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A list of all pages that have property "Bio" with value "17th cent. explorer; Portuguese". Since there have been only a few results, also nearby values are displayed.

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    • Bretfeld, S.  + (2014 - present Professor, Department of Ph2014 - present</br>Professor, Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (Norway)</br></br>2008 - 2014</br>Professor, Chair for Religious Studies, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum (Germany)</br></br>2008</br>Senior Assistant, Institute for the Science of Religion and Central Asian Studies, University of Bern, Bern (Switzerland)</br></br>2001 - 2007</br>Assistant, Institute for the Science of Religion and Central Asian Studies, University of Bern </br></br>2000 - 2001</br>Temporary lecturer, Institute for the Science of Religion and Central Asian Studies, University of Bern, Bern </br></br>2000 - 2001</br>Assistant, Department of Indian and Buddhist Studies, Georg-August-University, Göttingen (Germany)</br></br>1998 - 2001</br>Temporary lecturer, Department of Religious Studies, Georg-August-University, Göttingen </br></br>1998 - 2000</br>Temporary lecturer, Department of Indian and Buddhist Studies, Georg-August-University, Göttingen </br></br>2000</br>Phd (Dr. phil.), Indology, Tibetology, Study of Religions, Georg-August-University, Göttingen </br></br>([https://www.multiple-secularities.de/team/prof-dr-sven-bretfeld/ Source Accessed on May 4, 2020])bretfeld/ Source Accessed on May 4, 2020]))
    • Khenpo Kunga Sherab  + (2024 Publication Forthcoming with Khenpo K2024 Publication Forthcoming with Khenpo Kunga Sherab: [https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-Amazing-Treasury-of-the-Sakya-Lineage/Ameshab-Ngakwang-Kunga-Sonam/Amazing-Treasury-of-the-Sakya-Lineage/9781614299196 The Amazing Treasury of the Sakya Lineage: Volume 1]</br></br>Khenpo Kunga Sherab was born in Lhoka, Tibet, and is a monastic scholar and teacher. He is the author of several studies in Tibetan on Abhidharma and Middle Way philosophy. Khenpo has extensive experience teaching Buddhist meditation and philosophy in various settings, including traditional Tibetan monastic colleges, interfaith institutes, Dharma centers across North America and Asia, and university classrooms. He received his PhD from the University of Toronto. Since 2017, he has served as a Buddhist chaplain in four major prisons in southwestern Ontario, Canada. ([https://www.simonandschuster.com/authors/Khenpo-Kunga-Sherab/220574952 Source: Simon and Schuster, Accessed July 9, 2024])</br></br>Before coming to the University of Toronto, Khenpo received a traditional Tibetan Buddhist monastic education and earned the advanced title of Khenpo (abbot) in 2005 from the Dzongsar Institute for Advanced Studies of Buddhist Philosophy and Research in India. He then taught for many years at Dzongsar Institute, India and Zurmang Buddhist College in Sikkim, India. He is the author of several works on Buddhist philosophy in Tibetan. ([https://buddhiststudies.utoronto.ca/khenpo-kunga-sherab/ Source: U Toronto, Accessed July 9, 2024])Source: U Toronto, Accessed July 9, 2024]))
    • Matthew William King  + (2024 Publication Forthcoming with Khenpo K2024 Publication Forthcoming with Khenpo Kunga Sherab: [https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-Amazing-Treasury-of-the-Sakya-Lineage/Ameshab-Ngakwang-Kunga-Sonam/Amazing-Treasury-of-the-Sakya-Lineage/9781614299196 The Amazing Treasury of the Sakya Lineage: Volume 1]</br></br>Matthew King is Professor of Buddhist Studies and Director of Asian Studies at the University of California, Riverside. His research examines the social history of knowledge in Buddhist scholastic networks extending across the Tibeto-Mongolian frontiers of the late Qing empire and its revolutionary ruins. Much of his published work has focused on encounters between Buddhist scholasticism, science, humanism, and state socialism in the 19th and early 20th centuries. His work is also broadly engaged with methodological revision in the study of religion and Buddhist Studies, and in revisionist theoretical projects associated with the critical Asian humanities.</br>His first book Ocean of Milk, Ocean of Blood: A Mongolian Monk in the Ruins of the Qing Empire (Columbia University Press, 2019), was awarded the American Academy of Religion Excellence in the Study of Religion: Textual Studies book award, the Central Eurasian Studies Society's 2020 Best Book in History and Humanities, and the International Convention of Asia Scholars Book Prize (Specialist Publication). Ocean of Milk illuminates previously unknown religious and intellectual legacies of the Qing long after its political ending. Here, post-imperial “counter-modern” Buddhist thought emerges as a foil for the hegemony of the national-subject and “the modern” in scholarship about early twentieth century Asia.</br></br>([https://profiles.ucr.edu/app/home/profile/mking Source: UC Riverside Accessed July 9, 2024])urce: UC Riverside Accessed July 9, 2024]))
    • Kunga Namgyal  + (4th embodiment of the zur mang drung pa line.)
    • Naomi Worth  + ( :Education :University of Virginia, Ph.D.</br>:Education</br>:University of Virginia, Ph.D. Candidate in Religious Studies (in progress). Dissertation Title: "Illusory Body: The Tibetan Yoga of Blazing the Inner Heat among Contemporary Monastics in South India."</br>::Dissertation Advisors: David Germano and Kurtis Schaeffer</br>:M.A., University of Virginia, Religious Studies, Buddhism and Hinduism</br>:B.Sc., Tulane University, Psychology, Minors in Business and Spanish, Cum Laude</br>, Minors in Business and Spanish, Cum Laude )
    • Daniel Gold  + (<h2>Summary</h2> Daniel Gold <h2>Summary</h2></br></br>Daniel Gold has broad interests in South Asian religion and culture, with research specializations in old Hindi poetry, early modern North Indian devotional cultures, and contemporary religious life. He has also written on the study of religion.</br></br><h2>Research Focus</h2></br></br>Gold is currently revisiting the early modern Hindi saint-poets known collectively as "sants." Situating the religious cultures that have grown up around particular figures in their separate historical contexts, he seeks to understand factors affecting the diversity of the religious cultures that emerged around specific sants and continuities in the development of their tradition as a whole. ([https://religious-studies.cornell.edu/daniel-gold Source Accessed Feb 13, 2023])ous-studies.cornell.edu/daniel-gold Source Accessed Feb 13, 2023]))
    • Abraham Zablocki  + (<h5>Teaching and Scholarly Interests<h5>Teaching and Scholarly Interests</h5></br>Professor Zablocki teaches courses on Buddhism and other Asian religions, as well as the anthropology of religion, religion and theory, and Asian studies (with particular attention to Tibet and South Asia). His research focuses on contemporary globalization of Buddhism and on the transnational transformation of Tibetan religion, culture, and politics.</br></br><h5>Professional Activities</h5></br>Professor Zablocki's essay "The Taiwanese Connection: Politics, Piety, and Patronage in Transnational Tibetan Buddhism" appears in ''Buddhism Between Tibet and China'', Matthew Kapstein, ed. (Wisdom Publications, 2009). He also co-edited (with Nalini Bhushan and Jay Garfield) ''TransBuddhism: Transmission, Translation and Transformation'' (University of Massachusetts Press, 2009); he co-authored the Introduction (with Bhushan) and contributed a chapter entitled "Transnational Tulkus: The Globalization of Tibetan Buddhist Reincarnation." His book, ''Global Mandala: The Transformation of Tibetan Buddhism in Exile'', is forthcoming from University of Hawaii Press. ([https://www.agnesscott.edu/directory/faculty/zablocki-abraham.html Source Accessed Feb 13, 2023])ctory/faculty/zablocki-abraham.html Source Accessed Feb 13, 2023]))
    • Sangay, Thupten  + (<span class="plainlinks"><span style="vertical-align: text-bottom;">[[File:BDRC_Logo.png|link=https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=P6083|25px]]</span> [https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=P6083 BDRC]</span>)
    • Collett Davis Cox  + (== Full Name == Collett Davis Cox == Affi== Full Name ==</br>Collett Davis Cox</br></br>== Affiliation ==</br>University of Washington, Professor<br></br>'''Education'''<br></br>B.A. Religion. Carleton College, Northfield, MN. 1972<br></br>M.A. Columbia University, New York; 1976, M.Phil. 1974<br></br>Ph.D. Columbia University. 1983<br></br></br>== Other Information ==</br>'''Contact Information:'''<br></br>M246 Gowen Hall <br></br>Box 353521<br></br>Seattle, WA 98195-3521<br></br>(206) 543-4965; Fax (206) 685-4268<br></br>collett@u.washington.edu<br></br>http://faculty.washington.edu/collett/<br></br>[http://depts.washington.edu/asianll/people/faculty/collett.html University webpage]<br></br></br>'''Research & Teaching Fields'''<br></br>Sanskrit, Pali, Indian Buddhism, Indian philosophy, religious studies<br></br></br>'''Recent publications:'''<br></br>[[Collett Cox]]. "[[From Category To Ontology: The Changing Role Of Dharma In Sarvāstivāda Abhidharma]]." [[Journal of Indian Philosophy]], 32, no. 5-6 (2004): 543-597</br></br>== Publications ==Journal of Indian Philosophy]], 32, no. 5-6 (2004): 543-597 == Publications ==)
    • Christopher J. Fynn  + (===Active Projects=== *Working as a consul===Active Projects===</br>*Working as a consultant for the [http://www.dzongkha.gov.bt/ Dzongkha Development Commission]</br>*[http://www.thlib.org/ Tibetan & Himalayan Library - Sections on Tibetan Script]</br>*[http://sites.google.com/site/chrisfynn2/tibetanscriptfonts/jomolhari Jomolhari Font]</br>*[https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/free-tibetan/ Free Tibetan Fonts Project]</br>===Some Previous Projects===</br>*Worked as a consultant for the National Library of Bhutan</br>*Bhutan National Digital Library</br>*Oversaw the text input for a new edition of Padma Lingpa's zab gter chos mdzod for HE Gangteng Tulku's Padmasambhava Project.</br>:([https://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/Christopher_Fynn Source: Chris Fynn, RyWiki Entry])</br>===Other Links===</br>*[http://sites.google.com/site/chrisfynn2/home/tibetanscriptfonts Tibetan script info]</br>*[http://sites.google.com/site/chrisfynn2/ Web site]</br>*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Cfynn Chris Fynn] at Wikimedia Commonski/User:Cfynn Chris Fynn] at Wikimedia Commons)
    • Vibhūticandra  + (A 12th to 13th century Indian scholar thatA 12th to 13th century Indian scholar that, like his teacher Śākyaśrībhadra, was active in Tibet. He wrote several works that are preserved in Tibetan translation, including a commentary on the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' in which he is also recorded as the translator.ich he is also recorded as the translator.)
    • Zhiyan  + (A Chinese priest who was active as a transA Chinese priest who was active as a translator from the fourth through the fifth century. Chih-yen went to Kashmir to seek Buddhist scriptures and study Buddhist doctrines. He returned to Ch'ang-an with Buddhabhadra and translated fourteen sutras. Later he went again to India, where he died. ([https://www.nichirenlibrary.org/en/dic/Content/C/45 Source Accessed Sep 1, 2021])Content/C/45 Source Accessed Sep 1, 2021]))
    • Je Yeshe Gyatso  + (A Gelukpa scholar from Chentsa Mani temple in Qinghai. He wrote a commentary on the ''Ultimate Continuum'' following Gyaltsap Je's interpretation.)
    • Saigyō  + (A Japanese Buddhist poet of the late HeianA Japanese Buddhist poet of the late Heian and early Kamakura periods, especially famous for his many waka poems, a traditional style of Japanese poetry; his dharma name literally means "Traveling West," presumably referring to the direction of the pure la n d of Amitābha. Born as Satō Norikiyo into a family of the warrior class, he served during his youth as a guard for the retired emperor Toba (r. 1107-1123) before becoming a monk at the age of twenty-two. Although relatively little is known about his life, Saigyō seems to have traveled around the country on pilgrimage before eventually settling in relative seclusion on Kōyasan, the headquarters of the Shingonshū. Virtually all of his poems are written in the thirty-one-syllable waka form favored at court and cover most of the traditional topics addressed in such poems, including travel, reclusion, cherry blossoms, and the beauty of the moon in the night sky. His poetry also reflects the desolation and despondency that Japanese of his time may have felt was inevitable during the degenerate age of the dharma (J. ''mappō''; C. ''mofa''). Saigyō's ''Sankashū'' ("Mountain Home Collection") includes some fifteen hundred poems written in the course of his career; ninety-four of these poems were included in the imperially sponsored waka collection, the ''Shinkokinshū'' ("New Collection of Ancient and Modern Times"), compiled in 1205, making him one of Japan’s most renowned and influential poets. (Source: "Saigyō." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 738. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)tp://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.))
    • Sangpuwa Lodrö Tsungme  + (A Kadam scholar from Sangpu Neutok Monastery who was known for his expertise in the Five Treatises of Maitreya. He was a contemporary of both Dölpopa and Butön and a teacher of the Sakya scholar Yakde Paṇchen and the Third Karmapa, Rangjung Dorje.)
    • Divyavajra Vajrācārya  + (A Newar Pandit, Divyavajra was born in theA Newar Pandit, Divyavajra was born in the family of a very well known Vajrāchārya family of Nila Vajra and Bal Kumari in Māhābaudha, Kathmandu, Nepal on ''Jestha 24th Astami'', 1976 Vikram Sambat (1919AD).</br></br>He tied up his married life with Miss Keshari, the daughter of Meer Subba Heera Man Vajrachrāya at the age of nine. They had four sons and five daughters.</br></br>Pandit Divyavajra's life consists of two phases: the first half dedicated to the traditional, herbal and naturalopathic (Ayurvedic) medicine and the second half to the preservation of Nepalese Buddhist philosophy and literature. Towards the end of first half period of his life (around the year 2013 VS/ 1956AD) he suffered from diabetes and tuberculosis. That forced him to stay away from his traditional profession of naturopathic treatment which he had started by establishing the Piyusvarshi Aushadhālaya (Medical Center) in Māhābaudha Tole, Kathmandu, Nepal in the year 2001 VS(1944AD). This change in his life had inspired him to study the Buddha's philosophy and to take a teaching job. In addition, he also taught the Pāli language to several Newar Buddhist monks.</br></br>Until the year 2010 (1953), he was very active in teaching naturalopathy by visiting villages such as Thaiba, Baregāũ etc in the valley, and opened the health related Ayurvedic traditional schools. Besides this, in 2017 VS(1960), he also coordinated the opening of the first National Museum in Kathmandu and in the same year, organized a health and vocational exhibition.</br></br>From the very beginning of his adulthood, his eyesight was very weak, however he was bold and possessed a sharp memory. He never gave up studying Buddhist texts. By the year 2036 (1979) he had recited the whole text of ''Avidharma'', and collected, translated and explained the Sanskrit Buddhist texts such as ''Bodhi Charyāvatār'', ''Langkāvatār'', and so on to the public. He became an advisory member to several Buddhist organizations and became the president of the Dharmodaya Sabha, the National Buddhist Association in Kathmandu, Nepal.([http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/jns/pdf/JNS_03.pdf Source Accessed Mar 15, 2021])/JNS_03.pdf Source Accessed Mar 15, 2021]))
    • Bhikshu Heng Ch'ien  + (A diligent, student and cultivator, DharmaA diligent, student and cultivator, Dharma Master Heng Ch'ien has been one of the foremost students to sit at the feet of the Venerable Tripitaka Master Hsuan Hua. He studied the Dharma Blossom Sutra for over five years, and has been explaining it for more than four. His understanding of the Sutra is deep and comprehensive, and his lectures have made the Sutra's principles clear and easy to understand. ([http://www.dharmasite.net/vbs28/28_7.htm Adapted from Source Oct 1, 2022])28_7.htm Adapted from Source Oct 1, 2022]))
    • Tsanyak Sherap Tharchin  + (A direct disciple of Nyakla Pema Dudul (1816–1872).)
    • Lhopa Kunkhyen Rinchen Pal  + (A direct student of Sakya Paṇḍita Kunga Gyaltsen (1182–1251), from whom he received detailed teachings on the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra''. He wrote a commentary on the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' as a synopsis of the teachings he had received from Sakya Paṇḍita.)
    • Wangchuk Rinchen  + (A disciple of Latö Könchok Khar, he became the abbot of Nering.)
    • Jamyang Gönpo  + (A disciple of Lorepa, Jamyang Gonpo was the main transmitter of the Lower Drukpa school. He was also an important teacher of the Chod tradition.)
    • Troshul Khenpo Jampal Dorje  + (A disciple of Mipam Gyatso and author of a commentary on ''The Beacon of Certainty'' (''Nges shes rin po che'i sgron me'') titled ''Nges shes rin po che'i sgron me'i rnam bshad 'od zer dri med''.)
    • Dharmaruci  + (A fifth-century monk from Central Asia. InA fifth-century monk from Central Asia. In 405 he went to Ch'ang-an in China. He completed the Chinese translation of The Ten Divisions of Monastic Rules with Kumārajīva. Kumārajīva and Punyatāra earlier had begun to translate this work from Sanskrit into Chinese, but due to Punyatāra's death the translation had been suspended. Upon the request of the priest Hui-yüan and the ruler Yao Hsing of the Later Ch'in dynasty, Dharmaruchi, who was well versed in rules of monastic discipline, completed the translation with Kumārajīva. Later aspiring to disseminate the rules of monastic discipline to areas where they were still unknown, he embarked on a journey. His life after that is not known. ([https://www.nichirenlibrary.org/en/dic/Content/D/59 Source Accessed Aug 27, 2021])ontent/D/59 Source Accessed Aug 27, 2021]))
    • Śaṅkara  + (A highly influential Vedāntic thinker and A highly influential Vedāntic thinker and exegete. Now credited with the founding of the Advaita Vedānta tradition, he has been promoted by many, particularly in the modern era, as the greatest Hindu philosopher. Nothing is known of his life beyond the hagiographies; these portray him as a brahmin from the small village of Kālati in Kerala who became a saṃnyāsin at the age of seven. According to the tradition, his guru was called Govindapāda and his paramaguru (his teacher's teacher) was Gauḍapāda. (Gauḍapāda was the reputed author of the earliest identifiable Advaita text, the Gauḍapādīya Kārikā, the basis of a commentary attributed to Śaṅkara.) The boy Śaṅkara moved to Vārāṇasī, where he acquired his own pupils, including Padmapāda and Sureśvara. Moving again, to Badrinātha, he composed the earliest surviving commentary on the Brahmasūtras, supposedly while still only twelve years old. Thereafter, he led the life of a peripatetic debater and teacher, before dying at the age of 32 in the Himālayas. During his period of wandering he is supposed to have founded an India-wide network of Advaitin monasteries, each with its associated order of saṃnyāsins, later identified as the Daśanāmis. There is some evidence, however, that these maṭhas may have been established much later in the history of Advaita, and it should be noted that while the Daśanāmis have a markedly Śaiva affiliation, it is likely that Śaṅkara himself was born into a smārta Vaiṣṇava family. Nevertheless, by around the 10th century ce, through the advocacy of his pupils, and various subcommentators, and the critical response of rival schools, Śaṅkara had become established as the major proponent of Advaita, and a large number of works, both philosophical and devotional began to be attributed to him. Most scholars now agree that only a small proportion of these texts should be unreservedly accepted as the work of the 8th-century Śaṅkara. Apart from one independent text, the Upadeśasāhasrī (‘Thousand Teachings’), these are all commentaries (bhāṣyas), namely: the Brahmasūtrabhāṣya (also known as the Śārīrakabhāṣya), bhāṣyas on the Bṛhadāraṅyaka and Taittirīya Upaniṣads, and (probably) the Bhagavadgītā, as well as the commentary on the Gauḍapādīya Kārikā (itself a commentary on the Māṇḍūkya Upaniṣad). Some scholars also regard commentaries on the other major Upaniṣads (with the possible exception of the Śvetāśvatara) as genuine. ([https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100440958 Source Accessed Mar 4, 2022])803100440958 Source Accessed Mar 4, 2022]))
    • Judith Amtzis  + (A long term student of the Dharma, Judith A long term student of the Dharma, Judith met both Holiness Pema Norbu Rinpoche and Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche in 1976, and has lived in Asia since then, primarily in Kathmandu, Nepal. On the request of Holiness Penor Rinpoche, she collaborated with Khenpo Sonam Tsewang of Namdroling Monastery in Mysore to translate the Liberation Story of Namcho Migyur Dorje, the terton who discovered the treasures that make up the core of the Palyul tradition. This biography is entitled ''The All-Pervading Melodious Sound of Thunder'', and was written by the first Karma Chagme Rinpoche. ([http://levekunst.com/team_member/judith-amtzis/ Adapted from Source July 20, 2022])mtzis/ Adapted from Source July 20, 2022]))
    • Ann Helm  + (A long–term student of Chogyam Trungpa RinA long–term student of Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche, Ann joined the Nalanda Translation Committee in 1986. She studied Tibetan at Naropa University, mainly with Dzigar Kongtrul, and she taught Tibetan and Foundations of Buddhism at Naropa from 1991-2004. After 30 years in Boulder, Ann lived as a retreatant for eight years at Padma Samye Ling, the monastery in upstate New York of Khenchen Palden Sherab and Khenpo Tsewang Dongyal. From 1997 to 2014, she translated primarily with Ringu Tulku and for Dharma Samudra, the Khenpo Brothers’ publication group. In 2014 Ann moved to Portland, Oregon, where she continues her Buddhist practice and study under the guidance of Yongey Mingyur Rinpoche. ([http://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/Ann_Helm Source Accessed Sept 9, 2020])hp/Ann_Helm Source Accessed Sept 9, 2020]))
    • Damtsik Dorje Drakpa Pal  + (A master born in Khal Kha (Mongolia). His A master born in Khal Kha (Mongolia). His teachers included Blo bzang dge legs bstan 'dzin, Tshe dbang skyabs mchog, Bsod nams rgya mtsho, and Chos kyi rdo rje. His students included Skal bzang ye shes, Blo bzang bstan 'dzin dpal 'byor, Blo bzang yon tan, and Bsod nams rgya mtsho.o bzang yon tan, and Bsod nams rgya mtsho.)
    • Chogye Trichen Rinpoche  + (A modern Tibetan biography is available onA modern Tibetan biography is available on [https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=W1KG17214 BDRC W1KG17214 ]: bco brgyad khri chen rin po che'i mdzad rnam mdor bsdus. Edited by Yon tan bzang po (P5949). Kathmandu, Nepal: Sachen International, 2008. </br></br>His Eminence Chogye Trichen Rinpoche, Ngawang Khyenrab Thupten Lekshe Gyatso, is the most senior Sakya Lama and the head of the Tsar sub-school of Sakya tradition. His Eminence is a renowned tantric master, a dedicated practitioner, an outstanding scholar, an eloquent poet, and embodies the wisdom, spirit and activities of the holy Dharma. His Eminence is a master of masters as most Tibetan Buddhist lineage holders are his disciples. Amongst these disciples are His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, and His Holiness the 41st Sakya Trizin, Ngawang Kunga, and His Eminence is regarded as the definitive authority on Kalacakra Tantra. In addition to His Eminence's stature among Tibetan lamas, the late King Birendra of Nepal awarded His Eminence "Gorkha Dakshin Babu", a tribute which has never been awarded to a Buddhist monk in Nepal before.</br></br>Born in 1919 in the Tsang province of Central Tibet into the Zhalu Kushang family of the Che clan, a lineage descended from the clear light gods, he was recognized as the reincarnation of the previous Chogye Rinpoche of Nalendra Monastery by the 13th Dalai Lama, Thupten Gyatso. Many auspicious and marveleous signs accompanied His Eminence's birth. His Eminence is the 26th patriarch of Phenpo Nalendra Monastery, North of Lhasa. Founded by Rongton Sheja Kunrig (1367-1449), Nalendra is one of the most important Sakya monasteries in Tibet. Wondrously, each generation of the Kushang family has produced no less than four sons, most of who have served as throne holders of many important monasteries including Nalendra, Zhalu and Ngor.</br></br>The name "Kushang" meaning 'royal maternal uncle' derived from the fact that many daughters from the family were married to numerous Sakya throne holders, one of whom, Drogon Chagna, was supreme ruler of Tibet, who succeeded Chogyal Phakpa.</br></br>The name "Chogye" means 'Eighteen' and comes from the time of Khyenrab Choje, the 8th abbot of Nalendra who also belonged to the aristocratic Kushang family. Khyenrab Choje, a great teacher possessing the direct lineage of Kalacakra received from Vajrayogini, was invited to be the abbot of Nalendra by Sakya Trizin Dagchen Lodro Gyaltsen (1444-1495). Khyenrab Choje visited the Emperor of China who was greatly impressed by the tantric scholar from Tibet and bestowed on him 'eighteen' precious gifts. From Khyenrab Choje the lineage of Chogye Rinpoches began.</br></br>At the age of twelve His Eminence was officially enthroned at the Phenpo Nalendra Monastery. In these early years he studied intensively all the basic liturgies and rituals of Nalendra Monastery. His two main root Gurus were the 4th Zimwog Tulku, Ngawang Tenzin Thrinley Norbu Palzangpo, the other main incarnate lama of Nalendra Monastery, and Dampa Rinpoche Shenphen Nyingpo of Ngor Ewam. From these two great teachers His Eminence recieved all the major and minor teachings of Sakya such as the two Lamdre Traditions, the Greater and Lesser Mahakalas, the Four Tantras, the Thirteen Golden Dharmas, Kalacakra, etc. His Eminence completed extensive studies in all major fields of study taught in Lord Buddha's teachings. His Eminence becomes a master in both Sutrayana and Mantrayana teachings. His Eminence is also a great scholar of literature, poetry, history and Buddhist metaphysics and a highly accomplished poet. ([https://www.yuloling.com/khacho-yulo-ling/spiritual-leaders/his-eminence-chogye-trichen-rinpoche.html Source Accessed June 16, 2020])poche.html Source Accessed June 16, 2020]))