Property:EncodedBio
This is a property of type Text.
A
Dr.+Advaitavadini+Kaul+is+Editor+in+the+Indira+Gandhi+National+Centre+for+the+Arts+%28IGNCA%29+in+New+Delhi.+Here%2C+she+is+mainly+responsible+for+the+preparation+of+two+fundamental+series+of+publications%2C+viz.%2C+the+Kalatattvakosa+%28a+lexicon+of+Indian+Art+Concepts%29+and+the+Kalamulasastra+%28fundamental+texts+on+Indian+Arts%29.+She+has+edited+the+fourth+volume+of+the+Kalatattvakosa+series+on+Manifestation+of+Nature.+She+is+also+an+associate+editor+of+the+fifth+volume+on+Form%2FShape.+Basically+an+M.A.+%28Sanskrit%29+and+Ph.D.+%28Buddhist+Studies%29+Dr.+Kaul+has+already+published+her+book%3A+Buddhist+Savants+of+Kashmir%3A+Their+Contribution+Abroad.+Her+next+book+on+Kashmir%27s+Contribution+to+Buddhism+in+Central+Asia+is+forthcoming.+She+has+contributed+several+research+papers+to+various+national%2Finternational+conferences+where+her+main+interest+remains+to+unravel+perennial+traditions+with+special+emphasis+upon+the+traditions+prevalent+in+Kashmir.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Freadersend.com%2Fproduct%2Fa-history-of-kashmiri-pandits%2F+Source+Accessed+Aug+31%2C+2021%5D%29 +
A+student+of+Ju+Mipam+Jamyang+Namgyal+Gyatso. +
Adzom+Gyalse+Gyurme+Dorje+%28Tib.+%E0%BD%A8%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%9B%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%97%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%2C+Wyl.+a+%27dzom+rgyal+sras+%27gyur+med+rdo+rje%29+aka+Agyur+Rinpoche+%28Wyl.+a+%27gyur+rin+po+che%29+%281895-1969%29+%E2%80%94+the+third+son+and+student+of+Adzom+Drukpa.+He+was+recognized+by+Jamg%C3%B6n+Kongtrul+as+an+emanation+of+Orgyen+Terdak+Lingpa.%0A%0AAdzom+Gyalse+Gyurme+Dorje+was+the+third+son+and+student+of+Adzom+Drukpa+Drodul+Pawo+Dorje.+His+mother+was+Tashi+Lhamo+%28Tib.+bkra+shis+lha+mo%29%2C+the+daughter+of+a+popular+merchant+named+Budo+%28Tib.+bum+dos%29%2C+who+became+Adzom+Drukpa%E2%80%99s+spiritual+wife+at+the+recommendation+of+Jamg%C3%B6n+Kongtrul.+While+regarded+as+the+incarnation+of+several+eminent+master%2C+Adzom+Gyalse+was+recognised+as+the+incarnation+of+Minling+Terchen+Gyurme+Dorje.+Adzom+Drukpa+oversaw+the+spiritual+education+of+Adzom+Gyalse+and+transmitted+to+him+especially+his+own+terma+treasures+and+the+teachings+of+the+Great+Perfection+such+as+the+Longchen+Nyingtik+and+the+Chets%C3%BCn+Nyingtik.+These+in+turn+became+also+the+main+focus+of+Adzom+Gyalse%E2%80%99s+study+and+practice.+Thus+Adzom+Gyalse+rose+to+become+of+the+main+holders+of+the+lineage+and+transmission+of+the+Great+Perfection+teachings.%0A%0AAdzom+Gyalse+took+over+the+legacy+of+his+father+and+became+responsible+for%2C+the+by+his+father+in+1886+established%2C+Adzom+Gar+%28Tib.+A+%E2%80%99dzom+gar%29.%5B2%5D+Unlike+his+father%2C+Adzom+Gyalse+took+monastic+ordination+and+remained+a+monk+throughout+his+entire+life.+He+further+developed+and+expanded+Adzom+Gar+and+became+its+main+teacher+and+holder.+While+Adzom+Gyalse+had+the+potential+to+become+a+great+tert%C3%B6n+he+decided+to+focused+instead+on+the+preservation+and+continuation+of+existing+practices+and+teachings.%0A%0AIn+1958%2C+Adzom+Gyalse+was+arrested+and+put+in+prison+where+he+gave+teachings+to+his+fellow+inmates.+He+passed+away+in+1969+with+many+miraculous+signs%2C+and+left+a+letter+predicting+the+date+and+place+of+his+future+rebirth+and+the+names+of+his+future+parents.+In+accordance+with+this+letter%2C+Dilgo+Khyentse+Rinpoche+recognised+a+child+born+in+Bhutan+in+1980+as+the+reincarnation+of+Adzom+Gyalse+Gyurme+Dorje.+This+child+became+a+monk+at+Shechen+Monastery+and+received+numerous+teachings+and+initiations+from+Khyentse+Rinpoche.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.rigpawiki.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAdzom_Gyalse_Gyurme_Dorje+Source+Accessed+Sep+30%2C+2022%5D%29
Born+in+Barcelona+in+1965%2C+Oriol+Aguilar+received+his+Ph.D+in+cultural+anthrolopogy+from+the+Universitat+Aut%C3%B2noma+de+Barcelona+in+2005.+Focusing+on+religious+studies%2C+particularly+the+Buddhism+of+Tibet%2C+he+studied+Tibetan+language+in+Barcelona+and+Paris+%28%C3%89cole+Pratique+des+Hautes+%C3%89tudes%29+and+trained+in+translation+with+the+Shang+Shung+Institute.+He+met+Ch%C3%B6gyal+Namkhai+Norbu+in+1987%2C+and+since+1998+has+collaborated+with+Shang+Shung+Publications+as+a+member+of+the+International+Publications+Committee+%28IPC%29+of+the+Dzogchen+Community+on+the+publication%2C+particularly+in+the+Spanish+editions%2C+of+the+teachings+of+Ch%C3%B6gyal+Namkhai+Norbu%2C+including+translations+from+Tibetan.%0A%0A%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.shangshungpublications.org%2Foriol-aguilar%2F%5D +
Zahiruddln+Ahmad+was+a+Senior+Lecturer+in+the+Department+of+History+at+La+Trobe+University%2C+Bundoora%2C+Australia.+He+is+the+author+of+several+books+on+Tibetan+history%2C+including+%27%27China+and+Tibet%2C+1708-1959%27%27+%28Oxford+University+Press%2C+1960%29%3B+%27%27Tibet+and+Ladakh%3A+A+History%27%27+%28Chatto+%26+Windus%2C+1963%29%3B+%27%27Sino-Tibetan+Relations+in+the+17th+Century%27%27+%28Istituto+Italiano+per+il+Medio+ed+Estremo+Oriente%2C+1970%29%3B+%27%27Life+of+the+Fifth+Dalai+Lama%2C+Vol.+IV%2C+Part+I%27%27+%28International+Academy+of+Indian+Culture+and+Aditya+Prakashan%2C+1999%29%3B+%27%27An+introduction+to+Buddhist+Philosophy+in+India+and+Tibet%27%27+%28International+Academy+of+Indian+Culture+and+Aditya+Prakashan%2C+2007%29%3B+%27%27The+Song+of+the+Queen+of+Spring%27%27+%28International+Academy+of+Indian+Culture+and+Aditya+Prakashan%2C+2008%29%3B+and++%27%27The+Historical+Status+of+China+in+Tibet%27%27+%28Aditya+Prakashan%2C+2012%29.+He+is+also+the+author+of+numerous+articles+on+Tibetan+history+and+related+subjects. +
Chah+Subhaddo+%28Thai%3A+%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2+%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%2C+known+in+English+as+Ajahn+Chah%2C+occasionally+with+honorific+titles+Luang+Por+and+Phra%29+also+known+by+his+honorific+name+%22Phra+Bodhi%C3%B1%C4%81%E1%B9%87athera%22+%28Thai%3A+%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%A3%2C+Chao+Khun+Bodhinyana+Thera%3B+17+June+1918+%E2%80%93+16+January+1992%29+was+a+Thai+Buddhist+monk.+He+was+an+influential+teacher+of+the+Buddhadhamma+and+a+founder+of+two+major+monasteries+in+the+Thai+Forest+Tradition.%0A%0ARespected+and+loved+in+his+own+country+as+a+man+of+great+wisdom%2C+he+was+also+instrumental+in+establishing+Theravada+Buddhism+in+the+West.+Beginning+in+1979+with+the+founding+of+Cittaviveka+%28commonly+known+as+Chithurst+Buddhist+Monastery%29+in+the+United+Kingdom%2C+the+Forest+Tradition+of+Ajahn+Chah+has+spread+throughout+Europe%2C+the+United+States+and+the+British+Commonwealth.+The+dhamma+talks+of+Ajahn+Chah+have+been+recorded%2C+transcribed+and+translated+into+several+languages.%0A%0AMore+than+one+million+people%2C+including+the+Thai+royal+family%2C+attended+Ajahn+Chah%27s+funeral+in+January+1993%5B5%5D+held+a+year+after+his+death+due+to+the+%22hundreds+of+thousands+of+people+expected+to+attend%22.%5B3%5D+He+left+behind+a+legacy+of+dhamma+talks%2C+students%2C+and+monasteries.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAjahn_Chah+Source+Accessed+Nov+20%2C+2023%5D%29 +
%27%27%27SIT+BIO%3A+Matthew+Akester%2C+Lecturer+and+Faculty+Advisor%27%27%27%3Cbr%3E%0AMatthew+is+a+translator+of+classical+and+modern+literary+Tibetan+with+25+years+of+fieldwork+experience+as+an+independent+researcher+throughout+the+Tibetan+world.+His+discipline+is+history%2C+both+religious+and+political+history%2C+which+corresponds+with+the+program%E2%80%99s+double+specialization.+Matthew%27s+special+interests+include+the+history+of+Lhasa%2C+the+life+and+times+of+Jamyang+Khyentse+Wangpo%2C+historical+geography+of+central+Tibet%2C+and+history+and+memoir+in+occupied+Tibet.+His+published+book-length+translations+include+%5B%5BThe+Life+of+Jamyang+Khyentse+Wangpo%5D%5D+by+Jamgon+Kongtrul+%28%5B%5BShechen+Publications%5D%5D+2012%29%3B+%5B%5BMemories+of+Life+in+Lhasa+Under+Chinese+Rule%5D%5D+by+Tubten+Khetsun+%28%5B%5BColumbia+University+Press%5D%5D+2008%2C+Penguin+India+2009%29%3B+and+%5B%5BThe+Temples+of+Lhasa%5D%5D+%28with+%5B%5BAndre+Alexander%5D%5D%2C+%5B%5BSerindia+Publications%5D%5D+2005%29.+In+addition%2C+he+has+worked+as+active+consultant+and+contributor+for+the+Tibet+Information+Network%2C+Human+Rights+Watch%2C+Tibet+Heritage+Fund%2C+and+%5B%5BTibetan+Buddhist+Resource+Center%5D%5D%3B+as+translator%2C+editor%2C+and+advisor+for+countless+publications+on+Tibet+in+English%2C+French%2C+and+Tibetan%3B+and+as+lecturer+on+contemporary+Tibet+for+student+programs+including+SIT+in+Nepal+and+India.+%28%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.sit.edu%2Fstudyabroad%2Ffaculty_npt.cfm+SOURCE%5D%29 +
Born+in+Toyohashi+City+in+Aichi+Prefecture+on+January+21%2C+1915%2C+Hirakawa+studied+as+an+undergraduate+and+then+graduate+student+%281939-1945%29+at+the+Department+of+Indian+Philosophy+and+Sanskrit+Philology%2C+Faculty+of+Letters%2C+Tokyo+Imperial+University+%28now+University+of+Tokyo%29%2C+and+became+Research+Assistant+of+that+department+in+1946.+He+was+appointed+Associate+Professor+of+the+newly+established+Department+of+Indian+Philosophy+at+Hokkaido+University+in+1950.+After+teaching+for+four+years+in+Hokkaido+University%2C+he+returned+to+Tokyo+in+1954+to+become+Associate+Professor+of+Buddhist+Studies+at+his+alma+mater.+Hirakawa+was+granted+a+full+professorship+in+1962%2C+a+position+he+held+until+reaching+the+University+of+Tokyo%E2%80%99s+mandatory+retirement+age+of+60+in+1975%2C+at+which+time+he+received+the+title+of+Professor+Emeritus.+After+his+retirement+he+taught+for+10+years+%281975-1985%29+Buddhist+Studies+at+Waseda+University%2C+Department+of+Oriental+Philosophy%2C+School+of+Literature.+Hirakawa+also+served+as+Chairman+of+the+Directors+of+the+Japanese+Association+of+Indian+and+Buddhist+Studies+for+eight+years+%281983-1991%29%2C+where+he+made+tremendous+contributions+toward+the+advancement+of+the+Association.+In+1993+he+was+selected+to+be+a+member+of+the+Japan+Academy.+He+went+on+to+become+Chairman+and+Professor+at+the+International+College+for+Advanced+Buddhist+Studies+%28established+in+1996%29%2C+where+in+addition+to+his+duties+as+the+director+of+research+and+education%2C+he+was+responsible+for+the+general+administration+of+the+College.+He+held+this+position+until+passing+away.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fjournals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de%2Findex.php%2Fjiabs%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F8928%2F2821%2F+Source+Accessed+Dec+5%2C+2019%5D%29%0A%0A%0A%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fjournals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de%2Findex.php%2Fjiabs%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F8928%2F2821%2F+See+also%2C+%27%27In+Memoriam%27%27%2C+Professor+Akira+Hirakawa%5D +
Akira+Sadakata%2C+professor+at+Tokai+University%2C+is+a+specialist+in+Indian+Philosophy+and+the+author+of+many+books+on+Buddhism. +
Prof.+Akira+Saito+is+a+faculty+member+at+the+International+College+for+Postgraduate+Buddhist+Studies+in+Tokyo+Japan.+He+holds+an+M.A.+from+the+University+of+Tokyo+%281979%29+and+received+his+Ph.D.+from+Australian+National+University+%281985%29.+His+primary+area+of+specialization+is+the+History+of+Indian+Buddhist+Philosophy+and+Madhyamaka+Studies.+His+teaching+activities+at+ICPBC+include%3A+Reading+Buddhist+Studies+in+Foreign+Languages%3B+Inner+Asian+Buddhist+Philology%3B+Ph.D.+Tutorials%3B+and+Special+topics+in+Buddhist+Studies.+%28%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.icabs.ac.jp%2Fen%2Fresearch%2Ffaculty%2Fsaito+Adapted+from+Source+Aug+3%2C+2020%5D%29 +
Tudeng+Nima+is+the+2nd+Alak+Zenkar+Rinpoche.+The+1st+Alak+Zenkar+Rinpoche%2C+Pema+Ng%C3%B6drup+Rolpai+Dorj%C3%A9%2C+lived+from+1881+to+1943.+For+a+short+biography%2C+see+Tulku+Thondup%2C+%27%27Masters+of+Meditation+and+Miracles%27%27+%28Shambhala+Publications%2C+1996%29%2C+275%E2%80%9377.%0A%0ATudeng+Nima+Rinpoche+is+the+Director+of+the+Paltseg+Tibetan+Rare+Texts+Research+Center%2C+TBRC+board+member%2C+visiting+scholar+at+the+University+of+Virginia%2C+and+board+member+of+the+China+Association+for+Preservation+and+Development+of+Tibetan+Culture.+In+2000-2003%2C+he+was+a+Senior+Research+Scholar+at+Columbia+University+in+the+East+Asian+Institute.+From+2004+to+the+present+he+has+been+a+visiting+scholar+at+the+University+of+Virginia.+Tudeng+Nima+Rinpoche+has+written+many+papers+for+which+he+has+received+numerous+awards.+He+has+rescued+and+reproduced+thousands+of+important+and+rare+Tibetan+texts.+He+has+made+outstanding+contributions+to+Tibetan+culture+and+education+and+is+renowned+as+one+of+the+world%E2%80%99s+leading+Tibetan+Buddhist+scholars.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.tbrc.org%2F%23%21footer%2Fabout%2Fboard+Adapted+from+BDRC+September+17%2C+2020%5D%29%0A%0A%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.rigpawiki.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAlak_Zenkar_Rinpoche+Rigpa+Wiki+Bio%5D +
Dr.+Mrs.+Alaka+Chattopadhyaya+obtained+her+doctorate+degr%C3%A8e+of+the+Calcutta+University+with+her+highly+acclaimed+work+based+on+Tibetan+sources+published+with+the+title+%27%27Atisa+and+Tibet%27%27.+By%0Aprofession+she+was+until+recently+the+principal+of+the+Vidyasagar+College+of+Women%2C+Calcutta.+Her+other+published+works+include+the+translation+%28in+Bengali%29+of+the+%27%27Caturasitisiddha-pravrtti%27%27%E2%80%94life+of%0Athe+84+Siddhacaryas+available+hithertobefore+only+in+its+Tibetan+version%2C+besides+many+other+Tibetan+studies.+She+has+extensively+toured+abroad%2C+delivering+lectures+in+%5Bthe%5D+USSR%2C+China%2C+Oxford%2C+Cambridge%2C+Budapast+and+other+places.+%28Source%3A+inside+jacket%2C+%27%27T%C4%81ran%C4%81tha%27s+History+of+Buddhism+in+India%27%27%29 +
Alan+Fox+is+an+Professor+of+Asian+and+Comparative+Philosophy+and+Religion+in+the+Philosophy+Department+at+the+University+of+Delaware.+He+earned+his+Ph.D.+in+Religion+from+Temple+University+in+1988%2C+and+was+a+Fulbright+Scholar+in+Taiwan+in+1986-87.+He+came+to+the+University+in+1990.+He+received+the+University+of+Delaware%E2%80%99s+Excellence+in+Teaching+Award+in+1995+and+2006%2C+and+the+College+of+Arts+and+Sciences%E2%80%99+Outstanding+Teacher+Award+in+1999.+In+2006+he+was+named+Delaware+Professor+of+the+Year+by+the+Carnegie+Foundation+for+Advancement+of+Teaching+and+the+Council+for+the+Advancement+and+Support+of+Education.+In+2008+he+was+named+a+finalist+for+the+National+Inspiring+Integrity+Award%2C+and+in+2012+he+was+named+a+Teaching+Fellow+by+the+American+Association+of+Philosophy+Teachers.+He+is+a+former+director+of+both+the+University+Honors+Program+and+the+Master+of+Arts+in+Liberal+Studies+Program%2C+as+well+as+advisor+to+the+undergraduate+Religious+Studies+Minor.+He+has+also+served+as+President+of+the+Faculty+Senate+at+both+the+College+and+University+levels.+He+has+published+on+Buddhism+and+Chinese+Philosophy.+His+research+is+currently+focused+on+Philosophical+Daoism.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fudel.edu%2F%7Eafox%2F+Source+Accessed+May+18%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Alan+J.+Berkowitz+was+the+Susan+W.+Lippincott+Professor+of+Modern+and+Classical+Languages+and+Professor+of+Chinese+at+Swarthmore.%0A%0ABerkowitz%2C+who+chaired+Asian+Studies+and+served+as+the+Chinese+section+head+for+15+years%2C+joined+the+Swarthmore+faculty+in+1989+when+Chinese+was+the+smallest+section+of+Modern+Languages+%26+Literatures+%28MLL%29.+As+the+sole+professor+of+Chinese%2C+he+exercised+wise+leadership+and+worked+tirelessly+to+make+the+fledgling+section+into+a+vibrant+program+and+became+its+first+tenured+professor.+Chinese+is+now+the+second+largest+program+in+MLL+after+Spanish.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.swarthmore.edu%2Fnews-events%2Fmemory-alan-berkowitz+Source+Accessed+June+2%2C+2023%5D%29 +
Born+in+Mexico+City+in+1961%2C+Alan+Murillo+studied+as+a+professional+translator+at+the+Higher+Institute+of+Interpreters+and+Translators+in+Mexico+City+and+has+dedicated+himself+for+25+years+to+the+translation+of+legal%2C+financial+and+technical+documents.%0A%0AAs+part+of+the+Casa+T%C3%ADbet+translation+team%2C+he+has+translated+several+books+on+Buddhism+into+Spanish%3A+%27%27Buddhism+with+an+Attitude%27%27+by+Alan+Wallace%3B+%27%27Iridescent+Splendor%3A+The+Memoirs+of+Tulku+Urgyen+Rinpoche%27%27%3B+and+%27%27Geshe+Lhundup+S%C3%B6pa%27s+Autobiography%27%27+%2C+as+well+as+numerous+texts+and+teachings+for+Casa+T%C3%ADbet+M%C3%A9xico.%0A%0AA+student+of+Casa+T%C3%ADbet+since+1998%2C+he+is+part+of+the+group+of+instructors+under+the+guidance+and+instruction+of+his+main+teacher%2C+Marco+Antonio+Karam%2C+founder+and+director+of+Casa+T%C3%ADbet+M%C3%A9xico.%0A%0AAs+a+student+of+said+institution%2C+he+has+received+teachings+on+the+theory+and+practice+of+Buddhist+teachings%2C+fundamentally+the+study+and+analysis+of+consciousness+and+the+cultivation+of+human+potential+based+on+transcendental+values%2C+in+order+to+develop+a+more+meaningful+life+for+the+benefit+of+other+beings+and+oneself.%0A%0ADuring+this+time+he+has+attended+short+retreats%2C+seminars+and+teachings+of+great+masters+of+the+Tibetan+Buddhist+tradition%2C+such+as+Geshe+Sopa%2C+Geshe+Thabke%2C+Khenpo+Pema+Wangdak%2C+Alan+Wallace%2C+Matthieu+Ricard%2C+Dr.+Jeffrey+Hopkins%2C+Khandro+Rinpoch%C3%A9%2C+Marcia+Dechen+Wangmo%2C+among+others.%0A%0AFrom+2008+to+2012+he+was+part+of+the+editorial+project+at+the+Autonomous+University+of+Mexico+City+%28UACM%29+as+a+translator+in+the+Department+of+Educational+Innovation+and+Critical+Thinking%2C+translating+four+books+on+these+topics.%0A%0AHe+currently+coordinates+the+Editorial+Committee+of+Casa+T%C3%ADbet+M%C3%A9xico+and+is+the+editorial+director+of+the+quarterly+human+development+magazine+84+Thousand+-+Words+that+wake+up.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fcasatibet.org.mx%2F2016%2F09%2F05%2Falan-murillo%2F+Adapted+from+Source+Apr+6%2C+2021%5D%29
Albert+Gr%C3%BCnwedel+%2831+July+1856+%E2%80%93+28+October+1935%29+was+a+German+Indologist%2C+Tibetologist%2C+archaeologist%2C+and+explorer+of+Central+Asia.+He+was+one+of+the+first+scholars+to+study+the+Lepcha+language.%0A%0AGr%C3%BCnwedel+was+born+in+Munich+in+1856%2C+the+son+of+a+painter.+He+studied+art+history+and+Asian+languages%2C+including+Avestan%2C+and+in+1883+earned+his+doctorate+at+the+University+of+Munich.+In+1881+he+began+work+as+an+assistant+at+the+Museum+of+Ethnology+in+Berlin+and+in+1883+he+was+appointed+deputy+director+of+the+ethnographic+collection.+Gr%C3%BCnwedel+won+accolades+for+his+numerous+publications+on+Buddhist+art%2C+archaeology+Central+Asia%2C+and+Himalayan+languages.+Two+notable+works+were%27%27+Buddhist+art+in+India%27%27+%281893%29+and+%27%27Mythology+of+Buddhism+in+Tibet+and+Mongolia%27%27+%281900%29%2C+which+concerned+the+Greek+origins+of+the+Gandharan+Greco-Buddhist+artistic+style+and+its+development+in+Central+Asia.%0A%0AIn+1899+Gr%C3%BCnwedel+was+invited+to+join+a+Russian+archaeological+research+expedition+led+by+Vasily+Radlov+into+the+north+of+Xinjiang+province%2C+China.+In+the+same+year+he+was+appointed+a+member+of+the+Bavarian+Academy+of+Sciences.+In+1902-1903+Gr%C3%BCnwedel+led+the+first+German+expedition+to+Turpan%2C+in+Xinjiang%2C+becoming+the+first+modern+European+to+study+the+massive+ruins+near+Gaochang.+He+recorded+the+events+of+this+expedition+in+his+book+%27%27Report+on+Archaeological+work+in+Idikutschahri+and+Surrounding+areas+in+Winter+1902-1903%27%27+%281905%29.+The+next+expedition+was+led+by+Albert+von+Le+Coq%2C+who+became+famous+for+removing+large+numbers+of+frescos+from+sites+across+Xinjiang.+Gr%C3%BCnwedel+himself+headed+the+third+German+Turfan+expedition+in+1905%E2%80%931907%2C+the+results+of+which+were+published+in+%27%27Ancient+Buddhist+Religion+in+Chinese+Turkistan%27%27+%281912%29.+Gr%C3%BCnwedel%27s+expeditions+were+largely+funded+by+the+Krupp+family.+Gr%C3%BCnwedel+was+joined+by+Heinrich+L%C3%BCders+who+made+major+contributions+to+the+epigraphical+analysis+of+the+Turpan-Expedition+findings+after+being+called+to+the+Friedrich-Wilhelms-University+Berlin+as+Professor+for+oriental+languages+in+1909.%0A%0AGr%C3%BCnwedel+retired+in+1921%2C+and+in+1923+moved+to+Bavaria%2C+where+his+spent+his+last+years+at+Bad+T%C3%B6lz+writing+a+number+of+scientific+papers.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAlbert_Gr%25C3%25BCnwedel+Source+Accessed+Jan+15%2C+2024%5D%29
Albion+M.+Butters+%28Masters+of+Theological+Studies%2C+Harvard+Divinity+School%3B+Fulbright+scholar%2C+India%3B+Ph.D.%2C+History+of+Religion%2C+Columbia+University%29+has+a+specialization+in+Indo-Tibetan+Buddhism.+As+an+Academy+of+Finland+Research+Fellow%2C+he+is+currently+engaged+in+a+study+on+ideological+aspects+of+%22Campus+Carry%22+in+Texas%2C+focusing+in+particular+on+fear+and+affect%2C+power%2C+and+intersections+between+gun+culture+and+religiosity.%0A%0AButters+is+the+editor+of+Studia+Orientalia+Electronica%2C+an+online+peer-reviewed+imprint+of+the+Studia+Orientalia+journal+%28est.+1917%2C+Finnish+Oriental+Society%29.+His+multidisciplinary+research+interests+include+questions+of+identity+and+meaning-making%2C+shifting+ideologies+%28religious+and+secular%29%2C+and+the+integration+of+spiritual+themes+in+popular+culture.+Forthcoming+is+his+monograph+titled+Spi-Fi%3A+Spiritual+Fiction+in+Comics%2C+which+examines+the+significance+of+stories+and+art+for+identity+construction+and+personal+transformation%3B+supported+by+the+Kone+Foundation%2C+this+research+project+was+inspired+by+Butters%E2%80%99+involvement+as+one+of+the+creators+of+the+graphic+novel+Mandala+%28Dark+Horse+Comics%2C+2014%29.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Futu.academia.edu%2FAlbionButters+Source+Academia.edu%5D%29 +
Aleksa+Dokic+received+a+PhD+in+Buddhist+Studies+from+the+University+of+Delhi+in+2001.+The+dissertation+was+titled+%22Sam%C4%81dhir%C4%81ja+S%C5%ABtra%3A+An+English+Translation+of+Chapters+I-XX+of+the+Sanskrit+Text+with+Critical+Notes.%22+The+supervisor+for+the+dissertation+was+Karam+Tej+Singh+Sarao.+Dokic+is+currently+Assistant+Director%2C+Government+Office+for+Human+Rights+and+Rights+of+National+Minorities%2C+Croatia. +
Dr.+Aleksandra+Wenta+is+Assistant+Professor+in+the+School+of+Buddhist+Studies%2C+Philosophy+and+Comparative+Religions.+She+was+trained+at+Oxford+University%2C+Banaras+Hindu+University%2C+and+Jagiellonian+University.+She+was+fellow+at+the+Indian+Institute+of+Advanced+Study%2C+Shimla+%282012-2014%29+where+she+worked+on+the+aesthetics+of+power+in+medieval+Chidambaram.+Her+scholarly+interests+range+from+Buddhism+in+India+and+Tibet%2C+through+Sanskrit+and+history+of+%C5%9Aaivism+in+Kashmir+and+South+India%2C+to+the+performance+theories+and+emotions+in+pre-modern+India.+She+is+currently+working+on+the+history+of+the+transmission+of+the+esoteric+Buddhist+cult+from+India+to+Tibet.+%28%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fnalandauniv.edu.in%2Ffaculties%2Faleksandra-wenta%2F+Source+Accessed+Feb+11%2C+2021%5D%29 +
Alexander+Gardner+is+the+Director+and+Chief+Editor+of+the+Treasury+of+Lives%2C+an+online+biographical+encyclopedia+of+Tibet+and+the+Himalayan+Region.+He+completed+his+PhD+in+Buddhist+Studies+at+the+University+of+Michigan+in+2007.+From+2007+to+2016+he+worked+at+the+Shelley+%26+Donald+Rubin+Foundation%2C+serving+as+their+Executive+Director+from+2013+to+2016.+His+research+interests+are+in+Tibetan+life+writing+and+the+cultural+history+of+Kham+in+the+nineteenth+century.+He+is+the+author+of+%27%27The+Life+of+Jamgon+Kongtrul+the+Great%27%27%2C+published+by+Shambhala+in+2019.+Alex+served+as+the+writer-in-residence+for+Tsadra+Foundation%27s+Buddha-Nature+Project+from+2017-2019. +