Property:EncodedPosEmptyLuminNotes
J
There+are+different+takes+on+what+is+view+was%3A%0A%2AKarl+includes+him+in+the+category+of+those+assert+buddha-nature+to+be+Mind%27s+Luminous+Nature.+Stating%2C+%22J%C3%B1%C4%81na%C5%9Br%C4%ABmitra+cites+%27%27Uttaratantra%27%27+I.154+and+RGVV+and+explains+that+real+aspects+are+mental+forms+that+have+the+nature+of+being+appearances+of+lucidity+%28%27%27prak%C4%81%C5%9Bar%C5%ABpa%27%27%29%2C+which+he+equates+with+buddha+nature%E2%80%94the+tath%C4%81gata+element+%28%27%27tath%C4%81gatadh%C4%81tu%27%27%29.%22+%5B%5BBrunnh%C3%B6lzl%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BWhen+the+Clouds+Part%5D%5D%27%27%2Cpp.+57-58.%0A%2AHowever%2C+Kano+suggests+his+view+is+is+that+buddha-nature+shares+features+%28or+coincides%29+with+emptiness+and+is+a+property+%28%27%27dharma%27%27%29+of+the+image+%28%27%27%C4%81k%C4%81ra%27%27%29%2C+which+in+turn+is+its+possessor+%28%27%27dharmin%27%27%29.+In+this+he+was+a+precursor+to+Ngok%27s+innovative+equation+of+buddha-nature+%3D+emptiness.+See++%5B%5BKano%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%5B%5BBuddha-Nature+and+Emptiness%5D%5D%2C+p.+61. +
K
Though+he+might+be+an+early+antecedent+to+the+position+that+combines+emptiness+and+luminosity%2C+Brunnh%C3%B6lzl+counts+him+among+those+that+hold+this+position.%0A%2A%22One+should+add+here+Kamala%C5%9B%C4%ABla%E2%80%99s+%28c.+740%E2%80%93795%29+%27%27Madhyamak%C4%81loka%27%27%2C+which+takes+the+tath%C4%81gata+heart+to+be+natural+luminosity+but+defines+the+latter+as+the+dharmadh%C4%81tu+characterized+by+twofold+identitylessness%3A+%22This+statement+%E2%80%9CAll+sentient+beings+possess+the+tath%C4%81gata+heart%E2%80%9D+teaches+that+all+are+suitable+to+attain+the+state+of+unsurpassable+completely+perfect+awakening+since+it+is+held+that+the+term+tath%C4%81gata+expresses+that+the+dharmadh%C4%81tu%2C+which+is+characterized+by+personal+and+phenomenal+identitylessness%2C+is+natural+luminosity.%22+%5B%5BBrunnh%C3%B6lzl%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%5B%5BWhen+the+Clouds+Part%5D%5D%2C+p.+56. +
L
%22He+also+describes+an+%E2%80%9Cultimate+universal+ground%E2%80%9D+%28%27%27don+gyi+kun+gzhi%27%27%29+in+his+autocommentary+of+his+%27%27Wish-Fulfilling+Treasury%27%27%3A+%E2%80%9CThe+basic+element+is+called+%E2%80%98the+ultimate+universal+ground%E2%80%99+because+it+co-exists+with+the+unconditioned+qualities+of+the+naturally+pure+nirv%C4%81na.%E2%80%9D++He+says+that+this+ground+is+the+support+for+both+sams%C4%81ra+and+nirv%C4%81na%2C+and+identifies+it+with+Buddha-nature%3A+Due+to+abiding+as+the+expanse+neither+conjoined+with+nor+separable+from+the+exalted+body+and+wisdom%2C+it+is+Buddha-nature%3B+due+to+supporting+all+phenomena+of+sams%C4%81ra+and+nirv%C4%81na%2C+it+is+the+abiding+reality+called+%E2%80%9Cthe+ultimate+universal+ground%E2%80%9D%3B+it+is+unconditioned+and+abides+as+the+great+primordial+purity...%22+%5B%5BDuckworth%2C+D.%5D%5D%2C+%5B%5BMipam+on+Buddha-Nature%5D%5D%2C+p.+104. +
M
%22YDC+clearly+subscribes+to+the+disclosure+model+of+buddha+nature%2C+asserting+that+the+stainless+tath%C4%81gata+heart+adorned+with+all+major+and+minor+marks+as+well+as+awakening+exists+in+all+beings%2C+refuting+that+the+reality+of+cessation+is+a+nonimplicative+negation%2C+and+denying+the+position+that+the+fully+qualified+sugata+heart+exists+solely+on+the+buddhabh%C5%ABmi%2C+while+it+is+only+nominal+at+the+time+of+sentient+beings.%22+%5B%5BBrunnh%C3%B6lzl%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BWhen+the+Clouds+Part%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+310. +
Though+Mipam+clearly+presents+several+different+perspectives+on+this+issue%3A%0A%2A+%22Mipam+states+that+the+basic+element+%28Buddha-nature%29+is+empty+of+adventitious+defilements%2C+yet+not+empty+of+consummate+qualities.+These+consummate+qualities+are+inseparable+from+the+suchness+of+phenomena+that+is+luminous+clarity+and+self-existing+wisdom.%22+%5B%5BDuckworth%2C+D.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BMipam+on+Buddha-Nature%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+18.%0A%0A%2A+%22Mipam%E2%80%99s+two+models+of+two+truths+support+his+interpretation+of+the+compatibility+of+emptiness+and+Buddha-nature.+The+indivisibility+of+the+two+truths%2C+empty+appearance%2C+is+Buddha-nature%3B+and+the+unity+of+appearance+and+emptiness+is+what+is+known+in+authentic+experience.%22+%5B%5BDuckworth%2C+D.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BMipam+on+Buddha-Nature%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+26.%0A%0A%2A%22In+his+%27%27Trilogy+of+Innate+Mind%27%27%2C+Mipam+also+calls+this+suchness+of+mind+%E2%80%9CBuddhanature%E2%80%9D%3A+%E2%80%9CExisting+in+the+minds+of+all+sentient+beings+in+the+manner+of+suchness+on+the+occasion+when+obscurations+dwell+as+suitable+to+be+removed%2C+it+is+called+%E2%80%98Buddha-nature%E2%80%99+because+when+this+suchness+of+mind+is+realized%2C+one+becomes+a+Buddha.%E2%80%9D+The+suchness%2C+or+nature%2C+of+mind+is+Buddha-naure.%0ASelf-existing+wisdom+is+simply+made+manifest%3B+it+is+not+produced+by+a+cause.%22+%5B%5BDuckworth%2C+D.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BMipam+on+Buddha-Nature%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+100.%0A%0A%2A%22Mipam+also+refers+to+Buddha-nature+as+the+abiding+reality+of+the+%E2%80%9Cground+of+the+primeval+beginning%E2%80%9D+%28ye+thog+gi+gzhi%29+in+his+Trilogy+of+Innate+Mind%3A+Buddha-nature+is+not+a+mere+absence%3B+it+is+emptiness+and+luminous+clarity.+It+is+the+abiding+reality+of+the+ground+of+the+primeval+beginning+of+all+phenomena%2C+the+abiding+reality+that+is+the+indivisible+truth+of+unity%E2%80%94emptiness+endowed+with+all+supreme+aspects+%28rnam+kun+mchog+ldan+gyi+stong+nyid%29.%22+%5B%5BDuckworth%2C+D.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BMipam+on+Buddha-Nature%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+105.%0A%0A%2A%22In+his+%27%27Lion%E2%80%99s+Roar%3A+Exposition+of+Buddha-Nature%27%27%2C+Mipam+describes+the+essence+of+the+Buddha-nature+as+follows%3A+%E2%80%9CThe+essence+of+the+Buddha-nature+itself+is+free+from+all+conceptual+constructs+such+as+existence+and+nonexistence%2C+permanence+and+annihilation%3B+it+is+the+equality+of+the+single+sphere+of+indivisible+truth.%E2%80%9D+%5B%5BDuckworth%2C+D.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BMipam+on+Buddha-Nature%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+107.%0A%0A%2AIn+conclusion+Duckworth+sums+up+Mipam%27s+view+as+such%2C+%22Since+he+depicts+Buddha-nature+with+the+qualities+of+the+Buddha+present+at+the+time+of+a+sentient+being%2C+his+presentation+shares+an+important+feature+with+the+Jonang+tradition.+His+interpretation+also+shares+a+quality+with+the+Geluk+tradition%2C+given+that+he+equates+Buddha-nature+with+emptiness.+However%2C+Mipam%E2%80%99s+integration+of+Buddha-nature+and+emptiness+most+directly+reflects+Longchenpa%E2%80%99s+description+of+the+ground+of+the+Great+Perfection%2C+the+pinnacle+of+Buddhist+vehicles+in+his+Nyingma+tradition%2C+where+Buddha-nature+represents+the+unity+of+primordial+purity+and+spontaneous+presence.%22+%5B%5BDuckworth%2C+D.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BMipam+on+Buddha-Nature%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+115.
N
%2A+%22As+to+the+interpretation+of+Buddha-nature%2C+on+the+other+hand%2C+Sajjana+and+rNgog+hold+different+views%2C+for+Sajjana+equates+Buddha-nature+with+the+luminous+mind%2C+which+is+not+empty%2C+while+rNgog+equates+it+with+emptiness.%22+%5B%5BKano%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BBuddha-Nature+and+Emptiness%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+239.+%0A%2A+According+to+Brunnh%C3%B6lzl%2C+he+also+equates+it+with+the+%C4%81laya-consciousness%3A+%22Moreover%2C+Ngog+equates+%E2%80%9Cdh%C4%81tu%E2%80%9D+not+only+with+the+tath%C4%81gata+heart+%28as+in+RGVV%29+but+also+with+the+%C4%81laya-consciousness+%28maybe+influenced+by+the+%27%27La%E1%B9%85k%C4%81vat%C4%81ras%C5%ABtra%27%27%29.+Obviously%2C+this+creates+a+considerable+tension+with+his+definition+of+the+tath%C4%81gata+heart+as+emptiness%2C+but+he+does+not+resolve+it...%22+%5B%5BBrunnh%C3%B6lzl%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BWhen+the+Clouds+Part%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+66. +
P
%23From+%C5%9A%C4%81kya+Chogden%27s+summary+of+the+main+positions+on+buddha+nature+his+view+is+included+among+the+heading+%22Asserting+buddha+nature+as+the+compound+of+natural+purity+and+buddha+qualities%E2%80%99+being+inseparable%22+and+with+the+sub-heading+of+%22Asserting+those+qualities+to+be+the+qualities+of+the+fruitional+dharmak%C4%81ya+of+realization+%28many+Kagy%C3%BCpas+such+as+Pamo+Trupa%29.%22+%5B%5BBrunnh%C3%B6lzl%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%5B%5BWhen+the+Clouds+Part%5D%5D%2C+p.+79.%0A%23A+more+complete+translation+of+the+above+summary+can+be+found+in+%5B%5BMathes%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%5B%5BA+Direct+Path+to+the+Buddha+Within%5D%5D%2C+p.+34. +
R
%22Ratn%C4%81kara%C5%9B%C4%81nti+generally+describes+the+tath%C4%81gata+heart+as+being+equivalent+to+naturally+luminous+mind%2C+nondual+self-awareness%2C+and+the+perfect+nature+%28which+he+considers+to+be+an+implicative+negation+and+not+a+nonimplicative+negation%29.+As+for+the+ontological+status+of+mind%2C+his+%27%27Praj%C3%B1%C4%81p%C4%81ramitopade%C5%9Ba%27%27+says+that+it+does+not+exist+as+apprehender+and+apprehended%2C+but+the+existence+of+the+sheer+lucidity+of+experience+cannot+be+denied.%22+%5B%5BBrunnh%C3%B6lzl%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BWhen+the+Clouds+Part%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+58. +
%22Rongt%C3%B6n+explains+that+what+is+called+%E2%80%9Cthe+tath%C4%81gata+heart%E2%80%9D+is+suchness+with+stains+%28the+basic+element+not+liberated+from+the+cocoon+of+the+afflictions%29%2C+which+is+the+emptiness+of+mind+with+stains.+By+contrast%2C+the+dharmak%C4%81ya+of+a+tath%C4%81gata+is+what+is+liberated+from+this+cocoon.+The+term+%E2%80%9Ctath%C4%81gata+heart%E2%80%9D+is+used+in+terms+of+what+is+primary+because+this+heart+%28in+the+sense+of+emptiness%29+is+explained+to+exist+at+the+time+of+the+fruition+too.+This+also+refutes+the+assertion+that+the+fully+qualified+tath%C4%81gata+heart+is+solely+the+buddhahood+that+is+endowed+with+twofold+purity+%28natural+purity+and+purity+of+adventitious+stains%29+because+it+is+explained+repeatedly+that+the+primary+tath%C4%81gata+heart+is+suchness+with+stains.+Rongt%C3%B6n%E2%80%99s+commentary+on+the+Abhisamay%C4%81la%E1%B9%83k%C4%81ra+says+that+the+M%C4%81dhyamikas+identify+the+disposition+as+the+dharmadh%C4%81tu+specified+by+the+six+inner+%C4%81yatanas.%22+%5B%5BBrunnh%C3%B6lzl%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BWhen+the+Clouds+Part%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+76. +
S
%22As+to+the+interpretation+of+Buddha-nature%2C+on+the+other+hand%2C+Sajjana+and+rNgog+hold+different+views%2C+for+Sajjana+equates+Buddha-nature+with+the+luminous+mind%2C+which+is+not+empty%2C+while+rNgog+equates+it+with+emptiness.%22+%5B%5BKano%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BBuddha-Nature+and+Emptiness%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+239. +
%22An+opinion+shared+by+rNgog+and+Sapan+is+that+Buddha-nature+should+be+understood+in+the+sense+of+emptiness.+The+difference+is+that+rNgog+directly+equates+Buddha-nature+with+emptiness%2C+whereas+Sapan+regards+the+intentional+ground+%28%27%27dgongs+gzhi%27%27%29+of+Buddha-nature+to+be+emptiness.%22+%5B%5BKano%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BBuddha-Nature+and+Emptiness%5D%5D%27%27%2C+pp.+309-310. +
%2A%5B%5BWangchuk%2C+Tsering%5D%5D.+%27%27%5B%5BThe+Uttaratantra+in+the+Land+of+Snows%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+32.%0A%0A%2A%22One+of+the+central+doctrinal+points+of+Blo-gros-mtshungs-med%E2%80%99s+position+is+the+two+modes+of+Buddha-nature%3A+the+gnosis+aspect+and+sphere+aspect.+Under+the+former%2C+Buddha-nature+is+existent+in+terms+of+its+qualities%2C+while+under+the+latter+it+is+empty+in+terms+of+its+mode+of+existence.+%5B%5BKano%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BBuddha-Nature+and+Emptiness%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+336. +
T
He+doesn%27t+state+this+explicitly+but+his+presentation+fall+within+this+category.+For+instance%3A%0A%2A%22...he+argues%2C+%27Because+freedom+from+adventitious+defilements+is+the+very+nature+of+the+tath%C4%81gata-element+since+the+primordial+time%2C+there+are+no+afflictive+emotions+that+need+to+be+eliminated+%5Bfrom+the+element%5D.+Because+the+perfect+dharma-reality+that+is+indivisible+from+enlightened+qualities+is+the+very+nature+of+the+tath%C4%81gata-element%2C+there+are+no+virtuous+qualities+that+need+to+be+newly+acquired.%27%22+%5B%5BWangchuk%2C+Tsering%5D%5D.+%27%27%5B%5BThe+Uttaratantra+in+the+Land+of+Snows%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+35. +
%2A%22The+tath%C4%81gata+heart+is+mind%E2%80%99s+luminous+ultimate+nature+or+nondual+wisdom%2C+which+is+the+basis+of+everything+in+sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra+and+nirv%C4%81%E1%B9%87a.+Its+essence+is+empty%2C+its+nature+is+lucid%2C+and+its+display+is+unimpeded+%28this+is+also+how+the+nature+of+the+mind+is+presented+in+the+Mah%C4%81mudr%C4%81+tradition%2C+and+the+Karmapa%E2%80%99s+commentary+on+the+%27%27Dharmadh%C4%81tustava%27%27+indeed+equates+the+tath%C4%81gata+heart+with+Mah%C4%81mudr%C4%81%29.%22+%5B%5BBrunnh%C3%B6lzl%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BWhen+the+Clouds+Part%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+72.%0A%2AAnother+take+on+this+is+found+in+%5B%5BMathes%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BA+Direct+Path+to+the+Buddha+Within%5D%5D%27%27%2C+pp.+51-54%2C+in+which+he+seems+to+suggest+that+his+views+are+more+inclined+to+view+it+as+the+dharmadh%C4%81tu%2C+which+is+equivalent+to+dharmak%C4%81ya.%0A%2A%22This+becomes+clear+from+an+answer+to+a+rhetorical+question+in+the+autocommentary+of+the+Zab+mo+nang+gi+don%3A%0AQuestion%3A+How+are+the+properties+of+purification+produced%3F%0AThey+are+supported+by+buddha+nature%2C+%5Bin+as+much+as%5D+it+is+the+dharmak%C4%81ya+of+the+above-mentioned+purity+of+mind.%22+%5B%5BMathes%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BA+Direct+Path+to+the+Buddha+Within%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+58. +
%2A%5B%5BKano.+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BBuddha-Nature+and+Emptiness%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+242%2C+footnote+4.+Van+der+Kuijp+via+Shakya+mchog+ldan.%0A%2AMathes+cites+G%C3%B6+Lots%C4%81wa+as+stating%2C+%22The+followers+of+the+tradition+of+Tsen+%28Btsan%29+maintain+that+since+the+luminous+nature+of+mind+is+the+buddha+nature%2C+the+cause+of+buddha%5Bhood%5D+is+fertile%22+%5B%5BMathes%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BA+Direct+Path+to+the+Buddha+Within%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+33.%0A%2A%22According+to+BA%2C+those+who+follow+the+tradition+of+Dsen+Kawoch%C3%A9+%28Tib.+Btsan+Kha+bo+che%29+hold+that+since+the+tath%C4%81gata+heart+is+the+naturally+luminous+nature+of+the+mind%2C+it+is+the+powerful+vital+cause+of+buddhahood.+TOK+agrees%2C+saying+that%2C+according+to+the+Eighth+Situpa%2C+the+texts+in+Dsen+Kawoch%C3%A9%E2%80%99s+lineage+accepted+a+really+established%2C+self-aware%2C+self-luminous+cognition+empty+of+the+duality+of+apprehender+and+apprehended+to+be+the+powerful+vital+cause+of+buddhahood.%22+%5B%5BBrunnh%C3%B6lzl%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BWhen+the+Clouds+Part%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+65.%0A%2AKarl+Brunnh%C3%B6lzl+cites+ShAkya+mchog+ldan%3A+%22The+sugata+heart+is+the+naturally+pure+wisdom%2C+luminous+by+nature%2C+that+pervades+everyone+from+buddhas+to+sentient+beings.%22+%5B%5BBrunnh%C3%B6lzl%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%5B%5BWhen+the+Clouds+Part%5D%5D%2C+p.+124. +
Ś
%23%22In+sum%2C+%C5%9A%C4%81kya+Chogden+distinguishes+three+kinds+of+tath%C4%81gata+hearts%3A+%281%29+the+nominal+tath%C4%81gata+heart+that+is+the+mere+natural+purity+%28as+taught+in+the+second+dharma+wheel+and+its+Madhyamaka+commentaries%29%2C+%282%29+the+actual+tath%C4%81gata+heart+that+is+the+purity+of+adventitious+stains+and+represents+the+relative+tath%C4%81gata+heart+%28as+taught+in+the+third+dharma+wheel+and+the+Nonaspectarian+system+of+Maitreya+and+Asa%E1%B9%85ga%2C+as+well+as+in+the+teachings+of+expedient+meaning+in+the+second+dharma+wheel+as+these+are+interpreted+by+the+third+dharma+wheel%29%2C+and+%283%29+the+actual+tath%C4%81gata+heart+that+is+the+natural+purity+that+is+inseparable+from+all+buddha+qualities+and+represents+the+ultimate+tath%C4%81gata+heart+%28as+taught+in+the+system+of+Maitreya+and+Asa%E1%B9%85ga+and+in+the+third+dharma+wheel%29.%22+%5B%5BBrunnh%C3%B6lzl%2C+K.%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BWhen+the+Clouds+Part%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+78.%0A%23See+also+%5B%5BWangchuk%2C+Tsering%5D%5D%2C+%27%27%5B%5BThe+Uttaratantra+in+the+Land+of+Snows%5D%5D%27%27%2C+p.+115. +