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Takakusu Junjirō (高楠 順次郎, June 29, 1866 – June 28, 1945), who often published as J. Takakusu, was a Japanese academic, an advocate for expanding higher education opportunities, and an internationally known Buddhist scholar. He was an active Esperantist.
Takakusu was born in Hiroshima Prefecture, adopted by the Takakusu family of Kobe, and sent to England to study Sanskrit at Oxford University (1890). After receiving his doctorate, he continued his studies in France and Germany.
Upon his return to Japan in 1894, he was appointed Professor at the Tokyo Imperial University and Director of Tokyo School of Foreign Languages.
He founded the Musashino Girls' School in 1924. The institution evolved on the principle of "Buddhist-based human education," moving in 1929 to its present location in Nishitōkyō, Tokyo and becoming Musashino Women's University. The institution Takakusu founded is now known as Musashino University (武蔵野大学, Musashino Daigaku).
From 1924 to 1934, Takakusu and others established the Tokyo Taisho Tripitaka Publication Association (東京大正一切經刊行會), later known as the Daizo Shuppansha (大藏出版株式會社, Daizo shuppansha), which collected, edited, and published the Taishō Shinshū Daizōkyō. This massive compendium is now available online as the Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association (CBETA) Tripitaka.
In 1930, he was named President of the Tokyo Imperial University. He was a member of the Imperial Academy of Japan and a Fellow of the British Academy. He was a recipient of Asahi Cultural Prize and the Japanese government's Order of Culture. He was awarded an honorary degree by Tokyo Imperial University; and he was similarly honored by the universities at Oxford, Leipzig, and Heidelberg.
At the time of his death in June 1945, he was Professor Emeritus of Sanskrit at the Tokyo Imperial University. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takakusu_Junjiro Source Accessed Aug 16, 2021]) +
Raised on a farm in rural Massachusetts, Justin Kelley spent ten years living in and around Tibetan refugee communities in India and Nepal, studying Tibetan language, Buddhist philosophy, and meditative practices. In 2010, he founded Sacred Path, a conscious travel company specializing in pilgrimage to Buddhist sacred sites. He teaches throughout North America and South Asia in dharma centers and university settings. Justin finished his PhD under the tutelage of Dr. Anne C. Klein at Rice University in 2022, where he completed a dissertation that explores the life and teachings of two fourteenth century Tibetan masters, Longchen Rabjam and Rangjung Dorje. Justin is a husband and father. +
Né et vivant à Genève, Jérôme Ducor s'est initié aux études bouddhiques à l'Université de Lausanne, avant de poursuivre par une licence en histoire des religions et un doctorat en japonologie à l'Université de Genève. Il s'est spécialisé dans le bouddhisme japonais, notamment à l'Université Ryukoku (Kyoto), où il est chercheur invité permanent du Bukkyô-bunka-kenkyûsho.
En outre, il a reçu l'ordination et la maîtrise de l'école bouddhique Jodo-Shinshu, au Hompa-Honganji (Kyôto). Il est actuellement le résident du temple Shingyoji de Genève.
De 1992 à 1993, il a enseigné les religions extrême-orientales à l'Université McGill (Montréal). Privat-docent à la section de langues et civilisations orientales de l'Université de Lausanne (UNIL) depuis 1993, il est le conservateur du département Asie du Musée d'ethnographie de la Ville de Genève (MEG) depuis 1995. [http://www.pitaka.ch/ducbio.htm Source]
Born and living in Geneva, Jerome Ducor studied Buddhism at Lausanne University. He graduated thereafter in religious studies and passed his doctorate in japonology at Geneva University. He specialized in japanese Buddhism at Ryukoku University and received ordination and master in the Jodo-Shinshu school of Buddhism at Hompa-Honganji (Kyoto). He presently acts as the resident minister at Shingyoji temple in Geneva.
From 1992 to 1993 he has been teaching East-Asian religions at McGill University (Montreal).
Teaching as a privat-docent at the Department of Oriental Languages and Civilizations of Lausanne University since 1993, he is the curator of the Asia Department of Geneva's Ethnographic Museum since 1995. +
Jñānagarbha (Tibetan: ཡེ་ཤེས་སྙིང་པོ་, Wyl. ye shes snying po) was an 8th-century Buddhist philosopher from Nalanda who wrote on Madhyamaka and Yogācāra and is considered part of Bhāviveka's Svātantrika tradition. He was a student of Śrīgupta and the teacher and ordaining master of Śāntarakṣita.
In his mostly Svātantrika interpretation of Madhyamaka philosophy, Jñānagarbha incorporated aspects of Yogācāra philosophy and Dharmakirti's epistemology and therefore can be seen as a harmonizer of the various Buddhist philosophical systems like his student Śāntarakṣita.
He is mostly known for his work "Distinguishing the Two Truths" (Skt. ''Satyadvayavibhaṅga'', Wyl. ''Bden gnyis rnam ‘byed''). This work mostly sought to critique the views of Dharmapāla of Nalanda and his followers. A meditation text named "The Path for the Practice of Yoga" (''Yoga-bhavana-marga'' or ''-patha'') is also attributed to him by Tibetan sources. He also may have written a commentary to the ''Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra'', a major sūtra of the Yogācāra school. However, it is possible that the author of this text was actually a different writer also named Jñānagarbha.
Jñānagarbha's ''Satyadvayavibhaṅga'' analyzes the Madhyamaka "two truths" doctrine of conventional truth and ultimate truth. He defends the role of conceptual thinking and reasoning against those who would eliminate all conceptual thinking and theorizing (i.e., Candrakīrti). However, like other Madhyamikas, the goal of his project is a form of awareness which is free from all concepts, though one which, according to Jñānagarbha, is reachable through conceptual thought. Jñānagarbha held that even though language and reasoning is based on a cause and effect ontology which is ultimately empty and unreal, it can still lead toward the ultimate truth, through a logical analysis which realizes the untenable assumptions of reason and causality itself. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B1%C4%81nagarbha Source Accessed Jan 17, 2020]) +
Jörg Plassen is Professor of East Asian Religions in the faculty of East Asian Studies / Center for Religious Studies at Ruhr Universität Bochum (RUB) in Germany. His areas of research include: Early Korean Hwaom and Samnon-Buddhism in East Asian Context; Authorship and intertextuality in Tang dynasty Huayan/Hwaom/Kegon texts (combining digital text mining and traditional philological methods); Literary and Pragmatic Dimensions of Buddhist Commentaries (especially Writing and Reading as Spiritual Practice); Religious Processes of Transfer ("Sinification of Buddhism", Interdependencies between Buddhism and Taoism / Xuanxue, Buddho-Confucian Interactions in China and Korea). ([https://www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/oaw/roa/plassen.html Source Accessed June 15, 2020]) +
Dr. phil. Jürg Hedinger is a lecturer in literature, psychology, philosophy, the history of religion, Indology, creative and literary writing at the School of Applied Linguistics (SAL), at the adult education center and other institutes. ([https://www.sal.ch/story-academy/autobiografisches-schreiben/mehr-zum-lehrgang/ Adapted from Source Feb 16, 2021]) +
K
K. L. Dhammajoti (born 29 May 1949) is a Buddhist monk from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. He was ordained according to the Theravada tradition of Buddhism.
He is also one of the leading scholars on Sarvastivada Abhidharma. and is well known in the world of Buddhist scholarship for several contributions. These include some of his own personal work, such as ''Sarvastivada abhidharma'', ''The Chinese Version of the Dhammapada'', ''Entrance into the Supreme Doctrine'', and ''Abhidhamma Doctrines and Controversies on Perception''. He is also the founding editor of an annual academic ''Journal of Buddhist Studies from the Centre for Buddhist Studies, Sri Lanka''. Currently, he is serving as the director of Buddha-Dharma Centre of Hong Kong Ltd. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K._L._Dhammajoti Source Accessed Jan 8, 2024]) +
Abbot of Ri bo dge rgyas dgon in Mongolia. Teacher was Zhabs drung chos rje ngag dbang tshe ring. ([https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=P1KG10437 Source Accessed Feb 9, 2023]) +
Kaie Mochizuki is professor and vice president at Minobusan University in Yamanashi Japan. His areas of specialization include Indian philosophy, Chinese philosophy, and Tibetan and Indian Buddhism. He is also a translator of Indian and Tibetan Buddhist works into Japanese. He currently teaches in the Nichiren major at Minobusan. His many publications in the field include: '"Are the Madhyamikas Sunyatavadins?" (in ''Three Mountains and Seven Rivers'', Motilal Banarsidass 2004), "A Study on the Basic Idea of Lamrim in Tibetan Buddhism" (Minobusan University 2005), "Teaching of Buddhism" (Nichiren-shu 2005), and ''Knowing Wisdom, Repaying Kindness'' (Minobusan University 2007). His most recent project includes research on the development of the ''Lotus sūtra'' in inner Asia. According to his bio on the Minobusan faculty page, he "specializes in deciphering the classical literature of India and Tibet and analyzing its history of thought, but he is also interested in movies and music. Not only Atisha, but also Aki Kaurisumaki and Neil Young." ([http://www.min.jp/department/teacher.html Source Accessed May, 14 2020]) +
Kaiji Jeffrey Schneider is a Zen priest who has lived, worked and practiced at San Francisco Zen Center since 1978. The founder of the Zen Center recovery programs, he is currently the Outreach and Volunteer Coordinator. ([https://www.sfzc.org/teachers/kaiji-jeffrey-schneider Source Accessed August 13, 2020]) +
Kaikyoku Watanabe was born in 1872 in Tokyo, Japan. After finishing at Jodo Sect School (1894) [he] continued his studies in Germany. Upon returning [he] was appointed principal of Shiba Middle School and at the same time began teaching at Taisho and Тoуo colleges (1911). Later he organized [the] Buddhist Workers Mutual Relief Association and [the] Buddhist Social Work Research Institute and advocated a union of Buddhists in Japan, India, China, Burma and Tibet. He supervised the compilation of Taisho Shin-shu Daizo-kyo (Complete Buddhist Scriptures Compiled in the Taisho Era). ([https://prabook.com/web/kaikyoku.watanabe/3752154 Source Accessed Sep 14, 2021]) +
Kali Nyima Cape is a scholar specializing in Tibetan Buddhism, Great Perfection (''rdzogs chen'') literature, women and gender studies. Her research has been funded by the Tsadra Foundation, Ford Foundation and Fulbright-Hays Fellowship. She is currently a Ph.D. Candidate at University of Virginia, where she has also served as an instructor teaching Tibetan Buddhism, Buddhism and Gender and Tibetan language. As a Native American and multicultural person, her teaching and research prioritizes diversity issues. Her current research focuses on women, and sexuality ''The Seminal Heart of the Ḍākinī'' (''mkha’ ‘gro snying thig''), scriptures of pivotal importance to the classical period of Great Perfection literature. (Source: Author, February 7, 2022) +
Dr. Kalpakam Sankarnarayan, Director, K. J. Somaiya Centre of Buddhist Studies, Vidyavihar, Mumbai, India, has authored Rasakalika of Rudrabhatta-A Critical Study and Exposition with English Translation. Her forthcoming books-Traditional Cultural Link between India and Japan (During 8th and 9th Centuries A.D.) in collaboration with Dr. Motohiro Yoritomi and Dr. Ichijo Ogawa, (Otani University, Kyoto, Japan), and Japanese Esoteric (Kukai's Shingon) Buddhism with Indian Perspective in collaboration with Dr. Motohiro Yoritomi, (Chairman, Shuchin University, Kyoto, Japan). ([https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/buddhism-in-india-and-abroad-integrating-influence-in-vedic-and-post-vedic-perspective-IDF407/ Source Accessed Jan 28, 2021]) +
Kalu Rinpoche was one of the most prominent Tibetan lamas of the twentieth century, active in both exile communities and in the West. As a young man he spent over a decade in isolated retreat, coming out only to serve as retreat master at Tsādra Rinchen Drak. Although never formally enthroned, he was commonly recognized as a reincarnation of Jamgon Kongtrul. In exile he settled in India, where he was a primary teacher to many contemporary Kagyu lamas and served as the main propagator of the Shangpa Kagyu tradition. In the later decades of his life he traveled multiple times to Europe and North America, where he established dharma centers and three-year retreat centers and initiated the translation of Kongtrul's Treasury of Knowledge into English. (Source: [https://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/kalu-rinpoche/12180 Treasury of Lives]) +
According to Fredrik Liland, nothing further is known about Kalyāṇadeva (Dge ba’i lha), aside from being the author of the ''Bodhisattvacaryāvatārasaṃskāra'', a commentary on the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra''. But his commentary is thought to be not as exhaustive and rich of citations as Prajñākaramati's ''Pañjikā''. +
Kalzang Dorjee Bhutia is currently a lecturer in the Department of Religious Studies at Grinnell College. He received his PhD in Buddhist Studies from the University of Delhi, and his current book project focuses on the modern history of Buddhism in Sikkim in a global context. +
Kamaleswar Bhattacharya (born on August 29, 1928, died March 16, 2014) is a French Indianist and Sanskritist of Indian origin.
Kamaleswar Bhattacharya was born in August 1928 in a small village north of Dhaka, capital of present-day Bangladesh, he was educated in Calcutta, Paris and at the Sanskrit University of Varanasi. In September 1955, with a French government academic group, he came to France to work in the Indology sector. In February 1962 he obtained a doctorate of letters (State doctorate) with the "very honorable mention". Domiciled in France in Brunoy, he died on March 16, 2014 in Dhaka.
'''Area of advanced research '''<br>
His two important researches, ''Brahmanic religions in ancient Cambodia, according to Epigraphy and Iconography'' (1961) and ''Researches on the Vocabulary of Sanskrit Inscriptions of Cambodia'' (1964-1991), are considered by scholars of the sector as classics and exemplars of Khmerology. He checked and corrected for the editions the translations of the Cambodian Sanskrit inscriptions of Auguste Barth, Abel Bergaigne, Louis Finot and George Coedès, great French Sanskritists. He is one of the few scholars with acquired knowledge for such a difficult mission.
'''Great specialist in Buddhism'''<br>
After receiving his state doctorate, he turned to more classical branches of Indology, in particular philosophy. His long association with Louis Renou (1956 - 1966) formed his philological point of view and guided all his research. His book ''The Ātman - Brahman in Ancient Buddhism'' (1973), based on extensive studies of the Pali Canon and Sanskrit sources, is the result of his extensive research on Cambodia. And then he touched on late Buddhist philosophy including Madhyamaka philosophy and some aspects of Buddhist epistemology. His translation of ''Vigrahavyāvartanī'' with annotations and his articles on the grammatical elements of Nāgārjuna's thought can serve as models for scholars of future generations.
'''Rare logician of modern times'''<br>
For the past forty years he has published extensively on various aspects of Indian thought: philosophy, logic, semantics and poetry. He has amply completed his annotated translation concerning the Navya-Nyāya (New Logic), the Siddhañta lakṣaṇa prakaraṇa of the Tattvacintāmaṇi of Gangesa with the Dīdhiti of Raghunātha Śiromaṇi and the Țīkā of Jagadīśa Tarkālamkāra. He also published his edition of the ''Tattvacintāmaṇiprabhā'' (Anumānakhaṇḍa) of the Yajñapati Upādhyāya. This is the first commentary of the well-known ''Tattvacintāmaṇi''. In his research on the texts, he emphasized the close relationship between the science of grammar and philosophical thought in India.
'''Distinguished researcher and professor'''<br>
During his career, he held important chairs and received honorary awards. Thanks to the support of Louis Renou, he entered in 1960 as a research associate at the National Center for Scientific Research in Paris where he retired in September 1996 to the rank of first-class research director. During this period he also taught as a visiting professor at Brown University (1967-1969), the University of Toronto (1977-1979), Viśva-Bhāratī University, Santiniketan (1980), and Adyar Library and Research. Center, Madras (1994-1995). After his retirement he was a Mercator-Gast professor at the University of Bonn in Germany. ([https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamaleswar_Bhattacharya Source Accessed Feb 23, 2023])
Lva ba pa, or bLa ma dGe slong, Skt. Kambalapāda, was a tenth-century master who, with others, discovered the yoginī tantras in the country of Oḍḍīyāna (BA, 753), and was important in the lineage of Guhyasamāja. He was known as the Sleeping Bhikṣu (monk) because he is said to have slept for three years at the gate of king Indrabhūti's palace (BA, 362). A bhasuku or bhusuku is similar to a mendicant (sprang bu), that is, free of purposeful action (bya bral pa) (KTGR 2005). Sleeping for three years would probably qualify! (Harding, ''Esoteric Instructions'', 192n172) +
My teaching and research together reflect my deep commitment to enhancing our curiosities about one another and to honing sensitive instruments of learning which help to make the once “strange” familiar. Religion studies is a multidisciplinary field, making our approaches both challenging and exciting. Whether it is teaching the discovery of the Tibetan Book of the Dead in my course Death and Desire, deconstructing popular understandings of such terms as ‘yoga’ and ‘buddha’ in Buddhist traditions, or networking across departments in planning a Japanese folk and jazz fusion concert for religions of Japan, I hope to facilitate learning in which once comfortably closed stances regarding ‘us’ and ‘them’ begin to open. Material artifacts can bring cultures into clearer view. I bring scrolls, amulets, spirit tablets, devotional paintings and music into my discussions so students can directly touch the manifestations of the abstract ideas they study. My course on Pilgrimage: Rites of Way has instilled in me the importance of journeying together as well, and I have taken students to see Himalayan art collections, talk with monks in a Tibetan monastery, and even to Japan to give them a sense of what it means to study religion in its fullest possible context. ([https://www.muhlenberg.edu/facultysearch/facultyresults/ktakahashi/ Source Accessed June 23, 2020]) +
Indian paṇḍita known to have collaborated with Patsab Nyima Drak on Candrakīrti's ''Madhyamakāvatāra'', ''Prasannapadā'', and ''Śūnyatāsaptativṛtti''. He also helped to translate Pūrṇavardhanaḥ's ''Abhidharmakośaṭīkālakṣaṇānusāriṇī'', a two-volume commentary on Vasubhandu's ''Abhidharmakośa''. (Source: [https://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Patsab-Nyima-Drak/P5651#:~:text=With%20Pa%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Dita%20Kanakavarma%2C%20Patsab%20edited,of%20pram%C4%81%E1%B9%87a%20(tshad%20ma) Treasury of Lives]) +
