Pramāṇa

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Key Term	pramāṇa
Hover Popup Choices	pramāṇa; correct cognition; valid cognition; tshad ma
Featured People	Dignāga, Dharmakīrti, Śāntarakṣita
In Tibetan Script	ཚད་མ།
Wylie Tibetan Transliteration	tshad ma
Devanagari Sanskrit Script	प्रमान
Romanized Sanskrit	pramāṇa
Tibetan Phonetic Rendering	tshema
Sanskrit Phonetic Rendering	pramana
Chinese Script	量
Chinese Pinyin	liàng
English Standard	correct cognition
Richard Barron's English Term	valid cognition
Jeffrey Hopkin's English Term	valid cognition
Ives Waldo's English Term	logic; valid cognition
Term Type	Noun
Source Language	Sanskrit
Basic Meaning	In the Buddhist literature on pramāṇa, it refers to cognition that correctly apprehends its object without any deception or mistake. Such correct cognition include direct perception and inferential cognition.
Has the Sense of	The term has the sense of being valid, authentic or standard. In Buddhist epistemology, a correct cognition is considered to be the most authentic knowledge or accurate measure of the way things are.
Definitions
Rangjung Yeshe's English Term	genuine reasoning, འཐད་པ་,་རིགས་པ་ true, proven, genuine; ideal, validity, valid cognition; authentic (standard)/ standard of authenticity; valid cognizer [when related to cognition]; validating; authenticity, validity, proof, pramana, logic, ideal, dialectics, epistemology, valid [cognition / understanding], proof [of knowledge]. three kinds. direct perception མངོན་སུམ་ inference, indirect རྗེས་སུ་དཔག་པ་ trustworthy scripture or testimony ཡིད་ཆེས་པའི་ལུང་ the study of pramana [in a monastic college]. authentic, genuine, convincing. right cognition / understanding [free from illusion]. valid source of knowledge, true knowledge, reasoning, འཐད་པ་, རིགས་པ་ There are three pramanas, direct perception, inference and scripture. Sometimes the following three pramanas are discussed, direct མངོན་གྱུར་, hidden ལྐོག་གྱུར་ and very hidden ཤིན་ཏུ་ལྐོག་གྱུར་ The ཤིན་ཏུ་ལྐོག་གྱུར་ pramana has to be known through the Buddha's teaching. reasoning, འཐད་པ་,་རིགས་པ་
Tshig mdzod Chen mo	༡ རང་ཡུ་ལ་མི་བསླུ་བའི་ཤེས་པ་སྟེ་རང་ཡུལ་གསར་དུ་རྟོགས་པའི་བློ་མངོན་སུམ་ཡང་དག་དང་། རྗེས་དཔག་ཡང་དག་རྣམས་སོ། ༢ རིག་གནས་ཆེ་བ་ལྔའི་ཡ་གྱལ།་ཚད་མ་རིག་པའོ།

In the Buddhist literature on pramāṇa, it refers to cognition that correctly apprehends its object without any deception or mistake. Such correct cognition include direct perception and inferential cognition.

In the Buddhist literature on pramāṇa, it refers to cognition that correctly apprehends its object without any deception or mistake. Such correct cognition include direct perception and inferential cognition.

In the Buddhist literature on pramāṇa, it refers to cognition that correctly apprehends its object without any deception or mistake. Such correct cognition include direct perception and inferential cognition.

In the Buddhist literature on pramāṇa, it refers to cognition that correctly apprehends its object without any deception or mistake. Such correct cognition include direct perception and inferential cognition.