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Chöpel, Gendün + (Amdo Gendun Chopel, a twentieth-century ph … Amdo Gendun Chopel, a twentieth-century philosopher-artist-historian, has emerged as one of the most controversial figures in the recent history of the Land of Snows. He remains to this day the most admired and loved writer and poet, bridging the divide between tradition and modernity. He traveled widely in India and the Himalayan region in the 1930s and 40s, encountering philosophers and revolutionaries and absorbing their ideas. His compositions, from descriptions of New York skyscrapers to brilliant commentary on Madhyamaka philosophy, are widely read. In the chaotic last days of the Tibetan state he was accused of being a Communist spy and was imprisoned in Lhasa, his unfinished Political History of Tibet destroyed, and his spirit broken. He died just weeks after the Chinese Communists arrived in Lhasa.r the Chinese Communists arrived in Lhasa.)
Mchims nam mkha' grags pa + (Chim Namkha Drak (mchims nam mkha' grags) … Chim Namkha Drak (mchims nam mkha' grags) was born in Mondoi Kau (smon 'gro'i kha'u) in Upper Nyang (myang stod), in U, in 1210, the iron-horse year of the fourteenth sexagenary cycle. He was of the Chim (mchims) clan. His parents were named Dargon (dar mgon) and Lhemen (lhas sman); his father's family claimed descent from Chim Dorje Drelching (mchims rdor rje sprel chung), a minister to the Tibetan king, Tri Songdeutsen (khri srong lde'u btsan, 742-797).He took novice vows and later full monastic ordinations by a lama named Pelden Dromoche (dpal ldan gro mo che), who was possibly the same person as the fourth abbot of Nartang Monastery (snar thang dgon), Droton Dutsi Drakpa (gro ston bdud rtsi grags pa, 1153-1232), one of his main teachers.He studied the texts of the Kadam tradition with several masters, including the fifth abbot of Nartang, Zhangton Chokyi Lama (zhang ston chos kyi bla ma, 1184-1241); the sixth abbot of Nartang, Sanggye Gompa Sengge Kyab (sangs rgyas sgom pa seng ge skyabs, 1179-1250); Chim Loten Nyamme (mchims blo brtan mnyam med, d.u.); Geshe Tashi Gangpa (dge bshes bkra shis sgang pa, d.u.); Drubtob Maṇi Hūṃbar (grub thob ma Ni hUM 'bar, d.u.). Tashi Gangpa transmitted the Avalokiteśvara teachings passed from Jangsem Dawa Gyeltsen (byang sems zla ba rgyal mtshan, d.u).sen (byang sems zla ba rgyal mtshan, d.u).)
Mchog gyur gling pa + (Chokgyur Lingpa was one of the most prolif … Chokgyur Lingpa was one of the most prolific treasure revealers of the nineteenth century. Based in Kham, he was a close collaborator with Jamgon Kongtrul and Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, with whom he revealed treasure and opened sacred sites. Among his best-known revelations are the Barche Kunsel, the Zabpa Kor Dun, and the Lamrim Yeshe Nyingpo, for which Jamgon Kongtrul wrote a famous commentary. Chokgyur Lingpa also revealed an enumeration of great sites in Khams that had a significant impact on the sacred geography of the region. He established two monastic centers, Tsike and Netan, seats of the Tsike and Neten lines of his reincarnation.sike and Neten lines of his reincarnation.)
Phyogs las rnam rgyal + (Chokle Namgyel (phyogs las rnam rgyal), wh … Chokle Namgyel (phyogs las rnam rgyal), who is also known by the name Chokyi Gyelpo (chos kyi rgyal po), was born in the western region of Ngari (mnga' ris) in 1306. As a young child he received teachings from several Tibetan masters and studied Sanskrit with the Indian or Nepalese paṇḍita Umapati (u ma pa ti). In 1313, when he was eight years old, he traveled to the central Tibetan region of Tsang and began the study of Madhyamaka philosophy with the expert scholar Tsangnakpa (gtsang nag pa) and other teachers. He also studied epistemology, the literature of the vehicle of perfections, abhidharma, the monastic code, and tantric subjects at different monasteries for some years.In 1325 Chokle Namgyel studied at the great monastery of Sakya (sa skya) and also at Drakram (brag ram dgon). At this point he was a strong advocate of the rangtong (rang stong) view. He then visited many monasteries in central Tibet and Tsang for further studies and during this trip received the nickname Chokle Namgyel, “Victorious in All Directions” because of his consummate skill in debate. He returned to Sakya, where he was again victorious in debate, and also traveled to several other places in central Tibet and Tsang, including Zhalu Monastery (zhwa lu) Monastery. There he received teachings from the great master Buton Rinchen Drub (bu ston rin chen grub)Buton Rinchen Drub (bu ston rin chen grub))
Rgyal mkhan po grags pa rgyal mtshan + (Drakpa Gyeltsen served as the twenty-third … Drakpa Gyeltsen served as the twenty-third throne holder of Labrang Monastery, from 1801 to 1804, and briefly for a second time some years later. While studying at Gomang in Lhasa he served as the abbot of Chokhor Gyel. A student of the Second Jamyang Zhepa, who identified him as the reincarnation of a student of the First Jamyang Zhepa, he organized the search and enthronement of the Third Jamyang Zhepa.d enthronement of the Third Jamyang Zhepa.)
Gro ston bdud rtsi grags + (Droton Dutsi Drakpa (gro ston bdud rtsi gr … Droton Dutsi Drakpa (gro ston bdud rtsi grags) was born into a family of the Dro (gro) clan at a place called Chugolam (chu dgo lam) in Tsang, in 1153, the water-bird year of the thirteenth sexagenary cycle.He was granted novice vows by Zhonnu Sengge (gzhon nu seng ge, d.u), presumably at Nartang Monastery (snar thang dgon). He received the complete teachings of the Kadam tradition from Doton Sherab Drakpa (rdo ston shes rab grags pa, 1127-1185), the second abbot of Nartang, and his disciple, Zhangtsun Dorje Ozer (zhang btsun rdo rje ‘od zer, 1122-1194), the monastery's third abbot.He also received the instructions of Lamrim (''lam rim'') from Chumikpa Sherab Drak (chu mig pa shes rab grags pa, d.u.) apparently using a text composed by the First Karmapa, Dusum Khyenpa (karma pa 01 dus gsum mkhyen pa, 1110-1193). Thereafter the Nartang Lamrim instructions consisted of two transmission lineages, one stemming from Sharawa Yonden Drak (sha ra ba yon tan grags, 1070-1141), the teacher of the founder of Nartang, Tumton Lodro Drakpa (gtum ston blo gros grags pa, 1106-1166), and the other stemming from the Karmapa.He received extensive teachings from Sanggye Wondon (sangs rgyas dbon ston, d.u) as well.Three times he went to Reting Monastery (rwa sgreng) to distribute alms.In 1185 he succeeded Zhangtsun Dorje Ozer as abbot of Nartang, serving as the fourth throne holder for about thirty-nine years, until his death in 1232.hirty-nine years, until his death in 1232.)
Go rams pa bsod nams seng ge + (Gorampa Sonam Sengge, the Sixth Ngor Khenc … Gorampa Sonam Sengge, the Sixth Ngor Khenchen, was a disciple of Rongton Sheja Kunrik and Ngorchen Kunga Zangpo. He was an important thinker of the Sakya tradition, establishing a Madhyamaka view that was critical of both Dolpopa and Tsongkhapa. Gorampa founded Tanak Serling and Tanak Tubten Namgyel monasteries. The latter would become an important teaching center for the Sakya tradition. Famed for his learning in both sutras and tantras, he became known as one of the “Ornaments of Tibet” an epithet granted to six of the Sakya tradition's most revered masters.he Sakya tradition's most revered masters.)
Rgyal sras gzhan phan mtha' yas + (Gyelse Zhenpen Taye Wozer was a founder an … Gyelse Zhenpen Taye Wozer was a founder and second abbot of Śrī Siṃha, the Dzogchen monastic college. Considered to have been the eighth abbot of Dzogchen Monastery, he was also the founder of Gemang monastery. He was said to have been a reincarnation of Terdak Lingpa.ave been a reincarnation of Terdak Lingpa.)
'jam mgon kong sprul + (Jamgön Kongtrul is often described as one … Jamgön Kongtrul is often described as one of the greatest scholars in the history of Tibet. A Karma Kagyu lama and model of rimay ecumenical activity, he collaborated closely with the Sakya lama Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo and the Nyingma treasure revealer Chokgyur Lingpa, in the opening of sacred sites and the revelation of treasure. His prodigious literary output, categorized as the Five Treasuries, cover the entire range of Tibetan Buddhist theory and ritual as well as numerous other topics, and preserved scores of Tibetan religious traditions that were at the time in danger of being lost. Based primarily at Pelpung Monastery, in Derge in eastern Tibet, he built the nearby hermitage of Tsadra Rinchen Drak, which became his personal seat. Multiple incarnation lines were recognized after his death, including the main Jamgön Kongtrul line, based at Pelpung, the Dzokchen Kongtrul line and the Dzigar Kongtrul line.ongtrul line and the Dzigar Kongtrul line.)
'jam dbyangs mkhyen brtse'i dbang po + (Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo was one of the mos … Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo was one of the most prominent lamas of the nineteenth century of any tradition. He is said to have received teachings from over one hundred and fifty lamas of all traditions and served as teacher to most of the lamas of Kham in the second half of the nineteenth century. From his seat at Dzongsar Monastery in Derge, a branch of Ngor, he traveled twice to Tibet, and endlessly traversed Kham teaching and performing religious rituals. He famously worked closely with Jamgon Kongtrul and Chokgyur Lingpa, at the center of a religious revival the effects of which are still being felt. He was involved with the creation of Jamgon Kongtrul’s “Five Treasuries” and assisted Chokgyur Lingpa with the production of most of his treasures, authorizing and providing the organization of the revelations. He was a treasure revealer in his own right, included by Jamgon Kongtrul as the last in a list of “five kingly treasure revealers.” list of “five kingly treasure revealers.”)
'jam dbyangs bzhad pa'i rdo rje + (Jamyang Zhepai Dorje, the First Jamyang Zh … Jamyang Zhepai Dorje, the First Jamyang Zhepa, was a noted scholar and prominent Geluk lama, a self-styled defender of Geluk orthodoxy against syncretic and ecumenical trends in the tradition. A native of Amdo, he was educated at Drepung and Gyume monasteries, later serving as abbot of Drepung Gomang Monastery and composing most of the texts for its monastic curriculum. During his tenure he was a staunch supporter of Lhazang Khan and an opponent of Desi Sanggye Gyatso, the Fifth Dalai Lama's regent. Having gained fame in Lhasa, he returned to Amdo in 1709 and founded Labrang Tashikhyil, which grew to become one of the major Geluk monasteries in the Tibetan region. He later established a Tantric school there and also at Gonlung Jampa Ling.hool there and also at Gonlung Jampa Ling.)
Mi pham rgya mtsho + (Ju Mipam Gyamtso was a prolific author who … Ju Mipam Gyamtso was a prolific author who brought formal philosophical study, including debate, to the Nyingma tradition. Based in Kham during a period of great inter-sectarian exchange, he trained with the Kagyu lama Jamgön Kongtrul and the Sakya lama Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, among others, even as he preserved a strong Nyingma identity. Among his most celebrated works are the ''Beacon of Certainty'' and a commentary on the Ninth Chapter of the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra''. In addition to his considerable literary output he spent decades of his life in retreat.t he spent decades of his life in retreat.)
Kun bzang dpal ldan + (Khenchen Kunzang Pelden was a Nyingma scho … Khenchen Kunzang Pelden was a Nyingma scholar and teacher associated with Katok Monastery. A student of a number of distinguished Nyingma teachers including Dza Patrul and Ju Mipam, he was an important Longchen Nyingtik lineage holder. He composed a famous commentary to the ''Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra'', and served Katok Monastery as the first abbot of its study center, Shedrub Norbu Lhunpo, for three years. Following retirement he returned to his hometown and taught until his death in 1944.metown and taught until his death in 1944.)
Kun dga' dpal ldan + (Kunga Pelden was a twentieth-century yogin … Kunga Pelden was a twentieth-century yogin who resided around Dzogchen Monastery. He was a heart student of Orgyen Tendzin Norbu, himself a disciple of Patrul Rinpoche. He mostly spent his life in retreat and was a proponent of The Guru's Inner Essence, or Lama Yangtik, and the practices of the channels, vital energies, vital essences, and physical yogas of the Heart Essence of the Great Expanse, or Longchen Nyingtik. Kunga Pelden received Lama Yangtik, Longchen Nyingtik, and the physical yogas from Orgyen Tendzin Norbu and the practice of the channels, vital energies, and vital essences from Pema Tekchok Loden.nd vital essences from Pema Tekchok Loden.)
Mi nyag kun bzang bsod nams + (Kunzang Sonam of Minyak (b.1823 - d.1905) … Kunzang Sonam of Minyak (b.1823 - d.1905) studied widely, especially in the Geluk tradition, before becoming one of the principal disciples of Patrul Rinpoche and Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo. After his studies, he returned to his homeland of Minyak, where he spent time in isolated hermitages. He was renowned for his ethical conduct and his mastery of the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'', a text on which he wrote three major commentaries, including his monumental, 460-folio magnum opus, ''Excellent Vase''. His writings also include a guide to Ngulchu Tokme Zangpo’s ''Thirty-Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva'', commentaries on two sūtras, and, it is claimed, several texts published in the name of his own student, Loter Wangpo.the name of his own student, Loter Wangpo.)
Skyo ston smon lam tshul khrims + (Kyotön Mönlam Tsultrim was born into the K … Kyotön Mönlam Tsultrim was born into the Kyo (''skyod'') clan at a place named Tanakyang (''rta nag yang''), in U (''dbus''), in 1219, the earth-rabbit year of fourteenth sexagenary cycle.He studied the complete Kadam traditions under the guidance of the sixth abbot, Sanggye Gompa Sengge Kyab (sangs rgyas sgom pa seng ge skyabs, 1179-1250) and the seventh abbot of Nartang Monastery (''snar thang dgon''), Chim Namkha Drak (mchims nam mkha’ grags, 1210-1285). Drak (mchims nam mkha’ grags, 1210-1285).)
Bsod nams dpal + (Nyemdowa Sonam Pel, the son of Nyemdowa Mawai Sengge, was a disciple of Drakpa Jungne, the fourth abbot of Drigung Monastery.)
A khu ching shes rab rgya mtsho + (Sherab Gyatso, the secretary of the Third Jamyang Zhepa, was a highly respected scholar based at Labrang Tashikhyil.)
Bsod nams rtse mo + (Sonam Tsemo, the son of Sachen Kunga Nyingpo, was the second of the five founding patriarchs of the Sakya tradition. He was also the fourth Sakya Tridzin at Sakya Monastery, although he served as active head of the monastery for only a few years.)
Sum pa mkhan po ye shes dpal 'byor + (Sumpa Khenpo Yeshe Peljor was a prominent … Sumpa Khenpo Yeshe Peljor was a prominent eighteenth-century Geluk lama of Amdo. He was ethnically Mongol -- most likely Oirat, from the Dzungar Federation. He was educated in Amdo monasteries such as Kumbum and at Drepung Gomang in Lhasa, and served as abbot of many monasteries including Gonlung, Dreyul Kyetsel, Pari Tashi Choling, Serlung, and Ganden Chodzong Hermitage, which he founded. He visited China several times at the request of the Qianlong Emperor, and spent about eight years in Mongolia giving teachings and empowerments as per the requirement. A prolific author, he composed works on many subjects, most famously his history of Amdo and of Buddhism in India, Mongolia, and Tibet. Present in Lhasa during the upheavals of the early eighteenth century in which Mongolian tribes and the Manchu Empire vied for political control of Tibet, Sumpa Khenpo wrote with a strident Geluk partisanship. wrote with a strident Geluk partisanship.)
Panchen Lama, 4th + (The Fourth Paṇchen Lama, Lobzang Chokyi Gy … The Fourth Paṇchen Lama, Lobzang Chokyi Gyeltsen, who was the first to hold the title, lived during a time of tremendous political and religious change in Tibet. During his near-century long life the Geluk government of the Fifth Dalai Lama, the Ganden Podrang, took power in Tibet, and Bhutan established itself as an independent state under the rule of the Drukpa Kagyu, both events in which he was intimately connected. Lobzang Chokyi Gyeltsen was a teacher to many powerful Tibetan, Bhutanese and Mongolian political and religious figures, including the Fourth and the Fifth Dalai Lamas, and the First Jetsundampa of Mongolia. The Sixteenth abbot of Tashilhunpo, he was given the title Paṇchen Lama by the Fifth Dalai Lama, who declared him an emanation of Amitabha. By the system advanced by the Ganden Podrang, Chokyi Gyeltsen is considered the First Paṇchen, not counting three previous incarnations, beginning with Kedrubje, one of Tsongkhapa’s close disciples. A prolific author, Chokyi Gyeltsen is credited with over a hundred compositions, including a number of commentaries and ritual texts that remain central in the Gelukpa tradition.t remain central in the Gelukpa tradition.)
Pawo Rinpoche, 2nd + (The Second Pawo Tsuklak Trengwa was a prom … The Second Pawo Tsuklak Trengwa was a prominent sixteenth-century Kagyu scholar whose best known composition was the ''Chojung Khepai Gaton'' (''chos 'byung khas pa'i dga' ston''), or ''Scholars Feast'', a history of Buddhism in India and Tibet, as well as the history of the Karma Kagyu tradition. He is also famous for a massive commentary (975 folios) on the ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' (''The Way of the Bodhisattva''), which is still the standard for Karma Kagyu commentaries. He was a disciple of the Eighth Karmapa, the Fourth Zhamar, Dakpo Chokle Namgyel and other Kagyu lamas. He supervised the cremation the Eighth Karmapa, enthroned the Fifth Zhamar and also later organized the enthronement of the Ninth Karmapa.zed the enthronement of the Ninth Karmapa.)
Dzogchen Drubwang, 3rd + (The Third Dzogchen Drubwang, Ngedon Tendzin Zangpo was the fifth abbot of Dzogchen Monastery, from 1773 to his death. During his tenure he sponsored the first printing of the so-called Tibetan Book of the Dead.)
Gzhan phan chos kyi snang ba + (Zhenpen Chokyi Nangwa, a disciple of Orgye … Zhenpen Chokyi Nangwa, a disciple of Orgyen Tendzin Norbu, was the nineteenth abbot of Dzogchen's Śrī Siṃha college, the founder and first abbot of Dzongsar's Khamshe monastic college, and the teacher of countless Nyingma, Sakya and Kagyu lamas. He and his disciples was said to have established nearly one hundred study centers, emphasizing the study of thirteen Indian root texts.g the study of thirteen Indian root texts.)
ShAkya shrI + (Śākya Śrī was an influential yogic practit … Śākya Śrī was an influential yogic practitioner and teacher in Kham who traveled throughout the Himalaya giving teachings in Mahāmudrā and Dzogchen. A student of some of the era's greatest lamas, including the Sixth Khamtrul, Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, and Ju Mipam Gyatso, he taught hundreds of disciples including the Tenth Drukchen and Sonam Zangpo, the brother of the first king of Bhutan., the brother of the first king of Bhutan.)

'jam dbyangs kun dga' rnam rgyal + (Dezhung Chopel Jamyang Kunga Namgyel was the fifth abbot of Khamshe College, from 1935 to 1940.)

Thub bstan dge legs rgya mtsho + (Bamda Gelek, whose given name was Tubten G … Bamda Gelek, whose given name was Tubten Gelek Gyatso, was one of the greatest scholar-practitioners of the Jonang tradition. Based largely at Dzamtang, he was considered the reincarnation of various masters, including the Indian saint Candrakīrti, the siddha Nāropa, and two famous early Jonang lamas, Tāranātha and Kunga Drolchok. Because of his strong interest in the Geluk tradition, some thought him to also be an incarnation of the great Geluk scholar Jamyang Zhepa. His intellectual prowess and strong devotion to the deity Mañjuśrī, his tutelary deity, led others to surmise that he might be an emanation of the deity himself.ight be an emanation of the deity himself.)
Bu ston rin chen grub + (Butön Rinchen Drup, a Sakya lama raised in … Butön Rinchen Drup, a Sakya lama raised in a Nyingma family, was the eleventh abbot of Zhalu Monastery, from 1320 to 1356. Some enumerations list him as the first abbot, as he significantly expanded the institution. He was an important teacher of the Prajñāpāramitā, and a key lineage holder of the Guhyasamāja and Kālacakra tantras as transmitted in the Geluk tradition, and the Kālacakra, Hevajra and Sampuṭa tantras as transmitted in the Sakya tradition. He is generally credited as the creator of the Tibetan Buddhist canon, the Kangyur and Tengyur, and his History of Buddhism is still widely read. In addition to his Sakya training he also studied in the Kadam and Kagyu traditions.studied in the Kadam and Kagyu traditions.)
Spyan snga blo gros rgyal mtshan + (Chennga Lodro Gyeltsen, one of the princip … Chennga Lodro Gyeltsen, one of the principal students of Khedrubje, was an early Geluk scholar-adept. He was educated in the classical scholastic curriculum and gained a reputation as a learned scholar at an early age. After his ordination, he received special instructions from Tsongkhapa's close disciple Tokden Jampel Gyatso. He served as abbot of two monasteries for a few years, but spent most of his adult life as a hermit. Although he wrote on a variety of topics, Lodro Gyeltsen is renowned for his extensive writings on Lojong, or Mind-Training, and Lamrim, or the Stages of the Path.ng, and Lamrim, or the Stages of the Path.)
Se ra rje btsun chos kyi rgyal mtshan + (Chokyi Gyeltsen was the twelfth abbot of Sera Monastery. He studied in Tashilhunpo and Sera and served as disciplinarian of Tashilhunpo. His collected works are in seven volumes.)
Khyentse, Dilgo + (Dilgo Khyentse Tashi Peljor was one of the … Dilgo Khyentse Tashi Peljor was one of the most prominent Nyingma lamas of the twentieth century, widely known also in the West. The mind reincarnation of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, his seat was Shechen Monastery, which he reestablished in Boudhanath, Nepal, in 1980. After fleeing the Communist takeover of Tibet, Dilgo Khyentse settled in Bhutan. A prolific author and treasure-revealer, his compositions are collected in twenty-five volumes. Although he received novice vows at age ten, he never fully ordained, living the life of a householder with wife and children.e of a householder with wife and children.)
Ngor mkhan chen, 13th + (Drangti Panchen Namkha Pelzang was the Thirteenth Ngor Khenchen, or abbot of Ngor Monastery, a post he held twice, from 1579 to 1582, and again from 1590 to 1595.)
Dri med kun dga' + (Drime Kunga was a fourteenth-century treas … Drime Kunga was a fourteenth-century treasure revealer and the founder of a tantric community in Kongpo. He is renowned as one of the "Three Drimes" along with Drime Wozer, i.e., Longchen Rabjampa Drime Wozer, and Drime Lhunpo, a close contemporary. Among the treasure discoveries attributed to him, he was historically most well known for an Avalokiteśvara-centered text cycle, the Mahākaruṇika: Supreme Light of Gnosis. This collection is extant today along with Drime Kunga's biographies of the Indian adept Mitrayogin and Padmasambhava's Tibetan consort, Yeshe Tsogyel.sambhava's Tibetan consort, Yeshe Tsogyel.)
'jam dbyangs mkhyen brtse chos kyi blo gros + (Dzongsar Khyentse Chokyi Lodro was one of … Dzongsar Khyentse Chokyi Lodro was one of the most influential religious teachers in Kham in the first half of the twentieth century. One of multiple reincarnations of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, he served as head of Dzongsar Monastery, which he enlarged, founding the monastic college, Khamshe, in 1918. Chokyi Lodro fled Kham in 1955 during the Communist takeover of Tibet, settling in Sikkim, where he passed away in 1959.g in Sikkim, where he passed away in 1959.)
Sga ston ngag dbang legs pa + (Gaton Ngawang Lekpa was one of the most pr … Gaton Ngawang Lekpa was one of the most prominent Sakya lamas of the early twentieth century. He was a disciple of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo and the root teacher of Dezhung Rinpoche. In addition to teaching widely in Kham, Ngawang Legpa spent fifteen years in closed retreat.gpa spent fifteen years in closed retreat.)
Thogs med bzang po + (Gyalse Tokme Zangpo was a Kadampa master o … Gyalse Tokme Zangpo was a Kadampa master of the fourteenth century based at Ngulchu Monastery where he sat in retreat for twenty years. He had previously served as the abbot of Bodong E for about nine years, from 1326 to 1335. Significant in the transmission of Lojong teachings, his compositions include the famous ''Thirty-seven Practices of the Bodhisattva'', one of the classics of Tibetan buddhist literature. A specialist in tantric Mahākaruṇā, he was a disciple of Butön Rinchen Drup and a teacher of Rendawa Zhönu Lodrö, and is counted as seventy-third in the Lamrim lineage.ed as seventy-third in the Lamrim lineage.)
Rgyal tshab rje dar ma rin chen + (Gyaltsap Je Darma Rinchen was one of the c … Gyaltsap Je Darma Rinchen was one of the chief disciples of Tsongkhapa. He was a prolific writer, composing on Madhyamaka and tantric topics, most famously a commentary on the Bodhicaryāvatāra. He served as the second abbot of Ganden Monastery, following the death of Tsongkhapa in 1419, and occupied the position, known as the Ganden Tripa, until the year before his own death.ripa, until the year before his own death.)
Zhechen Rabjam, 5th + (Gyurme Kunzang Tenpai Gyeltsen, the Fifth Shechen Rabjam, was a close disciple of the Fourth Dzogchen Drubwang, Mingyur Namkhai Dorje, and Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo.)
TA ra nA tha + (In the history of the Jonang tradition Tār … In the history of the Jonang tradition Tāranātha is second in importance only to Dölpopa himself. He was responsible for the Jonang renaissance in U-Tsang during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, and the widespread revitalization of the zhentong teachings. Like his previous incarnation, Kunga Drolchok, Tāranātha practiced and taught from many different lineages and was nonsectarian in his approach to realization. He was also one of the last great Tibetan translators of Sanskrit texts. The abbot of Jonang Monastery, he emphasized the practice of the Sakya teachings of Lamdre and the esoteric instructions of the Shangpa Kagyu, but he specially focused on the explication of the Kālacakra Tantra and the practice of its Six-branch Yoga as the most profound of all the teachings given by the Buddha. It is clear in his writings that Tāranātha considered Dölpopa to be the ultimate authority in matters of doctrine and practice.ority in matters of doctrine and practice.)
Ngag dbang kun dga' bsod nams + (Jamyang Amnye Zhab Ngawang Kunga Sonam, wh … Jamyang Amnye Zhab Ngawang Kunga Sonam, who served as the twenty-eighth Sakya Trichen, was a disciple of Muchen Sanggye Gyeltsen. He was a prolific author, composing over seven hundred titles, among them famous histories of the Khon family, the Lamdre lineage, the Kadampa lineage, and of tantric teachings at the center of the Sakya traditions including the Kālacakra, Cakrasaṃvara, Guhyasamāja, Yamāntaka, and Mahākāla. He was fully ordained in his youth but returned his vows after being enthroned in order to take a wife and produce an heir for the Khon family. He took an active role in negotiating the end to conflicts both between Tibet and Bhutan and among Bhutanese factions.t and Bhutan and among Bhutanese factions.)
Sakya Trizin, 13th + (Jamyang Donyo Gyeltsen ('jam dbyangs don y … Jamyang Donyo Gyeltsen ('jam dbyangs don yod rgyal mtshan) was born in 1310. His parents were the Eleventh Sakya Tridzin, Zanpo Pel (sa skya khri 'dzin 11 bzang po dpal, 1305-1343) and his sixth wife, Machik Zhonbum (ma gcig gzhon 'bum), the daughter of Zhalu Kuzhang Gonpo Pel (zha lu sku zhang mgon po dpal).He is said to have been regarded as handsome, kind, soft-spoken, and affable, such that people were naturally drawn to him. As a young man he studied with the major Sakya and Kadam teachers of the day, including Khenchen Sonam Drakpa (mkhan chen bsod nams grags pa, 1273-1345), Lama Pelden Sengge (bla ma dpal ldan seng ge), Pello Lodro Tenpa (dpal lo blo gros brtan pa, 1276-1342), Drakhawa Drakpa Sengge (brag kha ba grags pa seng ge), Gyelse Tokme Zangpo (rgyal sras thogs med bzang po, 1295-1369), Sonam Pel (bsod nams dpal, 1277-1350), and Chopel Zangpo (chos dpal bzang po).As an instructor he was especially known for teaching logic, such as the Treasury of Logic (tshad ma rigs gter) and Elucidating the Sage's Intent (thub pa dgongs gsal) by Sakya Paṇḍita (sa skya paN Di ta, 1182-1251) as well as Abhidharma and the Mahāyānasūtrālaṃkāra.In 1343 his brother, Namkha Lekpai Gyeltsen, the Twelfth Sakya Tridzin (sa skya khri 'dzin 12 nam mkha' legs pa'i rgyal mtshan, 1305-1343) passed away, and he was elevated to the throne of Sakya. The Yuan Emperor, probably Huizong (惠宗r. 1333-1370), gave him the title Da Yuan Guoshi (大元國師) and a crystal seal.He had two sons, whose names are not recorded.Late in life, he took full ordination from Khenchen Sonam Drakpa and his younger brother, Lama Dampa Sonam Gyeltsen (bla ma dam pa bsod nams rgyal mtshan, 1312-1375) who would succeed him as the Fourteenth Sakya Tridzin.He passed away at the age of thirty-five in 1343.ed away at the age of thirty-five in 1343.)
Rje btsun grags pa rgyal mtshan + (Jetsun Drakpa Gyeltsen of the aristocratic … Jetsun Drakpa Gyeltsen of the aristocratic Khon family was the third of the five men credited with founding the Sakya order. He was also the Fifth Sakya Tridzin, or throne holder. His father Sachen Kunga Nyingpo and his elder brother Sonam Tsemo were the first and second Sakya patriarchs. Drakpa Gyeltsen was instrumental in the early recording and compiling of the Lamdre teachings that form the basis of the Sakya tradition.hat form the basis of the Sakya tradition.)
Jo mo sman mo + (Jomo Menmo was a Nyingma treasure revealer … Jomo Menmo was a Nyingma treasure revealer and a consort to Guru Chowang. Little about her is known outside of legend. Her revelations were said to have been rediscovered by Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo in the ninetenth century and are included in the Rinchen Terdzod.y and are included in the Rinchen Terdzod.)
Tshe ring chos sgron + (Khandro Tsering Chodron, known to many sim … Khandro Tsering Chodron, known to many simply as Khandro-la, was the wife of Jamyang Khyentse Chokyi Lodro. Following their marriage in 1948 she lived at Dzongsar and received instruction from tutors and lamas including Khyentse Chokyi Lodro himself. She accompanied Chokyi Lodro when he left Dzongsar in 1955 and travelled to Lhasa and then into Sikkim and India. After Khyentse Chokyi Lodro's death in 1959, she lived for more than four decades in the presence of his reliquary stūpa, at the Royal Chapel in Gangtok, Sikkim, in simple conditions. She moved to France in 2006 and remained there until her death in 2011, after which a golden-domed memorial stupa was constructed to house her relics. Even though she never formally taught or gave empowerments, she was widely revered, even among senior Tibetan Buddhist teachers, for the sanctity of her presence, and for her humility, devotion, and playful humour.er humility, devotion, and playful humour.)
Mkhas grub rje + (Khedrubje Gelek Pelzang (mkhas grub rje dg … Khedrubje Gelek Pelzang (mkhas grub rje dge legs dpal bzang) was born in Tsang in 1385. His father, Gunga Tashi Pelzang (kun dga' bkra shis dpal bzang, d.u.), was a member of the Se clan, said to have originated in Khotan, and his mother was Budren Gyelmo (bu 'dren rgyal mo, d.u.).His name Gelek Pelzang was given to him as a child when he took novice ordination at the age of seven from Khenchen Sengge Gyeltsen (mkhen chen seng ge rgyal mtshan, d.u.). From the age of sixteen he studied at the Sakya monastery of Ngamring Chode (ngam ring chos sde), training with Bodong Paṇchen Jikdrel Chokle Namgyel (bo dong paN chen 'jigs bral phyogs las rnam rgyal, 1376-1451), the founder of the Bodong tradition, who taught him logic and philosophy.When Gelek Pelzang was twenty-one he studied with Rendawa Zhonnu Lodro (red mda' ba gzhon nu blo gros, 1349-1412), with whom he took full ordination. He studied Darmakīrt's Pramāṇavārttika, Abhidharma, and the Five Books of Maitreya, Nāgārjuna's works on Madhyamaka, and the Vinaya.At the age of twenty-three, in 1407, he went to U to meet with Tsongkhapa Lobzang Drakpa (tsong kha pa blo bzang grags pa, 1357-1419) at Sera Choding (se ra chos sdings – not to be confused with the famous Sera Monastery). Khedrub Je received instructions on both sutra and tantra from Tsongkhapa, and soon became one of his most devoted disciples, receiving teachings alongside Tsongkhapa's other disciples such as Gyeltsabje Darma Rinchen (rgyal tshab rje dar ma rin chen, 1364-1432) and Duldzin Drakpa Gyeltsen ('dul 'dzin grags pa rgyal mtshan, 1374-1434).l 'dzin grags pa rgyal mtshan, 1374-1434).)
Rdzogs chen mkhan po thub bstan brtson 'grus + (Khenpo Tubten Tsondru Puntsok was born in … Khenpo Tubten Tsondru Puntsok was born in Golok and studied at Dzogchen and Shechen monasteries, as well as with a geshe from Sera Je. He fled Tibet in 1959, and then taught extensively in Bhutan, Sikkim and India, playing a crucial role in the re-establishment of Nyingma scholasticism, especially during his tenure at the government monastic college in Sikkim and as the first abbot of Namdroling monastic college in Bylakuppe, India.ling monastic college in Bylakuppe, India.)
Skal bzang dkon mchog rgya mtsho + (Konchok Gyatso also known as the Gya Zhabd … Konchok Gyatso also known as the Gya Zhabdrung, was the second reincarnation of the thirty-fourth throne holder of Labrang, Trangkya Jamyang Kelden Gyatso. A student of the Fourth Jamyang Zhepa, he was known for giving the Kālacakra initiation five times in different locations in Amdo.five times in different locations in Amdo.)
Ngor mkhan chen, 10th + (Konchok Lhundrub was the tenth abbot of Ngor Monastery, serving from 1534 to 1557. He is remembered as one of the most accomplished and prestigious Ngor abbots, comparable in reputation to Ngor's founder Kunga Zangpo.)
Kun dga' grol mchog + (Kunga Drolchok (kun dga' grol mchog) was b … Kunga Drolchok (kun dga' grol mchog) was born in 1507 in Lo Montang (glo smon thang), the capital of the Mustang (glo) region of present-day Nepal. His main teacher as a youth was his uncle, the Sakya master Drungpa Choje Kunga Chokdrub (drung pa chos rje kun dga' mchog grub, d.u.), who was a disciple of the great Sakya master Dakchen Lodro Gyeltsen (bdag chen blo gros rgyal mtshan, 1444-1495).Kunga Drolchok received ordination as a novice monk from Drungpa Choje when he was ten years old, and stayed with him constantly for the next four years, receiving many initiations and teachings of the Sakya tradition, including Lamdre three times.In 1519, when Kunga Drolchok was thirteen years old, he traveled with his elder brother to U and Tsang for further studies. They first went to the great monastery of Sakya and the nearby retreat center of Khau Drakdzong (kha'u brag rdzong), where they received teachings from the master Kunpang Doringpa (kun spangs rdo ring pa, d.u.).Then they proceeded to the Sakya monastery of Serdokchen (gser mdog can), the monastic seat of Paṇchen Śākya Chokden (paN chen shAkya mchog ldan, 1428-1507), where they began the serious study of epistemology and other scholastic subjects under the guidance of Shākya Chokden's disciple and successor, Donyo Drubpa, known by the Sanskrit version of his name, Amoghasiddhi (a mo g+ha sidd+hi, don yod grub pa, d.u.). But tragedy soon stuck. A smallpox epidemic claimed the lives of nineteen of the twenty-two students, including Kunga Drolchok's elder brother. including Kunga Drolchok's elder brother.)
Kun spangs thugs rje brtson 'grus + (Kunpang Tukje Tsondru (kun spangs thugs rj … Kunpang Tukje Tsondru (kun spangs thugs rje brtson 'grus) as he was later known, was born in 1243 in the Dok (mdog) region of Tsang. He studied in many of the monasteries of U and Tsang, such as Sakya (sa skya dgon).When he was staying at the master Jamyang Sarma's ('jam dbyangs gsar ma) monastery of Kyangdur (rkyang 'dur), Kunpang received the transmission of all the treatises and oral instructions possessed by the great Choku Ozer (chos sku 'od zer). In particular, although he had previously studied the Ra (rwa) tradition of Kālacakra, he now received from Choku Ozer the Kālacakra initiation, the explanation of the Kālacakra Tantra, the great Vimalaprabhā commentary, and an experiential transmission of the Kālacakra completion-stage practices of the six-branch yoga in the Dro ('bro) tradition. This caused exceptional experience and realization to burst forth. He also studied with Yeshe Rinchen (ye shes rin chen).In total, Kunpang received and practiced about seventeen different traditions of the six-branch yoga. When he was meditating on stopping vitality (srog rtsol), which is the third of the six branches, it is said that the vital winds of the five elements became extremely forceful and he gained amazing paranormal abilities. He also had visions of countless deities, such as the eleven-faced form of Avalokiteśvara.s the eleven-faced form of Avalokiteśvara.)
Smon lam tshul khrims + (Kyoton Monlam Tsultrim (skyo ston smon lam … Kyoton Monlam Tsultrim (skyo ston smon lam tshul khrims) was born into the Kyo (skyod) clan at a place named Tanakyang (rta nag yang), in U (dbus), in 1219, the earth-rabbit year of fourteenth sexagenary cycle.He studied the complete Kadam traditions under the guidance of the sixth abbot, Sanggye Gompa Sengge Kyab (sangs rgyas sgom pa seng ge skyabs, 1179-1250) and the seventh abbot of Nartang Monastery (snar thang dgon), Chim Namkha Drak (mchims nam mkha’ grags, 1210-1285).Due to his extensive practice of Vajrapāṇi, of whom he was believed to have been an emanation, he was said to have been capable of curing diseases caused by malicious spirits. He was also said to have been an emanation of Avalokiteśvara and Mañjuśrī.In 1285 he was appointed to the abbatial throne as the eighth abbot of Nartang Monastery. During his tenure he established the printing house and had a wall built around the monastery.He composed a commentary on Prajñāpāramitā, but this does not appear to be extant. Among his disciples were Chomden Rikpai Reldri (bcom ldan rig pa'i ral gri, 1227-1305) and Drakpa Tsondru (grags pa brtson 'grus, 1253-1316), the tenth abbot of Nartang.He wrote a biography of his master, Chim Namkha Drak, which is stored in the Cultural Palace of Nationalities (民族文化宫) in Beijing.He passed away at the age of eighty one, in 1299, the earth-pig year of the fifth sexagenary cycle.th-pig year of the fifth sexagenary cycle.)

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