Property:EncodedGlossary-Senses
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D
The+ultimate+source+of+phenomenal+appearances%2C+or+the+basic+nature+which+allows+for+phenomena+to+arise+in+all+their+multiplicity.+It+is+often+treated+as+a+synonym+for+emptiness+and+the+ultimate+truth. +
Although+this+term+is+sometimes+rendered+into+English+as+%E2%80%9Ctruth+body%2C%E2%80%9D+dharmak%C4%81ya+seems+to+have+originally+been+meant+to+refer+to+the+entire+corpus+%28%27%27k%C4%81ya%27%27%29+of+the+Buddha%E2%80%99s+transcendent+qualities+%28%27%27dharma%27%27%29.+%28%27%27The+Princeton+Dictionary+of+Buddhism%27%27%2C+p.+242%29 +
A+term+that+has+numerous+meanings+depending+on+the+context%2C+including+physical+realms+or+regions%2C+the+%28five%29+elements%2C+as+well+as+aspects+of+the+sense+organs%2C+bases%2C+and+fields.+In+terms+of+buddha-nature+theory%2C+it+is+often+treated+as+synonymous+with+terms+like+%27%27gotra%27%27+and+%27%27garbha%27%27+or+even+as+equivalents+of+buddha-nature+itself%2C+such+as+%27%27sugatagarbha%27%27. +
The+practical+approach+to+gaining+incontrovertible+conceptual+certainty+is+called+analytical+meditation+or+superior+insight.+%28%5B%5BBrunnh%C3%B6lzl%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BThe+Center+of+the+Sunlit+Sky%5D%5D%27%27%2C+29%29%0A%0A%22Another+division+of+meditation+is+into+%E2%80%9Cthe+analytical+meditation+of+scholars%E2%80%9D+and+%E2%80%9Cthe+resting+meditation+of+mendicants%2C%E2%80%9D+or+simply+analytical+meditation+and+resting+meditation.+The+analytical+meditation+of+scholars+refers+to+the+intellectual+examination+of+all+phenomena+through+reasoning.+There+are+two+key+terms+here%3A+%E2%80%9Cdiscriminating+knowledge%E2%80%9D+and+%E2%80%9Cpersonally+experienced+wisdom.%E2%80%9D+The+first+step+in+this+analytical+meditation+is+to+cultivate+discriminating+knowledge.+This+refers+to+all+the+levels+of+increasingly+refined+inferential+valid+cognition+that+are+based+on+reasoning+and+developed+through+studying%2C+reflecting%2C+and+meditating.%22+%28%5B%5BBrunnh%C3%B6lzl%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BThe+Center+of+the+Sunlit+Sky%5D%5D%27%27%2C+279%29%0A%0A%22The+general+scope+of+analytical+meditation+encompasses+all+of+the+teachings+of+the+Buddha%2C+starting+from+contemplating+impermanence+and+the+preciousness+of+human+existence+up+through+ascertaining+the+two+kinds+of+identitylessness.+Resting+meditation+includes+all+types+of+meditations+in+which+the+conclusions+achieved+through+preceding+investigation+become+absorbed+by+the+mind.%22+%28%5B%5BBrunnh%C3%B6lzl%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BThe+Center+of+the+Sunlit+Sky%5D%5D%27%27%2C+281%29 +
Dzogchen%2C+or+Great+Perfection%2C+refers+more+specifically+to+the+nature+of+awareness%2C+which+is+the+innate+state+of+perfect+enlightenment+latent+in+the+mind.+More+broadly%2C+it+refers+to+the+associated+system+of+teachings%2C+theories%2C+and+practices. +
E
G
%27%27Gotra%27%27+is+used+in+Buddhist+literature+in+a+wide+variety+of+ways.+In+Yog%C4%81c%C4%81ra+it+is+used+in+the+sense+of+family%2C+lineage%2C+or+type+to+classify+beings+according+to+their+innate+capacity+for+progress+on+the+path+to+enlightenment. +
H
The+term+was+used+mainly+by+the+proponents+of+the+Greater+Vehicle%2C+who+considered+the+goals%2C+understanding%2C+practices%2C+methods%2C+and+results+of+this+school+as+being+lesser+in+scope. +
I
Individuals+who+are+so+consumed+by+their+desires+or+by+a+particular+lifestyle+that+they+would+never+even+consider+the+need+for+self-improvement.+Therefore%2C+they+have+no+interest+in+following+any+spiritual+path%2C+let+alone+the+path+to+liberation. +
K
All+things+in+Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na+and+Vajray%C4%81na+Buddhism+are+said+to+be+primordially+empty+and+thus+pure+and+free+from+extremes+and+defilements.+More+specifically%2C+primordial+purity+refers+to+the+nature+of+consciousness+or+buddha-nature%2C+which+is+empty+by+nature+but+endowed+with+spontaneous+luminosity.+Primordial+purity+is+the+empty+aspect+of+the+buddha-nature+which+is+primordially+present+in+all+beings. +
The+Marpa+Kagyu+%28%27%27mar+pa+bka%E2%80%99+brgyud%27%27%29+tradition+originated+in+the+eleventh+century+with+the+Tibetan+translator+Marpa+Chokyi+Lodro%2C+who+studied+in+India+with+N%C4%81ropa.+Marpa%E2%80%99s+disciple+Milarepa+famously+attained+enlightenment+in+the+caves+of+southern+Tibet+after+renouncing+a+life+of+violent+revenge%3B+his+disciple+Gampopa+merged+the+lay+siddha+practice+of+his+master+with+the+Kadampa+monasticism+and+scholarship+that+he+had+previously+studied.+Gampopa+founded+the+first+Kagyu+monastery%2C+Daklha+Gampo%2C+in+southern+Tibet.+Following+Gampopa+the+tradition+split+into+multiple+autonomous+subsects+known+as+the+four+primary+%28Barom%2C+Pakdru%2C+Karma%2C+and+Tselpa%29%2C+and+eight+secondary+traditions+%28Drigung%2C+Drukpa%2C+Martsang%2C+Shukseb%2C+Taklung%2C+Tropu%2C+Yabzang%2C+and+Yelpa+Kagyu%29.+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Ftreasuryoflives.org%2Ftradition%2FMarpa-Kagyu+Read+more+at+Treasury+of+Lives%5D +
A+highly+influential+and+important+Tantric+corpus+throughout+Tibetan+Buddhism%2C+especially+for+the+Sakya%2C+Geluk%2C+and+Jonang+traditions. +
L
Lam+rim+has+the+sense+of+gradual+or+graded+practice+starting+from+basic+techniques+to+cultivate+the+thoughts+of+renunciation%2C+compassion+and+loving+kindness%2C+etc.+to+insight+into+ultimate+emptiness. +
M
It+has+a+sense+of+being+the+binding+force+and+refers+to+the+reality+of+all+things.+Just+as+a+seal+makes+a+document+binding%2C+reality+binds+all+things%2C+including+our+understanding+of+the+true+nature+of+things.+It+also+refers+to+a+symbolic+gesture. +
Mah%C4%81yoga+is+great+or+supreme+with+respect+to+outer+tantras+and+focuses+on+the+skill-in-means%2C+thus+mainly+refers+to+what+are+known+as+male+tantras. +
It+is+known+as+the+Great+Vehicle+in+comparison+to+the+earlier+schools+of+Buddhism+which+aimed+only+to+reach+individual+liberation.+Thus%2C+this+system+claims+to+be+superior+to+the+early+Buddhist+schools+in+terms+of+the+philosophical+understanding+of+reality+and+the+moral+scope+of+rescuing+all+sentient+beings. +
N
According+to+Ives+Waldo%2C+it+is+similar+to+%27%27rang+bzhin%27%27%2C+but+when+referring+to+%27%27sugatagarbha%27%27%2C+%27%27ngo+bo%27%27+refers+to+the+emptiness+part%2C+whereas+%27%27rang+bzhin%27%27+refers+to+the+luminosity+or+clarity+part. +
Also+known+as+the+analytic+tradition+%28%27%27thos+bsam+gyi+lugs%27%27%29%2C+literally%2C+%22the+tradition+of+hearing+and+contemplating%2C%22+this+form+of+exegesis+explicated+the+%27%27Uttaratantra%27%27+through+philosophical+reasoning+and+debate+and+thus+entailed+a+primarily+scholastic+approach+to+the+treatise.+However%2C+both+the+Ngok+Tradition+and+its+opposing+counterpart%2C+the+Tsen+Tradition%2C+reportedly+came+from+a+single+source%2C+the+Kashmiri+scholar-yogi+Sajjana. +
Emanation+body+is+considered+as+an+apparitional+form+and+thus+not+the+actual+physical+form+of+a+buddha+but+one+projected+for+the+purpose+of+helping+sentient+beings.+This+concept+became+later+conflated+with+the+Tibetan+culture+of+religious+incarnation+and+many+lamas+who+are+considered+to+be+rebirths+of+earlier+ones+are+also+referred+to+as+trulku. +