Callahan, E.

FirstName / namefirst	Elizabeth
LastName / namelast	Callahan
bio	Contemplative training and Tibetan studies from 1980 to 1990, which included three-year retreat at Kagyu Thubten Chöling, New York; has studied with, and interpreted for, Khenpo Tsültrim Gyamtso Rinpoche from 1985 to present; studied and interpreted at Nitartha Institute, 1996 to 1999. Tsadra Foundation Fellow since 2002. Previously Published Translations • Mahamudra: Ocean of Definitive Meaning, the Ninth Karmapa Wangchuk Dorje Completed Projects as a Tsadra Foundation Fellow • The Treasury of Knowledge: Book VI, Part 3; Frameworks of Buddhist Philosophy, Jamgön Kongtrul • The Profound Inner Reality, the Third Karmapa Rangjung Dorje, commentary by Jamgön Kongtrul
associatedwebsite	http://www.tsadrafnd.org/elizabeth-callahan.html
languageprimary	English
languagetranslation	Tibetan
languagetarget	English
affiliation	Tsadra Foundation; Director of Study Scholarships
affiliationsecondary	Marpa Foundation; Tsadra Advisory Board Member
religiousaffiliation	Kagyu; Tibetan Buddhism
StudentOf	Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso
currentworks	o Moonbeams: An Eloquent Elucidation of the Meditation Techniques of the Definitive Meaning, Mahāmudrā (Nges don phyag rgya chen po’i sgom rim gsal bar byed pa’i legs bshad zla ba’i ’od zer) by Dakpo Tashi Namgyal (Vajra Vidya edition, 530 pgs) o Mahāmudrā: Dispelling the Darkness of Ignorance (Phyag rgya chen po ma rig mun sel) by the ninth Karmapa, Wangchuk Dorje (Rigpe Dorje Practice Series, volume 10, 38 pgs) o Pointing Out the Dharmakāya With a Direct Gesture: Instructions on Connate Union, Mahāmudrā (Phyag rgya chen po lhan cig skyes sbyor gyi khrid chos sku mdzub tshugs su ngo sprod pa) by the ninth Karmapa, Wangchuk Dorje (Rigpe Dorje Practice Series, volume 10, 33 pgs) o Clarifying the Suchness of the Innate State: A Major Commentary on the Definitive Meaning, Mahāmudrā (Nges don phyag rgya chen po’i khrid yig chen mo gnyug ma’i de nyid gsal ba) by Dakpo Tashi Namgyal (Rigpe Dorje Practice Series, volume 11, 52 pgs)
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The Kagyu school traces its origin to the eleventh-century translator Marpa, who studied in India with Nāropa. Marpa's student Milarepa trained Gampopa, who founded the first monastery of the Kagyu order. As many as twelve subtraditions grew out from there, the best known being the Karma Kagyu, the Drikung, and the Drukpa.

Mahāmudrā refers to an advanced meditation tradition in Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna forms of Into-Tibetan Buddhism that is focused on the realization of the empty and luminous nature of the mind. It also refers to the resultant state of buddhahood attained through such meditation practice. In Tibet, this tradition is particularly associated with the Kagyu school, although all other schools also profess this tradition. The term also appears as part of the four seals, alongside dharmamūdra, samayamudrā, and karmamudrā.