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Stéphane Arguillère, born July 10, 1970 in Harfleur, is an associate professor of philosophy in the history of religions and religious anthropology, a specialist in Tibetan Buddhist philosophy and, more particularly, in philosophy linked to the Nyingma school, to Dzogchen, and the thought of Gorampa. He is a lecturer in Tibetan language and civilization at the National Institute of Oriental Languages and Civilizations (INALCO, Paris). ([https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Arguill%C3%A8re Adapted from Source Feb 17, 2021]) +
Michael Vaillancourt Aris (27 March 1946 – 27 March 1999) was a Cuban-born English historian who wrote and lectured on Bhutanese, Tibetan and Himalayan culture and history. He was the husband of Aung San Suu Kyi, who would later become State Counsellor of Myanmar. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Aris Source Accessed Feb 13, 2013])
== Other Information ==
*[http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-michael-aris-1083767.html Michael Aris' Obituary at Independent.co.uk]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Aris Wikipedia Article on Michael Aris] +
Dan Arnold is a scholar of Indian Buddhist philosophy, which he engages in a constructive and comparative way. Considering Indian Buddhist philosophy as integral to the broader tradition of Indian philosophy, he has particularly focused on topics at issue among Buddhist schools of thought (chiefly, those centering on the works of Nāgārjuna and of Dharmakīrti), often considering these in conversation with critics from the orthodox Brahmanical school of Pūrva Mīmāṃsā. His first book – ''Buddhists, Brahmins, and Belief: Epistemology in South Asian Philosophy of Religion'' (Columbia University Press, 2005) – won an American Academy of Religion Award for Excellence in the Study of Religion. His second book – ''Brains, Buddhas, and Believing: The Problem of Intentionality in Classical Buddhist and Cognitive-Scientific Philosophy of Mind'' (Columbia University Press, 2012) – centers on the contemporary philosophical category of intentionality, taken as useful in thinking through central issues in classical Buddhist epistemology and philosophy of mind. This book received the Toshihide Numata Book Prize in Buddhism, awarded by the Center for Buddhist Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. He is presently working on an anthology of Madhyamaka texts in translation, to appear in the series "Historical Sourcebooks in Classical Indian Thought." His essays have appeared in such journals as ''Philosophy East and West'', the ''Journal of Indian Philosophy'', ''Asian Philosophy'', the ''Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies'', the ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', and ''Revue Internationale de Philosophie''. ([https://salc.uchicago.edu/daniel-arnold Source Accessed Jul 13, 2020]) +
Edward A. Arnold is an independent scholar of Tibetan Buddhism, living in Ithaca, New York.
He is Assistant Editor at the American Institute of Buddhist Studies (AIBS). +
Eve Arnold was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Russian immigrant parents. She began photographing in 1946, while working at a photo-finishing plant in New York City, and then studied photography in 1948 with Alexei Brodovitch at the New School for Social Research in New York.
Arnold first became associated with Magnum Photos in 1951 and became a full member in 1957. She was based in the US during the 1950s but went to England in 1962 to put her son through school; except for a six-year interval when she worked in the US and China, she lived in the UK for the rest of her life.
Her time in China led to her first major solo exhibition at the Brooklyn Museum in 1980, where she showed the resulting images. In the same year, she received the National Book Award for In China and the Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Society of Magazine Photographers.
In later years, she received many other honours and awards. In 1995, she was made fellow of the Royal Photographic Society and elected Master Photographer – the world’s most prestigious photographic honour – by New York’s International Center of Photography. In 1996, she received the Kraszna-Krausz Book Award for In Retrospect. The following year she was granted honorary degrees by the University of St Andrews, Staffordshire University, and the American International University in London; she was also appointed to the advisory committee of the National Museum of Photography, Film & Television in Bradford, UK. She has had twelve books published.
Eve passed away in January of 2012. ([https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/eve-arnold/ Source Accessed Feb 14, 2023]) +
Geoffrey Shugen Arnold is the abbot and resident teacher of Zen Mountain Monastery and abbot of the Zen Center of New York City. He received dharma transmission from John Daido Loori Roshi in 1997. ([https://www.lionsroar.com/mind-is-buddha/ Source Accessed Nov 18, 2019]) +
Adjunct Professor chez ESSEC Business School. Geshe Khunawa, recognized by the 14th Dalai Lama; Discovered by Geshe Pema Gyaltsen.
Elijah Sacvan Ary was born in Vancouver, Canada. In 1979, at age seven, he was recognized as the reincarnation, or tulku, of a Tibetan scholar and spent his teenage years as a monk at Sera Monastery in South India. He went on to study at the University of Quebec in Montreal and the National Institute for Eastern Languages and Civilizations (Inalco) in Paris, and he earned his PhD in the Study of Religion from Harvard University. His writings have appeared in the books Little Buddhas: Children and Childhoods in Buddhist Texts and Traditions, Oxford Bibliographies Online: Buddhism, Contemporary Visions in Tibetan Studies, and Blue Jean Buddha: Voices of Young Buddhists. He lives in Paris with his wife and teaches Buddhism and Tibetan religious history at several institutions. [http://www.wisdompubs.org/author/elijah-s-ary Source Accessed Jun 12, 2015] +
Jes Peter Asmussen (2 November 1928 – 5 August 2002), was a Danish Iranologist.
Asmussen was born and raised in Aabenraa. He studied theology and the Greenlandic language at the University of Copenhagen and earned his candidatus theologiæ degree in 1954. He then studied Iranistics in Cambridge, London, Hamburg, and Tehran, and earned his doctorate in 1965 at the University of Copenhagen. He was associated with the university throughout his academic career, becoming associate professor in 1966 and full professor in 1967, succeeding professor Kaj Barr. He retired in 1998.
Asmussen's research focused on the religions of Iran. He was mostly interested in Manicheism, but also wrote about Zoroastrianism, Islam and Christianity in ancient Iran, as well as the Judeo-Persian language and literature. He is counted among the central figures of the Danish Orientalist scholarship.
He was elected member of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters in 1973 and corresponding member of Saxon Academy of Sciences in 1982. He was appointed a Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog in 1976 and received an honorary doctorate from Lund University in 1986.
Asmussen died in 2002 and is interred at the Cemetery of Holmen in Copenhagen. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jes_Peter_Asmussen Source Accessed Sep 14, 2021]) +
Claude Aveline, pen name of Evgen Avtsine (19 July 1901 – 4 November 1992), was a writer, publisher, editor, poet and member of the French Resistance. Aveline, who was born in Paris, France, has authored numerous books and writings throughout his writing career. He was known as a versatile author, writing novels, poems, screenplays, plays, articles, sayings, and more. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Aveline Source Accessed Feb 14, 2023]) +
Gyurme Avertin began his study of the Tibetan language in 1997. He spent two years following the Tibetan program at Langues’O University in Paris. He then went to Nepal in 1999 to study at the [[Rangjung Yeshe Institute]], before making his way to Bir in northern India, where he studied at Dzongsar Shedra. He regularly interprets for teachers visiting Rigpa centres and at the Rigpa Shedra East. (2014 Translation & Transmission Conference Program) +
Dr. Aviv is interested in Buddhist philosophy and intellectual history. He studies topics of intersections between early Buddhist Philosophy, especially of the Abhidharma and the Yogacara traditions, and contemporary philosophy. His interest includes topics such as philosophy of mind, cognitive science, ethics and contemplative practices. His intellectual history research focuses on religion in the modern period, especially the Buddhist renaissance in modern China. In addition, he is also interested in the way the Yogacara school was received and developed in pre-modern China. His current book project explores the role of Indian Buddhist philosophy in the formation of modern Chinese Buddhist thought. ([https://religion.columbian.gwu.edu/eyal-aviv Source Accessed June 8, 2023]) +
Aśoka. (P. Asoka; T. Mya ngan med; C. Ayu wang; J. Aiku ō; K. Ayuk wang 阿育王) (c. 300-232 BCE; r. c. 268-232 BCE). Indian Mauryan emperor and celebrated patron of Buddhism; also known as Dharmāśoka. Son of Bindusāra and grandson of Candragupta, Aśoka was the third king of the Mauryan dynasty. Aśoka left numerous inscriptions recording his edicts and proclamations to the subjects of his realm. In these inscriptions, Aśoka is referred to as Devānām Priyaḥ, "beloved of the gods." These inscriptions comprise one of the earliest bodies of writing as yet deciphered from the Indian subcontinent. His edicts have been found inscribed on boulders, on stone pillars, and in caves and are widely distributed from northern Pakistan in the west, across the Gangetic plain to Bengal in the east, to near Chennai in South India. The inscriptions are ethical and religious in content, with some describing how Aśoka turned to the dharma after subjugating the territory of Kaliṅga (in the Coastal region of modern Andhra Pradesh) in a bloody war. In his own words, Aśoka states that the bloodshed of that campaign caused him remorse and taught him that rule by dharma, or righteousness, is superior to rule by mere force of arms. While the Buddha, dharma, and saṃgha are extolled and Buddhist texts are mentioned in the edicts, the dharma that Aśoka promulgated was neither sectarian nor even specifically Buddhist, but a general code of administrative, public, and private ethics suitable for a multireligious and multiethnic polity. It is clear that Aśoka saw this code of ethics as a diplomatic tool as well, in that he
dispatched embassies to neighboring states in an effort to establish dharma as the basis for international relations. The edicts were not translated until the nineteenth century, however, and
therefore played little role in the Buddhist view of Aśoka, which derives instead from a variety of legends told about the emperor. The legend of Aśoka is recounted in the Sanskrit Divyāvadāna, in the Pāli chronicles of Sri Lanka, Dīpavaṃsa and Mahāvaṃsa, and in the Pāli commentaries, particularly the
Samantapāsādikā. Particularly in Pāli materials, Aśoka is portrayed as a staunch sectarian and exclusive patron of the Pāli tradition. The inscriptional evidence, as noted above, does not support that claim. In the Mahāvaṃsa, for example, Aśoka is said to have been converted to Theravāda Buddhism by the
novice Nigrodha, after which he purifies the Buddhist saṃgha by purging it of non-Theravāda heretics. He then sponsors the convention of the third Buddhist council (samgītī) under the presidency of Moggaliputtatissa, an entirely Theravāda affair. Recalling perhaps the historical Aśoka's diplomatic missions, the legend recounts how, after the council, Moggaliputtatissa dispatched Theravāda missions,
comprised of monks, to nine adjacent lands for the purpose of propagating the religion, including Aśoka's son (Mahinda) and daughter (Saṅghamittā) to Sri Lanka. In Sri Lanka, where the legend appears to have originated, and in the Theravāda countries of Southeast Asia, the Pāli account of King Aśoka was adopted as one of the main paradigms of Buddhist kingship and models of ideal governance and proper saṃgha-state relations. A different set of legends, which do not recount the conversion
of Sri Lanka, appears in Sanskrit sources, most notably, the Aśokāvadāna. (Source: "Aśoka." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 70–71. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)
Indian paṇḍita known to have been an expert in Abhidharma and to have assisted in the Tibetan translation of the ''Saddharmasmṛtyupasthānasūtra''. ([https://read.84000.co/translation/toh287.html Source Accessed Aug 31, 2021]) +
B
Bari Lotsawa, also known as Rinchen Drak, was the second throne holder of Sakya school (Tib. Sakya Trizin). At the age of 63, he retained the seat of Sakya for a period of eight years (1102-1110). He is one of the main lineage figures in the transmission and translation of the White Tara practice and tantras that originate from the Indian master Vagishvarakirti. (Source: [https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Bari_Lotsawa Rigpa Wiki]) +
PhD (literature), University of Tokyo Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, 2006. Assistant professor at University of Tokyo Institute for Advanced Studies on Asia, research associate at Darwin College, University of Cambridge, then visiting research fellow at the Ho Center for Buddhist Studies, Stanford University. Then took up post as associate professor at University of Tokyo Institute for Advanced Studies on Asia in 2010 specializing in Buddhist studies. Major awards include Japanese Association for South Asian Studies Award, Japanese Association of Indian and Buddhist Studies Prize, Toho Gakkai (The Institute of Eastern Culture) Award and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Prize. Major publications include ''The Development of Theravāda Buddhist Thought: From the Buddha to Buddhaghosa'' (Shunjusha) and ''Shoki bukkyo — Budda no shiso wo tadoru'' (Early Buddhism — Tracing the Teachings of Buddha) (Iwanami Shoten). ([https://www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/focus/en/features/voices054.html Source Accessed Aug 3, 2020]) +
Jacques Bacot (4 July 1877 – 18 June 1965) was an explorer and pioneering French Tibetologist. He travelled extensively in India, western China, and the Tibetan border regions. He worked at the École pratique des hautes études. Bacot was the first western scholar to study the Tibetan grammatical tradition, and along with F. W. Thomas (1867–1956) belonged to the first generation of scholars to study the Old Tibetan Dunhuang manuscripts. Bacot made frequent use of Tibetan informants. He acquired aid from Gendün Chöphel in studying Dunhuang manuscripts. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Bacot Source Accessed Dec 7, 2023]) +
Andrei-Valentin Bacrău's work is focused on extrapolating a theory of ethics from Wittgenstein's views on language. Previously, he was at Nālandā University in Bihar, India, working on comparative ethics. As an undergraduate, he studied at the George Washington University in DC, where he double-majored in International Affairs (Security Policy), and Philosophy (Public Affairs). ([https://uzh.academia.edu/AndreiValentinBacr%C4%83u Adapted from Source Feb 11, 2021]) +
Professor Paul Badham has been Head of the Department of Theology and Religious Studies at University of Wales Lampeter since 1991. He was born in 1942 and educated at Jesus College Oxford (traditional Christian Theology); at Jesus College Cambridge (Modern Religious Thought); and at Westcott House (Anglican Ministry). He then went to Birmingham and for five years worked as a Curate while simultaneously writing a PhD under John Hick. Since 1973 he has been at Lampeter where he has gradually moved from Lecturer to Senior Lecturer to Reader and finally to Professor and Dean.
On his arrival at Lampeter he joined five other Anglican clergymen in a very traditional Department of Theology. One of his main concerns has been to transform the Department into a vibrant centre for the study of all world religions, with a particular emphasis on religion in the contemporary world and with an emphasis on the possibility of studying each religion from within. The Department now consists of 18 full-time and 12 part-time staff across the whole area of Religious Life and Thought, with specialists in each of the major faiths and with all disciplines of Religious Studies included.
Exploration of the arguments for and against belief in a life after death has been one of Paul Badham’s main academic concerns. This led to his books ''Christian Beliefs about Life after Death and Immortality or Extinction? as well as to his edited collections Death and Immortality in the Religions of the World''; ''Perspectives on Death and Dying''; ''Ethics on the Frontiers of Human Existence and Facing Death''. He has for many years directed a unique MA programme on Death and Immortality, taught jointly with the Philosophy Department at Lampeter, and he has always had a succession of research students working in this area from all over the world. He has contributed to seven television documentaries on the Near-death experience and is currently preparing for a major international conference on this in Washington.
Paul Badham is also deeply interested in issues of Modern Theology and Inter-faith Dialogue, and has contributed to a series of books in this area arising from Conferences in Claremont as well as his edited ''John Hick Reader''. He has also written a series of bilingual (England and Japanese) publications with Professor Daigan Lee Matsunaga on ''Near-Death Experiences, Interfaith Dialogue and Christian Beliefs About God and Christ in Relation to True Pure Land Buddhism'' (published in Japanese as Christianity for Buddhists). He is currently working on a Centenary volume for the Modern Church People’s Union on ''The Contemporary Challenge of Modernist Theology''.
Paul Badham’s other concern is the relationship between Religion and Politics. This has led to his edited work ''Religion, State and Society in Modern Britain'' and to an ongoing project with Vladislav Arzenukhin on ''Religion and Change in Eastern Europe''. This concern also helped to establish an MA degree on ''Religion Politics and International Relations'', jointly taught by the Department of Theology and Religious Studies at Lampeter and by the Department of International Politics at Aberystwyth. ([https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/96773532.pdf Source Accessed Feb 14, 2023])
Allan Badiner is the editor of ''Zig Zag Zen: Buddhism and Psychedelics'', ''Dharma Gaia: A Harvest in Buddhism and Ecology'', and ''Mindfulness in the Marketplace''.
He produced Psychedelic Integration at Esalen with Michael Pollan, MAPS founder Rick Doblin, psychiatrist Julie Holland, neurobiologist David Presti, UK psychiatrist Ben Sessa, youth safety advocate Marsha Rosenbaum, Project CBD’s Martin A. Lee, and special guests author James Fadiman and UC Berkeley psychiatrist Kristi Panik, as we explore the challenges and opportunities unique to this moment in history. Stanislav Grof, who lived and taught at Esalen for 14 years, opened the conversation remotely.
Allan is also a contributing editor of ''Tricycle'' magazine and co-producer of the Entheowheel series. ([https://www.esalen.org/faculty/allan-badiner Source Accessed Feb 14, 2023]) +
Prabodh Chandra Bagchi (18 November 1898 – 19 January 1956) was one of the most notable Sino-Indologists of the 20th century. He was the third Upacharya (Vice-Chancellor) of Visva-Bharati University. He published a large number of books in English, French, and Bengali. His best known work that is still acclaimed as a classical work even today is ''India and China'', which was first published in 1944. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prabodh_Chandra_Bagchi Source Accessed Jun 4, 2019]) +