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Francesca+Tarocco+is+Visiting+Associate+Professor+of+Buddhist+Cultures+at+NYU+Shanghai.+Prior+to+joining+NYU+Shanghai+she+was+Lecturer+in+Buddhist+Studies+and+Leverhulme+Trust+Research+Fellow+in+Chinese+History+at+the+University+of+Manchester%2C+UK.+%0A%0ATarocco%E2%80%99s+research+interests+are+in+the+cultural+history+of+China%2C+Chinese+Buddhism%2C+visual+culture+and+urban+Asia.+Her+books+include+%27%27The+Cultural+Practices+of+Modern+Chinese+Buddhism%3A+Attuning+the+Dharma%27%27+%28Routledge%2C+2007+and+2011%29+and+%27%27The+Re-enchantment+of+Modernity%3A+Buddhism%2C+Photography+and+Chinese+History%27%27+%282018%29.+Her+scholarly+articles+include+%E2%80%9CThe+City+and+the+Pagoda%3A+Buddhist+Spatial+Tactics+in+Shanghai%E2%80%9D+%282015%29%2C+%E2%80%9CTerminology+and+Religious+Identity%3A+The+Genealogy+of+the+Term+Zongjiao%2C%E2%80%9D+%282012%29+and+%E2%80%9COn+the+Market%3A+Consumption+and+Material+Culture+in+Modern+Chinese+Buddhism%E2%80%9D+%28Religion%2C+2011%29.+%0A+%0ATarocco+is+the+co-founder+and+director+of+the+international+research+initiative+Shanghai+Studies+Society+and+a+fellow+of+the+Critical+Collaborations+network+at+the+Institute+for+Advanced+Study+%28NYU%29.+She+is+the+recipient+of+awards+from+the+Leverhulme+Trust%2C+the+Sutasoma+Foundation+and+the+Chinese+Ministry+of+Education%2C+among+many+others.+Tarocco+is+a+regular+contributor+of+the+contemporary+visual+culture+journals+%27%27Parkett%27%27%2C+%27%27Flash+Art+International%27%27+and+%27%27Frieze%27%27.%0A%0A%3D%3D%3DResearch+Interests%3D%3D%3D%0AHistory+of+Religion+in+China%3Cbr%3E%0AShanghai+Buddhism%3Cbr%3E%0ABuddhist+Visual+Culture%3Cbr%3E%0AChinese+Photography%3Cbr%3E%0AChinese+Diasporic+Art%3Cbr%3E%0AGlobal+Visual+Culture+%0A+%0A%3D%3D%3DEducation%3D%3D%3D%0APhD%2C+Chinese+History%2C+University+of+London%3Cbr%3E%0AMA%2C+Chinese+Studies%2C+University+of+London%3Cbr%3E%0AMA%2C+Chinese+and+Buddhist+Studies%2C+Venice+University%3Cbr%3E%0A%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fshanghai.nyu.edu%2Facademics%2Ffaculty%2Fdirectory%2Ffrancesca-tarocco+Source+Accessed+Jan+10%2C+2020%5D%29
Born+in+Rome%2C+Italy%2C+in+1965%2C+Francesco+Sferra+studied+philosophy+and+Indology+at+the+University+of+Rome+%E2%80%9CLa+Sapienza%E2%80%9D+under+the+guidance+of+Prof.+Raniero+Gnoli%2C+Prof.+Raffaele+Torella+and+Prof.+Corrado+Pensa.+He+was+awarded+a+Doctorate+in+Sanskrit+by+the+same+University+in+1999.%0A%0AHe+has+a+permanent+appointment+for+the+teaching+of+Sanskrit+Language+and+Literature+at+the+University+of+Naples+%E2%80%9CL%E2%80%99Orientale.%E2%80%9D%0A%0AHis+main+research+areas+are%3A+tantric+traditions+in+pre-13th+century+South+Asia%2C+especially+Vajray%C4%81na+Buddhism%3B+%C5%9Aaivism%3B+and+classical+Indian+philosophy+of+language.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.tantric-studies.uni-hamburg.de%2Fpeople%2Fprof-francesco-sferra-naples.html+Source+Accessed+Dec+17%2C+2019%5D%29%0A%0A%0A%0A%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fdocenti.unior.it%2Findex2.php%3Fcontent_id%3D18425%26content_id_start%3D1+Curriculum+Vitae%5D +
Francis+Brassard+is+from+Quebec%2C+Canada.+He+received+his+PhD+from+McGill+University+in+religious+studies.+He+also+studied+at+the+Institut+f%C3%BCr+Kultur+und+Geschichte+Indiens+und+Tibets%2C+Hamburg+University.+His+research+interests+include+Buddhist+philosophy+and+psychology%2C+comparative+religions+and+philosophies%2C+and+interreligious+dialogue.+His+book%2C+%27%27The+Concept+of+Bodhicitta+in+%C5%9A%C4%81ntideva%27s+Bodhicary%C4%81vat%C4%81ra%27%27%2C+was+published+by+the+State+University+of+New+York+Press+%282000%29.+Some+of+his+other+publication+titles+include%3A+%22Buddhism%22+in+A+Catholic+Engagement+with+the+World+Religions%2C+Maryknoll%2C+New+York%3A+Orbis+Book+%282010%29%2C+%E2%80%9CAsking+the+Right+Question%E2%80%9D+in+Asian+Texts+-+Asian+Contexts%3A+Encountering+the+Philosophies+and+Religions+of+Asia.%2C+Albany%3A+SUNY+Press+%282010%29%2C+%E2%80%9COn+the+Origin+of+Religious+Discourse%E2%80%9D+in+The+Dialectics+of+the+Religious+%26+the+Secular%3A+Studies+on+the+Future+of+Religion.+Koninklijke+Brill+NV+%282014%29+and+%E2%80%9CRu%C4%91er+Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87+and+the+Structure+of+the+Experience+of+Scientific+Discovery%E2%80%9D+in+Cadmus%2C+Vol.+2%2C+6%2C+%28May+2016%29.+He+has+taught+at+Berry+College+in+Rome%2C+Georgia+%28USA%29+and+Miyazaki+International+College+in+Japan.+Francis+Brassard+is+a+Lecturer+at+RIT+Croatia+%28Dubrovnik+campus%29.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Fin%2Ffrancis-brassard-50992339%2F+Source+Accessed+Jan+6%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Francis+Dojun+Cook+was+born+and+raised+in+a+very+small+town+in+upstate+New+York+in+1930.+He+was+lucky+to+be+an+ordinary+kid+with+ordinary+parents.+By+means+of+true+grit+and+luck%2C+he+managed+to+acquire+several+academic+degrees+and+learn+something+about+Buddhism.+More+luck+in+the+form+of+a+Fulbright+Fellowship+enabled+him+to+study+in+Kyoto%2C+Japan%2C+for+a+year+and+a+half%2C+where+he+would+have+learned+more+had+he+not+spent+so+much+time+admiring+temple+gardens.+He+now+teaches+Buddhism+at+the+University+of+California%2C+Riverside%2C+and+is+director+of+translations+at+the+Institute+for+Transcultural+Studies+in+Los+Angeles.+He+remains+ordinary%2C+but+to+his+credit+it+can+be+said+that+he+raised+four+good+kids%2C+has+a+great+love+for+animals%2C+and+cooks+pretty+well.+A+sign+that+at+last+he+is+becoming+more+intelligent+is+that+he+became+a+student+of+Maezumi+Roshi+several+years+ago%2C+the+best+thing+he+ever+did.+He+is+also+the+author+of+%27%27Hua-yen+Buddhism%3A+The+Jewel+Net+of+Indra%27%27%2C+and+of+various+articles+on+Buddhism+in+scholarly+journals.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwisdomexperience.org%2Fcontent-author%2Ffrancis-dojun-cook%2F+Source+Accessed+Mar+18%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Francis+Woodman+Cleaves+%28born+in+Boston+in+1911+and+died+in+New+Hampshire+on+December+31%2C+1995%29+was+a+Sinologist%2C+linguist%2C+and+historian+who+taught+at+Harvard+University%2C+and+was+the+founder+of+Sino-Mongolian+studies+in+America.+He+is+well+known+for+his+translation+of+%27%27The+Secret+History+of+the+Mongols%27%27.%0A%0ACleaves+received+his+undergraduate+degree+in+Classics+from+Dartmouth+College%2C+and+then+enrolled+in+the+graduate+program+in+Comparative+Philology+at+Harvard%2C+but+transferred+to+the+study+of+Far+Eastern+Languages+under+Serge+Eliss%C3%A9eff+in+the+mid-1930s%2C+prior+to+the+formal+establishment+of+the+department.%0A%0AIn+1935%2C+on+a+fellowship+from+the+Harvard-Yenching+Institute%2C+Cleaves+went+first+to+Paris%2C+where+he+studied+Mongolian+and+other+Central+Asian+languages+with+the+Sinologist+Paul+Pelliot+for+three+years%2C+then+to+Beijing+where+he+studied+with+the+Mongolist+Antoine+Mostaert+S.J.+Always+an+avid+book+collector%2C+he+also+roamed+the+stalls+and+shops+in+Liulichang%2C+the+street+for+books+and+antiques.+There+he+accumulated+an+extensive+collection+not+only+in+Chinese+and+Mongolian%2C+his+own+interests%2C+but+also+in+Manchu%2C+which+he+did+not+plan+to+use+himself.+The+books+in+Manchu+were+particularly+rare+and+form+the+core+of+Harvard%27s+Manchu+collection.%0A%0ACleaves+returned+to+Harvard+in+1941+and+taught+Chinese+in+the+Department+of+Far+Eastern+Languages+as+well+as+worked+on+the+Harvard-Yenching+Institute+Chinese-English+dictionary+project.+In+the+following+year+he+received+his+Ph.D.+with+a+dissertation+entitled+%E2%80%9CA+Sino-Mongolian+Inscription+on+1362%2C%E2%80%9D+and+offered+Harvard%E2%80%99s+first+course+on+the+Mongolian+language.+Cleaves+enlisted+in+the+United+States+Navy+and+served+in+the+Pacific.+After+the+war+ended%2C+he+helped+to+relocate+Japanese+citizens+who+had+lived+in+China+back+to+Japan+and+sorted+through+the+books+they+left+behind+to+find+those+suitable+for+shipping+to+the+Harvard-Yenching+Library.%0A%0AIn+1946%2C+Cleaves+returned+to+Harvard+and+proceeded+to+teach+Chinese+and+Mongolian%2C+without+interruption%2C+for+the+next+thirty-five+years.+He+is+unique+for+being+the+only+professor+in+the+history+of+the+department+never+to+take+a+sabbatical.+He+trained+his+students+in+the+traditional+European+sinology+of+his+mentors.+Among+his+best-known+disciples+were+Joseph+Fletcher%2C+the+distinguished+Mongolist+and+historian%2C+and+Elizabeth+Endicott-West%2C+author+of+basic+studies+on+the+Yuan+dynasty+and+History+of+Mongolia.%0A%0ACleaves+had+an+especially+close+relation+with+William+Hung%2C+a+preeminent+scholar+who+had+become+his+friend+and+mentor+when+they+met+in+China+in+the+1930s.+A+mutual+friend+recalled+that+Cleaves+was+%22an+old-fashioned+gentleman+perhaps+more+at+home+with+his+cows%2C+horses%2C+and+fellow+farmers+in+New+Hampshire+than+with+the+academic+intrigues+of+Cambridge%2C%22+while+Hung+was+a+%22pragmatic+Confucianist.%22+The+two+would+meet+every+weekday+at+three+to+sip+tea+and+perhaps+read+from+the+Chinese+classics+or+dynastic+histories.+Cleaves+introduced+Hung+to+the+Mongol+histories%2C+and+Hung+published+several+articles+in+this+field.+Hung%27s+article+on+the+%27%27Secret+History+of+the+Mongols%27%27%2C+however%2C+drew+conclusions+which+Cleaves+did+not+feel+were+correct.+Out+of+respect+for+his+friend%2C+Cleaves+did+not+publish+his+own+translation+until+1985%2C+after+Hung%27s+death.%0A%0ACleaves+was+renowned+for+his+meticulously+annotated+translations+of+Chinese+and+Old+Mongolian+texts%2C+and+consistently+emphasized+literal+philological+accuracy+over+aesthetic+beauty.+He+published+over+seventy+books+and+articles%2C+many+of+which+were+on+bilingual+Sino-Mongolian+stele+inscriptions+from+the+thirteenth+and+fourteenth+centuries.+His+largest+project+was+a+complete+annotated+translation+of+the+%27%27Secret+History+of+the+Mongols%27%27%2C+of+which+only+the+first+volume+was+ever+published.+In+order+to+give+readers+the+flavor+of+the+original%2C+Cleaves+restricted+the+vocabulary+to+words+used+in+Elizabethan+English%2C+a+decision+which+made+the+text+hard+for+some+readers+to+comprehend.+In+1984%2C+Paul+Kahn+published+a+translation+based+on+Cleaves+but+using+contemporary+English.%0A%0AA+deeply+committed+teacher%2C+Cleaves+reluctantly+retired+in+1980%2C+and+continued+his+scholarship+on+Mongolian+history.+Much+of+his+work%2C+including+notes+on+the+remaining+sections+of+the+%27%27Secret+History%27%27+and+manuscripts+for+dozens+of+additional+articles%2C+remained+unpublished+at+the+time+of+his+death+in+1995.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFrancis_Woodman_Cleaves+Source+Accessed+Mar+12%2C+2021%5D%29
Franciscus+Bernardus+Jacobus+Kuiper+%28July+7%2C+1907+%E2%80%93+November+14%2C+2003%29+was+a+distinguished+scholar+in+Indology%2C+and+%22one+of+the+last+great+Indologists+of+the+past+century+...+His+very+innovative+work+covers+virtually+all+the+fields+of+Indo-Iranian+and+Indo-Aryan+philology%2C+linguistics%2C+mythology+and+theater%2C+as+well+as+Indo-European%2C+Dravidian%2C+Munda+and+Pan-Indian+linguistics.%22%0A%0AKuiper+was+born+in+The+Hague%2C+studied+Latin%2C+Greek%2C+Sanskrit%2C+and+Indo-European+linguistics+at+Leiden+University%2C+and+in+1934+completed+his+doctoral+thesis+on+the+nasal+presents+in+Sanskrit+and+other+Indo-European+languages.+After+%5Bserving%5D+years+as+a+high+school+teacher+of+Latin+and+Greek+at+the+lyceum+of+Batavia+%28Jakarta%29%2C+Indonesia%2C+in+1939+he+was+appointed+Professor+of+Sanskrit+at+Leiden+University.%0A%0AKuiper+was+a+member+of+the+Royal+Netherlands+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences+between+1937+and+1939%2C+when+he+resigned.+He+became+a+member+again+in+1948.+He+was+a+Knight+in+the+Order+of+the+Netherlands+Lion.+He+died+in+Zeist+and+was+buried+in+the+Rijnhof+cemetery+at+Leiden.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFranciscus_Bernardus_Jacobus_Kuiper+Source+Accessed+July+3%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Reynolds%2C+who+died+on+Jan.+9+at+age+88%2C+was+a+leading+expert+in+Theravada+Buddhism%2C+a+religion+predominantly+practiced+in+Sri+Lanka+and+Southeast+Asia.+He+is+remembered+not+only+for+his+lasting+impact+on+the+field%2C+but+for+his+work+as+a+teacher+and+mentor+during+his+34+years+on+the+UChicago+faculty.+.+.+.%3Cbr%3E%0A%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3BAn+ordained+Baptist+minister%2C+Reynolds%2C+AM%E2%80%9963%2C+PhD%E2%80%9971%2C+spent+three+years+teaching+at+a+university+in+Thailand+before+becoming+a+UChicago+graduate+student.+His+experience+working+with+Christians%2C+Buddhists+and+Muslims+in+Bangkok+led+him+to+seek+a+non-sectarian%2C+empirically+oriented+approach+to+religious+studies.%3Cbr%3E%0A%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3BIn+1967%2C+Reynolds+joined+the+faculty+at+the+University+of+Chicago%2C+where+his+interests+ranged+from+Thai+civic+religion+to+religious+studies+in+the+liberal+arts.+But+Reynolds+was+held+in+particularly+high+regard+for+his+work+to+deepen+knowledge+of+Theravada+Buddhism.%3Cbr%3E%0A%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3BReynolds+held+editorial+responsibilities+for+various+academic+publications%2C+including+a+decades-long+stint+as+co-editor+of+the+%27%27History+of+Religions+Journal%27%27.+Along+with+wife+Mani+Bloch+he+published+a+translation+of+a+14th-century+Thai+Buddhist+cosmology%2C+%27%27The+Three+Worlds+of+King+Ruang%27%27+%281982%29.%3Cbr%3E%0A%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3BHe+retired+in+2001+as+Professor+Emeritus+of+the+History+of+Religions+and+Buddhist+Studies+in+the+Divinity+School+and+the+Department+of+South+Asian+Languages+and+Civilizations.%3Cbr%3E%0A%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3BIn+2010%2C+Reynolds+received+the+Norman+Maclean+Faculty+Award+from+UChicago+in+recognition+of+his+outstanding+contributions+to+teaching+and+to+the+student+experience+of+life+on+campus.+Reynolds%E2%80%99+mentorship+extended+to+colleagues+as+well%2C+with+Doniger+calling+him+%E2%80%9Cthe+finest+teacher+I%E2%80%99ve+ever+known.%E2%80%9D+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fnews.uchicago.edu%2Fstory%2Ffrank-e-reynolds-leading-scholar-buddhism-and-revered-teacher-1930-2019+Adapted+from+Source+Sept+16%2C+2020%5D%29
Fran%C3%A7ois+Chenique+is+a+French+essayist+and+author+of+studies+on+esotericism.+He+was+a+professor+of+computer+science+at+Sciences-Po+Paris+and+participated+in+the+creation+of+one+of+the+first+computer+management+services+within+the+Society+of+Pont-%C3%A0-Mousson.+He+is+a+specialist+in+classical+and+modern+logic+and+has+written+several+books+on+this+subject.+%0A%0AChenique+also+held+a+doctorate+in+Religious+Sciences+from+the+University+of+Strasbourg.+He+devoted+himself+mainly+to+the+study+of+Christian+esotericism+in+the+traditionalist+tradition+initiated+by+Ren%C3%A9+Gu%C3%A9non.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFran%25C3%25A7ois_Chenique+Source+Accessed+Oct+18%2C+2019%5D%29 +
Fran%C3%A7ois+Jacquemart+%3A+%27%27%27This+is+the+given+name+of+%5B%5BTcheuky+S%C3%A8ngu%C3%A9%5D%5D.+See+that+page+for+more+information.%27%27%27 +
Fran%C3%A7oise+Pommaret+%28born+1954%29+is+a+French+ethno-historian+and+Tibetologist.%0A%0APommaret+grew+up+in+the+Congo.+She+received+her+Master+of+Arts+in+the+history+of+art+and+archeology+from+the+Sorbonne+University+and+completed+her+studies+in+Tibetan+at+the+Institut+national+des+langues+et+civilisations+orientalest+%28INALCO%29.+Her+doctoral+thesis+on+%22People+who+come+back+from+the+netherland+in+the+Tibetan+cultural+areas%22+received+the+prix+Delalande-Gu%C3%A9rineau+from+the+Acad%C3%A9mie+des+Inscriptions+et+Belles-Lettres.%0A%0AShe+holds+the+position+of+Director+of+Research+Emeritus+at+the+Centre+National+de+la+Recherche+Scientifique+%28CNRS%29+in+Paris.+Her+work+focuses+on+cultural+anthropology+in+Bhutan+and+she+has+published+extensively+on+different+aspects+of+Bhutanese+culture.%5B2%5D%5B3%5D%0A%0AShe+has+worked+in+Bhutan+since+1981+and+with+the+Bhutan+Tourism+Corporation+between+1981+and+1986%2C+after+which+she+participated+in+educational+and+cultural+projects+in+Bhutan.+She+has+been+a+consultant+for+UNESCO+as+well+as+guest-curator+for+exhibitions.+She+lectures+around+the+world+on+aspects+of+Bhutanese+history+and+culture.%0A%0APommaret+works+as+Associate+Professor+and+adviser+to+the+College+of+Language+and+Culture+Studies+%28CLCS%29%2C+Royal+University+of+Bhutan+and+worked+as+scientific+advisor+to+the+Bhutan+Cultural+Atlas.%0A%0APommaret+is+also+honorary+consul+of+France+in+Bhutan+and+the+president+of+the+association+of+Amis+du+Bhoutan+%28friends+of+Bhutan%2C+founded+1987%29.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFran%25C3%25A7oise_Pommaret+Source+Accessed+Nov+14%2C+2023%5D%29 +
https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFran%25C3%25A7oise_Robin +
Frederick+Eden+Pargiter+%281852+-+18+February+1927%29+was+a+British+civil+servant+and+Orientalist.%0A%0ABorn+in+1852%2C+Pargiter+was+the+second+son+of+Rev.+Robert+Pargiter.+He+studied+at+Taunton+Grammar+School+and+Exeter+College%2C+Oxford+where+he+passed+in+1873+with+a+first-class+in+mathematics.+Pargiter+passed+the+Indian+Civil+Service+examinations+and+embarked+for+India+in+1875.%0A%0APargiter+served+in+India+from+1875+to+1906+becoming+Under-Secretary+to+the+Government+of+Bengal+in+1885%2C+District+and+Sessions+Court+judge+in+1887+and+a+judge+of+the+Calcutta+High+Court+in+1904.+Pargiter+voluntarily+retired+in+1906+following+the+death+of+his+wife+and+returned+to+the+United+Kingdom.%0A%0APargiter+died+at+Oxford+on+18+February+1927+in+his+seventy-fifth+year.%0A%0AIn+his+Ancient+Indian+Historical+Tradition%2C+taking+the+accession+of+Chandragupta+Maurya+in+321+BC+as+his+reference+point%2C+Pargiter+dated+the+Battle+of+Kurukshetra+to+950+BC+assigning+an+average+of+14.48+years+for+each+king+mentioned+in+the+Puranic+lists.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FF._E._Pargiter+Source+Accessed+Apr+16%2C+2022%5D%29 +
Dr.+Frederick+Shih-Chung+Chen+holds+a+DPhil+degree+in+Oriental+Studies+from+the+University+of+Oxford+and+two+MA+degrees%2C+in+Oriental+and+African+Religions+and+in+the+History+and+Culture+of+Medicine%2C+respectively%2C+from+the+School+of+Oriental+and+African+Studies%2C+University+of+London.+He+is+a+Fellow+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland.+In+2004-2005%2C+he+was+a+research+fellow+at+the+Institute+of+Oriental+Studies%2C+University+of+Tokyo%2C+sponsored+by+the+Bukky%C5%8D+Dend%C5%8D+Ky%C5%8Dkai+fellowship.+After+completing+his+DPhil+degree%2C+he+was+awarded+Post-doctoral+fellowships+by+the+National+Science+Council+of+Taiwan+R.O.C.+and+the+Chiang+Ching-kuo+Foundation+of+European+Region+during+2010-2012%2C+to+conduct+his+research+project%2C+The+Early+Formation+of+the+Buddhist+Otherworld+Bureaucracy+in+Early+Medieval+China%2C+at+the+Faculty+of+Oriental+Studies%2C+University+of+Oxford.+He+has+published+articles+on+related+topics%2C+which+will+eventually+be+collected+in+a+planned+book.+Before+arriving+at+IKGF%2C+he+was+a+researcher+on+the+project%2C+Buddhist+Stone+Inscriptions+in+China%2C+at+the+Heidelberg+Academy+of+Science+and+Humanities+and+a+research+associate+at+the+Faculty+of+Archaeology%2C+University+of+Oxford.%3Cbr%3E%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3BDr.+Chen+specializes+in+East+Asian+Buddhism+and+Chinese+religions.+He+is+also+interested+in+the+history+of+Chinese+medicine+and+the+history+of+knowledge+transmission.+His+current+research+focuses+on+transcultural+exchange+between+Buddhism+and+Chinese+religions+in+the+border+areas+of+China+during+the+early+medieval+and+medieval+periods.+%28%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.ikgf.uni-erlangen.de%2Fpeople%2Findex.shtml%2Ffrederick-chen.shtml+Source+Accessed+May+26%2C+2020%5D%29 +
Frederick+William+Thomas+CIE+FBA+%2821+March+1867+%E2%80%93+6+May+1956%29%2C+usually+cited+as+F.+W.+Thomas%2C+was+an+English+Indologist+and+Tibetologist.%0A%0AThomas+was+born+on+21+March+1867+in+Tamworth%2C+Staffordshire.+After+schooling+at+King+Edward%27s+School%2C+Birmingham%2C+he+went+up+to+Trinity+College%2C+Cambridge+in+1885%2C+graduating+with+a+first+class+degree+in+both+classics+and+Indian+languages+and+being+awarded+a+Browne+medal+in+both+1888+and+1889.+At+Cambridge+he+studied+Sanskrit+under+the+influential+Orientalist+Edward+Byles+Cowell.%0A%0AHe+was+a+librarian+at+the+India+Office+Library+%28now+subsumed+into+the+British+Library%29+between+1898+and+1927.+Simultaneously+he+was+lecturer+in+comparative+philology+at+University+College%2C+London+from+1908+to+1935%2C+Reader+in+Tibetan+at+London+University+from+1909+to+1937+and+the+Boden+Professor+of+Sanskrit+at+Oxford+University+between+1927+and+1937%2C+in+which+capacity+he+became+a+fellow+of+Balliol+College.+His+students+at+Oxford+included+Harold+Walter+Bailey.%0A%0AThomas+became+a+Fellow+of+the+British+Academy+in+1927.+He+died+on+6+May+1956.%0A%0AThomas+collaborated+with+Jacques+Bacot+in+publishing+a+collection+of+Old+Tibetan+historical+texts.+In+addition+he+studied+many+Old+Tibetan+texts+himself+which+were+collected+in+his+four-volume+Tibetan+literary+texts+and+documents+concerning+Chinese+Turkestan+and+Ancient+folk-literature+from+North-Eastern+Tibet.+He+also+published+a+monograph+on+the+Nam+language%2C+and+wrote+an+unpublished+work+on+the+Zhangzhung+language.%0A%0AHis+catalogues+of+the+Tibetan+manuscripts+from+Central+Asia+brought+to+the+India+Office+Library+by+Marc+Aurel+Stein+remained+unpublished+until+2007%2C+when+his+catalogue+of+Tibetan+manuscripts+from+Stein%27s+third+expedition+was+published+on+the+website+of+the+International+Dunhuang+Project.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFrederick_William_Thomas_%28philologist%29+Source+Accessed+Apr+22%2C+2022%5D%29 +
Frederik+David+Kan+Bosch+%28Potchefstroom%2C+Transvaal%2C+17+June+1887+-+Leiden%2C+20+July+1967%29+was+an+archaeological+scientist+and+restorer+of+the+Borobudur+and+Prambanan+on+Java+from+1915+to+1936.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFrederik_David_Kan_Bosch+Source+Accessed+Sep+14%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Fredrik+Liland%27s+education+and+work+experience+have+mainly+been+in+the+areas+of+culture%2C+religion+and+language%2C+and+especially+the+topic+of+Buddhism.+He+lived+in+Nepal+in+retreat+from+2014+to+2019.+Prior+to+this%2C+he+was+mostly+engaged+in+work+that+involved+research+and+dissemination.+He+has+experience+as+a+translator%2C+word+processor%2C+teacher%2C+project+manager%2C+and+book+and+web+designer.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Fin%2Ffredrik-liland-b375371a7%2F+Adapted+from+Source+Feb+8%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Friedrich+Max+M%C3%BCller+%281823-1900%29%2C+Sanskrit+scholar+and+philologist%2C+was+a+pioneer+in+the+fields+of+Vedic+studies%2C+comparative+philosophy%2C+comparative+mythology+and+comparative+religion.+M%C3%BCller+was+born+on+6+December+1823+in+Dessau%2C+Germany%2C+to+the+popular+lyric+poet+Willhelm+M%C3%BCller+and+his+wife+Adelheid%2C+the+eldest+daughter+of+Pr%C3%A4sident+von+Basedow%2C+the+prime+minister+of+the+Anhalt-Dessau+duchy.+%5B...%5D+M%C3%BCller+won+a+scholarship+allowing+him+to+attend+the+University+of+Leipzig.%3C%2Fbr%3E%0A%0AIn+1841%2C+M%C3%BCller+entered+the+University+of+Leipzig%2C+concentrating+on+the+study+of+Latin+and+Greek+and+reading+Philosophy+%E2%80%93+in+particular+the+thought+of+G.+F.+W.+Hegel.+He+was+awarded+a+Doctor+of+Philosophy+degree+in+1843%2C+at+the+age+of+19%2C+for+his+dissertation%2C+%E2%80%98On+the+Third+Book+of+Spinoza%E2%80%99s+Ethics%2C+De+Affectibus.%E2%80%99+M%C3%BCller+travelled+to+Berlin+in+1844+to+study+with+Friedrich+Schelling%2C+whose+lectures+proved+to+be+very+influential+to+his+intellectual+development.+Whilst+in+Berlin%2C+he+was+also+given+access+to+the+Chambers+collection+of+Sanskrit+manuscripts.+At+Schelling%E2%80%99s+request%2C+M%C3%BCller+translated+some+of+the+most+important+passages+of+the+Upanishads%2C+which+he+understood+to+be+the+greatest+outcome+of+Vedic+literature.+He+emphasised+the+necessity+of+studying+the+ancient+hymns+of+the+Veda+in+order+to+be+able+to+appreciate+the+historical+growth+of+the+Indian+mind+during+the+Vedic+age.+M%C3%BCller+was+convinced+that+all+mythological+and+religious+theories+would+remain+without+a+solid+foundation+until+the+whole+of+the+Rig+Veda+had+been+published.%0A%0AM%C3%BCller+arrived+in+Paris+in+1845+where+he+studied+with+the+famous+French+Sanskrit+scholar+Eugene+Burnouff%2C+with+whom+he+remained+friends+for+many+years.+Burnouff+encouraged+M%C3%BCller+to+undertake+the+preparation+and+publication+of+a+full+edition+of+the+Rig+Veda%3B+this+project+proved+to+be+his+most+significant+and+lasting+contribution+to+scholarship.+To+further+his+work+on+the+Rig+Veda%2C+M%C3%BCller+came+to+London+in+June+1846+to+work+with+manuscripts+in+the+library+of+the+East+India+Company%2C+which+eventually+underwrote+much+of+the+expense+of+printing+M%C3%BCller%E2%80%99s+Rig+Veda.+While+M%C3%BCller+initially+came+to+England+to+spend+three+weeks+in+Oxford%2C+he+stayed+in+England%2C+making+it+his+home+for+the+remainder+of+his+life.+He+became+a+close+friend+of+William+Howard+Russell%2C+the+famous+Times+correspondent%2C+and+Baron+von+Bunsen%2C+the+Prussian+ambassador+in+London.+M%C3%BCller+was+visiting+Paris+in+early+1848+when+the+revolution+began%2C+but+he+and+his+valuable+manuscripts+were+able+to+return+unscathed+to+England.+In+1849+Oxford+University+Press+published+M%C3%BCller%E2%80%99s+first+volume+of+the+Rig+Veda%2C+the+sixth+and+final+volume+of+which+was+not+published+until+1874.+In+1851+he+was+appointed+Professor+of+Modern+European+Languages+at+Oxford+and+was+made+full+professor+in+1854.+He+became+a+naturalized+British+citizen+in+1855%2C+and+he+married+Georgina+Adelaide+on+3+August+1859%3B+their+marriage+produced+four+children.%3C%2Fbr%3E%0A%0AIn+1860%2C+M%C3%BCller+was+considered+for+Professor+of+Sanskrit+at+Oxford.+The+chair+has+been+left+vacant+due+to+the+death+of+the+previous+professor%2C+and+M%C3%BCller+was+by+far+the+most+eligible+candidate.+However%2C+at+this+time+in+Oxford%2C+candidates+for+professorships+were+elected+by+all+those+holding+MA+degrees+from+the+University+%28mostly+clergymen%29%2C+and+much+more+attention+was+paid+to+a+candidate%E2%80%99s+political+and+religious+view+than+to+his+academic+qualifications.+M%C3%BCller%E2%80%99s+Christianity%2C+which+was+of+a+liberal+Lutheran+variety%2C+was+brought+under+considerable+scrutiny%2C+and+the+supporters+of+M%C3%BCller%E2%80%99s+evangelical+competitor+even+waged+a+defamation+campaign+against+him+in+the+press.+Their+efforts+were+successful%2C+for+the+post+went+to+the+less+qualified+candidate.+%5BMonier-Williams%5D+%3C%2Fbr%3E%0A%0AAfter+M%C3%BCller%E2%80%99s+bitter+disappointment+at+being+passed+over+for+the+professorship%2C+the+focus+of+his+career+shifted+slightly.+He+continued+to+work+on+his+monumental+Rig+Veda%2C+but+most+of+his+time+was+devoted+to+the+preparation+of+books+and+lectures+on+comparative+philosophy+and+mythology+written+with+the+public+in+mind.+He+delivered+a+series+of+very+popular+lectures+at+the+Royal+Institution%2C+London%2C+on+the+science+of+language+in+1861+and+1863%2C+which+were+quickly+published+and+reprinted+fifteen+times+between+1861+and+1899.+His+contributions+to+such+public+discourse+brought+a+level+of+recognition+that+considerably+made+up+for+his+aforementioned+disappointment%2C+and+he+was+generally+thought+to+be+a+leading+figure+of+public+life+in+Victorian+England.%3C%2Fbr%3E%0A%0AIn+1868+the+University+of+Oxford+created+a+new+Chair+of+Comparative+Philology%2C+and+M%C3%BCller+became+its+first+occupant.+This+new+post+was+accompanied+by+a+decrease+of+lecturing+responsibilities+and+an+increase+in+salary%2C+both+of+which+were+welcome+changes.+After+twenty-five+years+of+service+at+Oxford%2C+he+formed+a+small+society+of+the+best+Oriental+scholars+from+Europe+and+India%2C+and+they+began+to+publish+a+series+of+translations+of+the+Sacred+Books+of+the+East.+M%C3%BCller+devoted+the+last+thirty+years+of+his+life+to+writing+and+lecturing+on+comparative+religion.+In+1873+he+published+Introduction+to+the+Science+of+Religion%2C+and+he+delivered+lectures+on+the+subject+at+the+Royal+Institution+%281870%29+and+Westminster+Abbey+%281873%29.+In+1878+M%C3%BCller+inaugurated+the+annual+Hibbert+lectures+on+the+science+of+religion+at+Westminster+Abbey%2C+and+he+was+invited+to+deliver+the+Gifford+Lectures+in+Natural+Theology+at+the+University+of+Glasgow.+%5B...%5D%0A%0AM%C3%BCller%E2%80%99s+other+important+project+during+those+years+was+founding+and+editing+of+a+series+of+English+translations+of+Indian%2C+Arabic%2C+Chinese+and+Iranian+religious+texts.+M%C3%BCller+translated+selections+from+the+hymns+of+the+Rig+Veda%2C+the+Upanishads%2C+and+the+Dhammapada%2C+a+Buddhist+text+and+also+contributed+to+The+Sacred+Books+of+the+East+published+by+Oxford+University+Press.+By+1900%2C+at+the+time+of+M%C3%BCller%E2%80%99s+death%2C+forty-eight+translated+volumes+had+been+published+in+the+series%2C+with+only+one+volume+remaining+to+be+published.+%5B...%5D%3C%2Fbr%3E+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.giffordlectures.org%2Flecturers%2Ffriedrich-max-m%C3%BCller+Source%3A+Gifford+Lectures%5D
Friedrich+Weller+%28born+July+22%2C+1889+in+Markneukirchen%2C+%E2%80%A0+November+19%2C+1980+in+Leipzig%29+was+a+German+philologist+and+Indologist.+After+graduating+from+high+school%2C+Friedrich+Weller+devoted+himself+to+studying+philology+at+the+University+of+Leipzig+before+starting+his+work+on+%27%27Zum+Lalita%27%27+in+1915.+.+.+.+%0A%0AAfter+completing+his+habilitation+in+Indology+at+the+University+of+Leipzig+in+1922%2C+he+was+appointed+private+lecturer+in+Chinese+and+East+Asian+religious+history+at+the+Philological+and+Historical+Department+of+the+Faculty+of+Philosophy%2C+which+he+completed+until+1928.+Immediately+thereafter%2C+Weller+received+the+unscheduled+professorship+for+Sanskrit+%2C+Chinese+and+East+Asian+religious+history%2C+before+he+took+over+the+chair+for+Indian+philology+in+1938%2C+which+he+held+until+his+retirement+in+1958.+In+1933+he+signed+the+professors%27+declaration+of+Adolf+Hitler+at+German+universities+and+colleges.%0A%0AWeller+was+a+full+member+of+the+Saxon+Academy+of+Sciences+from+1943+to+1980.+In+1955+he+was+awarded+the+GDR%27s+second+class+national+prize+for+science+and+technology.+In+recognition+of+his+services+in+the+field+of+Indology%2C+the+Friedrich+Weller+Prize%2C+endowed+with+2500+euros%2C+was+launched+in+1985.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fde.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFriedrich_Weller_%28Philologe%29+Source+Accessed+Mar+10%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Fumihiko+Sueki%2C+PhD%2C+is+a+professor+emeritus+of+the+University+of+Tokyo%2C+the+Graduate+University+for+Advanced+Studies%2C+and+the+International+Research+Center+for+Japanese+Studies.+His+research+focuses+mainly+on+reconstruction+of+the+intellectual+history+of+Buddhism+in+Japan+from+ancient+to+modern+times.+He+is+the+author+and+editor+of+a+number+of+books%2C+mainly+on+Japanese+Buddhism+and+the+history+of+Japanese+philosophy+and+religion.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Frk-world.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F03%2FDW18_7-12.pdf+Source+Accessed+Sep+17%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Funayama+Toru%2C+born+in+1961%2C+is+currently+a+professor+of+Buddhist+studies+at+Institute+for+Research+in+Humanities%2C+Kyoto+University%2C+Kyoto%2C+Japan.+His+research+mainly+covers+two+different+areas+in+the+history+of+Buddhism.+One+is+Chinese+Buddhism+from+the+fifth%E2%80%93seventh+centuries%2C+a+period+from+the+late+Six+Dynasties+period+up+to+early+Tang%3B+his+focuses+are+on+the+formation+of+Chinese+Buddhist+translation+and+apocrypha%2C+spread+of+the+notion+of+Mahayana+precepts%2C+the+exegetical+tradition+on+the+%27%27Nirvana+Sutra%27%27%2C+and+so+on.+The+other+is+philological+and+philosophical+issues+in+Buddhist+epistemology+and+logic+in+India+from+the+fifth%E2%80%93tenth+centuries%2C+particularly+Kamala%C5%9B%C4%ABla%27s+%28the+late+eighth+century%29+theory+of+perception.+In+both+areas%2C+he+is+interested+in+the+concept+of+saintliness+as+firmly+related+with+the+system+of+practice.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.iias.asia%2Fprofile%2Ftoru-funayama+Source+Accessed+June+16%2C+2020%5D%29 +