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Hīnayāna + (The mainstream teachings and the early sch … The mainstream teachings and the early schools of Buddhism which primarily taught individual liberation through practice-focused renunciation and monasticism, considered lesser than the later movement of the Greater Vehicle (Mahāyāna), which professed enlightenment for all sentient beings and promoted compassion.l sentient beings and promoted compassion.)
Bodhiprasthānacitta + (The mind or mental attitude that actually works towards enlightenment by continuously engaging in the trainings that lead to its accomplishment.)
Bodhipraṇidhicitta + (The mind or mental attitude that aspires towards enlightenment.)
Rgyu'i rgyud + (The mind's natural mode that abides as suchness, which remains unchanged from the state of an ordinary being up until enlightenment.)
Viparyāsa + (The misperception or incorrect view a pers … The misperception or incorrect view a person has of reality, which must be overcome by having correct understanding and right view. The four well known incorrect views are seeing impermanent phenomena as permanent, dissatisfactory nature of things as blissful, impure things as pure, and illusory things as absolute and real. However, in the context of buddha-nature theory or other systems, there are also other forms of misconceptions which contradict with objective reality.s which contradict with objective reality.)
Svabhāva + (The nature or essence of a thing, which originates only from itself and is not dependent on any external entities, causes, or conditions.)
Amalavijñāna + (The ninth consciousness, the immaculate pure mind.)
Ekayāna + (The notion that ultimately there is only one vehicle, or means, of achieving enlightenment.)
Prakṛtisthagotra + (The potential for awakening that is inherently present in all beings.)
Paratantrasvabhāva + (The second of the three natures, according … The second of the three natures, according to the Yogācāra school. It is the dependent nature that is used to describe the relationship between mind and its objects, though there is a clear emphasis on the latter. Hence, this nature is concerned with the nature of seemingly external objects that arise in dependence upon causes and conditions. in dependence upon causes and conditions.)
Pāramitā + (The six or ten types of practices which le … The six or ten types of practices which lead an individual to Buddhahood. The practice of perfections is particularly important in Mahāyāna Buddhism in which the entire path of the Bodhisattva to reach full enlightenment is included in the six or ten perfections. The six perfections are that of giving, of discipline, patience, zeal, meditation, and wisdom. The perfection of skill-in-means, aspirations, power, and pristine wisdom are added to them to make ten perfections.are added to them to make ten perfections.)
Gzhan stong + (The state of being devoid of that which is … The state of being devoid of that which is wholly different rather than being void of its own nature. The term is generally used to refer to the ultimate, or buddha-nature, being empty of other phenomena such as adventitious defiling emotions but not empty of its true nature.emotions but not empty of its true nature.)
Śūnyatā + (The state of being empty of an innate nature due to a lack of independently existing characteristics.)
Rang stong + (The state of being empty of self, which references the lack of inherent existence in relative phenomena.)
Niḥsvabhāvatā + (The state of lacking a truly independent existence.)
Great Madhyamaka + (The term ''Great Madhyamaka'' is utilized … The term ''Great Madhyamaka'' is utilized in different contexts depending on the tradition. In the Jonang tradition, it generally refers to the Zhentong Madhyamaka philosophy as it was developed and systematized by Dölpopa. In this context, the Great Madhyamaka refers to the presentation of ultimate truth, while Madhyamaka describes the emptiness of the relative level of truth. In the Nyingma tradition, Great Madhyamaka refers to the subtle, inner Madhyamaka that unifies the philosophical positions of Nāgārjuna and Asaṅga. This is presented in opposition to the coarse, outer Madhyamaka that is the dialectic approach of Prāsaṅgika and Svātantrika. In the Kagyu tradition, the term is used in a similar vein in that Madhyamaka is used to refer to philosophical inquiry, while Great Madhyamaka is used to refer to the view arrived at through yogic accomplishment. However, in all of these traditions, Great Madhyamaka is heavily associated with buddha-nature (''tathāgatagarbha'') and the definitive status of these teachings. the definitive status of these teachings.)
Pariniṣpannasvabhāva + (The third of the three natures, according … The third of the three natures, according to the Yogācāra school. It is the perfect nature that represents the most authentic understanding of phenomena, which is classically defined as the complete absence of the imaginary nature within the dependent nature.ginary nature within the dependent nature.)
Trikāya + (The three enlightened forms of a buddha on … The three enlightened forms of a buddha one attains when one becomes fully enlightened. They include the truth body (''dharmakāya''), enjoyment body (''saṃbhogakāya''), and the emanation body (''nirmāṇakāya''). The three bodies comprise the many qualities and powers associated with buddhahood and thus are the result sought through Mahāyāna Buddhist practice.sought through Mahāyāna Buddhist practice.)
Dharmatā + (The true nature of phenomenal existence.)
'jog sgom + (This is the meditation of directly observing the mind without engaging in any analytical or intellectual activity. (Thrangu Rinpoche, ''Transcending Ego'', 102).)
Ātman + (Though it can simply be used as the expres … Though it can simply be used as the expression "I" or "me", in Indian thought the notion of self refers to a permanent, unchanging entity, such as that which passes from life to life in the case of people, or the innate essence (''svabhāva'') of phenomena.nnate essence (''svabhāva'') of phenomena.)
Atiyoga + (A system of esoteric thought and practice … A system of esoteric thought and practice associated with the Nyingma tradition and equivalent to Great Perfection, it is considered as the pinnacle of the nine vehicles or paths one can follow to reach Buddhahood. The system focusses on the pure, luminous and empty nature of the mind as the ground reality which must be realised through the path of trekchö and thögal practice.h the path of trekchö and thögal practice.)
Nirmāṇakāya + (An fully enlightened Buddha is said to hav … An fully enlightened Buddha is said to have the power to manifest in many forms in order to help the sentient beings. The emanation body of a buddha, as the third of the three bodies of a buddha, refers to the many forms in which a buddha can manifest and which are accessible to ordinary sentient beings. Buddhist scholars present four types of emanation bodies: emanation as supreme being, emanation as rebirth, emanation as artisan and emanation in diverse forms.as artisan and emanation in diverse forms.)
Tattva + (The reality or the objective state of thin … The reality or the objective state of things as they are. In the Buddhist context, it refers to the ultimate nature of things although what exactly suchness means would depend on the philosophical position of the specific schools. The Middle Way school, for instance, consider emptiness as the suchness of all things.r emptiness as the suchness of all things.)
Mahāyoga + (This is first one of the inner tantric sch … This is first one of the inner tantric schools according to the Nyingma tradition. Mahāyoga includes two sub-sections of the tantras which includes eighteen tantras and the sādhanās that includes the eight sādhanā practices. Mahāyoga focuses on the Development Stage and espouses the view of equality and purity in which equality refers to equal nature of phenomena in being empty and purity refers to all appearances being inherently enlightened energies. The Mahāyoga path leads to four stages of vidyadharas. path leads to four stages of vidyadharas.)

Actualized enlightenment + (Actualized enlightenment is enlightenment … Actualized enlightenment is enlightenment that is attained through practice. It is contrasted with original enlightenment, which is the mind's innate purity in its natural state. Ultimately, there is no difference between them. Because of the presence of ignorance, sentient beings are blind to their true nature. By removing that ignorance, one actualizes enlightenment.t ignorance, one actualizes enlightenment.)

Dharmakāya + ("Truth body" or "true being" — One of the three bodies of a buddha. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, it often refers to a kind of fundamental principle or the true nature of reality itself.)
Dpyad sgom + (''Analytical meditation'' is a technique involving critical analysis that focuses the mind on a specific contemplation, such as impermanence.)
Tha mal gyi shes pa + (A Mahāmudrā term for the basic state of consciousness that has not been fabricated or altered in any way.)
Ālayavijñāna + (A neutral base consciousness that is posited as the storehouse for the seeds of past karmic actions in which they remain in a latent state until the circumstances arise for them to ripen as karmic consequences.)
Arhat + (A person who has reached nirvāṇa by elimin … A person who has reached nirvāṇa by eliminating the three poisons of attachment, hatred and ignorance having followed the path of seeking individual liberation as a Śrāvaka or a Pratyekabuddha. An arhat, thus, is a person who has overcome the cause of rebirth in the cycle of existence and will not take an ordinary birth again.and will not take an ordinary birth again.)
Bodhisattva + (A person who seeks enlightenment for the s … A person who seeks enlightenment for the sake of others. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, a Bodhisattva is a compassionate being who is training on the path to Buddhahood and aspires to eliminate the suffering of all beings and take all sentient beings to the state of enlightenment. The Mahāyāna sūtras including those on buddha-nature generally have Bodhisattvas as the main audience or interlocutors for the Buddha's discourses.interlocutors for the Buddha's discourses.)
Original enlightenment + (According to East Asian Buddhism, the intr … According to East Asian Buddhism, the intrinsic enlightenment of all sentient beings. This is obscured by the many stains present in the ''ālayavijñāna''. When these are purified, the natural state of enlightenment is recovered, a status known as "actualized enlightenment."tatus known as "actualized enlightenment.")
Trisvabhāva + (According to the Yogācāra school, all phen … According to the Yogācāra school, all phenomena can be divided into three natures or characteristics: the imaginary nature (''parikalpitasvabhāva''), the dependent nature (''paratantrasvabhāva''), and the perfect or absolute nature (''pariniṣpannasvabhāva'').bsolute nature (''pariniṣpannasvabhāva'').)
Actualized enlightenment +
Kun gzhi + (Although it is commonly used as an abbrevi … Although it is commonly used as an abbreviation of ''ālayavijñāna'' (''kun gzhi'i rnam shes''), in later Tibetan traditions, particularly that of the Kagyu and the Nyingma, it came to denote an ultimate or pure basis of mind, as opposed to the ordinary, deluded consciousness represented by the ālayavijñāna. Alternatively, in the Jonang tradition, this pure version is referred to as ''ālaya-wisdom'' (''kun gzhi'i ye shes'').''ālaya-wisdom'' (''kun gzhi'i ye shes'').)
Bodhigarbha + (An alternative term for tathāgatagarbha fo … An alternative term for tathāgatagarbha found in early Nyingma sources. Though it is back-translated as ''bodhigarbha'', this term does not seem to be found in Sanskrit sources. However, in other contexts, the Tibetan ''byang chub snying po'' is often used to translate the Sanskrit term ''bodhimaṇḍa'', which is often translated as the "seat of enlightenment."translated as the "seat of enlightenment.")
Svasaṃvedana + (An important term for the Yogācāra that re … An important term for the Yogācāra that refers to a consciousness of consciousness itself, or how one knows that they know something. It was a hotly debated topic that was disputed by followers of the Madhyamaka. In Tibet it would later become a common Dzogchen term, though with the entirely different meaning of one's own innate awareness (''rig pa''), a crucial concept in the Dzogchen teachings.crucial concept in the Dzogchen teachings.)
Tathāgatagarbha + (Buddha-nature, literally the "womb/essence of those who have gone (to suchness).")
Sems nyid + (Commonly found in Dzogchen and Mahāmudrā literature, this term denotes the true, natural state of mind as it is. Often used in these traditions as a synonym for buddha-nature.)
Gotra + (Disposition, lineage, or class; an individual's ''gotra'' determines the type of enlightenment one is destined to attain.)
Dzogchen + (Dzogchen is an advanced system of meditation techniques to reveal the innate state of perfection primarily, but not exclusively, espoused by the Nyingma Buddhist tradition and the Tibetan Bön tradition.)
Bodhi + (Enlightenment or awakening. In Tibetan it … Enlightenment or awakening. In Tibetan it is translated as "purified" (''byang'') and "perfected" (''chub''), which corresponds to Siddhartha Gautama's achievement of purifying all obscurations and perfecting or attaining all qualities associated with a buddha.ng all qualities associated with a buddha.)
Ngo bo + (Essence or the most basic, fundamental nature or natural state of being. It is often used as a synonym for ''rang bzhin''.)
Prabhāsvaratā + (In a general sense, that which clears away … In a general sense, that which clears away darkness, though it often appears in Buddhist literature in reference to the mind or its nature. It is a particularly salient feature of Tantric literature, especially in regard to the advanced meditation techniques of the completion-stage yogas. techniques of the completion-stage yogas.)
Guṇapāramitā + (In the ''Śrīmālādevī Siṃhanāda Sūtra'' it is explained that the dharmakāya of a buddha possesses the four perfect qualities of purity, bliss, permanence, and self.)
Prātimokṣasaṃvara + (In the Mūlasarvāstivāda vinaya that was pr … In the Mūlasarvāstivāda vinaya that was preserved in Tibet, this refers to a set of seven types of vows of individual liberation that constitute formal ordination according to the precepts of the vinaya, or disciplinary code, of the fundamental vehicle. This set of seven is divided by gender and includes the vows for fully ordained monastics, novice monastics, and lay people, as well as specifc vows for novice nuns actively training for full ordination. Sometimes included as an eighth type of vow are the single day lay vows associated with the practice of ''sojong'', "mending and purification" (''gso sbyong''), which is observed twice a month.byong''), which is observed twice a month.)
Lam rim + (Lam rim refers to the stages on the path a … Lam rim refers to the stages on the path and, by extension, more commonly to the genre of teachings which contain practical instructions for training on the stages of the path to enlightenment. Related to the blo sbyong practice, it is particularly known among the Kadampa and Geluk schools. Tsongkhapa's Byang chub lam rim chen mo is the most well known in this genre and the term lam rim is often used specifically to refer to this text.n used specifically to refer to this text.)
Avidyā + (Literally "unknowing," it refers to a lack of knowledge or misunderstanding of the nature of reality. As such, it is considered to be the root cause of suffering and the basis for the arising of all other negative mental factors.)
Icchantika + (Literally, "those with great desire," icchantikas could be rendered as hedonists or addicts. However, the term is generally used to refer to those who, due to their insatiable desire, are incapable of enlightenment.)
Āvaraṇa + (Literally, that which obscures or conceals … Literally, that which obscures or conceals. Often listed as a set of two obscurations (''sgrib gnyis''): the afflictive emotional obscurations (Skt. ''kleśāvaraṇa'', Tib. ''nyon mongs pa'i sgrib pa'') and the cognitive obscurations (Skt. ''jñeyāvaraṇa'', Tib. ''shes bya'i sgrib pa''). By removing the first, one becomes free of suffering, and by removing the second, one becomes omniscient.moving the second, one becomes omniscient.)