Sørensen, P.

PersonType	Category:Professors Emeritus Category:Translators
FirstName / namefirst	Per
LastName / namelast	Sørensen
namemiddle	K.
MainNamePhon	Per K. Sørensen
SortName	Sørensen, Per K.
bio	Per Kjeld Sørensen is a prominent Danish Tibetologist who specialises in Tibetan and Himalayan history, literature and culture. From 1994 to 2017 he held the chair of Professor of Central Asian Studies (Zentralasienwissenschaften, Tibetology and Mongol Studies) at Leipzig Universität, Germany, which is the second-oldest university in Germany and has a long tradition of Oriental studies. In 2017 he was the Numata Visiting Professor in Buddhism at the University of California, Berkeley. (Sources: Berkeley Events and Wikipedia Entry) An interview and detailed biographical information can be found in the book Gateways to Tibetan Studies, Hamburg Indian and Tibetan Studies 12, 2021.
associatedwebsite	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_K._S%C3%B8rensen
publications	Books or Monographs 1. Gateway to the Temple: Manual of Tibetan Monastic Customs, Art, Building and Celebrations. (Text and translation of bCo brgyad Khri chen Rin po che, bsTan ’dzin mkho deb). Bibliotheca Himalayica, Series III, vol. 12. Kathmandu: Ratna Pustak Bhandar, 1979. 2. The Mollas of Mustang: Historical, Religious and Oratorical Traditions of the Nepalese-Tibetan Borderland. Dharamsala: Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, 1984. Reviews: (1) Luciano Petech, East and West 43/1–3 (Sept. 1984): 388f. (2) Jan Willem de Jong, Indo-Iranian Journal 31/1 (1988): 49. 3. (In collaboration with Janice A. Jackson). Tibetan Thangka Painting: Methods and Materials. London: Serindia Publications, 1984; revised edition 1988. Reviews: (1) Francoise Pommaret-Imaeda and Yoshiro Imaeda, The Journal of the Tibet Society 5 (1985): 100–102. (2) David Snellgrove, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 48 (1985): 580–582. (3) Hugh Richardson, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 117/1 (1985): 116–117. (4) Jan Willem de Jong, Indo-Iranian Journal 31/1 (1988): 49. (5) Hugh Downs, Himalayan Research Bulletin 9/1 (1989): 29–34. (6) Yin Peet, Himalayan Research Bulletin 14/1–2 (1994): 49f. (Several other reviews appeared.) French translation by Gloria Raab. La Peinture Tibetaine. Préface de Gilles Béguin. Paris: Peuples du Monde, 1990. (with 24 new color plates). Japanese translation by 瀬戸敦朗 (Seto Atsurō), 田上操 (Tagami Misao), 小野田俊蔵 (Onoda Shunzō). チベット絵画の技法と素材 (Chibetto kaiga no gihō to sozai) [book and DVD]. Kyoto: 佛教大 学アジア宗教文化情報研究所 (Bukkyō daigaku ajia shūkyō bunka jōhō kenkyūjo), 2008. 4. The Entrance Gate for the Wise (Section III): Sa-skya Pandita on Indian and Tibetan Traditions of Pramāna and Philosophical Debate. 2 vols. Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde 17. Wien: Arbeitskreis für tibetische und buddhistische Studien, Universität Wien, 1987. Reviews: (1) Herbert Guenther, Journal of the American Oriental Society 110/1 (1990): 179f. (2) Leonard van der Kuijp, Indo-Iranian Journal 33/3 (1990): 214–222. 5. (In collaboration with Shunzō Onoda). Rong-ston on the Prajñāpāramitā Philosophy of the Abhisamayālam. kāra: His Subcommentary on Haribhadra’s ‘Sphut. ārtha’. A Facsimile Reproduction of the Earliest Known Blockprint Edition, from an Exemplar Preserved in the Tibet House Library, New Delhi. Biblia Tibetica Series 2. Kyoto: Nagata Bunshodo, 1988. Reviews: (1) Jan Willem de Jong, Indo-Iranian Journal 33/4 (1990): 284. (2) Leonard van der Kuijp, Journal of the American Oriental Society 111/3 (1991): 584–588. 6. The “Miscellaneous Series” of Tibetan Texts in the Bihar Research Society, Patna: A Handlist. Tibetan and Indo-Tibetan Studies 2. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1989. 7. The Early Abbots of ’Phan-po Na-lendra: The Vicissitudes of a Great Tibetan Monastery in the 15th Century. Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde 23. Wien: Arbeitskreis für tibetische und buddhistische Studien, Universität Wien, 1989. Tibetan translation by gDong thog bsTan pa’i rgyal mtshan. ’Phan yul nā lendra dgon pa’i lo rgyus: History of the Sakya Monastery Penyul Nalanda. Shoreline, Washington: Sapan Institute, 2007. 8. Two Biographies of Śākyaśrībhadra: The Eulogy by Khro-phu lo-tsāba and its Commentary by bSod-nams-dpal-bzang-po. Texts and Variants from Two Rare Exemplars in the Bihar Research Society, Patna. Tibetan and Indo Tibetan Studies 4. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1990. Reviews: (1) Claus Vogel, Orientalische Literaturzeitung 87/4–5 (1992): 444f. (2) Leonard van der Kuijp, Journal of the American Oriental Society 114/4 (1994): 599–616. 9. Enlightenment by a Single Means: Tibetan Controversies on the “SelfSufficient White Remedy” (dkar po chig thub). Beiträge zur Kulturund Geistesgeschichte Asiens 12. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1994. Review: Robert Mayer, Tibet Journal 22/3 (1997): 79–105. 10. A History of Tibetan Painting: The Great Painters and their Traditions. Beiträge zur Kultur- und Geistesgeschichte Asiens 15. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1996. Reviews: (1) Philip Denwood, CIAA Circle of Inner Asian Art SOAS Newsletter 5 (May 1997): 20f. (2) Michael Buddeberg, Pazyryk Gesellschaft (München, Sept. 1997): 4f. (3) Erberto Lo Bue, East and West 47 (Dec. 1997): 457–461. (4) Anne Chayet, Arts Asiatiques 53 (1998): 127f. (5) Jan Willem de Jong, Indo-Iranian Journal 41 (1998): 397–399. (6) Ian Harris, Journal of Buddhist Ethics 5 (1998): 414–419. (7) Amy Heller, Asiatische Studien / Etudes Asiatiques 52/1 (1998): 295f. (8) Deborah Klimburg-Salter, Orientations 29/9 (Oct. 1998). (9) Adelheid Herrmann-Pfandt, Central Asiatic Journal 46/2 (2002): 314–317. Chinese translation by 向红笳 (Xiang Hongjia), 谢继胜 (Xie Jisheng), 熊文彬 (Xiong Wenbin). 西藏绘画史 (Xizang hui hua shi). 济南 (Jinan): 西藏人民出版社 (Xizang ren min chu ban she), 2001. Japanese translation by 瀬戸敦朗 (Seto Atsurō), 田上操 (Tagami Misao), 小野田俊蔵 (Onoda Shunzō). チベット絵画の歴史 : 偉大 な絵師達の絵画様式とその伝統 (Chibetto kaiga no rekishi: Idaina eshitachi no kaiga yōshiki to sono dentō). Tokyo: 平河出版社 (Hirakawa shuppansha), 2006. 11. A Saint in Seattle: The Life of the Tibetan Mystic Dezhung Rinpoche. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 2003. Tibetan translation by gDong thog bsTan pa’i rgyal mtshan. sDe gzhung kun dga’ bstan pa’i nyi ma rin po che’i rnam thar: Biography of the Tibetan Mystic Dezhung Rinpoche Jampa Kunga Tenpai Nyima (1906–1987). Shoreline, Washington: Sapan Institute, 2006. 12. Patron and Painter: Situ Panchen and the Revival of the Encampment Style. Masterworks of Tibetan Painting Series 1. New York: Rubin Museum of Art, 2009. Reviews: (1) Martin Barned Lorber, Asian Art (2009), notice of catalog. (2) Alba Fernández-Keys, ARLIS (Art Library Society of North America) (2009). (3) Anonymous reviewer, Artdaily.cc (February 6, 2009). (4) Robert Linrothe, CHOICE: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries 47/2 (2009): 291. (5) Nancy J. Lin, Journal of Asian Studies 69/3 (2010): 893–895. 13. The Nepalese Legacy in Tibetan Painting. Masterworks of Tibetan Painting Series 2. New York: Rubin Museum of Art, 2010. Review: Robert Linrothe, CHOICE: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries 48/11 (2011): 2082. 14. Mirror of the Buddha: Early Portraits from Tibet. Masterworks of Tibetan Painting Series 3. New York: Rubin Museum of Art, 2011. Brief notice: Eve M. Kahn, “Tracking Tibetan Art,” New York Times, October 20, 2011. 15. The Place of Provenance: Regional Styles in Tibetan Painting. Masterworks of Tibetan Painting Series 4. New York: Rubin Museum of Art, 2012. 16. Painting Traditions of the Drigung Kagyu School. Masterworks of Tibetan Painting Series 5. New York: Rubin Museum of Art, 2015. 17. Clarifying the Sage’s Intent. (Translation of Sa skya Pan.d.ita Kun dga’ rgyal mtshan, Thub pa’i dgongs pa rab tu gsal ba). In Ulrike Roesler, Ken Holmes, and David P. Jackson (transl.). Stages of the Buddha’s Teachings: Three Key Texts [by] Dölpa, Gampopa, and Sakya Pan.d.ita. The Library of Tibetan Classics 10. Somerville: Wisdom Publications, 2015, 383–602. Also published as: Clarifying the Sage’s Intent: Sakya Pan.d.ita’s Explanation of the Bodhisattva Path. Offprint created for the use of The Complete Path program, 2017–2023, International Buddhist Academy, Kathmandu, Nepal. Excerpted from: Stages of the Buddha’s Teachings: Three Key Texts. Somerville: Wisdom Publications, 2015. 18. A Revolutionary Artist of Tibet: Khyentse Chenmo of Gongkar. Masterworks of Tibetan Painting Series 6. New York: Rubin Museum of Art, 2016. Reviews: (1) Olaf Czaja, Zentralasiatische Studien 46 (2017): 485– 492. (2) Amy Heller, Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 80/1 (2020): 238–243. 19. Lama of Lamas: The Life of the Vajra-Master Chogye Trichen Rinpoche. 2 vols. Kathmandu: Vajra Books, 2019. Canonical Translations published by 84000 (www.84000.co) 1. The Dhāran.ī of the Vajra Quintessence: ’Phags pa rdo rje snying po’i gzungs (Vajraman.d.anāmadhāran.ī). Toh 139, 2016. 2. The Noble Entering into the Seal of Going to What is Assured or Not Assured: ’Phags pa nges pa dang ma nges par ’gro ba’i phyag rgya la ’ jug pa (Niyatāniyatagatimudrāvatāra). Toh 202, 2017. 3. The Sūtra of the Seer Vyāsa’s Questions: Drang srong rgyas pas zhus pa’i mdo (R. s.ivyāsaparipr.cchāsūtra). Toh 93, 2018. 4. The Sūtra Requested by Vikurvān.arāja: ’Phags pa rnam par ’phrul pa’i rgyal pos zhus pa (Vikurvān.arājaparipr.cchā). Toh 167, 2018. 5. The Dhāran.ī of the Jewel Torch: dKon mchog ta la la’i gzungs (Ratnolkānāmadhāran.ī). Toh 145, 2020. Books edited 1. (Co-edited with Victoria R. M. Scott). Rhoton, Jared D. (transl.). A Clear Differentiation of the Three Codes: Essential Distinctions among the Individual Liberation, Great Vehicle, and Tantric Systems. The sDom gsum rab dbye and Six Letters [by] Sakya Pandita Kunga Gyaltsen. Suny Series in Buddhist Studies. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002.
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The Sakya tradition developed in the eleventh century in the Khön family of Tsang, which maintained an imperial-era lineage of Vajrakīla and which adopted a new teaching from India known as Lamdre.

The Kagyu school traces its origin to the eleventh-century translator Marpa, who studied in India with Nāropa. Marpa's student Milarepa trained Gampopa, who founded the first monastery of the Kagyu order. As many as twelve subtraditions grew out from there, the best known being the Karma Kagyu, the Drikung, and the Drukpa.

A person who seeks enlightenment for the sake of others. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, a Bodhisattva is a compassionate being who is training on the path to Buddhahood and aspires to eliminate the suffering of all beings and take all sentient beings to the state of enlightenment. The Mahāyāna sūtras including those on buddha-nature generally have Bodhisattvas as the main audience or interlocutors for the Buddha's discourses.