Property:EncodedPosEmptyLuminNotes
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%22The+%5Bbuddha%5D+element+in+sentient+beings+makes+enlightenment+attainable.+This+enlightenment+is+attained+gradually+and+not+instantaneously...%22+%5B%5BMathes%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%5B%5BA+Direct+Path+to+the+Buddha+Within%5D%5D%2C+p.+42. +
%2A+%22The+tath%C4%81gata+heart%E2%80%99s+own+essence+is+not+a+nonimplicative+negation+but+is+the+element+of+basic+awareness.%22+%5B%5BBrunnh%C3%B6lzl%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BWhen+the+Clouds+Part%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+69.%0A%0A%2A+%22The+determination+of+the+ultimate+as+buddha+nature+or+natural+luminosity+in+the+third+dharmacakra+is+taken+to+be+the+direct+mah%C4%81mudr%C4%81+approach+to+the+nature+of+mind.+This+approach+is+not+really+different+from+the+emptiness+of+the+second+dharmacakra.+While+the+analytical+methods+of+the+second+dharmacakra+deflate+all+concepts%2C+coarse+and+subtle%2C+about+things%2C+the+third+one+purifies+phenomenal+appearances+that+hinder+the+proper+perception+of+buddha+nature.%22++%5B%5BMathes%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BA+Direct+Path+to+the+Buddha+Within%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+373.%0A%0A%2A+%22In+the+third+dharmacakra%2C+the+scope+of+such+a+nonaffirming+negation+is+restricted+to+the+adventitious+stains%2C+whose+lack+of+an+own-being+has+been+established+by+inferential+valid+cognitions.+The+ultimate+that+is+beyond+the+intellect+is+taken+to+be+the+emptiness+that+is+buddha+nature%2C+or+the+element+of+awareness.%22+%5B%5BMathes%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BA+Direct+Path+to+the+Buddha+Within%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+374. +
A
More+specifically+he+asserts+that+buddha-nature+is+equivalent+to+the+selflessness+of+the+dharmat%C4%81.+This+is+not+exactly+the+same+as+buddha-nature+%3D+emptiness.+Kano+explains+that+this+is+a+precursor+to+that+position.+%5B%5BKano%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%5B%5BBuddha-Nature+and+Emptiness%5D%5D%2C+p.+111+et+passim. +
%22Atisa+explains+%E2%80%9Cthe+innate+%C5%9B%C4%ABla%22+abiding+in+every+being+as+a+cause+that+brings+one+attainment+%28i.e.+nirv%C4%81%E1%B9%87a%29%2C+but+as+being+covered+with+defilements+in+the+state+of+ordinary+beings.+He+takes+it+as+synonymous+with+Buddha-nature+or+the+mah%C4%81y%C4%81nagotra.%22+%5B%5BKano%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%5B%5BBuddha-Nature+and+Emptiness%5D%5D%2C+p.+101. +
B
%22In+his+commentary+on+RGV+I.3%2C+bCom-ldan-ral-gri+defines+Buddha-nature+as+%E2%80%9Cthe+natural+luminous+mind+that+is+inseparable+from+%27%27dharmat%C4%81%27%27%2C%E2%80%9D+and%2C+glossing+RGV+1.153%2C+states%3A+%E2%80%9Cthe+ultimate+truth%2C+which+is+unconditioned+and+primordially+existent+by+itself%2C+is+the+element+%28i.e.+Buddha-nature%29.%E2%80%9D+%5B%5BKano%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BBuddha-Nature+and+Emptiness%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+342.+%28see+also+Ibid.+p.+315.%29 +
%22Thus%2C+from+the+point+of+view+of+emptiness%2C+buddha+nature+is+the+empty+dharmadh%C4%81tu+%28the+object%29+and+from+the+point+of+view+of+appearance%2C+it+is+the+wisdom+%28the+subject%29+that+is+not+empty+of+the+inseparable+qualities+of+a+buddha.+Both+these+aspects+are+inseparable+and+are+empty+of+the+adventitious+stains+that+represent+the+delusive+appearances+of+sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra.%22+%5B%5BBrunnh%C3%B6lzl%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BWhen+the+Clouds+Part%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+75. +
%2A%5B%5BKano.+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BBuddha-Nature+and+Emptiness%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+242%2C+footnote+4.+Van+der+Kuijp+via+Shakya+mchog+ldan.%0A%2AMathes+cites+G%C3%B6+Lots%C4%81wa+as+stating%2C+%22The+followers+of+the+tradition+of+Tsen+%28Btsan%29+maintain+that+since+the+luminous+nature+of+mind+is+the+buddha+nature%2C+the+cause+of+buddha%5Bhood%5D+is+fertile%22+%5B%5BMathes%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BA+Direct+Path+to+the+Buddha+Within%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+33.%0A%2A%22According+to+BA%2C+those+who+follow+the+tradition+of+Dsen+Kawoch%C3%A9+%28Tib.+Btsan+Kha+bo+che%29+hold+that+since+the+tath%C4%81gata+heart+is+the+naturally+luminous+nature+of+the+mind%2C+it+is+the+powerful+vital+cause+of+buddhahood.+TOK+agrees%2C+saying+that%2C+according+to+the+Eighth+Situpa%2C+the+texts+in+Dsen+Kawoch%C3%A9%E2%80%99s+lineage+accepted+a+really+established%2C+self-aware%2C+self-luminous+cognition+empty+of+the+duality+of+apprehender+and+apprehended+to+be+the+powerful+vital+cause+of+buddhahood.%22+%5B%5BBrunnh%C3%B6lzl%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BWhen+the+Clouds+Part%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+65.%0A%2AKarl+Brunnh%C3%B6lzl+cites+ShAkya+mchog+ldan%3A+%22The+sugata+heart+is+the+naturally+pure+wisdom%2C+luminous+by+nature%2C+that+pervades+everyone+from+buddhas+to+sentient+beings.%22+%5B%5BBrunnh%C3%B6lzl%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%5B%5BWhen+the+Clouds+Part%5D%5D%2C+p.+124. +
Specifically%2C+he+sees+buddha-nature+as+referring+only+to+the+dharmak%C4%81ya+of+a+fully+enlightened+buddha.%0A%2A%22Taking+the+reverse+position+of+the+Gelugpas+on+this%2C+both+But%C3%B6n+and+his+student+and+commentator+Drats%C3%A9pa+Rinchen+Namgyal+%281318%E2%80%931388%29+identify+the+actual+tath%C4%81gata+heart+as+being+solely+the+final+fruition+of+buddhahood.%22+%5B%5BBrunnh%C3%B6lzl%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BWhen+the+Clouds+Part%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+67.%0A%2A%22Bu-ston+and+his+disciple+sGra-tshad-pa+assert+that+Buddha-nature+should+be+understood+only+in+its+resultant+aspect%2C+namely+as+only+the+dharmak%C4%81ya+of+a+buddha.%22+%5B%5BKano%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BBuddha-Nature+and+Emptiness%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+343. +
C
%22Buddha+nature+was+taught+merely+as+a+means+of+temporarily+easing+ordinary+persons+of+their+fear+of+selflessness+and+of+attracting+non-Buddhists.%22+%5B%5BKano%2C+K.%5D%5D+%5B%5BBuddha-Nature+and+Emptiness%5D%5D%2C+p.+9. +
D
%22He+typically+describes+both+buddha+nature+and+the+dharmak%C4%81ya+as+being+ultimately+really+established%2C+everlasting%2C+eternal%2C+permanent%2C+immutable+%28%27%27ther+zug%27%27%29%2C+and+being+beyond+dependent+origination.+He+also+equates+the+tath%C4%81gata+heart+with+%E2%80%9C%C4%81laya-wisdom%E2%80%9D+as+opposed+to+the+%C4%81laya-consciousness.%22+%5B%5BBrunnh%C3%B6lzl%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BWhen+the+Clouds+Part%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+68. +
G
%22In+the+later+Sakya+School%2C+it+is+the+works+of+Gorampa+S%C3%B6nam+Seng%C3%A9+%281429%E2%80%931489%29+that+are+usually+taken+to+be+authoritative.+According+to+him%2C+the+tath%C4%81gata+heart+refers+to+the+nondual+unity+of+mind%E2%80%99s+lucidity+and+emptiness+or+awareness+and+emptiness+free+from+all+reference+points.+It+is+not+mere+emptiness+because+sheer+emptiness+cannot+be+the+basis+of+both+sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra+and+nirv%C4%81%E1%B9%87a.+However%2C+it+is+not+mere+lucidity+either+because+this+lucidity+is+a+conditioned+entity+and+the+tath%C4%81gata+heart+is+unconditioned.%22+%5B%5BBrunnh%C3%B6lzl%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%5B%5BWhen+the+Clouds+Part%5D%5D%2C+p.+76. +
%22Gro-lung-pa+appears+elsewhere+in+the+same+text+to+endorse+rNgog%E2%80%99s+idea+of+tathat%C4%81+as+emptiness%2C+and+follows+rNgog%E2%80%99s+position+with+regard+to+the+ineffability+of+the+ultimate.%22+%5B%5BKano%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%5B%5BBuddha-Nature+and+Emptiness%5D%5D%2C+p.+340. +
%2A%5B%5BWangchuk%2C+Tsering%5D%5D.+%27%27%5B%5BThe+Uttaratantra+in+the+Land+of+Snows%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+32.%0A%0A%2A%22One+of+the+central+doctrinal+points+of+Blo-gros-mtshungs-med%E2%80%99s+position+is+the+two+modes+of+Buddha-nature%3A+the+gnosis+aspect+and+sphere+aspect.+Under+the+former%2C+Buddha-nature+is+existent+in+terms+of+its+qualities%2C+while+under+the+latter+it+is+empty+in+terms+of+its+mode+of+existence.+%5B%5BKano%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BBuddha-Nature+and+Emptiness%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+336. +
J
%22...He+states+that+Buddha-nature+was+taught+in+order+to+attract+those+who+fear+emptiness.+%5B%5BKano%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%5B%5BBuddha-Nature+and+Emptiness%5D%5D%2C+pp.+150-151. +
There+are+different+takes+on+what+is+view+was%3A%0A%2AKarl+includes+him+in+the+category+of+those+assert+buddha-nature+to+be+Mind%27s+Luminous+Nature.+Stating%2C+%22J%C3%B1%C4%81na%C5%9Br%C4%ABmitra+cites+%27%27Uttaratantra%27%27+I.154+and+RGVV+and+explains+that+real+aspects+are+mental+forms+that+have+the+nature+of+being+appearances+of+lucidity+%28%27%27prak%C4%81%C5%9Bar%C5%ABpa%27%27%29%2C+which+he+equates+with+buddha+nature%E2%80%94the+tath%C4%81gata+element+%28%27%27tath%C4%81gatadh%C4%81tu%27%27%29.%22+%5B%5BBrunnh%C3%B6lzl%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BWhen+the+Clouds+Part%5D%5D%27%27%2Cpp.+57-58.%0A%2AHowever%2C+Kano+suggests+his+view+is+is+that+buddha-nature+shares+features+%28or+coincides%29+with+emptiness+and+is+a+property+%28%27%27dharma%27%27%29+of+the+image+%28%27%27%C4%81k%C4%81ra%27%27%29%2C+which+in+turn+is+its+possessor+%28%27%27dharmin%27%27%29.+In+this+he+was+a+precursor+to+Ngok%27s+innovative+equation+of+buddha-nature+%3D+emptiness.+See++%5B%5BKano%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%5B%5BBuddha-Nature+and+Emptiness%5D%5D%2C+p.+61. +
K
Though+he+might+be+an+early+antecedent+to+the+position+that+combines+emptiness+and+luminosity%2C+Brunnh%C3%B6lzl+counts+him+among+those+that+hold+this+position.%0A%2A%22One+should+add+here+Kamala%C5%9B%C4%ABla%E2%80%99s+%28c.+740%E2%80%93795%29+%27%27Madhyamak%C4%81loka%27%27%2C+which+takes+the+tath%C4%81gata+heart+to+be+natural+luminosity+but+defines+the+latter+as+the+dharmadh%C4%81tu+characterized+by+twofold+identitylessness%3A+%22This+statement+%E2%80%9CAll+sentient+beings+possess+the+tath%C4%81gata+heart%E2%80%9D+teaches+that+all+are+suitable+to+attain+the+state+of+unsurpassable+completely+perfect+awakening+since+it+is+held+that+the+term+tath%C4%81gata+expresses+that+the+dharmadh%C4%81tu%2C+which+is+characterized+by+personal+and+phenomenal+identitylessness%2C+is+natural+luminosity.%22+%5B%5BBrunnh%C3%B6lzl%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%5B%5BWhen+the+Clouds+Part%5D%5D%2C+p.+56. +
%2A%22The+tath%C4%81gata+heart+is+mind%E2%80%99s+luminous+ultimate+nature+or+nondual+wisdom%2C+which+is+the+basis+of+everything+in+sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra+and+nirv%C4%81%E1%B9%87a.+Its+essence+is+empty%2C+its+nature+is+lucid%2C+and+its+display+is+unimpeded+%28this+is+also+how+the+nature+of+the+mind+is+presented+in+the+Mah%C4%81mudr%C4%81+tradition%2C+and+the+Karmapa%E2%80%99s+commentary+on+the+%27%27Dharmadh%C4%81tustava%27%27+indeed+equates+the+tath%C4%81gata+heart+with+Mah%C4%81mudr%C4%81%29.%22+%5B%5BBrunnh%C3%B6lzl%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BWhen+the+Clouds+Part%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+72.%0A%2AAnother+take+on+this+is+found+in+%5B%5BMathes%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BA+Direct+Path+to+the+Buddha+Within%5D%5D%27%27%2C+pp.+51-54%2C+in+which+he+seems+to+suggest+that+his+views+are+more+inclined+to+view+it+as+the+dharmadh%C4%81tu%2C+which+is+equivalent+to+dharmak%C4%81ya.%0A%2A%22This+becomes+clear+from+an+answer+to+a+rhetorical+question+in+the+autocommentary+of+the+Zab+mo+nang+gi+don%3A%0AQuestion%3A+How+are+the+properties+of+purification+produced%3F%0AThey+are+supported+by+buddha+nature%2C+%5Bin+as+much+as%5D+it+is+the+dharmak%C4%81ya+of+the+above-mentioned+purity+of+mind.%22+%5B%5BMathes%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BA+Direct+Path+to+the+Buddha+Within%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+58. +
%22He+also+describes+an+%E2%80%9Cultimate+universal+ground%E2%80%9D+%28%27%27don+gyi+kun+gzhi%27%27%29+in+his+autocommentary+of+his+%27%27Wish-Fulfilling+Treasury%27%27%3A+%E2%80%9CThe+basic+element+is+called+%E2%80%98the+ultimate+universal+ground%E2%80%99+because+it+co-exists+with+the+unconditioned+qualities+of+the+naturally+pure+nirv%C4%81na.%E2%80%9D++He+says+that+this+ground+is+the+support+for+both+sams%C4%81ra+and+nirv%C4%81na%2C+and+identifies+it+with+Buddha-nature%3A+Due+to+abiding+as+the+expanse+neither+conjoined+with+nor+separable+from+the+exalted+body+and+wisdom%2C+it+is+Buddha-nature%3B+due+to+supporting+all+phenomena+of+sams%C4%81ra+and+nirv%C4%81na%2C+it+is+the+abiding+reality+called+%E2%80%9Cthe+ultimate+universal+ground%E2%80%9D%3B+it+is+unconditioned+and+abides+as+the+great+primordial+purity...%22+%5B%5BDuckworth%2C+D.%5D%5D%2C+%5B%5BMipam+on+Buddha-Nature%5D%5D%2C+p.+104. +
M
%22YDC+clearly+subscribes+to+the+disclosure+model+of+buddha+nature%2C+asserting+that+the+stainless+tath%C4%81gata+heart+adorned+with+all+major+and+minor+marks+as+well+as+awakening+exists+in+all+beings%2C+refuting+that+the+reality+of+cessation+is+a+nonimplicative+negation%2C+and+denying+the+position+that+the+fully+qualified+sugata+heart+exists+solely+on+the+buddhabh%C5%ABmi%2C+while+it+is+only+nominal+at+the+time+of+sentient+beings.%22+%5B%5BBrunnh%C3%B6lzl%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BWhen+the+Clouds+Part%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+310. +
Though+Mipam+clearly+presents+several+different+perspectives+on+this+issue%3A%0A%2A+%22Mipam+states+that+the+basic+element+%28Buddha-nature%29+is+empty+of+adventitious+defilements%2C+yet+not+empty+of+consummate+qualities.+These+consummate+qualities+are+inseparable+from+the+suchness+of+phenomena+that+is+luminous+clarity+and+self-existing+wisdom.%22+%5B%5BDuckworth%2C+D.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BMipam+on+Buddha-Nature%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+18.%0A%0A%2A+%22Mipam%E2%80%99s+two+models+of+two+truths+support+his+interpretation+of+the+compatibility+of+emptiness+and+Buddha-nature.+The+indivisibility+of+the+two+truths%2C+empty+appearance%2C+is+Buddha-nature%3B+and+the+unity+of+appearance+and+emptiness+is+what+is+known+in+authentic+experience.%22+%5B%5BDuckworth%2C+D.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BMipam+on+Buddha-Nature%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+26.%0A%0A%2A%22In+his+%27%27Trilogy+of+Innate+Mind%27%27%2C+Mipam+also+calls+this+suchness+of+mind+%E2%80%9CBuddhanature%E2%80%9D%3A+%E2%80%9CExisting+in+the+minds+of+all+sentient+beings+in+the+manner+of+suchness+on+the+occasion+when+obscurations+dwell+as+suitable+to+be+removed%2C+it+is+called+%E2%80%98Buddha-nature%E2%80%99+because+when+this+suchness+of+mind+is+realized%2C+one+becomes+a+Buddha.%E2%80%9D+The+suchness%2C+or+nature%2C+of+mind+is+Buddha-naure.%0ASelf-existing+wisdom+is+simply+made+manifest%3B+it+is+not+produced+by+a+cause.%22+%5B%5BDuckworth%2C+D.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BMipam+on+Buddha-Nature%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+100.%0A%0A%2A%22Mipam+also+refers+to+Buddha-nature+as+the+abiding+reality+of+the+%E2%80%9Cground+of+the+primeval+beginning%E2%80%9D+%28ye+thog+gi+gzhi%29+in+his+Trilogy+of+Innate+Mind%3A+Buddha-nature+is+not+a+mere+absence%3B+it+is+emptiness+and+luminous+clarity.+It+is+the+abiding+reality+of+the+ground+of+the+primeval+beginning+of+all+phenomena%2C+the+abiding+reality+that+is+the+indivisible+truth+of+unity%E2%80%94emptiness+endowed+with+all+supreme+aspects+%28rnam+kun+mchog+ldan+gyi+stong+nyid%29.%22+%5B%5BDuckworth%2C+D.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BMipam+on+Buddha-Nature%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+105.%0A%0A%2A%22In+his+%27%27Lion%E2%80%99s+Roar%3A+Exposition+of+Buddha-Nature%27%27%2C+Mipam+describes+the+essence+of+the+Buddha-nature+as+follows%3A+%E2%80%9CThe+essence+of+the+Buddha-nature+itself+is+free+from+all+conceptual+constructs+such+as+existence+and+nonexistence%2C+permanence+and+annihilation%3B+it+is+the+equality+of+the+single+sphere+of+indivisible+truth.%E2%80%9D+%5B%5BDuckworth%2C+D.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BMipam+on+Buddha-Nature%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+107.%0A%0A%2AIn+conclusion+Duckworth+sums+up+Mipam%27s+view+as+such%2C+%22Since+he+depicts+Buddha-nature+with+the+qualities+of+the+Buddha+present+at+the+time+of+a+sentient+being%2C+his+presentation+shares+an+important+feature+with+the+Jonang+tradition.+His+interpretation+also+shares+a+quality+with+the+Geluk+tradition%2C+given+that+he+equates+Buddha-nature+with+emptiness.+However%2C+Mipam%E2%80%99s+integration+of+Buddha-nature+and+emptiness+most+directly+reflects+Longchenpa%E2%80%99s+description+of+the+ground+of+the+Great+Perfection%2C+the+pinnacle+of+Buddhist+vehicles+in+his+Nyingma+tradition%2C+where+Buddha-nature+represents+the+unity+of+primordial+purity+and+spontaneous+presence.%22+%5B%5BDuckworth%2C+D.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BMipam+on+Buddha-Nature%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+115.