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Degree in English, teacher of French, professional translator; completed two three-year retreats at Chanteloube, France, 1980–1985 and 1990–1993; founding member of Padmakara Translation Group. Tsadra Foundation Fellow since 2002.
Declaring himself “methodical and particular” to the point of excess, Christian Bruyat is pleased that working with Tsadra allows him the extra time to try and do accurate translations. Coupled with this drive he has an “uncanny ability” to find translation errors “even when I read the works of others who are much more worthy than me, and are big scholars.” He does not mean to be arrogant or irritating, and attributes his knack to “some kind of karma with Tibetan …” Since at age five he informed his parents that he intended to marry a Japanese lady when he grew up—he married a Chinese woman instead—one might well agree that some sort of past-life Asian connection seems to be at play in Christian’s life.
He has had the fortunate destiny to spend five years with Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche in Nepal and Bhutan. Appropriately enough, Dzogchen teachings are Christian’s favorite and most inspiring scriptural material, especially the works of Longchenpa, Patrul Rinpoche, and Mipham Rinpoche.
Previously Published Translations<br>
• Le Chemin de la Grande Perfection, Patrul Rinpoché (and preliminary work on the draft of its English version, The Words of My Perfect Teacher, with Charles Hastings)
'''Completed Projects as a Tsadra Foundation Fellow'''<br>
• Mahasiddhas, La vie de 84 sages de l’Inde, Abhayadatta (with Patrick Carré)
• Le Précieux Ornement de la libération, Gampopa
• Perles d’ambroisie (3 vols.), Kunzang Palden (with Patrick Carré)
• Bodhicaryavatara, La Marche vers l’Éveil, Shantideva (with Patrick Carré) +
Christian Charrier holds a Masters degree in English and a diploma in psycholinguistics. He was a translator for Geshe Tengye in France, and he completed a three-year retreat under Lama Gendun Rinpoche in le Bost, France. He has been a translation consultant for Tsadra Foundation from 2002–2003 and has been a Tsadra Foundation Fellow since 2004.
'''Current Projects as a Tsadra Foundation Fellow:'''<br>
*''Le Voyage et son but'', Jamgön Kongtrul
*''La pratique des tantras bouddhistes'', Jamgön Kongtrul
'''Completed Projects as a Tsadra Foundation Fellow:'''<br>
*''Marpa, maître de Milarépa, sa vie, ses chants'', Tsang Nyeun Hérouka
*''Vie de Jamgœun Kongtrul, écrite par lui-même'', Jamgön Kongtrul
*''L’Ondée de sagesse, Chants de la lignée Kagyu'', Karmapa Mikyeu Dorje, Tènpai Nyinjé
*''Rayons de lune, Les étapes de la méditation du Mahamudra'', Dakpo Tashi Namgyal
*''Au Coeur du ciel Vol I and II'', Pawo Rinpoche, the Eighth Karmapa Mikyö Dorje (from the English translation by Karl Brunnhölzl – ''The Centre of the Sunlit Sky'')
*''Lumière de diamant'', de Dakpo Tashi Namgyal
*''Mémoires: La Vie et l’œuvre de Jamgön Kongtrul'', by Jamgön Kongtrul, new edition
*''Traité de la Continuité suprême du Grand Véhicule - Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra, avec le commentaire de Jamgön Kongtrul Lodreu Thayé L'Incontestable Rugissement du lion''. Plazac: Éditions Padmakara, 2019.
*''Les Systèmes Philosophiques Bouddhistes'', Éditions Padmakara, 2020.
'''Previously Published Translations:'''<br>
*''Kalachakra'', Dalai Lama
*''La Roue aux lames acérées'', Dharmarakshita, commentary by Geshé Tengyé
*''La Voie progressive vers l’éveil'', Jé Tsong Khapa ([http://tsadra-wp.tsadra.org/translators/christian-charrier/ Source: Tsadra.org]) +
I am an associate professor of philosophy in the Department of Philosophy at the College of Charleston. I work in the fields of philosophy of mind, Phenomenology, and cross-cultural philosophy, especially Indian and Buddhist philosophy in dialogue with Western philosophy and cognitive science. I have recently published a book, Perceiving Reality: Consciousness, Intentionality, and Cognition in Buddhist Philosophy (OUP, 2012) that develops a view of Buddhist epistemology, in the tradition of Dignaga and Dharmakirti, as continuous with the phenomenological methods and insights of Husserl and Merleau-Ponty, as well as with naturalistic approaches to epistenology and philosophy of mind. In 2012 I co-directed (with Jay Garfield and Evan Thompson) an NEH Summer Institute exploring the convergence of analytic, phenomenological, and Buddhist perspectives in the investigation of consciousness. I am currently completing a book manuscript on the intersections between perceptual and affective consciousness, tentatively entitled Sense, Self-Awareness, and Subjectivity.
Before joining the Philosophy Department at the College of Charleston, I taught in the Centre for Asian Societies and Histories at the Australian National University. I received my Ph.D. from the Australian National University in 2005; I also hold a B.A. and M.A. in philosophy from the University of Bucharest. While at ANU, I also worked on a proof of concept model for parsing Sanskrit based on the Interlingua System (the project was funded by an ARC grant). I have and continue to travel extensively for my research. I spent four and a half years in India in the mid 1990s pursuing studies in Sanskrit and Indian Philosophy. While in India, I was affiliated with several research institutes, including the Asiatic Society in Calcutta (1995-1996), the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute and De Nobili College in Pune (1993), and the Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies, Sarnath, Varanasi (1995-1997). I was a visiting scholar at Queens' College, Cambridge University in 2000, and at the Institut de Civilisation Indienne, Paris in 2001.
I grew up on the banks of the Danube in Galati, Romania. I now live in Charleston, and am married to my colleague, philosopher and author Sheridan Hough.
Christian Lindtner is Danish citizen, born in 1949. He received his PhD in Buddhist Studies in 1982 from the University of Copenhagen. He has published numerous books of translations from Oriental languages and edited many texts – mainly philosophical – for the first time from original manuscripts in Sanskrit and Tibetan (discovered in libraries in Tibet, Mongolia, and India). He has been a contributor to many learned journals (history of religions, philosophy, history, philology). He has taught and lectured at many universities in Europe, USA, and Asia. ([https://codoh.com/library/authors/lindtner-christian/ Adapted from Source Feb 26, 2021]) +
A specialist on medieval Daoism, Christine Mollier is the author of numerous works in that field including the award-winning book, ''Une apocalypse taoïste du Ve siècle, Le Livre des incantations divines des grottes abyssales'' (Collège de France, 1990). She has collaborated in ''The Taoist Canon project'' (Univ. of Chicago Press, 2004), and ''The Encyclopedia of Taoism'' (Routledge, 2008).
As a member, since 1990, of the French research team on Dunhuang studies, she is co-author of the fifth volume of the ''Catalogue des manuscrits chinois du fonds Pelliot de Dunhuang'' (1995) and participated in several other major Dunhuang projects. More recently she has focused her research on the domain of Buddho-Daoist interactions, dealing not only with texts but also with iconography. Her major works in this field are ''Buddhism and Taoism Face to Face: Scripture, Ritual, and Iconographic Exchange in Medieval China'' (Univ. of Hawaii Press, 2008, awarded the Stanislas Julien Prize of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres, 2008), and “Iconizing the Daoist-Buddhist Relationship: Cliff Sculptures in Sichuan during the Reign of Emperor Tang Xuanzong", (''Daoism: Religion, History and Society'' 2010-2 Chinese University of Hong Kong).
She is currently working on a book project on apotropaic talismans, investigating Eastern Han archeological finds and Dunhuang and Central Asian documents. ([https://www.crcao.fr/membre/christine-mollier/?lang=en Source Accessed June 20, 2023]) +
Christoph Cüppers studied Indology and Tibetology at the University of Hamburg following seven years at the University of Düsseldorfer Kunstakademie. From 1983 to 1988, he served as Deputy Director and Director at the Nepal-German Manuscript Preservation Project. Since 1995, he is Director of the Lumbini International Research Institute. In his research, he focuses on the history of 17th century Tibet, Tibetan law and the state administration, as well as on cultural exchanges between Tibetan and Nepal. (Source: ''Handbook of Tibetan Iconometry'') +
Beckwith has taught at IU for 45 years, in which time he has developed 48 distinct courses. He is one of the most prolific and versatile researchers in the field of Central Eurasian studies. Beckwith is renowned for revolutionary scholarship that reshapes understanding of how, why and when the Central Eurasian steppe peoples from Eastern Europe to East Asia influenced the development of knowledge, religious beliefs and societies, not only within their homeland but in the neighboring peripheral cultures of Europe, the Middle East, South Asia, and East Asia as well. His research focuses on the history of ancient and medieval Central Eurasia and the cultures of the peripheral peoples, as well as the linguistics of Aramaic, Chinese, Japanese, Koguryo, Old Tibetan, Scythian, Turkic, and other languages.
He has been named a MacArthur Fellow, a Guggenheim Fellow, a Fulbright-Hays Fellow, and a Japan Foundation fellow and has had numerous visiting appointments around the United States and the world. He has authored 12 books and over 60 articles. ([https://hls.indiana.edu/faculty/beckwith-christopher.html Source Accessed Feb 24, 2023]) +
Christopher Bell, PhD, is an associate professor of religious studies at Stetson University. He received his bachelor of arts degree in creative writing and religions and his master of arts degree in religious studies from Florida State University. He received his doctoral degree from the University of Virginia, where his area of concentration has been in Tibetan and Buddhist studies. He has experience as a teaching assistant and as an instructor at both Florida State University and at the University of Virginia, as well as experience for one year as a teaching associate at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology in Hong Kong. During his graduate program he was awarded a Fulbright Institute of International Education Graduate Fellowship for International Study and completed extensive multi-country field research in the Chinese cities of Xining, Chengdu, and Lhasa, Tibet, as well as in Dharamsala, India. He is a member of the Phi Beta Kappa honor society. ([https://www.stetson.edu/other/faculty/christopher-bell.php Source Accessed Oct. 31, 2023]) +
===Active Projects===
*Working as a consultant for the [http://www.dzongkha.gov.bt/ Dzongkha Development Commission]
*[http://www.thlib.org/ Tibetan & Himalayan Library - Sections on Tibetan Script]
*[http://sites.google.com/site/chrisfynn2/tibetanscriptfonts/jomolhari Jomolhari Font]
*[https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/free-tibetan/ Free Tibetan Fonts Project]
===Some Previous Projects===
*Worked as a consultant for the National Library of Bhutan
*Bhutan National Digital Library
*Oversaw the text input for a new edition of Padma Lingpa's zab gter chos mdzod for HE Gangteng Tulku's Padmasambhava Project.
:([https://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/Christopher_Fynn Source: Chris Fynn, RyWiki Entry])
===Other Links===
*[http://sites.google.com/site/chrisfynn2/home/tibetanscriptfonts Tibetan script info]
*[http://sites.google.com/site/chrisfynn2/ Web site]
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Cfynn Chris Fynn] at Wikimedia Commons +
Christopher “Doc” Kelley received a PhD in Religion from Columbia University where he studied Indo-Tibetan Buddhism with Robert A. F. Thurman. He is a scholar of Buddhism and an adjunct professor in religious studies at Eugene Lang College of Liberal Arts, The New School University. He is also the co-founder of Consciousness Hacking NYC, and a founder and co-facilitator of Psychedelic Sangha. ([https://menla.org/teachers/dr-christopher-kelley/ Source Accessed May 13, 2021]) +
Chris Jones completed doctoral research at the University of Oxford (St Peter’s College) in 2015, with a thesis that explored the language of selfhood (ātman) in relation to teachings about buddha-nature in Indian Buddhist literature. The thesis was awarded the Khyentse Foundation Award for outstanding doctoral research produced in Europe, and was the foundation for his first monograph – The Buddhist Self: On Tathāgatagarbha and Ātman. Jones spent three further years researching and teaching at Oxford as a Postdoctoral Fellow of the British Academy, and is now on a UK Arts and Humanities Research Project connected to the University of Cambridge, associated also with the University of Edinburgh. His continuing research concerns predominantly Mahāyāna Buddhist thought as preserved across Sanskrit, Chinese and Tibetan literature, as well as the boundaries and interactions between Buddhism and other religious traditions in India and elsewhere. (Personal Communication, September 2021]) +
The Chung Tai Translation Committee comprises of Dharma Masters and lay disciples and convenes regularly. To view or download other sutra translations by CTTC, visit “Dharma Gems” on http://sunnyvale.ctzen.org. See also the publisher, the [https://research.tsadra.org/index.php/Chung_Tai_Shan_Buddhist_Foundation Chung Tai Shan Buddhist Foundation]. +
Wrote an interlinear commentary on the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' titled ''Byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa la 'jug pa'i rnam par bshad pa dam pa'i zhal lung rmongs pa'i mun sel''. His commentary on chapter 9 has a separate title called ''Shes rab le'u'i brjed byang dam pa'i zhal lung rmongs pa'i mun sel''. +
Chogyam Trungpa (1940–1987)—meditation master, teacher, and artist—founded Naropa University in Boulder, Colorado, the first Buddhist-inspired university in North America; the Shambhala Training program; and an international association of meditation centers known as Shambhala International. He is the author of numerous books, including ''[https://www.shambhala.com/shambhala-the-sacred-path-of-the-warrior.html Shambhala: The Sacred Path of the Warrior]'', ''[https://www.shambhala.com/cutting-through-spiritual-materialism-458.html Cutting Through Spiritual Materialism]'', and ''[https://www.shambhala.com/the-myth-of-freedom-and-the-way-of-meditation-1073.html The Myth of Freedom]''. ([http://www.shambhala.com/authors/o-t/chogyam-trungpa.html?limit=90 Source Accessed March 20, 2019])
See also the [http://www.shambhala.org/teachers/chogyam-trungpa.php Shambhala biography online]. +
[https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=P541 TBRC] +
Chöje Lingpa, also known as Rokje Lingpa as well as several other names, was initially recognized as the rebirth of a Kagyu master by the Seventh Shamarpa and installed at Rechung Phuk, an institution named after Milarepa's disciple Rechungpa and the site where Tsangnyön Heruka wrote his famous biography of Milarepa. Though Chöje Lingpa he would become an important teacher to several important Kagyu hierarchs including the Karmapa and Shamarpa, he we also involved with several Nyingma masters, including the tertön Taksham Nuden Dorje who granted him prophecies and made him the steward of his treasures. He would become a prolific tertön in his own right and came to be considered the penultimate emanation of Gyalse Lhaje, prior to his rebirth as Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo. +
It is as of yet unclear who this figure is and there are several possibilities on BDRC, such as rdzong sngon blo gros chos kyi go cha ([http://purl.bdrc.io/resource/P7921 P7921]). His termas have also been published [http://purl.bdrc.io/resource/MW1KG6249 here] with authorship attributed to rdzong sngon pad+ma thugs mchog rdo rje ([http://purl.bdrc.io/resource/P7959 P7959]) +
Chokyi Nyima Rinpoche is a world-renowned teacher and meditation master in the Kagyu and Nyingma traditions of Tibetan Buddhism. He was born in Tibet in 1951 as the oldest son of his mother Kunsang Dechen, a devoted Buddhist practitioner, and his father Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, an accomplished master of Buddhist meditation. As a young child, Chokyi Nyima—"Sun of the Dharma"—was recognized as the 7th incarnation of the Tibetan meditation master Gar Drubchen.
In 1959, following the Chinese occupation of Tibet, Rinpoche's family fled to India where Rinpoche spent his youth studying under some of Tibetan Buddhism’s most illustrious masters, such as His Holiness the 16th Gyalwang Karmapa, Kyabje Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, His Holiness Dudjom Rinpoche, Khunu Lama Tenzin Gyaltsen, and his father, Kyabje Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche.
In 1974, Rinpoche left India to join his parents in Kathmandu, Nepal, where he assisted them in establishing Ka-Nying Shedrub Ling Monastery. Upon its completion in 1976, H.H. the Karmapa enthroned Chokyi Nyima Rinpoche as the monastery's abbot. To this day, Ka-Nying Shedrub Ling remains the heart of Rinpoche’s ever-growing mandala of activity. (Source: [https://shedrub.org/about-us/ Shedrub.org]) +
Chos kyi 'od zer (Nom-un gerel, Choiji Odser, or Čosgi Odsir) was a Uighur scholar of the Sakya order who translated the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' into Mongolian in 1305 (other sources say 1312, see Baumann, 2008) and wrote a commentary on the text, of which only a fragment remains. According to Liland's MA thesis (2009), he flourished between 1305–1321. According to Alexander Berzin, "The first Buddhist text translated from Tibetan into Mongolian was Shantideva's ''Engaging in Bodhisattva Behavior'' (''Byang-chub sems-dpa’i spyod-pa-la ‘jug-pa'', Skt. ''Bodhisattvacaryavatara''). It was prepared by the Uighur translator Chokyi Ozer (Chos-kyi ‘od-zer), during the reign of the Mongol Yuan Emperor Khaisan Külüg (Chin. Wuzong, Wu-tsung, 1308–1311). ([https://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/history-culture/transmission-of-buddhism/traditional-guidelines-for-translating-buddhist-texts See Berzin]). Vesna Wallace also notes that he was this first to translate the ''Four Medical Tantras'' from Tibetan to Mongolian. His student was Shes rab seng ge. +
Chün-fang Yü has long been interested in how Buddhism developed in China, and how conditions in China shaped various changes in Buddhism. She has explored these questions in works that range from the historical transformation of Guanyin (Kuan-yin) from male to female, to the work of women in Buddhism today. She was born in China and educated in Taiwan, graduating from Tunghai University with a major in English Literature and minor in Chinese philosophy. She received a MA degree from Smith College in English Literature and a Ph.D. in Religion from Columbia University, specializing in Chinese Buddhism. She taught at Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey from 1972 to 2004 when she returned to Columbia. She is the Sheng Yen Professor Emerita in Chinese Buddhist Studies, and a faculty member in both Religion and EALAC.
Her research interests are quite broad. Her early works deal with the history of Chinese Buddhist thought and institutions.Later she focused on Buddhist rituals and practices. Her first book, "The Renewal of Buddhism in China: Chu-hung and the Late Ming Synthesis (1981), is one of the earliest studies in English on post-Tang Buddhism. Other articles dealing with Chinese Buddhism in the late imperial period include: “Chung-feng Ming-pen and Ch’an Buddhism in the Yuan” (1982), “Ch’an Education in the Sung: Ideals and Procedures” (1989), and the Cambridge History of China’s “Buddhism in the Ming Dynasty” (1998). She is also interested in the interaction between religion, including Buddhism, and Chinese society. With Susan Naquin, she co-edited "Pilgrims and Sacred Sites in China" (1992). She is the editor of “In Search of the Dharma: Memoirs of a Modern Chinese Buddhist Pilgrim” ( 1992) and "The Ultimate Realm: Doctrines of Tienti Teachings, A New Religion" (1994) Her book "Kuan-yin: The Chinese Transformation of Avalokiteśvara" (2001) traces the patterns of the evolution of the cult of Guanyin through the various medias of transmission and promotion of the cult. More recently she studied the prominent roles of Buddhist nuns in Taiwan which resulted in the publication of “Passing of the Light: The Incense Light Community and Buddhist Nuns in Contemporary Taiwan” (2013).
Her current research interests reflect her continuing fascination with the transformation of Buddhism in China. She has begun a new project which is tentatively entitled “The Creation of a Buddhist Pantheon”; it studies the pairing of two bodhisattvas: Guanyin and Dizang, in iconography and temple architecture from the tenth century on. ([https://religion.columbia.edu/content/chun-fang-yu Source Accessed June 2, 2023])