazing+Treasury+of+the+Sakya+Lineage%3A+Volume+1%5D%0A%0AKhenpo+Kunga+Sherab+was+born+in+Lhoka%2C+Tibet%2C+and+is+a+monastic+scholar+and+teacher.+He+is+the+author+of+several+studies+in+Tibetan+on+Abhidharma+and+Middle+Way+philosophy.+Khenpo+has+extensive+experience+teaching+Buddhist+meditation+and+philosophy+in+various+settings%2C+including+traditional+Tibetan+monastic+colleges%2C+interfaith+institutes%2C+Dharma+centers+across+North+America+and+Asia%2C+and+university+classrooms.+He+received+his+PhD+from+the+University+of+Toronto.+Since+2017%2C+he+has+served+as+a+Buddhist+chaplain+in+four+major+prisons+in+southwestern+Ontario%2C+Canada.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.simonandschuster.com%2Fauthors%2FKhenpo-Kunga-Sherab%2F220574952+Source%3A+Simon+and+Schuster%2C+Accessed+July+9%2C+2024%5D%29%0A%0ABefore+coming+to+the+University+of+Toronto%2C+Khenpo+received+a+traditional+Tibetan+Buddhist+monastic+education+and+earned+the+advanced+title+of+Khenpo+%28abbot%29+in+2005+from+the+Dzongsar+Institute+for+Advanced+Studies+of+Buddhist+Philosophy+and+Research+in+India.+He+then+taught+for+many+years+at+Dzongsar+Institute%2C+India+and+Zurmang+Buddhist+College+in+Sikkim%2C+India.+He+is+the+author+of+several+works+on+Buddhist+philosophy+in+Tibetan.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fbuddhiststudies.utoronto.ca%2Fkhenpo-kunga-sherab%2F+Source%3A+U+Toronto%2C+Accessed+July+9%2C+2024%5D%29U+Toronto%2C+Accessed+July+9%2C+2024%5D%29)
• Kunga Namgyal  + (4th+embodiment+of+the+zur+mang+drung+pa+line.)
• Aśoka  + (A%C5%9Boka.+%28P.+Asoka%3B+T.+Mya+ngan+med … A%C5%9Boka.+%28P.+Asoka%3B+T.+Mya+ngan+med%3B+C.+Ayu+wang%3B+J.+Aiku+%C5%8D%3B+K.+Ayuk+wang+%E9%98%BF%E8%82%B2%E7%8E%8B%29+%28c.+300-232+BCE%3B+r.+c.+268-232+BCE%29.+Indian+Mauryan+emperor+and+celebrated+patron+of+Buddhism%3B+also+known+as+Dharm%C4%81%C5%9Boka.+Son+of+Bindus%C4%81ra+and+grandson+of+Candragupta%2C+A%C5%9Boka+was+the+third+king+of+the+Mauryan+dynasty.+A%C5%9Boka+left+numerous+inscriptions+recording+his+edicts+and+proclamations+to+the+subjects+of+his+realm.+In+these+inscriptions%2C+A%C5%9Boka+is+referred+to+as+Dev%C4%81n%C4%81m+Priya%E1%B8%A5%2C+%22beloved+of+the+gods.%22+These+inscriptions+comprise+one+of+the+earliest+bodies+of+writing+as+yet+deciphered+from+the+Indian+subcontinent.+His+edicts+have+been+found+inscribed+on+boulders%2C+on+stone+pillars%2C+and+in+caves+and+are+widely+distributed+from+northern+Pakistan+in+the+west%2C+across+the+Gangetic+plain+to+Bengal+in+the+east%2C+to+near+Chennai+in+South+India.+The+inscriptions+are+ethical+and+religious+in+content%2C+with+some+describing+how+A%C5%9Boka+turned+to+the+dharma+after+subjugating+the+territory+of+Kali%E1%B9%85ga+%28in+the+Coastal+region+of+modern+Andhra+Pradesh%29+in+a+bloody+war.+In+his+own+words%2C+A%C5%9Boka+states+that+the+bloodshed+of+that+campaign+caused+him+remorse+and+taught+him+that+rule+by+dharma%2C+or+righteousness%2C+is+superior+to+rule+by+mere+force+of+arms.+While+the+Buddha%2C+dharma%2C+and+sa%E1%B9%83gha+are+extolled+and+Buddhist+texts+are+mentioned+in+the+edicts%2C+the+dharma+that+A%C5%9Boka+promulgated+was+neither+sectarian+nor+even+specifically+Buddhist%2C+but+a+general+code+of+administrative%2C+public%2C+and+private+ethics+suitable+for+a+multireligious+and+multiethnic+polity.+It+is+clear+that+A%C5%9Boka+saw+this+code+of+ethics+as+a+diplomatic+tool+as+well%2C+in+that+he%0Adispatched+embassies+to+neighboring+states+in+an+effort+to+establish+dharma+as+the+basis+for+international+relations.+The+edicts+were+not+translated+until+the+nineteenth+century%2C+however%2C+and%0Atherefore+played+little+role+in+the+Buddhist+view+of+A%C5%9Boka%2C+which+derives+instead+from+a+variety+of+legends+told+about+the+emperor.+The+legend+of+A%C5%9Boka+is+recounted+in+the+Sanskrit+Divy%C4%81vad%C4%81na%2C+in+the+P%C4%81li+chronicles+of+Sri+Lanka%2C+D%C4%ABpava%E1%B9%83sa+and+Mah%C4%81va%E1%B9%83sa%2C+and+in+the+P%C4%81li+commentaries%2C+particularly+the%0ASamantap%C4%81s%C4%81dik%C4%81.+Particularly+in+P%C4%81li+materials%2C+A%C5%9Boka+is+portrayed+as+a+staunch+sectarian+and+exclusive+patron+of+the+P%C4%81li+tradition.+The+inscriptional+evidence%2C+as+noted+above%2C+does+not+support+that+claim.+In+the+Mah%C4%81va%E1%B9%83sa%2C+for+example%2C+A%C5%9Boka+is+said+to+have+been+converted+to+Therav%C4%81da+Buddhism+by+the%0Anovice+Nigrodha%2C+after+which+he+purifies+the+Buddhist+sa%E1%B9%83gha+by+purging+it+of+non-Therav%C4%81da+heretics.+He+then+sponsors+the+convention+of+the+third+Buddhist+council+%28samg%C4%ABt%C4%AB%29+under+the+presidency+of+Moggaliputtatissa%2C+an+entirely+Therav%C4%81da+affair.+Recalling+perhaps+the+historical+A%C5%9Boka%27s+diplomatic+missions%2C+the+legend+recounts+how%2C+after+the+council%2C+Moggaliputtatissa+dispatched+Therav%C4%81da+missions%2C%0Acomprised+of+monks%2C+to+nine+adjacent+lands+for+the+purpose+of+propagating+the+religion%2C+including+A%C5%9Boka%27s+son+%28Mahinda%29+and+daughter+%28Sa%E1%B9%85ghamitt%C4%81%29+to+Sri+Lanka.+In+Sri+Lanka%2C+where+the+legend+appears+to+have+originated%2C+and+in+the+Therav%C4%81da+countries+of+Southeast+Asia%2C+the+P%C4%81li+account+of+King+A%C5%9Boka+was+adopted+as+one+of+the+main+paradigms+of+Buddhist+kingship+and+models+of+ideal+governance+and+proper+sa%E1%B9%83gha-state+relations.+A+different+set+of+legends%2C+which+do+not+recount+the+conversion%0Aof+Sri+Lanka%2C+appears+in+Sanskrit+sources%2C+most+notably%2C+the+A%C5%9Bok%C4%81vad%C4%81na.+%28Source%3A+%22A%C5%9Boka.%22+In+%27%27The+Princeton+Dictionary+of+Buddhism%27%27%2C+70%E2%80%9371.+Princeton+University+Press%2C+2014.+http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt46n41q.27.%29ww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt46n41q.27.%29)
• Vibhūticandra  + (A+12th+to+13th+century+Indian+scholar+that … A+12th+to+13th+century+Indian+scholar+that%2C+like+his+teacher+%C5%9A%C4%81kya%C5%9Br%C4%ABbhadra%2C+was+active+in+Tibet.+He+wrote+several+works+that+are+preserved+in+Tibetan+translation%2C+including+a+commentary+on+the+%27%27Bodhicary%C4%81vat%C4%81ra%27%27+in+which+he+is+also+recorded+as+the+translator.ich+he+is+also+recorded+as+the+translator.)
• Zhiyan  + (A+Chinese+priest+who+was+active+as+a+trans … A+Chinese+priest+who+was+active+as+a+translator+from+the+fourth+through+the+fifth+century.+Chih-yen+went+to+Kashmir+to+seek+Buddhist+scriptures+and+study+Buddhist+doctrines.+He+returned+to+Ch%27ang-an+with+Buddhabhadra+and+translated+fourteen+sutras.+Later+he+went+again+to+India%2C+where+he+died.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.nichirenlibrary.org%2Fen%2Fdic%2FContent%2FC%2F45+Source+Accessed+Sep+1%2C+2021%5D%29C%2F45+Source+Accessed+Sep+1%2C+2021%5D%29)
• Je Yeshe Gyatso  + (A+Gelukpa+scholar+from+Chentsa+Mani+temple+in+Qinghai.+He+wrote+a+commentary+on+the+%27%27Ultimate+Continuum%27%27+following+Gyaltsap+Je%27s+interpretation.)
• Saigyō  + (A+Japanese+Buddhist+poet+of+the+late+Heian … A+Japanese+Buddhist+poet+of+the+late+Heian+and+early+Kamakura+periods%2C+especially+famous+for+his+many+waka+poems%2C+a+traditional+style+of+Japanese+poetry%3B+his+dharma+name+literally+means+%22Traveling+West%2C%22+presumably+referring+to+the+direction+of+the+pure+la+n+d+of+Amit%C4%81bha.+Born+as+Sat%C5%8D+Norikiyo+into+a+family+of+the+warrior+class%2C+he+served+during+his+youth+as+a+guard+for+the+retired+emperor+Toba+%28r.+1107-1123%29+before+becoming+a+monk+at+the+age+of+twenty-two.+Although+relatively+little+is+known+about+his+life%2C+Saigy%C5%8D+seems+to+have+traveled+around+the+country+on+pilgrimage+before+eventually+settling+in+relative+seclusion+on+K%C5%8Dyasan%2C+the+headquarters+of+the+Shingonsh%C5%AB.+Virtually+all+of+his+poems+are+written+in+the+thirty-one-syllable+waka+form+favored+at+court+and+cover+most+of+the+traditional+topics+addressed+in+such+poems%2C+including+travel%2C+reclusion%2C+cherry+blossoms%2C+and+the+beauty+of+the+moon+in+the+night+sky.+His+poetry+also+reflects+the+desolation+and+despondency+that+Japanese+of+his+time+may+have+felt+was+inevitable+during+the+degenerate+age+of+the+dharma+%28J.+%27%27mapp%C5%8D%27%27%3B+C.+%27%27mofa%27%27%29.+Saigy%C5%8D%27s+%27%27Sankash%C5%AB%27%27+%28%22Mountain+Home+Collection%22%29+includes+some+fifteen+hundred+poems+written+in+the+course+of+his+career%3B+ninety-four+of+these+poems+were+included+in+the+imperially+sponsored+waka+collection%2C+the+%27%27Shinkokinsh%C5%AB%27%27+%28%22New+Collection+of+Ancient+and+Modern+Times%22%29%2C+compiled+in+1205%2C+making+him+one+of+Japan%E2%80%99s+most+renowned+and+influential+poets.+%28Source%3A+%22Saigy%C5%8D.%22+In+%27%27The+Princeton+Dictionary+of+Buddhism%27%27%2C+738.+Princeton+University+Press%2C+2014.+http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt46n41q.27.%29ww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt46n41q.27.%29)
• Sangpuwa Lodrö Tsungme  + (A+Kadam+scholar+from+Sangpu+Neutok+Monaste … A+Kadam+scholar+from+Sangpu+Neutok+Monastery+who+was+known+for+his+expertise+in+the+Five+Treatises+of+Maitreya.+He+was+a+contemporary+of+both+D%C3%B6lpopa+and+But%C3%B6n+and+a+teacher+of+the+Sakya+scholar+Yakde+Pa%E1%B9%87chen+and+the+Third+Karmapa%2C+Rangjung+Dorje.n+and+the+Third+Karmapa%2C+Rangjung+Dorje.)
• Divyavajra Vajrācārya  + (A+Newar+Pandit%2C+Divyavajra+was+born+in+t … A+Newar+Pandit%2C+Divyavajra+was+born+in+the+family+of+a+very+well+known+Vajr%C4%81ch%C4%81rya+family+of+Nila+Vajra+and+Bal+Kumari+in+M%C4%81h%C4%81baudha%2C+Kathmandu%2C+Nepal+on+%27%27Jestha+24th+Astami%27%27%2C+1976+Vikram+Sambat+%281919AD%29.%0A%0AHe+tied+up+his+married+life+with+Miss+Keshari%2C+the+daughter+of+Meer+Subba+Heera+Man+Vajrachr%C4%81ya+at+the+age+of+nine.+They+had+four+sons+and+five+daughters.%0A%0APandit+Divyavajra%27s+life+consists+of+two+phases%3A+the+first+half+dedicated+to+the+traditional%2C+herbal+and+naturalopathic+%28Ayurvedic%29+medicine+and+the+second+half+to+the+preservation+of+Nepalese+Buddhist+philosophy+and+literature.+Towards+the+end+of+first+half+period+of+his+life+%28around+the+year+2013+VS%2F+1956AD%29+he+suffered+from+diabetes+and+tuberculosis.+That+forced+him+to+stay+away+from+his+traditional+profession+of+naturopathic+treatment+which+he+had+started+by+establishing+the+Piyusvarshi+Aushadh%C4%81laya+%28Medical+Center%29+in+M%C4%81h%C4%81baudha+Tole%2C+Kathmandu%2C+Nepal+in+the+year+2001+VS%281944AD%29.+This+change+in+his+life+had+inspired+him+to+study+the+Buddha%27s+philosophy+and+to+take+a+teaching+job.+In+addition%2C+he+also+taught+the+P%C4%81li+language+to+several+Newar+Buddhist+monks.%0A%0AUntil+the+year+2010+%281953%29%2C+he+was+very+active+in+teaching+naturalopathy+by+visiting+villages+such+as+Thaiba%2C+Bareg%C4%81%C5%A9+etc+in+the+valley%2C+and+opened+the+health+related+Ayurvedic+traditional+schools.+Besides+this%2C+in+2017+VS%281960%29%2C+he+also+coordinated+the+opening+of+the+first+National+Museum+in+Kathmandu+and+in+the+same+year%2C+organized+a+health+and+vocational+exhibition.%0A%0AFrom+the+very+beginning+of+his+adulthood%2C+his+eyesight+was+very+weak%2C+however+he+was+bold+and+possessed+a+sharp+memory.+He+never+gave+up+studying+Buddhist+texts.+By+the+year+2036+%281979%29+he+had+recited+the+whole+text+of+%27%27Avidharma%27%27%2C+and+collected%2C+translated+and+explained+the+Sanskrit+Buddhist+texts+such+as+%27%27Bodhi+Chary%C4%81vat%C4%81r%27%27%2C+%27%27Langk%C4%81vat%C4%81r%27%27%2C+and+so+on+to+the+public.+He+became+an+advisory+member+to+several+Buddhist+organizations+and+became+the+president+of+the+Dharmodaya+Sabha%2C+the+National+Buddhist+Association+in+Kathmandu%2C+Nepal.%28%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk%2Fcollections%2Fjournals%2Fjns%2Fpdf%2FJNS_03.pdf+Source+Accessed+Mar+15%2C+2021%5D%293.pdf+Source+Accessed+Mar+15%2C+2021%5D%29)
• Bhikshu Heng Ch'ien  + (A+diligent%2C+student+and+cultivator%2C+Dh … A+diligent%2C+student+and+cultivator%2C+Dharma+Master+Heng+Ch%27ien+has+been+one+of+the+foremost+students+to+sit+at+the+feet+of+the+Venerable+Tripitaka+Master+Hsuan+Hua.+He+studied+the+Dharma+Blossom+Sutra+for+over+five+years%2C+and+has+been+explaining+it+for+more+than+four.+His+understanding+of+the+Sutra+is+deep+and+comprehensive%2C+and+his+lectures+have+made+the+Sutra%27s+principles+clear+and+easy+to+understand.+%28%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.dharmasite.net%2Fvbs28%2F28_7.htm+Adapted+from+Source+Oct+1%2C+2022%5D%29tm+Adapted+from+Source+Oct+1%2C+2022%5D%29)
• Tsanyak Sherap Tharchin  + (A+direct+disciple+of+Nyakla+Pema+Dudul+%281816%E2%80%931872%29.)
• Lhopa Kunkhyen Rinchen Pal  + (A+direct+student+of+Sakya+Pa%E1%B9%87%E1%B … A+direct+student+of+Sakya+Pa%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Dita+Kunga+Gyaltsen+%281182%E2%80%931251%29%2C+from+whom+he+received+detailed+teachings+on+the+%27%27Bodhicary%C4%81vat%C4%81ra%27%27.+He+wrote+a+commentary+on+the+%27%27Bodhicary%C4%81vat%C4%81ra%27%27+as+a+synopsis+of+the+teachings+he+had+received+from+Sakya+Pa%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Dita.ceived+from+Sakya+Pa%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Dita.)
• Wangchuk Rinchen  + (A+disciple+of+Lat%C3%B6+K%C3%B6nchok+Khar%2C+he+became+the+abbot+of+Nering.)
• Jamyang Gönpo  + (A+disciple+of+Lorepa%2C+Jamyang+Gonpo+was+the+main+transmitter+of+the+Lower+Drukpa+school.+He+was+also+an+important+teacher+of+the+Chod+tradition.)
• Troshul Khenpo Jampal Dorje  + (A+disciple+of+Mipam+Gyatso+and+author+of+a+commentary+on+%27%27The+Beacon+of+Certainty%27%27+%28%27%27Nges+shes+rin+po+che%27i+sgron+me%27%27%29+titled+%27%27Nges+shes+rin+po+che%27i+sgron+me%27i+rnam+bshad+%27od+zer+dri+med%27%27.)
• Dharmaruci  + (A+fifth-century+monk+from+Central+Asia.+In … A+fifth-century+monk+from+Central+Asia.+In+405+he+went+to+Ch%27ang-an+in+China.+He+completed+the+Chinese+translation+of+The+Ten+Divisions+of+Monastic+Rules+with+Kum%C4%81raj%C4%ABva.+Kum%C4%81raj%C4%ABva+and+Punyat%C4%81ra+earlier+had+begun+to+translate+this+work+from+Sanskrit+into+Chinese%2C+but+due+to+Punyat%C4%81ra%27s+death+the+translation+had+been+suspended.+Upon+the+request+of+the+priest+Hui-y%C3%BCan+and+the+ruler+Yao+Hsing+of+the+Later+Ch%27in+dynasty%2C+Dharmaruchi%2C+who+was+well+versed+in+rules+of+monastic+discipline%2C+completed+the+translation+with+Kum%C4%81raj%C4%ABva.+Later+aspiring+to+disseminate+the+rules+of+monastic+discipline+to+areas+where+they+were+still+unknown%2C+he+embarked+on+a+journey.+His+life+after+that+is+not+known.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.nichirenlibrary.org%2Fen%2Fdic%2FContent%2FD%2F59+Source+Accessed+Aug+27%2C+2021%5D%29%2F59+Source+Accessed+Aug+27%2C+2021%5D%29)
• Śaṅkara  + (A+highly+influential+Ved%C4%81ntic+thinker … A+highly+influential+Ved%C4%81ntic+thinker+and+exegete.+Now+credited+with+the+founding+of+the+Advaita+Ved%C4%81nta+tradition%2C+he+has+been+promoted+by+many%2C+particularly+in+the+modern+era%2C+as+the+greatest+Hindu+philosopher.+Nothing+is+known+of+his+life+beyond+the+hagiographies%3B+these+portray+him+as+a+brahmin+from+the+small+village+of+K%C4%81lati+in+Kerala+who+became+a+sa%E1%B9%83ny%C4%81sin+at+the+age+of+seven.+According+to+the+tradition%2C+his+guru+was+called+Govindap%C4%81da+and+his+paramaguru+%28his+teacher%27s+teacher%29+was+Gau%E1%B8%8Dap%C4%81da.+%28Gau%E1%B8%8Dap%C4%81da+was+the+reputed+author+of+the+earliest+identifiable+Advaita+text%2C+the+Gau%E1%B8%8Dap%C4%81d%C4%ABya+K%C4%81rik%C4%81%2C+the+basis+of+a+commentary+attributed+to+%C5%9Aa%E1%B9%85kara.%29+The+boy+%C5%9Aa%E1%B9%85kara+moved+to+V%C4%81r%C4%81%E1%B9%87as%C4%AB%2C+where+he+acquired+his+own+pupils%2C+including+Padmap%C4%81da+and+Sure%C5%9Bvara.+Moving+again%2C+to+Badrin%C4%81tha%2C+he+composed+the+earliest+surviving+commentary+on+the+Brahmas%C5%ABtras%2C+supposedly+while+still+only+twelve+years+old.+Thereafter%2C+he+led+the+life+of+a+peripatetic+debater+and+teacher%2C+before+dying+at+the+age+of+32+in+the+Him%C4%81layas.+During+his+period+of+wandering+he+is+supposed+to+have+founded+an+India-wide+network+of+Advaitin+monasteries%2C+each+with+its+associated+order+of+sa%E1%B9%83ny%C4%81sins%2C+later+identified+as+the+Da%C5%9Ban%C4%81mis.+There+is+some+evidence%2C+however%2C+that+these+ma%E1%B9%ADhas+may+have+been+established+much+later+in+the+history+of+Advaita%2C+and+it+should+be+noted+that+while+the+Da%C5%9Ban%C4%81mis+have+a+markedly+%C5%9Aaiva+affiliation%2C+it+is+likely+that+%C5%9Aa%E1%B9%85kara+himself+was+born+into+a+sm%C4%81rta+Vai%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%87ava+family.+Nevertheless%2C+by+around+the+10th+century+ce%2C+through+the+advocacy+of+his+pupils%2C+and+various+subcommentators%2C+and+the+critical+response+of+rival+schools%2C+%C5%9Aa%E1%B9%85kara+had+become+established+as+the+major+proponent+of+Advaita%2C+and+a+large+number+of+works%2C+both+philosophical+and+devotional+began+to+be+attributed+to+him.+Most+scholars+now+agree+that+only+a+small+proportion+of+these+texts+should+be+unreservedly+accepted+as+the+work+of+the+8th-century+%C5%9Aa%E1%B9%85kara.+Apart+from+one+independent+text%2C+the+Upade%C5%9Bas%C4%81hasr%C4%AB+%28%E2%80%98Thousand+Teachings%E2%80%99%29%2C+these+are+all+commentaries+%28bh%C4%81%E1%B9%A3yas%29%2C+namely%3A+the+Brahmas%C5%ABtrabh%C4%81%E1%B9%A3ya+%28also+known+as+the+%C5%9A%C4%81r%C4%ABrakabh%C4%81%E1%B9%A3ya%29%2C+bh%C4%81%E1%B9%A3yas+on+the+B%E1%B9%9Bhad%C4%81ra%E1%B9%85yaka+and+Taittir%C4%ABya+Upani%E1%B9%A3ads%2C+and+%28probably%29+the+Bhagavadg%C4%ABt%C4%81%2C+as+well+as+the+commentary+on+the+Gau%E1%B8%8Dap%C4%81d%C4%ABya+K%C4%81rik%C4%81+%28itself+a+commentary+on+the+M%C4%81%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C5%ABkya+Upani%E1%B9%A3ad%29.+Some+scholars+also+regard+commentaries+on+the+other+major+Upani%E1%B9%A3ads+%28with+the+possible+exception+of+the+%C5%9Avet%C4%81%C5%9Bvatara%29+as+genuine.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Foi%2Fauthority.20110803100440958+Source+Accessed+Mar+4%2C+2022%5D%29440958+Source+Accessed+Mar+4%2C+2022%5D%29)
• Ann Helm  + (A+long%E2%80%93term+student+of+Chogyam+Tru … A+long%E2%80%93term+student+of+Chogyam+Trungpa+Rinpoche%2C+Ann+joined+the+Nalanda+Translation+Committee+in+1986.+She+studied+Tibetan+at+Naropa+University%2C+mainly+with+Dzigar+Kongtrul%2C+and+she+taught+Tibetan+and+Foundations+of+Buddhism+at+Naropa+from+1991-2004.+After+30+years+in+Boulder%2C+Ann+lived+as+a+retreatant+for+eight+years+at+Padma+Samye+Ling%2C+the+monastery+in+upstate+New+York+of+Khenchen+Palden+Sherab+and+Khenpo+Tsewang+Dongyal.+From+1997+to+2014%2C+she+translated+primarily+with+Ringu+Tulku+and+for+Dharma+Samudra%2C+the+Khenpo+Brothers%E2%80%99+publication+group.+In+2014+Ann+moved+to+Portland%2C+Oregon%2C+where+she+continues+her+Buddhist+practice+and+study+under+the+guidance+of+Yongey+Mingyur+Rinpoche.+%28%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Frywiki.tsadra.org%2Findex.php%2FAnn_Helm+Source+Accessed+Sept+9%2C+2020%5D%29_Helm+Source+Accessed+Sept+9%2C+2020%5D%29)
• Judith Amtzis  + (A+long+term+student+of+the+Dharma%2C+Judit … A+long+term+student+of+the+Dharma%2C+Judith+met+both+Holiness+Pema+Norbu+Rinpoche+and+Tulku+Urgyen+Rinpoche+in+1976%2C+and+has+lived+in+Asia+since+then%2C+primarily+in+Kathmandu%2C+Nepal.+On+the+request+of+Holiness+Penor+Rinpoche%2C+she+collaborated+with+Khenpo+Sonam+Tsewang+of+Namdroling+Monastery+in+Mysore+to+translate+the+Liberation+Story+of+Namcho+Migyur+Dorje%2C+the+terton+who+discovered+the+treasures+that+make+up+the+core+of+the+Palyul+tradition.+This+biography+is+entitled+%27%27The+All-Pervading+Melodious+Sound+of+Thunder%27%27%2C+and+was+written+by+the+first+Karma+Chagme+Rinpoche.+%28%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Flevekunst.com%2Fteam_member%2Fjudith-amtzis%2F+Adapted+from+Source+July+20%2C+2022%5D%29+Adapted+from+Source+July+20%2C+2022%5D%29)
• Damtsik Dorje Drakpa Pal  + (A+master+born+in+Khal+Kha+%28Mongolia%29.+ … A+master+born+in+Khal+Kha+%28Mongolia%29.+His+teachers+included+Blo+bzang+dge+legs+bstan+%27dzin%2C+Tshe+dbang+skyabs+mchog%2C+Bsod+nams+rgya+mtsho%2C+and+Chos+kyi+rdo+rje.+His+students+included+Skal+bzang+ye+shes%2C+Blo+bzang+bstan+%27dzin+dpal+%27byor%2C+Blo+bzang+yon+tan%2C+and+Bsod+nams+rgya+mtsho.bzang+yon+tan%2C+and+Bsod+nams+rgya+mtsho.)
• Chogye Trichen Rinpoche  + (A+modern+Tibetan+biography+is+available+on … A+modern+Tibetan+biography+is+available+on+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.tbrc.org%2F%23%21rid%3DW1KG17214+BDRC+W1KG17214+%5D%3A+bco+brgyad+khri+chen+rin+po+che%27i+mdzad+rnam+mdor+bsdus.+Edited+by+Yon+tan+bzang+po+%28P5949%29.+Kathmandu%2C+Nepal%3A+Sachen+International%2C+2008.+%0A%0AHis+Eminence+Chogye+Trichen+Rinpoche%2C+Ngawang+Khyenrab+Thupten+Lekshe+Gyatso%2C+is+the+most+senior+Sakya+Lama+and+the+head+of+the+Tsar+sub-school+of+Sakya+tradition.+His+Eminence+is+a+renowned+tantric+master%2C+a+dedicated+practitioner%2C+an+outstanding+scholar%2C+an+eloquent+poet%2C+and+embodies+the+wisdom%2C+spirit+and+activities+of+the+holy+Dharma.+His+Eminence+is+a+master+of+masters+as+most+Tibetan+Buddhist+lineage+holders+are+his+disciples.+Amongst+these+disciples+are+His+Holiness+the+14th+Dalai+Lama%2C+Tenzin+Gyatso%2C+and+His+Holiness+the+41st+Sakya+Trizin%2C+Ngawang+Kunga%2C+and+His+Eminence+is+regarded+as+the+definitive+authority+on+Kalacakra+Tantra.+In+addition+to+His+Eminence%27s+stature+among+Tibetan+lamas%2C+the+late+King+Birendra+of+Nepal+awarded+His+Eminence+%22Gorkha+Dakshin+Babu%22%2C+a+tribute+which+has+never+been+awarded+to+a+Buddhist+monk+in+Nepal+before.%0A%0ABorn+in+1919+in+the+Tsang+province+of+Central+Tibet+into+the+Zhalu+Kushang+family+of+the+Che+clan%2C+a+lineage+descended+from+the+clear+light+gods%2C+he+was+recognized+as+the+reincarnation+of+the+previous+Chogye+Rinpoche+of+Nalendra+Monastery+by+the+13th+Dalai+Lama%2C+Thupten+Gyatso.+Many+auspicious+and+marveleous+signs+accompanied+His+Eminence%27s+birth.+His+Eminence+is+the+26th+patriarch+of+Phenpo+Nalendra+Monastery%2C+North+of+Lhasa.+Founded+by+Rongton+Sheja+Kunrig+%281367-1449%29%2C+Nalendra+is+one+of+the+most+important+Sakya+monasteries+in+Tibet.+Wondrously%2C+each+generation+of+the+Kushang+family+has+produced+no+less+than+four+sons%2C+most+of+who+have+served+as+throne+holders+of+many+important+monasteries+including+Nalendra%2C+Zhalu+and+Ngor.%0A%0AThe+name+%22Kushang%22+meaning+%27royal+maternal+uncle%27+derived+from+the+fact+that+many+daughters+from+the+family+were+married+to+numerous+Sakya+throne+holders%2C+one+of+whom%2C+Drogon+Chagna%2C+was+supreme+ruler+of+Tibet%2C+who+succeeded+Chogyal+Phakpa.%0A%0AThe+name+%22Chogye%22+means+%27Eighteen%27+and+comes+from+the+time+of+Khyenrab+Choje%2C+the+8th+abbot+of+Nalendra+who+also+belonged+to+the+aristocratic+Kushang+family.+Khyenrab+Choje%2C+a+great+teacher+possessing+the+direct+lineage+of+Kalacakra+received+from+Vajrayogini%2C+was+invited+to+be+the+abbot+of+Nalendra+by+Sakya+Trizin+Dagchen+Lodro+Gyaltsen+%281444-1495%29.+Khyenrab+Choje+visited+the+Emperor+of+China+who+was+greatly+impressed+by+the+tantric+scholar+from+Tibet+and+bestowed+on+him+%27eighteen%27+precious+gifts.+From+Khyenrab+Choje+the+lineage+of+Chogye+Rinpoches+began.%0A%0AAt+the+age+of+twelve+His+Eminence+was+officially+enthroned+at+the+Phenpo+Nalendra+Monastery.+In+these+early+years+he+studied+intensively+all+the+basic+liturgies+and+rituals+of+Nalendra+Monastery.+His+two+main+root+Gurus+were+the+4th+Zimwog+Tulku%2C+Ngawang+Tenzin+Thrinley+Norbu+Palzangpo%2C+the+other+main+incarnate+lama+of+Nalendra+Monastery%2C+and+Dampa+Rinpoche+Shenphen+Nyingpo+of+Ngor+Ewam.+From+these+two+great+teachers+His+Eminence+recieved+all+the+major+and+minor+teachings+of+Sakya+such+as+the+two+Lamdre+Traditions%2C+the+Greater+and+Lesser+Mahakalas%2C+the+Four+Tantras%2C+the+Thirteen+Golden+Dharmas%2C+Kalacakra%2C+etc.+His+Eminence+completed+extensive+studies+in+all+major+fields+of+study+taught+in+Lord+Buddha%27s+teachings.+His+Eminence+becomes+a+master+in+both+Sutrayana+and+Mantrayana+teachings.+His+Eminence+is+also+a+great+scholar+of+literature%2C+poetry%2C+history+and+Buddhist+metaphysics+and+a+highly+accomplished+poet.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.yuloling.com%2Fkhacho-yulo-ling%2Fspiritual-leaders%2Fhis-eminence-chogye-trichen-rinpoche.html+Source+Accessed+June+16%2C+2020%5D%29html+Source+Accessed+June+16%2C+2020%5D%29)
• Faju  + (A+monk+and+translator+of+the+Western+Jin+a … A+monk+and+translator+of+the+Western+Jin+apparently+of+unknown+origin+active+between+290%E2%80%93306.+A+collaborator+of+Dharmarak%E1%B9%A3a%2C+who+appears+in+the+colophon+of+Dharmarak%E1%B9%A3a%27s+translation+of+the+%27%27Lalitavistara%27%27+and+the+%27%27Da%C5%9Babh%C5%ABmikas%C5%ABtra%27%27.+%28Source%3A+Z%C3%BCrcher%2C+%27%27The+Buddhist+Conquest+of+China%27%27%2C+2007%29+Twenty-four+texts+are+attributed+to+him+in+the+Taisho+canon.+%28See+%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.acmuller.net%2Fdescriptive_catalogue%2Findexes%2Findex-authors-editors-translators.html+%27%27The+Korean+Buddhist+Canon%3A+A+Descriptive+Catalogue%27%27%5D%29non%3A+A+Descriptive+Catalogue%27%27%5D%29)
• Khenchen Appey Rinpoche  + (A+more+detailed+biography+is+available+her … A+more+detailed+biography+is+available+here%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khenpoappey.org%2Fen%2Fkhenpo-appey-rinpoche%0A%0Aand+here%3A+http%3A%2F%2Finternationalbuddhistacademy.org%2Fbiography-of-our-founder-khenchen-appey-rinpoche%2F%0A%0A%3Cbig%3E%27%27%27An+Introduction+to+Khenpo+Appey+Foundation%27%27%27%3C%2Fbig%3E%3Cbr%3E%0AKhenpo+Appey+Foundation+%28KAF%29+was+established+in+2010+to+honor+the+most+Venerable+Khenchen+Appey+Rinpoche+%281927-2010%29%2C+an+eminent%2C+recognized%2C+and+humble+Tibetan+Buddhist+scholar+and+practitioner+who+dedicated+his+life+exclusively+to+the+propagation+of+the+Buddhadharma.+The+foundation+was+established+by+Mdm+Doreen+Goh%2C+a+devoted+follower+and+sponsor+of+Khenchen+Appey+Rinpoche.+Inspired+by+Khenchen+Appey+Rinpoche%E2%80%99s+vision%2C+KAF+is+a+non-profit+organization+dedicated+to+the+support+and+enhancement+of+Buddhist+study+and+practice.+KAF%E2%80%99s+primary+aim+is+to+extend+the+Buddha%E2%80%99s+wisdom+and+compassion+as+widely+as+possible%2C+in+order+to+benefit+all+beings.%0A%0A%3Cbig%3E%27%27%27Short+Biography%27%27%27%3C%2Fbig%3E%3Cbr%3E%0AKhenpo+Appey+was+born+in+Kus%C3%A9+in+the+kingdom+of+Derg%C3%A9+in+1927.+He+studied+at+Serjong+Monastery+and+later+at+the+Kham-j%C3%A9+shedra+at+Dzongsar+Monastery.%0A%0AAt+the+age+of+nine+he+became+a+monk+at+Serjong+Monastery%2C+where+a+year+later+he+received+his+first+teachings+from+Gapa+Khenpo+Jamgyal%2C+also+known+as+Khenpo+Jamyang+Gyaltsen.%0A%0AFor+nine+years%2C+from+the+age+of+14+to+23%2C+at+Serjong+Shedra%2C+Khenpo+Appey+studied+%E2%80%98the+thirteen+classical+texts%E2%80%99+based+on+Khenpo+Shenga%E2%80%99s+famous+annotation+commentaries.+During+his+last+two+years+at+the+shedra+he+studied+with+Khenpo+Dragyab+Lodr%C3%B6+who+later+became+the+fifth+khenpo+at+Dzongsar+Shedra+and+wrote+a+commentary+on+the+ninth+chapter+of+the+Bodhicharyavatara.+After+his+nine+years+of+intensive+study+at+Serjong+Shedra%2C+Khenpo+Appey+went+to+the+shedra+at+Dzongsar+Monastery%2C+where+he+was+able+to+continue+his+studies+under+Khenpo+Dragyab+Lodr%C3%B6+for+another+year.+He+also+studied+with+Dezhung+Ajam+Rinpoche.%0A%0AHe+went+to+see+Jamyang+Khyentse+Ch%C3%B6kyi+Lodr%C3%B6+in+Sikkim+in+1957.+He+then+returned+to+Tibet+and+spent+time+at+Ngor+Monastery%2C+but+left+in+1959+when+Tibet+was+lost.+He+went+to+see+Jamyang+Khyentse+who+was+ill+in+Sikkim.+After+Jamyang+Khyentse+passed+away%2C+in+accordance+with+his+final+wishes%2C+he+began+to+teach+Sogyal+Rinpoche%2C+giving+him+instruction+on+the+Bodhicharyavatara+in+the+Palace+Monastery+in+the+presence+of+Jamyang+Khyentse%27s+kudung.%0A%0ALater%2C+while+Sogyal+Rinpoche+was+attending+school+in+Kalimpong%2C+Khenpo+Appey+spent+one+or+two+years+in+retreat+in+a+small+village+in+Sikkim.+He+was+later+requested+to+tutor+Dzongsar+Khyentse+Rinpoche.+For+this+purpose%2C+he+founded+the+Sakya+College+in+Barlow+Ganj%2C+Mussoorie%2C+on+19th+December+1972%2C+the+anniversary+of+Sakya+Pandita.+In+the+first+year%2C+there+were+only+seven+students.+Dzongsar+Khyentse+Rinpoche+studied+there+for+five+years.+From+1972+to+1985%2C+Khenpo+Appey+worked+full+time+to+look+after+the+college+and+was+responsible+for+teachings+the+classes%2C+supervising+the+administration+and+raising+funds.%0A%0AIn+2001+he+established+the+International+Buddhist+Academy+in+Boudhanath%2C+Nepal.+He+passed+away+in+Nepal+on+Tuesday+28th+December%2C+2010.%0A%0ASource%3A+%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.rigpawiki.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DKhenpo_Appey+Rigpawiki%5Dex.php%3Ftitle%3DKhenpo_Appey+Rigpawiki%5D)