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Lam rim + (Lam rim has the sense of gradual or graded practice starting from basic techniques to cultivate the thoughts of renunciation, compassion and loving kindness, etc. to insight into ultimate emptiness.)
Mahāyoga + (Mahāyoga is great or supreme with respect to outer tantras and focuses on the skill-in-means, thus mainly refers to what are known as male tantras.)
Svasaṃvedana + (Mind seeing mind. The classic example is that of a lamp that illuminates the surrounding area as well as itself.)
Prātimokṣasaṃvara + (Moral-ethical disciplinary rules that act as a restraint on one's behavior due to their requirements to abide by a specific code of conduct.)
Pariniṣpannasvabhāva + (Of the three natures, this one is representative of the ultimate truth.)
Advaya + (Often used to reference the ultimate truth, which is beyond dualistic conceptions such as subject and object and so forth.)
Prajñā + (One of the most important terms in Buddhis … One of the most important terms in Buddhist philosophy, ''prajñā'', or ''sherab'' in Tibetan, has the sense of "higher knowing" or "special insight." This is the ''prajñā'' in ''prajñāpāramitā'', and it is associated with the wisdom that perceives/knows the actual nature of reality. See also ''jñāna''.ual nature of reality. See also ''jñāna''.)
Prabhāsvaratā + (Radiance, brilliance, or effulgence.)
Paramārthasatya + (Reality as it appears to an enlightened being, in which all phenomena are perceived to be empty of an individual, permanent essence. This is contrasted to the "relative truth" as experienced by unenlightened beings.)
Saṃvṛtisatya + (Reality as it is experienced by ordinary p … Reality as it is experienced by ordinary people whose perception is clouded by ignorance, in contrast to "ultimate truth" or "absolute truth," which is reality as perceived by an enlightened being. Relative truth has practical value in daily life, but upon examination all phenomena are found to be empty of individual, permanent existence. empty of individual, permanent existence.)
Tattva + (Reality or the natural state of things are called suchness or thatness in order to indicate that reality is the nature as it is without any any fabrication or imputation.)
Āvaraṇa + (See also [[āgantukamala |adventitious stains (''āgantukamala'')]])
Āgantukamala + (See also [[āvaraṇa|obscurations (''āvaraṇa'')]]. Something which has been incidentally added on and therefore can be removed.)
Niḥsvabhāvatā + (Since phenomena are dependent on causes and conditions, their mode of being is generally characterized as an absence of self-nature or personally distinct essence.)
Rang stong + (Since relative phenomena arise in dependen … Since relative phenomena arise in dependence on causes and conditions, they cannot be said to exist based solely on their own defining characteristics. Thus they are deemed to be empty of an innate nature. As a noun, this term generally refers to the more traditional, or orthodox, philosophical stance of the Madhyamaka school and its view of emptiness, as opposed to those who profess other-emptiness (''gzhan stong''). For the latter group, self-emptiness is also asserted to be true, but it is only used to describe the relative truth. However, for traditional Mādhyamikas, emptiness is universally applied, and thus the lack of inherent existence is itself the ultimate truth.nt existence is itself the ultimate truth.)
Neyārtha + (Something that is taught as a means to an end.)
Sūtra + (Sūtras originally referred to the aphorist … Sūtras originally referred to the aphoristic sayings and discourses, although one can find many exegetical and descriptive sūtras. In the Buddhist tradition, sūtras are generally considered to be the words of the Buddha or his immediate disciples, in contrast to the commentarial or synoptic literature, some of which summarized and condensed the teachings in the sūtras.and condensed the teachings in the sūtras.)
Niṣprapañca + (That which is unadulterated by the complexities or artifice of thought patterns.)
Ātmaka + (That which one inherently possesses.)
Kagyu + (The Marpa Kagyu (''mar pa bka’ brgyud'') t … The Marpa Kagyu (''mar pa bka’ brgyud'') tradition originated in the eleventh century with the Tibetan translator Marpa Chokyi Lodro, who studied in India with Nāropa. Marpa’s disciple Milarepa famously attained enlightenment in the caves of southern Tibet after renouncing a life of violent revenge; his disciple Gampopa merged the lay siddha practice of his master with the Kadampa monasticism and scholarship that he had previously studied. Gampopa founded the first Kagyu monastery, Daklha Gampo, in southern Tibet. Following Gampopa the tradition split into multiple autonomous subsects known as the four primary (Barom, Pakdru, Karma, and Tselpa), and eight secondary traditions (Drigung, Drukpa, Martsang, Shukseb, Taklung, Tropu, Yabzang, and Yelpa Kagyu). [https://treasuryoflives.org/tradition/Marpa-Kagyu Read more at Treasury of Lives]arpa-Kagyu Read more at Treasury of Lives])
Pāramitā + (The Sanskrit and Tibetan terms pāramitā and phar phyin imply crossing over or reaching the other side because these practices help the individual practitioner to cross the ocean of cycle of existence and reach Buddhahood.)
Bodhipraṇidhicitta + (The altruistic wish to attain enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings.)
Parikalpitasvabhāva + (The artificial and mistaken perception of phenomena as being something which they are not.)
Saṃbhogakāya + (The enjoyment body of the buddha is so called for its perfect and luxurious nature. It is the highest physical form and normally enumerated as one of the three enlightened bodies of a buddha beside truth and emanation bodies.)
Sugatagarbha + (The essence of enlightenment present in all sentient beings.)

Sems nyid + (The essence of mind.)

Byams chos sde lnga + (The list of five is: ''Ornament of Clear R … The list of five is: ''Ornament of Clear Realization (Abhisamayālaṃkāra, mngon rtogs rgyan); Ornament for the Mahāyāna Sūtras (Mahāyānasūtrālaṃkāra, theg pa chen po mdo sde rgyan); Differentiation of the Middle and the Extremes (Madhyāntavibhāga, dbus mtha' rnam 'byed); Differentiation of Phenomena and Their Nature (Dharmadharmatāvibhāga, chos dang chos nyid rnam 'byed)''; and ''The Mahāyāna Treatise of the Highest Continuum (Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra, theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos)''.g pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos)''.)
Tha mal gyi shes pa + (The mind in its natural state. Often used as a synonym for the nature of mind and buddha-nature.)
Prabhāsvaracitta + (The natural radiance of mind.)
Original enlightenment + (The natural state of enlightenment that is obscured by the adventitious stains.)
Ātman + (The notion of ātman is often equated with the Western notions of an eternal soul.)
Bodhiprasthānacitta + (The practical application or fulfillment of the altruistic wish to attain enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings.)
Dpyad sgom + (The practical approach to gaining incontro … The practical approach to gaining incontrovertible conceptual certainty is called analytical meditation or superior insight. ([[Brunnhölzl]], ''[[The Center of the Sunlit Sky]]'', 29)</br></br>"Another division of meditation is into “the analytical meditation of scholars” and “the resting meditation of mendicants,” or simply analytical meditation and resting meditation. The analytical meditation of scholars refers to the intellectual examination of all phenomena through reasoning. There are two key terms here: “discriminating knowledge” and “personally experienced wisdom.” The first step in this analytical meditation is to cultivate discriminating knowledge. This refers to all the levels of increasingly refined inferential valid cognition that are based on reasoning and developed through studying, reflecting, and meditating." ([[Brunnhölzl]], ''[[The Center of the Sunlit Sky]]'', 279)</br></br>"The general scope of analytical meditation encompasses all of the teachings of the Buddha, starting from contemplating impermanence and the preciousness of human existence up through ascertaining the two kinds of identitylessness. Resting meditation includes all types of meditations in which the conclusions achieved through preceding investigation become absorbed by the mind." ([[Brunnhölzl]], ''[[The Center of the Sunlit Sky]]'', 281) Sunlit Sky]]'', 281))
Paratantrasvabhāva + (The relatively dependent nature of phenomena and the consciousness that perceives them.)
Tathāgatagarbha + (The seed or essence of enlightenment. ''Ta … The seed or essence of enlightenment. ''Tathāgata'' loosely translates as "one who has gone to a state of enlightenment," while ''garbha'' has the sense of "womb," "essence," and "embryo." Tathāgatagarbha thus suggests a potential or an innate buddhahood possessed by all sentient beings that is either developed or revealed when one attains enlightenment.r revealed when one attains enlightenment.)
Niḥsvabhāva + (The selflessness of phenomena.)
Bodhisattva + (The term Bodhisattva rendered into Tibetan … The term Bodhisattva rendered into Tibetan as བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་ (wyl. byang chub sems dpa') has the sense of heroic beings who have developed the thought of enlightenment or awakening. Thus, a Bodhisattva is defined as a person who has given rise to Bodhicitta or the thought of enlightenment.odhicitta or the thought of enlightenment.)
Arhat + (The term arhat refers to someone worthy of veneration as well as someone who has overcome the enemies. The Tibetan translation has the latter meaning as arhats are said to have defeated the foes of defiling emotions.)
Pramāṇa + (The term has the sense of being valid, authentic or standard. In Buddhist epistemology, a correct cognition is considered to be the most authentic knowledge or accurate measure of the way things are.)
Abhidharma + (The term has the sense of making knowledge and meaning manifest through intelligent analysis and systematic presentation.)
Tantra + (The term implies a continuum or stream and is thus used to refer to scriptures which teach a substrate nature, such as buddha-nature, that underlies empirical phenomena.)
Prajñāpāramitā + (The term itself references a type of intelligence, discernment, or knowledge that embodies the insight which transcends the notions of the three spheres of agent, object, and action.)
Sarma + (The term often refers to the new translati … The term often refers to the new translation of Buddhist texts in contrast to the translations carried out in the first millennium, particularly of the tantric literature. The tantric tradition which is based on the tantras translated in the period of Early Diffusion of Buddhism in Tibet came to be known as sngags rnying ma or ancient mantra and those based on tantras translated during the Later Diffusion came to known as sngags gear ma or new mantra. to known as sngags gear ma or new mantra.)
Hīnayāna + (The term was used mainly by the proponents of the Greater Vehicle, who considered the goals, understanding, practices, methods, and results of this school as being lesser in scope.)
Trikāya + (The three aspects of perfect enlightenment … The three aspects of perfect enlightenment of a buddha: the enlightened state of one's mind after full transformation, the pure physical existence one attains as a result of inner perfection, and the myriad forms one can emanate from the enlightened state to help others.from the enlightened state to help others.)
Dharmadhātu + (The ultimate source of phenomenal appearances, or the basic nature which allows for phenomena to arise in all their multiplicity. It is often treated as a synonym for emptiness and the ultimate truth.)
Nītārtha + (The unadulterated truth, in the sense of something that is taught explicitly without any underlying intention or need for further interpretation.)
Uttaratantra + (There is extensive discussion of the title … There is extensive discussion of the title in multiple academic sources. For further information about the text and its title, please see the entry for this text, ''[[Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra]]''. And for a short essay on the translation of this term, see "[[Continuum vs. Teachings]]."ntinuum vs. Teachings]].")
Ekayāna + (There is ultimately only one way to become a buddha.)
Triviṣa + (These three are traditionally featured as … These three are traditionally featured as the central hub in depictions of the so-called wheel of life (Skt. ''bhāvacakra'', Tib. ''srid pa'i 'khor lo''). In these images they are represented by a pig known for sleeping in their own filth and other such behavior as the embodiment of ''moha'', a type of Indian bird that is known for its possessive attachment to its mate as the embodiment of ''rāga'', and a snake that is quick to strike at the slightest provocation as the embodiment of ''dveṣa''. These three are likewise depicted as chasing after, or being pulled along, by each other in a circle to demonstrate how these emotional reactions feed into each other and thus perpetuate this cycle. Though sometimes it is the pig which is pictured biting the tails of both the bird and the snake to show that both those emotional responses are rooted in our lack of understanding.s are rooted in our lack of understanding.)
Buddhadhātu + (This is most likely the direct source of t … This is most likely the direct source of the English term ''buddha-nature'' via its translation into Chinese and Japanese. These traditions tended to treat the Sanskrit terms ''dhātu'', ''gotra'', and ''garbha'' as synonyms when compounded with the term ''buddha'', though the translation of ''buddhadhātu'' seems to have been adopted as the standard technical term to reference the buddha-nature doctrine, as it could cover a wider range of possible meanings. In other words, the term ''dhātu'' could more easily reference both the causal aspect of this nature, commonly associated with the term ''gotra'', and the fruition aspect of this nature, commonly associated with the term ''garbha''.monly associated with the term ''garbha''.)