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Degree+in+English%2C+teacher+of+French%2C+professional+translator%3B+completed+two+three-year+retreats+at+Chanteloube%2C+France%2C+1980%E2%80%931985+and+1990%E2%80%931993%3B+founding+member+of+Padmakara+Translation+Group.+Tsadra+Foundation+Fellow+since+2002.%0A%0ADeclaring+himself+%E2%80%9Cmethodical+and+particular%E2%80%9D+to+the+point+of+excess%2C+Christian+Bruyat+is+pleased+that+working+with+Tsadra+allows+him+the+extra+time+to+try+and+do+accurate+translations.+Coupled+with+this+drive+he+has+an+%E2%80%9Cuncanny+ability%E2%80%9D+to+find+translation+errors+%E2%80%9Ceven+when+I+read+the+works+of+others+who+are+much+more+worthy+than+me%2C+and+are+big+scholars.%E2%80%9D+He+does+not+mean+to+be+arrogant+or+irritating%2C+and+attributes+his+knack+to+%E2%80%9Csome+kind+of+karma+with+Tibetan+%E2%80%A6%E2%80%9D+Since+at+age+five+he+informed+his+parents+that+he+intended+to+marry+a+Japanese+lady+when+he+grew+up%E2%80%94he+married+a+Chinese+woman+instead%E2%80%94one+might+well+agree+that+some+sort+of+past-life+Asian+connection+seems+to+be+at+play+in+Christian%E2%80%99s+life.%0AHe+has+had+the+fortunate+destiny+to+spend+five+years+with+Dilgo+Khyentse+Rinpoche+in+Nepal+and+Bhutan.+Appropriately+enough%2C+Dzogchen+teachings+are+Christian%E2%80%99s+favorite+and+most+inspiring+scriptural+material%2C+especially+the+works+of+Longchenpa%2C+Patrul+Rinpoche%2C+and+Mipham+Rinpoche.%0A%0APreviously+Published+Translations%3Cbr%3E%0A%E2%80%A2++Le+Chemin+de+la+Grande+Perfection%2C+Patrul+Rinpoch%C3%A9+%28and+preliminary+work+on+the+draft+of+its+English+version%2C+The+Words+of+My+Perfect+Teacher%2C+with+Charles+Hastings%29%0A%0A%27%27%27Completed+Projects+as+a+Tsadra+Foundation+Fellow%27%27%27%3Cbr%3E%0A%E2%80%A2++Mahasiddhas%2C+La+vie+de+84+sages+de+l%E2%80%99Inde%2C+Abhayadatta+%28with+Patrick+Carr%C3%A9%29%0A%E2%80%A2++Le+Pr%C3%A9cieux+Ornement+de+la+lib%C3%A9ration%2C+Gampopa%0A%E2%80%A2++Perles+d%E2%80%99ambroisie+%283+vols.%29%2C+Kunzang+Palden+%28with+Patrick+Carr%C3%A9%29%0A%E2%80%A2++Bodhicaryavatara%2C+La+Marche+vers+l%E2%80%99%C3%89veil%2C+Shantideva+%28with+Patrick+Carr%C3%A9%29
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I+am+an+associate+professor+of+philosophy+in+the+Department+of+Philosophy+at+the+College+of+Charleston.+I+work+in+the+fields+of+philosophy+of+mind%2C+Phenomenology%2C+and+cross-cultural+philosophy%2C+especially+Indian+and+Buddhist+philosophy+in+dialogue+with+Western+philosophy+and+cognitive+science.+I+have+recently+published+a+book%2C+Perceiving+Reality%3A+Consciousness%2C+Intentionality%2C+and+Cognition+in+Buddhist+Philosophy+%28OUP%2C+2012%29+that+develops+a+view+of+Buddhist+epistemology%2C+in+the+tradition+of+Dignaga+and+Dharmakirti%2C+as+continuous+with+the+phenomenological+methods+and+insights+of+Husserl+and+Merleau-Ponty%2C+as+well+as+with+naturalistic+approaches+to+epistenology+and+philosophy+of+mind.+In+2012+I+co-directed+%28with+Jay+Garfield+and+Evan+Thompson%29+an+NEH+Summer+Institute+exploring+the+convergence+of+analytic%2C+phenomenological%2C+and+Buddhist+perspectives+in+the+investigation+of+consciousness.+I+am+currently+completing+a+book+manuscript+on+the+intersections+between+perceptual+and+affective+consciousness%2C+tentatively+entitled+Sense%2C+Self-Awareness%2C+and+Subjectivity.%0A%0ABefore+joining+the+Philosophy+Department+at+the+College+of+Charleston%2C+I+taught+in+the+Centre+for+Asian+Societies+and+Histories+at+the+Australian+National+University.+I+received+my+Ph.D.+from+the+Australian+National+University+in+2005%3B+I+also+hold+a+B.A.+and+M.A.+in+philosophy+from+the+University+of+Bucharest.+While+at+ANU%2C+I+also+worked+on+a+proof+of+concept+model+for+parsing+Sanskrit+based+on+the+Interlingua+System+%28the+project+was+funded+by+an+ARC+grant%29.+I+have+and+continue+to+travel+extensively+for+my+research.+I+spent+four+and+a+half+years+in+India+in+the+mid+1990s+pursuing+studies+in+Sanskrit+and+Indian+Philosophy.+While+in+India%2C+I+was+affiliated+with+several+research+institutes%2C+including+the+Asiatic+Society+in+Calcutta+%281995-1996%29%2C+the+Bhandarkar+Oriental+Research+Institute+and+De+Nobili+College+in+Pune+%281993%29%2C+and+the+Central+Institute+of+Higher+Tibetan+Studies%2C+Sarnath%2C+Varanasi+%281995-1997%29.+I+was+a+visiting+scholar+at+Queens%27+College%2C+Cambridge+University+in+2000%2C+and+at+the+Institut+de+Civilisation+Indienne%2C+Paris+in+2001.%0A%0AI+grew+up+on+the+banks+of+the+Danube+in+Galati%2C+Romania.+I+now+live+in+Charleston%2C+and+am+married+to+my+colleague%2C+philosopher+and+author+Sheridan+Hough.
Christian+Lindtner+is+Danish+citizen%2C+born+in+1949.+He+received+his+PhD+in+Buddhist+Studies+in+1982+from+the+University+of+Copenhagen.+He+has+published+numerous+books+of+translations+from+Oriental+languages+and+edited+many+texts+%E2%80%93+mainly+philosophical+%E2%80%93+for+the+first+time+from+original+manuscripts+in+Sanskrit+and+Tibetan+%28discovered+in+libraries+in+Tibet%2C+Mongolia%2C+and+India%29.+He+has+been+a+contributor+to+many+learned+journals+%28history+of+religions%2C+philosophy%2C+history%2C+philology%29.+He+has+taught+and+lectured+at+many+universities+in+Europe%2C+USA%2C+and+Asia.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fcodoh.com%2Flibrary%2Fauthors%2Flindtner-christian%2F+Adapted+from+Source+Feb+26%2C+2021%5D%29 +
A+specialist+on+medieval+Daoism%2C+Christine+Mollier+is+the+author+of+numerous+works+in+that+field+including+the+award-winning+book%2C+%27%27Une+apocalypse+tao%C3%AFste+du+Ve+si%C3%A8cle%2C+Le+Livre+des+incantations+divines+des+grottes+abyssales%27%27+%28Coll%C3%A8ge+de+France%2C+1990%29.+She+has+collaborated+in+%27%27The+Taoist+Canon+project%27%27+%28Univ.+of+Chicago+Press%2C+2004%29%2C+and+%27%27The+Encyclopedia+of+Taoism%27%27+%28Routledge%2C+2008%29.%0A%0AAs+a+member%2C+since+1990%2C+of+the+French+research+team+on+Dunhuang+studies%2C+she+is+co-author+of+the+fifth+volume+of+the+%27%27Catalogue+des+manuscrits+chinois+du+fonds+Pelliot+de+Dunhuang%27%27+%281995%29+and+participated+in+several+other+major+Dunhuang+projects.+More+recently+she+has+focused+her+research+on+the+domain+of+Buddho-Daoist+interactions%2C+dealing+not+only+with+texts+but+also+with+iconography.+Her+major+works+in+this+field+are+%27%27Buddhism+and+Taoism+Face+to+Face%3A+Scripture%2C+Ritual%2C+and+Iconographic+Exchange+in+Medieval+China%27%27+%28Univ.+of+Hawaii+Press%2C+2008%2C+awarded+the+Stanislas+Julien+Prize+of+the+Acad%C3%A9mie+des+Inscriptions+et+Belles-lettres%2C+2008%29%2C+and+%E2%80%9CIconizing+the+Daoist-Buddhist+Relationship%3A+Cliff+Sculptures+in+Sichuan+during+the+Reign+of+Emperor+Tang+Xuanzong%22%2C+%28%27%27Daoism%3A+Religion%2C+History+and+Society%27%27+2010-2+Chinese+University+of+Hong+Kong%29.%0A%0AShe+is+currently+working+on+a+book+project+on+apotropaic+talismans%2C+investigating+Eastern+Han+archeological+finds+and+Dunhuang+and+Central+Asian+documents.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.crcao.fr%2Fmembre%2Fchristine-mollier%2F%3Flang%3Den+Source+Accessed+June+20%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Christoph+C%C3%BCppers+studied+Indology+and+Tibetology+at+the+University+of+Hamburg+following+seven+years+at+the+University+of+D%C3%BCsseldorfer+Kunstakademie.+From+1983+to+1988%2C+he+served+as+Deputy+Director+and+Director+at+the+Nepal-German+Manuscript+Preservation+Project.+Since+1995%2C+he+is+Director+of+the+Lumbini+International+Research+Institute.+In+his+research%2C+he+focuses+on+the+history+of+17th+century+Tibet%2C+Tibetan+law+and+the+state+administration%2C+as+well+as+on+cultural+exchanges+between+Tibetan+and+Nepal.+%28Source%3A+%27%27Handbook+of+Tibetan+Iconometry%27%27%29 +
Beckwith+has+taught+at+IU+for+45+years%2C+in+which+time+he+has+developed+48+distinct+courses.+He+is+one+of+the+most+prolific+and+versatile+researchers+in+the+field+of+Central+Eurasian+studies.+Beckwith+is+renowned+for+revolutionary+scholarship+that+reshapes+understanding+of+how%2C+why+and+when+the+Central+Eurasian+steppe+peoples+from+Eastern+Europe+to+East+Asia+influenced+the+development+of+knowledge%2C+religious+beliefs+and+societies%2C+not+only+within+their+homeland+but+in+the+neighboring+peripheral+cultures+of+Europe%2C+the+Middle+East%2C+South+Asia%2C+and+East+Asia+as+well.+His+research+focuses+on+the+history+of+ancient+and+medieval+Central+Eurasia+and+the+cultures+of+the+peripheral+peoples%2C+as+well+as+the+linguistics+of+Aramaic%2C+Chinese%2C+Japanese%2C+Koguryo%2C+Old+Tibetan%2C+Scythian%2C+Turkic%2C+and+other+languages.%0A%0AHe+has+been+named+a+MacArthur+Fellow%2C+a+Guggenheim+Fellow%2C+a+Fulbright-Hays+Fellow%2C+and+a+Japan+Foundation+fellow+and+has+had+numerous+visiting+appointments+around+the+United+States+and+the+world.+He+has+authored+12+books+and+over+60+articles.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fhls.indiana.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fbeckwith-christopher.html+Source+Accessed+Feb+24%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Christopher+Bell%2C+PhD%2C+is+an+associate+professor+of+religious+studies+at+Stetson+University.+He+received+his+bachelor+of+arts+degree+in+creative+writing+and+religions+and+his+master+of+arts+degree+in+religious+studies+from+Florida+State+University.+He+received+his+doctoral+degree+from+the+University+of+Virginia%2C+where+his+area+of+concentration+has+been+in+Tibetan+and+Buddhist+studies.+He+has+experience+as+a+teaching+assistant+and+as+an+instructor+at+both+Florida+State+University+and+at+the+University+of+Virginia%2C+as+well+as+experience+for+one+year+as+a+teaching+associate+at+the+Hong+Kong+University+of+Science+and+Technology+in+Hong+Kong.+During+his+graduate+program+he+was+awarded+a+Fulbright+Institute+of+International+Education+Graduate+Fellowship+for+International+Study+and+completed+extensive+multi-country+field+research+in+the+Chinese+cities+of+Xining%2C+Chengdu%2C+and+Lhasa%2C+Tibet%2C+as+well+as+in+Dharamsala%2C+India.+He+is+a+member+of+the+Phi+Beta+Kappa+honor+society.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.stetson.edu%2Fother%2Ffaculty%2Fchristopher-bell.php+Source+Accessed+Oct.+31%2C+2023%5D%29 +
%3D%3D%3DActive+Projects%3D%3D%3D%0A%2AWorking+as+a+consultant+for+the+%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.dzongkha.gov.bt%2F+Dzongkha+Development+Commission%5D%0A%2A%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.thlib.org%2F+Tibetan+%26+Himalayan+Library+-+Sections+on+Tibetan+Script%5D%0A%2A%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fsite%2Fchrisfynn2%2Ftibetanscriptfonts%2Fjomolhari+Jomolhari+Font%5D%0A%2A%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fsavannah.nongnu.org%2Fprojects%2Ffree-tibetan%2F+Free+Tibetan+Fonts+Project%5D%0A%3D%3D%3DSome+Previous+Projects%3D%3D%3D%0A%2AWorked+as+a+consultant+for+the+National+Library+of+Bhutan%0A%2ABhutan+National+Digital+Library%0A%2AOversaw+the+text+input+for+a+new+edition+of+Padma+Lingpa%27s+zab+gter+chos+mdzod+for+HE+Gangteng+Tulku%27s+Padmasambhava+Project.%0A%3A%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Frywiki.tsadra.org%2Findex.php%2FChristopher_Fynn+Source%3A+Chris+Fynn%2C+RyWiki+Entry%5D%29%0A%3D%3D%3DOther+Links%3D%3D%3D%0A%2A%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fsite%2Fchrisfynn2%2Fhome%2Ftibetanscriptfonts+Tibetan+script+info%5D%0A%2A%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fsite%2Fchrisfynn2%2F+Web+site%5D%0A%2A%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUser%3ACfynn+Chris+Fynn%5D+at+Wikimedia+Commons +
Christopher+%E2%80%9CDoc%E2%80%9D+Kelley+received+a+PhD+in+Religion+from+Columbia+University+where+he+studied+Indo-Tibetan+Buddhism+with+Robert+A.+F.+Thurman.+He+is+a+scholar+of+Buddhism+and+an+adjunct+professor+in+religious+studies+at+Eugene+Lang+College+of+Liberal+Arts%2C+The+New+School+University.+He+is+also+the+co-founder+of+Consciousness+Hacking+NYC%2C+and+a+founder+and+co-facilitator+of+Psychedelic+Sangha.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fmenla.org%2Fteachers%2Fdr-christopher-kelley%2F+Source+Accessed+May+13%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Chris+Jones+completed+doctoral+research+at+the+University+of+Oxford+%28St+Peter%E2%80%99s+College%29+in+2015%2C+with+a+thesis+that+explored+the+language+of+selfhood+%28%C4%81tman%29+in+relation+to+teachings+about+buddha-nature+in+Indian+Buddhist+literature.+The+thesis+was+awarded+the+Khyentse+Foundation+Award+for+outstanding+doctoral+research+produced+in+Europe%2C+and+was+the+foundation+for+his+first+monograph+%E2%80%93+The+Buddhist+Self%3A+On+Tath%C4%81gatagarbha+and+%C4%80tman.+Jones+spent+three+further+years+researching+and+teaching+at+Oxford+as+a+Postdoctoral+Fellow+of+the+British+Academy%2C+and+is+now+on+a+UK+Arts+and+Humanities+Research+Project+connected+to+the+University+of+Cambridge%2C+associated+also+with+the+University+of+Edinburgh.+His+continuing+research+concerns+predominantly+Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na+Buddhist+thought+as+preserved+across+Sanskrit%2C+Chinese+and+Tibetan+literature%2C+as+well+as+the+boundaries+and+interactions+between+Buddhism+and+other+religious+traditions+in+India+and+elsewhere.+%28Personal+Communication%2C+September+2021%5D%29 +
The+Chung+Tai+Translation+Committee+comprises+of+Dharma+Masters+and+lay+disciples+and+convenes+regularly.+To+view+or+download+other+sutra+translations+by+CTTC%2C+visit+%E2%80%9CDharma+Gems%E2%80%9D+on+http%3A%2F%2Fsunnyvale.ctzen.org.+See+also+the+publisher%2C+the+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fresearch.tsadra.org%2Findex.php%2FChung_Tai_Shan_Buddhist_Foundation+Chung+Tai+Shan+Buddhist+Foundation%5D. +
Wrote+an+interlinear+commentary+on+the+%27%27Bodhicary%C4%81vat%C4%81ra%27%27+titled+%27%27Byang+chub+sems+dpa%27i+spyod+pa+la+%27jug+pa%27i+rnam+par+bshad+pa+dam+pa%27i+zhal+lung+rmongs+pa%27i+mun+sel%27%27.+His+commentary+on+chapter+9+has+a+separate+title+called+%27%27Shes+rab+le%27u%27i+brjed+byang+dam+pa%27i+zhal+lung+rmongs+pa%27i+mun+sel%27%27. +
Chogyam+Trungpa+%281940%E2%80%931987%29%E2%80%94meditation+master%2C+teacher%2C+and+artist%E2%80%94founded+Naropa+University+in+Boulder%2C+Colorado%2C+the+first+Buddhist-inspired+university+in+North+America%3B+the+Shambhala+Training+program%3B+and+an+international+association+of+meditation+centers+known+as+Shambhala+International.+He+is+the+author+of+numerous+books%2C+including+%27%27%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.shambhala.com%2Fshambhala-the-sacred-path-of-the-warrior.html+Shambhala%3A+The+Sacred+Path+of+the+Warrior%5D%27%27%2C+%27%27%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.shambhala.com%2Fcutting-through-spiritual-materialism-458.html+Cutting+Through+Spiritual+Materialism%5D%27%27%2C+and+%27%27%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.shambhala.com%2Fthe-myth-of-freedom-and-the-way-of-meditation-1073.html+The+Myth+of+Freedom%5D%27%27.+%28%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.shambhala.com%2Fauthors%2Fo-t%2Fchogyam-trungpa.html%3Flimit%3D90+Source+Accessed+March+20%2C+2019%5D%29%0A%0ASee+also+the+%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.shambhala.org%2Fteachers%2Fchogyam-trungpa.php+Shambhala+biography+online%5D. +
%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.tbrc.org%2F%23%21rid%3DP541+TBRC%5D +
Ch%C3%B6je+Lingpa%2C+also+known+as+Rokje+Lingpa+as+well+as+several+other+names%2C+was+initially+recognized+as+the+rebirth+of+a+Kagyu+master+by+the+Seventh+Shamarpa+and+installed+at+Rechung+Phuk%2C+an+institution+named+after+Milarepa%27s+disciple+Rechungpa+and+the+site+where+Tsangny%C3%B6n+Heruka+wrote+his+famous+biography+of+Milarepa.+Though+Ch%C3%B6je+Lingpa+he+would+become+an+important+teacher+to+several+important+Kagyu+hierarchs+including+the+Karmapa+and+Shamarpa%2C+he+we+also+involved+with+several+Nyingma+masters%2C+including+the+tert%C3%B6n+Taksham+Nuden+Dorje+who+granted+him+prophecies+and+made+him+the+steward+of+his+treasures.+He+would+become+a+prolific+tert%C3%B6n+in+his+own+right+and+came+to+be+considered+the+penultimate+emanation+of+Gyalse+Lhaje%2C+prior+to+his+rebirth+as+Jamyang+Khyentse+Wangpo. +
It+is+as+of+yet+unclear+who+this+figure+is+and+there+are+several+possibilities+on+BDRC%2C+such+as+rdzong+sngon+blo+gros+chos+kyi+go+cha+%28%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bdrc.io%2Fresource%2FP7921+P7921%5D%29.+His+termas+have+also+been+published+%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bdrc.io%2Fresource%2FMW1KG6249+here%5D+with+authorship+attributed+to+rdzong+sngon+pad%2Bma+thugs+mchog+rdo+rje+%28%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fpurl.bdrc.io%2Fresource%2FP7959+P7959%5D%29 +
Chokyi+Nyima+Rinpoche+is+a+world-renowned+teacher+and+meditation+master+in+the+Kagyu+and+Nyingma+traditions+of+Tibetan+Buddhism.+He+was+born+in+Tibet+in+1951+as+the+oldest+son+of+his+mother+Kunsang+Dechen%2C+a+devoted+Buddhist+practitioner%2C+and+his+father+Tulku+Urgyen+Rinpoche%2C+an+accomplished+master+of+Buddhist+meditation.+As+a+young+child%2C+Chokyi+Nyima%E2%80%94%22Sun+of+the+Dharma%22%E2%80%94was+recognized+as+the+7th+incarnation+of+the+Tibetan+meditation+master+Gar+Drubchen.%0A%0AIn+1959%2C+following+the+Chinese+occupation+of+Tibet%2C+Rinpoche%27s+family+fled+to+India+where+Rinpoche+spent+his+youth+studying+under+some+of+Tibetan+Buddhism%E2%80%99s+most+illustrious+masters%2C+such+as+His+Holiness+the+16th+Gyalwang+Karmapa%2C+Kyabje+Dilgo+Khyentse+Rinpoche%2C+His+Holiness+Dudjom+Rinpoche%2C+Khunu+Lama+Tenzin+Gyaltsen%2C+and+his+father%2C+Kyabje+Tulku+Urgyen+Rinpoche.%0A%0AIn+1974%2C+Rinpoche+left+India+to+join+his+parents+in+Kathmandu%2C+Nepal%2C+where+he+assisted+them+in+establishing+Ka-Nying+Shedrub+Ling+Monastery.+Upon+its+completion+in+1976%2C+H.H.+the+Karmapa+enthroned+Chokyi+Nyima+Rinpoche+as+the+monastery%27s+abbot.+To+this+day%2C+Ka-Nying+Shedrub+Ling+remains+the+heart+of+Rinpoche%E2%80%99s+ever-growing+mandala+of+activity.+%28Source%3A+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fshedrub.org%2Fabout-us%2F+Shedrub.org%5D%29 +
Chos+kyi+%27od+zer+%28Nom-un+gerel%2C+Choiji+Odser%2C+or+%C4%8Cosgi+Odsir%29+was+a+Uighur+scholar+of+the+Sakya+order+who+translated+the+%27%27Bodhicary%C4%81vat%C4%81ra%27%27+into+Mongolian+in+1305+%28other+sources+say+1312%2C+see+Baumann%2C+2008%29+and+wrote+a+commentary+on+the+text%2C+of+which+only+a+fragment+remains.+According+to+Liland%27s+MA+thesis+%282009%29%2C+he+flourished+between+1305%E2%80%931321.+According+to+Alexander+Berzin%2C+%22The+first+Buddhist+text+translated+from+Tibetan+into+Mongolian+was+Shantideva%27s+%27%27Engaging+in+Bodhisattva+Behavior%27%27+%28%27%27Byang-chub+sems-dpa%E2%80%99i+spyod-pa-la+%E2%80%98jug-pa%27%27%2C+Skt.+%27%27Bodhisattvacaryavatara%27%27%29.+It+was+prepared+by+the+Uighur+translator+Chokyi+Ozer+%28Chos-kyi+%E2%80%98od-zer%29%2C+during+the+reign+of+the+Mongol+Yuan+Emperor+Khaisan+K%C3%BCl%C3%BCg+%28Chin.+Wuzong%2C+Wu-tsung%2C+1308%E2%80%931311%29.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fstudybuddhism.com%2Fen%2Fadvanced-studies%2Fhistory-culture%2Ftransmission-of-buddhism%2Ftraditional-guidelines-for-translating-buddhist-texts+See+Berzin%5D%29.+Vesna+Wallace+also+notes+that+he+was+this+first+to+translate+the+%27%27Four+Medical+Tantras%27%27+from+Tibetan+to+Mongolian.+His+student+was+Shes+rab+seng+ge. +
Ch%C3%BCn-fang+Y%C3%BC+has+long+been+interested+in+how+Buddhism+developed+in+China%2C+and+how+conditions+in+China+shaped+various+changes+in+Buddhism.+She+has+explored+these+questions+in+works+that+range+from+the+historical+transformation+of+Guanyin+%28Kuan-yin%29+from+male+to+female%2C+to+the+work+of+women+in+Buddhism+today.+She+was+born+in+China+and+educated+in+Taiwan%2C+graduating+from+Tunghai+University+with+a+major+in+English+Literature+and+minor+in+Chinese+philosophy.+She+received+a+MA+degree+from+Smith+College+in+English+Literature+and+a+Ph.D.+in+Religion+from+Columbia+University%2C+specializing+in+Chinese+Buddhism.+She+taught+at+Rutgers%2C+the+State+University+of+New+Jersey+from+1972+to+2004+when+she+returned+to+Columbia.+She+is+the+Sheng+Yen+Professor+Emerita+in+Chinese+Buddhist+Studies%2C+and+a+faculty+member+in+both+Religion+and+EALAC.%0A%0AHer+research+interests+are+quite+broad.+Her+early+works+deal+with+the+history+of+Chinese+Buddhist+thought+and+institutions.Later+she+focused+on+Buddhist+rituals+and+practices.+Her+first+book%2C+%22The+Renewal+of+Buddhism+in+China%3A+Chu-hung+and+the+Late+Ming+Synthesis+%281981%29%2C+is+one+of+the+earliest+studies+in+English+on+post-Tang+Buddhism.+Other+articles+dealing+with+Chinese+Buddhism+in+the+late+imperial+period+include%3A+%E2%80%9CChung-feng+Ming-pen+and+Ch%E2%80%99an+Buddhism+in+the+Yuan%E2%80%9D+%281982%29%2C+%E2%80%9CCh%E2%80%99an+Education+in+the+Sung%3A+Ideals+and+Procedures%E2%80%9D+%281989%29%2C+and+the+Cambridge+History+of+China%E2%80%99s+%E2%80%9CBuddhism+in+the+Ming+Dynasty%E2%80%9D+%281998%29.+She+is+also+interested+in+the+interaction+between+religion%2C+including+Buddhism%2C+and+Chinese+society.+With+Susan+Naquin%2C+she+co-edited+%22Pilgrims+and+Sacred+Sites+in+China%22+%281992%29.+She+is+the+editor+of+%E2%80%9CIn+Search+of+the+Dharma%3A+Memoirs+of+a+Modern+Chinese+Buddhist+Pilgrim%E2%80%9D+%28+1992%29+and+%22The+Ultimate+Realm%3A+Doctrines+of+Tienti+Teachings%2C+A+New+Religion%22+%281994%29+Her+book+%22Kuan-yin%3A+The+Chinese+Transformation+of+Avalokite%C5%9Bvara%22+%282001%29+traces+the+patterns+of+the+evolution+of+the+cult+of+Guanyin+through+the+various+medias+of+transmission+and+promotion+of+the+cult.+More+recently+she+studied+the+prominent+roles+of+Buddhist+nuns+in+Taiwan+which+resulted+in+the+publication+of+%E2%80%9CPassing+of+the+Light%3A+The+Incense+Light+Community+and+Buddhist+Nuns+in+Contemporary+Taiwan%E2%80%9D+%282013%29.%0A%0AHer+current+research+interests+reflect+her+continuing+fascination+with+the+transformation+of+Buddhism+in+China.+She+has+begun+a+new+project+which+is+tentatively+entitled+%E2%80%9CThe+Creation+of+a+Buddhist+Pantheon%E2%80%9D%3B+it+studies+the+pairing+of+two+bodhisattvas%3A+Guanyin+and+Dizang%2C+in+iconography+and+temple+architecture+from+the+tenth+century+on.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Freligion.columbia.edu%2Fcontent%2Fchun-fang-yu+Source+Accessed+June+2%2C+2023%5D%29