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The first of the Katok Getse (kaH thog dge rtse) incarnations, Gyurme Tsewang Chokdrup, Katok Getse Mahapandita (1761-1829) was an important Nyingma scholar from Katok Monastery who famously wrote a catalogue to the Nyingma Gyübum.
He was born in the Iron Snake year of the thirteenth calendrical cycle (1761) and recognized as an incarnation of Tsewang Trinlé, the nephew of Longsal Nyingpo (1625-1692). His teachers included Dodrupchen Kunzang Shenpen, Ngor Khenchen Palden Chökyong, Changkya Rolpé Dorje and Dzogchenpa Ati Tenpé Gyaltsen. Through his connection with the Derge royal family, he arranged for the printing of the ''Collection of Nyingma Tantras'' (''Nyingma Gyübum'') and the writings of Longchenpa and Jikmé Lingpa, and took responsibility for proofreading. Among his students were the Third Dzogchen Rinpoche and the Third Shechen Rabjam, Rigdzin Paljor Gyatso (1770-1809). ([https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Gyurme_Tsewang_Chokdrup Source Accessed Feb 18, 2022])
See also:<br>
*[[Deity, Mantra and Wisdom]]: Development Stage Meditation in Tibetan Buddhist Tantra, translated by the Dharmachakra Translation Committee, Snow Lion, 2007.
**Ronis, Jann M. “Celibacy, Revelations, and Reincarnated Lamas: Contestation and Synthesis in the Growth of Monasticism at Katok Monastery from the 17th through 19th Centuries”. Available from [https://libraetd.lib.virginia.edu/downloads/hq37vp052?filename=1_Ronis_Jann_2009_PHD.pdf the University of Virginia, here].
*Tomoko Makidono, "Kah thog Dge rtse Mahāpaṇḍita’s Doxographical Position: The Great Madhyamaka of Other-Emptiness (gzhan stong dbu ma chen po)" in Indian International Journal of Buddhist Studies (IIJBS) vol. 12 (2011), pp. 77-119
*Tomoko Makidono, "The Turning of the Wheel of Mantrayāna Teachings in the Rnying ma rgyud ’bum dkar chag lha’i rnga bo che by Kaḥ thog Dge rtse Mahāpaṇḍita ’Gyur med tshe dbang mchog grub (149-186)" in IIJBS vol. 13 (2012), pp. 149-186 +
Gharungwa Lhai Gyeltsen (g+ha rung ba lha'i rgyal mtshan) was born at Nyetang (snye thang) in 1319.
At five years of age he received ordination as a novice monk at Kumbumtang (sku 'bum thang) and began studies of the monastic code. For two years he also studied Prajñāpāramitā, epistemology, and Abhidharma. Then he traveled to many different monasteries in U for further studies in the same subjects and others such as the Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra and the Five Treatises of Maitreya. While at the great Karma Kaygu monastery of Tsurpu (mtshur phu), he received the transmission of several tantras from the clairvoyant yogin Tokden Drakseng (rtogs ldan grags seng), who also recognized him as an incarnation of the Indian master Aryadeva.
When he was twenty years old Gharungwa traveled to the Tsang region, where he reached a high level of expertise in the treatises of the vehicle of the perfections, epistemology, Abhidharma, and the monastic code under the teacher Konchok Sangpo (slob dpon dkon bzang, d.u.) at Drakram Monastery (brag ram). He also studied and taught at many other places before arriving at the great monastery of Sakya (sa skya), where he studied the same subjects under the master Jamyang Chokyi Gyeltsen ('jam dbyangs chos kyi rgyal mtshan, d.u.), but also received the Tantra Trilogy of Hevajra and the Bodhisattva Trilogy.
He then studied at Pelteng Monastery (dpal steng dgon) under the master Rinchen Zangpo (rin chen bzang po, d.u.), and next traveled to the Kagyu monastery of Ralung (ra lung dgon), where he received many tantric transmissions such as the initiations of Hevjara in both the Sakya and the Kagyu traditions and the Doha Trilogy of the great Indian adept Saraha. While at Ralung, he heard about Dolpopa Sherab Gyeltsen (dol po pa shes rab rgyal mtshan) and was filled with faith.
When Gharungwa was thirty-two years old he arrived at Jonang Monastery (jo nang dgon) and met Dolpopa. He offered the great master a white conch shell and other gifts and received many initiations such as Kālacakra and Guhyasamāja, and all the guiding instructions such as the six-branch yoga. He gained exceptional experience in meditation, actually beheld Avalokiteśvara and his pure land, and experienced pure visions such as the transformation of himself into a buddha and the light rays of his own body illuminating the entire three worlds. For many years Gharungwa received from Dolpopa a number of profound teachings such as the Bodhisattva Trilogy and the ten sutras of definitive meaning.
Gharungwa also received special transmissions from some of Dolpopa's other major disciples: from Kunpang Chodrak Pelzang (kun spangs chos grags dpal bzang, 1283-1363) he received the Vimalaprabhā commentary on the Kālacakra Tantra seven times, the instructions of the six-branch yoga, Nāropa's commentary on the Sekoddesha, and so forth; from Jonang Lotsāwa Lodro Pel (jo nang lo tsA wa blo gros dpal, 1299-c.1353) he received the Vimalaprabhā and other tantric teachings; from Mati Paṇchen (ma ti paN chen blo gros rgyal mtshan, 1294-1376) he received many teachings such as the Five Treatises of Maitreya and the Lamdre (lam 'bras); from Chokle Namgyel (phyogs las rnam rgyal, 1306-1386) and Nyawon Kunga Pel (nya dbon nun dga' dpal, 1285-1379) he received many transmissions such as the Lamdre in both the Sakya tradition and the Shang tradition, and the Bodhisattva Trilogy.
Gharungwa then ascended to the monastic seat of Gharung Monastery (g+ha rung), where he taught for many years. He was eventually offered the hermitage of Namkha Dzod (nam mkha' mdzod) and took up residence there, teaching the Vimalaprabhā and various other topics.
He passed away in 1401.
Gherardo Gnoli (6 December 1937 in Rome – 7 March 2012 in Cagli) was a historian of Italian religions and Iran expert.
Gherardo Gnoli has been since 1996 the president of the Italian Institute for Africa and the East (IsIAO). He was also the head of the Public Counsel Institute and later the Italian Institute for the Middle and the Far East (ISMEO), which had been founded in 1933 by Giovanni Gentile and Giuseppe Tucci. He headed the Italy-Africa Institute (IIA), which had been founded in 1906 under the name of "Italian Colonial Institute" by Italian explorers, academics and diplomats.
He was a professor of Iranian philosophy at the University of Naples "L'Orientale" (from 1965 to 1993, where he became the chancellor from 1971 to 1978 and the head of religious history of Iran and Central Asia at La Sapienza University of Rome (from 1993 to 2008). In addition he was the president of the same academy from 1979 to 1995. From 1995 until his death, Gherardo Gnoli was also the president of the Italian Society for the History of Religions. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gherardo_Gnoli Source Accessed Aug 4, 2023]) +
Associate professor at Università di Napoli Orientale, Naples, Italy +
Dr. Gian Giuseppe Filippi is Professor of lndology and History of Art of lndia, University “Ca’ Foscari”, Venice. Involved, since 1971, in extensive field studies in India, directed specially towards the traditional relations between the shrines and rituals, he is not just one of the discoverers of Drupad Kila (in mid- Ganga plains), but led the multidisciplinary research team, credited with this discovery.
Extensively published, Professor Filippi is President of the Venetian Academy of Indian Studies (VAIS), heads Human Sciences research in the “Kampilya Project”; and is Member of Is.I.A.O., Royal Society of Asian Affairs, Indian Archaeological Society, and Pafichal Research Institute, among several other institutions in Europe and India. ([https://dkprintworld.com/author-book/gian-giuseppe-filippi/ Source Accessed Nov 20, 2023]) +
Rolf W. Giebel was born in Hawera, New Zealand, in 1954. He came to Japan in 1972 and took a B.A. in Japanese at the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies in 1977 and an M.A. in Indian Philosophy at the University of Tokyo in 1980. After spending three years on the editorial staff of a publishing company in Tokyo, he returned to the University of Tokyo in 1984 and at present continues his studies while working as a translator. Other of his translations include ''Tibetan Buddhist Art'' (Tokyo: Hakusuisha, 1984), ''An Introduction to the Buddhist Canon'' (Tokyo: Bukkyo Dendo Kyokai, 1984), ''The Alps'' (Tokyo: Gyosei, 1986), and a Japanese translation of ''The Theory and Practice of the Mandala'' by the late Giuseppe Tucci (Tokyo: Hirakawa Shuppansha, 1984). ([https://nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp/en/files/2018/06/Takasaki-Jikido_An-Introduction-to-Buddhism.pdf Source Accessed July 2, 2020]) +
Peter Gilks completed his PhD in Asian Studies at The Australian National University in 2011. He is now an assistant professor in the Department of Entertainment Management at I-Shou University, Taiwan. His research interests include popular culture, music marketing, language testing and Buddhism. Current research projects in the area of celebrity studies include the role that English-speaking ability plays in shaping the image of Taiwanese celebrities and the impact of the celebrification of Buddhist leaders. ([https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19392397.2015.1088393 Source Accessed July 21, 2020]) +
Tokiwa Gishin began studying Buddhism in 1944, becoming a member of the forerunner of the F.A.S. Society. After graduation he taught English as a second language for students while studying Buddhism. He has translated into English ''Zen and the Fine Arts'' and ''Jueguan-lun'', and into modern Japanese both a work by Hakuin and the ''Lankavatara sutra''. ([https://www.amazon.in/Critical-Sermons-Zen-Tradition-Hisamatsus/dp/0333962710/ref=sr_1_2?dchild=1&qid=1610744821&refinements=p_27%3AGishin+Tokiwa&s=books&sr=1-2 Source Accessed Jan 15, 2021]) +
Gishō Nakano is a professor at Kōyasan University and director of the Research Institute of Esoteric Buddhist Culture on Mt. Kōya. +
Giuseppe Tucci (5 June 1894 – 5 April 1984), was an Italian scholar of oriental cultures, specialising in Tibet and history of Buddhism. He was fluent in several European languages, Sanskrit, Bengali, Pali, Prakrit, Chinese and Tibetan and he taught at the University of Rome La Sapienza until his death. He is considered one of the founders of the field of Buddhist Studies.
Tucci was born to a middle-class family in Macerata, Marche, and thrived academically. He taught himself Hebrew, Chinese and Sanskrit before even going to university and in 1911, aged only 18, he published a collection of Latin epigraphs in the prestigious Review of the Germanic Archaeological Institute. He completed his studies at the University of Rome in 1919, where his studies were repeatedly interrupted as a result of World War I.
After graduating, he traveled to India and settled down at the Visva-Bharati University, founded by the Bengali poet and Nobel Laureate, Rabindranath Tagore. There he studied Buddhism, Tibetan and Bengali, and also taught Italian and Chinese. He also studied and taught at Dhaka University, the University of Benares and Calcutta University. He remained in India until 1931, when he returned to Italy. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Tucci Source Accessed April 14, 2020]) +
Glenn H. Mullin (born June 22, 1949 in Quebec, Canada) is a Tibetologist, Buddhist writer, translator of classical Tibetan literature and teacher of Tantric Buddhist meditation.
Mullin has written over twenty-five books on Tibetan Buddhism. Many of these focus on the lives and works of the early Dalai Lamas. Some of his other titles include ''Tsongkhapa's Six Yogas of Naropa'' and ''The Practice of Kalachakra'' (Snow Lion); ''Death and Dying: The Tibetan Tradition'' (Arkana/Viking Penguin); ''Mystical Verses of a Mad Dalai Lama'' (Quest Books); ''The Mystical Arts of Tibet'' (Longstreet Press); and ''The Fourteen Dalai Lamas'', as well as ''The Female Buddhas'' (Clear Light Books). He has also worked as a field specialist on three Tibet-related films and five television documentaries, and has co-produced five audio recordings of Tibetan sacred music. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_H._Mullin Source Accessed Dec 6, 2023]) +
Glenn Wallis holds a Ph.D. in Buddhist studies from Harvard University's Department of Sanskrit and Indian Studies. His scholarly work focuses on various aspects of Buddhism. He has also written on the prospects of making classical Buddhist literature, philosophy, and practice relevant to contemporary life. Most recently, though, he has become interested in the covertly ideological function of Buddhism in the contemporary West, and so has turned his attention to criticism. Drawing from François Laruelle's work in non-philosophy, he is calling his critical work non-buddhism. ([https://independent.academia.edu/GlennWallis1 Adapted from Source July 12, 2023]) +
Godard Hendrik Schokker was born in Batavia on December 4 1929. He studied Indian languages and theology at Groningen University. From 1965-1995 he was a lecturer of New Indo-Aryan languages at the Kern Institute, Leiden University. In 1966 he earned a PhD under the supervision of F.B.J. Kuiper, Leiden University. He retired in 1995. ([https://www.dutchstudies-satsea.nl/deelnemers/schokker-godard-hendrik/ Adapted from Source July 3, 2023]) +
Gomo Tulku (1922-1985), an accomplished Buddhist master, was born in Tibet. In his last year he taught widely in Europe where he inspired many devoted students. ([https://wisdomexperience.org/content-author/gomo-tulku/ Source Accessed Mar 12, 2025]) +
Gongdezhi was a translator who lived in the 5th century. He translated the ''Anantamukhasādhakadhāraṇī'' 無量門破魔陀羅尼經 (''Wúliàng mén pò mó tuóluóní jīng''), T1014, 19: https://21dzk.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/SAT2012/T1014.html. +
The present Gonsar Tulku Rinpoche was born in 1949 in Shigatse, Tibet, into an ancient royal family of the lineage of Tibetan kings. His father was the governor of Tsang Province in western Tibet. At the age of three, Gonsar Tulku Rinpoche was recognized as the fifth incarnation of Gonsar Tulku Rinpoche and confirmed by His Holiness the Dalai Lama. ([https://www.dig-heidelberg.de/events/religions-and-peace-a-buddhist-monks-view-on-india-by-gonsar-rinpoche/ Source Accessed Mar 13, 2025]). +
Gordon Davis’s research includes both historical work on ethical, political and metaphysical themes in the works of Hume, Kant and their contemporaries, and investigations into the applicability of methods of argument developed by these philosophers – as well as neo-Humean and neo-Kantian variations – to contemporary debates in ethics and metaethics. One of Gordon’s current projects explores the prospects for a theoretical synthesis of key elements within the three main traditions of contemporary ethical theory (consequentialism, Kantian deontology and virtue ethics). He also has a strong interest in applied ethics – especially issues surrounding biotechnology and obligations to future generations. ([https://carleton.ca/philosophy/people/davis-gordon/ Source Accessed Apr 16, 2021]) +
Gordon McDougall was director of Cham Tse Ling, the FPMT’s Hong Kong center, for two years in the 1980s and worked for Jamyang Buddhist Centre in London from 2000 to 2007. He helped develop the Foundation of Buddhist Thought study program and administered it for seven years. Since 2008 he has been editing Lama Zopa Rinpoche’s lamrim teachings for Lama Yeshe Wisdom Archive’s FPMT Lineage series. ([https://wisdomexperience.org/content-author/gordon-mcdougall/ Source Accessed Feb 23, 2021]) +
Graham Coleman is writer and director of the acclaimed feature documentary ''Tibet: A Buddhist Trilogy''. He studied Tibetan language and literature at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, and between 1976 and 1989 received teachings on Tibetan Buddhist theory and practice, privately, from H. H. the Fourteenth Dalai Lama, H. H. Trijang Rinpoche, H. H. Dudjom Rinpoche, H. H. Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, and H. E. the Sixth Tharig Rinpoche. He has been chief executive of the Orient Foundation for Arts and Culture since 1983, and since 1988 has co-managed the creation of Tibetan-knowledge.org, one of the world’s largest online multimedia archives of classical Tibetan knowledge. From 2014 to the present he has co-managed the formation of Gompa – Tibetan Monastery Services in cooperation with senior Tibetan lamas and the major monasteries and nunneries of India and Nepal. He is editor of ''A Handbook of Tibetan Culture'' (Rider, 1993), the first complete translation of the ''Tibetan Book of the Dead'' (Penguin Classics, 2005), and ''Meditations on Living, Dying, and Loss'' (Penguin, 2008). (Source: [https://wisdomexperience.org/wisdom-podcast/graham-coleman/ Wisdom Experience]) +
Graham E. Clarke (United Kingdom) (d. 1998) was coordinator of anthropology and development at Queens House in Oxford. A social anthropologist, he specialized in developmental issues, conducting field research in Nepal and Tibet. Hew was a member of the Panam Project Identification Mission of the European Community of Tibet. (Source: ''Imagining Tibet'', List of Contributors, 453) +
