Bodhi

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Key Term	bodhi
In Tibetan Script	བྱང་ཆུབ་
Wylie Tibetan Transliteration	byang chub
Devanagari Sanskrit Script	बोधि
Romanized Sanskrit	bodhi
Tibetan Phonetic Rendering	Changchub
Sanskrit Phonetic Rendering	bodhi
Chinese Script	菩提; 悟; 覺
Chinese Pinyin	pú tí; wù; jué
Japanese Script	悟り
Japanese Transliteration	satori
English Standard	enlightenment
Karl Brunnhölzl's English Term	awakening
Richard Barron's English Term	enlightenment; (refined and consummate state of) enlightened being
Jeffrey Hopkin's English Term	[purified-realized]; enlightenment
Dan Martin's English Term	clear comprehension ('pure realization'). bodhi. The "chub" goes back to an Old Translation of rtogs pa--chub pa--'realization.' Sometimes byan tshud pa, q.v. is said to be a synonym.
Term Type	Noun
Source Language	Sanskrit
Basic Meaning	Enlightenment or awakening. In Tibetan it is translated as "purified" (byang) and "perfected" (chub), which corresponds to Siddhartha Gautama's achievement of purifying all obscurations and perfecting or attaining all qualities associated with a buddha.
Has the Sense of	Enlightenment has the sense of complete actualization of one's true nature or total understanding of reality and freedom from suffering that comes from achieving that realization. Enlightenment (Skt., bodhi; Tib., byang chub) is a state that can potentially be attained by any being with a mind. The very nature of the mind as a clear and radiant entity, and of the defilements as adventitious entities that are not essential to our nature, is what allows for the possibility of mental purification, and hence of enlightenment. The clearest doctrinal formulation of this idea is to be found in the concept of buddha-nature (tathagatagarbha; de bzhin gshegs pa'i snying po). Whether buddha-nature is the primordial presence of an enlightened state in the minds of beings, something that merely needs to be uncovered, or only a potential that permits the attainment of that state is of course a disputed point in the tradition. Here, it is only important to note that the vast majority of Mahāyāna schools maintain that all beings, regardless of birth, race, social status, and gender, are capable of the attainment of the state of human perfection known as enlightenment. Source: page 192, “Liberation: An Indo-Tibetan Perspective” by José Ignacio Cabezón. Buddhist-Christian Studies, Vol. 12 (1992), pp. 191-198 Published by: University of Hawai'i Press Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1389971
Definitions
Rangjung Yeshe's English Term	1) awakening; enlightenment, bodhi, 'purified and perfected', "perfected purity", "free and perfect", the awakened state, refined and consummate. 2) see བྱང་ཆུབ་པ་ Awakening, bodhi Bodhi. Enlightenment, awakening, state of realization. See also 'enlightenment.'
Muller's Digital Dictionary of Buddhism (DDB)	菩提 - A transliteration of the Sanskrit/Pāli term bodhi, meaning wisdom, or awakening (Tib. byang chub). The wisdom of the true awakening of the Buddha. The function of correct wisdom. The situation of the disappearance of ignorance due to the functioning of awakened wisdom. The wisdom of accurate cognition of things as they are. The wisdom attained with the elimination of the two hindrances 二障. Earlier rendered into Chinese with 道, later by 覺 and 智 to be aware, perceive; for saṃbodhi 三菩提 (Skt. anuttara-bodhi, abhisaṃbodha, abhisaṃbodhi, jñāna, buddha, bodha, bodhi-pada, bodhi-mārga, bodhi-sattva, mahā-bodhi, mokṣa, varâgra-bodhi, saṃbodhi). [Charles Muller; source(s): Ui, Soothill, Stephen Hodge, JEBD, Nakamura, Hirakawa, Yokoi, Iwanami] In some contexts equivalent to nirvana 涅槃, attainable by adherents of all three vehicles 三乘. [Charles Muller; source(s): Ui] A term for the causal practices leading to nirvana. [Charles Muller; source(s): Ui] In secular language, the Buddha-path 佛道, or postmortem merit. [Charles Muller; source(s): Ui] An abbreviation of 菩提道場 (Skt. bodhi-maṇḍa)—the place where the Buddha attained his enlightenment. [Charles Muller]
Simplified English Usage Example:	". . . all beings, regardless of birth, race, social status, and gender, are capable of the attainment of the state of human perfection known as enlightenment." (Source: page 192, “Liberation: An Indo-Tibetan Perspective” by José Ignacio Cabezón. Buddhist-Christian Studies, Vol. 12 (1992), pp. 191-198 Published by: University of Hawai'i Press Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1389971)

Literally, that which obscures or conceals. Often listed as a set of two obscurations (sgrib gnyis): the afflictive emotional obscurations (Skt. kleśāvaraṇa, Tib. nyon mongs pa'i sgrib pa) and the cognitive obscurations (Skt. jñeyāvaraṇa, Tib. shes bya'i sgrib pa). By removing the first, one becomes free of suffering, and by removing the second, one becomes omniscient.

Literally, that which obscures or conceals. Often listed as a set of two obscurations (sgrib gnyis): the afflictive emotional obscurations (Skt. kleśāvaraṇa, Tib. nyon mongs pa'i sgrib pa) and the cognitive obscurations (Skt. jñeyāvaraṇa, Tib. shes bya'i sgrib pa). By removing the first, one becomes free of suffering, and by removing the second, one becomes omniscient.

Buddha-nature, literally the "womb/essence of those who have gone (to suchness)."

Mahāyāna, or the Great Vehicle, refers to the system of Buddhist thought and practice which developed around the beginning of Common Era, focusing on the pursuit of the state of full enlightenment of the Buddha through the realization of the wisdom of emptiness and the cultivation of compassion.

Literally "unknowing," it refers to a lack of knowledge or misunderstanding of the nature of reality. As such, it is considered to be the root cause of suffering and the basis for the arising of all other negative mental factors.

Commonly seen in a Mahāyāna context, the three vehicles are the Śrāvakayāna, Pratyekabuddhayāna, and Bodhisattvayāna, which reference the three different types of Buddhist practitioners. However, these three vehicles can also reference the three types of Buddhist teachings of the Hīnayāna, Mahāyāna (or Pāramitāyāna), and the Vajrayāna.