Khyung po rnal 'byor

PersonType	Category:Classical Tibetan Authors
BiographicalInfo	Khyungpo Naljor was born in 978, the year of Earth Male Tiger, as the son of Takkye (stag skyes), his father, and Tashi Kyi (bkra shis skyid), his mother, in Nyemo county (snye mo rdzong). He passed away in 1127, the year of Fire Female Sheep. By age ten, he could skillfully write and read in Tibetan and Sanskrit. By age thirteen, he expertly studied the Bön tradition from Lopön Yongdrung Gyalwa (slob dpon g.yung drung rgyal ba), was authorized to give instruction to others, and composed seven texts on those instructions. He also received numerous teachings from Lama Jungne Senge (bla ma 'byung gnas seng ge) on the Mind Section of Dzogchen. He excelled in the practice and became a master on the text itself. He had seven hundred students. Later, he studied translation from Paṇḍita Pasumati in Nepal. After that, he traveled back and forth between Tibet, Nepal, and India. He requested the śāstra and upadeśa on limitless sutras and mantras from a hundred and fifty scholars and siddhas, and fully took them to heart. In particular, he received the empowerment and instructions on the Illusory Body, the verses of the Six Doctrines [of Naropa], and the gradual path of illusion from Niguma (ni gu ma). He studied the doctrine of Mahakala wisdom from Maitripa (maitrI pa), completed the practice of approaching the yidam deity with Langri Tangpa Dorje Senge (glang ri thang pa rdo rje seng ge). Afterwards, he traveled to Shang (shang) of Yeru (gyas ru), one of the two regions of Tsang, and built one hundred and eight temples, most of them in the lower part of Shang. Therefore, the name of Shangpa Kagyu emerged. Over the next thirty years, he brought eighty thousand monks together to learn and study with him, and systematized the Shangpa Kagyu tradition and made it renowned and well developed. His distinguished students include Me'u Tunpa (rme'u ston pa, Stem of Stainless Wisdom), Yorpo Gyamoche (g.yor po rgya mo che, Branch of Altruistic Mind), Ngoltun Rinwang (dngul ston rin dbang, Foliage of Compassion), Latod Kunchokkar (la stod dkon mchog mkhar, Flower of Kindness); and Zhanggom Choseng (zhang sgom chos seng, Essence of Luminosity), etc.
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Names

Tibetan: ཁྱུང་པོ་རྣལ་འབྱོར་

Wylie:

• khyung po rnal 'byor
  
• mkhas grub khyung po rnal 'byor
  
• bdag khyung po rnal 'byor pa
  

Other Transliterations in use:

Dates

Born: 978/990
Died: 1127

Other Biographical Information

TBRC RID: P39

The Kagyu school traces its origin to the eleventh-century translator Marpa, who studied in India with Nāropa. Marpa's student Milarepa trained Gampopa, who founded the first monastery of the Kagyu order. As many as twelve subtraditions grew out from there, the best known being the Karma Kagyu, the Drikung, and the Drukpa.

In a general sense, that which clears away darkness, though it often appears in Buddhist literature in reference to the mind or its nature. It is a particularly salient feature of Tantric literature, especially in regard to the advanced meditation techniques of the completion-stage yogas.