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David Snellgrove + (David Llewellyn Snellgrove (29 June 1920 – … David Llewellyn Snellgrove (29 June 1920 – 25 March 2016) was a British Tibetologist noted for his pioneering work on Buddhism in Tibet as well as his many travelogues. Snellgrove was born in Portsmouth, Hampshire, and educated at Christ's Hospital near Horsham in West Sussex. He went on to study German and French at Southampton University. In 1941 he was called up to do his military service as a member of the Royal Engineers. He attended the Officers Cadet Training Unit in the Scottish seaside town of Dunbar, and was commissioned as an infantry officer. Thereafter he attended various intelligence courses and further training at the War Office in London, from where he requested a posting to India.Snellgrove arrived in Bombay in June 1943, and travelled cross-country to Calcutta. He was stationed at Barrackpore, some way up the Hooghly River. A few months after beginning his posting he contracted malaria and was sent to the military hospital at Lebong, just north of Darjeeling. It was while he was at Lebong that he began his future life's calling by purchasing some books about Tibet by Charles Bell as well as a Tibetan Grammar and Reader.Snellgrove returned to Darjeeling, from where he sometimes went on leave to Kalimpong. On one of these visits he took a young Tibetan into his personal employ in order to have someone with whom to practice speaking Tibetan. He also travelled in the small Himalayan state of Sikkim, and on one such visit he met Sir Basil Gould, who was then the British Representative for Tibet.[2] Inspired to work in Tibet, in 1946 after he left the Army he sat the entrance exams for the Indian Civil Service. This was the first time the exams had been held since the start of the war, and the last time they were ever held. Although he passed the exams, he was not able to take up an appointment in India. Having already begun to study Tibetan, he resolved to find a university where he could further his studies. However, as no university offered courses in Tibetan at that time he was convinced by Sir Harold Bailey that a sound knowledge of Sanskrit and Pali would be beneficial, so he gained entry to Queens' College, Cambridge in October 1946. While at Cambridge, he converted to Roman Catholicism, in part through the influence of his friend Bede Griffiths.In 1950, after having completed his studies at Cambridge, he was invited to teach a course in elementary Tibetan at the School of Oriental and African Studies University of London.[3] He was Professor of Tibetan at SOAS until his retirement in 1982.Snellgrove's research subsequent to his retirement was focused increasingly upon the art history of South East Asia. He died on 25 March 2016 in Pinerolo, Italy. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Snellgrove Source Accessed Feb 14, 2020])_Snellgrove Source Accessed Feb 14, 2020]))
David Michie + (David Michie is the internationally best-s … David Michie is the internationally best-selling author of ''The Dalai Lama's Cat'' series of novels, as well as non-fiction titles including ''Why Mindfulness is Better than Chocolate'', ''Hurry Up and Meditate'', ''Buddhism for Busy People'' and ''Buddhism for Pet Lovers''. His books are available in 26 languages in over 40 different countries.David is a keynote speaker, corporate trainer and coach on mindfulness and meditation. He has extensive experience presenting to a wide variety of different audiences around the world.In 2015 he established Mindful Safaris, leading groups to Africa – where he was born and brought up – encouraging people to visit unexplored places, outer and inner, through a combination of daily game viewing trips and mindfulness sessions.David’s blog on mindfulness and related subjects at www.davidmichie.com attracts a global audience of thousands of visitors each week. ([https://davidmichie.com/about-david-michie/ Source Accessed Apr 6, 2021])avid-michie/ Source Accessed Apr 6, 2021]))
David Molk + (David Molk studied Tibetan language at Venerable Geshe Rabten's Institute for Higher Tibetan Studies in Mont-Pelerin, Switzerland. Since 1987 he has interpreted and translated for many Tibetan lamas. He lives in Big Sur, California.)
David Need + (David Need is Lecturing Fellow of Religion … David Need is Lecturing Fellow of Religion at Duke University. He has taught at Duke since 1999, primarily in Religious Studies. He developed the ICS gateway class and taught it from 2005–2012. His academic expertise is in Asian Religions and in Literature and Religion, with a focus on poetics, ritual, and meditation systems.In addition to scholarly articles, he has published three books — two are translations and essays on Rainer Maria Rilke, the third is a selection of his own poetry, including a long poem set alongside the Gospel of Mark.===Current Research Interests===* Poetry of Rainer Maria Rilke* Non-dual awareness and poetics* Influence of Buddhism on 20th Century American Poetry* Women's Religious Experience & Poeticsy * Women's Religious Experience & Poetics)
David Jackson + (David P. Jackson made many important contr … David P. Jackson made many important contributions to the field of Tibetan studies and Tibetan art before he passed away in 2025. He received his doctorate in 1985 from the University of Washington and studied and translated for many years in Seattle for the polymath Tibetan scholar Dezhung Rinpoche. Until 2007, he was a professor of Tibetan Studies at Hamburg University in Germany, and after that was a curator for the Rubin Museum of Art, New York. He is the author of numerous articles and books on Tibetan art, literature, and history, including ''A Saint in Seattle'' (2003), ''Tibetan Thangka Painting'' (1984), ''The Mollas of Mustang (1984)'', ''A History of Tibetan Painting'' (1996), ''Enlightenment by a Single Means'' (1994), and the “Masterworks of Tibetan Painting” series (2009–2016), written for the Rubin Museum. He also translated ''A Concise History of the Glorious Sakyapa School'' (2022).y of the Glorious Sakyapa School'' (2022).)
David Patt + (David Patt received his PhD in Buddhist St … David Patt received his PhD in Buddhist Studies from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and is the author of ''A Strange Liberation: Tibetan Lives in Chinese Hands''. He recently served as executive director of the Dzogchen Foundation. (Source: [https://wisdomexperience.org/content-author/david-patt/ Wisdom Experience])ent-author/david-patt/ Wisdom Experience]))
David R. Brockman + (David R. Brockman, Ph.D., is a nonresident … David R. Brockman, Ph.D., is a nonresident scholar for the Baker Institute’s Religion and Public Policy Program. He is also an adjunct professor at both Texas Christian University and Southern Methodist University, where he teaches various courses in religion and religious studies.From 2010 to 2012, Brockman served as the project director for the World Conference of Associations of Theological Institutions. He is the author several books, including “Dialectical Democracy through Christian Thought: Individualism, Relationalism, and American Politics” (Palgrave-Macmillan, 2013) and “No Longer the Same: Religious Others and the Liberation of Christian Theology” (Palgrave-Macmillan, 2011). His forthcoming publication, “Educating For Pluralism, or Against It? Lessons from Texas and Quebec on Teaching Religion in Public Schools,” will appear in Religion & Education.Brockman holds a Ph.D. in religious studies from Southern Methodist University. He received a Master of Theological Studies degree from the Brite Divinity School at Texas Christian University and his bachelor’s degree in English and education from the University of Texas at Arlington. ([https://www.bakerinstitute.org/experts/david-r-brockman/ Source Accessed Nov 25, 2019])vid-r-brockman/ Source Accessed Nov 25, 2019]))
David Loy + (David Robert Loy is a professor, writer, a … David Robert Loy is a professor, writer, and Zen teacher in the Sanbo Zen tradition of Japanese Zen Buddhism.He is a prolific author, whose essays and books have been translated into many languages. His articles appear regularly in the pages of major journals such as ''Tikkun'' and Buddhist magazines including ''Tricycle'', ''Lion's Roar'', and ''Buddhadharma'', as well as in a variety of scholarly journals. Many of his writings, as well as audio and video talks and interviews, are available on the web. He is on the advisory boards of Buddhist Global Relief, the Clear View Project, Zen Peacemakers, and the Ernest Becker Foundation.David lectures nationally and internationally on various topics, focusing primarily on the encounter between Buddhism and modernity: what each can learn from the other. He is especially concerned about social and ecological issues. A popular recent lecture is "Healing Ecology: A Buddhist Perspective on the Eco-crisis", which argues that there is an important parallel between what Buddhism says about our personal predicament and our collective predicament today in relation to the rest of the biosphere. You can hear David's podcast interview with Wisdom Publications here. Presently he is offering workshops on "Transforming Self, Transforming Society" and on ''Ecodharma: Buddhist Teachings for the Precipice'', which is also the title of a new book forthcoming in early 2019. He also leads meditation retreats.Loy is a professor of Buddhist and comparative philosophy. His BA is from Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota, and he studied analytic philosophy at King’s College, University of London. His MA is from the University of Hawaii in Honolulu and his PhD is from the National University of Singapore. His dissertation was published by Yale University Press as ''Nonduality: A Study in Comparative Philosophy''. He was senior tutor in the Philosophy Department of Singapore University (later the National University of Singapore) from 1978 to 1984. From 1990 until 2005, he was professor in the Faculty of International Studies, Bunkyo University, Chigasaki, Japan. In January 2006, he became the Besl Family Chair Professor of Ethics/Religion and Society with Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio, a visiting position that ended in September 2010. In April 2007, David Loy was visiting scholar at the University of Cape Town, South Africa. From January to August 2009 he was a research scholar with the Institute for Advanced Study, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. From September through December 2010 he was in residence at Naropa University in Boulder, Colorado, with a Lenz Fellowship. In November 2014, David was a visiting professor at Radboud University in the Netherlands. In January through April 2016, David was visiting Numata professor of Buddhism at the University of Calgary. ([https://www.davidloy.org/ Source Accessed Sep 17, 2021])vidloy.org/ Source Accessed Sep 17, 2021]))
David Ross Komito + (David Ross Komito is a professor of Asian … David Ross Komito is a professor of Asian Philosophy and author on the subjects of Mādhyamaka Buddhist philosophy, meditation and the psychology of religion.Komito received his B.A. in psychology from the University of California, Los Angeles, his M.A. in Religious Studies, M.S. in Counseling and Ph.D. in Tibetan Studies from Indiana University, Bloomington. From 1986 through 1990 he was Dean of John F. Kennedy University's Graduate School for the Study of Human Consciousness. Since 1987 has lectured at San Francisco Zen Center, Finding the Path to Liberation Buddhist Center and other Buddhist centers in the Western USA. After teaching at John F. Kennedy University and the University of San Francisco, he created the Religious Studies Program at Eastern Oregon University. Since retiring from Eastern Oregon University he has been teaching part-time in the Philosophy Department of Portland State University, Oregon.He is married to the thanka artist Kayla Komito and lives in Santa Fe, New Mexico. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Komito Source Accessed Mar 7, 2025])David_Komito Source Accessed Mar 7, 2025]))
D. R. Shackleton Bailey + (David Roy Shackleton Bailey FBA (10 Decemb … David Roy Shackleton Bailey FBA (10 December 1917 – 28 November 2005) was a British scholar of Latin literature (particularly in the field of textual criticism) who spent his academic life teaching at the University of Cambridge, the University of Michigan, and Harvard. He is best known for his work on Horace (editing his complete works for the Teubner series), and Cicero, especially his commentaries and translations of Cicero's letters. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._R._Shackleton_Bailey Source Accessed Aug 15, 2023])eton_Bailey Source Accessed Aug 15, 2023]))
David Tuffley + (David Tuffley is a Senior Lecturer in Appl … David Tuffley is a Senior Lecturer in Applied Ethics & Socio-Technical Studies at Griffith University in Australia. David writes on a broad range of interests; from Anthropology, Psychology, Ancient and Modern History, Linguistics, Rhetoric, Comparative Religions, Philosophy, Architectural History, Environments and Ecosystems.tectural History, Environments and Ecosystems.)
David W. Chappell + (David Wellington Chappell (1940–2004) was … David Wellington Chappell (1940–2004) was a professor of Buddhist studies whose specialties were Chinese Buddhist traditions (esp. Tiantai) and interreligious dialogue. After receiving a B.A. from Mount Allison University and a B.D. from McGill University, he completed a Ph.D. in the history of religions at Yale University. His subsequent teaching career included three decades as a professor of religion at the University of Hawaii, where he founded the journal Buddhist-Christian Studies in 1981, edited it through 1985, then helped found the Society for Buddhist-Christian Studies in 1987. His publications include Buddhist and Taoist Practice in Medieval Chinese Society, T'ien-t'ai Buddhism: An Outline of the Fourfold Teachings, Buddhist Peace Work: Creating Cultures of Peace, and Unity in Diversity: Hawaii's Buddhist Communities.After retiring from the University of Hawaii, he taught comparative studies at Soka University of America and was actively engaged in Buddhist-Muslim dialogue in Asia, Europe, and North America. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_W._Chappell Source Accessed June 14, 2023])._Chappell Source Accessed June 14, 2023]))
David Welsh + (David Welsh is a mitra in the Triratna Bud … David Welsh is a mitra in the Triratna Buddhist Community, and teaches and practises Buddhism atthe Oslo Buddhist Centre. He is a Master’s student in the History of Religion at the University ofOslo, and a Research Fellow at the Norwegian Institute of Palaeography and Historical Philology. ([https://www.academia.edu/5112350/Brain_Hacking_and_Mind_Upgrades_Buddhism_of_the_Future_Book_Review_ Source Accessed Sep 29, 2022])ook_Review_ Source Accessed Sep 29, 2022]))
Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya + (Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya (the editor) is … Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya (the editor) is M.A., D.Ltt. of the Calcutta University, Honorary D.Sc. of the Moscow Academy of Sciences, Member of the German Academy of Sciences. Besides working as Visiting Professor at various universities, he is the author of a considerable number of works on Indian Philosophy and Science inclusive of many that are published abroad in Russian, Chinese,Japanese, German and other languages. Currently, he is elected National Fellow of the Indian Council of Philosophical Research, though he is also working in an honorary capacity as a Guest Scientist of National Institute of Science Technology and Development Studies (a constituentestablishment of CSIR). (Source: inside jacket, ''Tāranātha's History of Buddhism in India'', 1990)ha's History of Buddhism in India'', 1990))
Deborah Klimburg-Salter + (Deborah Klimburg-Salter is an art historia … Deborah Klimburg-Salter is an art historian. She is Professor emerita of Asian Art History at the Instituteof Art History, University of Vienna, Director of the research platform CIRDIS (Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Documentation Inner and South Asia) and Associate of the Department of South Asian Studies, Harvard University. Her research specializes on Northern India, Tibet and Central Asia. Emphasis on the monastic arts and cultural history of the early medieval periods. Her publications include: with L. Lojda, ed. ''Changing Forms and Cultural Identity: Religious and Secular Iconographies''. Brepols: Turnhout. 2014; "The Tibetan Himalayan Style: The Art of the Western Domains 8th–11th.” In ''Cultural Flows Across the Western Himalaya'', edited by P. McAllister, H. Krasser, and C. Scherrer-Schaub, 313–360. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2014. ([https://brill.com/display/book/9789004307438/B9789004307438_001.xml Source Accessed Aug 1, 2023])7438_001.xml Source Accessed Aug 1, 2023]))
Dechen Rochard + (Dechen Rochard has a B.A. (Hons) in Philos … Dechen Rochard has a B.A. (Hons) in Philosophy (University of London) and a PhD in Buddhist philosophy (University of Cambridge). She also completed a traditional ten-year study program in Buddhist Philosophy at the Institute of Buddhist Dialectics (Dharamsala, India). She is currently working for The Dalai Lama Trust translating texts.or The Dalai Lama Trust translating texts.)
Christian Bruyat + (Degree in English, teacher of French, prof … Degree in English, teacher of French, professional translator; completed two three-year retreats at Chanteloube, France, 1980–1985 and 1990–1993; founding member of Padmakara Translation Group. Tsadra Foundation Fellow since 2002.Declaring himself “methodical and particular” to the point of excess, Christian Bruyat is pleased that working with Tsadra allows him the extra time to try and do accurate translations. Coupled with this drive he has an “uncanny ability” to find translation errors “even when I read the works of others who are much more worthy than me, and are big scholars.” He does not mean to be arrogant or irritating, and attributes his knack to “some kind of karma with Tibetan …” Since at age five he informed his parents that he intended to marry a Japanese lady when he grew up—he married a Chinese woman instead—one might well agree that some sort of past-life Asian connection seems to be at play in Christian’s life.He has had the fortunate destiny to spend five years with Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche in Nepal and Bhutan. Appropriately enough, Dzogchen teachings are Christian’s favorite and most inspiring scriptural material, especially the works of Longchenpa, Patrul Rinpoche, and Mipham Rinpoche.Previously Published Translations • Le Chemin de la Grande Perfection, Patrul Rinpoché (and preliminary work on the draft of its English version, The Words of My Perfect Teacher, with Charles Hastings)'''Completed Projects as a Tsadra Foundation Fellow''' • Mahasiddhas, La vie de 84 sages de l’Inde, Abhayadatta (with Patrick Carré)• Le Précieux Ornement de la libération, Gampopa• Perles d’ambroisie (3 vols.), Kunzang Palden (with Patrick Carré)• Bodhicaryavatara, La Marche vers l’Éveil, Shantideva (with Patrick Carré)a Marche vers l’Éveil, Shantideva (with Patrick Carré))
Delog Dawa Drolma + (Delog Dawa Drolma (?-1941) was a great fem … Delog Dawa Drolma (?-1941) was a great female teacher of Tibet, a délok, and the mother of Chagdud Tulku Rinpoche.According to Chagdud Tulku Rinpoche:My mother was revered throughout Tibet for her extraordinary powers as a lama, but she was more famous for being a delog, one who has crossed the threshold of death and returned to tell about it. Hers was not a visionary or momentary near-death experience. For five full days she lay cold, breathless, and devoid of any vital signs, while her consciousness moved freely into other realms, often escorted by the wisdom goddess White Tara. She undertook her journey as a delog according to instructions she had received from Tara in visions, but against the wishes of her lamas, who pleaded with her not to take such a risk. It is remarkable that she, a young woman of sixteen, had so much confidence in her meditation that she prevailed over very wise, much older lamas. However, she herself had been recognized as an emanation of White Tara, a powerful force of enlightened mind for the longevity and liberation of all sentient beings.Delog Dawa Drolma received teachings from Dudjom Rinpoche. ([https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Delog_Dawa_Drolma Source Accessed Feb 22, 2023])Dawa_Drolma Source Accessed Feb 22, 2023]))
Denis Mair + (Denis Mair holds an M.A. in Chinese from O … Denis Mair holds an M.A. in Chinese from Ohio State University and has taught at University of Pennsylvania. He is currently a research fellow at Hanching Academy, Sun Moon Lake, Taiwan. He translated autobiographies by the philosopher Feng Youlan (Hawaii University Press) and the Buddhist monk Shih Chen-hua (SUNY Press). His translation of art criticism by Zhu Zhu was published by Hunan Fine Arts Press (2009). He has translated poetry by Yan Li, Mai Cheng, Meng Lang, Luo Ying, Jidi Majia, Yang Ke, and others. He also translated essays by design critic Tang Keyang and art historian Lü Peng for exhibitions they curated respectively in 2009 and 2011 at the Venice Biennial. (See Lü Peng, From San Servolo to Amalfi, Charta Books, Milan, 2011). ([https://adozennothing.com/adn-archive/denis-mair-september-2016/ Source Accessed Aug 8, 2023])tember-2016/ Source Accessed Aug 8, 2023]))
Denma Lobzang Chöying + (Denma Geshe Lobzang Choying (19th cent.) a … Denma Geshe Lobzang Choying (19th cent.) attended Drepung Loseling Monastic College. He wrote refutations on the views of Jamgon Ju Mipam Gyatso (1846-1912) on topics such as Madhyamaka philosophy and emptiness. ([https://library.bdrc.io/show/bdr:WA00EGS1016271 Source Accessed Feb 10, 2023])0EGS1016271 Source Accessed Feb 10, 2023]))
Dennis Johnson + (Dennis Johnson has an academic background … Dennis Johnson has an academic background in Tibetan and Buddhist Studies and has worked as a librarian, translator, editor and interpreter. He has also pursued additional training in various mindfulness-based, psychosocial and psychotherapeutic interventions. His main interest lies in forms of transdisciplinary and transcultural research and practice, and their potential to provide a new paradigm for individual, social and cultural transformation based on traditional knowledge as well as modern science. ([https://transpersonal-training.com/dennis-johnson/ Source Accessed Mar 9, 2023])nis-johnson/ Source Accessed Mar 9, 2023]))
Sde srid sangs rgyas rgya mtsho + (Desi Sangyé Gyatso (1653–1705), the heart … Desi Sangyé Gyatso (1653–1705), the heart disciple of the Fifth Dalai Lama, became the ruler of Tibet at age twenty-six and held sway over the country for over twenty-five years before his tragic death in a power struggle with the Mongol chieftain Lhasang Khan. A layman his entire life, he was a thorough administrator, overhauling the structure and regulations of the major Geluk monasteries and setting up many new institutions, such as the renowned Tibetan Medical Institute in Lhasa. He famously commissioned a set of seventy-nine medical paintings, and he composed ''White Beryl'', an authoritative work on all aspects of astronomical calculation and divination practiced in Tibet at his time. (Source: [https://wisdomexperience.org/product/mirror-beryl/ Wisdom Publications])roduct/mirror-beryl/ Wisdom Publications]))
Desmond Biddulph + (Desmond Biddulph CBE is President of The B … Desmond Biddulph CBE is President of The Buddhist Society, London (est. 1924) and editor of their journal ''The Middle Way''. He is a Jungian therapist with a medical practice in London, co-author of ''The Teachings of the Buddha'', and an international lecturer.e Buddha'', and an international lecturer.)
Nyenchen Palyang + (Despite the variations in the titles prece … Despite the variations in the titles preceding the personal name, dPal-dbyangs, it seems certain that they all refer to one personage who belongs to the clan gNyan/bsNyan and who apparently was a renowned master learned in Mahāyoga tantras and rDzogs chen doctrines . . . . . . However, nothing is known about his life. According to Tāranātha, he lived in Kha-ra sgo-bstun, a district in gTsang where Tāranātha himself was born and gNyan is said to have founded a temple called g.Yung-drung-gi lha-khang in 'Dam-chen. . . . gNyan dPal-dbyangs, in later sources is considered to be a disciple of Lo-tsā-ba gNyags Jñanakumāra ''alias'' Jo-bo Zhang-drung and one of the teachers of gNubs Sangs-rgyas ye-shes, the author of the ''SM'' [''Bsam gtan mig sgron''] . . .(Samten Karmay, ''The Great Perfection (rDzogs chen): A Philosophical and Meditative Teaching of Tibetan Buddhism'', Brill's Tibetan Studies Library 11 [Leiden: Brill, 2007], 67–69.)
Devadatta Ramkrishna Bhandarkar + (Devadatta Ramakrishna Bhandarkar (Marathi: … Devadatta Ramakrishna Bhandarkar (Marathi: देवदत्त रामकृष्ण भांडारकर; 19 November 1875 – 13 May 1950) was an Indian archaeologist and epigraphist who worked with the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). Born in Marathi Gaud Saraswat Brahmin family, he was the son of eminent Indologist, R. G. Bhandarkar.Bhandarkar was born on 19 November 1875. On graduating in history, Bhandarkar joined the ASI and was posted to the western circle as an assistant to Henry Cousin.As Assistant Superintendent, Bhandarkar worked in the then Rajputana, excavating the city of Nagari in Chittorgarh district in 1915–16. He succeeded George Thibaut as the Carmichael Professor of Ancient Indian History and Culture in the University of Calcutta and held the post from 1917 to 1936.[. . .]As Superintending Archeologist of the Western Circle of ASI, he visited Mohenjo-daro in 1911-12. He dismissed the ruins as only 200 years old, with 'bricks of a modern type' and 'a total lack of carved terra-cottas amidst the whole ruins'. John Keay had called his assessment as "wrong in every detail, this statement must rank amongst archaeology's greatest gaffes." ([https://research.tsadra.org/img_auth.php/b/b9/Bandyopadhyay-1984-Acarya-Vandana_D._R._Bhandarkar_Birth_Centenary_Volume.pdf Source Accessed Aug 22, 2025])_Volume.pdf Source Accessed Aug 22, 2025]))
Dharmacandra + (Dharmacandra (法月, 653–743) is known to be … Dharmacandra (法月, 653–743) is known to be from either eastern India or the kingdom of Magadha in central India. He traveled widely in central India and was accomplished in medical arts and the Tripiṭaka. Then he went to the kingdom of Kucha (龜茲, or 庫車, in present-day Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang, China), where he taught his disciple Zhenyue (真月) and others.At the written recommendation of Lu Xiulin (呂休林), the governor appointed to keep peace with the western region (安西節度使), in 732, the twentieth year of the Kaiyuan (開元) years of Emperor Xuanzong (唐玄宗) of the Tang Dynasty (618–907), Dharmacandra arrived in Chang-an (長安), China. As an offering to the Emperor, he presented Sanskrit texts on alchemy and herbal remedies, as well as the Sūtra of the Mighty Vidya King Ucchuṣma (T21n1227), translated by Ajitasena, who was from northern India. With the help of his disciple Liyan (利言), Dharmacandra translated into Chinese the Sanskrit text of herbal remedies as well as of the Sūtra of the All-Encompassing Knowledge Store, the Heart of Prajñā-Pāramitā (T08n0252).During an uprising in China, Dharmacandra moved to the kingdom of Yütian (于闐), or Khotan (和闐), present-day Hetian (和田), in Xinjiang, China. He stayed at the Golden Wheel Temple (金輪寺), teaching people attracted to him, until his death in 743, at the age of ninety-one. ([http://www.sutrasmantras.info/translators.html#dharmacandra Source Accessed Aug 19, 2021])harmacandra Source Accessed Aug 19, 2021]))

Karma Ozer + (Dharmachakra Translation Committee)
Khenpo Pema Namgyal + (Dharmachakra Translation Committee)

Suvarṇadvīpa Dharmakīrti + (Dharmakirti (Skt. Suvarṇadvīpa Dharmakīrti … Dharmakirti (Skt. Suvarṇadvīpa Dharmakīrti; Tib. ཆོས་ཀྱི་གྲགས་པ་, Chökyi Drakpa, Wyl. chos kyi grags pa) or Dharmapala (Wyl. chos skyong) of Suvarnadvipa (b. 10th century) was the most important of Atisha's teachers. In Tibetan he is known simply as Serlingpa (Tib. གསེར་གླིང་པ་, Wyl. gser gling pa), literally 'the master from Suvarnadvipa'. Atisha is said to have stayed with him for twelve years receiving teachings on Lojong. ([https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Dharmakirti_of_Suvarnadvipa Source Accessed Jun 21, 2022])uvarnadvipa Source Accessed Jun 21, 2022]))
Dharmakṣema + (Dharmakṣema. (C. Tanwuchen; J. Donmusen; K … Dharmakṣema. (C. Tanwuchen; J. Donmusen; K. Tammuch'am 曇無讖 (385-433 CE). Indian Buddhist monk who was an early translator of Buddhist materials into Chinese. A scion of a brāhmaṇa family from India, Dharmakṣema became at the age of six a disciple of Dharmayaśas (C. Damoyeshe; J. Donmayasha) (d.u.), an Abhidharma specialist who later traveled to China c. 397–401 and translated the ''Śāriputrābhidharmaśāstra''. Possessed of both eloquence and intelligence, Dharmakṣema was broadly learned in both monastic and secular affairs and was well versed in mainstream Buddhist texts. After he met a meditation monk named "White Head" and had a fiery debate with him, Dharmakṣema recognized his superior expertise and ended up studying with him. The monk transmitted to him a text of the ''Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra'' written on bark, which prompted Dharmakṣema to embrace the Mahāyāna. Once he reached the age of twenty, Dharmakṣema was able to recite over two million words of Buddhist texts. He was also so skilled in casting spells that he earned the sobriquet "Great Divine Spell Master" (C. Dashenzhou shi). Carrying with him the first part of the ''Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra'' that he received from "White Head," he left India and arrived in the Kucha kingdom in Central Asia. As the people of Kucha mostly studied Hīnayāna and did not accept the Mahāyāna teachings, Dharmakṣema then moved to China and lived in the western outpost of Dunhuang for several years. Juqu Mengxun, the non-Chinese ruler of the Northern Liang dynasty (397–439 CE), eventually brought Dharmakṣema to his capital. After studying the Chinese language for three years and learning how to translate Sanskrit texts orally into Chinese, Dharmakṣema engaged there in a series of translation projects under Juqu Mengxun's patronage. With the assistance of Chinese monks, such as Daolang and Huigao, Dharmakṣema produced a number of influential Chinese translations, including the ''Dabanniepan jing'' (S. ''Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra''; in forty rolls), the longest recension of the sūtra extant in any language; the ''Jinguangming jing'' ("Sūtra of Golden Light"; S. ''Suvarṇaprabhāsottamasūtra''; in four rolls); and the ''Pusa dichi jing'' (S. ''Bodhisattvabhūmisūtra''; in ten rolls). He is also said to have made the first Chinese translation of the ''Laṅkāvatārasūtra'' (C. ''Ru Lengqie jing'', but his rendering had dropped out of circulation at least by 730 CE, when the Tang Buddhist cataloguer Zhisheng (700–786 CE) compiled the Kaiyuan Shijiao Lu. The Northern Wei ruler Tuoba Tao, a rival of Juqu Mengxun's, admired Dharmakṣema's esoteric expertise and requested that the Northern Liang ruler send the Indian monk to his country. Fearing that his rival might seek to employ Dharmakṣema's esoteric expertise against him, Juqu Mengxun had the monk assassinated at the age of forty-nine. Dharmakṣema's translation of Indian Buddhist texts into Chinese had a significant impact on Chinese Buddhism; in particular, the doctrine that all beings have the buddha-nature (''foxing''), a teaching appearing in Dharmakṣema's translation of the ''Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra'', exerted tremendous influence on the development of Chinese Buddhist thought. (Source: "Dharmakṣema." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 247–48. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Dharmamitra + (Dharmamitra ［曇摩蜜多・曇無蜜多］ (356–442) (Skt; Jp … Dharmamitra ［曇摩蜜多・曇無蜜多］ (356–442) (Skt; Jpn Dommamitta or Dommumitta): A monk from Kashmir in ancient India who translated Buddhist sutras into Chinese. He entered the Buddhist Order while young and traveled through various kingdoms to pursue study of the sutras. He dedicated himself to the practice of meditation and, passing through Kucha and Tun-huang, went to China in 424, where he exhorted people to practice meditation. In 433 he went to Chien-k’ang, the capital of the Liu Sung dynasty, and in 435 founded Ting-lin-shang-ssu temple, where he lived. He converted the empress and crown prince of the Liu Sung dynasty. His works include ''The Secret Essentials of Meditation'' and Chinese translations of the ''Universal Worthy Sutra'' and the ''Meditation on Bodhisattva Space Treasury Sutra''. ([https://www.nichirenlibrary.org/en/dic/Content/D/55 Source Accessed July 15, 2021])ntent/D/55 Source Accessed July 15, 2021]))
Dharmarakṣa + (Dharmarakṣa. (C. Zhu Fahu; J. Jiku Hōgo; K … Dharmarakṣa. (C. Zhu Fahu; J. Jiku Hōgo; K. Ch’uk Pǒpho 竺法護) (c. 233-310). One of the most prolific translators in early Chinese Buddhism, who played an important role in transmitting the Indian scriptural tradition to China. Presumed to be of Yuezhi heritage, Dharmarakṣa was born in the Chinese outpost of Dunhuang and grew up speaking multiple languages. He became a monk at the age of eight and in his thirties traveled extensively throughout the oasis kingdoms of Central Asia, collecting manuscripts of Mahāyāna scriptures in a multitude of Indic and Middle Indic languages, which he eventually brought back with him to China. Because of his multilingual ability, Dharmarakṣa was able to supervise a large team in rendering these texts into Chinese; the team included scholars of Indian and Central Asian origin, as well as such Chinese laymen as the father-and-son team Nie Chengyuan and Nie Daozhen. Some 150 translations in over three hundred rolls are attributed to Dharmarakṣa, including the first translation of the ''Saddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtra'', the ''Vimalakīrtinirdeśa'', the ''Lalitavistara'', the ''Bhadrakalpikasūtra'', and some of the prajñāpāramitā literature. Although many of Dharmarakṣa's pioneering renderings were later superseded by the fourth-century retranslations of Kumārajīva, Dharmarakṣa is generally considered the most important translator of the early Chinese Buddhist saṃgha. (Source: "Dharmarakṣa." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 251. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Dharmarakṣita + (Dharmarakṣita is a c. 9th century Indian B … Dharmarakṣita is a c. 9th century Indian Buddhist credited with composing an important Mahayana text called the ''Wheel of Sharp Weapons'' (Tib. ''blo-sbyong mtshon-cha 'khor-lo''). He was the teacher of Atiśa, who was instrumental in establishing a second wave of Buddhism in Tibet.''Wheel of Sharp Weapons'' is an abbreviated title for ''The Wheel of Sharp Weapons Effectively Striking the Heart of the Foe''. This text is often referenced as a detailed source for how the laws of karma play out in our lives; it reveals many specific effects and their causes. A poetic presentation, the "wheel of sharp weapons" can be visualized as something we throw out or propel, which then comes back to cut us... something like a boomerang. In the same way, Dharmarakṣita explains, the non-virtuous causes we create through our self-interested behavior come back to 'cut us' in future lives as the ripening of the negative karma such actions create. This, he explains, is the source of all our pain and suffering. He admonishes that it is our own selfishness or self-cherishing that leads us to harm others, which in turn creates the negative karma or potential for future suffering. Our suffering is not a punishment, merely a self-created karmic result. In most verses, Dharmarakṣita also offers a suggested alternative virtuous or positive action to substitute for our previous non-virtuous behavior, actions that will create positive karma and future pleasant conditions and happiness.Despite the fact that ''Wheel of Sharp Weapons'' has come to be considered a Mahayana text, Dharmarakṣita is said to have subscribed to the Vaibhāṣika view. His authorship of the text is considered questionable by scholars for various reasons. [(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharmarak%E1%B9%A3ita_(9th_century) Source Accessed May 18, 2021])th_century) Source Accessed May 18, 2021]))
Dharmottara + (Dharmottara. (T . Chos mchog) (fl. eighth … Dharmottara. (T . Chos mchog) (fl. eighth century). Indian author of a number of works on pramāṇa, the most important of which are his detailed commentary on Dharmakīrti's ''Pramāṇaviniścaya'' and a shorter commentary on his ''Nyāyabindu''. A Contemporary or Student of Prajñākaragupta, Dharmottarawas influential in the transmission of pramāņa (T . tshad ma) studies in Tibet. Rngog Blo ldan shes rab's translation of Dharmakīrti's ''Pramāṇaviniścaya'' and ''Nyāyabindu'' into Tibetan together with Dharmottara's commentaries and his own explanations laid the foundations for the study of pramāṇa inGsang phu ne'u thog monastery. This importance continued unchallenged until Sa skya Paņḍita's detailed explanation of Dharmakīrti's ideas based on all his seven major works, particularly his ''Pramāṇavārttika'', opened up a competing tradition of explanation. (Source: "Dharmottara." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 254. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Dharmāgatayaśas + (Dharmāgatayaśas (曇摩伽陀耶舍, 5th–6th centuries … Dharmāgatayaśas (曇摩伽陀耶舍, 5th–6th centuries) means Dharma come to renown (法生稱). He was a Buddhist monk from central India, who could write Chinese. In 481, the third year of the Jianyuan (建元) years of the Xiao Qi Dynasty (蕭齊, 479–501, second of the four successive Southern Dynasties), at the Chaoting Temple (朝亭寺) in Guangzhou (廣州), Guangdong Province, he translated, from Sanskrit into Chinese, the ''Sūtra of Immeasurable Meaning'' (T09n0276). Nothing more is known about him. ([http://www.sutrasmantras.info/translators.html#kumarajiva Source Accessed Aug 19, 2021])#kumarajiva Source Accessed Aug 19, 2021]))
Dhongthog Rinpoche + (Dhongthog Rinpoche Tenpé Gyaltsen (Wyl. gd … Dhongthog Rinpoche Tenpé Gyaltsen (Wyl. gdong thog bstan pa’i rgyal mtshan) aka T.G. Dhongthog Rinpoche (1933-2015) was one of the foremost Tibetan Buddhist scholars of recent times, noted especially for his work as a historian, lexicographer and prolific author. From 1979 Rinpoche was based in Seattle, USA. He published a number of books in Tibetan and English, especially through the Sapan Institute, of which he was the founding-director.After being recognized as the fifth reincarnation of Jampal Rigpai Raldri by the Sakya Dagchen Ngawang Kunga Rinchen, Rinpoche studied Tibetan literature and Buddhist philosophy at Dzongsar Shedra. Before leaving Tibet in 1957, Rinpoche was the head teacher of Dhongthog Rigdrol Phuntsog Ling Monastery, Kardze, Tibet. Rinpoche served the Tibetan Government-in-Exile for 13 years before moving to the United States in 1979. In those 13 years, Rinpoche worked at the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives in Dharamsala and at Tibet House in New Delhi.He wrote several books, including The History of Sakyapa School of Tibetan Buddhism, The Cleansing Water-drops, The Earth Shaking Thunder of True Word, The History of Tibet, and New Light English-Tibetan Dictionary. In addition, he worked as a translator and editor on the Tibetan version of Sogyal Rinpoche's The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying and translated David Jackson's biography of Dezhung Rinpoche into Tibetan.Ven. Dhongthog Rinpoche passed away on the morning of 13th January, 2015 in Seattle, Washington.([http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Dhongthog_Rinpoche Source Accessed, April 10, 2015])Rinpoche Source Accessed, April 10, 2015]))
Diana Y. Paul + (Diana Y. Paul was born in Akron, Ohio and … Diana Y. Paul was born in Akron, Ohio and is a graduate of Northwestern University with a degree in both psychology and philosophy and of the University of Wisconsin-Madison with a Ph.D in Buddhist Studies.. . . Her short stories have appeared in a number of literary journals and she is currently working on a second novel, ''A Perfect Match''. Currently, she lives in Carmel, CA with her husband and loves to create mixed media art, focusing on printmaking in her studio. As a Stanford professor, she has authored three books on Buddhism, one of which has been translated into Japanese and German (''Women in Buddhism'', University of California Press). ([https://dianaypaul.com/about/ Source Accessed Jan 14, 2020])Her other Buddhist works include ''Philosophy of Mind in Sixth-Century China: Paramartha’s Evolution of Consciousness'' and ''The Buddhist Feminine Ideal: Queen Srimala and the Tathagatagarbha''.: Queen Srimala and the Tathagatagarbha''.)
Diego Hangartner + (Diego Hangartner has dedicated over thirty … Diego Hangartner has dedicated over thirty years to external scientific research and internal meditative exploration of the mind and consciousness. He started as a pharmacologist specializing in psychopharmacology and addiction, always interested in what constitutes a healthy mind and how to cultivate it. He spent many years at the Institute of Buddhist Dialectics in India, studying, translating and publishing several Tibetan works, and organizing several large events with His Holiness the Dalai Lama in Europe.Diego was COO of Mind and Life Institute in the US and co-founder and director of Mind and Life Institute in Europe until 2015. Mind and Life is an organization that brings together scientists and contemplatives to discuss, research and fund research into how to tackle some of the toughest challenges facing mankind. Today, he continues his research and teaching with the Max Planck Institute, ETH (The Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) and Zurich University.To share his teaching more broadly, Diego founded the “Institute of Mental Balance and Universal Ethics” (IMBUE), an interdisciplinary initiative, to develop and provide tools and programs that foster mental balance. He created and teaches “The Wheel of Mental Balance”, a methodology to cultivate a healthy and resilient mind. ([https://www.buddhistinquiry.org/teacher/diego-hangartner/ Source Accessed Jan 8, 2021])-hangartner/ Source Accessed Jan 8, 2021]))
Dieter Schlingloff + (Dieter Schlingloff (born April 24, 1928 in … Dieter Schlingloff (born April 24, 1928 in Kassel ) is a German Indologist. After graduating from high school in Eschwege in 1944/1946, he studied in Göttingen from 1947 to 1952. From 1953 to 1961 he was a research assistant at the Institute for Oriental Research at the German Academy of Sciences in Berlin. From 1962 to 1968 he was a private lecturer in Göttingen. From 1968 to 1971 he was a full professor in Kiel. From 1972 to 1996 he was a university professor in Munich. He has been an honorary professor in Leipzig since 2005.His areas of expertise are Buddhist Sanskrit literature, ancient Indian art and cultural history. He is researching mural paintings in Ajanta. ([https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieter_Schlingloff Source Accessed Jan 30, 2024])Schlingloff Source Accessed Jan 30, 2024]))
Dignāga + (Dignāga. [alt. Diṅnāga] (T. Phyogs glang; … Dignāga. [alt. Diṅnāga] (T. Phyogs glang; C. Chenna; J. Jinna; K. Chinna) (c. 480-c. 540). Indian monk regarded as the formalizer of Buddhist logic (nyāya; hetuvidyā). Dignāga was an influential innovator in Buddhist inferential reasoning or logical syllogisms (prayoga; sādhana), an important feature of Indian philosophy more broadly, which occupies a crucial place in later Indian and Tibetan philosophical analysis. The Indian Nyāya (Logic) school advocated that there were five necessary stages in syllogistic reasoning: (1) probandum or proposition (pratijñā), "The mountain is on fire"; (2) reason (hetu), "because there is smoke," (3) analogy (udāharana), "Whatever is smoky is on fire, like a stove, but unlike a lake"; (4) application (upanāya), "Since this mountain is smoky, it is on fire"; (5) conclusion (nigamana), "The mountain is on fire." Using the same example, Dignāga by contrast reduced the syllogism down to only three essential steps: (1) probandum or proposition (pakṣa), "the mountain is on fire"; (2) reason (hetu), "because there is smoke"; (3) exemplification (dṛṣṭānta), "whatever is smoky is on fire, like a stove," and "whatever is not on fire is not smoky, like a lake," or, more simply, "like a stove, unlike a lake." Dignāga is also the first scholiast to incorporate into Buddhism the Vaiśeṣika position that there are only two validmeans of knowledge (pramāṇa): direct perception (pratyakṣa, which also includes for Buddhists the subcategory of Yogipratyakṣa) and inference (anumāna). Dignāga’s major works include his Pramāņasamuccaya ("Compendium on Valid Means of Knowledge"), Ālambanaparīkṣā ("Investigation of the Object"), and Nyāyamukha ("Primer on Logic"), which is available only in Chinese translation. (Source: "Dignāga." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 259. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
Dilgo Khyentse Tashi Paljor + (Dilgo Khyentse Tashi Peljor was one of the … Dilgo Khyentse Tashi Peljor was one of the most prominent Nyingma lamas of the twentieth century, widely known also in the West. The mind reincarnation of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, his seat was Shechen Monastery, which he reestablished in Boudhanath, Nepal, in 1980. After fleeing the Communist takeover of Tibet, Dilgo Khyentse settled in Bhutan. A prolific author and treasure-revealer, his compositions are collected in twenty-five volumes. Although he received novice vows at age ten, he never fully ordained, living the life of a householder with wife and children. ([http://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Dilgo-Khyentse-Tashi-Peljor/P625 Source: Treasury of Lives])hi-Peljor/P625 Source: Treasury of Lives]))
Carisse Busquet + (Diplômée de l'Institut d'art et d'archéolo … Diplômée de l'Institut d'art et d'archéologie de Paris.Elle a traduit de l'anglais et du tibétain.Gérard et Carisse Busquet, passionnés d’histoire et d’archéologie, grands voyageurs, vivent au Népal depuis plus de vingt ans. Ils ont rédigé de nombreux ouvrages sur l’Inde, le Népal et Sri Lanka. ([https://www.babelio.com/auteur/Carisse-Busquet/164461 Source Accessed April 6, 2023])uet/164461 Source Accessed April 6, 2023]))
Miller-Sangster, L. + (Director of Academic and Public Programs for Maitripa College, Portland, Oregon: programs@maitripa.org. Contact for Conference information. Art Specialist with PhD from Emory University. Connections with Red Gate Gallery, Beijing.)
McKeown, A. + (Dissertation: [[From Bodhgayā to Lhasa to Beijing: The Life and Times of Śāriputra (c.1335-1426), Last Abbot of Bodhgayā]], by … Dissertation: [[From Bodhgayā to Lhasa to Beijing: The Life and Times of Śāriputra (c.1335-1426), Last Abbot of Bodhgayā]], by Arthur McKeown. Harvard University. 2010. 570 pp. Primary Advisor: Leonard W. J. van der Kuijp. REVIEW: http://dissertationreviews.org/archives/2362EW: http://dissertationreviews.org/archives/2362)
Divākara + (Divākara (地婆訶羅, 613–87), or Rizhao (日照) in … Divākara (地婆訶羅, 613–87), or Rizhao (日照) in Chinese, was born in central India in the Brahmin Caste.He became a Monk when he was just a child, and he spent many years at the Mahābodhi Temple and the Nālandā Monastery. He was an accomplished Tripiṭaka master, excelled in the five studies and especially in Mantra practices.Already in his sixties, Divākara went to Chang-an (長安), China, in 676, the first year of the Yifeng (儀鳳) years of the Tang Dynasty (618–907).Emperor Gaozong (唐高宗) treated him as respectfully as he had treated the illustrious Tripiṭaka master Xuanzang.In 680, the first year of the Yonglong (永隆) years, the emperor commanded ten learned Monks to assist Divākara in translating sūtras from Sanskrit into Chinese.In six years Divākara translated eighteen sūtras, including the ''Sūtra of the Buddha-Crown Superb Victory Dhāraṇī'' (T19n0970), the ''Sūtra of the Great Cundī Dhāraṇī'' (T20n1077), and the ''Mahāyāna Sūtra of Consciousness Revealed'' (T12n0347).Longing to see his mother again, he petitioned for permission to go home.Unfortunately, although permission was granted, he fell ill and died in the twelfth month of 687, the third year of the Chuigong (垂拱) years, at the age of seventy-five.Empress Wu (武后則天) had him buried properly at the Xiangshan Monastery (香山寺) in Luoyang (洛陽).([http://www.chinabuddhismencyclopedia.com/en/index.php?title=Div%C4%81kara Source Accessed Aug 18, 2020])v%C4%81kara Source Accessed Aug 18, 2020]))
Dobis Gyal + (Dobis Tsering Gyal works in the Tibet Arch … Dobis Tsering Gyal works in the Tibet Archives, Lhasa. He received a PhD in Tibetan Cultural Anthropology from Central University for Nationalities, Beijing. His research interests include Tibetan historical archives, the political system of the dGa' ldan pho brang (1642-1959) and Tibetan modern literature.(1642-1959) and Tibetan modern literature.)
Dominic Sur + (Dominic D. Z. Sur is an Assistant Professo … Dominic D. Z. Sur is an Assistant Professor of Religious Studies, teaching courses in world religions and Buddhism. Dr. Sur's recent publications include ''Entering the Way of the Great Vehicle: Dzogchen as the Culmination of the Mahāyāna'' (2017). He is presently working on a study of the rise of scholasticism and sectarian identity in eleventh century Tibet. ([https://history.usu.edu/faculty/faculty-directory/dominic-sur Source Accessed Jan 27, 2020])*'''Recent Publications:'''**Constituting Canon and Community in Eleventh Century Tibet: The Extant Writings of Rongzom and His Charter of Mantrins (sngags pa’i bca’ yig). Religions (2017) 8, 40. [https://www.academia.edu/31878104/Constituting_Canon_and_Community_in_Eleventh_Century_Tibet_The_Extant_Writings_of_Rongzom_and_His_Charter_of_Mantrins_sngags_pai_bca_yig_?email_work_card=title doi:10.3390/rel8030040]il_work_card=title doi:10.3390/rel8030040])
Dominick Scarangello + (Dominick Scarangello, PhD, specializes in … Dominick Scarangello, PhD, specializes in early-modern and modern Japanese religions. He has taught at the University of Virginia and was the Postdoctoral Scholar in Japanese Buddhism at the Center for Japanese Studies, University of California, Berkeley (2013-14). Currently he is an international advisor to Rissho Kosei-kai. Dominick Scarangello obtained his Ph.D. in Religious Studies with a concentration in East Asian Buddhism from the University of Virginia in 2012. He specializes in early modern and modern Japanese religions, and his scholarly interests include the Lotus Sutra tradition in East Asia, esoteric Buddhism, religion and modernity, embodiment, religious material culture, and religious praxis in Japan, including liturgy and ascetic practices. He taught at the University of Virginia and was the Postdoctoral Scholar in Japanese Buddhism at the Center for Japanese Studies, University of California, Berkeley (2013-2014).Presently, he is the International Advisor to the lay Buddhist group Rissho-Kosei-kai, located in Tokyo, Japan, where he is responsible for education, translation and other duties, including coordinating the International Lotus Sutra Seminar (ILSS), an annual academic conference focused on the Lotus Sutra and its related religious traditions. At Rissho Kosei-kai he was one of the principle editors of The Threefold Lotus Sutra: A Modern Translation for Contemporary Readers, and is now engaged in a retranslation of one of the principle Lotus Sutra commentaries of Niwano Nikkyo (1906-99), founder of Rissho Kosei-kai. He is also involved with editing Dharma World magazine and is a regular contributor. ([https://independent.academia.edu/DominickScarangello Adapted from Source Sep 16, 2021])angello Adapted from Source Sep 16, 2021]))
Wujastyk, D. + (Dominik Wujastyk is a professor and Singhm … Dominik Wujastyk is a professor and Singhmar Chair of Ancient Indian Society and Polity at the University of Alberta. His areas of research include Sanskrit language and literature, classical Indian studies, social and intellectual history of precolonial India, and the history of science and medicine in premodern India. Wujastyk has published many articles and books based on his research, including The Roots of Ayurveda; he has also coedited Studies on Indian Medical History and Mathematics and Medicine in Sanskrit. Source: ([https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/authors/248088/dominik-wujastyk Penguin Random House])88/dominik-wujastyk Penguin Random House]))
Donald K. Swearer + (Donald K. Swearer is the Charles & Har … Donald K. Swearer is the Charles & Harriet Cox McDowell Emeritus Professor of Religion, Swarthmore College. From 2004 to 2010, he served as director of the Center for the Study of World Religions at Harvard Divinity School. Although he has taught widely in the field of Asian and comparative religions, his research has focused on Theravada Buddhism in Southeast Asia, especially in Thailand. His recent monographs in that field include: ''The Buddhist World of Southeast Asia'', ''Becoming the Buddha: The Ritual of Image Consecration in Thailand'', ''The Sacred Mountains of Northern Thailand and Their Legends'', and ''The Legend of Queen Cama: Bodhiramsi’s Camadevivamsa, a Translation and Commentary''. He currently lives in Claremont, California. (Source: [https://wisdomexperience.org/content-author/donald-swearer/ Wisdom Publications])t-author/donald-swearer/ Wisdom Publications]))
Donald S. Lopez, Jr. + (Donald S. Lopez, Jr. was born in Washingto … Donald S. Lopez, Jr. was born in Washington, D. C. in 1952 and was educated at the University of Virginia, receiving a doctorate in Religious Studies in 1982. After teaching at Middlebury College, he joined the faculty of the University of Michigan in 1989, where he is currently Arthur E. Link Distinguished University Professor of Buddhist and Tibetan Studies in the Department of Asian Languages and Cultures. He is the author or editor of more than twenty books, which have been translated into French, Italian, Spanish, Dutch, Czech, Polish, Korean, and Chinese. His books include ''Buddhism in Practice'' (Princeton, 1995), ''Elaborations on Emptiness: Uses of the Heart Sutra'' (Princeton, 1996), ''Curators of the Buddha: The Study of Buddhism Under Colonialism'' (Chicago, 1995), ''Prisoners of Shangri-La: Tibetan Buddhism and the West'' (Chicago, 1998), ''The Story of Buddhism'' (Harper San Francisco, 2001), ''A Modern Buddhist Bible'' (Beacon, 2002), ''Buddhist Scriptures'' (Penguin Classics, 2004), ''Critical Terms for the Study of Buddhism'' (Chicago, 2005), ''The Madman's Middle Way: Reflections on Reality of the Tibetan Monk Gendun Chopel'' (Chicago, 2005), ''Buddhism and Science: A Guide for the Perplexed'' (Chicago, 2008), and ''In the Forest of Faded Wisdom: 104 Poems of Gendun Chopel'' (Chicago, 2009). He has also served as editor of the ''Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies''. In 2002-03 he served as Associate Dean for Academic Affairs in the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts at the University of Michigan. He has received fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the American Council of Learned Societies, the Guggenheim Foundation, and the Getty Research Institute. In 1998 he was named Arthur F. Thurnau Professor, the University of Michigan's highest award for undergraduate teaching. In 2000 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2005, he was named a Distinguished University Professor. In 2007, he received the John H. D'Arms Faculty Award for Distinguished Graduate Mentoring in the Humanities. He currently serves as chair of the Michigan Society of Fellows and as chair of the Department of Asian Languages and Cultures. ([http://www.css.edu/academics/school-of-arts-and-letters/lectures-and-performances/oreck-alpern-interreligious-forum/dr-donald-lopez.html Source Accessed July 22, 2020])lopez.html Source Accessed July 22, 2020]))
Dong Qichang + (Dong Qichang (Chinese: 董其昌; pinyin: Dǒng Q … Dong Qichang (Chinese: 董其昌; pinyin: Dǒng Qíchāng; Wade–Giles: Tung Ch'i-ch'ang; courtesy name Xuanzai (玄宰); 1555–1636), was a Chinese painter, calligrapher, politician, and art theorist of the later period of the Ming dynasty.'''Life as a scholar and calligrapher:''' Dong Qichang was a native of Hua Ting (located in modern-day Shanghai), the son of a teacher and somewhat precocious as a child. At 12 he passed the prefectural Civil service entrance examination and won a coveted spot at the prefectural Government school. He first took the imperial civil service exam at seventeen, but placed second to a cousin because his calligraphy was clumsy. This led him to train until he became a noted calligrapher. Once this occurred he rose up the ranks of the imperial service passing the highest level at the age of 35. He rose to an official position with the Ministry of Rites.[1]'''Landscape with Calligraphy, Tokyo National Museum:'''' His positions in the bureaucracy were not without controversy. In 1605 he was giving the exam when the candidates demonstrated against him causing his temporary retirement. In other cases he insulted and beat women who came to his home with grievances. That led to his house being burned down by an angry mob. He also had the tense relations with the eunuchs common to the scholar bureaucracy. Dong's tomb in Songjiang District was vandalized during the Cultural Revolution, and his body dressed in official Ming court robes, was desecrated by Red Guards.'''Painter:'''' His work favored expression over formal likeness. He also avoided anything he deemed to be slick or sentimental. This led him to create landscapes with intentionally distorted spatial features. Still his work was in no way abstract as it took elements from earlier Yuan masters. His views on expression had importance to later "individualist" painters.'''Art theory:'''' In his art theoretical writings, Dong developed the theory that Chinese painting could be divided into two schools, the northern school characterized by fine lines and colors and the southern school noted for its quick calligraphic strokes. These names are misleading as they refer to Northern and Southern schools of Chan Buddhism thought rather than geographic areas. Hence a Northern painter could be geographically from the south and a Southern painter geographically from the north. In any event he strongly favored the Southern school and dismissed the Northern school as superficial or merely decorative.His ideal of Southern school painting was one where the artist forms a new style of individualistic painting by building on and transforming the style of traditional masters. This was to correspond with sudden enlightenment, as favored by Southern Chan Buddhism. He was a great admirer of Mi Fu and Ni Zan. By relating to the ancient masters' style, artists are to create a place for themselves within the tradition, not by mere imitation, but by extending and even surpassing the art of the past. Dong's theories, combining veneration of past masters with a creative forward looking spark, would be very influential on Qing dynasty artists as well as collectors, "especially some of the newly rich collectors of Sungchiang, Huichou in Southern Anhui, Yangchou, and other places where wealth was concentrated in this period". Together with other early self-appointed arbiters of taste known as the Nine Friends, he helped determine which painters were to be considered collectible (or not). As Cahill points out, such men were the forerunners of today's art historians. His classifications were quite perceptive and he is credited with being "the first art historian to do more than list and grade artists." ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dong_Qichang Source Accessed July 14, 2023])en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dong_Qichang Source Accessed July 14, 2023]))