Property:EncodedGlossary-Senses
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A
The+term+has+the+sense+of+making+knowledge+and+meaning+manifest+through+intelligent+analysis+and+systematic+presentation. +
Enlightenment+attained+through+practice. +
Often+used+to+reference+the+ultimate+truth%2C+which+is+beyond+dualistic+conceptions+such+as+subject+and+object+and+so+forth. +
According+to+East+Asian+Yog%C4%81c%C4%81ra%2C+the+absolute+purity+of+mind+of+a+buddha.+While+the+Sanskrit+term+appears+in+Vasubandhu%27s+%27%27Abidharmako%C5%9Ba%27%27+and+the+accompanying+%27%27Bha%E1%B9%A3ya%27%27%2C+the+term+as+it+is+used+in+the+sense+of+pure+consciousness+was+first+used+in+Chinese+by+Param%C4%81rtha+and+then+expanded+and+changed+by+later+Chinese+Yog%C4%81c%C4%81ra+writers.+While+Param%C4%81rtha+associated+it+with+thusness+and+used+it+to+refer+to+a+catalyst+for+enlightenment%2C+it+has+come+to+refer+to+a+ninth+consciousness+which+only+appears+when+the+%C4%81layavij%C3%B1%C4%81na%2C+the+eighth+consciousness%2C+ceases.+As+such%2C+it+is+pure%2C+luminous%2C+and+permanent.+Some+writers%2C+however%2C+have+equated+it+to+the+pure+aspect+of+the+%C4%81layavij%C3%B1%C4%81na%2C+as+well+as+with+prak%E1%B9%9Btiprabh%C4%81svaracitta+%28the+absolute+purity+of+mind%29%2C+tath%C4%81gatagarbha%2C+and+even+emptiness. +
Anuyoga+is+generally+associated+with+lung+%28%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%29+or+doctrinal+teachings%2C+wisdom+aspect+of+the+path+and+female+tantras. +
A+key+feature+of+the+Buddha%27s+teachings+that+stood+in+direct+contrast+to+the+mainstream+Indian+religious-philosophical+notion+of+an+eternal+self%2C+or+%C4%81tman. +
The+term+arhat+refers+to+someone+worthy+of+veneration+as+well+as+someone+who+has+overcome+the+enemies.+The+Tibetan+translation+has+the+latter+meaning+as+arhats+are+said+to+have+defeated+the+foes+of+defiling+emotions. +
Atiyoga+is+considered+to+be+the+highest+yoga+or+path+which+can+help+attain+Buddhahood+very+swiftly+and+easily+by+simply+realising+that+all+phenomena+are+expressions+of+the+primordial+wisdom. +
This+term+can+have+different+meanings+and+connotations+depending+on+the+context.+Especially+among+Tibetan+traditions+such+as+the+Nyingma%2C+in+which+%27%27rig+pa%27%27%2C+usually+translated+as+awareness%2C+became+a+key+concept%2C+its+opposite%2C+%27%27ma+rig+pa%27%27%2C+references+the+state+in+which+that+awareness+is+not+recognized.+In+this+context%2C+%27%27ma+rig+pa%27%27+should+likely+be+treated+as+an+indigenous+Tibetan+term+rather+than+a+direct+translation+of+the+Sanskrit+term+%27%27avidy%C4%81%27%27. +
B
Generally+associated+with+bodhisattvas%2C+these+are+major+stages+arrived+at+over+the+course+of+lifetimes+of+ongoing+spiritual+practice+and+development. +
As+this+is+the+desire+to+achieve+and+help+achieve+the+state+of+enlightenment+for+all+sentient+beings%2C+it+is+called+the+thought+or+mind+of+awakening+or+enlightenment. +
Buddha-nature+in+its+ultimate+sense+as+the+primordially+existing+essence+of+buddhahood+present+in+all+beings.+It+is+treated+as+a+Tantric%2FDzogchen+equivalent+of+the+more+S%C5%ABtra-based+terms+%27%27tath%C4%81gatagarbha%27%27+and+%27%27sugatagarbha%27%27. +
The+practical+application+or+fulfillment+of+the+altruistic+wish+to+attain+enlightenment+for+the+sake+of+all+sentient+beings. +
The+altruistic+wish+to+attain+enlightenment+for+the+sake+of+all+sentient+beings. +
The+term+Bodhisattva+rendered+into+Tibetan+as+%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%A0%E0%BC%8B+%28wyl.+byang+chub+sems+dpa%27%29+has+the+sense+of+heroic+beings+who+have+developed+the+thought+of+enlightenment+or+awakening.+Thus%2C+a+Bodhisattva+is+defined+as+a+person+who+has+given+rise+to+Bodhicitta+or+the+thought+of+enlightenment. +
It+has+the+sense+of+being+pure+and+expansive+as+the+universal+principle.+It+is+the+source+from+which+all+things+emanate%2C+and+to+which+they+return. +
This+is+most+likely+the+direct+source+of+the+English+term+%27%27buddha-nature%27%27+via+its+translation+into+Chinese+and+Japanese.+These+traditions+tended+to+treat+the+Sanskrit+terms+%27%27dh%C4%81tu%27%27%2C+%27%27gotra%27%27%2C+and+%27%27garbha%27%27+as+synonyms+when+compounded+with+the+term+%27%27buddha%27%27%2C+though+the+translation+of+%27%27buddhadh%C4%81tu%27%27+seems+to+have+been+adopted+as+the+standard+technical+term+to+reference+the+buddha-nature+doctrine%2C+as+it+could+cover+a+wider+range+of+possible+meanings.+In+other+words%2C+the+term+%27%27dh%C4%81tu%27%27+could+more+easily+reference+both+the+causal+aspect+of+this+nature%2C+commonly+associated+with+the+term+%27%27gotra%27%27%2C+and+the+fruition+aspect+of+this+nature%2C+commonly+associated+with+the+term+%27%27garbha%27%27. +
The+list+of+five+is%3A+%27%27Ornament+of+Clear+Realization+%28Abhisamay%C4%81la%E1%B9%83k%C4%81ra%2C+mngon+rtogs+rgyan%29%3B+Ornament+for+the+Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na+S%C5%ABtras+%28Mah%C4%81y%C4%81nas%C5%ABtr%C4%81la%E1%B9%83k%C4%81ra%2C+theg+pa+chen+po+mdo+sde+rgyan%29%3B+Differentiation+of+the+Middle+and+the+Extremes+%28Madhy%C4%81ntavibh%C4%81ga%2C+dbus+mtha%27+rnam+%27byed%29%3B+Differentiation+of+Phenomena+and+Their+Nature+%28Dharmadharmat%C4%81vibh%C4%81ga%2C+chos+dang+chos+nyid+rnam+%27byed%29%27%27%3B+and+%27%27The+Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na+Treatise+of+the+Highest+Continuum+%28Ratnagotravibh%C4%81ga+Mah%C4%81y%C4%81nottaratantra%C5%9B%C4%81stra%2C+theg+pa+chen+po+rgyud+bla+ma%27i+bstan+bcos%29%27%27. +
This+term+can+be+used+in+a+variety+of+contexts%2C+though+one+of+the+more+common+usages+is+related+to+the+Buddhist+notion+of+karma%2C+cause+and+effect.+In+this+sense%2C+b%C4%ABja+are+the+seeds+of+karmic+actions%2C+which+have+the+potential+to+ripen+into+karmic+consequences. +
C
It+is+a+philosophical+position+that+places+mentation+at+the+forefront+of+our+experience+of+the+world%2C+rather+than+the+seemingly+real+objects+that+consciousness+perceives.+It+can+also+be+used+to+refer+to+a+Buddhist+school%2C+a+genre+of+texts%2C+or+as+a+section+of+the+Tibetan+Buddhist+canon.+For+instance%2C+the+%27%27Gy%C3%BC+Lama%27%27+is+in+the+%27%27sems+tsam%27%27+section+of+the+Tibetan+canon. +
D
The+ultimate+source+of+phenomenal+appearances%2C+or+the+basic+nature+which+allows+for+phenomena+to+arise+in+all+their+multiplicity.+It+is+often+treated+as+a+synonym+for+emptiness+and+the+ultimate+truth. +
Although+this+term+is+sometimes+rendered+into+English+as+%E2%80%9Ctruth+body%2C%E2%80%9D+dharmak%C4%81ya+seems+to+have+originally+been+meant+to+refer+to+the+entire+corpus+%28%27%27k%C4%81ya%27%27%29+of+the+Buddha%E2%80%99s+transcendent+qualities+%28%27%27dharma%27%27%29.+%28%27%27The+Princeton+Dictionary+of+Buddhism%27%27%2C+p.+242%29 +
A+term+that+has+numerous+meanings+depending+on+the+context%2C+including+physical+realms+or+regions%2C+the+%28five%29+elements%2C+as+well+as+aspects+of+the+sense+organs%2C+bases%2C+and+fields.+In+terms+of+buddha-nature+theory%2C+it+is+often+treated+as+synonymous+with+terms+like+%27%27gotra%27%27+and+%27%27garbha%27%27+or+even+as+equivalents+of+buddha-nature+itself%2C+such+as+%27%27sugatagarbha%27%27. +
The+practical+approach+to+gaining+incontrovertible+conceptual+certainty+is+called+analytical+meditation+or+superior+insight.+%28%5B%5BBrunnh%C3%B6lzl%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BThe+Center+of+the+Sunlit+Sky%5D%5D%27%27%2C+29%29%0A%0A%22Another+division+of+meditation+is+into+%E2%80%9Cthe+analytical+meditation+of+scholars%E2%80%9D+and+%E2%80%9Cthe+resting+meditation+of+mendicants%2C%E2%80%9D+or+simply+analytical+meditation+and+resting+meditation.+The+analytical+meditation+of+scholars+refers+to+the+intellectual+examination+of+all+phenomena+through+reasoning.+There+are+two+key+terms+here%3A+%E2%80%9Cdiscriminating+knowledge%E2%80%9D+and+%E2%80%9Cpersonally+experienced+wisdom.%E2%80%9D+The+first+step+in+this+analytical+meditation+is+to+cultivate+discriminating+knowledge.+This+refers+to+all+the+levels+of+increasingly+refined+inferential+valid+cognition+that+are+based+on+reasoning+and+developed+through+studying%2C+reflecting%2C+and+meditating.%22+%28%5B%5BBrunnh%C3%B6lzl%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BThe+Center+of+the+Sunlit+Sky%5D%5D%27%27%2C+279%29%0A%0A%22The+general+scope+of+analytical+meditation+encompasses+all+of+the+teachings+of+the+Buddha%2C+starting+from+contemplating+impermanence+and+the+preciousness+of+human+existence+up+through+ascertaining+the+two+kinds+of+identitylessness.+Resting+meditation+includes+all+types+of+meditations+in+which+the+conclusions+achieved+through+preceding+investigation+become+absorbed+by+the+mind.%22+%28%5B%5BBrunnh%C3%B6lzl%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BThe+Center+of+the+Sunlit+Sky%5D%5D%27%27%2C+281%29 +
Dzogchen%2C+or+Great+Perfection%2C+refers+more+specifically+to+the+nature+of+awareness%2C+which+is+the+innate+state+of+perfect+enlightenment+latent+in+the+mind.+More+broadly%2C+it+refers+to+the+associated+system+of+teachings%2C+theories%2C+and+practices. +
E
G
%27%27Gotra%27%27+is+used+in+Buddhist+literature+in+a+wide+variety+of+ways.+In+Yog%C4%81c%C4%81ra+it+is+used+in+the+sense+of+family%2C+lineage%2C+or+type+to+classify+beings+according+to+their+innate+capacity+for+progress+on+the+path+to+enlightenment. +
H
The+term+was+used+mainly+by+the+proponents+of+the+Greater+Vehicle%2C+who+considered+the+goals%2C+understanding%2C+practices%2C+methods%2C+and+results+of+this+school+as+being+lesser+in+scope. +
I
Individuals+who+are+so+consumed+by+their+desires+or+by+a+particular+lifestyle+that+they+would+never+even+consider+the+need+for+self-improvement.+Therefore%2C+they+have+no+interest+in+following+any+spiritual+path%2C+let+alone+the+path+to+liberation. +
K
All+things+in+Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na+and+Vajray%C4%81na+Buddhism+are+said+to+be+primordially+empty+and+thus+pure+and+free+from+extremes+and+defilements.+More+specifically%2C+primordial+purity+refers+to+the+nature+of+consciousness+or+buddha-nature%2C+which+is+empty+by+nature+but+endowed+with+spontaneous+luminosity.+Primordial+purity+is+the+empty+aspect+of+the+buddha-nature+which+is+primordially+present+in+all+beings. +
The+Marpa+Kagyu+%28%27%27mar+pa+bka%E2%80%99+brgyud%27%27%29+tradition+originated+in+the+eleventh+century+with+the+Tibetan+translator+Marpa+Chokyi+Lodro%2C+who+studied+in+India+with+N%C4%81ropa.+Marpa%E2%80%99s+disciple+Milarepa+famously+attained+enlightenment+in+the+caves+of+southern+Tibet+after+renouncing+a+life+of+violent+revenge%3B+his+disciple+Gampopa+merged+the+lay+siddha+practice+of+his+master+with+the+Kadampa+monasticism+and+scholarship+that+he+had+previously+studied.+Gampopa+founded+the+first+Kagyu+monastery%2C+Daklha+Gampo%2C+in+southern+Tibet.+Following+Gampopa+the+tradition+split+into+multiple+autonomous+subsects+known+as+the+four+primary+%28Barom%2C+Pakdru%2C+Karma%2C+and+Tselpa%29%2C+and+eight+secondary+traditions+%28Drigung%2C+Drukpa%2C+Martsang%2C+Shukseb%2C+Taklung%2C+Tropu%2C+Yabzang%2C+and+Yelpa+Kagyu%29.+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Ftreasuryoflives.org%2Ftradition%2FMarpa-Kagyu+Read+more+at+Treasury+of+Lives%5D +
A+highly+influential+and+important+Tantric+corpus+throughout+Tibetan+Buddhism%2C+especially+for+the+Sakya%2C+Geluk%2C+and+Jonang+traditions. +
L
Lam+rim+has+the+sense+of+gradual+or+graded+practice+starting+from+basic+techniques+to+cultivate+the+thoughts+of+renunciation%2C+compassion+and+loving+kindness%2C+etc.+to+insight+into+ultimate+emptiness. +
M
It+has+a+sense+of+being+the+binding+force+and+refers+to+the+reality+of+all+things.+Just+as+a+seal+makes+a+document+binding%2C+reality+binds+all+things%2C+including+our+understanding+of+the+true+nature+of+things.+It+also+refers+to+a+symbolic+gesture. +
Mah%C4%81yoga+is+great+or+supreme+with+respect+to+outer+tantras+and+focuses+on+the+skill-in-means%2C+thus+mainly+refers+to+what+are+known+as+male+tantras. +
It+is+known+as+the+Great+Vehicle+in+comparison+to+the+earlier+schools+of+Buddhism+which+aimed+only+to+reach+individual+liberation.+Thus%2C+this+system+claims+to+be+superior+to+the+early+Buddhist+schools+in+terms+of+the+philosophical+understanding+of+reality+and+the+moral+scope+of+rescuing+all+sentient+beings. +
N
According+to+Ives+Waldo%2C+it+is+similar+to+%27%27rang+bzhin%27%27%2C+but+when+referring+to+%27%27sugatagarbha%27%27%2C+%27%27ngo+bo%27%27+refers+to+the+emptiness+part%2C+whereas+%27%27rang+bzhin%27%27+refers+to+the+luminosity+or+clarity+part. +
Also+known+as+the+analytic+tradition+%28%27%27thos+bsam+gyi+lugs%27%27%29%2C+literally%2C+%22the+tradition+of+hearing+and+contemplating%2C%22+this+form+of+exegesis+explicated+the+%27%27Uttaratantra%27%27+through+philosophical+reasoning+and+debate+and+thus+entailed+a+primarily+scholastic+approach+to+the+treatise.+However%2C+both+the+Ngok+Tradition+and+its+opposing+counterpart%2C+the+Tsen+Tradition%2C+reportedly+came+from+a+single+source%2C+the+Kashmiri+scholar-yogi+Sajjana. +
Emanation+body+is+considered+as+an+apparitional+form+and+thus+not+the+actual+physical+form+of+a+buddha+but+one+projected+for+the+purpose+of+helping+sentient+beings.+This+concept+became+later+conflated+with+the+Tibetan+culture+of+religious+incarnation+and+many+lamas+who+are+considered+to+be+rebirths+of+earlier+ones+are+also+referred+to+as+trulku. +
The+selflessness+of+phenomena. +
Since+phenomena+are+dependent+on+causes+and+conditions%2C+their+mode+of+being+is+generally+characterized+as+an+absence+of+self-nature+or+personally+distinct+essence. +
That+which+is+unadulterated+by+the+complexities+or+artifice+of+thought+patterns. +
The+unadulterated+truth%2C+in+the+sense+of+something+that+is+taught+explicitly+without+any+underlying+intention+or+need+for+further+interpretation. +
O
The+natural+state+of+enlightenment+that+is+obscured+by+the+adventitious+stains. +
P
Reality+as+it+appears+to+an+enlightened+being%2C+in+which+all+phenomena+are+perceived+to+be+empty+of+an+individual%2C+permanent+essence.+This+is+contrasted+to+the+%22relative+truth%22+as+experienced+by+unenlightened+beings. +
The+relatively+dependent+nature+of+phenomena+and+the+consciousness+that+perceives+them. +
The+artificial+and+mistaken+perception+of+phenomena+as+being+something+which+they+are+not. +
Of+the+three+natures%2C+this+one+is+representative+of+the+ultimate+truth. +
This+is+the+type+of+negation+most+commonly+used+by+proponents+of+other-emptiness.+For+instance%2C+by+denying+the+existence+of+adventitious+stains%2C+they+imply+the+presence+of+enlightened+qualities. +